The Sun. — London, England, 1866-12-08 00:00:00

Messrs. Penn and Sons have commenced fitting one of their improved high pressure double screw engines on board one of the steam launches at Chat ham Dockyard, at which establishment Messrs. Mandslay and Co. yesterday completed fitting a launch with a similar description of engine, which will be officially tried next week. In consequence of the recent outbreak of cholera in one of the districts of Chatham largely occupied by the married non-commissioned officers and men of the Royal Marines Light Infantry, for whom no barrack accommodation is provided, the whole of the men lodging in the infected locality were, by order of the Admiralty, ordered to leave the neigh bourhood and procure lodgings elsewhere. At the meeting of the Chatham Local Board of Health held yesterday a report was received from Dr. Jardine, medical officer of health, announcing that there had been no fresh outbreak of cholera in the district, w hile there had not been a case since the 3d ult. Under these circumstances it was decided to apply to the authorities to allow the men to return to the n eighbourhood from which they had been compelled to take their departure during the prevalence of cholera. The smiths and other i r o n workers employ e d i n t b Royal carriage depar tment of W oolwich Arsen a l have been engaged for some time p as t, night an d day, in hastening forward the second batch of wrought-iron gun-carriages, slides, platforms, & e ., urgently demanded by the Board of Admiralty f or ships' use. The day gangs commence at 6 a.m., and retire at 8 p.m., when the night-men take up the work and continue until relieved on the following morning. The number of carriages, 840.1 now in hand —namely, 70, would, it was expected, have been delivered ready for issue at the end of November, having been promised for that period. Very little now remains to finish the whole, when, as a recom pense for their exertion, the most experienced men and those who may be deemed meritorious will be awarded a week's additional pay, as granted on a former occasion with good results. Major-Gen. Sir R. Walpole, K.C.8., having com pleted the prescribed period of five years' service on the staff, at Gibraltar and Chatham, will retire from the command of the latter district at the close of the present month, and will be succeeded by Major-Gen. F. Murray. On Thursday evening the officers of the Woolwich Division of Royal Marines Light Infantry enter tained Major-Gen. Maxwell at a farewell dinner, on his retiring from the command of the division. Col. Suther, C. 8., second commandant, in his address to the general, said " that he only echoed the senti ments of every officer, non-commissioned officer, private soldier, and drummer of the division when he stated that he left behind a mixed feeling of pain and pleasure—pleasure at his promotion to a supe rior rank, and pain for the loss of a commanding officer who, by his wise and kindly yet firm system of command, had called forth the respect and affec tion of every member of the division, each of whom felt by the retirement of Gen. Maxwell that he lost a personal friend." Th e comman d o f th e di v i s i on h as been assum e d by Col. Slither, during the temporary absence of Col. Connolly, the newly-appointed com mandant, on leave. M. Gaudet, one of the directors of the Messageries Imperiales Compazdo has Principal aseonipleted the arrange ments with Capt. \V oolwib Military Super intendent of Stores a t for the transmis sion of the whole of the stores intended to be ex posed at the Paris Exhibition, among which is the monster gun of 23 tons weight, denominated "Big Will." The following appointments have been made at the Admiralty :—Lieut. L. Dacres to the Bellero phon ; W. E. Striven, second master, to the Black Prince, additional, for service in the Advice ; E. Spray, second master, additional, to the Challenger, for surveying duties ; A. S. D. Ridder, second mas ter, to the Bellerophon ; Dr. R. Irvine, surgeon, to the Formidable ; J. B. Nicoll, assist.-surg., to the Asia ; J. Taylor and T. Burnes, first-class a3sist.- engineers, to the Black Prince ; G. L. Miller, assist. paymaster, to the Dauntless ; and C. E. Goulds bury, qerk, to the Caledonia, as supernumerary. Naval and Military Intelligence. The Virago, 6, 220 horse power, Commander 11. M. Bingham, having been inspected by Vice-A hni ra.l Sir B. Walker, Bart, K.C.8., Naval Comman der-in-Chief, left the Nore for the West Coast of Ireland on Thursday evening, calling in at Spithead on her way down Channel. She proceeds to Queens town, where she will receive her final instructions. The iron troopship Malabar, 2, 4,173 tons, 700 horse power (nominal), one of the squadron of iron transports building for the Hon. Council of India, for carrying on the improved transport service of officers and troops between this country and India, will be launched from the establishment of Messrs. Napier and Sons, Glasgow, to-day. The Malabar is in all respects similar to the other vessels building for the Government—viz., the Crocodile, building at the yard of Messrs.Wigram and Co., Blackwall; the EuphrateA building at Birkenhead by Messrs. Laird and Sons, and launched a few days since ; the Jumna, building at Jarrow by Messrs. Palmer ; and the Serapis, building at the yard of the Thames Shipbuilding Company, Blackwall. She is 360 feet in lengt'a between perpendiculars, with a length of keel for tonnage of 326 feet; extreme breadth, 49 feet ; depth in hold, 22 feet 4 inches ; burden, 4,173 t o ns ; and mean draught of water, 30 feet. The whole of the five vessels, which will cost, when com pleted and ready for sea, rather more than a million sterling, resemble each other in every respect, and will unquestionably constitute the finest steam tran sport fleet in the world. The Malabar has been built on the double-bottom unsinkable principle, the im portance of which is an iron vessel destined to carry 1,500 souls cannot be over-estimated. She has been constructed from the designs of Mr. E. J. Reed, Chief Constructor of the Navy, from whose plans the other vessels of the squadron are being built, while the whole of the internal arrangements have been planned by Capt. W. R. Mends, C. 8., Principal Director of the Transit Service, aided by his naval and military assistants. The cir cumstances connected with the designing of this squadron of vessels were somewhat unusual. On the original designs being requested to be prepared for the Indian Government in the Controller's De partment at the Admiralty, Mr. Reed is understood to have suggested that their construction should be intrusted to private firms, several of whom were in vited to prepare plans and designs for the kind of transports required, Mr. Reed being in the Rican time requested to make an official design for the Admiralty. On the various designs sent in being submitted to the transport officers, none was found satisfactory, on which the official design of Mr. Reed was called for and fully approved. Before finally adopting it, however, the Lords of the Ad miralty thought. it desirable to subject the whole of the designs to the investigation of an independent and thoroughly well-informed committee, and ac cordingly - Mr..lsaac Watts, C. 8., late Chief Con structor of the Navy, was called on to report on the speed, stability, and other like features of the de sign ; Mr. W. Fairbairn, of Manchester, was re quested to report on the structural features, and Capt. Mends, C. 8., on the general arrangements and accommodation ; the result being that the offi cial design of Mr. Reed was again pronounced the best on all the points, and was forthwith adopted. Some idea of the capabilities of the new transport may be inferred from the fact that they will afford ample accommodation for 1,250 officers, troops, women, and children in each ship, in addition to the complement of 200 officers and seamen attached to each vessel. The Malabar is to be fitted with en gines of 700 horse power, nominal; but with surface condensers, superheaters, and the other improved appliances for econotnising steam, the actual power of the engines will be about 5,000 horse, which will enable the vessel to attain a mean speed of 14 knots, or about 16 statute miles per hour. The space for her coals will enable her to stow the enormous quan tity of 1,250 tons, or sufficient for 16 days' full steaming. Two of the transports will be employed in the service between Gravesend and Alexandria, and two between Suez and the Indian ports, the fifth vessel being kept as a reserve. Seamen for the Mei chant Service. The deficiency of British sailors for the supply of our mercantile marine is, month by month, assum ing a more serious aspect, and the causes which lead to this deficiency are daily becoming more clearly manifest. Few more emphatic examples of cause and effect can probably be found, and it requires no nau tical or scientific knowledge to discover that the evils existing are beyond the reach of cure by the estab lishment of training ships alone. A memorial from 170 seamen belonging to the north-east ports of the United Kingdom has been forwarded to the Regis trar-General of Shipping for transmission to the Board of Trade, containing an enumeration of griev ances appertaining specially to colliers and coasting vessels. Among these grievances are found the un dermanning of ships, five hands being employed in vessels of from 154 to 19G tons, whereas seven is the recognized and proper number; that these veesels are very commonly unseaworthy, being leaky iu the hulls, and deficient in canvas and cordage, and that, as a consequence, the pumps are constantly at work, and the running gear continually in want of repair, to the exhaustion of the scanty crew employed ; that the boats are frequently worthless, and useless as a means of saving life ; that the forecastles are defi cient in length, width, and height, so that in some cases a man must go to the hatch for room to put on his clothes. The memorial goes on to observe that the various sections of the Merchant Shipping Act of 1854 have remained to all intents and purposes a dead letter, and that in consequence of the continued existence of these evils, " we (skilled labourers as we are, and valuable ones) gladly take any employment on shore, where even the farm labourer, though he runs little or no risk to life or limb, gets better paid." So much for the coasting trade. Is the tale better as to our ocean-going ships ? During the past two years upwards of 200 accredited cases of scurvy have been brought into this port alone, in so bad a state as to require immediate treatment in the hospital, this very inade quately representing the number of victims to the disease, as the superintendents of Sailors' Homes in London and elsewhere can attest. Seve ral inquests have been held during the present year on the bodies of seament who have died from this malady, at one of which it was proved that the mixture served out at sea was not lemon-juice at all, and useless as au anti-scorbutic ; and, in conse quence of the verdict pronounced at another, the master of a vessel was convicted and fined at the Thames Police-court for not having a sufficient sup ply of that article on board. During the past three months no less than 20 ships have arrived in the Thames bringing cases of scurvy, and, in some in stances, from 20 to 70 per cent. of the crew were practically disabled by that disease from efficient duty. The root of this increasing evil is mainly due to the fact that it is the exception rather than the rule to_ carry drinkable, far less pure, lime or lemon juice on long-voyage ships. No medical question is involved in the matter, or anything about which doctors can differ, inasmuch as no scientific argu ments, however sound, or theories, however plau sible, are required to establish a fact that has been known for the last two centuries, and acted upon for the last 70 years ; that fact being that, if good lime or lemon-juice be regularly given to the crew of a ship, that crew will remain free from scurvy for a period of 12 or 18 months, a far longer term of water-passage than is ever reached by any of our seagoing ships (except whalers) in the present day. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. BOMBAY, BARODA, AND CENTRAL INDIA. The directors in their report state that there had been a considerable improvement (amounting to £103,467) in the gross receipts for the half-year ending the 30th June last as compared with the corresponding half of last year. This increase had chiefly arisen in the merchandise department. The gross receipts fur the half-year amounted, on 306 miles, for goods and passengers to £233,629, _ _ against £135,161 for passengers on 306 miles and goods on 1851 miles in the same half of 1865. The receipts per train mile in the past half-year came to 11s. 50., and for the corresponding period last year to 13s. 41d., showing a decrease of Is. lid. per train mile. The receipts for passengers during the half-year amounted to £2,486 for first-class, to £5,967 for second-class, and to £85,715 for third class passengers—total, £94,168 ; and for the corre sponding half of 1865 to £90,654, showing an in crease of £3,514. The increase in the receipts for third-class passengers amounted to £6,932, from which must be deducted £933, the decrease in the passengers, and £2,485 for receipts for-first-class second- class, leaving the increase, as mentioned, £3,514. The merchandise receipts amounted to £127,674, against £41,806 in the same half of 1865, showing an increase of 85,868. The gross receipts for the year ending the 30th of June last amounted to £425,184, and for the preceding year to £198,582, showing an increase of £226,632. The sea competition had not been without its injurious effect upon the traffic of the railway in keeping down the reasonable and remunerative rates that might otherwise be obtained, as on neighbouring lines, and also in lessening considerably the quantity of goods conveyed by railway. This effect was increased by three important but removable causes :-1. The site of the present Ahmedabad terminus being on the eastern side of the unbridged Saburmuttee river, a barrier was unfortunately placed between the rich traffic of the Kattywar district and the railway; 2. The want of proper roads and approaches to the railway stations, which was especially felt through the monsoon months, when the sea competition did not exist ; 3. Th e l ong d e l ay th a t h a d occurre d i n handing over to this company the land necessary for the line from Grant Road to Calaba (Bombay) and the slow and the terminal buildings there. The result was to pro longtloperation of tranship p ing and carting all theem y goods coming to or from the harbour of Bo ni b amounted could take distance of 31 miles, when coasting vessels take them there direct. The the half-year ending the 30th of working expenses for to £140,074 or 58-70 per cent. June last per Cent. for the corre spondingincrea'so of £45,267. against £94,807, or 70.1 3 was G. 8, 3 1. against 9s. half of 1865, showi ng -year, averaging 31 The train mile expenditure The trains 4id., showing a decrease of 2s. 'lid. were heavier in the past half vehicles per train, as compared with 22 in thepre vious half-year ; and the cost of haulage per vehicle per mile had bee n reduced b y 20 per cent. The net toelillst receipts amounted on re venue for the half - yea r am ounted to £98,555, being capital account to 41.30 of the gross rtehce 30th of e ipt s. The Jun total to £5,648,934, and the expenditure to £5,761,664. With regard to the extension of direct railway com. munication from Bombay to Delhi and Agra via Baroda or Wassud and Neemuch, a question of im perial and growing importance, the directors w ere happy to inform the proprietors that the Secretary of State had sanctioned a further survey of that line by the officers of this company during the pre sent working season, and they hoped that it might be constructed at no very distant period, as it would add most materially to the prosperity of the existing railway. DEMERA RA. The traffic receipts on this company's line for the fortnight ending the 27th of October amounted to $5,467, and for the corresponding fortnight last year to $5,436, showing an increase of $3l. INDIAN TRAMWAY. The half-yearly general meeting of this company was held yesterday at the offices, Moorgate-street ; Sir Macdonald Stephenson in the chair. The report, an abstract of which has appeared in The Sun, was taken as read. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said that although another meeting must be shortly convened to receive and Consider the deci sion of the Secretary of State with reference to the future extension of the company's operations in India, it would be as well to recur to the past. The company's railway of 19 miles in length had been completed at a cost, in round numbers, of £3,000, with £2OO for general charges, and £7OO for rolling stock, in all £3,900 per mile. The further expenses incurred were for interest on capitalduring construc tion, and on account of other propdsed lines in the three Presidencies. The year's traffic receipts had been £4,551; the expenses £3,021, or 58 per cent., leaving a net profit of £1,530. Of the capital of £lOO,OOO there is nearly £lO,OOO unexpended. Mr. Holloway's able report on the working of the line furnished full details which deserved perusal. Every assistance had been afforded by the Madras Govern ment and by the Madras Railway and their officers. The directors expected an early reply from the Se cretary of State as to the extension of those works on the Indian 51-ft. gauge, and upon such terms as would be acceptable and sufficient. The release from any payment for interest by the Government this year upon upwards of £30,000,000 to the East In dian and Great Indian Peninsula Railways would probably have its due weight with the Government as to extending those works before the large foreign loans had diverted much of the available capital of the country. If it were needful to confirm the value of those undertakings, the exertions being made in America by subsidies of from £3,300 to £9,900 per mile to the Pacific Railway would suffice ; but the Government were alive to the subject, and they would very soon have their final decision. The sad accounts from India showed that the famine in the Orissa districts continued unabated, the deaths from starvation averaging in each hospital 100 aday. Upwards of 100,000 persons were fed daily by the Government and private charity, and the total mor tality was estimated at 1,000,000, out of a popula tion of 5,000,000. Well might the Times' correspon dent write that " Famines are very dear to the Go vernment." Nothing could ever check the evil and its periodical recurrence but a comprehensive system of irrigation to produce and railways to transport the means of sustenance throughout the country. (Hear, hear.) Resolutions were passed adopting the report and accounts and re-electing Major-Gen. Alexander and Mr. Baine, the retiring directors. Mr. Kimber was elected a director, in the room of Mr. Allan, who re tired. The retiring auditors, Mr. Franklin and Mr. Smith, were re-elected, and ten guineas voted to each for the past year. The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to the chairman and directors. Louis, Pontarlier, Bellegarde, Saint Michel, Nice, Marseilles, Cotte, Le Perthus, Hendaye, Bayonne, Bordeaux, Nantes, Saint Nazaire, Granville, Havre, Dieppe, Rouen, Boulogne, and Calais. The Imperial Commission will issue special in structions relative to the period when the materials for the buildings, as objects for exhibition, the sepa rate parts of machines and apparatus, heavy and cumbersome articles, and those which require masonry or special foundations are to be brought into the precincts of the Exhibition. Such works are to be performed by the exhibitors and at their own cost, in accordance with the plans submitted to them for the approval of the Imperial Commission. The Imperial Commission will supply gratuitously the water, gas, steam, and motive power for the machines admitted. This motive power will, ex cept in special cases, be transmitted by a hori zontal main shaft, the diameter and the num ber of revolutions per minute of which will be made known by the Imperial Commission before the 31st December, 186 G. The exhibitors will have to fur nish driving pulleys on the main shaft, connecting pulleys, and intermediate shafting for the purpose of regulating the proper speed of the apparatus, as well as the belts necessary for each of these mo tions. Steam-engiues which require to be supplied with steam from their own boilers cannot be shown in the Exhibition building, and special directions will therefore be issued respecting them. All other expenses, such as the employment of workmen in the building, the reception and opening of packages, the removal and charge of packing-cases, the con struction of counters, stages, glass and other cases, &c., the placing of goods in the Exhibition building and in the park, the decoration of the are to be borne foreign. The b st y al t ls h , e a e n x d hib th it e e r rs e , t u F rn re o n f e hthaesgwooedlls as, Imperial Commission will point out to exhibitors, who may apply, contractors for the execution of their work, and for the removal and custody of their cases; but they are at liberty to employ any contrac tors or workmen they may think fit. The various stalls and fittings may be erected in the Exhibition as fast as the buildings are completed ; they must be commenced at latest on the Ist of December, 1866, and must be ready for the reception of goods before the 15th January, 1867. But the British Commissioners have pointed out that it is desirable to avoid the use of glass cases as much as possible, and that when cases were neces sary the frames only should be made in England and the glass obtained in Paris, as these was much breakage of glass in transmission on the occasion of the Exhibition at Paris in 1855. Railway Traffic Returns for the Week. Mlles Opened. Reoelp;s. By another recommendation the minute from South Kensington on this occasion has remarked that in order to display objects to the greatest ad vantage it has been found desirable to have cases of a simple and unostentatious character. It was re commended that the framework be either metal bronzed, or wood stained black, and that the name of the exhibitor, his address, and class, should be attached to the case within the framework. The department, upon the particulars being sent and approved, provided, and will provide, at its own cost, all labels to be placed above 10 feet from the ground on walls or screens, &c. _ Specimens of the size and character of the letters recommended to be used on cases, and also of those which would be used for large labels, were enclosed with this minute. Exhibitors were requested not to prepare any other kind of labels without first sub mitting a pattern to the officer in charge of arrange ments. And to practically enforce this advice a specimen of the style of glass case and the lettering recommended may still be seen at the South Ken sington Museum. 'FEE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENISG, DECEMBER 8 MO Mr. Chisholm Anstey's New Work. nine groups, corresponding with the nine groups of the products of agriculture and industry enumerated in the system of classification. The number, the nature, and the various grades of the awards, as well as the constitution and functions of the jury, whose duty it will be to apportion them, will be published hereafter. The last chapter regulates the proceedings which are to take place on the closing of the Exhibition and removal of the goods. Immediately after the closing of the Exhibition the exhibitors must begin to pack and remove their goods and fittings. This operation must be completed before the 30th November, 1867. After that date the goods, cases, and fittings, which may not have been taken away by the exhibitors or their agents will be remove 1 and depoiited in public warehouses at the cost and risk of the exhibitors. The objects which by the 30th June, 1868, may not have been removed from that warehouse will be publicly sold, and the net proceeds of the sale will be applied to some work of charity. We have thus minutely recapitulated all the arrangements which regard the interests of exhibi tors from the United Kingdom. The staff officers we have also added as it was supplied by the proper authorities. All inquiries in this country from actual or intending exhibitors are answered at South Kensington ; those in Paris can be addressed to the official bureau, at 71, Champs Elysecs. This man sion was the residence of the sister of the Empress of the French, the Duchesse d'Albe. The ground floor will probably be occupied by the office of the British executive. On the first floor the President of the Council, as the chief of the executive, will hold levees, &c., as he may think fit. The execu tive commissioner will occupy as a temporary resi dence the third floor, and such portions of the upper part of the edifice as may be necessary. Provision will be made in the fourth storey, &c., for those of the staff who will be required to be in attendance on the Exhibition. Plea of the Unrepresented Commons for Restitution of Franchise, an historic Inquiry. By Thomas Chisholm Anstey, Esq., of the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple. A reviewer in the Anglo-American Times says : " The right of suffrage in county or city, in borough town or cinque port, was unrestricted at the com- mon law. Not even residence being obligatory until the Legislature began—Henry 1., chtip. v.—to make it so. Even after the Tudors had tampered with the towns and boroughs, only three out of the 147 were regulated by Royal charter in the election of members. The rest held their rights of election by immemorial usage, or by common law that is upon the broadest basis of popular right. In spite of the deplorable abuses which the course of usurpation had produced, the violated principle remained too clear for cavil, and in the worst of times it was reluctantly admitted that when "no law or custom existed to the contrary the election was in the householders, and not only in the freeholders." " Householder" in cluded, the lodger, in -dweller, or inhabitant of any kind—in short, the resident. Freeholder, down to the passing of the Copyhold Prohibition Act at the end of the reign of George 11., denoted perpetuity or fixity of tenure, and in that way was applicable to copyholds for life or of inheritance. That copy holders did to the last rank and vote as freeholders is evident from the preamble of the Act George 11., which put an end to the practice. How then did the unrestricted suffrage of the common law give way to the high-qualification proprietary claim, the corporate pretension, the burgage tenure, and such like inventions for keeping down the people and setting up an oligarchy, which, almost at the cost of a revolution, Lord John Russell's Reform Bill at length was successful to take away ? By usurpations for which the criminal ambition of the Commons of Parliament were primarily and ultimately responsible, and in which the rapacious tyranny of the Tudors, the corrupt practices of the Stuarts, and the scarcely less flagitious " influences" of the post-Revolution time, had also their several parts. At the end of the reign of Edward 111. the Commons made an attempt to r:d them selves of popular control. A bill was sent _^..--._ Hallways. „.._. ____...-:._-,,,...---- -•% 1866. 1865. 1866 1813.5 £ t Belfast and N, Counties 931 99/ 2,166 2.025 Belfast and County Down 49 iv 663 5'•3 Blyth and Tyne • 36 :.6 1,894 2,506 Brecon and 3lertbyr .... •... 68 64 1,32? 1,182 Bristol and Exeter l3l} 1211 6,17) 5,677 Caledonian, Scottish Central sc2 562 33 091 32,793 Cambrian Coc':ermouth K & Penrith .. 311 314 3 9 32 4 Cork and Bandon 2O 20 4.4 401 Cork, Blackrock, & Passage 6l 61 127 1 6 Cork and Limerick Direa Cornwall 651 651 1,412 1.4 8 Deeside l7 17 3.31 361 Do Extension Dublin & lleltastJ unction.... 83 63 1,101 1.479 Dublin and Drogheda 75 75 1,833 1.670 Dublin and Mcath Dub. & Wicklow and Wextd lO6 ' 106 3,139 2,951 Forth and Clyde Junction Furness, atc B5 85 4,463 4,447 Glasgow & South-Western Gt. Eastern,Nrfk.,&E.Cnion Great Northern 422 JO* 41,3 6 30,931 Great North of Scotland 212 21: 3,15 3,:78 lit.Nortitn. & Westn.(lrel.) Bll 711 521 439 it.Southn. & IVestn.(lrlnd.) 4191 3871 9,135 7, 22 Great Wwitena l3lll 12601 67.317 63.231 Highland Hoylake - Irish .North-Western 145 145 2,108 1,567 Isle of Wil;lit ....... ....... 12 8 191 110 Lancashire & Yorkshire 403 403 43 786 39.498 Limerick and Ennis... 241 241 143 127 Limerick and Foynes 261 261 :3) 118 Llanelly 461 4111 6.0 563 Llynvl Valley London & North-Western London & South-Western Lond. Brighton, &S. Coast 314) 2931 25,759 19,078 London, Chatham, it Dover; 11351 134 1 8,513 7,683 all Metropolitan Extension 1 121 12 j 1,911 1,900 Do. Kent toast Lon., Tilbury, & Southend Londonderry and Coleraine 361 361 30 284 llan.,Shetlield,& Lincolnsh Manch. S.J un.& A Itrincham 9l 1,11 1,31:5 1.581 liaryport and Carlisle Metropolitan Midland (incl. N.-Western) 697 6174 50,673 4 ,683 Midland Gt. Westn. of 'rind 2OOl 2601 5,311 4,731 llonmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 44 3.122 2,695 North British, Edin., Perth and Dundee N-Eastern and Stock. & DarL 12201 12171 70,165 63,605 North London ll 11 4,954 4.101 North Staffordshire 258 258 1,083 8.5:18 Pembroke and Tenby 274 114 216 1 2 Rhymney 221 191 I,lq 1, 1- 63 Scottish North-Eastern ll3 128 - Somerset and Dorset 66 66 1.153 1,0 2 South Devon South-Eastern 330 315 21,0:3 Iflult ran' Vale 63 63 6,57) 5,602 Ulster Vale of Clwyd Waterford and Kilkenny 3l 31 285 275 Waterford and Limerick 77 77 1.532 1,063 West Cork. l7l - - - 1\ rexham. Mold, & 3 ...... W'haven,Uleator,& Eg t Dint lO 10 693 6:5 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Austrian 122 822 53.759 46,304 Bahia and San Francisco Belgian Eastern J unction. . Bombay, Baroda, & l en. India 306 300 6,8 7 7.1: 8 Detroit and Milwaukic 169 169 7,3 9 8,476 Dutch Rhenish Eastern of France 1675 1551 77, 91 7. 1 .539 Eastern Bengal ......... East Indian - - Grand Trunk of Canada 1377 1377 10,3 8 28.857 Great Centrai of Belgium 285 2•15 70 6 6,657 Great Indian Peninsula 7Bl 590 14,775 18.973 Great Luxembour g . Great Southern of India :Great Western of Canada 34.1 315 12,181 15,507 Madras ... Madrid. Saragossa SLAiican I BBB 778 2 ,864 13,217 Northern of Canaan - - Northern of France 764 724 67,485 04,211 Norwegian Trunk Ottoman Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 2151 20 1 :6 153,903 15 - ,251 Paris and Orleans 1621 18 8 83,875 78,125 Recife and San Francisco. &c 774 774 950 912 Sc.nde lO9 105 2,375 2,03 ) Do. Punjab, ac 253 253 983 909 South Austrian, &c ..... 1793 1691 81,126 62.656 Do, Piedmont lines 619 649 2 ~ 6 7 17860. Southern of France 9 0 823 30,766 2./023 Victoria Welland. West Sr N-Wn. of France THE PARIS EXHIBITION OF 1867. In continuing our summary of the code of gene ral regulations approved by the French Imperial Commission, we come to the Section 3, which in cludes the special arrangements respecting the pro ducts of agriculture and industry. Detonating, explosive, and other substances of a dangerous na ture, are distinctly excepted from admission. Spirits and alcohols, oils and essences, corrosive substances, and generally substances which may affect injuriously other products exhibited, or -in commode the public, will only be received in strong vessels specially adapted for the purpose, and of small dimensions. Percussion caps, fireworks, Luci fer matches, and other similar articles, can only be received when made in imitation, and deprived •f all inflammable ingredients. Exhibitors of pro ducts of an unwholesome and disagreeable nature will be bound to conform at all times to such mea sures of safety as may be subscribed to them. The Imperial Commission reserves to itself the right to cause the removal of any products, whether French or foreign, which by their nature or their bulk might appear injurious, unsuitable, or incompatible with the objects of the Exhibition. Exhibitors of apparatus requiring the use of water, gas, or steam, are to state, when sending in their application for space, what amount of water gas, or steam, will be necessary. Those who wish to exhibit machines in motion are to state at what speed each of these machines is to be driven, and the motive power it will require. The second chapter of the third section concerns the despatch, reception, and placing of goods in the Exhibition building and in the park. The cost of packing and carriage of the goods sent to the Exhi bition and of the goods which have been exhibited there, is to be borne by the exhibitors, both to and fro. The Imperial Commission will not interfere in any way between the contractors for the carriage of packages and the exhibitors in respect of the des patch and the reception of the goods. The exhibi tors must, therefore, either personally or by their agents, see to the transmission and reception of the packages, and verify their contents. If neither the exhibitor nor his agent be present to receive the packages ou their arrival at the Exhibition the car rier is bound to remove them immediately. Package s y. from foreign countries must be marked in such a way as to show distinctly from whence they come. The Imperial Commission will mak; arrangements with the foreign commissioners in order that these packages may be transmitted in accordance with the regulations s pecified in Article 40 for F renc h packages. On this point, however, the foreign co f c o h r e t ihgeny goodsinay rn i a January, 1867, up to the 10th March following, consider b d° e en re received rsm owslald ii n soa t p o bt t e h t: e h e F E rc x eo l c b r hs i and io w n h i from the 15th inclusive. The Exhibition is specially constituted a bonded warehouse. Foreign goods intended for the Exhibition will be admitted into France, under bond, up to the sth March, 1867, by the following ports and frontier towns :—Dunkirk, Lille, Valen ciennes, Feignies, Jenmont, Vireux, Givet, Longwy, Thionville, Forbach, Wissenbourg, Strasbourg, Saint The passages reserved outside the exhibiting space being strictly calculated for the purpose of circulation, packages and empty cases are not allowed to remain therein. Cases must, therefore, be unpacked as fast as they are received. The Imperial Commission will direct its own officers to unpack for the exhibitors, and at their risk and peril, the cases left in the passages intended for cir culation. From the 11th to the 28th March, 1867, the goods already unpacked and placed in the stalls arc to be arranged and displayed for exhibition. The 29th and 30th March are reserved for the purpose of a general cleaning. A review of the whole Exhi bition, as we have already announced, will take place on the 31st March. The Imperial Commission will take all measures necessary to have the Exhibition complete in all its parts by the 28th March. It will therefore dispose of all those portions of space which, on the 14th January, 1867, are not occupied by stalls ready for the reception of goods, and of all those stalls which, on the 10th March, do not con tain goods enough to fill them. Immediately after they have been unpacked the cases that have been used for the carriage of the goods, either in France or from abroad, are to be removed by the exhibitors or their agents. If they should fail to do this with out delay the Imperial Commission will remove the cases and packing, and will not be in any way re sponsible for their preservation. Special instruc tions will be published hereafter for the organisation and arrangement of the products and objects for exhibition which are to be placed in the park. By the 3d chapter, the general administration and police arrangements are precisely set out. The name of the producer will be affixed to the goods exhibited. The name of the retailer who usually acts as his agent may be added with the producer's consent. The Imperial Commission will, when re quired, make arrangements for the exhibition of goods under the name of the retailer when they are not sent for exhibition by the producer. Exhibitors are requested to insert after their own names, or the names of their firms, the names of those persons who have contributed in a special manner to the merit of the products exhibited, either as inventors or designers, or by some process of manufacture, or by some remarkable skill in the workman ship. The cash price of the objects exhibited, and the place where they may be purchased, may be stated. The information must be given upon all objects included in Class 91. In all the classes the prices, if stated, must be adhered to by the exhibitor as respects the buyer, under penalty of exclusion from competition. Objects sold may not be removed before the close of the Exhibition with out the special permission of the Imperial Commis sion. The Imperial Commission will take every means to preserve from damage the articles ex hibited, but it will not hold itself in any way re sponsible for any loss by fire, or for any accident, damage, or injury, great or small, which may happen to them, from whatever cause it may arise. Exhibitors must take upon themselves the expense of insurance if they should see fit to avail them selves of that precaution. The .goods exhibited will be watched by the necessary staff, but the commis sion will not be responsible for any thefts or em bezzlements which may be committed. A special notice, posted in the Exhibition building and in the park, will make known the staff appointed to orga nise the interior of the building. It will also con tain the names of the officers whose duty it will be to give assistance to the exhibitors, and to watch over the security of the Exhibition. A ticket will be delivered to each exhibitor, which will give him free admission to the Exhibition. This ticket will not be transferable. If it should be proved that the exhibitor has lent or given his ticket to some other person it will be forfeited, without prejudice to further proceedings at law. To secure the carrying out of this regulation, the ticket of admission must be signed by the holder, who will have to enter the Exhibition by certain prescribed doors only, and he may be required to establish his identity by signing his name in a book to be kept for that purpose. Ex hibitorsb; the illbaegaelnletws they e maydto have el ay s et e h et, eir goods taker care of but they must be approved of by the Imperial commission. Person al tickes of free ad m i ss i on w ill b e given to these agents under the conditions laid down in the fore going article. An exhibitor's agent can only re ceive one ticket of admission whatever number of exhibitors he may represent. Exhibitors or their agents must not solicit visitors to make purchases ; they will confine themselves to answering inquiries, to handing the address cards, prospectuses, and lists of prices which they may be asked for. The Impe rial Commission will fix hereafter the prices of ad mission to be p mid by visitors in order to be ad mitted into the Exbibition. An international jury for making the awards will be formed, divided into up, and perhaps agreed to by the Lords, for disfranchising the commonalty proper in every shire, and procuring the election of knights of shires "by common choice of the better people of the said counties." But Edward refused his assent to the proposed invasion. "The King," he replied, " willeth that they be chosen by common assent of all the county." Their defeat was a great-discou ragement, and left them to the mercy of their exas perated constituencies. During the three next reigns many unsuccessful endeavours were made to absorb into the Parliamentary system some of the many local and exempt jurisdictions then existing. But we find no trace of another attempt to " un create their own creators" till the reign of Henry VI., and during the Regencies of his uncles. It was not till 1430 the intrigue of 1376 was renewed, and then with success. The Commons of Parliament took advantage of the, minority of a new King and the discords of his guardians to obtain the confir mation of the Act Bth Henry VI., c. 7, which was made perpetual by the 10th Henry VI., c. 2, and became the law of the land. By these acts, for the first time in the history of England, a popular fran chise became limited to the select few, and the law was made familiar with the principle of arbitrary disfranchisement. When the shilling was fifteen times its value in the time of George IV., the possession of freehold lands or tenements within the shire, to, the nett minimum yearly value of 405., was made the condition of the elective franchise for the shire. The pretext was set forth in the preamble in words which per se contain the clearest acknowledg ment, 1, of the pre-existence of unrestricted suffrage; 2, of the universal exercise of that right ; 3, of the non appearance, down to the passing of the Act, of any of the mischiefs therein suggested, and whose pos sibility the framers pretended to apprehend ; and 4, that the true purpose thereof was to create a new constituency, composed of the knightage and squireage alone. The effect was to hand over the county elections for the next several reigns to the small but wealthy classes described in the pre amble. The Commons of the Shire-court soon felt the change, and it formed a prominent grievance among those set forth by Cade's Proclamation. Still those acts of Henry VI. were confined to the coun ties. To this hour they have never been extended by legislation to other constituencies. These acts were an alarming innovation, and fraught with every kind of evil consequence. The saddles of a few knights and squires were placed on the backs of the constituencies. They established in permanence a war of class against class, to the immediate advan tage of an expectant prerogative. The whole frame of the Parliamentary system of control was undone which had stood the people in so much stead, and kept prerogative in so much dependence ; a system the like whereof has never since appeared in Eng lish history, and the county constituencies became involved in the first flood of the stream of corruption which in after years was to deluge the face of all the land. Those acts of Henry VI. were no doubt unconstitutional, and but for the dis tractions and civil wars that ensued the courts of law might have been called in aid of the subject to pronounce them illegal and void. However (adds Mr. Anstey) I am contented to assume for the pre sent purpose their entire legality, and to admit that., to that extent, the electoral franchise—which was the only foundation on which the Lower House was built—the common law was changed. That at least was the utmost extent of alteration ; the other constituencies remained untouched, and con tinued to prevail with no other statutory qualifica- tion than that of residency. In after reigns the " Common right" was invaded in another fashion by Royal Charter or by house of Commons votes ; in either case by ways and means that were simply illegal. Kings and Parliament appear to have aided and abetted each other in illegalities. But the law relating to the Electoral Franchise remains un changed. Even in 1624 the words of the Commons' resolution were as follows :—" In a borough, not being a corporation, there being uo free burgesses, nor charter, nor custom for election, the election is to be made by all the householders, and not only by the freeholders," That resolution has never been rescinded to this hour. To the last they recognised while shamefully violating its authority. Thus up to the time of the Revolution the following were the only restraints known :-1. Residency in all cases. 2. Ownership of lands of a 40 shillings clear yearly value in the case of counties only. 3. Clauses of limitation in Royal Charters of grant in case of a Parliamentary borough. 4. The like in case of a corporation. 5. Custom or prescription immemo rial. G. Incapacity through natural causes. 7. Incapacity on account of personal crime or infamy. These restraints only were known to the law, and the law was well known to the men who by resolutions and determinations habitually broke it. Their purl . pose in doing so was a deliberate one, and had its origin in the most sordid and sellis4 apprehensions of pecuniary loss. The infringement came from owners of property, and more especially of lauded property. In the time of good Queen Bess, the Parliament of England by statute went beyond the mere disfranchisement of the mass of the . people, for it enjoined the depopulation of all the rural parts of the realm. Every family living in a cot tage was compelled to hold four acres of land, and no cottage was permitted to harbour more than one family. This Act remained in the Statute-book for nearly two centuries when it was repealed in 1775. A Parliament that could pass so infamous a law as that would not shrink from depriving the com monalty of this realm of their electoral rights. Yet sow holly was it opposed to the Constitution that no direct infringement was made by statute on the franchise from the time of Henry VI. till the pas sage of the Reform Bill in 1832. But though no statute was passed by the three estates, the Com mons " determined" certain measures, and gave the force of law to the " last determinations," thus re stricting the franchise till, aided by time, the people's rights were eventually reduced to the crying evil and absurdity partially reformed by Earl Russell's Bill. In the second year of the reign of William and Mary, in the case of the borough of Cirencester, the Commons, after resolving that the right of election was not in all the inhabitants, for the lodgers or inmates had no such right, " determined," as follows, "that the inhabitants of said borough being inmates have not a right to vote in electing burghesses to serve in Parliament." That " deter mination" was in force till the first election under Lord John Russell's Reform Act. The next case was that of Pontefract in the same reign, when the House not only disfranchised the constituency, but proceeded to create a new one. The committee of privileges had reported " that the right of elec tion was agreed to be in such persons as have an inheritance or freehold of burgage tenure within the borough." " The agreed" was probably the peti tion of an unsuccessful candidate, praying to be de clared the sitting member in place of one unduly returned ; and the House appears to have taken advantage of what may have been the collusion be tween the competitors for altering the legal course of election in Pontefract from au " inhabitancy" or an " universal " suffrage to one . by " fee or freehold burgage tenure." At the coming in of the Hanoverian line they went a step further in the same direction, and by the same device in respect to the same borough. But the wheel of fortune restored the franchise to the inhabitants of Pontefract, and it remained the only survivor in 1831, where the "right" of the inhabitants had con tinued to exist. In 1816 there were but four other free boroughs—Preston, Taunton, Honiton, and Tre gony, a miserable result, and a striking instance of what the usurpations of the Commons had led to. Thus, by referring to committees of privilege, the petitions of unsuccessful candidates and others, the " common right" of suffrage had been all but extin guished. By "resolutions"and "determinations" the House eventually arrived at such contradictions and confusion that few constituencies could clearly define what theirrights were. In 1761 the meaning of the words, " Populacy," " Populace," and " Popularity," were defined by a series of " deter minations :" 1. Residency or habitation. 2. House holding, which they further narrowed down into the exclusive right to the outward door of the building of a dwelling-house. 3. Payment and performance of scot and lot. It mattered little to the House that in carrying through this detinitiou they broke the very letter of the Act of Parliament by which they gave effect to the " last determination" of the House in all cases. Hardly two recorded instances of " determinations" are to be found during the whole post-Revolution period which do not most ma terially contradict each other at every point. But all agree in one important respect, namely, in the result to which these determinations led, and that result was disfranchisement. A curious instance is given to what these contradictory determinations led to. In the years 1785-1787 two sets of members were in one and the same Parliament sitting to re present Saltash. We regret that our space will not allow us further to consider this important subject, and we close our Review in the words of the author —that no scheme of Reconstruction will be com plete which does not answer iu substance the fol lowing proposals : I. To repeal all acts of Parliament whereby the franchise is restricted in counties, cities, towns, and cinque ports, whether in regard of quality of tenure or quantity of estate. 11. To declare or enact the common rights of all residents, as do provide for themselves and are not under the disabilities or incapacities thereinafter to be specified, and whether single or compound house holders, inmates, lodgers, or persons living under the same roof with others or not, to vote at elec tions for the places where they are so domiciled. 111. To specify those disabilities or incapacities under oue or other of these heads:— 1. Physical incapacity. 2. Accident. 3. Restraint of body. 4. Crime and punishment. 5. Outlawry ; and G. Personal statute. Morgan v. M'Adara. (Before Vice-Chancellor Sir W. P. Wood.) The plaintiffs in this suit carry on business as manufacturers of black lead crucibles, under the style of " The Patent Plumbago Crucible Company," which title was first adopted by them about 1856 upon their purchase from Messrs. Dixon, of New Jersey, United States, of the goodwill and sole right of selling in Europe and Australia crucibles manu factured according to Dixon's improved process, for the sale of which the plaintiffs had been for some, years the sole agents in this country. These cru cibles, which had been imported from the United States for sale by the plaintiffs ever since 1852, were stamped by them " Morgan and Co., J. Dixon and Co.'s Patent," and sold as patent black lead crucibles ; the term " plumbago crucibles" having been adopted by the plaintiffs when they com menced manufacturing on their own account to indicate the fact that such crucibles were of a material superior to the ordinary black lead of commerce. The defendant M'Adam was a manu facturer of crucibles at Glasgow, with a depot in London, and in the Business Directory of London for 1865 an entry of the " Patent Plumbago Crucible Company," with the name of the defendant and his address at Glasgow, together with that of his London depot, immediately followed the entry of the plaintiffs' firm, " The Patent Plumbago Crucible Company." The plaintiffs in February, 1865, took proceedings under the Merchandise Marks Act at the Clerkenwell Police Court against the defendant for infringing the style and trade marks of their firm, but the summons was dismissed by the magistrate, who seems to have held that there was not sufficient similarity between the trade marks of plaintiff and defendant to justify him in convicting. In the course of these pro ceedings at the police court it was 'brought out in evidence that Dixon and Co. had no patent for crucibles in America, and that the plaintiffs (who stated that they had always been under the impression that Dixon held an American patent), were calling their crucibles " patent" without any warrant for so doing. The present bill was filedin July, 1865, for the purpose of restraining the de fendant from assuming the title of "The Patent Plumbago Crucible Company," in imitation of the designation of the plaintiffs' business. In reference to the purchase from Dixon, the plaintiffs insisted that they had been assured, and , 'The United States (1803) made eaglets with a cap on the head weighing 11 dwts. 6 grains, 11-1 2 fine, at $lO ; they were then more valuable than silver. In 1832 Congress ml-1.) them a tender for $10.60, and made a new coinage with the hair curled, 9-10 fine, which are the eagles that peoPl e now talk about, but do nut often see. And by the changes of the coinage of two n ations you may see why a pound was once called $4.4 4 9 and now $4.84 to $4.85. New pounds are worth $4.86 38-1000, if not worn. The habit is still to call the pound $4-44 4, and then add 91 per cent., which brings it up to 13 4 85 for a pound. By this incongruity of calling th e pound one sum, and estimating it at another, the contradiction is presented that exchange between England and the United States is really at ilsrl when it is nominally at 94 per cent. premium lu favour of England. COUNTRY MARKETS. WAKEFIELD.—FRIDAY. Wheat is is per qr lower than on Friday last, but salt! are not pressed to any extent. Barley met with a 61 " trade, and prices also is lower. In beans and oats there is no material alteration. LINCOLN.—FRIDAY. Wheat was in limited request, and prices were mucht lower than last we e k. B ar l ey was i n plentiful supply, o not much sought a ft er, an d l ast week ' s prices rece d e d ls; A moderate show o f oa t s, an d pr i ces qu i te as high. Betty a small show, and prices as before. New white wheat, 60s to 68s ; new red, 54s to GOs per 3 6 stone. Barley for malting, 49s to Ms per qr ; grinTl 26s to 36s per 30 stone. Oats, 24s to 31s. Beaus, 48 s 50s per 38 stone. DERBY—FRIDAY. 36 New white wheat, 62s to 66s ; old red, 56s to 61s per stone. Barley for malting, 44s to 48s per qr. ; grinding 37s to 38s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 27s to 29s ; 2 ' 5 0 ° 3 34s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 50s to 525; new, 46s to per 38 stone. LIVERPOOL.--FRIDAY. We had a moderate attendance at our market to-( 1 1 5 ; Wheat was in limited demand, and quotations upon t a decline. Flour sells slowly, from 6d to is per sack an it barrel lower than last week's prices. I n di an corn in limited request. Oats and oatmeal easier to buy, but yep slow. Beans, peas, and barley nct so brisk. S TAMP ORD—FRIDAY. 8 6 New white wheat, 56s to 60s ; red do., 52s to 56s per stone. Barley, malting, 42s to 48s ; grinding, 34s to ou per qr. Oats, new, 24s to 28s ; old, 28s to 32s per 24 sto ne ' Beans, 52s to 54s per 38 stone. Peas as of late. RIPON—FRIDAY. There was a better supply of grain at market to-d 4; and the demand was steady. Wheat is to 2s per qr. . les t , than last week. Malting barley was fully as dear. tll9 grain as before. White wheat, 8s 6d to 9s Od per bushel • red, Gs 6d to 65 6d ; beans, 7s 6d to 7s 9d ; oats, 26s t o 32' s per qr ; 34s to 42s Od. BRISTOL SUGAR.—FRIDAY. of There has been an improved demand for all kind s do raw and refined sugar this last week, and the sales m ode in the former were at rather higher quotations. Rum s ells slowly at late rates. Births. >fe of HILL—On the 6th inst., at Rockwood, Llandaff, the E. S. Hill, Esq., Lieut.-Col. Glam. Artillery Volunteer of a daughter. LUTTENS—At 16, Onslow-square, Brompton, the wile C. Lutyens, Esq., of a son. LYLE—On the 6th inst., at 2, Temple Villas, D o ver, t he wife of Captain H. C. Lyle, Royal Artillery, of a Wu' ce STAVELEY— On the 4th tilt., at Poona, Bombay, the " of Brigadier-Gen. Sir C. Staveley, K.C.8., of a son. • Marriages. BERENS—STEwART—On the 6th inst. at Sparsholt , Winchester, Alex. A. Berens, E s q., o f Ashby St. Ladg e. o , Northamptonshire, to L ou i sa Wi n if re d , fif t h daughter the Rev. Edward Stewart, vicar of Sparsholt. G URNEY—IVAINMAN— On the sth inst., at Christ Cb u ,-. rt ,' high Harrogate, A r th ur G urney , Esq., of Dalian], rey, to Mary Anne, youngest daughter of the late Wainman, Esq., of Armley, near Leeds. Deaths. GUTHRIE— On the 6th inst., at St. Leonard's, Jas. Gu thrie ' Esq., of Craigie, Forfarshire. HAMILTON—On the 4th inst., at Cliff House, Bournemouth', Lady C. Baillie-Hamilton, daughter of the 9th Ear t ° v. Home, and widow of the Hon. and Rev. C. 13. wanilto HUTCHENS—On the 6th inst., at 7, Blandford-square, J3rae Hutchens, Esq., aged 72. JEAFFRESON—On the 7th inst., at 8, Finsbury-square, L'rertri Jeaffreson M.D., aged 57. MANLEY—On the sth inst., at Brentwood Villa, R. Itiau l ° ' ' Esq., aged 40. REEVES—On the 6th inst., at Halterwortb, Romsey , O AS. Reeves, Esq., aged 51. - . .pvf E London : Printed r, ad Pubiiched by WILLIAM AN 33... f,. of No. 112, Strand, Printer at Pim SUN 01116 c, No. Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Coun t y Midtileoew.— Saturday, December 8 , ißea always believed, that the process of Dixon and Co. was protected by an American patent, and that they had not discovered that this was not the case until the proceedings before the police-court. As the defendant was not heard, and the decision turned entirely upon the right of the plaintiffs to relief, having regard to their wrongful assumption of the term "patent," we do not enter into the case of the defendant upon the merits. Mr. Daniel, Q.C., and Mr. G. W. Hemmings , on behalf of the plaintiffs, contended that an extreme and flagrant case of robbery of the plaintiffs' desig nation was established against the defendant, and that although the Court declined to interfere in these cases between wrongdoers, yet this principle of outlawing a plaintiff from the protection of the Court would not be applied where no fraudulent intention could be attributed to him, and where there was some ground for making the reprezenta tion. The plaintiffs had adopted the term 4 , p a tent" in perfect good faith, and under the impression that Dixon and Co. were patentees ; and although they had been mistaken, there had been nothing ap proaching to intentional misrepresentation on their part such as would induce the Court to withhold relief. Mr. Giffard, Q.C., Mr. Haddam, and Mr. Freel ing for the defendant were not called upon. The Vice-Chancellor dismissed the bill with ecsts, observing that the conduct of the plaintiffs in making a representation as to these crucibles being patented without any reasonable ground for s.-P -posing such representation to be true was the same n the eye of the law (however innocently made, and however innocent in its effects upon the public), as a simple and deliberate attempt to defraud Loci mislead the public. In the contract of purchase from Messrs. Dixon there was not a syllable about any patent, and even if the plaintiffs (who might have ascertained the fact by searching the American records) did believe that Dixon and Co. held a patent, why did they use such a stamp, , 4 Morgar and Co., J. Dixon and Co.'s Patent," as woulc necessarily lead the public to believe that the paten% under which these crucibles were being sold was English, and not American? It was not like con tinuing to call an article patented after the patent had expired, but it was an application of the term to that which had never been patented at all, either in this country or in the United States. By oro tecting the plaintiffs in the use of their title the Court would be assisting them to mislead and de ceive the public, and under all the circumstances the bill must be dismissed with costs. The Pound Sterling. A correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce states the following as the data front which to calculate the value of a pound sterling In England 22 ounces of pure gold are gille d with 2 ounces of alloy ; this is called 22 carats fine, and is valued at £3 17s. 10d., 2 grains an ounce. In the United States 90 ounces of pure gold 15 mixed with 10 ounces of alloy of no value. 100 ounces of coin is worth $1,850 46 ; an ounce of coin is worth $lB 60. One ounce of pure gold, 1,000 fine, is coined into $20.67 18-100. A sovereign of England (new) weighs 5 dwts. 3 grains (worn ones not so much), and passes for a pound. By the above statement you may compute the in trinsic value of a sovereign or pound. By the help of a little arithmetic you will find that a pound sterling is $4 86-3 mills, and a little over. Less than 100 years since one of the States passe d a law that if any one owed 28 shillings he s hould be allowed to settle it with a guinea, which NOS called 21 shillings, and weighed 5 dwts. 9 grains• Since then the British Mint changed the coinage, and made sovereigns of 20 shillings. Twenty-one sovereigns to go for 20 guineas. The 21 sovereigns contain more pure gold than 20 gui neas by several shillings value. - - hil` OV O hi Ov t 1 ~. ~)a I f l-6 most all oc4 Me au ~,Ilase. 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