The Sun. — London, England, 1866-08-25 00:00:00

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.' Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. (leo. Vining. SUMMER SELSON.—Doors open at Halt-Past Seven, performances commence at Eight o'clock precisely. THIS EVENING, a New and Orig inal Drams, in Three Acts, by Watts Phillips. Esq., entitled THE HUGUENOT CAPTAIN. Principal characters by Mrs. Stirling, Miss Neilson, Miss Augusta Thomson; Mr. George Honey aid Mr. let, ning. Grand Ballet t Bohemians, in whic um. Flageo- Clodoche, Comete, o and N o rmande, wil l appear. New scenery by Mr. F. Lloyds. NEW THEATRE -ROYAL ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING. at 7 precisely, TILE FAST FAMILY. 3lpsers. Billinton, J. L. 'Poole, Paul Ikdford, It Philli 11. ps, Ashley, Eburne; Mrs. A. Mellon Miss Woo Liar), Miss Simms, Miss Furtado, Miss Smith, Miss SeAmitn, Ml's God, and Mrs. H. Lewis. After which a Burlesque Opera, called HELENE • or, TJk.en from the Giee k. Mestrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, R. Phillips, Ashley, Eburn ; Mrs. A. Mellon, Miss Furtado, Miss Seaman, Miss Godsalle,Ac. OYAL STRAND THEATRE. sole Lessee and MauagerLss, Mrs t wanborough. THIS 34:VENING, THE WEA 11D.RCOCK. Alter which. will be produced the Latest Edition of ic.ENthi,voitTn. Mes.rs. Thorne, Jame., Fenton. and Turner ; )tesdames Ada Swanborough, Raynham, John stone, and ksolt To conclude with TIMOTHY TO THE RESCUE. THE "SUN" NEWSPAPER.- G. R. GLENIE, Sporting Library, 4, Connaught terrace, Edgware-road, is specially appointed AGEN c to deliver the LATE EDITION of " TIIE SUN " at the ear liest possible moment after leaving the press. tie is able to deliver copies in Town, the Suburbs, and in many parts of the Country at a comparatively early hour the same ‘yening, Bay 40 miles by 9 o'clock. Orders by Post punctually attended to. T" R. "SUN" NEWSPAPER. - G. GLENIkI delivers tie E EDITION at Chelsea, 7.40; 8; Starch-green, 8; Woolwich, 7.30; Uxbridge, 9.20 ; Wallord, 8.45. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN." J. HOLMES begs to inform his friends, and t he LATESTgenerally, that as he soo su ri pp as lies pu te sue o. 16 ,1) r Hampstead road. N.W. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published. containing all the LA TEST NEWS and SPOUTING INTELLIG ENCE, by U. W. HARRIS, Newspaper Agent, 4, Blacktriars-road, London. S. QPORTING.—JOHN ROBERTS supplies the LATEST EDITION of "TUX SUN" as soou as pub /._. fished.-4, Bath-street, City-road, E.C. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied, as soon as published every Eveninff, by . ALEXANDIift (tate BILOO KS), Newspaper Ageut, 24, Old Cavendish-street. Oxford-street. LATEST INTELLIGENCE.- Mr. CHAPMAN, of the White Hart, Acton, Middle sex, begs to ii,form Lis friends and neighbours that the Latest Edition of "The Sun" can be seen at his house as above. FOR TILE LATEST POLITICAL and SPORTING INTELLIGENCE pee the Late Edition of " The Sun" at Mr. Blake's, Queen's Head, Windsor street, Uxbridge. BENSON, J. W., by Special Appointment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. HENSON'S CLOCKS, manufactured by Ste am Al Power. BENSON'S ILLUSTRATED PAMPHLET, 2d. BENSON, Old Bond-street and Wcstbournc grove. Steam Factory and City Show-Rooms, 53 and 70, Ludgate -hill. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim DAY.—Morning, lh. 24m.—Afternoon, lh. 48m. To-Blonuow.-IL.rning, 2h. sm. —Afternoon, 2b. 24m. 4 .4), ttg e 4104, Pt-A LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1866. At last the gratifying intelligence has reached us that peace has been signed between Austria and Prussia—on the 23d inst. the event took place— and the ratifications being exchanged the evacuation of the Austrian territory by the Prussians will com mence, and in three weeks it is expected that Bohemia will be freed from the presence of foreign troops. 'I he treaty has been sent to Vienna in order that it may be ratified. This may be welcome intelli gence to many who have mourned over the distress and disasters occasioned by the war; and so far they hay° cause for satisfaction, but it is certain that the state of the Continent is autlaino. but satisfae urez tr the rrussian tory. Government heve raised all the angry feelings and bitter jealousies that had long •remained dormant, and it will be a long time before we hear the last of the consequences of this war. It is a noticeable fact that the Prussians cannot agree among them selves as to the manner in which the late proceedings should be regarded, and accordingly we meet with a wholesale denunciation in the semi-official North German Gazette of the style in which the Kreuz Zeitung has commented on Italy. It declares that the Italian Sovereign is an ally of Prussia, and that it is not suitable that he should be written about in the hard terms alluded to. We really cannot see that there is much truth in the assertion made that Italy has powerfully aided in bringing about the military and diplomatic success of Prussia. The Italian ventutts, both by land and sea, were totally unsuccessful, and if any thing they must have retarded the movements of the Prussians. As for the cession of Venetia that could have been as easily effected without the Italians going to war at all, and might have been made one of the conditions of the Treaty between Austria and Prussia without a single blow being struck on Italian soil. Now that the pressing anxiety of the war is over, the Vienna Government seem determined to attend to Hungarian affairs. There are all sorts of rumours afloat respecting the mode in which this vexed question is to be settled, or at all events endeavoured to be settled. The Impe rial Cabinet have, indeed, bitter cause to regret the neglect which they have shown in this matter, and the period of comparative leisure which they now enjoy might be profitably spent in retracing their steps, and changing their policy towards that king dom. Had Hungary been placed on a proper foot ing some time ago the results of the late war might have been very different ; but even as it is, if the Emperor, FRANCIS JOSEPH, would consolidate his empirp and strengthen the weak points of his dominion; he would certainly give ear to those who counsel the adoption of a more liberal and en lightened policy. Perhaps the stern lessons of adversity may teach him more wisdom for the future ; but, at any rate, Hungary will very likely profit by the many important changes that have lately taken place in Germany. Saxony is also realising the advantages of a ces sation of hostilities, and the inhabitants of Dresden have witnessed the welcome disappearance of foreign troops from their streets. The King of SAXONY has issued an order which instructs his Ministry to afford "honourable and friendly co-operation to the Prussian authorities." Thanks to the determina tion of the French EMPEROR, this State will enjoy a greater immunity than the rest have done from the ravages of war, and, despite all the rapacity of the Berlin G overnment, they have not to cede their wishes iu this respect. The unpopularity of Count BISnAl:CI: in Paris is o ne of the chief features of French politics just now, an d the constant abuse that is showered upon him is oue symptom which c annot by overlooked by those who d we ll on the consequences of events. Hereafter Count BISMARCK may find the full effects of his bad generalship respecting France. Just now it is not an Oppor tune time for the French to go to war, but they will not forget or forgive the insults and injuries they have received, and the Berlin Government m ay rest assured that they have not heard the last of their conduct. It is always a dangerous thing for any power to provoke a strong neighbour, and we regard the state of affairs in Paris as very adverse to Prussia in the long run. It is all very fine to talk of Prussian supremacy and superiority ; but whenever the French really resort to war, it will be seen that it is a very different thing for them to en gage the Austrians from what it is to compete with the French. The peace now signed has no solid basis, and cannot be considered as lasting in its character. Last night a public meeting was held in Holborn to take into consideration the removal and eviction of numbers of the poor women, children, and aged men of the district, because their dwellings were re quired for improvements in Holborn valley. The resolutions passed were very sensible, and deserve attention. One of them was to the effect that the crowded condition of the poor in houses not fit for human habitation " was an evil of such magnitude in this city that it called for the immediate atten tion of the Legislature." A letter was read from Mr. TORRENS, which contained some truths on the subject. It said that harder things have been ac complished, but now more needful and useful than this result of rectifying the evils under which the poor suffer in this respeet. It is indeed a disgrace to our civilisation that such hardships should be in flicted on those who are not able to protect them selves. We trust that something decisive will be done in this question next session. Lord DERBY has the credit of being the first to turn the attention of Parliament in that direction ; and though some declared he was mistaken in his opinion the time has shown that he was only too correct in predicting that great misery would ensue from the thoughtless conduct pursued of driving out the poor tenants without providing them with a habitation. In a letter to the :_ta7idard of to-day this subject is alluded to, and it is truly said that great discontent prevails among the poor of the metropolis in consequence of the great hard ships that are inflicted on them through the change so rapidly taking place in so many directions. As for the large buildings erected for the poor the writer states that " really one could gather such a cloud of witnesses to prove that none of the poor we are speaking of could afford to live there that one is almost ashamed to be compelled to make the asser tion." The great increase in house rent must be also taken into account, and it is no exaggeration to say that, both directly and indirectly, the many schemes for the improvement of the metropolis press hardly upon the poor. At the present season it it is particularly to be deprecated that so much overcrowding should exist ; and it may be noticed that people are very prone to descant upon the want of care and cleanliness ob servable in the dwellings of the poor, without taking into account how difficult, if not impossible, it is to prevent such evils under the present system that prevails. To leave the wretched classes here alluded to to the tender mercies of landlords is a great blunder of political economy, and it may also be called an unrighteous act on the part of autho rities, for it is neglecting thosa who are not able to defend their own cause. The members of the British Association have been discussing a matter of great national and political importance. In section G mechanical science, those vital points of national defence, which have so long perplexed our statesmen and burdened our taxpayers were regarded in their scientific aspect. In this section Captain NOBLE read a very valuable paper "on the penetration of shot, and resistance of ironclad defences," in which :he detailed the re- sults of some experiments on iron plates, which had been made by the Ordnance Committee. These ex periments were made with the view of ascertaining the power of resistance of ironplates to steel-shot, and as this is a matter upou which it is imperative that our authorities should arrive at some definite conclusion, it will be interesting to examine the i result. Ine general rule was penetra,ion, ana al -1 though the experiments were not fully carried out, this fact was considered established. The plates were 4. inch and 5k inch, and the experiments were made with shells and spherical shot. It was proved that the plates might be perforated by heavy shot at low velocity, and still more effectually by light shot at a high velocity. This was the result of direct firing, much greater force of shot being required for oblique firing. The superiority of steel shot was found to be very strongly marked, cast iron projectiles being nearly useless against armour plates. The pointed shot was found to be superior to either the flat or the hemispherical, and the substance of the con clusions arrived at was, that iron plates, as a rule, could be penetrated by steel projectiles from a 12-ton gun. Iron-built ships, in which the backing is compo se d o f compact oa k or teak, offer more resistance than wooden ships similarly clad. The general result of the experi ments were not, however, very satisfactory as to the invulnerability of our ships, and Admiral Sir E. BELCHER had some reason on his side when he said that unless it were possible to render vessels abso lutely impenetrable it was better to leave them unarmed. Such is, in fact, the principle which modern science has adopted with respect• to our troops. This principle, however, is not accepted in naval warfare, so we must go on trying our guns against our ships, and our ships against our guns, until the odds are pretty fairly balanced. Sir WILLIAM ARMSTRONG, no mean authority, who was present during the discussion, objected to the use of long projectiles, expressing his belief, which appears theoretically well pointed, that a long projectile would have a tendency to crumple up instead of damaging the plate against which it impinged. Colonel SYKES looks on all modern inventions as hopeless, and after candidly telling the assembled company that he believed the millions which we had spent on our fortifications had been thrown away, he stated a new and very unpleasant idea by asking whether it would not be possible to destroy the crew of an American Monitor by stopping up the ventilating shaft? These uncanny-looking vessels are not very popular in the service already, but if the sailors are to anticipate such an unheroic catas trophe, they will be still less inclined to go into action with them. Such are the differences of opinion on a very practical matter, and we need not wonder that doctors disagree in questions of theory and speculation. But, unfortunately, this matter of national defence is something more than a mere abstract problem to be solved this w o a f y t o h r e ttnmhoate way nt. according to the favourable theory We have spent precious years in debatliig it an is d tcon sidering on experiments, and the end of after an expenditure to be reckoned by tens of mil lions, we should find ourselves, if suddenly plunged into war, in a very awkward position. Nu one wishes to go to war if it can be avoided, but the most extreme member of the Peace party would admit that it was a position unworthy of England to keep up naval and military establishments and to be unable to protect herself. Yet what is the fact? The weakness and inefficiency of the Navy is notorious, and the lack of naval reserves has ' been reluctantly admitted in Parliament by the chief of the Admiralty himself. As for our troops, a battle on the Continent throws us all into a panic from a conviction that our men are armed with an inferior weapon. What have our authorities been about? The advantage of the breechloader has been recognised for some time, and the arms might have been earlier adopted in the service. With re we have cert a i n l y been called gard to the Davy TLIE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1866. upon to pay enough during the last ten years to have a navy respectable in point of numbers, if open to criticism on some matters of detail. But the fact is that caution has run mad nowadays and has become extremely incautious. We are so afraid of not having the very best arms for our troops, the very best field gun, that we hesitate, and doubt, and compare, and experiment, and appoint com missions and committees, and write, and talk, and consider, until an alarm of war comes, and we sud denly discover that we have left our army with a weapon which is admittedly inferior, we have weak ened instead of strengthening our fleet, and have experimented on all our best field pieces until we burst them Two thousand rounds from a single gun would play a respectable part in an ordinary campaign ; but our authorities, in their anxiety to be sure that the gun will not play false, persist in firing it until they destrol it. Why, in the name of common sense, when a gun has been proved able to do effectual service, should it be doomed to de struction ? We shall never have a good supply of field pieces if this system is continued. England spends quite enough money to have her defences thoroughly efficient. It is absolutely disgraceful that, with her wealth and position, her weakness should be matter of European comment. England's time has been lost in experiments and delays. Let a reasonable place of action be laid down and car ried out vigorously. We have already expended enough to give us the most powerful fleet and the best arm in the world, and it is certainly not in ac cordance with the public wish that, instead of being in the van, our Government have left us in the rear. CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) PARIS, Friday Evening. There is no news of importance to-day respecting the affairs of Germany, but it appears from the Moniteur that a little change has been made in regard to the territory which is to be ceded by Bavaria to Prussia. It is now settled that it will comprise the districts of Orb, Gersfeld, Hilters, and Tanu, which contain a population of 40,00 1 3. They are situated to the north of the kingdom. The war indemnity has been definitively fixed at 30 millions of florins. Bavaria will still retain Lichtenfeld and Culmbach. The ceded territory is situated at the extreme north of the Maine, and stretches to a point between the Saxon Duchies and Electoral Hesse. In French money the little bill to be settled by Bavaria amounts to 64 millions 800,000 francs. Prussia is very restive about the press just now, and is not disposed to allow it much latitude. The Gazette l'Alle7nagne du Nord, of Hanover, of Mon day last, has six white spaces among its columns, intimating that so many passages have been ex punged by the Prussian Censorship. Prussia seems to have forgotten that the censorship in France led to the expulsion of Charles the Tenth from the Throne. The Presse, of Vienna, cites a significant pro of of American sang froid. General Manteuffel inti mated to Mr. Murphy, the American Consul at Frankfort, that he could not prevent him and his countrymen from being compelled to lodge Prussian soldiers. Mr. Murphy, putting on his hat, said, " General, allow me to inform you that our fleet is in the Baltic," and immediately retired. No Prussian soldiers have been sent to lodge with the Americans. A strange and terrible accident has taken place at the village of Tilhouse in the Upper Pyrenees. The commune celebrated its national fete at a wine shop, and on this occasion all of them were open during the night. In one of these establishments it was customary to use for a candlestick a hollow cannon-ball shell, which had been brought from Lannemazan, and from which it was thought the powder had been withdrawn. The candle was place in the hole which serves for the train to ignite the projectile. Towards four o'clock the landlord went ' ' All of a sudden the train reached the bottom of the ball, which contained a heavy charge of powder. There was a tremendous explosion. Four men were killed instantly and two others grievously hurt. Five others happily escaped uninjured. The furni ture was shattered to atoms. At the last sitting of the Academy of Sciences, M. Chevreuil related some curious facts to prove that China had its age of stone. By age of stone is meant those ante-historical times, when men, not being acquainted with metals, manufactured their arms and utensils in silex, stone, and other material. Confucius was at the house of a certain learned man, when the King perceived from a terrace in his gar den a bird of prey, which appeared to have three wings, and which flew in a very strange manner. The King ordered that it should be brought to him dead or alive. The bird soon fell on the steps of the palace. The bird had but two wings, but the feathers of an arrow, which had penetrated through his body, explained how it appeared to have three. This arrow, very different from those of that period, was armed with hard stone filed to a point instead of iron or wood. The friend of Confucius was ordered by the King to explain this fact, and Con fucius recognised the bird to be a species of hawk. , L This bird of prey," said he, "is a native of the north of Tartary, and very seldom comes to our cli mate." As to the arrow, it is very similar to that which was offered to a Prince in sign of sovereignty. It was a foot and an inch long, exclusive of the armed point of stone. Look into your depots of art, said the learned man to the King. This arrow may have been preserved there. If one be found let it be compared with this arrow, and if so, it must be concluded that Heaven favours your Majesty, since it sends into your hands the authentic signs of sovereignty. The text (that of Amyot printed in 1788) adds that the King ordered the researches. The empire had then existed for ten centuries. An arrow was found exactly similar to that with which the bird of prey had been killed. The Nazione of Florence says that the Govern ment of the King of Italy has granted an amnesty to Mazzini, and adds :—" We doubt, however, whether Mazzini will be disposed to profit by this amnesty, but that is his business, not ours. Should he continue to be a martyr and an exile it will be from caprice, and in that case we say, so much the worse for him." A very joyous wedding, contracted under war ranted circumstances, has just been celebrated at a chateau near Herblay. The marriage ceremony was performed in a small church in a quarter of Paris inhabited chiefly by the working classes, and never before were seen so many carriages or such a numerous company of fashionables in the vicinity. A handsome orphan work girl, Emma B----, lived comfortably on the fruit of her honest labour, and had for some months been courted by a young man who was supposed to be also belonging to the work ing class, a journeyman carpet-maker. One day the young girl said to him, " Charles, you have been pressing me to marry you for three months, and I have postponed the marriage. Now, however, I will no longer delay it. A rich American has offered me 1,000 dols. a mouth if I would consent to be an honest woman, and that I should also have a splendid apartment on the Boulevard Malesherbes. There is my hand, put up the banns directly." The lover, highly indignant at the American, was too glad to obey the direction. The banns were pub lished, and the marriage has taken place in the quarter where the lovers resided. The evening be ' fore the wedding however, the bridegroom told Emma that he had a secret to tell. lie was nut a working man, but was one of the richest proprietors in an eastern department of France, and said he should take her the next day to the beautiful chateau which he had inherited from his father and mother, for he, like his bride, was an orphan. The young lover it appears saw Emma a few months ago and fell in love with her at first sight. She lived in an attic, and he had taken a room in the upper story of the same house to be near her. Thus he could see her every day, and a mutual passion soon sprung, up between them. The Euipress Charlotte of Mexico has left Paris for Brtukelo, to proceed 4rom thence Jo Miramar. Her Majesty was accompanied by a numerous suite, and was cheered at the Northern Railway station. The Princess Mathilde has also left Paris for her villa of Belgirate in Switzerland. The weather has been warm and more settled to-day, but the meteorological observations at the Observatory presage storms on the west of Spain, Italy, and the Gulf of Gascony. A gardener in the Bois de Boulogne, on Tuesday, gathered a quantity of what he supposed to be mush rooms. He made a present of some of them to a neighbour, whose gamily consisted of father and mother and a little girl. They have been poisoned. The little girl died a few hours after eating the sup posed mushrooms, and both father and mother are still in a very dangerous condition. Madame Battel, the wife of an eminent artist who has considerable reputation as a caricaturist, has just presented her husband with three girls. Their formation is perfect, and they, with the mother, are what is called as well as can be expected. LA TEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) HUNGARY. PESTII, Aug. 24. It is stated that the Tavernicus, Baron Sennyey, will be entrusted with the formation of a Hungarian Ministry, upon the bases of the Constitution of 1848. There will, however, be no portfolios of war or finance for the present. The Hungarian Diet will probably open in Sep tember. SPAIN. MADRID, Aug. 24 (Evening). A circular from the Governor of Madrid hasheen posted up at the Bourse cautioning the public against attaching credit to the false rumours disseminated by revolutionists. CHINA AND JAPAN. SHANGHAI, July 25. The Nyenfei have been successful in the north. Two French bishops and seven priests have been massacred in the Corea. Intelligence received here from Japan announces that civil war was being carried on between some of the Princes. AMERICA• (By Atlantic Telegraph.) NEW YORK, Aug. 23. President Johnson has abandoned the Fenian pro- secutions. ARRIVAL OF THE CITINA. (Via Roche's Point.) NEW YORK, Aug. 16 (Evening). The Philadelphia Convention has elected Senator Doolittle as chairman. Mr. Vallandigham has withdrawn from the Con vention. The Massachusetts and South Carolina delegations entered the Convention arm-in-arm, amidst cheers for President Johnson and the 36 loyal States. The President telegraphed that the people must be trusted. The country, he said, would be restored, and his faith was unshaken as to their ultimate success. The Convention adjourned to-day, after passing resolutions declaring the Union and the Constitution to be restored, and that neither Congress nor Go vernment could deny representation to any State. The resolutions urge the people to elect none but men admitting this principle. The right to prescribe qualificatiOn for the elective franchise is reserved to States. No State can withdraw from the Union, nor uy iia uutivu c2colule another State from the Union. The resolutions further tender sincere support to President Johnson. Cholera is abating in New York, but is raging fearfully through the west and south-west. The Bavaria has arrived out, and has been placed in quarantine. She has had eight cholera cases and three deaths on board. MEXICO. Advices received here from Matamoras to the 10th inst. announce that the Liberals occupied Monterey, Saltillo, and other towns on the 28th ult. The Imperialists retreated to San Luis Potosi. Marshal Bazaine had set out for the City of Mexico. Juarez was en route for Monterey. The Liberals occupied Tampico on the Ist inst. The American General Lewis Wallace had arrived at Matamoras in a steamer. from New York with men, arms, and ammunition for the Liberals. Wallace holds the commission of Major-General in the Liberal Army. A French corvette is blockading Matamoras. QUEENSTOWN, Aug. 25. The royal mail steamship China arrived here at 5.45 a.m. this morning, - with 117 passengers and 125,215 in specie. She landed a portion of the mails, consisting of 111 sacks, and proceeded for Liverpool at 6 a.m. All well. She was detained 12 hours at Halifax by fog. The Cathedral at Boulogne. For the following very interesting description of the consecration of the restored Cathedral of Notre Dame de Boulogne-sur-Mer, we are indebted to the special correspondent of the Morning Herald : In the ages of faith generations occupied them selves in the erection of a single cathedral ; now wo are in the habit of turning out a very big church in eighteen months or so, very pretty to look at, and frequently substantial withal. But it is quite a novel sensation to witness the consecration of a church which has been over 30 years in hand, and which has been decorated with many an offering from Boulonnais and from stranger; and it is there fore little wonder that from far and near Ro man Catholics should now have thronged to Bou logne to witness the ceremony which took place this morning. Externally, with the exception of the dome, there is little in the appearance of Notre Dame to attract the eye of the lover of architecture. The site of this cathedral is well chosen,on almost the highest part of the upper town; but those who chose the place lived in days when their choice was little hampered by vested interests, and when they had but to ask and to have for God's work. There was a church here in the seventh century, and it was rebuilt very early in the twelfth as a cathedral, which the Huguenots and our commanders under the Tudors so defaced, that in the first quarter of the seventeenth century it was rebuilt in a pointed style, and lasted until the sans culottes stabled their horses in holy sanctuaries. The cathedral at Bou logne shared the fate of many other holy things. Its pearls were at the mercy of swine which trampled them under foot and turned to rend their care-takers. There being no God and no law acknowledged save the will of the mob, what was more natural than that the cathedral, or what was left of it, should be sold for the relief of the taxpayers ? It fetched over half a million francs, and the purchasers, de molishing altar and image and carving and glass, found their speculation was a bad one, for they could turn the site to no account. In 1820 it was once more in the market, and " a most Christian King" let a poor abbe, who was teaching school, un dertake the responsibility of restoring the site to its sacred purpose. The Abbe Haffreingue bought the cathedral, or what was left of it, and the bishop's palace close by. Moved by one of those inspira tions which are not extinct even in these prosaic times, the abbe undertook the gigantic work of re constructing the cathedral. He threw himself on the alms and prayers of the faithful, and the result is the great building which has been this day set aside " to the honour of Almighty God, and the most glorious Virgin Mary and all the saints." The Pope, to signify his appreciation of Mgr. Haff reingue's labours, seven years ago made him Apos tolic notary and a prelate of the Roman Court ; but even this honour could not carry so much satis faction to his heart as that he has lived to see to day—the foundations completed upon the holy hill sanctified by the dedication of nearly twelve cen turies. The houses in front of the Cathedral are too near to admit a fair view of its proportions, and this is an additional cause for regret that. when Mgr. Haffreingue, who has been architect and clerk of the works, treasurer, and all in one, has done so much and done it so well, he should have chosen a classical style rather than one of the pointed classes, which, in so narrow a thoroughfare, would have looked infinitely lighter. The portico is approached by steps, and on it rests a beautiful bas-relief of the Blessed Virgin in boat. This is a representation of the legend which has caused the Boulonnais to be lieve that their city is under Mary's special protec tion. In the first half of the seventh century, as the story goes, a boat approached the Morinian shore unpropelled by oars or sails. In this boat was an image of the Mother, carved in wood, and bearing a figure of the Holy Child on her arm, the image being attended by angels. The people, thereto moved by a special revelation, bore the image ashore, and.placed it in their chapel, where many vicissitudes it remained until the Revolution, when it was supposed to have perished ; but there was saved one portion, which is now suspended in a silver heart round the neck of a new image that stands in the place of honour in the Lady Chapel. Above the bas-relief, which is a work of exquisite finish, stands a statue of St. Joseph, and this is all that is notable about the west front. On the exterior of the faces of the dome the stone work is pierced into the shape of a cross and sundry other forms, and round it run all the titles by which devotees have loved to hail Mary, as Stella Matutina, Mater Christi, Regina Cosh, and the like, under every title being the supplica tion " Ora pro nobis." But there is nothing in the exterior to prepare the visitor for the magnificent sight which meets his eye on entering. If the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral were half as high again, if a great altar were placed right under the dome, if the present choir were turned into a Lady Chapel, and if all looked fresh and beautiful, the Londoner would obtain a faint idea of the holy house of Our Lady of Boulogne. But the com parison must not be run too closely ; there is a great difference in the proportions, and there is this great variation, that Notre Dame of Boulogne has been built for the special use of a more ornate form of worship than that which ob tains in English cathedrals. Standing at the west end and looking eastward—the orientation is not exact, but it approximates sufficiently—the most prosaic spectator this morning could not but feel a sertain thrill of awe, and a feeling as if the sight were the vision of a dream. So beautiful are the proportions of the interior, so skilfully arranged are the lines of sight, that the eye involuntarily seeks the most distant point where lies the altar of " Maris Stella," and where, at the further end of her chapel, stands the image of which mention has already been made. Here is the centre of religious life among the Boulonnais, here is their patroness clad in her colours of purple and white, and bearing on her left arm the figure of the Divine child. Angels attend the pro gress of her boat over the rippling waters; nor oar nor mast induces its advance; and over her head shines the star, the effect of which is wonderfully given by the simple device of cutting a seven-pointed hole in the eastern wall, that the daylight may enter in and cast its bright rays upon the gold and the gems with which the image is bedecked. On the side of the boat are hung little hearts of gold and silver, the offerings of pilgrims to this noted shrine, and in the midst is a tiny jewel which a Frenchman values above all earthly possessions, and it was hung there by a great soldier, who in the Crimea made a vow, and kept itby hanging to the image of Our Lady his cross of the Legion of Honour. Around the chapel are a number of hearts in gold and silver offered similarly at the shrine. The round windows at the side of the chapel are filled with coloured glass of inferior tint, and not very well in harmony with the rich appearance of the altar which was consecrated on Wednesday by Dr. Clifford, Bishop of Clifton, assisted by Mgr. Cataldi, Roman prelate, and master of ceremonies at St. Peter's, and Mgr. Bonomi, Roman private secretary to his Holiness, and vicar general to Bishop Clifford. Mgr. Haffreingue was present, but took no part in the function, which be gan at 8 in the morning and lasted until half-past 11. The altar is a white marble slab, supported on ex tended wings of two white marble angels which face westward. Under the slab is a sarcophagus of green and gold, in which is deposited all that was mortal of one of Rome's many beatified personages, and on the altar is a tabernacle of Byzantine mosaic sur mounted by a malachite cross, the whole being pre sented by a Miss Loughman at a cost, it is said— but the sum is incredibly small—of £BOO. The Lady Chapel, on the ceiling of which is the inscription, " Regina Angelorum ora pro nobis," is divided from the body of the church by a low cast iron railing, which is sadly too common, and which contrasts unfavourably with the exquisite metal work with which we are becoming familiar in our own cathe drals. The dome has a very fine effect. All the interior of the arch is painted in neutral tints, which har monise with the building and blend with each other. Por braits of the Popes, beginning with St. Peter and ending with Pius IX., aro arranged in four circles, and there aro inscriptions of the Maynyieat, the Te Dew:, and the Apos tolic Commission around the dome, which is well lighted. The nave and transepts aro very much alike. The former has on each side massive fluted Corinthian columns, which support ah arcado cvntkiyol that, thou& spaces Pitiod in it, the ceiling shows itself, decorated with frescoes in grey tints by M. Pigis, after designs by Overbook. A fine organ, with a gallery, is over the west door, under the organ being tho inscription, " Domino Jesu Christi to solos altissimus in Gloria Dei Patris ;" and the windows which light the nave aro as yet of white glass. In the nave is an altar of stone, intended to servo for the parish of St. Joseph, which will henceforth possess tho nave as its own church. Right under the dome stands the high altar of the cathedral, a work which has probably not its equal in Europe. Prince Torlonia, respecting the wish of his de ceased brother, has given it to Boulogne at a cost of half a million of francs. It has two sides, at which Celebrations can take place, ono facing cast, the other west. It stands on a platform reached by four white marble steps which run all round, and is supported on little columns of lapis mart ?pion, a beautiful green marble. Between the columns on the west side are panels of mosaic, showing Notre Dame do Boulogne, having ou ono side SS. Gregory and Ambrose, and on the other SS. John Clu•ysostom and Athauttsius. On the east side the panels show our Lord bearing the chalice, and having on either hand two apostles. The ends of the altar have the arms of the donors with inscriptions, and so wonderfully perfect is the workmanship of all that at a distance of a yard it is impossible to detect a single piece of mosaic. On the top the Tabernacle restson a ridge, and is composed of fine marble with coloured marble panels. Corinthian columns in lapis /civil/aro grouped at the corners of the tiny temple, their capitals being of bronze gilt, and on the western door of the Tabernacle is a cross of lapis lazuli, valued at 8,000 francs. A too common railing encloses this magnificent altar, which is surrounded by smaller altars in the various side chapels under the dome. These side chapels aro painted in fresco, some of the pictures being most beautiful in design and execution, while others are intolerably gaudy and coarse. They represent the Birth, the Presentation in the Temple, the Annunciation, the Visitation, and the Immaculate Conception of Mary, under whose invocation, seconded by that of St. Maximus and St. Louis, the cathedral is placed. Other altars exist ing at the entrance from the nave to the dome have beau tiful paintings, one presented by King Louis Phillippe, and the other by the present Pope. The fete of the Blessed Virgin lasts from the 15th August—which is also and conveniently the fits Napo leon—to September 9th, and during this time a large num ber of pilgrims from all parts of France come to pay their homage at the shrine of Mary. St. Bartholomew's Day, in this season, was chosen for the consecration of the great church, and of course on such an occasion there were indulgences plenary and otherwise to those who fulfilled certain conditions. Equally, of course, there was an un usual throng of pilgrims, many coming from St. Sulpice and St. Roch, at Paris. The bishops who arrived yester day found triumphal arches erected in the streets, and the fronts of many houses as well as of churches draped in the blue and white colours of the B. V. M. Yesterday evening at seven o'clock tho bishops assembled at the old church of St. Joseph, where the relics sent from Rome were exposed for the veneration of the people. While a hymn from the Parisian breviary was sung the Bishop of Arras, Boulogne, and St. Omer, who has hardly yet worn the mitre a month, placed in little boxes of silver pieces of the relics, with grains of incense, and blessed the waterto bo used at the consecration of the cathedral and its altars, and also the linen and ornaments of the same altars, and he ended the service with the Apostolic Benediction. This morning, before seven o'clocx the Bishop of Arras, with the Bishop of Amiens, Bishop Clifford of Clifton, and Bishop Moriarty of Kerry, entered the new Cathedral, wearing their purple cassocks and capes, and fol lowed by a great throng of clergy. They took their seats in the choir stalls in front of the high altar, the bishop of the diocese occupying ono of the thrones placed where the dome meets the nave ; and in a few minutes afterwards a procession was formed of the bishops and clergy to the Church of St. Joseph. There they recited in subdued tones the seven Penitential psalms before the relics, and returned to Notre Dame, where the service, as provided in the Pontificate Romanum, was proceeded with. The open ing antiphon, invoking the presence of the Almighty, was sung to the first Gregorian tone by a choir of priests, be ginning at the west door, and the Bishop of Arras, who acted as Pontiff or chief consecrator, then, attired in white cope and gold mitre, said, kneeling on his faldstool of white satin and gold, the Latin collect familiar to Eng lish Churchmen as " Prevent us, 0 Lord." The Litany of the Saints was then partly sung, and the Pontiff, rising f rem his knees, blessed water and salt, while the choir chanted —of course in Latin - the antiphon, " Sprinkle me, Lord with hyssop, and I shall be clean ; wash me, and I s hall be whiter than snow." The bishop sprinkled the door and lin tel, and the choir sung, " The house of the Lord is founded on the top of the mountains." A collect having been said, the Pontiff took from his chaplain his pas toral staff and with the lower end of it knocked at the closed door of the cathedral, saying in a clear voice, " Lift up your heads, 0 ye gates," ez3. ; to which a deacon habited in alb, and his stole over one shoulder, standing alone within, replied, " Who is the King of Glory ?" "The Lord, strong and mighty," &c., said the Pontiff, who then, preceded, wont in procession round the church —a considerable circuit owing to the number of houses punt on each side of it. First came the acolytes, in albs and scarlet cassocks—of the use or svhlcn In England there is to this day a remnant in the Chapels Royal ; then the bishops, with copes, mitres, and pastoral staves, and then a whole crowd of priests in cassocks and cottas or short surplices. The ceremony of knocking at:the door and of making a circuit of the buildings was gone through three times, the accompanying antiphons and collects varying slightly each time. Having demanded the open ing of the door, the Pontiff made, with his crook, the sign of the cross on the portal, saying, "Behold the sign of the cross ; let all evil spirits fly away." The procession now enter ing went up the church singing to the sth and Bth tones antiphons proclaiming that the peace of God was with the hous. When the choir was reached the Pontiff kneeling at hislfaldstool, the choir and clergy sang "Voni Creator Spiri tus," and at the end of the hymn the Litany was finished, the bishop at the appointed place rising and interpolating some special supplications. Two collects, an antiphon, and the Benedictus having been said and sung, the Pontiff pro ceeded to the nave, where ashes wore sprinkled, broadly, in the form of a St. Andrew's Cross, and on these he wrote with his pastoral staff, first the Greek and then the Latin letters of the alphabet. This done, a versicle anda response were followed by the "Gloria Patri," and salt, water, ashes, and wino, were duly blessed in set form and mingled together. A procession to the door, which was marked on the inside with the sign of the cross, completed this part of a long and wearisome but very grand ceremony. To fetch relics from the church of St Joseph a procession was now organised, in which all the bishops, save he of Amiens, took part, the prelates having first, in copes and mitres, blessed the altars, while part of the 42d Psalm was sung as an introit, the psalm being afterwards repeated, except the " Gloria," which in consecrations for some in scrutable reason is generally omitted. Seven times was each altar sprinkled with a bunch of hyssop dipped in the Gregorian water, while the plaintiff tones of the ilttserere, alterr ated with repetitions of Asperges me, sounded from the choir. Each bishop made a cross in the middle and a cross in each corner of his altar, with the Gregorian water "in memory of the Cross of Calvary, by which the four quarters of the world have been redeemed." The benediction of the walls, done by the chief bishop in pro cession, succeeded, and this was a very effective part of the service; the Suisse, or as we should say the beadle, coming out very strongly on the occasion. The ce ment, being mixed for the sepulchres in which the relics were to bo placed, they were, after a slight delay, fetched in procession, the choir singing four anthems beginning " Oh, how glorious is the kingdom," and the Venitc, which was followed by other anthems, in the course of which the bishops and their precious charge reached the cathedral door, where the relics were carried about, the crowd saying tho Kyrie Eleison. Then, asking the people who thronged around for their prayers on behalf of the founders of the church, the Pontiff entered the door, way being made for him by a corporal's; guard of the 3d Chasseurs, just returned from Rome, and therefore proba bly up to the work required of them. As tho procession moved up the nave, followed by a groat number of people, the bell tolled a funeral knell for the relics which were borne on a bier covered with crimson velvet. The coup d'ceil was magnificent as the procession came up the church, amid the smoke of the incense from swinging thuribles, and on reaching the high altar the Pontiff began "the consecra tion properly so called," a number of candles being lit where the relics were deposited. After two antiphons and the 149th and 150th Psalms, the bishops said a collect at their respective altars, and then receiving the boxes of relics destined to be placed in the "sepulchres" they de posited them in the excavations, which had been conse crated with holy oil, and each placed a stone over the sepulchre, cementing it by the help of a mason in its place, and at once incensing the altar.. A priest in alb now went round about each alter continually tensing, except when the bishop took the thuriblo himself, and the choir sung, "Let my prayer go forth in thy sight as the incense." The eighty-third Psalm—Qat/ea Ditecta—was sung, five crosses were made with holy oil on each of the altar slabs, which had been well rubbed down by assistant priests, and the altars wore again incensed. Then, amid old Gregorian tones, the bishops went in procession, and marked on various portions of tho walls twelve crosses, the number of the apostles. They offered at each cross a consecration prayer and in censed the marked three times. had this ceremony been omitted, the consecration of the church would have been void. Now, returning to their altars, the bishops placing five grains of incense in the shape of a cross on each cross of oil marked on the slabs, they added to each cross five grains of charcoal, and, setting fire to it from the thuriblo, the flame burnt up the mark, whereupon the bishop prayed that the smoke of the incense might bo to God as a goodly perfume, and that the Eucharist offered there might be a means of salvation to all who should receive it worthily. Crosses wore now made with the oil on the front of each altar, and at th places where the slabs joiuod the pedestals, and the usual ornaments of the altars wore then placed upon them and prepared for the celebration, by the Bishop of Arras of the pontifical mass for the day of the dedication of a church. Mgr. Dupauloup, the eminent Bishop of Orleans, was to have preached the dedication sermon after the Gospel, but his phpsiciaus having ordered him to aLstain from work, aucl to go fox lus lloaltlA to tilt) south coot, ha was ua happily unable to bo present.. In his place tho celebrate Father Felix was appointed to preach, but owing to the great length—six hours—to which the Consecration and the Mass together extended, the sermon was judiciously post poned until the evening. The mass was concluded with the Apostolic Benediction and the declaration of indul gences ; and the ashes in which the letters of the alphabet had been traced having been removed, the consecration service was over; and while some of the English visitors hurried down to the boat to take their departure, others were content to take a book from Merridew's library and stroll or lounge for the rest of the afternoon on the sands, being simply wearied with the extraordinary length of the ceremonies. To-morrow a pontifical high mass will be celebrated at tea o'clock, and in the evening Father Felix will preach. On Sunday another pontifical high mass will be sung, and the sermon will be preached by Mgr. Lequette, chief of the diocese. In the afternoon at four there will be a general procession through the principal streets of the city— start ing from tho Rue do I'ressy and ending at the cathedral. It will bo about a mile in length. Each of at least six parishes will turn out with crosses and banners, the clergy being in their robes preceded by surpliced choristers. After these will come banners representing the chief ruys" teries of religion, those attributed to the blessed Virgin coining first, and those of her Divine Son after. The nun s and religious orders generally will follow, and in the coriel a d'homuiur will come the image of Notre Dame do Botilogno, carried by sailors. After this the bishops and distin guished clergy will walk, and the rear of the processionwill be brought up by "the faithful" generally. Excursions for the day are organised from several parts of Franco, and even from London. The eight will be strange to En g lish eyes, but it will be worth a long journey to see it, for such a procession does not often take place even in Bowa n Catholic countries, any more than the consecration of a cathedral. In the evening Father Felix preached a most eloquent sermon, which enchained the attention of Ws hearers for an hour and a quarter, from the text (Vulgate) Psalm cxxxiii., verso 1, "Behold new, bless ye the Lord, all Yn servants of the Lord, who stand in the house of the Lol d ' in the courts of the house of our God." Court Ortubt HER MAJESTY. THE QUEEN'S JOURNEY TO SCOTLAND . ABOYNE, Friday The royal train arrived here safely at 1 p.m , to day. During the journey some successful experi" meats were made with Martin's electric connani cation between the compartments of the royal car riage and the driver. From Aboyne the Queen and the royal fallaill proceeded by road to Balmoral, which was r eached shortly after three o'clock. Dinner to the Lord Advocate at the Cairnies. On Wednesday afternoon the Lord Advocate w as entertained to dinner by the tenantry on his esta tes , of the Cairnies, near Glenalmond, and a number e' private friends, on the occasion of his a ppointme nt to office under the Derby Government. The diune took place in a granary at the Cairnies farm, which was decorated with evergreens for the occo lon " The Rev. John Wilson, Methven, occupied t chair, and was supported by several of the local gentry. The croupiers were the Rev. Mr. T a l ler' Monzie ; and Mr. Miller, teacher, Perth. I lls gathering was not in any sense a political gatheri n g' but meant simply to express good neighbourshir t° Mr. Patton, who is much respected in the district. The LORD ADVOCATE was called upon, however?, to reply for the toast of " her Majesty's Mini sters, 0 and in doing so claimed the fact that the re Wet . present at the meeting " men of all religions clef nominations and of all political creeds" as a 1 311)° 0 th that the new Government " stands well in general estimation of the country." He said the Premier we have a statesman of high ra nk an perfect independence, whose earlier career has been ur associated with some of the grea t events of ° he history, whose special glory it is to have bee n t A author of a system of national education i n Irelan ; and who was one of the great leaders in a eeci he plishing the extirpation of slavery throughout t'r British empire. (Applause.) During his long car ho ]ins been eminently distinguished not more m' his brilliant powers of oratory than by the generous feeling by which ho has been actuated. (Applan se 2 In his son we have a Minister for Foreign 0 31 1 whose just appreciation of the position of rea. Britain, while it secures us from irritable and 119 necessary interference, will preserve and rotten the just influences of Great Britain abroaa; (Cheers.) At the head of the administration °; the affairs of India we find a young nobleman 0° conspicuous ability, and of no less consP ic 3o industry, who in the short period of a fortnight L',.he become intimately familiar with and mastered 7 9 details of the Indian Government, and has act° succeeded in solving one very important probleub which had formed a source of difficulty and eaten sive discontent in the former Administration; (Cheers.) I trust I may affirm of all who 113.10 lately come into office that it is their earnest des l , r ,, to stand well with the country, and to merit iw confidence by thorough devotion to the public ser vice, and by the efficient and zealous discharge eo the duties which their office calls upon therm t fulfil." Iu proposing the Lord Advocate's health , tb : CHAIRMAN expressed his conviction that Mr. r atio would discharge the duties of his high and influe ll a tial office with exemplary fidelity and ability, a ° 4 his regret that " the field on which he may dsPl". 6 his great abilities and exert his powerful influence / . 0 as yet somewhat limited," and continued—" B ut tbi desideratum will, I doubt not, soon be supP lled Without professing to be in possession of any se cret —without giving any heed to so-called rumours which ought rather to be termed political inventio n , for I verily believe they never had any existen ce ! A they appeared in print—without, I say, profeaslq to be in possession of any secret, I have no dot that the Lord Advocate will, in due time, have tb honour of representing a constituency more wor thy of him than that fickle and faithless one with he was connected." The LORD ADVOCATE, in acknowledging t A e toast, said—This is a merely local meeting. , such I value and regard it the more. (Appla ns " It cannot possibly be attributed to anything but t ° the good-will of those who have long known ra e. In this locality it has been my good fortune tog many, many happy days. (Applause.) From ; hood upwards I have felt in - it - the warmest intere S , and it has afforded to me during many years , ° '' a busy professional life a place of retreat where t° din and strife and anxieties of our Scottish metr ° : polis were replaced by the murmur of the a live ' Almond, the bleating of the sheep on the mountain; side, and the calm and tranquil. enjoyment derive' from the contemplation of the woods and dale? glens and mountains, which surround us, breath the pure mountain air as it sweeps along the 810 P ( " 0 of our own Grampians, uncontaminated with tb i dust and smoke of the great city. (Applause.) have felt from time to time the bracing influenc'e of ourbest of climates, and renovation from tilt anxious and exhaustive work of the Parliament House. I have not indulged the mere cessation fo ij3 work, but have engaged in the inviting occup atl°o which the cultivation of the garden and arbor ienl ture afforded. If I have done something for cd ° , cation by giving a local habitation and a name t o the great educational institution which has been planted among us—(Applause)--I have natur ally derived from the change of thought and occupa tleii that best form of relaxation by constantly °bac ° , ing the improvements around me—in which engage°f ments, and speaking in the presence of so marl ‘3 those who knew myireverecl father, may I be allo W ' to say, I have endeavoured feebly and imperf ectli to follow the example which he set before me. OP pla ase.)—Scotsnzan. Her Majesty's surveying-vessel Nassau, CaPt 3l , lj Wt' Richard C. Mayne (P.W.), yesterday left al .: wich for Greenhithe, to adjust compasses, preP id.3 tory to her departure for the Straits of Magellan,: She was inspected yesterday morning at Woolvi!e7 by Sir Richard Mayne, Col. Hawkins, commandu); Royal Engineers, Capt. Richards, hydrographe r the Board of Admiralty , and other officers, '‘ v ",, accompanied Capt. Mayne to Greenhithe, returoim' thence by the 3 o'clock UAW to London. FRANCE. PARIS, Aug. 24.—Two o'clock.—Business remains almost at a standstill. A few offers take place, but there are scarcely any buyers. The quotations are little more than nominal, the only variation which has occurred up to this time from the prices of last evening being in French Threes, which were done at 69f. 15c., or sc. higher. The same want of ani mation characterises the railway market. Three o'clock.—A slight improvement has taken place, the closing prices being as follows : 41 per Cents O9 Bank Shares 3600 Do. end month — Italian Loan 53 70 3 per Cents. G9 25 Do, end month 53 85 Do. end month 69 25 Mexican Loan 2B Credit Mobilier ... 645 Do. Bonds 173 75 Do. end month ... 648 75 Spanish Threes Credit Fowler 1320 Home Debt Do. end month 1325 Deferred R.LILW LYS. _.. ... For Account. Orleans B7B 75 Northern 1137 50 Lyons and Mediterranean 873 75 Southern 528 75 Western 590 Eastern — Sardinian Austrian Lombard 393 25 North of Spain — 122 50 Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona — —" Rowan — The party of non-commissioned officers and sappers of the Royal Engineers who have been em ployed for some time past at Shoeburyness in various engineering operations will rejoin at head-quarters, Brompton-barracks, Chatham, this morning, the works on which they have been e ngaged being now completed. Among the other engineering opera tions carried out by the sappers and miners during the time they have been doing duty at Shoebury ness has been the enlargement of the practice range, along the shore, for the trial of the largest descrip tion of naval ordnance, an uninterrupted range of upwards of six miles along the shore being now ob tained. The Royal E ng i neers w ere also employed up the necessary a portion of their time i n th row i n g an additional numbe r o f h eavy g uns Royal Artillery, a n d th e detachments attached to the School of Gunnery. An order was yesterday received at the head quarters of the Royal Engineer establishment, Chatham, directing a detachment of non-commis sioned officers, selected from the companies at head -quarters, t o proceed on M on day next to Southampton, there to embark for Bombay, to join the companies of Royal Engineers serving in that Presidency. Go 8,„ 1 r Ce a 5 . U 2 N ew 4 .1)° . g ° (It 4 Nt h to b °. 411 Litt tt, b een been Ai ket 1 T 1 be en l'avil With, Whi o Pro v , Itali a t razi: opani