The Sun. — London, England, 1865-07-28 00:00:00

, THE UNITED STATES. (Fro2n the Times Correspondent.) NEW YORK, JULY 15. There is no section or party in America which is entirely satisfied with the present condition of the negro, or " freedman," to call him by his new name. He is free, but unless all the news we receive from the South is utterly fictitious, his freedom is only only another name for starvation. Thereason of this is plain. The first impulse of the freedman istoleave his master, and, in cases where he desires to stay, the master can no longer afford to keep him. Now that slaves are no longer property to be bought and sold in the market, the planters regard them as so much lumber. They have not the capital to set them to work, and consequently they are sent adrift to find food and shelter where they can. These facts are not contradicted by any one, for it is known that the negroes are dying by hundreds in the woods of the South, andinthe cities , where registries are kept, it is ascertained that the mortality among the negroes is terrible. In New Orleans, for instance, they are perishing so rapidly that several papers are seriously discussing the likelihood of the questions as to the future of the negro being settled by the extermina tion of the race. Beyond•all doubt the present gene ration will suffer great hardships by their sudden liberation, and it will take some years to bring the new system of free labour into suchworking order as that the black shall realise every advantage by his freedom. Planters who were considerate and fair in their treatment of their slaves—and it is not denied that there were many such--have been exhorted by their negroes not to turn them away, but they have not the means to keep them. This is one of the argu ments used to induce Mr. Johnson to annul the $20,000 exception clause. Mr. Johnson's answer, as you will have seen, is "Distribute your property among the poor until you have reduced it within the prescribed limit, and then you will come under the amnesty." This is one way of overcoming the diffi culty, but it is not a popular way, for the owners of property are of opinion that they have suffered enough already by the war. It is clear, therefore, that during this period of change the Government will have to adopt some measures for the protection of the negro. While giving him liberty, it has also released his master from the necessity of providing for his wants ; rend it is quite impossible that a system of free labour can be organised immediately. Meanwhile, the negro is perishing in want and misery. However well disposed he may be to work, he cannot find work to do. That the unhappiness of his position is felt by the Government is proved by the issue of a series of regulations, dated the 12th inst., by the Commissioner of " the Bureau of Refugees, Freed men, and Abandoned Lands." These instructions are addressed to the assistant - commissioners throughout the South, and they require employers to enter into proper contracts with their servants, before an agent, and they peremptorily forbid the use of compulsory unpaid labour. The order says " Suffering may result to some extent, but suffering is:preferred to slavery, and is to some extent the necessary consequence of events." Schools are to be established, and as many negroes as the Govern ment farms will support will find relief there. How these Government farms are working is not known, but as the department will for the future issue monthly reports there will shortly be trustworthy information on the subject. At present there is too much probability that the prediction of De Tocqueville will prove true—the negro " will sink to such a depth of wretchedness that, while servi tude brutalises, liberty destroys him." A Govern ment may decree freedom for the negro, but it can- not abolish the instinctive antipathies of race. It will not save him to give him the power to vote, and this question Mr. Johnson seems still disposed to leave entirely to the States to settle for themselves. No step can well be taken upon it until the meeting of Congress, which promises to be one of the most important sessions which -have been help during the whole history of the United States. It is now certain that the President intends to make his amnesty proclamation a policy of confisca tion, as applied to some of the principal leaders in smith. A Confiscation Department has been established in Richmond, under .Judge Underwood, and on the 10th inst. it began its duties by seizing the Trol,2gar to C;enerni .T R. Anderson. Notices have been servrd upon the itsnants of various other properties to cease paying runt to their landlords, and it is stated that many of the wealthy citizens of Richmond thus find all their means c3uddenly taken from them. This measure is so unexretod that it has sartled even the Radicals, who have been crying out for vengeance against the Southern landowners, and at present it is uncertain to what length Mr. Johnson intends to carry it out. It has caused a panic at Richmond, for it is thought that the persons who have been pardoned will not save their property, the pardon only securing them from personal pains and penalties. I am assured that it is not intended to deal harshly with any ex cept those who made themselves very prominent in the rebellion, but the signs are dark and ominous. It would seem that the few who escaped ruin during the war will find it fall upon them now, and conse quently the condition of the South threatens to be come more deplorable than ever. Already the justices of the peace for the county of Spottsyl vania, Virginia, have appealed to the public for aid `to save the inhabitants of that district from starva tion. They state that the " population has been obliged to seek forbread for more than a year past at points outside of and far distant from the county. If speedy help does not come from some quarter actual starvation must fall upon many families." At such a time a sweeping measure of confiscation would be disastrous in its consequences, but I am assured that uo such design is in contemplation by the Cabinet. It merely desires to make example of a few men. What plan will eventually be pursued for the dis posal of the national debt is probably as little fore seen by the Government as by the people. Mr. Johnson is evidently of opinion that the first and most important object he has to accomplish is the organisation of the South. In the meanwhile, as a man of great experience in public affairs remarked the other day, " the finances can take care of them e:elves." Nevertheless, there are few reflective men here who do not feel some disquietude concerning them. The danger of bonds which are at present held abroad being returned to this country is fully realised ; but, on the other hand, it is an encou raging circumstance that a large proportion of the debt is in the hands of small capitalists in the United States What is feared is that gradually the bonds will be accumulated by a small class, and that, in the words of a journal not disposed to take a desponding view of affairs, "in ten years from now the voters not holding any direct or controlling interest in the national debt will outnumber those who do more than ten to one." It will then be- - come necessary, continues this writer, to consider whether a larger share of representation should not be given to capitalists—in point of fact, that the representation shall no longer be based upon population only, but upon propert y. That such a proposition should be seriously discussed de notes one of the most curious changes in p u bli c opinion to which the war has given rise. Mr. Johnson owned recently that the " tendency seemed to be to restrict rather than to extend the suffrage." He was alluding to the proposal for enfranchising the negroes. The upholders of universal suffrage begin to be afraid that the system may break down, or prove fatally mischievous, under the pressure of heavily financial difficulties. Every man, they say, should still have one vote, but the large taxpayers should be entitled to more than one. "Repudiation" is not a pleasant word to any American who has a sincere regard for the credit of his country. But as 1 is b2c , lming more and more r of a certain section. Mr John::;on has ex.pr.-n.. - 31y said that " the debt must be p:-tid to the last farthing.," and that' he will have nothing to do with those " who even squint at repu diation." Yet it is felt that when the representatives of Southern Statas are once more in Congress there will be a large party ready to adopt the wholesale method of sweeping away the public debt by repu diating it. The strongest efforts of more enlightened politicians will be requisite to stem this particular current of opinion. It need scarcely be said that the mereantile classes are entirely with the President in maintaining that the debt must be paid. But the voice _of the people will prevail, and on which side that will be raised it is at present impossible to judge. One thing is certain, and it is that the com mercial crisis through which the country is passing is no less important than the political one. It is estimated by a commercial authority that the balance of trade in the fiscal year 1864-65 was against Am erica to the amount of $11,224,000. It is not likely that the exports can restore this balance for a con siderable time to come. It is demanded in some quarters that the Secre tary of the Treasury should at once contract the circulating medium, and so reduce the premium on gold. But against this it is rightly urged that while the Secretary is compelled to borrow at the rate of $20,000,000 per week as he is now doing, at inte rest as high as 7.30 per cent., it is idle to talk to him of contracting the currency. The present enor mous expenditure is caused by the work of paying off the army and the cost of transporting the men from place to place. With every effort that can be made, money enough is not forthcoming, and " cer tificates of indebtedness " are consequently issued-- promises to pay in from 6to 12 months. Although, therefore it is the opinion of some excellently informed men that the return to specie payments will be easier and quicker than the public suppose, no one pretends to point out how it is to be done. Where is the money to come from ? The Secretary of the Treasury would probably be thankful for some specific information on that important point. It is remarked with some expressions of dissatisfaction that the usual monthly returns of the debt have not yet been published for July. They should have made their appearance on the Ist inst. Among the other mysteries of finance which per plex the simple citizen is the circumstance that he is still obliged to pay war prices for everything he consumes. The expense of living in New York is in truth enough to ruin any man of moderate means. The hotels, where, as is well known, many families permanently reside, charge $6 a day (say £1 55.) for two poor rooms up three or four pairs of stairs, and it would require a prince's ransom to enable a man to take wine with his dinner. I have a market list of provisions and their prices before me, and from this it appears that for a loaf of bread of no parti cular weight, the bakers varying this as they think proper, 10c. (5d.) is charged. Butter is sold at the rate of is. Bd. a pound (to quote the price in Eng lish money) ; coffee, from 2s. Id. to 2s. 2d. ; sugar, about Bd. ; fair drinkable tea, ss. Bd. per lb. ; beef cannot be got fit to eat under Is. 3d. a pound ; mutton, from Is. to ls. 3d. ; spring chickens, from 4s. 2d. to 6s. 4d. a pair ; fowls are sold at Is. per lb. ; champagne fit to drink is £1 a bottle. These rates will serve to • give seme idea of the cost of living here, even if provisions are bought direct at the markets. When it is considered that a heavy per centage of profit is put on the foregoing prices by the hotel or boarding-house keeper, itwill be seen that no one has any busbless to come to New York with ideas of economy about him. All old-fashioned notions concerning prudence and thrift had better be left behind, " Foreigners" stare at being asked £5 or £6 fora coat made of " shoddy," and of a cut calculated to distract any one of proper sense or feeling. They do not like to pay 75c. (3s. lid.) for having their hair ruthlessly hacked and mangled in the style which seems to prevail among barbers here, and they object to pay $1 an hour (16s. Bd.) for the use of a vehicle which is not half so convenient as the London. " Hansom." Grumblers at the extor tion of London cabmen should EN C here . a few weeks, and try a little dealing with the independent and superior gentleman who condescends to drive cne about these streets. He enters freely into con versation with his fare, drives at what rate he likes, and charges at the end just what seems to him to be good. The most ricketty cab and the most ex tortionate of cabmen would be hailed with real joy by the stray Englishman in Broadway, who is now compelled to spring into a dirty omnibus while it is going at full speed, with no conductor at the door, and with a hole through the roof to enable him to pay the driver and tell him when to stop. Any traveller who is coming here, and has ideas of per sonal comfort had bet ter arrange his letters of credit on the largest scale. The income-tax list, which the papers publish here regularly, shows that there are numbers of merchants and others in New York IGZIL • ILL .t•AL,/ 1,..6.0 w 6 • .0,0 7 &O.? One gentleman is down for $1,300,000 (X 260,000). No doubt life could be made very tolerable in New York upon these conditions. A Provisional Governor for the State of Florida has been appointed by the President—Judge Mar vin. The whole of the seceded StateS have now properly appointed Governors, and it only remains to render the civil power complete by abolishing military courts. This, however, will probably not be attempted at present. Naval and Military Intelligence. , VALETTA, duly 23.—The Peninsular and Orien tal Company's steamer Ripon, which conveys this letter, arrived:to-day from Alexandria. The India mail not having arrived at Suez, she is proceeding with all possible despatch to Marseilles, to be in time to take out the next outward mails. The Psyche despatch vessel, Lieut.-Commander Blane, which left port to cruise in the offing prior to the issue of foul bills of health, received on the 15th inst., by means of. the steamtug Hearty, the de spatches to hand that day from England, for the Naval Commander-in-Chief, and the mails for the division sailing under him, and immediately pro ceeded with them to Barcelona. The 'mails were fumigated and secured in tarred boxes, bearing the Lazaretto seal. For the conveyance of the next mails due to-night the Tyrian gunboat is reserved, and proceeds to Port Rosaz to seek the Admiral. The Wanderer, 4, gun vessel, Commander M. C. Seymour, left port on the 15th inst., for England, to be paid off, taking as passengers Capt. Ching and Serg. Blencoe,.4th Regiment. The Assurance, 4, Commander H. B. Woolcombe, left port on, the 17th inst., for Benghazi, Constantinople, and the Danube. She • conveys to Benghazi Mr. Dennis, British Consul there, who has been spending a few weeks at Malta for the benefit of his health. The Chanticleer, 17, Commander Fenwick, having had one of her crew attacked with cholera, was ordered to sea on the 16th 'inst., and rmaained cruising in the offing under canvas until the 19th, when she re entered the Marsamuscetti, without any new case. The other ships of war in port continue perfectly free from sickness, and I am informed the patients now in the Naval Hospital from other diseases do not exceed twenty in all, which is very satisfactory. Recent telegrams from Alexan dria announce the rapid decrease of the scourge. The last report brings the figure down to only seven deaths in that city. It is also said to be wearing itself out at Cairo. A rumour, however, is current, on the strength of a private letter from Suez, that there had been a case of undoubted plague there. Bnt if this rumour were true, Her Majesty's 'consular authorities would have most assuredly reported it officially by telegraph. We are now put to some inconvenience from the Italian ' line of steamers having discontinued running to Malta, owing to the refusal to Sicilian Boards of Health to admit them on their return from Malta. Gibraltar has established seven days' quarantine on arrivals from Alexandria. Her Majesty's steam gun vessel Weser, Commander Johnston, was paid off on the 19th inst., and her officers and crew been turned over to the receiving -ship Hibernia, to await rThaehl‘y\T e b s e e r brokenb ' eingr i o i t p - . tae n c conveyance unseaworthyyance En d glawnill. pob She is one of the two gunboats received from the ' Prussian Government in exchange for our sailinc , frigate Thetis. for Majesty's frigate Phcebe, 35, and Corvette Pelican, 17, are daily expected here, the former from Corfu and the Pirmus, and the lat ter from Beyrout. Commander Sterne, R.N., Capt. Davidson, Lieut. E. L. Kinvan, and Lieut. T. G. Wilson, left on the 12th instant in the Nyanza for Gibraltar and Southampton. Lieut. J. Maycock, R.N., left on the 19th in the English yacht Petrel, for Patras. The only merchant vessel in the port which has had a case of cholera on board is au Aus trian bark. In the island generally the disease has made little head during the week, with the excep tion of three days, when the total attacks numbered 10 one day, 8 another, and yesterday rose to 17, with six deaths. The heat has been excessive dur ing the last 48 hours. Yesterday, the Lords Commissioners of the Ad miralty commenced their annual inspection of the ships of war, the dockyard, and other naval esta blishments, together with the extensive works now in progress for the enlargement of the dockyard at Chatham. They arrived by the mid-day express train, and on alighting at the station entered the carriages in waiting, and were driven direct to the Royal Marine barracks, where they arrived shortly before noon. The members of the Board present comprised the Duke of Somerset, K.G., First Lord ; Admiral the Hon. Sir F. A. Grey, G.C.B. ; Rear- Admiral C. Eden, C.B. ; Rear-Admiral the Hon. J. R. Drummond, C. 8., and Mr. H. C. E. Childers, M.P. ; Rear-Admiral R. S. Robinson, Controller of the Navy ; Capt. A. Clarke, Royal Engineers, Director of Admiralty engineering and architectural works; Capt. R. Bull, private secretary to the Duke of Somerset ; Sir R. Mayne, Chief Commissioner ; and Mr. Mallalieu, Chief Superintendent of the Metropolitan Police, and other officials. On alight ing at the Royal Marine barracks their lordships were received by Major-Gen. A. B. Stransham, Inspec tor-Gen. of Royal Marines ; Col. G. C. Langley, Deputy Adit.-General ; Col. J. 0. Travers. C. 8., Commandant of the division ; Col. 11. Marriott, Second Commandant; and the other officers of the staff at head-quarter. The division, which num bered 28 companies, formed into two battalions, were drawn up in the barrack square, where their lordships were received with the usual honours, colours lowered, theband playing "Rule Britannia." After marchidg past in slow and quick time, and executing a few other manoeuvres which the limited extent of the present parade ground would admit of, the battalions were reformed, and officers and colours called to the front, when the usual general salute brought the inspection to a close. The Duke of Somerset and the other members of the Board then quitted the parade-ground and proceeded to make an inspection of the new wing and other buildings of the Royal Marine Barracks, and completed since the occasion of their former inspection. The additional block of buildings, which is a prolongation of the pre- sent barracks, accommodates between 600 and 700 men. The whole of the works completed and in progress have been carried out by Messrs. Foord and Sons, at Rochester, under the superintendence of Mr. Rivers, the head of the department of works at Chatham. About an hour was spent in the in- spection of buildings and other departments of the barracks, including the handsome reading and re creation rooms recently erected at the rear of the barracks for the sole use of the non-commissioned officers and men of the division. A visit was also paid to the works in progress to the eastward of the Royal Marines, the side on which the new quarters are being erected forming a portion of the waste ground at the extremity of the dockyard which has been taken in for the purpose. After completing their inspection of the Royal Marine establishments, their lordships visited the Royal Naval Hospital at Melville, over which they were conducted by Dr. Nelson, principal medical officer, and the staff of the establishment. Only a short time was spent at the hospital and several of the wards, which sufficed to show that they were models of cleanliness:and order. Leaving Melville, the Duke of Somerset and the other members of the board proceeded to the gun shed battery for the purpose of witnessing the prac tice made by the gunners of the Royal Marines with the ship's large guns. The party consisted of about 100 of the non-commissioned officers and men who happened to be going through their usual gunnery instruction under the direction of Captain E. A. Wylde, the gunnery instructor 'to the division. The battery is fitted to resemble the main deck of a man of-war, and is furnished with the 110-pounder and 49-pounder Armstrongs, and the ordinary 95 cwt. smoothbore guns. The latter only were used on the occasion of the inspection, and the rapid manner in which the guns were cast loose, run in, loaded, trained, and fired elicited very favourable comments from the members of the board. Their lordships arrived at the dockyard shortly before 2 o'clock, and were received by Capt. W. 11. Stewart, C. 8., supe rintendent; Capt. E. Tatham, of the Bellerophon ; Commander Stevens, of the Wellesley; Commander Stokes- 14inciDal master attendant and Queen's liar mas .der ;• Ir. inormon, principal iLaaotii ouip builclct; Mr. Law's, storekeeper; Mr. Baker, chief inspector of machinery, and various other officials. They were engaged for some time at first at the office of the Captain Superintendent in transacting official business, and in considering the estimate to be submitted to the new Parliament with regard to the dockyard. After taking lunch at the official re sidence of Capt. Stewart their Lordships were en gaged until late in the afternoon in receiving depu tations of workmen from the chief trades carried on in the dockyard, in order to hear from their own lips the grievances under which it is alleged they suffer. During the time none of the officials of the dockyard were present, the Duke of Somerset and the other members of the Board alone being in the room, into which the members of each deputation were ushered. The deputations included workmen belonging to the ropemakers, sailmakers, plumbers, joiners, shipwrights, and some other trades, the various spokesmen urging on the attention of their Lordships the grievances of which they complained, relating chiefly to the inadequate rate of pay which they now receive. As each body of workmen left the presence of the Board they were assured that the matters complained of should have every attention. Shortly after 4 o'clock the last of the deputations had been heard, and their Lordships then proceeded to the new spinning establishment, erected since the last visit of the Board. The building appropriated for this purpose is a portion of the old ropery and hemp rooms, which have been converted into a spinning room 250 ft. in length by 60ft. in width. The whole of the spinning-jennies, 48 in number, have been supplied by Messrs. Fairbairn and Co., of Leeds, and are the largest of the kind yet con structed. A new feature in dockyard labour is that the whole of the machines are managed by young women, no male hands being employed in this portion of the establishment. After com pleting their inspection of the spinning -rooms their Lordships proceeded to make a tour of the dock yard for the purpose of inspecting the new works completed and in progress, and the ironclad vessels in dock fitting. A brief inspection was made of the screw corvette Reindeer, 17, commenced on No. 2 slip in 1860, but the whole of the hands employed on it were withdrawn until a few weeks since, when orders were given that she should be completed. Owing, however, to the length of time she has been lying on the stocks she has been attacked with dry rot, and a considerable portion of her keel is now in course of removal. She has about 40 hands now employed on her, who will scarcely complete her in six months. According to existing orders, she is to be strengthened throughont, in order to carry seven heavy guns—four at her broadsides, and three first guns. She is also to be fitted with a topgallant.. forecastle. The ironclad frigate Lord Warden, 24, 1000-horse power, in No. 2 dock, was next inspected by their Lordships. Only a few of her broadside plates have been fitted in their place, but the work of armour-plating her is being pushed forward as rapidly as possible. The huge metal-shaped cleaver intended to be fitted to the stem of the frigate for offensive purposes has been completed in the foun dry, and is ready for fixing in its place. The Bellerophon, iron-cased frigate, in the adjoining dock, was next - inspected by their Lordships, who spent some time on board. The work of plating this frigate is getting well forward. Their Lordships at the termination of their inspection last evening went on board the steam yacht Enchantress, lying off the dockyard, where they slept last night. They will resume and bring to a close their inspection this morning. The following appointments have been made at the Admiralty ;—Lieut. Geo. Hesketh, to the Indus ; the Rev. E. S. P owles, chaplain and naval instruc tor, to the Octavio.; the Rev. E. J. Hitching, chap lain and naval instructor, to the Constance ' • the Rev. C. Clark, chapl a i n , to the Resistance ; Henry Leah, midshipman, to the Duncan ; Edward F. G. Creagh, John F. Hayes, and J. P. O'Neil, naval cadets, to the Constance ; Dudley Court, Edwin J. P. Gallway, William Betts, and Harry C. Kenyon Slaney, naval cadets, to the Octavia ; Gustave H. George and Reginald R. Niell, naval cadets, to the Arethusa ; Harry D. Law, naval cadet, to the Vic toria ; James B. Fellowes, naval cadet, to the Phoebe ; William Harvey, naval cadet, to the Achilles ; and Francis H. Davis, naval cadet, to the Prince Consort. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, GOODWOOD RAGES.—TuvasDAY. THE CUP DAY. Popularly regarded as tha last great summer racing fete of the season, and pre-eminently distinguished by its attractions, the "Cup Day" has this year been celebrated with all its usual grandeur and effectiveness. People are so impressed with the future that they are accustomed to look with a cold eye on, or depreciate, the past ; and by this reasoning turf reporters are in the habit of describing each successive Goodwood Meeting as the most brilliant upon record. Still there can bo no question that the grand day, as celebrated this year, has never been sur passed in the annals of the ducal gathering. The weather was magnificent, and if the air was somewhat oppressive, the Italian sky, and the vast extent of wooded landscape and undulating country lit up into such beauty, enlivened the somewhat jaded senses. The "Ladies' Day" brought out a charming display of the high-bred daughters of England in all that luxury of dress which distinguishes the modern feminine taste. The Brighton platform in the morning was a perfect promenade of such fashion as is usually associated with a "show" at Chiswick, and from an early hour heavily laden trains from the metropolis reached Dray ton and Chichester. At these places of debarkation the scene was most animated, the flys, omnibuses, and drags, being speedily filled with visitors to the park. Clouds of dust were raised by the great, traffic through the lanes, and we would suggest that in future some officer for the Pre vention of Cruelty to Animals be stationed at the ascents, whew the gipsy drivers ta-day inflicted shameful cruelties on the miserable "bags of bones" which they denominated "leaders." Few can tell how hard it is to climb these hills under a broiling sun, and it must detractfrom the pleasures of refined people to witness the barbarities inflicted on the half-starved animals, whose only food is an occasional nibble on a roadside common. It was generally agreed that the attendance of the company was immense ; the ring was crammed and the roar of speculation was incessant. The " Ladle's Lawn" presented a most striking appearance, to which no pen could do justice, and the " Court Newsman" alone would venture on any description of the toilettes. The Prince and Princess of Wales, it was anticipated, would be present ; but their Royal Highnesses, not having completed their tour in the west of England, were absent. The card presented the formidable array of eleven races, but on dissection it was evident most of the fields would be very small. The sport commenced at half-past 1 with a Sweepstakes for two year fillies over the T.Y.C., the three coloured going to the post. Valeria, although carrying 51b. penalty, was greatly fancied, from the easy manner in which she won over this course on Tuesday, and odds of 9 to 4 were heaped on Lord Stam ford's filly; but, after lying well in front till within a couple of hundred yards of the chair, she was passed by Ischia, who won in a canter by six lengths. Archimedes, in the Racing Stakes, one mile, was a great favourite with the gentlemen, who laid the odds of 2 to 1 to very large amounts on him; and Lord Stamford's colt justified the • confidence of his backers by cutting down his opponents, Longdown and Pantaloon, and winning in a canter by a length and a half. For the lklolecomb Stakes but three of the eleven on the Card were sent to the post—viz., Student, Vespasian, and Redan, each penalised 51b for previous vic tories ; but Student, with odds of 5 to 2 on him, had no difficulty in placing this valuable stake to Mr. Merry's ac count. The Goodwood Cup was set for 3 o'clock, and at a few minutes past that hour 9 of the 14 numbers on the card were hoisted on the telegraph board. The absentees were Blackdown, Moose, Surrey, Archimedes, and Wild Charley; the latter scratched about an hour before the start. After the preliminary canter the competitors, walking in Indian file, were conducted by Mr. M'George up the course the whole length of the stand and lawn and back to the starting post, to enable the occupants of the enclosure to inspect them. A magnificent start was followed by the usual cry of " They're off !"- and as they went past the stand the first time every one watched their particular fancy with great Anxiety, and the common impression was that Eltham did not move with that freedom expected from him, and that his action was short, or " scratching ;" while Ely, about whose starting reports had constantly circulated in the ring, was the very picture of condition, and being an immensely popular favourite was the most admired, and won like a thoroughly great horse, having everything safe coming down the bill, and winning in a canter by two lengths from Catnbuscan, General Peel never showed in the race, and for the future public faith in his prowess will be utterly destroyed. Lord Glasgow has been most unfortu nate with him, and the grand looks of " The General" seem like the voice of the syren, to lead his backers into continual distress. Privateer ran into a "situation," thus following up the improved form he has lately displayed. When the victor of the Ascot and Goodwood Cups returned to weigh in,ownei,tratuis, probusiastically cheered which was renewed when the certifying ultimatum "All wag pronounced by the clerk of the scales. Imme diately after the decision of the Cup the company began to disperse', the remainder of the racing being interesting only to speculators and owners. The Chichester Stakes was a tremendous blow ,to the backers, as Belle of the Ball was scarcely mentioned, and was only backed by those Who fol low the fortunate Jemmy Gri,mshaw. The racing, with re maining events of the day, will be found - amply detailed below. A Sweepstakes of 200 sous each, for two -Sr-olds; fillies, Bst 101 b each; certain allowances. T.Y.C. 4 subs. Duke of Beaufort's Ischia, Bst 101 b Lord Stamford's Valeria, Bst blb (Carroll ) 2 Lord Glasgow's Brown Boss f., Bst 101 b ...(A. Edwards) 3 Betting-9 to 4on Valeria and 100 to 30 agst Ischia. Valeria held a clear lead into the dip,where the Brown Bess filly gave way beaten, and Ischia joined Valeria, whom she headed within the distance, winning easily by six lengths ; the Barbatus filly beaten off. The Racing Stakes of 50 sovs each, for three-yr-old ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 11b ; winners extra. 7 subs. Lord Stamford's Archimedes, Bst 71b (Carroll) 1 Mr. Spencer's Longdown, Bst 71b (Fordham) 2 Marquis of Hastings's Pantaloon, Bst 71b (Cannon) 3 Betting-2 to lon Archimedes and 3to 1 agst Longdown. The latter took up the running immediately after starting and soon held a lead of about six lengths, Archimedes going on second, clear of whom followed Pantaloon to the turn into the straight, where Archimedes drew up, and at the commencement of the rails headed Mr. Spencer's horse and won, pulling double, by a length and a half ; Pantaloon a bad third.. The Molecomb Stakes of 50 sous each, h ft for two-yr olds ; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b ; winners extra ; the second to save his stake. T.Y.C. Twenty-seven subs. Mr. Merry's Student, 9st llb (in. 51b ex)...(A. Edwards 1 Mr. Henry's Vespasian. 9st llb (in. 51b ex)...V. Goater 2 Lord St. Vincent's Redan, 9st llb (in. 51b ex) (Fordham 3 Betting-5 to 2on Student, and 100 to 30 agst Redan. The favourite with Redan at his girths came on clear of Vespasian to the distance, whore Mr. Mercy's colt had his two opponents safe, and taking a Blear lead, won, hard held, by two lengths, Radom, who was eased opposite the stand, was a head in the rear of Vespasian. The Goodwood Cup, value 300 sovs, added to a Sweepstakes of 20 sovs each, h ft ; the owner of the second horse to receive 100 sous out of stakes. Two miles and a half. Twenty-eight subs. Mr. W. S. Cartwright's Ely, 4 yrs, 9st 7lb ...(Custance' Lord Stamford's Cambuscan, 4 yrs, 9st (Carrot' Mr. Savile's Privateer, 4 yrs, Bst 10Ib (Loates' Lord Glasgow's General Peel, 4 yrs, 9st 71b ...Aldcrofe Mr. W. Morris Union Jack, 4 yrs, 9 s t • (?ordham' Baron Rothschild's Breeze, 4 yrs, Bst 101 b Wells Mr. Perry's liollyfox, 4 yrs, Bst 51b (W. Boyce, Duke of Beaufort's Todloben, 3 yrs, 7st 71b ...(Cannon, Mr. W. Robinson's Eltham, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (11. Grinishaw: Betting-100 to 30 agst Eltham, 4 to 1 agst Ely, 5 to 1 agst General Peel, 6 to 1 agst Cambuscan, 8 to 1 agstUnion Jack, 15 to 1 each agst Breeze and Privateer, and 20 to 1 agst Todleben. After the nine competitorshad taken their preliminary canters they were marshalled in front of the Stand by Mr. M'George, who, having got them in a line, dispatched them at the first attempt to an even start. Privateer at once went to the front, Todleben being out of the straight, when Privateer carried on the running about two lengths in advance of Breeze, in close company with whom was Union Jack ; Hollyfox at the head of the others. Descending the hill Hollyfox ran up to Union Jack, and took third place, the latter having immediately in his wake Eltham and Ely, nearly side by side, General Peel and Cambuscan bringing up the rear. Proceeding round the turn to " the Clump" General Peel dropped further astern, and nearing the Plantation Privateer still showed the way. Breeze having run into second place, was followed by the others in a cluster to the foot of the hill, but nearing the T.Y.C. post Hollyfox dropped back, and General Peel ran through his horses and took a more pro minent position to the half-mile post. At this point Privateer dropped back into fourth place, and Ely came out and entered the straight with the lead, Cambuscan lying at his side; whilst on the left-hand side of the course were Todleben,Union Jack, and Eltham, Privateer lying in the centre of the course. Half way up the rails Union Jack was headed by Privateer, who rau in close company with Cambuscan to the distance, where Breeze, who had been running well up, gave waY, beaten, and at the com mencement of the lawn Eltham, who up to this point was close up with the leaders, compounded, and, Cambuscan tiring on the hill, Ely increased his advantage, and with out scarcely being roused won easily by two lengths; Privateer, third, finished only a neck in the rear of Lord Stamford's horse ; Union Jack was fourth ; Eltham fifth ; Todleben, at an interval of several lengths, sixth; followed by General Peel, Breeze, and Hollyfox, who wore stopped, and walked in with the crowd. Wild Charley was scratched at half-past two p.m. The Sussex Stakes of 25 soya each, for two-yr-old colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b ; penalties and allowances. T.Y.C. Five subs. Duke of Beaufort's Jack-iu-the-Green, Bst 41b(Fordham) 1 Count F. do Lagrange's Simonette, Bst 11b(J.Grimsha , w) 2 Betting -8 to 1 on Jack-in-the-Green, who led through out and w on i n a canter b y 20 lengths. Chichester Stakes (Handi ca p) o f 10 sous each, h ft, with 100 added; for 3-yr-olds and upwards. T.Y.C. Twenty-- one subs. Mr. Saunders's Bell of the Ball, 5 yrs, 7st Plb(J.Grimshaw) 1 Col. Baillie's Master Richard, 4 yrs, 9st 21b...(Fordham) 2 Capt. D. Lane's Blue Mantle, 5 yrs, Bst 3 1b(H.Grimshaw) 3 The following also ran :—Lord Douglas, The Monk, .A.udax, Giant, and Indigestion. Betting-2 to 1 agst Master Richard, sto 1 agst Audax, 6 to 1 agSt Lord Douglas, 100 to 15 each agst Belle of the Ball and The Monk, and 8 to 1 agst Blue Mantle. Blue Mantle was first off, but in a few strides was headed by Belle of the Ball and Master Richard, who carried on the running to the end, the former, without being headed, win ning by two lengths ; a length separated the second and third ; Giant was a bad fourth, Audax fifth, The Monk and Indigestion beaten off. The Fourteenth Bentinck Memorial Stakes of 10 soya, for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 31b. One mile and a half. 36 subs. Count F. de Lagrange's Gladiateur, Bst 71b (H. Grimshaw) w.o. The Thirteenth Bentinck Memorial Stakes 0f.20 Boys each, for 4-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b. 3 miles 5 furlongs. 37 subs. Mr. Bowes's Baragah, Bst 71b (Fordham) 1 Mr. G. Bryan's Lady Hylda, Bst 41b (P. French) 2 Betting-3 to lon Baragah. Lady Hylda made play till half way up the enclosure, where Baragah headed her, and won easily by three lengths. The Zetland Stakes of 100 soya each, h ft, for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b ; certain allowances. One mile. 5 subs. Count F. de Lagrange's Le Mandarin, Bst 71b (H. Grimshaw) w.o. A Sweepstakes of 50 soya each, h ft, for 3-yr-olds; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 51b. Mile and a half. 6 subs. Mr. Henry's Wild Agnes, Sat 51b (Deacon) w.o. The Fifteenth Bentinck Memorial Stakes of 10 sous each, for 2-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b fillies, Bst 41b. T.Y.C. 26 subs. Mr. Merry's Student, Bst 71b (A. Edwards) w.o, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The current number of the Revue des Deux Itiondes contains an article on the finances of America which resembles nothing so much as one of the circulars in which Mr. Jay Cooke, the financial agent of Pennsylvania, puffs the securities which he wishes to force upon the market. Anything which finds a place in the Revue is on that account alone worthy of attention, and the return of peace in America will naturally attract readers to the article in question, but we cannot congratulate our con temporary on this last contribution to its pages. We are told that the author, Mr. George Walker, has been inspector of banks in Massachusetts,' and had thus peculiar opportunities of studying the financial condition of his country; but we fear that he is but another of those practical men who have been con versant with the details of commercial life without having mastered the theory of their movement. He presents the world with a glowing picture of the United States in their present as well as their future condition, and would have us believe that a civil war and an enormous national debt have enriched his nation. For the sake of the world we regret that the picture is too good to be true. The United States are undoubtedly destined to play a great part in future history, b u t we mus t b e li ev e, in spite of Mr. Walker's arguments to the contrary, that they will long feel the effects of the great struggle through which they have passed. Mr. Walker declares that it is a mistake to suppose that the ,United States have been at all impoverished by their four years of war, and he gives as a reason for his statement the fact that the 'greate r pa r t of the debt has been raised within the Union. This in itself would seem to be insufficient, but he goes on to say that since the out break of hostilities the rich have become richer, and labourers have earned better wages, and this because the Government has ordered and consumed a consi derable mass of commodities, and the withdrawal of hundreds of thousands of men from industrial pur suits to fill the ranks of the army has cleared the labour market and bettered the fortune of those who were left. It is scarcely credible that any one pretending to be an authority can be deceived by such trash as this. It is strange that the sanguine reasoner does not see what an easy way it discovers for the world to become rich. It is not necessary that any one should be grieved with the fatalities of war. 11 e could try the experiment and keep at peace with our neighbours. Let half the artisans of the kingdom be assembled at Salisbury Plain, and be constantly fur nished with all manner of articles, which they shall be required deliberately to break to pieces and de stroy. Surround the island with Bishop Berkeley's wall of brass, so that no other nation shall interfere with the experiment. There will then be at the same time a perpetual demand for labour and a removal of superfluous competition from the labour-market; no foreign debt will be created, and we shall be getting rich amain. Such, at least, is Mr. Walker's argument, although it must be plain to all men that if the plan were persevered in we should at last find i+ ;. to hn bn r ro, •lebnm.,l of our folly. After this sample of Mr. Walker's rea soning we might be excused if we dismissed his con tribution to the Revue without further consideration, but it is worth while to glance a little at his main argument. Shortly it is this :—IIe finds the valua tion of the real and personal property of the United States at the time of the Census of 1850 to have been about £1,427,000,000, and at the Census of 1860 to have been about £3,232,000,000, showing an increase in the ten years of 126 per cent. ; the population in the same time rose from 23,191,876 to 31,445,080. Mr. Walker then assumes that some thing like these rates of increase in population and wealth have continued since 1860, and will continue during the remainder of the century ; and, assuming also that the public debt will not be increased, he compares the burden of it at th e severa l d ecenn i a l periods with the increasing population and wealth, and shows how small it will be, and how easily it might be extinguished. Almost every step of this argument is erroneous. In the first place as to the assumed Census of the property of the country. This included in 1860 the value of the slaves, reckoned, as they then were, as so much tax able property of their owners ; and, according to American authorities, something like £400,000,000 must be deducted from the total on account of this item. Next all the money of English and other capitalists invested in American undertakings is in cluded in the valuation of property in the States. It would be impossible to form an estimate of this amount, but it is well known that a very consider able portion of the railways of America was made with foreign capital. Lastly, the peculiar way of assessing the assets of banks for the purposes of the Census caused a great deal of property to be enu merated twice over. The capital of each bank was included in the Census, although the capital was, in fact, lent to customers who had invested it in pro perty which was also included. We have had suffi cient to show that the estimate of the real and per sonal property of the citizens of the United States in 1860 cannot be taken as accurate ; but the error of assuming it to be true is slight compared with the error of supposing that no portion of the na tional property has since been destroyed. A national debt has been created which in round numbers amounts to six hundred millions. State debts have been enormously increased, but of these amounts we have no return. Confining our attention to the debt of the Union, a very considerable portion of it was, of course, spent in capital which is either unproduc tive or has been absolutely destroyed. It can scarcely be an exaggeration to suppose that two-thirds of the capital raised by the Federal debt has in this way been wholly lost to the world, and we may assume an amount very nearly as great to have been con sumed by the Confederates during their struggle. There must, of course, be added to this the capital destroyed in consequence of the operations of the war; the cities, towns, and homesteads, battered to pieces, and the railroads and canals broken up and rendered useless. If we estimate the capital thus destroyed to be half as great as the capital directly consumed in war, we have £400,000,000, £400,000,000, and £200,000,000, or £1,000,000,000, absolutely sunk during the contest. We are not now considering whether the money was not well invested—we are only concerned with the totals, which can scarcely be questioned. We are driven, then, to the conclusion that the total property of American citizens has receded in value since 1860, and cannot very much exceed what it was in 1850. Nor can it be supposed that the former rate of increase of national wealth will henceforth be maintained unchanged. Mr. Walker ignores the influence of the existing debt and the taxation to which it must give rise as checks on production. He ignores the prohibitory duties which are so successful in preventing American citizens from buying in the cheapest market that the cus toms revenue is dwindling away under their influence, and he takes no account of the inland taxes which have been fastened upon every branch of industry, and must hinder their free development. We who know nothing of the inverse process, whose wealth and commerce slowly grew through long year s o f restrictive policy, and have since widely expanded under the influence of free trade, can estimate the effects of restrictions upon industries which have hitherto been free. The last objecti on t o M r. Walker's argument is that he antedates the period of equilibrium between national income - and expen diture. . It is said that the national debt of the States is increasing at the rate of £400,000 a day. .This probably an exaggeration, but the in crease is still portentous. M r . Walker' hopes that the growth of the debt 'ill be arrested i n 1867, w hen its amount . will be £648 , 000 ,000, and the annual interest will be £35,640,000 ; b u t , as th e ra t e o f increase at present is c er t a i n l y not l ess t h an a hun dred millions a year, we must dismiss these estimates as too sanguine. We do not suppose that the debt of the United St a t es, great as p is, will crush the energies of the American people. They have over- come greater difficulties, and are not likely to be I deterred by the less. It is, however, idle to deny that the future is serious, and will tax all the finan cialability of the nation ; and it is on that account that the flourishing statement of Mr. Walker should be promptly suppressed. It is evident enough that Mr. Walker, like many more of his countrymen, has been unable to appreciate the great influence hich the issue of an irredeemable currency has had upon the financial history of the Federation. In many parts of his essay he puts forth statements which are seen to be baseless when the difference between currency and specie is taken into account. The issue of irredeemable paper has greatly increased the capital of the American debt, and has to some extent undermined the morals of the nation ; but it made the financial conduct of the was for a short season comparatively easy. Mr. M'Culloch seems to have been the first Secretary of the Treasury who saw the dangers of unlimited issues, and expressed a desire for their contraction. If he remains in office long enough, and is adequately supported by his colleagues, he may in time create a sound public opinion in America on questions of finance, but the publication of such an essay as that by Mr. Walker sufficiently shows the difficulties which await him. HERALD.—Is it true that the " coining gun" is really just about to come—if, indeed, it be not come already ? Must our iron-clads imitate the conduct of Alexander's soldiers, who, when assailed by red hot sand from the ramparts of Tyre, stripped off their armour and stood defenceless before their foes ? Something worse than burning silex threatens our Warriors and Bellerophons. The shield of Hercules has been held up at Shoeburyness, and beneath its massive panoply the Lords of the Admiralty have thought to defend themselves from the mightiest artillery of modern times—an idea in which Sir William Armstrong has somewhat humoured them. But new theories are now afloat, and gunpowder is being worked after a novel fashion. Bellona is putting on fresh terrors, and is winging her missiles with fearfully augmented force. Mr. Mackay, with a peculiar gun, threatens to hurl a symmetrical bolt—either as shot or shell—clean through the substance of the Hercules target, although the calibre of his ordnance be no more than that of a 68-pounder. If Sir William Armstrong has done much, Mr. Mackay will do more, mad h 9 challenges the great oracle of modern artillery to bring out his 300-pounder and match it against the 68-pounder with which the official target is to be forthwith knocked into splinters. With his comparatively little gun Mr. Mackay defies the heaviest naval gun we have yet succeeded in putting afloat ; and such is this gentleman's confidence in the result that he promises, in the event of failure, not only to acknow ledge himself beaten, but to give up his gun and sacrifice all further claims to be considered as an artillerist. The great duel between the Armstrong 300-pounder and the Mackay 68-pounder is to be the experiinentum crucis by which the pretensions of the Mackay artillery are to be for ever settled. It is impossible not to admire the rigorous sim plicity of the test and the boldness of the chal lenge. If General St. George and the Ordnance Select Committee consent to this tournament of the guns, there is every probability that some highly-important results will be practically demon strated—unless, indeed, Sir William Armstrong backs out of the combat, or introduces a gun which in some important particular shall be modelled on the Mackay type. It is nothing new for inventors to have their ideas appropriated by their competitors. It is just possible that Sir W. Armstrong may even improve on Mr. Mackay, and that the basis of the controversy may be altogether shifted. But, taking things as they are, facts and figures seem to prove that the Mackay artillery is decidedly superior to any that has yet been tried in the Thames marshes. Certainly, whatever Captain Blakely and Mr. Whitworth may say, Sir William Armstrong appears to be, outdone. In the 12- pounder field gun competition now going forward between Sir William and Mr. Mackay, we find the latter making 12 hits and 3 misses where the former accomplishes 6 hits and 9 misses, the range being a thousand yards. In the matter of velocity the difference is altogether startling, the rate of the Mackay projectile being nearly double that of the Armstrong, thus giving a lower trajectory for the same range, or a lower range for the same elevation. In the element of rifling Mr. Mackay appears to transcend all his competitors, the grooves in his gun making as many as two complete tuns, instead of the usual half or three-quarter turn. His projec tiles are thus made to spin with unexampled rapidity, giving them precision of flight and insur ing greater accuracy of aim. With elongated shot it is imperatively necessary—in the case of a power ful obstacle—that the projectile should strike the object straight and fair, and not come down upon it with a sidelong blow. If these conditions are not complied with it is in vain that enlarged charges are employed. Sir William Armstrong has recently proved in his own experience that GO pounds of powder give him even a worse result against the tiereules target, Ulan 4) pounds, the increased velocity not being accompanied by an augmented degree of rotation. The form of the shot also has much to do with this question, and in this respect Mr. Mackay seems to have achieved a decided advantage. It is stated that Captain Blakely recently received an order from the Rus sian Government to provide them with several thou sand cannon-shot—they cared not what pattern was adopted—they simply required the best. C apt. Blakely, it is asserted, at once adopted the Mackay model, and the Russian Government accepted the supply at a cost of many thousands of pounds. Mr. Mackay, it is reported, now demands a royalty of a pound per shot on the projectiles so supplied, which will amount to a very handsome sum if he succeeds in getting it. Be all this as it may—though we have reason to believe the story true—the Mackay projectile is greatly admired for the scientific beauty of its form, and the practice made with it seems to justify this degree of appreciatiOn. The particulars of the 12-pounder competition have recently ap peared in our columns, and Mr. Mackay has made a public profession of his delight in unexpectedly finding such information given to the world. Mr. Mackay's claims on our attention are simply depen dent on the national value of . his experiments. Should any one transcend Mr. Mackay our atten tions are at once transferred to the new artillerist. The individual is nothing in a matter of this sort— it is a question of guns and not of men. With per sonal feuds and petty squabbles we have nothing to do; but on behalf of the nation we feel it our duty, as journalists, to defend and encourage every inven tor who fairly promises to improve the defences of the kingdom. Of course we are interested in what ever Mr. Mackay has to say, as well as in what he does, so long as he keeps to the main point. Thus we appreciate the statement that his present 12- pounder at Shoeburyness is an old hack which has been altered no less than thirteen times, and has lost 500 yards of its range in consequence. It has been bored out twice, grooved four times, cut off its length four times, and altered in the vent three times. After all these transformations the residuary gun is palpably superior to the official weapon, leaving us to suppose that the Mackay theory may yet pass through another pro cess, and give us the very ne plus ultra of a guu. One marked peculiarity in the Mackay artillery is the amount of windage which it tolerates, and which it seemingly turns to profitable account. It is this windage which appears to facilitate the rota tion of the shot. The perfect combustion of the powder is also an important adjunct to the success of the gun. Between the powder and the shot comes a layer of sawdust, which delays the impact of the powder during that infinitesimal period which allows of the complete evolution of the gases. When the shot begins to move the full bulk of the powder is in a state of ignition, and uses the whole of its exploding power in twisting the projectile and driving it out. The combustion of the powder, coupled with the blazing sawdust, is so complete that scarcely any smoke escapes from the mouth of the gun—a fact of great importance in connection with casemates and armaments between decks. Thus Mr. Mackay has not only studied the best form to be given to his guns and projectiles, but also the best use to be made of his gunpowder, and so fully is he satisfied with the success of his endeavours that he , is confident of his ability to upset both Mr. Reed and Sir William Armstrong, the Hercules shield and the official ordnance. The velocity of the Mackay projectile is already measured at 2,200 feet per second, while the Armstrong stands at 1,230, and the 600-pounder—with 90 pounds of powder —can do no more than 1,760 feet per second. When we couple this enormous velocity with the sharp twist of the Mackay gun, we may understand how great must be the range and precision, and how terrible the force of such artillery. With facts like these before us we look for further and most impor tant changes in the art of war, and are more than ever confident that certain costly theories which have been extensively adopted will have to be abandoned. BREACH OP PROMISE ACTIONS IN IRELAND.—At the Limerick Assizes a verdict for £6O and costs has been returned against Mr. Henry Deane Spread, a cousin of Lord Muskerry, in a broach of promise case. The jilted fair ono was a dairy farmer's daughter, whose personal attractions had fascinated the swain into writing a variety of love letters, intermixing sentimentality with business.. like inquiries as to the condition of the cattle. The Cork Herald refers to another breach of promise case, in which the plaintiff is of the sterner sex. A widower 'of 55, a professional gentleman sues, and has served notice of trial on a lady residing on the Great Island, who is a widow for the second time, and some few years his senior, the cause of action being breach of promise of marriage ! De fence has been taken, and one shilling lodged in ' the court e. hasi n been. speciallyof the retained claim for fo fordamages. the e defence. Mr. Butt, The Q case comes on at the Cork Assizes. Alarming Accident on Board the Oread Steamer. The Oread left London-bridge yesterday morningat half past ten o'clock for Gravesend, Southend, and Sheerness. All went on well till the vessel had almost arrived at Sheer ness, when, as she was about turning to land her passengers, the Admiralty despatch-boat was seen to be bearing down upon her at full speed. It was evident to all on board that a fearful collision must occur; but most fortunately the captain, perceiving the danger, still kept the Oread going ahead, or the Sheerness boat must have been literally cut in two. As it was, the Admiralty yacht struck the after part of the vessel, and knocked the bulwarks to atoms, tearing down the awning, and precipitating numbers on their faces. But, unfortunately, the catastrophe did not end there- Some ladies and a boy were completely swept off the vessel into the water. The bowsprit of the yacht took with it all with which it came in contact, smashed the boat that was hanging to the side of the steamer to atoms, then took the bulwarks, and finally the passengers. Two females and the lad wore rescued, but it is impossible to say for certainty whether there were not others thrown overboard. Various articles wore found on board after the accident that had no owners, amongst the rest part of a dress not belonging to either party who had been rescued. One of the injured ladies was taken onboard the fag-ship, lying off Sheerness, the other (her servant) was placed on board the steamer, and received every attention, and is doing well ; but we are sorry to say that the state of her mistress is most critical, as, on being thrown into the river, some hard substance came in contact with her, and most fearfully wounded her on the head, At the time of leaving Sheerness (half-past four) it was stated that she was going on most favourably. The damage done to the vessel is not material, as it did not prevent her proceeding on her journey home. It is almost a certainty that one lady is drowned, as part of a dark silk dress was picked up immediately after the accident, which two or three persons recognise as belong ing to a lady who was sitting at the head of the vessel. The wonder is that the boat did not go down, as the Admiralty yacht is a most powerful vessel, and was going at a middling speed. A great many passengers were hft at Sheerness, as they were fearful the Oread had received such a shock that it would not be safe to return with her; but their fears were groundless. The man at the wheel had avery narrow escape of being dashed to pieces, for had he not made a leap the bowsprit must have come in contact with him. As it was the wheel was smashed to pieces. The damaged vessel arrived at Woolwich in the evening, and her passengers were then transferred to one of the Woolwich boats and conveyed to London. COUNTRY MARKETS. MANCHESTER—TnuRsDAY. At our market this morning there was an average atten dance, but sales proceeded slowly. Holders of wheat were willing to concede a reduction of ls. per qr. on English, and 3d. per cental on foreign. Flour must be quoted 6d. to ls. per sack cheaper. Oats and oatmeal brought extreme rates. Beans scarce, and fully as dear. Indian corn again improved 6d. to is. per qr. in value. BIRMINGHAM—ThrusDAT. At this day's market there was more wheat offering, and the sales made were at a decline of 6d. to ls. per qr. Barley fully as dear. Oats, beans, and peas tending upwards. Currencies :—English wheat, white, 43s to 47s ; red, 39s to 44s per 36 stone. Malting barley, 30s to 358; grinding, 22s to 25s per qr. Oats, 24s to 30s ; Irish, 21s to 24s per 30 stone. Beans, 42s to 45s ; and peas, 40s to 42s per qr. BURY ST. EDMUND'S-WEDNESDAY. There was a large show of wheat at the market to-day. Millers were not at all anxious buyers, and consequently where sales wore effected farmers had to submit to a de cline of is. per qr. upon last week. There were two or three samples of new wheat shown, but from the incessant rains of Friday and Saturday, followed by three days of intense heat, they appear to be much injured in colour. Talavera wheat, 44s to 49s ; red ditto, 37s to 40s; barley, 30s to 82s; secondary ditto, 27s to 29s per qr. EDINBURGH—WEDNEspAy. At to-day's market supplies were good. Wheat met a slow sale, at 1s per qr below last week's prices. Average prices. Wheat, 41s Od I Oats, 25s id Barley, 2Bs Od Beans, 40s 8d Wheat on the top, 2s 6d down average, Os 9d down. Barley on the top, 1s Od up average, Os 8d down. Oats on the top, is 9d down average, Os ld down. Beans on the top, 2s 3d up average, 2s 8d down. Total supply and sales. Wheat 1106 qrs sold 745 Barley .285 qrs sold 201 Oats 972 qrs sold 590 Beans 6l qrs sold 36 Town-made flour sells as:follows :—White, 37s Od ; extra superfine, 35s Od; superfine, 33s Od; fine, 31s Od. GLASGOW-WEDNESDAY. This day's market was well attended. Wheat and flour quiet, at a decline of 3d. per boll and barrel; Milwaukie red, 20s. 3d. to 20s. 6d. per 2401 b., ex ship ; flour, superfine Canadian, 235. 6d. to 245. 3d. per 1961 b. Barley, oats, and oatmeal steady. Beans and Indian corn 6d. dearer per boll. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton Aug. 18. Ditto, via Marseilles Aug. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds. by British pac.et Aug. 4. Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St Helena Aug. 21. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Sou hampton Aug. 2. Ditto, via Marseilles July 27 Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton July 26. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Aug. 2 Ditto, via Marseilles — .... July 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton.. July 2t. Ditto, via Marseilles .. July 26. Mauritius, via Southampton Aug. 10. Ditto, via Marseilles. Aug. 4. Newfoundland Aug. 2. Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon.. United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet . July 27 Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ten .. ....... .... . Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry.. July 28. West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe. Aug. 10. West Indies and Paciflo (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico July 29. Bahamas, via New York. July 27. Bermuda, ditto Aug. 2. Cuba and Mexico July 29. THE REMOVAL OF IRISH PAUPERS.—Yesterday a meeting of the boar I of guardians of the Stepney Union was held in the Board-room of the Rateliff Work house, where the case of Thomas Turpin, an Irishman, for whose removal to Ireland an order was obtained from Mr. Dixori and Mr. Green. two county magistrates, was taken into consideration. Mr. Creighton, of Shadwell, said he knew Turpin well. He had been an industrious man, had resided 45 years in England, and was 65 y ears o f age . It would be a cruel thing to remove him to Ireland when he was past work, and, whether he had any legal claim or not, he ought to be maintained at the expense of the union. He did not care about the rules and regula tions of the Poor Law Board. Poverty presented itself in so many shapes that it was impossible to frame rules to meet every case. He was of, opinion that the order of removal ought not to be enforced. Other guardians agreed with Mr. Creighton. Mr. Nathan, of Limehouse, was of opinion the case was exceptional, and that Turpin was en titled to favourable consideration. At the same time he thought Mr. Wright, the relieving-officer, had only done his duty in obtaining the order of removal. He understood that the magistrates had put the usual questions to Turpin, and that he had expressed his willingness to be passed to Irland. This was denied by Turpin, who said he wished to remain in this country; that he knew no one in Ireland, and that with a little , assistance from the Board he and his wife would be enabled to live without going into the work hernia. On the motion of Mr. John Charrington, the chair man of the board, it was agreed that the order of removal should not be acted upon, and that Turpin and his wife should be allowed a quartern loaf and 21b. of meat -weekly. Births. BoYLE.—On the 26th inst., at West-hill House, Winches ter,sitt.h_e Ladyt the h 2 e 7 r t e h s a i n ßoyle, st., at of lf a an.w son. o F I -on-the-Hill, the Esq., barriste r - a t-l aw , o f a R AmA y.--On the 27th inst., the wif e o f Geo. D. Ramsay, d w a i u fe gh of te Win. Richard Fisher, Esq., of a daughter. Marriages. BOEVEY—PETERS.—On the 25th inst., at Eastington Church, Gloucestershire, Sir Thomas H. C. Boevey, Bart., of Flaxley Abbey, Gloucestershire, to Frances Elizabeth, only daughter of the Rev. Thomas Peters, rector of Eastington. SALVIN—DARLEY.—On the 26th inst., at the parish church, Catton, Anthony, eldest son of A. Salvin, Esq., of Hawksfold, Sussex, t 6 Emily Marianne, eldest daughter of C. A. Darley, Esq., of Burton Field, Yorkshire. Deaths. BOWYER.—On the 26th inst., at Betchworth, Surrey, Mr. Michael Bowyer, aged 70. BURRILL.—On the 25th inst., Wm. Burrill, Esq., of 177, Shaw-street, Liverpool, and Masham, in the county of York, aged 68. BIICKNALL.—On the 22d inst., at Comberton-road, Kidder minster, Mr. Bucknall, aged 72. DEVON.—On the 26th inst., at his residence, Turnham green, Major Wm. H. Devon, Royal Marine Artillery, aged 80. HAVERS.—On the 27th inst., at Ewell, Maria, the wife of John Havers, Esq., 10, Bedford-place, Russell-square. WHITE.—On the 25th inst., at Sherborne, Dorset, Samuel White, Esq., M.R.C.S., late Assistant-Surgeon, 13.31. 1 11 Ist Somerset M. Regiment, aged 70. Winums.— On the 24th inst., at Monmouth, William A, Williams, Esq., solicitor, aged 72. London : Printed and Publibhed by WILLIAM ANIPRZWS, of No. 112, Strand, Painter, at Tfiz SUN Office, No 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the StsToy, in the Conty of Midtileses.•—Friday, July 28, 1815. rHE SUiN LONDON, FRIDAY EVEMNG, JULY 28, 1865.