The Sun. — London, England, 1865-06-08 00:00:00

THE 'UNITED STATES• (From the Times Correspondent.) NEW YORK, May 26. East of the Mississippi to the Ohio and the Poto-mac the war is at an end. The people are subju gated, and yield sullen or patient obedience to a power they are unable to resist. No armed force except that of the Federal armies of occupation re mains. The guerilla chiefs and their little bands of " farmers by day and soldiers by night," whose prolonged hostility was threatened by the South and feared by the North, have imitated the wise example set by Generals Lee, Johnston, and Taylor, laid down their arms, and recommenced the cultivation of their long-neglected fields. Many landed proprie tors, hopeless of the future and .of the results of an enforced political and social partnership with a people against whom they exhaust the vocabulary of their hatred when they employ with bitter em phasis the one word, " Yankees," have emigrated across the " Father of Waters" to struggle in Texas as long as they can for the independence of which they see no chances in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, or the Carolinas ; while others, still more despondent, have betaken themselves to Mexico to escape the pains and penalties of their implication in a treason which President Johnson threatens to punish. A vast horde of Northern traders and speculators have rushed southwards to Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and other cities of the long-blockaded interior, to push a traffic in dry goods among a people who have., had no new clothes for four years, and have worn out nearly all their old ones, thinking to draw out the hoarded gold and silver, which is known to exist ; or to receive payment in cotton for the luxuries and necessaties which the Southern people so desperately need. As yet but small success has attended their operations. The country is more exhausted than they imagined. Large districts have reverted into aboriginal wilder nesses. Once populous and flourishing towns are deserted, farmhouses and comfortable country resi dences have disappeared, leaving no trace behind them except the chimney-stack, threatening to fall at every blast of wind, and the charred rafters that proclaim the nature of the ruin that overtook them. The people are sad at heart, and gentlemen who once counted their cotton by thousands of bales are glad if they can earn a daily pittance by light labour in the fields which were formerly their own, or by the odd jobs which a town or city with any life in it can always afford to all who are not too proud to labour with their hands. The negroes, who during the war were for the most part faithful to their masters, have suddenly become restive, insolent, and unmanageable. The negro admires power. He loved his master because the master was, in his eyes, the visible incarnation of wealth and authority ; and, if there was anything he hated, it was a " mean white," " poor white trash," or a " white buckra," not because they were white, but because they had no power and no wealth. And now that their for mer masters are reduced to destitution and misery, the negroes transfer to them the contempt they had for white labourers, take possession of patches of abandoned plantations, turn out the white women and children who have been left behind, and mani fest a disposition which no one can study without serious misgiving of future trouble. - It is under these circumstances that the question of negro slavery having been disposed of, the ques tion of negro suffrage in the South is forced upon attention. Though the war may be ended, the revolution seems only to be at its commencement. The leaders of the Republican and Union, or, as it may now be called with better reason, the anti- Southern party, not contented with the subjugation of the white people of the Gulf States, seem to be afraid that hereafter when it becomes necessary to proceed in the usual course to the election of a new President, the votes of the Southern Democracy, combined with those of the Democracy of the North and West, may secure the election of a pro-Southern President, such as Messrs. Buchanan, Pierce, Polk, Tyler, Fillmore, and others within the last 30 years, and so relegate the now triumphant Republicans to the cold shade of opposition. To prevent such a catastrophe, it is proposed to enfranchise the eman cipated negroes and give every man of them a vote, without reference to property, to intellect, or to character. It is calculated that the whole negro vote of the South would thus be cast in favour of the party by whose successful exertions they had re ceived the gift of freedom ; and that the Democracy would be permanently, or at least for several presi dential terms, excluded from office. No less a per sonage than Chief Justice Chase, virtually a more dignified and powerful public functionary than the President himself, has made a tour of the South, and publicly recommended this portentous revolution. He has addressed audiences of white men, and still more numerous audiences of black men, to both of whom he has insisted that herein alone lies the future safety of the Republic. To the whites he has recom mended negro suffrage as a measure of policy; to the blacks he has eulogised it as their indefeasible right. Whatever may be thought in other countries of the wisdom of giving votes to millions of newly-eman cipated slaves who have almost as little notion of po litical duties as the cattle upon the plantations, with which they have up to this time been co-labourers, the scheme of Chief Justice Chase is utterly at vari ance with the Constitution of the United States ; a document that must be supposed to be stillvalid, in asmuch as Mr. Jefferson Davis is to be solemnly tried for a breach of it. Each State of the Union, acting by its own Legislature, has the exclusive right to regulate the suffrage among its citizens. In some of the States universal suffrage exists. In other States there is, as in England, a property qualification ; in others a property combined with an educational test; in others negroes, though as free as Mr. Lincoln made them, are absolutely disqualified from voting ; and in others again, as in the great State of New York, negroes are only allowed to vote on proof of their possession of a certain annual income or amount of property—a limitation which does not apply to the white people, nor prevent the poorest and most illi terate Irish day labourer from depositing his ballot. The Constitution prohibits the Federal Government from interfering with this and other matters in the States ; but Mr. Chase coolly sets aside this provi sion. The President, however, does not appear dis posed to follow where Mr. Chase would lead him. He is for the present a friend of State rights, and yesterday stated, in reply to a delegation which visited him on the subject, that in his opinion " the question of negro suffrage ought to be left to the decision of the loyal white population of the States interested." Although this modification of Mr. Chase's views admits the theoretical right of the States to have exclusive cognisance of this important matter, it is but little less of a revolution than Mr. Chase would inaugurate, if by loyal men is meant the very small and almost infinitesimal minority of Southern citizens who had courage enough during the existence of the Confederacy to set th‘mselves in opposition to the public opinipn of the majority, and, through evil repute, through danger, imprison ment, and the fear of death, to swear by the old flag, and yield neither allegiance nor obedience to the de facto Government of Mr. Jefferson Davis. The South was punished and warred against by the North bec ause, being a minority, it refused to obey the voice of the majority and accept Mr. Lincoln as President, legally and duly elected. If Mr. John son, on the plea of disloyalty, to be explained and measured by him, disfranchises by his mere will and pleasure the majority of the Southern people, what becomes of the fundamental principle which the North affects to hold so sacred, and by which alone it seeks to justify all the severities and horrors of th e war? If the majority are to rule in the States of the North, and the minority in the States of the South, the question of negro suffrage is as likely to breed future wars and dissension as the question of negro slavery. 'The evidence for the prosecution against llarrold, Payne, Mrs. Surratt, Dr. Mudd, and the other real or alleged accomplices and confidants of Wilkes Booth in the assassination of Mr. Lincoln, has been brought to a close, and that for the defence entered upon. Although it is asserted that some of the evi dence has been temporarily suppressed, there does not appear in the voluminous depositions of the va rious witnesses examined, so far aspublished, a single statement sufficient to fix upon Mr. Jefferson Davis, Mr. Clement C. Clay, Mr. Beverley Tucker, and the other gentlemen so rashly accused by the War Department and the President, any guilty know ledge, or any knowledge whatever, of Wilkes Booth and his plot. If there be such evidence in the pos session of the authorities they owe it to themselves not to conceal it, in order that they may justify to the public theirunretracted charge of subornation of murder against political opponents, who in all the private relations of life have hitherto conducted themselves without reproach. Mr. Jefferson Davis, it appears, is not treated in prison as if he were a mere rebel, but is submitted to worse indignities than are reserved for the mostbrutal murderers. A state ment in two Philadelphia newspapers,, published this evening, not only confirms the previous reports - that he is confined in a dark dungeon in Fortress Monroe, closely guarded day and night by two sentinels, who are forbidden to exchange a word with him, or to allow him to speak if so inclined, and denied the use of light, or the solace of books and writing mate rials ; but adds that he has been manacled, and his legs secured by a chain three feet long ; that he re sisted the outrage, and was violently thrown on his back while a blacksmith performed the work, and that he piteously requested to be put to death rather than be so degraded. It is to be hoped, for the honour of the American Government, that this story is not true, and that President Johnson will not suffer his Administration to be guilty of such dastardly treatment of a man who was for four years the chief magistrate of six millions of people. America cannot afford to treat Mr. Davis in this manner. The whole world will cry shame if the story be true. There are courts of honour and of conscience outside the limits of Fede ral America, and in those courts Mr. Johnson will be tried and condemned if this indeed be the con duct which he authorises or permits towards a fallen adversary, once so high and now so low, and who has yet to be proved guilty of a single act that should render him unworthy of the companionship of gentlemen. Bath and West of England Society's Meeting. HEREFORD, Wednesday. Beaming weather and cheap railway fares have brought an influx of visitors sufficient to insure the financial succer of the meeting, though numbers like those last year at Bristol are not to be looked for in this rural district. There are yet two days re maining for the million, or, more correctly speaking, for the 20,000 or 30,000 persons who, with the shil ling fee, or with children's at 6d. each, or school children's tickets az 3d. each, are expected to throng the show ground ; and on all sides we hear congra tulations addressed to the zealous volunteer managers and to the stewards of the nine different depart ments, all acting independently of each other and all with special ability and public spirit meriting the confidence which the western counties have placed in them. The judges of pigs, Messrs. J. Turner and J. Wippell, found an excellent though rather short collection. Mr. Duckering's first prize Lincolnshire boar is remarkable for a tremendous frame and great weight ; the young large breed boars make a very good class, Mr. Yells' Berkshire being a perfect beauty. The large breed sows form an uncom monly fine class, Mr. Duckering's sow being wonder ful for size, thickness, and depth, combined with ex treme fineness of offal. Among the small-breed pigs, Mr. H. Beevor's black boar is of rare form and splendid quality. The breeding sows comprise some very choice animals, and the Earl of Radnor's young Coleshill sows are splendid for their age. The poultry judges, Messrs. Hewitt and Ballence, report an unusually good show of birds, every class being good. The Spanish fowls are magnificent— indeed an incomparable class. Among them may be mentioned the birds of Viscountess Holmesdale, Capt. Heaton, Mr. Wright, Mr. Beldon, and Mr. Fowler. Coloured Dorkings are fully up to the mark, Viscountess Holmesdale, Capt. Lane, and Mr. Fowler exhibiting pens of exceedingly fine and heavy birds. The white Dorkings are few but meri torious, Coloured cochins make a grand display, Mr. Tomlinson's and Capt. Heaton's being uncom monly fine specimens, of tremendous size and per fection in feather ; and the white cochins are in no way inferior to their coloured relatives; indeed, Mr. Zurhorst's first prize birds are, perhaps, the best ever seen. The strength of the game fowls is with the black-breasted reds, Mr. Fletcher, Mr. SlAtter, Mr. Lee, and others, showing splendid birds in a. particularly grand class. Brahmapootras are grow ing in public favour ; and the pens shown by Mr. Lacy, Mr. Fowler, Mrs. Hargreaves,-and Mr. Boyle, are specially good specimens of what may be made of this noble breed. The Hamburg classes are very beautiful, the greatest merit lying with the golden and silver spangled. The Polands, always brilliant and attractive, are in comparatively small force, the best being the black with white crests. Many visitors linger with curious pleasure about the pens of " any other variety," including white Spanish, silky negroes, magpie tanfans, and other oddities. The classes for Spanish, Dorking, and game chickens are very scantily filled, as might be ex- , petted from the time of year at which the show is held. There is a capital competition in the game sweepstakes class, and also in the cochin sweepstakes class. The bantams are not very numerous, but many of rare merit, particularly the gold lace and game varieties. ' Mr. Fowler, Mr. Woods, Mr. Rod bard, and Mr. Boyle, exhibit grand pens of Ayles bury and Rouen ducks, and Mr. Kellaway's East Indians are extremely good specimens of the breed. There are only two pens of geese, both very good. Turkeys are in force ; Mr. Fowler, Mr. Zurhorst; Mr. Norman, and others contributed very fine birds. Guinea fowls are not often so numerous at shows as we find them here, and these are nearly all good specimens. Messrs. Cottle and Harrison Weir, who may be considered our standard judges of pigeons, had nearly a hundred entries to inspect and value. The carriers are fine, though not very numerous ; the almond tumblers of unusual merit ; pouters good ; runts very heavy and not too coarse ; j acobins ex tremely handsome. The fantails seem more prettily grotesque than ever ; the pouters are particularly good, both owls and the feather-footed trumpeters are in large numbers, and barbs of great value are shown. There is no lack of merit either with the turbits, nuns, dragoons, or little archangels, and, then, in the class for any other varieties, we find some charming lace-fantails, with a few Swiss, Vic torias, and swallows. Altogether the feathered classes are by far the best yet seen at one of the Society's shows. A novelty in this day's proceedings (as the com petitive sheep-shearing was on Monday) has been the horse-shoeing at portable forges, and if it be true that nine out of ten cases of foot lameness arise from bad shoeing, the Society has done well in thus attracting public interest to the question. When will the village smith understand that, in stead of paring and rasping a horse's foot to fit a shoe, the iron shoe should be made to fit the foot, with an equable bearing all round from heel to heel, just as he likes a leather shoe to sustain and accommodate his own sole with ease and comfort ? When will he admit that an elastic hoof requires the placing of the nails so that the inner heel may expand under weight? The trial was conducted as follows :—The smiths drew lots for the number of the forge, the number of the horses, and the foot to be shod. Each man then made his shoe and the requisite number of nails, the time occupied being from 20 to 30 minutes ; and after inspection by the judges the shoes were fitted and nailed on, the time occupied by each man being noted. The principal points of the performance consist of the time taken to construct the shoe, the level form of the shoe, the situation of the holes, and what is called the ful lering, the proper and even seating of the shoe, the preparation of the foot, the fitting of the shoe, the nailing on, and the time occupied in each of the several operations. Looking round the implement stands before pro ceeding to the trial fields, we observe large assort ments from almost all our principal makers, except ing Burge ss an d Key, whose grass-mowers and reaping-machines have been reserved at home to do honour to the Brentwood show yesterday. The most important improvements are to be found in the long line of portable steam-engines, driving all sorts of barn machinery with ceaseless hum, amid crowds of earnest spectators. Here we have some recent inventions for saving fuel, and thus lessen ing the outlay upon the farmer's best horse. Allen's patent expansion engine, with single cylinder and only one eccentric, is designed for this purpose, and Messrs. Tuxford have just introduced a new form of slide valve into the common portable en gine, by which simple change, without any addi tional moving parts, they declare that they are able to save one-half of the coal ordinarily consumed. The value of this extraordinary improvement can hardly be estimated, seeing that the consequent re duction in the heat of the furnace relieves the fire box from its present rapid rate of destruction, thus conferring upon the engine a much greater degree of durability, a point.of more moment to the agri culturist than even the wonderful economy of fuel. In the trial fields, very conveniently accessible from the yard, we found the grass-mowers noisy and busy, those of Hornsby, Picksley and Sims, Samuelson, and Wood making beautiful work. The grass was afterwards turned and tossed by Nichol son's, Ashby and Jeffery's, Howard's, and other haymakers. In a field of tall unripe rye the reap ing-machines were at work, not including, however, the large three-horse machine of the Beverley Iron and Waggon Company, which has recently•been much improved in general form, as well as in details, rendering it a most effective implement for cutting and delivering a great acreage of cropping per day. The hand delivery sheafing machines were those of Picksley and Sims, Burrow, Samuelson, and Woods, all constructed with the tipping platform. Barber's combined reaper and mower has two seats—one for the driver, the other for the raker-off who delivers the cut corn out of the way of the next track ; and there is an arrangement for lowering the reel as well as the cutter-bar without slackening the band which drives the reel. The greatnovelty in this department is Hornsby's self-delivery sheafing reaper. In this ingenious machine the cut corn, guided by hand rake, falls upon a tipping platform made of parallel slats ; and when this is depressed by the work man's foot the corn is caught by fingers upon end less chains which traverse between the slats, and so delivered upon the ground in a neat squarely laid bundle or sheaf. As the chains are arranged in a diagonal position, upon a fixed horizontal plat form, and the slats of the upper tipping platform are also diagonal to match, the corn is delivered behind the machine, and completely out of the way of the next track. In an adjoining field we saw Carson and Toone's horse-hoe, cleaning a piece of very thistley swedes ; and a neighbouring lea ground was the scene of per formances with Hunt and Pickering's plough and cultivator, Ball's plough, Eddy's turnwrest plough, Ransomes and Sim's prize ploughs and jointed harrows, and Howard's champion ploughs, the latest improvement being a digging breast to shatter the soil, in imitation of steam husbandry, leaving the graceful mould board, to be used only for a few special purposes. Steam cultivation, which has attracted great num bers of spectators both yesterday and to-day, is re presented by Messrs. Fowler's eight-horse engine-set of apparatus, with three-furrow plough and digger, and Messrs. Howard's ten-horse engine, with three furrow plough and cultivator. Both have accom plished very deep and perfect tillage upon a hard loam soil, to the great satisfaction of west-country farmers, and, we suppose, with good business results to the exhibitors. Messrs. Aveling and Porter'srope carriages, travelling with the wire rope and uphold ing it off the ground, are valuable improvementsupon the old stationary porters, and they are attached and removed as required in the easiest possible manner. A large concourse of listeners gathered round the two military bands this afternoon. The Fine Arts Courts were well , filled, and everybody found vast comfort at the admirable refreshment booths of Mr. Mountford, the Society's purveyor. The annual banquet is to be held at 5 o'clock in the large pavi lion, the president, Lord Taunton, in the chair. Naval and Military Intelligence. The Royal Sovereign, turret-ship, started at an early hour yesterday morning from Spithead on the first day's experimental cruize off the Isle of Wight, under the supervision of Capt. Astley C. Key, C.B. She returned to Spithead in the evening. Commander Charles G. Nelson, late of the Ga latea frigate, and the Rolla training brig, has been appointed by the Admiralty to the command of the Ranger, 5, screw gun-vessel, on the west coast of Africa, vice Commander W. E. Gordon, invalided, and not to the Torch, as erroneously stated in The Sun of yesterday. The training brig Ferret, Lieut, Commander Mansell, tender to her Majesty's training ship Bos cawen, in Southampton Water, sailed yesterday from the Solent on a cruise to the western ports. Her Majesty's ironcased ship Research, Captain Arthur Wilmhurst, returned to Woolwich on Tues day, after testing under seaway Commander Scott's iron gun carriage and slide, which were worked with simple mechanical appliances by nine men, in competition with the proposed new pattern wooden carriage worked by 19 men. The old service pat tern carriages, which are likewise of wood, were taken as the standard for comparison. After firing 60 rounds the new pattern wooden carriage shoed signs of weakness and one of the service pattern be came disabled, while Commander Scott's carriage, which was worked with greater rapidity, andfired 68 rounds, exhibited no signs of weakness or defect. The iron screw steamship Achilles, 20, Captain Edward W. Vansittart, was placed alongside the sheer hulk in Hamoaze on Tuesday, and had her bow mast taken out. Yesterday morning she was taken to Keyham-yard, prepaiatory to going into the basin to be docked and have defects:made good. It is understood that she will be tried first with her remaining three masts in their present position. Should it be found necessary to shift them consider able time must be expended in that operation. The screw steamship Urgent, which left Ports mouth on Monday, arrived at Plymouth on Tuesday afternoon, and was appointed to embark the 71st Regt. yesterday afternoon for conveyance to Ireland. The screw steam sloop Amazon, 4, launched at Pembroke on the 23d May, left Milford on Tuesday afternoon, in charge of Commander Paul, and in tow of the paddle-wheel steam sloop Sphinx. She was expected last evening at Plymouth. A number of Capt. Rodger's patent, indented, small palmed anchors having been ordered by the Ad miralty to be supplied to the Channel fleet the test was yesterday commenced under the hydraulic ma chinery at Woolwich. One of the anchors, weighing 59cwt. 3qrs., was proved with a strain of 72 3-16 tons, which is equal to 24 1-16 tons, or 50 per cent. above the usual Admiralty test of 48* tons. The permanent set of the first arm was of an inch, and that of the second 1-16 only. The whole of the anchors are manufactured by the North Field Iron and Steel Company at Rotherham, in Yorkshire. The Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief has ap proved Capt. Brookes, of the 41st Regiment, joining the service companies of his corps on completing a course of musketry instruction at Hythe. One ser geant and 120 rank and file of the 41st Regiment are under orders at Colchester to join the service companies of the regiment for the purpose of em barking for India. Lieut. Halahan, of the 44th Regiment, has joined the depot at Colchester. The following appointments were made at the Admiralty yesterday :—Com Ralph P. Cator, to the Pelican ; Lieut. Andrew J. Kennedy, to be Lieut. in command of the Spider, vice Nott, promoted ; and the Hon. Richard Hare, to be Lieutenant and to command the Sharpshooter, vice Claver ing, promoted ; George Gilpin, master, to the Constance ; Henry. P. Ward, master, to the trethu_sa ; Thomas Pounds, master to the Octavia ; Henry S. Gibson, paymaster, to the Formidable ; Robert 11. Bullen, paymaster, to tho Octavia ; Thomas A. Thomas, paymaster, to the Constance ; T. W. S. Meane, paymaster, to the Arethusa ; George Wooldridge, assist.-paymaster, to the Octavia ; William A. Westaway, assist-paxmaster, to the Frederick William ; Corbet C. Mwards, assist.-paymaster, to the Constance ; William W: Blayney, assist-paymaster to the Arethusa ; Henry A. Scrivener, assist.-paymaster, to the Constance ; Thomas Seccombe, surg., to the Constance ; James J. Martin, surg., to theArethusa ; William Richard son, surg., to the Octavia ; Stephen Sweetman, assist.-surg., to the Constance ; Henry A. Close, assist-Burg., to the Arethusa ; William Graham, assist.-surg., to the Octavia ; John T. Williams, appointed chief engineer additional of the Cumber land, for charge of engineers of the Lord Warden ; Robert Highet, first-class assist.-engineer, to the Terrible, in lieu of the chief stoker, vice Ford ; Kenneth M'Kenzie, clerk to the Arethusa ; Charles J. Pausey, clerk, to the Octavia ; Richard Cornish, clerk, to the Constance ; George James Colville, assist-clerk, to the Arethusa ; George M. Hayes, assist.-clerk, to the Octavia ; Lawrence Stewart, assist.-clerk, to the Constance ; and Douglas S. R. Hammond, nominated to a cadetship. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. CHELMSFORD SUMMER MEETING. WEDNESDAY. A more glorious day could not have been desired for the celebration of the sport which came off yesterday on Galley wood Common. The meeting clashing with Manchester and Wye was an unfortunate thing for its success, and the attendance consequently showed a marked falling off in comparison with last year. The home stables were of course represented, hutmany Northerners who would have sent candidates were busily occupied at the Cottonopolis. The Stand and enclosures were moderately filled, the fielders being so strongly represented that the most zealous had to be unusually industrious to find customers. The sport was of the ordinary character, and calls for no special comment. The Two-Year-Old Stakes was won by a very promising looking colt, called Cecrops, who upset the pot which was put on Cesarewitch. The Chelmsford Handicap was in favour of the gentlemen, who mostly stood Lucky Star, who won, after a fine finish with The Eland. Full details are appended The Trial Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 50 added, for all ages; weight for age; with maiden and selling allow ances. Three-quarters of a mile. Mr. Tenßroeck's Menace, 4 yrs, 9st 51b (£100) (Fordham 1 Mr. Fleming's Camillus, 3 yrs, 7st 121 b (£100) (Carter 2 Mr. John Graham's Truant, 2 yrs, Est (£100) (Elphick 3 Betting-6 to 4on Menace, and 2to 1 agst Truant. Camillus made play, with Menace in close attendance, until half way up the distance, when the favourite took the lead, and won easily by a length. Truant, who broke a blood-vessel, walked in third. There was no advance on the selling price of the winner. The Great Baddow Two-yr-old Stakes of 10 says each, h ft, with 50 added ; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b ; penalties and maiden allowances. Half a mile. (20 subs.) Mr. Fleming's Cecrops, Bst 51b (Cartel 1 Captain W. H. Cooper's Cesarewitch, Bst 71b ( Daley 2 Mr. G. Newton's Pinchbeck, Bst 21b (J. Mann 3 Cairngorm, The Squire, and Mary Hill also ran. Betting-6 to son Cesarewitch, sto 1 each agst Cecrops and Pinchbeck, 8 to 1 agst Cairngorm, and 10 to 1 agst Mary Hill. A long delay occurred at the post, chiefly caused by the fractiousness of Mary Hill, who eventually jumped the bank and rails and threw Deacon, who fortunately was not hurt. Cairngorm jumped away with the lead, Cesarewitch close up, followed by Cecrops, The Squire bringing up the rear. After going about 200 yards Cecrops took up the run ning and headed Cesarewitch. Halfway up the hill Cairn gorm gave way to Pinchbeck, who, however, failed to reach the two leaders, Cocrops defeating Cesarewitch cleverly by three-quarters of a length ; three lengths separated the second and third. Cairngorm was fourth, The Squire fifth, and Mary Hill last. The Galleywood Stakes of 5 says each, with 40 added, for all ages ; weight for age ; with selling allowances. Mr. Bevill's Usher 4 yrs, ist 121 b (£5O) (Mr. W. Bevil) 1 Mr. Hodgman's Voivode filly, 2 yrs, sst 111 b (£5O) (Heart field) 2 Mr. Hickman's The Leader, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (£3O) (Loates) 3 Betting-6 to 4on the Lady Avon filly, and 100 to 80 each agst Usher and The Leader. The Leader held a mo mentary advantage, but was quickly deprived of the lead by the Lady Avon filly, who carried on the running to the distance, where Usher came out, and ran home an easy winner by three lengths ; the loader a bad third. The winner was bought in for 100 guineas. The Chelmsford Handicap of 15 sovs each, 5 ft, with 100 added ; winners extra ; about 7 furlongs. (49 subs., 19 of whom paid 2 sovs each.) Captain Machell's Lucky Star, 4 yrs, Est 71b (Mordan 1 Mr. Beardman's The Eland, 3 yrs, Est (Elphick 2 Mr. Naylor's Quarantine, 4 yrs, Est 131 b (Sayers 3 The following also ran :—Troublesome, King George, Erin-go-Bragh, Sister Mary, and Quill. Betting-7 to 4 agst Lucky Star, 100 to 30 agst The Eland, 8 to 1 each agst King George and Quarantine, 10 to 1 agst Erin-go-Bragh, and 20 to 1 agst Sister Mary. After atrifling delay a•good start was effected, Lucky Star with a slight lead making play, followed by Quarantine and The Eland, wide of whom followed troublesome on the near side, the ruck being brought up by King George and Quill. They ran with little variation till nearing the distance, where The Eland headed Lucky Star, with whom Quarantine was close up. Within the distance the three placed drew away from the others, and though half way up the rails The Eland appeared to have the best of the struggle. Lucky Star ran the longest, and " coming" again in the last few strides won a fine race by a neck; Quarantine was a bad third, a wide interval separating him from Troublesome, King George, and Erin-go-Bragh, who were in a cluster in the order named. Quill was beventh, and Sister Mary last. The Marks Hall Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 25 added, for two-year-olds ; colt; Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b ; the win- ner to be sold for 50 sovs. Straight half mile. Mr. Meredith's Maid of Usk, Bst 71b (Payne) 1 Mr. Hodgman's Catherine, Bst 71b (Morins) 2 Mr. Child's Frileuse, Bst 71b (Loates) 3 Truant also ran. Betting-6 to 5 agst Maid of Usk, 7t04 on Catherine, and 6to 1 agst Truant. Maid of Usk cut out the work, folloived by Frileuse and Catherine, but the Maid was never headed and won cleverly by half a length; the samo between second and third. The winner was bought in for 170 gs. The Town Plate (handicap) of 50 sovs, for 3-yr-olds and upwards ; winners extra. One mile. Mr. J. Wood's Sir Roger, 4 yrs, Bst 91b (Dalai 1 Mr. T. Hughes' Vigil, 6 yrs, 7st (Prior 2 Mr. J. Nightingall's Walloon, a, Bst 71b (J. Nightingall 3 Veluti and Scylla also ran. Betting-5 to 4on Veluti, and 4to 1 each agst Sir Roger and Vigil. MANCHESTER SUMMER MEETING.—WEDNESDAY. The Trial Handicap of 3 soya each, with 50 added ; for all ages ; winners extra. One mile and a quarter. 13 subs. Mr. E. Buckley's Success, 3 yrs, Est 131 b (J. ilrimshaw) 1 Mr. J. Osborne's Lady of Coverdale, 3 yrs, Est 131 b _ . (Carroll) 2 Mr. J. Barber's Lady Bohun, 4 yrs, Bst 51b (J. Snowden) 3 The following also ran :—Pas d'Extase, Queen of Trumps, and East Stanley. _ Betting-2 to 1 agst Success, 9to 4 agst Lady of Cover dale, 100 to 30 agst Lady Bohun, and 10 to 1 bar three. They were started at the first attempt, Lady of Coverdale and Lady Bohun showing slightly in front ; but upon reaching the enclosure Lady Bohun was pulled into the ruck, and Pas d' Extase took second place, Lady of Cover dale proceeding with a clear lead, Lady Bohun following in the rear of Pas d' Extase, and East Stanley going on fourth, Success fifth, and Queen of Trumps last. Half-a mile from home Success drew into a more forward posi tion, and before reaching the turn into the straight took third place, where he remained until arriving at the dis tance post. There he joined Lady of Coverdale, and the pair raced home well together, Success winning easily by a length ; a similar distance separated the second and third, and a length also divided the third and fourth. Queen of Trumps, and East Stanley, who never took any prominent part in the race, was beaten off. The Sapling Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 100 added, for 2-yr-olds ; colts, sst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b; the second to receive 25 sovs ; winners extra. T.Y.C. 14 subs. Mr. J. Osborne's Black Jacket, Bst 101 b (J. Osborne 1 Mr. Copeland's The Danneborg, Bst 101b...(J. Snowden) 2 Mr. Tittensor's Lady Constance, Bst 71b (S. Adams 3 Betting-5 to 2on Black Jacket, who made the whole of the running, and won cleverly by a length. Five lengths separated the second and third. The Union Cup (Handicap), of 200 sovs in specie, added to a sweepstakes of 5 sovs each ; winners extra. The second to receive .£25 out of the stakes ; winners extra . About one mile and a quarter. 37 subs. I Lord Bateman's Mousley, 4 yrs, Bst (J. Grimshaw 1 Mr. J Osborne's Wild Poppy, 3 yrs, Est (carried Est 21b (Carroll 2 Lord Stamford's Gemma, 6 yrs, Bst 51b (J. Dome 3 The following also ran :—Charming Woman, Donny brook, The Clown, East Lynne, and Filbert. Betting-5 to 2 agst Gemma, 4to 1 agst Mousley, 3to 1 agst Donnybrook, 8 to 1 agst Charming Woman, and 10 to 1 each agst The Clown and East Lynne (although 4 to 1 was at first taken about the last-mentioned horse). Moulsey jumped away in front, followed for three quarters of a mile by The Clown and East Lynne, when the latter dropped back, and at the distance The Clown also gave way to Gemma l ind Wild Poppy. Mr. Osborne's filly came with a rush opposite the stand, and though she overhauled Gomm, could never reach Moulsey, who, after making all tho run ning, won in a canter by four lengths. A neck separated the second and third, and three lengths divided the third and fourth, Filbert pulling up, was fifth, Donnybrook sixth, and the two last were The Clown and East Lynne. The Chesterfield Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 50 added ; for all ages ; winners extra. One mile. 9 subs. Mr. E. Buckley's Wynnstay, 6 yrs, Bst 101 b (J. Snowden) 1 Lori Bateman's Danaus, 4 yrs, 7st 121 b (J. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. Delaware's Breffin, 3 yrs, Est 51 b (Carroll) 3 The following also ran :—Ross, Desdemona, and Kildare. Betting-6 to 4 agst Breffln, sto 2 agst Danaus, 7to 2 agst Wynnstay. Won by half a length ; a head between second and third. . The Plffllip's Handicap of 60 sovs ;for all ages ; winners extra. About 5 furlongs. Mr. Osborne's Gig, 3 yrs, 7st (Carroll) 1 Mr. Barber's Cutaway, 4yrs, Bst 21b (J. Snowden) 2 Mr. R. H. Jones's Skylark, 4 yrs, Bst E. Harrison) 3 The following also ran :—Well Done, Pleasure Boat, Innisfallen, Crazy Jane, and Silenus. Betting-7 to 4 agst Gig, 3to 1 agst Cutaway, 7to 2 agst Skylark, and 10 to 1 agst any other. The Maiden Plate of 50 sous ; weight for age. One mile and a qUarter. Mr. T. Wadlow's Sahara, 3 yrs, 7st (J. Grimshal 1 Mr. Osborne's Madras, 6st 111 b (Carroll 2 Mr. Sumner's Pas d'E x t ase , 3 yrs, 7st (J . Marson 3 The following also ran :--Sprite, Midwife, Orontes, Fan, and Cargo. Betting-6 to 4 agst Sahara, 7 to 4 agst Madras, and 10 to 1 each agst Sprite and Pas d'Extase. Won by two lengths; three lengths between second and third. WYE RACES-YESTERDAT. LADIES' PLATE. Lydia 1 Mrs. Sommerville 2 Bessie Seven ran. SELLING STAKES. Shamrock Ptarmigan Cloister Five ran. WYE HANDICAP. Claxton Pyrrha 2 Spanish Boy Four ran. OLANTEIGH TOWER STAKES. Brimstone Domino 2 British Tar 3 Nine ran. ASCOT RACES. Acceptances for the Ascot Stakes of 25 sovs each, 15 ft, and only 5 if declared, with 200 added. Two miles and a half. 53 subs ;27 declared. The highest weight accept ing being Bst 71b, it has been raised to Bst 121 b, and the others in proportion. Age st lb Planet ... 4 8 12 Accident ... 5 8 12 Stanton !... a 8 10 Hippolyta 4 8 10 Flatterer ... 4 8 6 Gibraltar ... a 8 5 Tomato ... ...4 8 4 Hollyfox ... 4 8 4 Bally Edmond ... a 8 3 Ethelred ... 4 8 1 Ross ... 6 8 1 Bradamante 4 7 13 Privateer ... ... 4 7 12 Age st lb Alabama. ... 4 7 7 Eleanor ... 5 7 5 Barchettina ... 5 7 4 Nuneaton ... ... 4 7 3 Moose ... 5 7 1 Auricula ... 4 7 1 Sprite ... 4 6 9 The Scheldt 3 6 9 Scarborough. 3 6 9 Auditor ... ... 3 6 5 Cobweb ... ... 3 6 4 Redmire 6 3 Arkansas ... ... 3 5 12 The Charge of Homil de against a Surgeon. Last evening Mr. Humphreys, the Coroner for Eastern Middlesex, held an inquest at the Mile-end Old-town Work house, Bow, on the body of the man who was shot, under the circumstances narrated in The Sun of Tuesday in the report of the Thames Police-court. The body of the man had been identified as that of a ship painter, living in the district, and named Thomas Solomons, and a rumour was current in the neighbourhood that he had been accustomed to visit some one in the house of Mr. Debenham, the sur geon, by whom he was shot. Mr. Lewis, sen., of Ely-place, attended on behalf of Mr. Debenham, and Inspector Hayes watched the case for the Police Commissioners. Francis Keys, who described himself as living in a house the yard of which was at the back of Mr. Debenham's gar den wall, deposed that he well knew deceased, with whom ho was on Monday keeping holiday. The deceased, he stated, was at his house with his father, mother, and sister until about 11 o'clock, when he was desired to go as he was very drunk and it was getting late. Deceased accordingly went, and passed out at the front door, which was locked after him. In cross-examination witness stated that his sister had formed a connexion with the deceased man, by whom she had had a child, but that she had not lived with him of late because he was a married man, though he was a fre quent visitor at their house. He was separated from his wife and was living in lodgings. The sister of this witness was called, and she corrobo rated her brother, and positively asserted that the deceased had never visited her by the back way of the house. Mr. J. F. Sergeant, the assistant to Mr. Debenham, de posed—l sleep at Heath-house, the residence of Mr. Deben ham, and about 12 o'clock on Monday night I was called from my bed by Mr. Debenham, who said that some one was in the garden. I jumped out of bed and followed him to his bedroom, and looking where he pointed I saw a black mass, like a man, crouching near the washhouse. Mr. De benham called out loudly Who are you? If you don't speak I will fire," or " I will shoot." I do not know which he said, but it was to that effect. Mr. Debenheim waited some little time, and then cocked a pistol, which gave a veryloud click. He gave the man plenty of time to answer, and then fired. After firing he said that the man was hit, and we put on our things and went down stairs, where we held a consultation as to whether it would be the better course to go into the garden or for the police, and Mr. De benham decided to go for the police. The Coroner—But you knew the man was hit, why did you not go and see to him ?—Well, we had seen him fall, and we were not sure whether he was or was not shamming. The Coroner—Did you not go and see after the man un til the police came ?—No ; we thought it would be better for me to stay on the premises until the police came. The Coroner—Was this black mass, as you call it, stand ing up or lying down when you saw it before the shot was fired ?—Well, it was crouching by the wall of the house. The witness then wont on to say that when Mr. Deben ham returned with several policemen the back door was unbolted and they all wont into the garden, where the de ceased was found lying with a bullet wound in the temple and quite dead. In cross-examination by the Coroner the witness said that there were plenty of people at the time going up and down the neighbouring thoroughfares, and that he was quite sure Mr. Debenham only called out once before firing. The shot was fired from the second floor. In answer to Mr. Lewis witness stated that during the last three months there had been symptoms of some one trying to break into the house. Did not notice Mr. Deben ham saying ho would fire off the pistol to frighten the man or men. A sketch of the house and of the adjoining premises was here shown, and some speculationwas aroused as to the way the man had got into the garden, most of the walls being very high. W. Stretch, police-constable No, 696, A division, stated —On Monday evening last I was on duty outside Arbour square station, when Mr. Debenham came running towards me, and asked mo to send a constable down to his house. On my asking him what for, he said, "I was in bed, and hearing a noise, I got out, went to the window, and, open ing it, looked out. I there saw a dark figure crouching in the corner near my kitchen window. leaned out, 'Who's thbre ? what do you want ?' several times, but received no answer. I went and called my assistant, and we both looked out of window together. My assistant told me he saw something black in the corner, and, after calling out once or twice ' Who's thore ? what do you want ?' I said, 'lf you don't speak I will shoot you.' I then fired, and I think he fell." Orders were given by the acting inspector that I was to go to the house of Mr. Debenham, and in the garden I found the man, who was warm, but on examination by Mr. Debenham was pronounced to be dead. He had a bullet wound on the left temple, and the shot had gone through the brim of his hat. The hat was produced, as was the weapon with which the death was caused, and which was a, self-acting revolver. Inspector Hayes pointed out by the ground plan of the building that the deceased might, by getting over a five foot wall in the front of the house, gain access to the place where ho was found. Mr. Sergeant was recalled, and, in reply to Mr. Lewis, stated that Mr. Debenham said, when putting on his trousers, after firing the shot, that he fired high to frighten the man. Wm. Baynes, coachman in the employ of Mr. Debenham, recognised the deceased as a man who was often about his master's premises, and whom he had warned away, there having been several attempts at burglary made. Mr. Debenham then said he was willing to answer any questions whish might bo put to him, and, after having been cautioned in due form, he said, in answer to his soli citor—ln firing tho pistol I desired to alarm the man. I pointed it in the direction of the man, but I thought above him. When he fell I thought he was shamming, for he did not moan or groan. • Mr. Lewis—Had you the remotest intention of shooting the man ?—I did not of killing him. I meant the shot to go near him to alarm him. I certainly thought he was getting in at the kitchen window, as I was aroused by a noise like a window going up, and when I spoke the noise ceased, but was renewed when I stepped back into the room. There was a piece of brick knocked out of the wall, as though it had been struck by the bullet, which would then have glanced on to the man. Deceased was a perfect stranger to me, and I am sure he did not come to my premises after anybody in my house. The Coroner said—lt is proved beyond all doubt that the deceased man died from the pistol shot which Mr. Sergeant saw Mr. Debenham fire at that man. In these few words we arrive at the whole case, and the question will arise, under what circumstances was the pistol fired, and what crime has been committed by this act, for crime has undoubtedly been committed in the taking of a man's life. The law holds that homicide is a crime, though it may sometimes be caused under circumstances of so very pecu liar a nature as to take from it the full force of wilful mur der. You have had it in evidence that the premises of Mr. Debenham have been apparently attempted on sundry occasions by burglars, though nothing has ever been missed from the house, and on Monday, the proprietor, roused from his rest by a noise, saw a crouching figure in the garden near the kitchen, which any one might sup pose a burglar making an attempt to enter the house would enter first. Mr. Debenham challenged this per son, and getting no answer calls his assistant, and then, fu Mr. Debenham's own words, he called out for the man to answer, threatening, " I will shot you," and fired the shot which killed the man. Then comes the very serious question for you—what is the magnitude of this crime com mitted by the person who shot the man ? The law holds that to kill is murder, and it is only by the circumstances that the crime is reduced to manslaughter. A man has a right, in defending himself against an attack, and, ifiabso lutely necessary for his own preservation, to take the life of a person ; but he is not justified in taking the life of that person if he could get away without doing so, and before the act of taking life under these circumstances can be called justifiable it must be made perfectly clear that the man killed was about to commit a felony in taking the life of the one opposed to him. I do not think this case can be called a case of that character, even if the man was in the garden for felonious purposes, as the one was inside the house and the other outside. But there is not even the pretence of saying that the man was in the place with a felonious intention, and however disagreeable and painful it may be to me to say so, his being there at that time does not make this a justifiable or even an excusable homicide. It is well laid down no homicide can be justifiable unless there was an urgent necessity for it, for the law does not tolerate a man taking the life of another, and if you find that the man was killed by the shot fired by Mr. Deben ham's hand, you must call it manslaughter. If tho man had been inside the house, loaded with plunder, and had made resistance in defence of that plunder, and attacked the proprietor's life, the homicide then would perhaps be justifiable; but there was nothing of that in this case. Mr. Debenham had owned that he shot the man, and his assis tant saw the shot given, and it had not been hinted even that Mr. Debenham's life was in danger. _ _ The public were excluded from the room, and after a long deliberation they were readmitted, when the Coroner read out a verdict to the effect that the deceased met his death by a shot fired by Robert Debenham, and that such shot was fired to alarm the deceased man. S__-~~ ..._-- ..... rHE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVEAING, JUNE 8, 186 k 1111111111111 SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TnlES.—About the beginning of the reign of Queen Victoria the Oxford Hebdomadal Board was horrified at the prospect of a railway terminus in the University city. The Great Western was coming, and would bring London within an hour of Christ Church. The place would be demoralised, for supervision and discipline wouid become impos sible together. In fact, the University carried the day against the company, and the line was not allowed to come nearer than Didcot. A few years afterwards these fears werelaughed at, and a branch line was constructed from Didcot to Oxford, for the express purpose of undoing what the cautious po licy of the authorities had done. Yet there was real danger at the bottom of the scheme, if anybody had known where to look for it. At this moment, un less public opinion should overrule private conve nience, Oxford will lose one of its most useful cha racteristics, and England one of her greatest orna ments. Those who know Oxford and its needs will hardly believe us when we say that it is actually in contemplation to create and establish a large manu facturing suburb on the skirts of the ancient city. The Great Western, like all other companies, must have its factories at certain points of its line, and it has been proposed to select Oxford as the site of one of these establishments. Let no reader imagine that this means only the introduction of a few workmen with convenient shops and a little nest of cottages. It means a whole new town, with a population large enough for a Parliamentary borough. The first colony or 'plantation will consist of 5,000 people, and it will swell and spread as such settlements always do. Think of the effect upon Oxford—of the factory buildings upon its architecture and atmo sphere, 'of the factory population upon its inmates and character. Of course the University has taken the alarm, and this time the alarmists are cer tainly neither old-world bigots nor antiquated dons. The opposition is led by Professor Goldwin Smith—no great Conservative, or Protectionist, or aristocrat, as most people know. But he sees, as everybody else must see, that Oxford has an indus try and a staple of its own utterly incompatible with that industry which is the staple of a manufacturing town ; and that the introduction of the new business threatens fatal injury to the old. Both things are good in their way, and England may have its Man chester as well as its Oxford, and be proud of both, but the two cannot be brought together. It would be a mistake to build a public school in the centre of Camden station,.and it is a mistake to establish large railway factories in the suburb of a city of colleges. The fears of the colleges have been loudly expressed, and very reasonably conceived. No per son acquainted with the subject would deny the danger impending over the academical city from this new, populous, and most uncongenial suburb. Ox ford would become a university in a manufacturing city—the last place in which a university should be established ; its students would be lost in the crowd of a large and motley population. These are not slight evils, and they naturally loom largely and ominously in the eyes of the university authorities. But there is another aspect of the case, in which all England is very directly interested. Oxford is one of the most beautiful and impressive cities, not only in this country, but in the world. To plant these factories on its ground would be equivalent to planting a brick kiln in the middle of Hyde-park. The external effect of the university would be lost, and the country cannot afford to lose it. " The beauty," says Mr. Goldwin Smith, " of our old aca demic and historic cities is a national possession, and one which grows more precious in proportion as the noise and smoke of manufacturing and commer cial industry spread over the other cities of the land. It contributes, with our other historic monuments, to that part of the greatness of the national charac ter which springs from the influences of the past. It is a part even of the talisman of our most en during Empire; for its image continues with the great works of English intellect and the glories of English history to preserve the hold of England, as the sacred centre of the Anglo-Saxon race, on the hearts of Anglo-Saxon communities dispersed over the world. We can scarcely cast the reproach of dollar-grinding on any other people if we spoil, for the sake of a very small and doubtful gain, the cas ket ivhich holds not unworthily the national memo ries of a thousand years." These eloquent words express, the Professor thinks, a consideration some what less solid than others which have been indi cated. We beg his pardon. In our opinion they express the consideration which will carry over powering weight with the public at large. Oxford is, indeed, a national possession, and it happens most fortunately that in this commercial age we are becoming more and more alive to the value of such property. We are putting a new value both upon the beauties of nature and the monuments of the past. We are beginning to reverence our forests, our mountains, and, if it be not too late, our streams. We fight for the preservation of our open spaces and commons, and are more than half in clined to think that the Enclosure Commissioners would best discharge their duty by seeing that no such places were enclosed. We stickle for every stone in the Norman church, subscribe for the resto ration of every picturesque ruin, and make a rail way turn aside from a Druidical circle or a Danish barrow. No charge is more fatal nowadays than a charge of Vandalism. Even " restorations" are scrutinized with extreme jealousy lest any feature of real antiquity should be effaced. This is not an age in which the grandest group of edifices in the king dom can be ruined with impunity, and the certain disfigurement of historic Oxford is as public a menace as its probable demoralization. We prefer, however, to think that the menace will be found empty, and that the scheme will be promptly dropped. It must have been entertained, we think, without sufficient consideration on the part of the Railway Company. What aggravates the case is the obviously gratuitous nature of the pro ceeding. It cannot be imagined that a few miles in one direction or another could make any diffe rence in the site of the proposed factories. It ap pears to be understood that the whole scheme has been concocted at the instance of some inhabi tants of Oxford,who have been short-sighted enough to speculate on the commercial gains which 5,000 new corners might bring, without also calculating the rates which a low class of mechanics might en tail on the city. The Corporation, it is said, can make an advantageous sale of city land ; and the tradespeople, or some of them, anticipate an increase of custom. They must have been undeceived, we think, by the discussions which the plan has already provoked in Oxford itself. No manufacturing suburb could ever be to Oxford what the University is, and it would be the height of folly to jeopardise an in valuable advantage for the sake of a doubtful one. But for the colleges, Oxford would be of about as much account as Abingdon. We think we cannot be wrong in supposing that the railway authorities, many of whom are gentlemen of taste and feeling, on learning the views not only of the University but of the public, will reconsider the proposal to which they have been imprudently invited. They cannot have any interests of their own at stake, for they can set ,up their factories at one point as easily as another. It is not to be doubted that, if any danger of this kind could have been anticipated, Parliament, which stopped the line at Didcot, would have provided pre cautions against something far more formidable than a railway terminus. But there can be no wish on the part of the Great Western Company to fly gratuit ously in the teeth of public opinion, and we antici pate with confidence that the scheme will be grace fully dropped. POST.—In presence of the events which have re cently taken place in America no course was open to her Majesty's Government but that which has now been taken by the Foreign Secretary. The ex-Pre sident of the Southern Confederacy a prisoner at the mercy of the Federal Government ; the Ad ministration of which he was the chief finally dis solved; the armies on which the infant Republic relied for its establishment and protection routed and dispersed ; the population of at least all that region east of the Mississippi prepared to yield a passive obedience to the established' authorities— the Foreign Secretary may with justice say that " her Majesty's Government cannot but consider the civil war in North America as at an end ;" and, acting "in conformity with this opinion, her Ma jesty's Government recognise that peace has been restored within the whole territory of which the United States of North America before the com mencement of the civil war were in undisputed possession." The refusal of the Government to accord any longer to the Confederate Government and people the status and rights of belligerents, will, however, give pain or offence to none, b ecaus e even the most hopeful a n d sangu i ne o f Southerners could not contend that, as matters at present stand, the people of the slaveholding States are in a position to question, much less successfully to resist, the autho rity of the Government at Washington. The civil war is at an end. So said Gen. Lee when he endea voured to induce Grant to consent to terms for a peace between the two sections of the Republic, and, failing to do so, surrendered his army. So said Gen. Johnston when, by direction of Mr. Davis, be con eluded with Sherman terms of a similar nature to those proposed by Lee, but which were subsequently repudiated by the Federal Government. So said the President of the Confederacy himself, when he fled from his foes and sought a refuge, which he failed to find, in the woods of Georgia. So said the generals and commanding officers of every army, or division, or brigade in the Confederate service, save one, when they laid down their swords and expressed, as w ell on their own behalf as on that of the troops they commanded, their willingness to submit to the esta blished Government. And so say the English Govern ment, and so will say the Governments of all neutral States. The war is at end. There is no nation at war with the United States, and there is, conse quently, none to whom we can accord a belligeren t status. That peace—at least as that word is under stood in the code of international law—is established in every portion of the United States, save Texas, is an indisputable fact, and that fact the Govern ments of neutral States cannot possibly ignore.., It is, however, the practical application made by her Majesty's Government of the conclusions forced upon them by recent events which specially merits attention. As a result of the recognition of the belligerent status of the Southern Confederacy we accorded to its privateers the same privilege ° extended to the vessels of war sailing under the flag of the United States. Being desirous of observing the strictest neutrality between the belligerents, we recognised no distinction between the cruisers of the Iry l Federations, and admitted both to our ports ell identical conditions. If a Federal and a Confede rate vessel cf war were simultaneously in an y of our harbours, we permitted neither to follow the other on her departure within the space of twenty-for hours. Though ignoring the political . existence of the Southern Confederacy, we acknowledged its flag , and accepted as valid the commissions issued to its, naval officers by the individual chosen as its ch ief magistrate. Our justification for adopting this course was obvious, and was never seriously called in question by the Federal Government. But now , the causes which compelled us to regard as properl commissioned vessels of war the privateers whie sailed under the Confederate flag, having ceased t ° operate, the recognition, with its attendant privi" leges, is withdrawn. This is the substance of the instructions conveyed by the Foreign Secretary t° the authorities of her Majesty's ports and harbours in his circular note published in Tuesday's Gazet te ' Henceforth, the Confederate flag cannot be recog nised, and any vessel of war sailing under it will be o refused admission to British ports. If, at the tiut when these orders are received, a Confederate vess el of war should happen to be in any British port, the ',. authorities are instructed to require her to deP a r o forthwith ; it being, however, provided that, in event of a Federal vessel of war being also in the same port, an interval of twenty-four hours inur, elapse between the departure of the two vesser; The concluding paragraph of the circular prov id e_ that vessels of war sailing under the Confedera7 flag either now in British ports, or which 511° f enter them within a month after the receip t °, the circular, shall be at liberty to disarm and i; vest themselves of their belligerent character, a% be .thenceforth entitled to claim from the Eng l 7 Government only the same protection as is actord_d to the merchant or private vessels of foreign St aw , in time of peace. It is expressly stated that W.l.' disarmament must be at the risk of the vessel dl; arming, by which is meant that, on leaving ° waters, such vessel cannot claim either the 24 how grace hitherto accorded to vessels of war, or all protection from her Majesty' s G overn ment agai n molestation on the high seas. Earl Russell's elr e "; lar will no doubt satisfy the Government of tP tt United States that there is no unwillingness 1 1 1 ) , ° a our part to admit the fact that they have suceee ue a t in vindicating their authority,- find that there i s , least on the ocean none who can legitimately P r o f claim themselves their foes. The Governmen t . d , the Confederacy having ceased to exist, the conn ni f o sions under which their naval officers have hith erL, acted have legally and practically become null void. No justification could therefore henceforwal: be urged by those in command of Confed erate privateers for capturing or destroying Americil,o merchant shipping ; and if they persisted in doinb so it would not be difficult to contend that their ac ts were not of a piratical character. In acknowlediq i however,that peace has been re-established throug u ; out the entire territory of the United States, I ° o apprehend that the Foreign Secretary has fallen l° l . o an error, though not one which at all affects t o , determination arrived at by the Government in 1 . .. 5 spect to Confederate privateers. The circular bea're date on the 2d of the present month, the day bef o mail conveying Mr. Johnson's recent proclaul. ti thel3 tion reached this country. In that proclaniat?-°e' however, the President specially admits the belhg es rent status of the population of Texas, and declarlt the ports of that State to be closed by blockade., it , is therefore a little singular, to say the least of v that the English Foreign Secretary should offtela b, declare that peace has been re-established thro n g v t out the length and breadth of the United States, oa time when the President proclaims a blocka d . o t the ports of Texas, and claims to exercise ag i . a fof neutrals rights which can only arise from a atrere war. The incongruity between the Foreign o e + i o n tary's circular and President Johnson's proclainal we confess ourselves unable to explain. COUNTRY MARKETS HULL.—TUESDAY. I, 10 4 At our market to-day there was a rather limited 0--k° English wheat f which sold at the rates of last vret„Tht foreign nothing doing. Barley and beans both e's'a e per qr. cheaper. Oats and peas unchanged. The. 9, 1 10' linseed has ruled firm, without any alteration i n &Ile' The high price of rapeseed prevents business being Linseed cakes in limited demand at £9 per ton. SAL URY.— T UESDAY. 0 .0 1 At to-day's market lSß the attendance was less )21100139 0 than last week. A moderate supply of wheat Was % a rid for which previous currencies were required. In be fore' nothing doing, quotations for grinding remaining aL; g t a , A limited business was done in oats, the tendency ri:rale` lower figures. Beans and peas moved off slowly at - figures. For flour the demand ruled inactive. A The following are the quotations :—Wheat 4„ d o ' 36s to 43s ; barley, 26s to 30s ; oats, 21s to 30s ; b e r o al to 46s ; and peas, 34s to 48s per qr. Winter tares, 4rto to lls per bushel ; Best bread, 10d ; household c1.33' per 81b loaf. MARKET HARBOROUGH.—TuEstaIr• Aocee At our market to-day there was a limited attell' an I wheat sold slowly at ls per qr. lower. P er New white wheat, 40s to 45s ; new red, 370 to 41 0 er ci • stone. Barley, fine, 35s ; other kinds, 26s to 2 9 ,,,, 6 I' s, old , Oats, new, 21sto 23s ; old, 25s to 288 per qr. Bea t 40s to 425; new, 34s to 38s per qr. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.—TtrEsDAY• 0 8 0 3 At to-day's market th ere was a mo derate supplY °f and trade was steady at Saturday's rates. LYNN.—TUESDAY. en nal iCb - be During the last few days the temperature ha s , et to - 0 cid higher, with a south-west wind. At our raar,'" r a 5!:,.;- the attendance was moderate. There was ra t ' $ e%F_Yeci show of wheat, for which a steady demand witouppol' enced at last week's rates. spring corn fully bite, last Tuesday's prices. 010 11 v for New wheat, 45s to 47s ; new red, 40s to 425 ; Bar ley l es 42s to 43s ; old red, 38s to 41s per 36 stone. os to w malting,:32s to 345; secondary, 30s; ordinary' l oge, per qr. Oats, 20s to 22s per 24 stone. Beans, to 38s ; small, 36s to 40s per 38 stone. Births. of C/4)- BROWN.—On the 3d inst., at Cheltenham, the wi!erof - tain G. A. Brown, Ist Bengal N. 1., of a daughb,ieA•o6, FEILDING.—On the 6th inst., the Viscountess re' . -1 a daughter. are , tile HART.—On the 6th inst., at 15, Torringt o n_c n wife of Maurice Hart, Esq., of a son, stillborn' Marriages. flal r MARNE—DIGBY.—On the 6th hist , at St Georg3)olls,e' over-square, Richard Marker, inst. of Corof. r e dole' D te e r v o o f n, L t o o rd th a e n H a o L n a . d V y ic D to ig r b ia y .A . lexandriva .., / 401 14 1 , 4 0 SCOTT—PACKE.—On the 6th inst at Twyfor ,„ sco • Edward H. Scott, Es second son of Sir 10 t0 Bart., to Emilia, youngest daughter of tho Col. Henry Packo, Grenadier Guards. BETHELL On the sth inst., at Jersey, Deaths. 11 9 ' 14 of Gren— ville House, Bath, aged 64. ucle r CLAY.—On the sth inst., at Herrington Sall, near Se land ,John Clay, Esq., aged 58. i l'e' COTTRELL ..-,. COTTRELL .—On the 6th inst., at St• George's-res Kent -road, 11 *en 7 Cottrell, aged 9• n 13 0 A" - PHILLIPS.—On the 4th inst., at his residence, 49, —ei 8E• R voir-road, Ilenryßethe , Kingsland, Vincent Phillips, i.lscl., gge'crigs, rciDsoN.—On the sth inst., suddenly, a t Leil , i 7. Ro la W n L d A , N N D e .— wto On n tuheotelh, LilleSictl3atterß.sqoCk.uooxileh.aral _ Grasmere, Sir John Richardson, C. 8., F.R.S., aged iloir r , „Wet WHEAL - LE/L—On the 6th inst., at the Waldrons, ur-,ECII John Anson Whealler, Keg of 50, gark4ae, -, aged 63. 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