The Sun. — London, England, 1865-09-13 00:00:00

ALPINE TOURISTS. (From the Times Correspondent.) LUCERNE, Sept. 11. Sic ad Alpes perventuni. Only an eight hours' pull from • Baden to Lucerne—from the main - entrance to the Black Forest to that great gap of the Lake of the Four Cantons which lets you at once into the heart of the Alps. Let rival railway companies manage ever so craftily, they will never turn' the main tide of Alpine travellers from that route of the -Rhine, Basle, and Lucerne which is by far the most direct and pleasant—indeed, tle most natural. By travelling about in Germany you may come to the Lake of Constance, on the eastern corner of Switzerland, and hence make your way to Zurich, to St. Gall, to the upper valleys of the Rhine. Coming from France to Geneva, at the western extremity you have the Leman Lake and all the course of the Rhone, along the Valais, be tween those two great mountain jaws, the Alps on your right and the Bernese Oberland on the left. But both the courses of these valleys are long and winding and weary, and the locomotive engine which now takes you all the way up to Coire and Sion has not yet been able altogether to do away with their tediousness ; but by following the central line by Basle and Lucerne you make straight for the great mountain mass of the St.. Gotthard, that mass near which not only have both the Rhine and the Rhone their sources, but from which also the main chains of the Bernese and Rhaetian Alps take their start. A drop of water let fall from the sum mit of the St. Gotthard will hardly flow in any other direction than down the narrow and rugged but straight valley of the Reuss on the north, and the Ticino on the south ; and a shorter line than that of the Reuss, from the spot where it springs to the point where it mingles its waters with those of the Aar of Berne*and the Limmat of Zurich, a few miles before they are all lost in the Rhine above Basle, could hardly be drawn by mathematical pre cision. The valleys of the Reuss and the Ticino are the only two that ran in one straight line north and south ; the only two upon which the great mountains do not cast their perpetual shadows. They are the highway between Germany and Italy, and the Teutonic hordes of the dark ages only followed the unerring instinct of all migratory beings when they struck their path across the St. Gotthard to those southern plains where figs and grapes so powerfully , attracted them. In obedience to the same impulse, the flight of those birds of passage whom we call Alpine tourists, and who have a whole net of roads and railroads to lead and mislead them, irresistibly bears hitherward. And not without good reason, for it is from Lucerne, and from no other place so conveniently, that the traveller has his choice of excursions, whether his fancy inclines him to follow the track of Sarnen and Lungern, over the Brenner to Brienz, Interlachen, Thun, and Berne to the west ; or to pursue his way by Kussnacht, or Schwytz, Zug, and Zurich to the east ; whether, by ascending the Reuss to Andermatt, he wishes to cross over the Furka into the valley of the Rhone ; or whether he prefers to strike across the Oberalp, over Dissentis, into the valley of the Rhine. As a first pied a terre in Helvetian territory, Lucerne is also unmatched in beauty and interest. No city on a lake can so emphatically be called the queen of the lake. Though, like Zurich and Geneva, it only lies in a corner, on the lowest corner of its sheet of water, at the outflow of its tide Lucerne has as wide, close, and unimpeded a view of moun tains as many of the loftiest summits can boast ; and I know no other place so near the lowlands where two such glorious landmarks as the Righi and the Pilatus bound the view. Nor, again, is any other city to compare with Lucerne, in spite of her comparative social insignificance, for the pic turesqueness of her battlemented walls, her grim grey towers, her historic and artistic bridges, her general look of mediaeval quaintness and primitive ness. There is something inexpressively delightful in the transition from Germany, or from any other European country, into Switzerland at this season. We had a trying hot season at Baden ; a cruel broil ing day all along the Baden Railway up to Basle ; but at the latter place the mere rushing of the waters as they flowed past my windows, bearing in one channel the tribute of a thousand melting glaciers, had already a cooling, soothing effect on our exhausted frames. From Basle upwards along the Liesthal everything looked moist, and fresh, and luxuriant ; no trace here of parched herbage, of withered foliage ; and although the sun was still burning with almost tropical fury as we alighted from the train, and came to land on the quay before the hotel door, yet we had the refuge at hand ; we took to water forthwith, to the emerald green, crystal pure waters of this Vierwaldstatter See, this king of all lakes, and by steaming under awning up to Weggis, Gersau, Brunnen, and Fluellen, and back again by Brunnen, Gersau, and Weggis to Lucerne, we called to our aid the sweet breezes wafted from the open bays of Uri, Alpnach and Kussnacht, and battled with the scorching enemy from our start at 10 o'clock in the forenoon till we were brought back to our dinner at 5 in the evening. My German guide-book, excellent in all other respects, is not free from prepossessions on the sub ject of inn accommodation, and characterises the Schweizerhof, the hotel he is compelled to place at the head of all others at Lucerne, as " sehr grosser Gasthof, gerauschvoll, viel Englander," &c. The same remarks apply to the Three Kings at Basle, the Three Crowns at Vevey, &c., those palatial hotels by which Switzerland by so many years forestalled the Louvre and Grand Hotel in France, the Grosvenor and Laugh= in England. I was struck by the repetition of these remarks :—" Big hotel, full of noise, full of English people." I wonder if the good German meant those words as a caution to his countrymen to whom the company of the English might be as great a nuisance as the din and racket inseparable from a large house of accommodation ; or whether he simply wished to warn travellers of limited means against inns spoilt by English prices ; or finally, whether by his description . " full of noise, and English," he wished to lay upon English tourists the charge of excessive fussiness and obstreperous ness ? Whatever he may say or think on this sub ject, the fact is that the Schweizerhof at Lucerne, the two others I havementioned at Basle and Vevey, the comparativelynew ones, the Bernerhof at Berne, and the Beau-rivage at Ouchy, are not only full of English, but are English houses, creations, and con trivances, for which travellers from all parts of the Continent are under the greatest obligations to that much abused and much-abusing gentleman, John Bull. Why, I remember the time when the Swan was the best, almost the only, hotel at Lucerne. The Swan terminated the city on the lake side, and I have not forgotten the day in September, 1846, when I was landed at its flooded door in a boat. All these, Schweizerhof, Hotel d'Angleterre, Hotel du Righi, the many others that have risen up or are rising, and make up a cluster of buildings amount ing to a little town or suburb on the lake—all these are owing to the English ; to the taste for pleasure travelling they alone originated O a u o ci; d silt ei :e a a n d d through out Europe ; to their habits t cleanli ness ; to those fussy, fault-finding, grumbling, blowing-up propensities, that love o f , plivino,_ baths and fresh linen, which coaxed, bribed, or bul lied all Europe into a compliance with their manners and customs. It is to the English alone that we are indebted, if here, as at Geneva, at Zurich, every.. where in Switzerland, on the Rhine, on the Italian lakes, the towns have been turned out of town, and the wretched inns which were once grovelling among the filth and stench of narrow, crowded streets, are now laid out, converted into lofty pa laces on those choice spots by the river, on the hill, on the lake—on those choice spots which entitle them to their much-affected appellations of Belle , vues, Beaux-rivages, &c. At all events the Schweizerhof at Lucerne, whether in a good or evil sense, may properly be said at the present moment to be "full of English," to be English. Not that French, Germans, or Italians are turned from its doors ; not that many of them do not obtain daily admittance ; but, some how or other, the tyranny of English manners keeps them under constraint. They dare not puff the clouds of their cigars into the faces of ladies who dislike smoke ; the spotless whiteness of the par quets overawes their expectorating propensities ; the ~" whispering tones of the well-bred company are a check on their uproarious outbreaks ; the frigid manners of the strongly disciplined waiters dis courage their jocular sallies. All is dull, quiet, formal, dismal, for them ; they seldom venture into these precincts ; more rarely abide in them ; hardly ever quit them without a loud declaration of their firm purpose never to revisit them. It is not possible to imagine anything more de , ‘ cent, orderly, and respectable than the grand saloon at the Schweizerhof. It is a splendid apartment on gigantic proportions, built in the most correct and elegant style. It is a kind of Kursaal or Conver sation-Haus, only without the roulette and trente-et quarante tables, and without that company from Athens and Boheme which enlivens the reunions of Homburg and Baden. It was Sunday yesterday ; few of the English were out for excursions ; many had congregated at Lucerne, for the convenience of the fine new church they have erected in the centre of what may be called the English town. It was pleasant to see them, the girls sailiag in in all their tidy decent muslin, coming down and sitting in family groups at the various tables to breakfast ; pleasanter still to see them walking in a well-suited demurepro cession to their places at the long tables for their 5 o'clock dinner—their own late dinner ; no connexion with the Continental feed at 1 o'clock in the hottest hours of the day. Charming it was between meals, or between the church services, to see the same groups at the literary end of the saloon—for the enormous hall, divided into two compartments by a double r9w of stately pillars, answers both purposes at its two opposite extremities--to see the same groups, I said, pore on the Saturday morning papers from home, look over albums and caricatures, engage in desultory talk ; all their proverbial insular re straint put aside, the ice of their national reserve broken, and forming altogether, if not quite a family, at least quite a friendly circle, with less stiff ness and ceremony than one would observe in many a London drawing-room. A few well-broken Yan kees claimed right of cousinship with the statelier Briton, and their somewhat pushing familiarity and active inquisitiveness contributed, perhaps, not a little to the expansion of souls and liveliness of talk. Fewer still were the Germans, and other Conti nentals, but they were evidently of that class who do not object to a house full of English, a class who rather hover about the English, try to understand 0 4. hem, and like them in proportion. Presently, as the shades of evening fell, the groups, one after another, adjourned to the terrace outside, under the horse chestnut trees, on the 'lke. There was the lake to be wooed and worshipped, the darkening hills, the long smooth ridge of the Righi, the high, rugged crest of Pilatus. There were plans for the morning move ; parties made up ; a bantering with the guides ; a bargaining for horses or carriages ; then a yawn here and there ; a complaint of weariness ; a fore thought of early rising on the morrow. Group after group vanished. By 9 all was quiet without and within the hotel. From Newhaven to Dieppe. On Saturday last a steamship race of great inte terest in the present state of naval architecture took place on the passage across the Channel between Newhaven and Dieppe, under circumstances very ' similar to those described in The Sun a year ago, in the case of a steaming contest between the Mar seilles and the Alexandria. The new vessel, named the Bordeaux, tried for the first time on Saturday, belongs, as in the former case, jointly to the London and Brighton Company and to the French company whose lines run from Dieppe to Paris in connection with the English company, and has been built and engined by Mr. C. Lungley, at Deptford-green, whose method of constructing fast steamers was so signally successful in the case of the Marseilles. The great interest of the trial lies mainly in the fact that the new sectional form of bow, which has been in troduced in her Majesty's paddle despatch steamer Helicon with marked advantage, and likewise in the armour-clad frigates Bellerophon, Pallas, Lord Clyde, &c., has been adopted independently and simultaneously by Mr. Lungley with remarkably good results. The Bordeaux has been built not for speed or even for passenger traffic exclusively, but to combine with these a great cargo-carrying power, which is becoming continually more and more ne cessary on theNewhavenaudDieppelinc of steamers, owing to the great development of trade between England and France that has marked the progress of the last two or three years. She is 210 ft. long, of 23ift. beam, 1 lft. in depth, tonnage 576 (builder's measurement), and fitted with engines of 180-horse power (nominal), on the oscillating principle, with brass tubular boilers and patent feathering floats, the engines as well as the ship having been constructed at Mr. Lungley's establishment. The vessel selected to compete with the Bordeaux was the Lyons, a very fast steamer, built, with almost exclusive re gard to speed, by the late firm of Messrs. Scott Rus sell and Co., and now furnished with new and power ful boilers to prepare her for this trial. The two vessels left Newhaven about 11 a.m., the Lyons hav ing the advantage by about two minutes, and when the more burdensome and commodious Bordeaux fol lowed it involved a reversal of all old-established ideas of shipbuilding to suppose that she could ever over take, even with so slight a difference at starting, the sharper and fleeter-looking vessel. A very shorttime, however, sufficed to enable the Bordeaux to over haul the Lyons ; but she had scarcely done so before some cause for a temporary stoppage of the former ship arose, and she was soon left far behind. This incident, however, only showed the new vessel to greater advantage, for after again starting oo her stern chase she gradually drew up to her competitor, passed her, and entered Dieppe harbour at least 17 minutes in advance of her, and a crowd of specta tors who cheered her arrival, which was succeeded by an international dinner and display of fireworks. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE- SOUTII-ILISTERN. The report of Mr. Ashcroft, the engineer, stated with respect to the construction of this company's Lewisham and Tonbridge line that the first section of it, from the Greenwich junction to Chiselhurst, was passed by the Government Inspector on the Ist of June last, and was now being daily worked for ' passenger traffic. The earthworks onwards between Chiselhurst and Orpington were progressing in a satisfactory manner. Out of 780,000 cubic yards of earthwork 350,000 had been tipped into the Or pington great embankment, leaving 430,000 yet to remove to complete that work. The cutting between Orpington and Chelsfield was completed, except about 6000 cubic yards at the south end of the tunnel. The length of the Chelsfield tunnel would be 594 yards, of which 429 were completed. The brickwork was being proceeded with at the rate of 15 yards per week. In the cutting between Chels field and Polhill tunnels about 50,000 cubic yards of 1 excavation had been carried to spoil, and there yet remained to be removed 450,000 cubic yards. This cutting formed the key to the finishing and opening of the line to Sevenoaks. The Polhill tunnel would be 2,530 yards in length, of which 1,146 yards were finished and bricked in, and the rest was advancing at the rate of 30 yards per week. The works be tween Polhill and Sevenoaks tunnel were in a for ward state. The stone cutting at the north end of Sevenoaks tunnel contained 355,000 cubic yards, of which a b out 1 40,000 cubic yards remained to be removed. The Sevenoaks tunnel, when corn- Pll,e3te62c-I,yalvrocis were would be 3,4 . 51 yards in length, of whi c h I work on the line,r and me fished. This was th e h eav i es t weekwa being pushed on at the rate of 30 y ard. per would shortly b e increased' The oaks to Tonbridge w ere Proceeding manner, and would be fi n i s h ed which rate of pro gress quite rk a s s f early Seaeasvrett thefactory -- in a more northern portions of th e li ne. works on the Dartford branch were completed, with the exception of small portions at Penhill and Cray ford, which latter had been left in for ballast, an d the brickwork was nearly finished. IMPERIAL MEXICAN (LIMITED). The gross traffic received on this company's line between Vera Cruz and Paso del Macho, 47 miles in length, amounted for the month of April to £6,995, for the month of May to £8,481, and for the month of June to £8,412, making together £23,888, being at the rate of £39 per mile per week. The cease. gallon of water is made. For the lair of one animal from six to ten gallons of such fluid should be prepared. This fluid is now distributed over the whole surface to be disin fected, gradually, by squirting from a syringe, or by pump ing through a force pump, garden engine, or by watering from a watering pot or can with a finely pierced rose. All woodwork, stones, bricks, cement, mortar, all fixtures of whatever material,should be well wetted with the solution, and immediately be scrubbed with a hard brush. Floor and ceiling are also scrubbed, and the whole is left in this wet state covered with the chloride of lime solution for at least one hour, during which time care is taken that no parts become dry. 3. As the chloride of lime and the products of its decom posing action upon infectious matters may be hurtful to cattle, these matters have to be carefully washed off by a second and final flushing. For this too much water and too much scrubbing cannot be employed. Care should be taken to apply the clean water always to the highest parts, so as to cause it to flow thane° to the lower parts, and to wash away the waste from tho lower parts before applying any fresh water to the upper parts. 4. Care should also be taken to rinse and flush every broom which has worked away sediment and waste from the lower parts into and through ithe gutters and drains before applying it again to the clean upper parts. Care should also be taken that the working persons should not step from the dirty or partially cleaned places on to tho clean ones, as this may suffice to bring infection back to the disinfected place. 5. Lastly, all persons employed in this work, having swept and flushed the gutters with the same care as the lairs, are collected, together with all engines and tools which they have used, as near as possible to the sink or place of final egress of water from the premises, and there disin fected as will be described. The tools, such as hooks, forks, spades, hoes, barrows, &c., are scrubbed with the above solution of chloride of lime, and subsequently water until clean ; they are then repeatedly wetted with the solution, and after it has had time to disinfect the entire surface of them, they are washed clean and laid up, or hung up to dry. The workmen, then, having finished the disinfection and flushing of all objects and surfaces, effect their own disin fection in the following manner :—They wash their boots most carefully with chloride of lime and water, scraping the soles and scrubbing the same where the soles join the upper leather. They wash their hands and arms, and by means of clean rags or sponges they remove any splashes from their clothes. After this they go indoors, remove all clothes from head to foot, wash their bodies, particularly their hands, faces, hair, and feet with plenty of soap and water, and put on fresh clothes and linen. The clothes and linen which they have taken off should be treated as infected, set to soak immediately in boiling water and afterwards disinfected, or in water containing two ounces of chloride of lime to the gallon in solution, or containing four ounces of Condy's red permanganate of potash fluid in solution ; or the clothes and linen should be put in a copper and boiled and subsequently washed. All articles of little value which are much soiled should be burned on a bright fire. Disinfection of Live Stock.-1. Live cattle may carry infection in two ways—first, by being themselves.infected with the plague and reproducing the poison; and, secondly, by accidentally carrying the poison from other animals in a dormant state upon some part of their surface, tlieir hair and particularly their feet. These latter animals may therefore infect others without being or becoming them selves subjects of the plague. All persons therefore buying new animals should disinfect them before allowing them to enter their premises. In a similar manner, if in a stable there has been a case of plague, the healthy or apparently healthy animals should all be disinfected. 2. The mode in which live animals may be disinfected consists in washing them with disinfectant solutions of such strength as will destroy the contagion without injuring the surface of the animal. A solution of two ounces of chloride of lime in a gallon of water is a proper solution for wash ing the coat of animals. A mixture of four ounces of Condy's red permanganate of potash fluid, with one gallon of water, is also a proper disinfectant solution. For full sized cows and bullocks, &c., several gallons of either of these solutions should be used. Great care should be taken to keep the solution away from the eyes, nostrils, mouth, and tender parts. When the entire surface is washed and disinfected, all disinfectant is removed by the application of great quantities of clean tepid water to all parts. The animal is given a warming and refreshing drink, and is conducted by a clean attendant to the clean quaran tine shed. There it should receive fodder, both dry and green, and sop, and plenty of pure cold water, and be rubbed dry with whisks of straw and hay. The Quarantine Shed.-1. The quarantine shed is in tended to keep the new and suspected cattle separate for a period of at least ten days, in order to afford the security to hie obtained by observation alone, that it is not actually infected with plague. While, therefore, disinfection of the surface of cattle removes one kind of danger, another, which cannot be removed, can only be kept circumscribed or penned in, and this is done by the quarantine shed. But the keeping of cattle in the quarantine shed would not dis infect its surface with certainty even during a much longer period than ten days; disinfection of the surface therefore cannot supply the precaution of the quarantine shed, and a rigorous quarantine cannot supply the effect of surface disinfection. Both precautions are necessary for perfect security, although either of them, without the other, ob viates a particular kind and a curtain amount of danger. 2. The quarantine shed should be situated in an isolated part of the premises. All manure and urine from it should flow and be carried to a particular place separate and dis tant from the common dung-heap, and be buried daily. Tho utmost cleanliness should be observed in the shed. All tools, pails, currycombs, &c., used in it should be used in it exclusively and nowhere else. The person attending the quarantine shed should not be allowed to go into the shed where healthy stock is kept, or permitted to approach healthy stock. No person attending healthy stock should be permitted to approach quarantine cattle, or to go near or into the quarantine shed. But should, unfortunately, only one person be available for both duties, that person should be allowed to approach quarantine cattle only when clothed in the safety dross to be immediately described. The Safety Dress.-1. This consists of strong water-boots reaching up to the knees, well greased all over ; of a water proof coat, buttoned close all the way up in front, and closing tightly round the neck and wrists. The head is to be covered with a cap which takes the hair well in. 2. Every person having occasion to visit sheds in which there is diseased cattle, or suspected cattle, or quarantine cattle, should be provided with the above dress, put it on when entering the place, take it off when leaving thoplace, and have it disinfected immediately. This precaution should be strictly observed by all inspectors, all veterina rians or others called in to attend sick cattle, by all dealers and butchers entering sheds, yards, or meadows, for the purpose of sale or purchase, and by all other persons com ing on the premises on business in connection with cattle. 3. The owners of stock should not allow any strangers to enter their sheds, yards, or meadows, except in disin fected safety-dresses ; and in case this should give rise to difficulties, they will do well to have themselves one or two such safety-dresses at hand, and to cause all persons whose business compels them to enter their sheds to leave their own boots behind, and to put on the long boats, waterproof coat, and special cap. Only thus can they hope to exclude all ordinary and obvious chances of infection from the previously healthy sheds, yards, and meadows.l Measures to be taken on Premises where Plague has actually appeared.—When the plague has actually ap peared in any shed, yard, or place, the sick animal should at once be removed with all due precautions. It is cer tainly the safest and best to polo-axe the animal at once, and to bury it entire, and then to disinfect the particular lair as above described, clear out the stable or shed, disin fect the whole of it and all apparatus, also all the animals, and only to let the animals enter the shed, &c., again after it is completely sweet and dry. 2. If, however, a proprietor is desirous of keeping a sick animal because its illness does not appear severe or fatal, he should place it in a separate shed, which must not be the same as or near to the quarantine shed, and be dis tant from all healthy animals, and so situated that the pre vailing wind does not blow from this hospital shed towards the healthy or quarantine shed. The water should also never flow from this hospital shed towards the others, or the yard, or any meadow, but should be carefully drained away and sent off the premises by a special sink. 3. To prevent the scattering of farces by infected ani mals (and also by suspected animals and all animals suffering from diarrhoea), their tails should be so tied to one or other of their horns as to protect them against being soiled by the intestinal discharges, and to prevent them from distributing such discharges by the ceaseless motions peculiar to these organs. The spattering of fasces should be prevented by a copious supply of rough straw, with some sand, sawdust, or ashes placed behind and underneath the animal. The straw and faeces should be dealt with as has been described. Animals affected with plague or diarrrhcoa should not be led along streets, highroads, and paths, as they would be certain to drop infectious faeces, which would then be distributed over the entire length of these roads by the feet of men and animals, and the;wheels of vehicles. 4. The sick animals should be disinfected repeatedly ; their pens should be cleaned and disinfected repeatedly, during the course of the illness. This should be done by persons either guarded by the safety dress, or—and this is safest—by such as may not come into contact with healthy cattle, or have to enter healthy sheds. All tools, pails, fodder, &c., to be used in the hospital shed to be kept for that purpose only, and never to be used with healthy, or quarantine or only suspected cattle. The following documents have been prepared by direction of the Lords of the Privy Council, and for warded to us for publication : Memorandum on the Principles and Practice of Disinfec tion, as applicable to the presentrEpidemic of Cattle Disease. By J. L. W. Thudichum, M.D. 1.--PRLNCIPLE . S OF DISINFECTION. 1. The term disinfection signifies the removal and de struction, or destruction and subsequentremoval of thepro ducts of destruction, of all matters actually being or con taining products of disease capable of reproducing disease in other animals. 2. If the same processes and means, as used for this pur pose, are applied to the purification and deodorisation of places and things not actually affected, but capable or sus pected of being infected, then these preventive measures are practically and properly included under the definition of disinfection. 3. The reproducers of the infectious matter or contagion are all kinds of cattle of the ox tribe, which also are at pre sent in this country the only animals liable to its specific effects. It is probable that the contagion adheres with par ticular pertinacity to all secretions and discharges from animals. For this reason faeces Or droppings, urine, rumi nated food, all secretions from the mouth, nose, and eyes, and any sore parts of the surface of the diseased animals must be considered as the principal and primary carriers of the infectious matter or plague poison. It is also probable that many parts of animals which have died from the cattle plague, or have been killed during advanced stages of the disease, are infections, some because they are primarily im bued with the contagion, others because they have been in contact with it after the death of the animal. Skins, hides, hair, horns, and hoofs must therefore always be treated with precaution. The chances of infection by flesh, fat, cleaned guts, and blood are perhaps more remote, but can not be lost sight of. 4. The cattle plague, although affecting every part of the animal, showing its visible effects most extensively in the intestinal canal. It is believed, and apparently upon good grounds, that the intestinal discharges are the principal agents, upon the distribution of which mainly depends the spread of the disorder. 5. It follows from the above, that all articles which have been in contact with a diseased animal, or any of its dis charges, particularly its frocks, are capable of carrying the infection for an infinite time, and must be looked upon as being actually infectious to other healthy animals. Such are, racks of wood or iron ; cribs or mangers of wood, iron, or stone ; articles used for fastening animals, leather collars and straps, ropes and chains, all harness of any animals used for drawing, and all carts, waggons, and carriages which they have actually been drawing ; the stalls or sheds in which animals have been standing; the whole lengths of the gutters and drains through which their urine has been flowing ; the entire surface over which their manure has been drawn, and all implements with which the removal has been effected; the entire dung-heap upon which infected manure has been put, and the fluid contents of the manure pit, or of the special receptacle for the urine ; yards or sheds in which cattle have been kept to tread down long straw, and the whole of such straw and manure, as also the ground beneath them; paths and roads upon which diseased cattle have walked or been carried ; fields and meadows upon which they have been grazing ; all carts, carriages, trucks, and railway .trucks in which diseased cattle have been conveyed, and all the platforms, rail ings, bridges, and boards upon which they have been moved thereto ; as also all apparatus which has been used to pen, tie, lift, haul, lower, and fix them; the clothes, and particularly shoes and boots, and iron-pointed sticks of drivers, and their dogs ; the apparel of all cattle-herds or attendants, particularly their shoes and boots ; the shoes and boots of all persons visiting places where diseased cattle are or have been standing ; and, in general, the clothes of all persons visiting infected places, ships, and all parts of the platforms, stages, stairs, and bridges, hoists and cranes used for embarking and landing the animals ; markets, and all sheds and pens and implements used in contact with cattle ; slaughter houses, and all persons and implements in them which have been employed upon sick cattle, as also sundry parts or organs which come from sick animals killed in slaughter houses ; knackers' yards, trucks, or carts, horses, men and implements which have been employed in the disposal of sick or dead animals; wells and ponds from which diseased cattle have been drinking, or into which any portion of their excreta has had any opportunity of flowing directly or indirectly ; all fodder, grass, hay, straw, clover, &c., and particularly remnants of fodder upon which diseased cattle have been feeding ; and, in general, all persons, animals, places, buildings, and move able things which have been in contact with matters pro ceeding from diseased cattle, or with such diseased cattle themselves. To the above -mentioned places and things any of the processes and agents enumerated and described in the following may have to be applied. 11. PRACTICE OF DISINFECTION. Disinfection by Earth. 1. Burying—All matter that can be buried so as to remain covered with a thick layer of ground on earth are innocuous. The ground chosen for such interment should be dry. The quickest, and cheapest, and most certain way of disinfecting an animal dead from the plague is to bury it entire. 2. The droppings, and all straw and other matters conta minated therewith may also be buried into ground where they are not likely to be disturbed for a long time. The places from which such droppings have been removed to be cleaned and disinfected as will be described below. 3. Manure heaps and the down trodden manure of cattle yards, if they have become infected by even a small quan tity of the droppings of a diseased animal, should be care fully shifted to a piece of ground, and there be transformed into compost heaps. A layer of manure one or two feet in thickness should be covered all over with six inches of dry earth, ashes, and mineral rubbish ; upon this another layer of manure may be placed, and then again a layer of earth, and so forth, until the whole of the manure is stacked—it should be covered over with a continuous layer of earth of from six inches to one foot in thickness. If the manure heap or yard manure cannot be shifted, it may be covered on the spot with a layer of dry earth, after which all ani mals are to be kept away from it. 4. If the floor of any shed or stable in which diseased cattle have been standinglis not constructed with special watertight and impenetrable material, it must be assumed to be infected to the depth of at least six inches. This ground should therefore be removed, together with any stones, pavements, or wood work which have been in contact with it, carted to a piece of dry land and buried. Half rotten wood is a particularly favourable carrier of in 'fectiOn. Mortar, bricks, loam, or any other lining of the sides of a pen in which a deceased animal has been stand ing, should be broken out and buried. Disinfection by Fire. 1. Burning.—All infected articles of a minor value, or made of incombustible materials, can be disinfected by exposing them to a heat which will char organic matter. To this class of articles may be reckoned racks of wood or iron ; cribs or mangers of wood, iron, or stone ; leather collars and straps, ropes and chains; dry manure, residue of fodder from which diseased cattle have eaten ; and all such small articles of little value which can easily be replaced by new ones. Chains may be exposed to a dull red heat ; all other articles may be heated over a fire of coal, brushwood, or straw until well scorched. All new articles of ironware should be bought in a galvanised state, to prevent the formation of rust, the accumulations of which form convenient seats for infectious matter, and for the same purpose it is desirable that iron articles which have been disinfected by heat as above should afterwards be either galvinised, or, at least, while hot be treated with resin, to cover them with a durable varnish, or should be I varnished or painted. Disinfection by Chloride of Lime.—Chloride of lime, or bleaching powder, is the most powerful, the cheapest, and most easily managed of all artificial disinfectants. It can be had everywhere, and at any time, and in quantities suf ficient for every purpose. It should as much as possible be applied in solution, of a strength varying somewhat with the particular purpose for which it is to be employed, and after it has been allowed to act upon the surface or matter to be disinfected a reasonable time, should be washed off, together with all products of decomposition. As chloride of lime does not destroy only the infectious matter in a mixture, but destroys all organic matter with out distinction, it is not applicable to large quantities of matter, such as the manure of cattle, dung heaps, &c., in asmuch as twice or three times the weight of these matters of chloride of lime would be required for their effectual destruction and disinfection. It is further inapplicable to all matters rich in ammonia, particularly putrid urine, as it destroys the ammonia, and evolves a large amount of gases, some of which have a repugnant odour, and are perhaps not quite innocuous. But for the disinfection of surfaces of things and places no better or more suitable agent than chloride of limo is at present known to science. Special Directions for the Disinfection of Stables, Sheds, Vans, Railway Trucks, and C a ttl e Ship s ,* an d o f Persons and things connected with them.-1. After such a place has been cleaned by mechanical means, scraping, &c., as much as possible, and all manure and dirt has been carefully buried, the entire surface which has been contaminated, or is likely to have been contaminated, should be covered with a layer of chloride of limo in powder. The powder should be worked about with a broom until e4uallyadistri- buted. It is intended to disinfect the water t. be used in the washing process which is now to commence. Clean water, from a hose in which it flows under pressure, or from a force-pump, garden engine, or from large watering _ . now be applied to the entire surfac e by one person, while pots or water cans, or poured fr e ely f r om b uc k e t s , s h ou ld another at the same time scrubs the entire surface, and particularly all crevices, joints, and - irregularities. The washing water and chloride of lime are then to be worked down the gutters, into the sinks, cesses, or .natural water courses. No washing water from an infected place or thing amount having p e r h e i v o i ri ou cio slye should over b e a ll owed to flow into any cesspool, urine hold, dun g -h eap,:pond, sewer, or natural watercourse with out o eli limo. Whenof mixedand s t t he irr p ed la wi ce th ha a s lib t e h r u a s l been scrubbed until the water flows off clean, it is ready for effectual disinfection. 2. For this purpose a solution of chloride of lime in water, in the proportion of one pound of the powder to one 5. If the proprietor of any dead piece of cattle, whether it has died naturally or been killed, should decide upon dis membering it instead of burying it entire, and upon utilis ing the hide, horns, hoofs, tallow, and bones, he should dis infect the skin, horns, and hoofs, by steeping them for one hour in a strong solution'of chloride of lime, containing ono pound of the powder in each gallon of water, and afterwards washing them. The tallow should be thickly powdered with chloride of lime all over, and be sent directly to the boilers. It should not be boiled in any vessel employed on the farm. Under all circumstances, it is advisable to let the dismem berment of dead and fallen cattle be performed at the knacker's yard. ' For the disinfection of railway trucks aud cattle ships see special memorandum. 6. Flesh, blood, guts, lungs, and the bones of the head of infected animals should not be trafficked with, as they can not easily be disinfected. They should always be buried. Disinfection of Meadows, Fields, Roads, '&O.-1. Meadows 1111 LONI_JOIN, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 18, 1865. infected by diseased cattle should be carefully cleaned of all dung, by burying each dropping on the spot where it lies, cutting out the round piece of turf with the dropping on it, and turning it upside down. The grass on the entire meadow should then be cut and burned. It should then be left without any cattle for at least a mouth, including at least two wet days. 2. All roads, paths, streets . of towns, or villages should be carefully and frequently scavenged. All carts, vans, or waggons, used for carrying manure, should be water-tight, caulked, and painted, and should not be permitted to ooze and drop their fluid or semi-fluid contents on the road over which they are drawn. They should be kept clean and dis infected, as a precautionary measure by the proceedings above described. lII.—GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS. _ _ In conclusion, it must be pointed out to farmers, dairy men, and all persons having charge of cattle, that the same great measures which are known to maintain and re store the health of human beings will also maintain and restore the health of cattle Pure air; dry, spacious, well ventilated and well-drained clean sheds; clean and dry meadows ; plenty of pure water; frequent currying and washing ; the prevention by the development, by the de struction of the germs of internal and external parasites, particularly entozia ; proper food in suitable quantities, and at proper times ; protection from inclement weather; the utmost cleanliness in the removal of manure ; the storing of the manure at a great distance froth the cattle shed, and, in addition, the most conscientious observance of the pre cautionary and disinfecting measures above described—all these measures and agents together will secure the utmost possible health of stock, and the prosperity of the agricul turist and dairyman. But the neglect of any one of them will make the stock liable to become infected, and the more so the more several or all collateral conditions of the healthy existence of animals are neglected. The negligent man is therefore certain to lose, to injure his neighbour by defeat ing his precautions, and to damage society; but the watch ful and painstaking man will be rewarded, not only by the preservation of his property, but particularly by the con sciousness that it has been preserved by his own care and attention, and that thereby he has also benefited the state. THE CATTLE MURRAIN AT HOLLY LODGE. On the 27th of June, an Alderney bull was purchased at Bushey, near Watford, and placed with the rest of the herd, then consisting of 11 cows, 5 sucking calves, 3 yearling heifers, and 1 bull. The bull had been imported from Alderney for several months. About a month after— namely, on the 29th July—a cow in calf was attacked with unusual symptoms. She was separated from the rest, nourishing drinks were administered ; but having calved, she died 48 hours after the first symptoms were observed. This led to the belief that she died of the disease, which then began to prevail. This cow had been pastured with the others in a field occasionally used for grazing sheep that were taken to the Metropolitan Cattle-market, and, if not sold, brought back again until the next market day ; the sheep were separated from the cows by iron hurdles. The Holly Lodge Estate is partly bounded on the east by the route taken by drovers with foreign and other cattle to and from the market, some of which are also occasionally brought back to neighbouring fields. The high road forMs the western boundary within a few yards of the cattle sheds and pastures. These facts aro stated to show that the contagion might have been easily communicated to the animals. A few days later three calves were attacked with cold shivering and twitching of the muscles. The previous nights having become suddenly and unusually cold and wet, the symptoms wore at first attributed to that cause. Although these calves had been pastured quite apart from the cow which first died, the cow had been driven across the field where the calves lay, to the shed in which it died, the calves having been placed in the next shed, where two of them died on the 6th of August, unmistakably of the cattle plague. The third calf was sent to the Royal Veterinary College, where it also died. By the 9th of August four cows and the bull were seized with the disease so virulently that it was thought necessary to kill them after three days' illness. On the 12th a cow and a heifer were also destroyed ; and on the 14th one of the suckling calves died. Thus out of a herd of nineteen animals, twelve had died within a fortnight. The malady had taken so strong and sudden a hold upon them, that no systematic means of remedy could be applied except separation, heat, stimulants, and the medicines ordinarily given in cases of cold and fever.. On the 13th of August two more cows were pronounced incurable by two of the veterinary sur geons who had been called in ; but it was determined, upon further advice, to try a mode of treatment upon them not hitherto adopted ; ono drachm of calomel was administered in gruel; four hours afterwards one pint of castor oil, and three hours later one quart of yeast. About two quarts of warm porter were added to a gruel of yeast and oatmeal, and given at intervals. These remedies acted most effi ciently, and in ono case gave much encouragement. The next day the cow began to eat hay, to chew her cud, and to yield a good quantity of milk. These remedies, together with bi-sulphate of soda, which invariably pro duced a return of the milk, and quinine, were then tried upon four other patients with varied success. But in the end all these cows died, not, it is believed, of the cattle murrain, but of exhaustion occasioned by the activity of the drugs administered to them. This belief was strength ened by the healthy appearance presented by the viscera of the first cow thus experimented upon, on its being partially dissected after death. The remaining cow thus treated is still alive. It is impossible to avoid believing that had the medical man who kindly gave his attention to those ani mals been better acquainted with the constitution of the creatures, or had those who tended them had any know ledge of medicine, three of the cows treated in this manner might and probably would have recovered ; and even when the animals succumbed, the consequences were les's serious, the virulence of the poison being expelled, at least it was undiscunible to those who dissected them. _ _ During the fortnight that the murrain was raging, ono cow in calf and one calf remained perfectly healthy apparently, until both were seized within a day of each other ; these had always been kept separate from the sick animals, and tended by other men. The calf died, and the cow was de stroyed, in consequence of the symptoms being so violent. In this case very little calomel was given. As it may be as well to mention all particulars, it may be stated hero that the men who tended the animals were provided with a dress, and that it was found desirable that a certain quan tity of stimulants, brandy, coffee, and strong soup, should be given to prevent nausea and other uncomfortable feelings from which the men suffered. All the directions respecting the burying of the animals issued by the Privy Council have been strictly complied with ; clothes, &c., have been burnt, chloride of lime (Macdougall's disinfectant) was used with others to destroy insects and fiies,with abundance of whitewashing. The men were recommended to use as a wash for the mouth manganate of potash. The first crop of grass in the field where the cattle lay before their sick ness, and during it, has been destroyed also ; and it is in tended to use some disinfectant, such as charcoal or lime, to spread over the field. Miss B. C. feels so persuaded that some mode of treatment could be found to alleviate, if not to save life, that she has determined to employ a medical gentleman, who kindly offers his services, and to take also the advice of a good cow or veterinary surgeon, and to try the effects of various remedies in come of the cowsheds' where persons will be glad to let such experiments be tried ; and it is also her intention to ask the Privy Council to allow one of the Government inspectors to assist and report upon the cases. It may not be altogether unimportant to add that the state of the atmosphere seemed to have some effect upon the health of the animals, as upon those Occa sions the symptoms Were more severe during the thunder storms which then occurred. The milk, which returned, as found to be rather watery, and the cream had a pecu liar appearance. At first the pigs declined it, and it was not thought advisable to continue to give it at all to any animals for about a week. It is now perfectly good. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TimEs.—The Moniteur duly informs us that the interviews between the French and Spanish Sove reigns, both at San Sebastian and at Biarritz, have been most cordial. On such occasions popular sym pathy seldom fails to second royal hospitality, and the friendly meetings of powerful monarchs are welcomed spontaneously by their subjects. When the good citizens of San Sebastian cheered the royal party on the balcony so lustily while the fla g s of France and Spai n fl oa t e d s id e b y s i de on thfort, they naturally accepted the presence of the Emperor and Empress as a pledge of amity between France and Spain. Such a spectacle is more rare in Spain than in most European countries. The general pre valence of peace on the Continent for the last fifty years, and the effect of railways, have greatly faci litated the personal intercourse of Sovereigns. For merly the reception of a royal guest was a State affair, conducted with the utmost solemnity, and involving an enormous cost. It is now a very com mon and simple event, and when the absurd etiquettes of which German Courts are the source and centre shall have been still further broken down, kings and queens will probably exchange visits with each other at much shorter intervals. But the royal family of Spain has hitherto stood a good deal aloof from others, as if this free and easy society of crowned heads were inconsistent with its ideas of dignity. The Peninsular exclusiveness of Spanish policy has been faithfully reflected by the Court, and it must have cost the Queen some little effort to meet a Bonaparte as Emperor of the French and a former subject of her own as his Empress. The ice, how ever, has at last been broken, and everything has gone off well. It is stated by he Madrid press that the interview had been arranged so far back as April last, and would have taken place at the capital on the return of the Emperor from Algeria, but for the political agitation then existing in Spain, and the unsettled. state of its relations with Italy. It so hap pens that the recent death of the Queen's uncle, throwing the Spanish Court into mourning, would have rendered public fetes in Madrid a little inoppor tune, so that a private visit to San Sebastian was in all respects more convenient. The population seems to have made up in enthusiasm for the want of official ceremonials, and greeted the guests of their Queen with every demonstration of hearty goodwill. The days are past when such personal rapprochements usually portended sonic nefarious design, or, at least, indicated a change of political attitude. This renewal of friendship between France and Spain may be regarded rather as a consequence of past events than as an omen of the future. In spite of abortive insurrections, successive Minis terial crisis, and a persistent disregard of financial obligations, Spain has been advancing in every branch of civilisation. " Material progress" may have been the first system of her revival, but it has shown itself equally in the gradual abandonment of her obsolete politics and the development of her military power. The fall of Narvaez and the recall of O'Donnell mark another epoch in her regenera tion. It soon appeared upon what terms the Libe ral Minister had returned to office. His first im portant act was the recognition of Italy, and that recognition was not accompanied with any reserva tions such as were made by France herself. In the meantime his administration has been already fruit ful in reforms of the electoral franchise, of the laws regulating the press, and of the public finances. The movement of which these measures are the latest expression, but which has been gaining ground with more or less interruption for the last thirty-five years, cannot but strengthen the ties between Spain and Western Europe. An enlightened home policy is the best guarantee of a pacific foreign policy, and Great Britain has no less reason than France to re joice in the tacit repudiation of those reactionary maxims which so long isolated and weakened Spain. Other memories and other anticipations, however, will be suggested by this event to the minds of our older readers. Fifty-seven years have scarcely elapsed since another Napoleon, not content with the abject subservience of Spain, possessed himself of San Sebastian on a treacherous pretence, and entrapped the royal family, with the favourite Godoy, into the fatal conference at Bayonne. There is not a blacker page in history than that which describes the schemes whereby Napoleon procured from Charles IV. the resignation of his crown, which he forthwith transferred to Joseph by an imperial decree. The sequel of this transaction is well known. It was such as to extort from the Emperor himself the confession that the conquest of Spain had proved his ruin. The annexation of this splendid province had long been the dearest object of French ambition ; it was at last effected, at least to all appearance, but it brought with it the pros tration of the Empire and of France herself. The necessity of " security on the Pyrenean frontier " was the pretext for the aggression ; the real motive was the hope of employing the resources of Spain against England, and Napoleon had perfect confi dence in his ability to convert this ancient monarchy into a French dependency. It is highly improbable that any of. his successors will ever recur to this Napoleonic idea ; but we wish we could add with truth that such fraudulent and arbitrary proceed ings as those whereby the first Napoleon com passed his aims are no longer possible in modern Europe. The morality of the Gastein Convention 'resembles too nearly the morality of the Bayonne interview for us to indulge in any such self-congra tulation. It is now evident that under pretexts as hollow as those which masked Napoleon's vast pro jects of dismemberment and spoliation, M. Bismark has been plotting the partition of the Danish monarchy for, the benefit of Prussia. The indis soluble union of Schleswig and Holstein was the very basis of the intervention. The one province has now• been assigned to Austria and the other to Prussia. The claims of the House of Oldenburg, the House of Augustenburg, or any other House that would serve the turn, were put forward with pompous insincerity against those of the reigning House of Denmark ; it now turns out that all were to be ignored as soon as Prussia was fairly in pos session. 'The right of the Schleswig-Holsteiners to choose their own Govern men t was strongly e ' asserted, and was, indeed, by far the best argument on the German side ; it is now utterly and deliberately cast aside. It is strange and melancholy that a policy so perilous to the peace of Europe should be re vived, not by the " ancient enemy," but by the " natural allies" of Great Britain. It warns us that even in the present day we must rely on the fear of consequences alone to restrain the imperious instinct of territorial aggrandisement. HERALD.—The Times newspaper wishes to add a few ships to the effective strength of the American navy ; gold these ships are the English squadron in the Pacific. The object of the proposed coalition is the capture of the Shenandoah, which, although President Davis lies in a Northern gaol, and Gen. Lee is the victim of shameful attempts to rob him even of his parole, still carries the Confederate flag, and commits havoc with Yankee commerce on the high seas. The commander of this ship, Captain Wardell, has evidently had no precise information of the events which followed the surrender of Gen. Lee, and therefore he very properly refuses, upon imperfect data, to strike his flag, throw his guns overboard, and " convert" his vessel by means of a new coat of paint and a re -arrangement of deck ac commodation. Instead of taking this peaceful course he swoops down upon .everything that carries the Stars and Stripes, and even such small deer as the Arctic fleet of whalers attract his awkward atten tions. He has not been officially informed by his Government of that Government's collapse, and in the absence of precise instructions from home, he pursues his career of hostility to the Yankee flag, just as though the Southern armies had not melted away, the Southern Cabinet been dispersed, and the Palmetto flag ceased to wave as an emblem of autho rity. The case is, it must be admitted, somewhat peculiar; for the Confederacy seemed rather to die out, without making any sign, than to yield upon tern - is of arrangement. The generals of the South capitulated : that was all. Then came the sauve qui peat, and we only hear of the deceased power now and then as the names that made it famous ap pear in Northern indictments, and head tales of suf fering in Northern prisons. To Capt. Wardell the war is still in progress, and the commission under which he sails still holds good. Common sense must take this to be his explanation ; for otherwise he is burning and destroying American vessels at deadly peril in the face of a furious and excited antago nist. Still, we cannot second the proposal of the Times that the English fleet in the Pacific should be sent in chase of Captain Wardell and the Shenandoah, for the privateer has respected the rights of neutrals, and has given England no special cause of offence. His capture and punishment be long to the navy of the United States, not to us ; and it is strange that with no contest at present on their hands, Northern statesmen cannot devise a plan by which this solitary remnant of the Southern power—this Flying Dutchman of the Pacific—can be trapped and made practically aware that his commission has lapsed with the lapse of the Confe deracy. The idea of England pulling this chestnut out of the fire for Uncle Sam's especial benefit is one that could only occur to a zealot, and where freshness of conversion balances the fierceness of new faith. Converts are always a trifle too ready to prove their enthusiasm, and our contemporary is n o exception to the rule. Generally speaking, that journal is fertile in pleading precedent, and in assuming respectful allegiance to the dicta of writers upon international law. But so Northern has the Times become that the poor jurists fare badly when their opinions are likely to clash with the interests of the North. Referring to the case of the Shenan doah, the Times says, " It would be absurd in such a case to entertain the questions raised by jurists as The Murder of M. Ott. PARIS, Monday. The Journal des Debats of to-day, after drawing attention to the words of the llfoniteur, describing the interview of • • the Spanish and French Sovereigns as an event calculated to strengthen the bonds between the two Sovereigns and ' the two countries, goes on to say :—" What is not an event calculated to strengthen the bonds between two Sovereigns and two countries is the murder of our compatriot, ' one Ott,' as the Constitutionnel elegantly speaks of him, by Count von Eulenberg, and the extreme mansuetude with which the Berlin Cabinet and its agents proceed against the per petrator. The public indignation is strong throughout France, and is at its height in our two Alsatian depart ments, of which the ill-fated M. Ott was a native. We flatter ourselves, for our country's sake, that the sabre cut dealt by Count Eulenburg causes some anxiety at the pre sent momont to Herr von Bismark and his colleagues. They may send Count Eulenburg to quietly perform ca valry exercise in the regiment in which he is a lieutenant. This misplaced bravado does not deceive us respecting their state of mind. How many times a day must they not sigh, and exclaim—' Ah, if it had only been a Prussian killed !' The real misfortune of Count Eulenburg, that which will render the Bonn accident liable to bo treated as a crime, even by the King of Prussia's Ministers, even by the lordlings of Brandenburg and Pomerania, is that this noble young man has ill chosen his victim. Instead of chastising a shopkeeper of Bonn, a vile elector of M. Mommsen, who could only appeal to the Prussian law, and could have hoped for no other protection than that of the too highly -extolled judges of Berlin, his undiscerning sabre has struck a French citizen, protected by the public law of Europe and our flag. The blood that has been shed will have to be accounted for to a proud and susceptible nation, who know nothing of the privileges of the hussar lieutenants of his Prussian Majesty. Justice will be done, we do not doubt. May the lesson profit Herr von Bis mark and his party. May they conclude, from the embar rassment which the murderous freak of Count Eulenburg causes them, that the civilian has not been created and brought into the world to form an object of amusement for cavalry officers, and that even had M. Ott been a Prus sian subject, he should not have been sabred. This, from all we hear, is a paradox very offensive to the Prussian staffs. The prevailing opinion among them establishes between sub-lieutenants and private citizens a distance of which no idea can be formed in France, in England, or in Austria. The Government has hitherto rather encouraged and exalted than opposed this intolerable prejudice. It may now see to what such a spirit leads."—Reuter's Ex press. to whether there must be an official notification of a peace, and whether an individual can be respon sible for ignoring a peace of which he is technically ignorant." We are not quite so sure as our contem porary about the absurdity of consulting authority in a matter so difficult to decide, and this is just one of the cases where, while Capt. Wardell may be morally wrong, he may be also technically right. When the dogs of war are slipped, their masters call them back, and when the master makes no sign, it is open to question whether in continuing the chase the dogs have not some kind of excuse. We put the matter this way, because the very strong advocacy of Northern interests shown in the proposal of the Times that instructions should be sent out to the command of our squadron in the Pacific to join the American navy in hunting down this single vessel, the Shenandoah, looks a little like forget fulness of precedent, and, indeed, of propriety. We do not believe ,it would be palatable to Eng land to find its Pacific squadron thus employed/ while the entire strength of the United States navy is free to capture this solitary survivor of the Southern naval power. It would be a " friendly act," no doubt, towards America • but it would be a piece of hasty f r i en d s hi p that America should be able to do without. This persistent privateer can surely be caught and stopped by the able power which took the envoys from the Trent, and swooped down and overhauled with a high hand so many inoffen sive and neutral craft during the war. It is too bad to ask us to help America in extinguishing this last small spark of the Southern conflagration when it is considered that during the contest America so fre quently helped herself in even neutral waters. Be' sides, the proposition is evidently put forward as 3 , feeler. It is a h an d o f support h eld out to E arl Russell, after the noble lord has done all that the occasion requires by warning our colonial authori ties against harbouring or succouring the Shenan doah. We have not interfered by representations of a humane character with the way in which it pleases America to crush the last embers of the Southern rebellion. Nothing has officially emanated from England in deprecation of the treatment suf fered by Jefferson Davis. If we leave America un advised to deal with her captives we may well leave her to do justice upon the single vessel which still defies her ; and for the English and American fleets to join in a crusade against a solitary privateer that has not discovered the termination of the war, would be imposing enough, perhaps, but nevertheless some what over-adequate and ridiculous. As to Captain Wardell's proceedings, while we may deplore the continuance of them, we do not well see how they are to be prevented till the energetic commander has fair warning that they are a little out of date. But what we insist chiefly upon is, that England has no thing at all to do in the matter, and that the Times, in advising English interference, is taking a dan gerous and uncalled-for course. Captain Wardell must and should be dealt with by the United States, for mankind has constantly to witness grievances that wait for repression by those who have provoked them. These ideas may perhaps read coldly to new converts ; to advocates who are for the plaintiff to-day and the defendant to-morrow, and who are always to be found gravitating towards the side of success. The Times has this failing. n has veered hither and thither during the American war till it found a resting-place in the arms of the North. The Confederacy crushed, the wind novt blows all from one quarter with the leading journal; and whilst its correspondents abroad culminate the South, at head-quarters it proposes to aid the North in capturing a single ship by " instructions sent to the commander of our Pacific squadron." it w ould be better for the fleets of England to mind their own business—which is the protection of the British empire in all its ramifications—than to wast time/ money, and sympathy in helping a great power to capture one despairing cruiser that still trouble; American commerce. By all means let Captain Wardell and his ship be warned of the facts, but let the work be done by those whose duty it is to per form it. The circumstances of the whole case are not such as to demand English interference ; a nd to put an English fleet on the scent of a solitary op ponent of Yankee power would, we think, be hold ing America too cheap and making England too forward. COUNTRY MARKETS BRIS T OL-TUESDAY. - - Trade ruled dull. To sell 44s must have been taken for old American, and 42s for Ghirkas. Barley 3d lower. Oath good sale at 20s per 3041 b. Flat American maize 30s 6d tO 31s, and fair trade. NENVCASTLE-UNDER-LYNE—MONDAV. Barley, oats, beans, and peas nuintained previous rates. L IVERPO OL---T lIESDAY. • At to-day's market there was the usual attendance of town dealers and millers from the country. Wheat only met a slow retail sale at about the prices of last week, ex cept for parcels on the quay, which sold for a trifle less. Flour dull, but only quotably lower in exceptional eases•' Old oats and oatmeal difficult to sell. Beans bring full prices. Indian corn receded 6d to 1s per qr. LEEDS —TUESDAY. We h - ave a fair show of grain this week. The wheat trade is very slow, and prices are is per qr. lower for old and 2s per qr. for new qualities. Oats rather lower. Beans quite as dear. The average. places for the week ending Sept. 11 were Wheat, 47s Byd por qr. ; barley, 40s 94d; and oats, 24s Od. MARKET HARBOROUGIL—TUESDAY. Old white wheat, 48s to 53s ; new red. 40s to 44s per a o stone. Barley,, fi ne, 35 s ; other kinds, 27s to 29s per 6 4' Oats, new, 23 s t o 25 8 ; old, 27s to 31s per qr. Beaus, 0 " 40s to 425; new, 34s to 38s per qr. MONMOUTIISIIIRE—MoNDAY. l Buyers purchased abo u t th e average quantity, ree especially of old w h eat. F oreign is a little more inquired for, and prices are fairly maintained. In barley some 5 1 3e° culative purchases have been made. The following a re th e average quotations :—Whea t , 4; s to 5s 8d per b us h e l ; b arley, 38 id to 3s 9d ; oats, lld to 2s id. SHEFFIELD —TUESDAY. There was a good show of new wheat, grown in the dia; trict, and most of it was in fair condition. Both old a ~1 1; new wheat declined a b ou t 2 s per qr. Beans and oats mad late rates, but the sales were slew. Barley neglected. good business was done in wheat, and flour declined IAe L stone. Red wheat, per load of 3 imp, bushels....l6s Gd to 178 q White do do ....18s 6d 208 oa, New red do do ....Ms td 16s Oa New white do do '7s Od lOs Od Beans do ....17s Od 198 OA Peas, per qr 40s Od 428 Oa Grinding ba ley, per qr 30s Od 32s Od Malting barley, t o 32s Od 33s Od Oats, do 24s Od 28s Od Flour....is od to 2, Od per 11th. LADY DOCTORS.—Among the announcements of the various hospitals and medical schools specia l attention may be drawn to that of the Laides' Medical Col lege, recently commenced by the Female Medical Society, at 4, Fitzroy square. It already numbers some 20 ladies as students of midwifery, &c., and the next session will 1)a opened at 3 o'clock, on October 2, at the Hanover-squa re Rooms, with an address by Dr. Edmunds. There are pro" bably few who will not be ready to help this movement and to wish it God speed. [ADVERTISEMENT.] - Holloway's Pills. Confident ial Advice.—To all persuns who suffer from bilious hea,daclie Sl biliousness, or flatulency, these pills aro most strongly re commended as the safest, best, and quickest mode o f ob . ' taining ease without weakening or irritating the nerv° ll! system. Holloway's pills aro especially useful in clearing away any excess of bile, which usually produces fever 11 1 1 11 less remedial measures are adopted without delay. ' l ,, r asthma, bronchitis, and congestion of the lungs they e t „ e 'd be relied upon removing all danger, and by purifying 3- 0 , regulating the circulation they effectually prevent relaps e • By rousing the liver to a fair secretion of bile, and quick carrying it off from the system, these ills ward off I ° spirits, listlessness, and those distressing feelings often called nervous. Births. • - 04 ' BLAKE. —On the 9th i ns t., th e w i fe of Henry (1` Blake, 13, Horbury-cres cen t, N o tti ng -h i ll, and Guildhall, , son. MooDY.—On the 7th i ns t., a t Rochoster the wife of Co• 7 °- nei R. C. Moody, R.E. , o f a daughter. , PAGET.—On th e 9th i ns t ., at Stuston Rectory, Scole, the Hon. Mrs. Edward Paget, of a son. PETRE.—On the 9th inst., at Campden House, Gl o ucefite ra shire, the Lady Gwendeline Petre, of a daughter. Marriages TRAILL—LUCK.—On the 11th inst., at St. Matt llB/1 1 . : Islington, Alexander T ra il] , Esq., Dalston to C Bl.l9li'l ei youngest daughter of th e l ate Thomas Luck, D9l.' Eastbourne. WILLDRIDGE—SIBBALD.—On the 9th - W in s t a t St. 313 '' West Brompton, George illdridge, Esq., of Rood-lavao and Brompton, t o M au d e, the eldest daughter of CaP Sibbald, R.N., of the Falkland Islands. Deaths. BA H CK en H I O T U JSEoh.—noßanctkhheoluOstel: Esq.,inst. atag aged d lb 3 a 2 ny House, B g 1131:9' DEANE.—On th e 11th inst. Jon Deane, tSCI of London'bridge, and Amana Lode, Tulse-hill, agej..6l. .Asty FORREST.—On th e 10 t h inst., at Bath, Dr. John F °l l- C. 8., aged 61. - gi da " KINTON.—On th o 10th inst., at 8, Howley-place, '— hill, Newbold Kinton, Esq. , , aged 90. taco MAGAN.—On the 11th inst at Dover, Samuel E as Magan, E sq ., o f S uffol k-st.reot, Pall-mall. v „ c at PAYNE.—On the 9th inst., in London, J o h n Douglas " Esq., lat e o f Walsall, aged 52. SOAMES.—On the 10th inst., at 2, Warwick-gardens , sington, Nathaniel Soames, Esq., aged 74. , Cog WALSH.—On th e 9th inst., at Ballyldlcavan s , Queen s t "lreland, the R ev . Sir Hunt Henry Johnson Walsh , aged 78. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDB' i g, of No. 112, St ran d , Pu n t er , a t TIT.P. Surf Office, 1". l 4 .„ - pi Strand, in the Precinct of the S&voy. in the Collau Ulddleefx.rweaueoday, September 13,1865. e € ' e