The Sun. — London, England, 1865-10-05 00:00:00

The Social Science ilasociation. SHEFFIELD, Oct. 4. At the meeting of the Social Science Association, held this evening, Lord Brougham delivered the opening address. There were present a large gathering of members and associates. The place of meeting was the Alexandra Music-hall, which was till recently a theatre, and the new decorations for the occasion had just been completed. Lord BROUGHAM, who is in excellent health, read the following address with clearness and emphasis, and was warmly applauded : " Once more I have the satisfaction of meeting my old Yorkshire constituents, and of reflecting on the most prized distinction of my life—the represen tation of this great county the last time it chose its members undivided and entire. This is now our ninth Congress, and we have, as is our usual lot, to lament the losses which we, the country, and the world at large have sustained since we met at York. First to be named is Richard Cobden, of whose great service not England only, but France also, has been witness and felt justly grateful. We may also dwell on the removal of one far less famous, but to whom the promoters of social science felt their gratitude especially due as among the greatest helps to the diffusion of know ledge on all subjects, secular and religious—John Cassell, whose circulation of useful works at the lowest price, to which he devoted his life, was pro digious. Of the Illustrated Bible 60,000,000 were sold in weekly numbers, making the poor man's cottage, as he boasted, a school of instruction. But, happily, his su rviving partners, Fetter and Galpin, pursue the same course in which they were his able and zealous advocates. Nor is it possible in this country to forget the heavy loss which at our last Congress we had hoped to escape, but which soon after befell us, of Lord Carlisle, than whom a more virtuous person, or in all his positions one more use ful, did not exist. On these losses we may use the touching words in which the Royal Psalmist poured out his sorrow—" We shall go to them, although they shall not return to us." (2 Samuel, xii., 25.) There is, however, much upon which to congratulate the association since our last Congress, both on our labours and on the course of events. And as we then expressed satisfaction at the calming down of party, both in Parliament and in the country, we can now still more fully give vent to the same feel ings, not only from the stillness in high quarters, but because the general election has taken place, and certainly has evinced a more entire absence of party and personal animosity than marks our his tory since the period of the Revolution. By this calm the pursuits that are dear to us are greatly benefited, and are likely further to profit by its continuance. Even where the public tranquillity Las been slightly ruffled, the great cause of social progress has made considerable gain. The loss of some valuable members to Parliament, of which the greatest are those of Mr. George Denman and Mr. Adam Black, has been compensated by the elec tion of men only known for their able treatment of philosophical questions, like our colleagues Profes sor Fawcett and Mr. Stuart Mill, or our distin guished vice-president of the Jurisprudence Depart ment, Mr. Forsyth, who unites to his forensic talents a foremost place among the most accomplished scholars of the age. In reckoning our gains at the late elections, it is highly satisfactory to reflect on the considerable diminution of bribery and corrup tion. Of this there can be little doubt ; but still there remained enough to justify all friends of public morals, and indeed of our national character, in de siring more effectual means to be taken for the ex tinction of practices so disgraceful. Last year the measures which would have proved effectual for this purpose, sending those convicted to the tread mill, and requiring a solemn declaration from every member on taking his seat that he had no know ledge or suspicion of any such practices having been pursued at his expense, were stopped on the ground that the dissolution had been postponed, and this year on the eve of an immediate general election, those measures were again withheld, while Sir Fitz roy Kelly's bill enabling parties charged with any offence to tender their evidence, undergoing cross examination, met with such treatment in the Com mons that he could not press it to a division. It is not to be told what censure falls upon the English people in foreign countries when the enormous sums spent at our elections are mentioned, and that ex penditure is truly disgraceful which may still be in curred without any corruption. The cost of return ing Mr. Stuart Mill for Westminster exceeded £1,500 for ten days. The expenses of candidates in some'eases amounted to £3OO or £-100 a day while the dissolution was impending, and as much as 117,000 was positively stated to have been paid by a candidate for Yorkshire some years ago in pre paring for a contest which never took place. Sir F. Kelly's act, appointing election auditors, had not then passed. It is far from sufficient to prevent all expense, yet if adequately carried out it would stop much of the absurd practices which in too many cases are a mere cloak for bribery. The late elections and the aspect of the returns as regards the Liberal party lead us naturally to think of the prospect held out of a further extension of the franchise to the working classes. The alarm felt or affected of their overwhelming the rest of the community is probably groundless, although all our friends must desire any change to be effected gradually, and under the guidance of experience. The expediency of giving votes to one class really can admit of no doubt—the class of skilled workmen, who are, in fact, more independent of their employers than these are of them. Why should not all who receive at any time a certain amount of wages be registered as voters once and for ever ? The certificate of the employer would be a test of the workman's respec tability, and that would continue, whatever might be his subsequent employment. The expediency of giving non-electors some share in the elections was considered in York, and there seemed no sufficient objection to allow the show of hands some weight, by requiring whoever had it not to exceed those who had it by a certain proportion at the poll. The proposal of Professor Leoni Levi well deserves the attention of those who are still for the ballot—that the votes should be given in writing, signed by the voter in his own hand, so as to secure a certain amount of education. Those who treat of Reform prospects and projects are but imperfectly acquainted with the history of the great Reform of 1832 in its earlier stages, and would find there had been much more extensive changes then, not only contemplated, but which met with acceptance. Of the proverbial inaccuracy of contemporary history there is a re markable instance, where it could be least expected, in Lord Russell's late preface to his new edition of the Essay on the Constitution. The ',subject is the Reform of 1832, and all mention is suppressed of the great meeting of the Opposition at Lord Al thorpe's chambers, to consider the plan of whichlhad given notice, and which was to have been brought forward two days after, had not the change of Ad ministration occurred to prevent it. There were present at the me e ti ng, • either owners of close boroughs or their connexions, as Lord Milton, Mr. Baring, afterwards Lord Ashburton ; and, besides my statement of the most important parts of the Reform afterwards propou n d ed by the new Ministry, there was household suffrage propounded in ex press terms, and though only half the seats for close boroughs were to be taken away, yet a larger number of the great towns were to be enfranchised than the Government Bill afterwards provided for. It must be observed that the late times have shown, even during the heats of the election, no clisposition on the part of the people for a reform in their re presentation. It would be difficult to point out any period since 1832 in which the subject so little engaged the public attention. But that would be no reason against well-considered and moderate changes, and the promoters of social scicnco will regard any proposed measure with a view to its effects upon the different classes of the community, and upon the representative part of the Legislature, whether that measure is called for by the popular voice or not. To those c h an ges which have been above suggested may Possibly be added a new con struction of the electoral districts, so as to remove in some degree the extreme irregularity now exist ing. But this is a matter of great difficulty, and certainly a general equalization may be pronounced on every account altogether una.dvisable. In re- ferring to Reform of Parliament, it is impossible to pass over the great expediency, indeed it may be I termed the absolute necessity, of some change in the conduct of what is called private business or Bills, those Acts not only affecting property of vast amount, but conferring what Lord Longdale used justly to term transcendental powers. This branch of the proceedings is that by which Parliament is chiefly known to the community, and no doubt considerable improvement has of late years been made in the conducting it. But the greatest of all the evils felt has been left unassailed, the necessity of every one particular in each bill undergoing the same inquiry in both houses, so as almost to double the expenses of all parties. With that great man, whose irrepar able loss we daily deplore on all questions, whether of foreign or of domestic policy, whether of peace or of war (it is superfluous to name the Duke of it was my lot to co-operate:on this Welling ton) subject having with him brought forward those standing orders which now regulate the private busi ness before both houses, and which were introduced in a committee of the Lords. When they were to be propounded there my illustrious friend said, "Why not bring forward our great plan ?" My answer was, " Because it would be certainly refused by the committee." "Never mind," he said, " we can but be beaten, and then we fall back upon the lesser and ineffectual plan." The great measure was offered and refused under the influence of professional men, who saw that it would cut off nearly half of their services. It consisted in the appointment of a joint committee—seven commoners and four peers, acting with the assistance of a professional judge or asses sor, to help them on questions of law respecting evidence ; and the report to be in each house de cisive on all matters of fact, but leaving to the house its full discretion upon the whole bill and all its pro visions. This is not the first time that the plan has been mentioned before our Association, and in con nexion with the great man's name who took such an interest in it, and who, indeed, mainly contributed to its preparation. But it is a sacred duty to his memory that so important a portion of his history should be preserved and continually held up to the admiration of his grateful countrymen. He unfor tunately took an erroneous view of Reform in the representation, and he maintained his opinion strongly, being deeply impressed with the belief that the proposed change in the constitution of the Lower House would dangerously interfere with the Executive Government—that it was too large a measure to be adopted at once. His joining, there fore, in so radical an alteration of the legislative procedure was the more important, and is one, though among the least, of the many proofs that he is to be named among the foreniost of our statesmen as he is at the head of all our warriors. " Statesmen and warrior, he lived and died, " Where duty placed him, at kis country's side; " Trod with firm foot the line which justice draws, " Fixed to prevail, or perish in her cause."—Cowper. It was highly satisfactory at our last Congress to mark the success of the great co-operative movement in the increase of the number of the societies and their resources, That progress has continued, al though not at the rate of former years ; and as this 111 diminution has partly arisen from the increased rigour of the rules established, and the arrangements enforced with the view to profit, an advantage has been gained ; except, perhaps, that too great parsi mony has been shown in the payment of those em ployed. It was, however, impossible that the same rate of increase should continue which had been ex hibited iu 1860 and 1861, when no less than 250 new societies had been formed. In 1863 there were in all 454, whose sales in the year amounted to £2,626,000, and their profit divided was £213,000. Mr. Pratt's return for the last year (1864) is 505 societies, their sales £2,742,000, and profit £225,000. The counties of York and Lancaster continue to take the lead, as the number of 505 Lancaster has no less than 130 and this county 104. One cannot avoid recollecting the saying of a Rochdale tradesman, when a few workmen advanced a little money to establish a store ; he said he should be able to carry it all in his wheelbarrow, and now the assets of the societies are returned at £691,000, and their cash in the bank and in the hands of their treasurers at £105,000. It must be added that the strong recommendation given at York to employ co-operation in agriculture, and the signal success of Mr. Gurdon's experiment in Suf folk, have had their effect in Ireland, where on the Vandeleur property there is every probability that the same success would have followed, but for the unfor tunate insolvency of the landlord. As far as it went nothing could be more satisfactory. Mr. Craig, its able superintendent, states that when the co-opera tion had been continued some time the greatest im provement had taken place, both in the comfort and moral condition of the inhabitants, although they at first had taken against it hostile proceedings, which they carried even to the length of a breach of the peace. The cause of co-operation in all its branches owes almost everything to Mr. Pitman, whose con stant exertions and self-sacrifice cannot be too grate fully acknowledged by all co-operative societies, and their efforts are justly required to aid him in his great work, the conduct of the " co-operator." Nothing can be more gratifying in all respects than the spread and success of co-operation, both as regards the comfort and improvement of the people, and if the middle classes have gained much, the working classes have had a larger share in the benefit. The question then naturally occurs, and it was asked in the course of the general election, are these classes, preponde rant for their labours as well as their numbers, to remain for ever excluded from a direct share in the choice of our representatives ? And this question has been received by some with indifference, by others with contempt, and by not a few with proposals, the cause of alarm to most persons. But there is one view which does not appear to have been taken by any of the reasoners on the subject, and it is peculiarly addressed to the promoters of Social Science, because it applies to the great cause of pro gress in all its branches. The working classes gene rally, and even a large proportion of the middle order, are prone to be too earnest, and even im patient, for the adoption of measures which they deem necessary or expedient. They do not give them due consideration ; they do not perceive the checks which experience has shown to be required for secur ing safety and conformity with other institutions. The lesson is slowly learned which these classes have never understood, or only apprehended to make it an object of ridicule or clamour, how much of the best of laws may be the result of compromise or mutual concession, and how often in carrying through any measure, the most important and beneficial, such compromise has not only been expedient but neces sary ; nay, how much the whole of our social system has been a succession of compromises. In consider ing any of the proposals for extending the Parlia mentary suffrage, this circumstance of prevailing importance is to be well considered, and we, of the National Association, are fully aware of its great influence over our supporters in the community. It must ever be kept in mind that the primary object of co-operation is self-help, the enabling the working man to obtain his goods of the best quality and at the lowest price, to gain him fair wages, and to secure his share in the profits arising from his labour. His gains are as far as possible em ployed in the education of his children and his own improvement. In this he may be assisted by his wealthier neighbours, and in providing for his relaxation and social intercourse during the hours of his rest. The want of room in his house often obliges him to attend a club, and therefore the best assistance that can be rendered him is to facili tate the forming of clubs, which among other ad vantages have the great merit of coming in compe tition with the ale-house. Accordingly, three years ago, there was formed in connection with our asso ciation the Working Men's Club Institute, and its operations have been very successful in enabling working men all over the country to form clubs. In all cases the object has been the relaxation and social intercourse of the day labourers. Our col league, Lord Lyttleton, n ously supported the Institute,acl o w t hheorsse, able ande s t r e d n i -- gent secretary, Mr. Solly, has attended our Con gress. It must be added that nothing can be more erroneous than the notion prevailing in some quar ters that the object of these clubs is for education and other matters of use to the working classes. These may arise out of them, but th e ma i n object is to give the labourers that amusement and relaxa tion which they require after work. In all my addresses as president of the Institute, what has been dwelt upon is relaxation and amusement as the pri mary objects. This has been the fundamental doc trine, admitting the necessity of harmless amuse ment to men after their day's work. It is most satisfactory to find that our colleague, Lord Stan . ley, has lately inculcated this at the Birkenhead co-operative meeting, and it is only to be regretted that he had net attended at York, where the same subject was more than once under the consideration of the Congress, and a paper read upon the subject by the secretary of the Institute. In our Congress at York the subject which had occupied us the year before at Edinburgh, of female education as con nected with the University examinations, was resumed. Some difference of opinion was occasioned by the mistake that the pro posal concerned degrees for females ; whereas it was certainthat this could not bethe case, the exami nation conferring no degrees at all, as had been fully stated by Mr. Hastings at a preliminary meet ing. But, fortunately, the University of Cambridge received most favourably the memorial, signed by a thousand persons connected with education, as well as many others, including some of the most promi nent and active members of our own Association. The memorial was presented towards the end of last year, and the question was referred to a special Syn dicate, who, after a careful consideration, made a report recommending the proposed extension. In accordance with this a grace of the Senate was passed, giving effect to the recommendation of the Syndicate. The scheme is to keep in force as a ten tative measure for three years, at the expiration of which there is every reason to believe that it will be made permanent. In the meantime ladies' com mittees are arranged for the superintendence of the examinations at several of the local centres, and the promise of candidates is already very considerable. Of the complete success of the movement it is scarcely possible to entertain a doubt. The direct result of examination cannot fail to be most bene ficial, and the moral value of such a recognition by one of our old Universities of the importance of female education is likely to be still more widely and deeply felt. The success of the new system of education in Ireland is a just subject for congratu lation, and the rather because an attempt was made by clerical and other bigotry to represent it as a failure. The principle at all times urged by our Association of combined secular and separate re ligious teaching has been applied, and the result is given in the papers before Parliament. In the year 1849-50, when the Queen's Colleges were established in Belfast, Cork, and Galway, the num ber of pupils was 395, and last year they were 837. But in Cork and Galway the increase has been much greater than in Belfast, because there educa tion had begun sooner. Notwithstanding the popu lation of Galway has fallen one-half in the time, the number of pupils has nearly doubled. The number belonging to the Established Church is only one fourth of the whole in the three colleges. It must be added that Mr. Whiteside, tho representative of Dublin University (Trinity College), with distin guished candour and consummate ability, opposed those who argued that the measure had been a failure. Mention has been made of the grew step taken by the Universities of Cambridge and Edin burgh in favour of female education. What has been done by certain benevolent persons belongs rather to the head of charity than education. Yet is it very important. A hall has been set up for poor sempstresses, who may work there instead of in those wretched garrets to which they are gene rally confined, and the addition of a cooking appa ratus is a great improvement. There is no more praiseworthy employment of the funds which chari table individuals allot to that unhappy class of their fellow-citizens, and the suggestion of Mrs. Way is very important—that teaching the sewing machine is greatly wanted for the class of sempstresses. But the greatest benefit rendered to these poor women is from the companies that have been formed by the principal ladies in London and the dressmakers, with limited liability, for homes under strict regulations, and which have succeeded in an extraordinary man ner. One of these companies is in Clifford-street, Bond-street, the other in Grosvenor-street, Gros venor-square, and these divide upon their profits. In Edinburgh the society for the employment of women is doing great good in extending the resources of their labour. In the branch of photography the success has been perfect. The Commission upon schools issued on the recommendation of our Council has not yet made its report, but it has been actively engaged in the im portant work. It is much to be regretted that Mr. Chad wick was not named among the commissioners, as his ac quaintance with the subject exceeds that of most men, and he is the founder of that valuable improvement, the half time plan. The commissioners have appointed 10 assis tants, who examine the schools and their method of teach ing in the different districts of this country, as well as in America and on the continent of Europe. In this country circulars of questions have been issued to 843 endowed and 152 proprietary schools; and witnesses have been fully examined. The commissioners have sat 35 days, and aro to resume their sittings for further examination of wit nesses in November. It is impossible to doubt that a great body of information, both as to this and to other countries, will be collected, and many useful suggestions made. Mr. H. Roby is their able and diligent secretary. We have great reason to be thankful for the acceptance of the most important plan of law amendment. The act giving suitable jurisdiction to county courts has been for many years strongly urged by us. Indeed that jurisdiction was part of the original Local Courtsßill, and the:committee to which it was referred in 1830 partially approved that provision. B u t in 1852 an elaborately prepared bill was introduced by our council. This equitable extensioa has been year after year attempted by us, and is at length carried to a certain extent. The great subject of a Law Digest was handled by Sir Jas. Wilde in his most admirable address at York, and has been subsequently discussed at our meetings, and an able paper upon it was read by Mr. Reilly. It cannot be said that no progress has been made towards the attainment of this object, for the house of Commons has voted £5,000 towards the expenses of it, and constant and active work has been bestowed upon the kindred task of selecting for re peal all the statutory provisions which are in fact inopera tive, but still continue upon tho Statute Book. It must be added that the work of digesting and consolidating the laws has been undertaken at New York, and is proceeding under the superintendence of our corresponding member, Mr. Dudley Field. At our last Congress Mr. G. Denman under took to bring in a bill for removing the anomaly in our pro cedure, of counsel not being allowed in criminal the privi lege given in civil cases of summing up the evidence ad duced. He did so, and the act being passed last session the anomaly no longer exists. The failure of Sir. F. Kelly to amend the law of evidence has been mentioned. That amendment, which the Judge Ordinary of the Divorce Court strongly recommended,—the enabling parties to be ex-1 amined, which had been omitted in my act of 1849, was part of Sir Fitzroy's bill. The chief objection to that and to the examination of defendants in criminal cases were the same that had been urged against the greatest amendment of the law in modern times, the examination of parties in civil cases, and it may fairly bo expected that those objections will no longer bo allowed to prevail. One great improve ment has, however, taken place in this branch of the law, the natural extension of limited liability, at all times strongly supported by us. An act passed last session excluding from the responsibility of partnership those who lend money to traders and men who receive payment for their labour out of the profits to which they have contributed. This is a great benefit, not only to the workman, but to his employer, and to traders as well. But much has been done for tho working man without any parliamentary proceedings. The repeated and earnest expressions of opinion by our body to their em ployers has continued to receive their full consideration, and those whom we extolled at York and Edinburgh for their kindly conduct, and especially the Messrs. Chambers, have been reducing the hours of labour to ten, and this has become a general movement. The early closing of which Leeds was so groat and so early an example has been more generally followed, and it is very probable that in both these relaxations the loss in hours of labour will be compensated by the more healthy state of the men and their more diligent working. The report of the select com mittee of the House of Commons on the bankrupt law has been made public during the past session, and we find that it recommends substantially the adoption of the Scotch plan of trustees chosen by the creditors, and their proceed ings referred to the ordinary courts instead of a separate tri bunal. That some amendment in this branch of the law is loudly called for by the whole body of traders there can be no manner of doubt, and it may be hoped that the discussion in our Jurisprudence Department will assist the public in ar riving- at a conclusion as to what the amendment should be. The Commission on the Patent Law has also reported since our last Congress, recommending various modifications in the existing system, but admitting that the change would only palliate the evils complained of. Opinions have since been expressed favourable to the repeal of the statute of James 1., or the abolition of the rights conferred on inven tors. This is a subject of great difficulty. That there are grave objections to the inventor's rights as at present exer cised may be true, but his exclusion from the monopoly he now enjoys is extremely hard to be distinguished from that which would deprive authors of their copyright. The concentration of the superior courts and their offices in one run SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 5, HEE. place has happily been established after a delay of 30 years, and the exertions of our association have powerfully con tributed to a measure which was so much required by the mercantile community, and not resisted upon any solid ground by the legal profession. The Commission on Capi tal Punishments has now closed its labours, and though the report is not yet made public, there can be no doubt that a great and useful body of information has been col lected with respect to the operation of the law both in this and foreign countries. We had a most interesting discussion on the subject at York, and didfull justice to the labours of the society, under Mr. Gurney, and its secretaries, Messrs. Tallach and Beggs. An able paper of the latter came before us at York ; and no doubt that society has been usefullyem ployed in circulating information on the subject, and in promoting the discussion of it. But whatever difference of opinion there may be on the great question of capital punish ment, there can be none upon the necessity of giving the Home-office an efficient help of counsellors, as this associa tion has . so often recommended. On this head of crimi nal law it must be added that there is in all cases far 'too great a disposition to regard intoxication as a circum stance of mitigation, whereas it is really an aggravation. There are even reasons for regarding a diseased general habit of mind, induced by intemperance, in the same light of an aggravation, and certainly it ought never to be reckoned among circumstances of extenuation. 0 ur esteemed colleague, Lord Clanricarde, having obtained a Commission on the Irish Law Courts, found that two bills were intro duced by the Government to assimilate the practice in both countries—the one for equity, the other for common law. These were vehemently opposed, and not passed. But in last session only the Equity Bill was introduced, and though the opposition was withdrawn, the bill was not passed. The Government had at that time no Irish law officers in the House. In the new Parliament they have both the Attorney and Solicitor-General and the Castle adviser in the House of Commons, and Lord Clanricarde hopes that the result will be complete, as well of consolidating the three common law courts as of reducing the number of their officers, for whom there is really little business to do. The subject of recording titles to landed estates was fully discussed at our meetings upon papers by Messrs. Torrens and Robert Wilson, and an Act was passed last session for recording such titles in Ireland through the machinery of the Estates Court. Nothing can be more satisfactory than the proceedings of last year with respect to the reformatory system, and credit is duo to the Homo Department, of which we formerly had reason to complain. The great changes which have been effected are entirely in accordance with the views often urged by the association and its supporters. In the class of penal servitude, the sub division of large prisons, the introduction of the mark sys tem, the reduction of the excessive gratuities and of the dietary, the use of photography, and the giving police superintendence (beneficial not only to the public at large, but to the convicts themselves), are great and important improvements ; and these, together with the use of inter mediate prisons in certain cases, have approached the Irish to our own. But there has been groat improvement in the convict prisons for minor offenders, and an Act passed last session has been executed most beneficially by the Home Department. All these changes have received the full ap probation of the Prison Directors, whose report has been published, and who boar their testimony to the excellent effects of the various changes on which they comment. It is very important that the absence of Sir Walter Crofton is well supplied by his able successor, and has been so far from injuring his system that this has been consolidated by time, and its details aro perfected by experience. The great principle has now received full effect that the term of punishment should be lessened merely by the convict's con duct since his imprisonment, but by his subsequent con duct until the supervision now first actually exercised under the ticket of leave has expired. This supervision of his entire liberation has had all the success that could be expected from it. Tho defect which experience shows in the existing regulations for suspension depends upon the absence of connexion between the police force at different stations. The improvement in the discipline of county and borough gaols urged by Lord Carnarvon, and effected by the gratuitous labours of Sir Walter Crofton, will be sufficient for the reformation of the convicts, provided that drawback shall cease which at present exists, the term of confinement not being shortened in those prisons by the convict's behaviour. These and many other matters will, it is to bo hoped, receive full consideration at this Congress, as our invaluable colleague, the Recorder of Birmingham, if he shall unfortunately bo unable to attend, will certainly communicate the result of his residence in Ireland, and also his opinion upon the working of the Liver pool Act, passed last session, for enlarging the powers of grand juries in sanitary cases—an Act which ought to be extended to other towns. We shall also have the advantage of the presence of Miss Carpenter, whose re cent work " Our Convicts" contains the fullest account of the whole subject. The threatonings of another visitation of cholera gives rise to a meeting under the sanction of our Council, and presided over by the Bishop of London. The whole subject was fully discussed, and an elaborate report presented by the Committee of Health Department. While all has been proceeding satisfactorily in legislation since our last Congress, it is gratifying to find that considerable pro gross has also been made by our rulers, and especially our Finance Minister, for the benefit of trade. The negotiations with France have had the happiest results for both coun tries—for our neighbours as well as ourselves ; their alarm lest importation from us would interfere with their manu factures having boon proved groundless by the exportation to this country of their own wares. Similar treaties have been made with other countries, as with Belgium and Italy, while one with Austria may reasonably be expected. Our foreign commerce has nearly doubled in five years as regards France, and our paper-makers, who were the most alarmed, have not in any instance ceased to carry on the business, while the amount of paper made has been steadily increas ing. But the Post-office accommodation to savings-banks has been an incalculable benefit to the humbler classes. Above 3,000 of these have been established, the permanent deposits in which are nearly six millions, and almost all in sums under £3. This is exclusive of those in former banks. `While everything has been so prosperous with us, it must also be admitted that, with but few exceptions, in foreign countries a like s prosperity has existed. In Russia the emancipation of the serfs has been vigorously enforced. The kingdom of Italy has been recognized by Spain, and it may be hoped the treaty of September, 1864, will at length satisfy the Court of Rome. The Italian Parliament is dissolved, and a general election takes place immediately. Nor can the pa triot and friend of Italy wish her a greater good than that the now Parliament may in all but its great difficulties resemble the old, which for firmness, moderation, and tolerance was a model to representative bodies. The Island of Cuba has taken steps towards the abolition of slavery ; and at Madrid a disposition to favour the colonists has been indicated by the formation of emancipation societies and the establish ment of journals in their behalf. The termination of war in America must give all our friends and supporters the greatest satisfaction. It was never regarded by us as any thing but a grievous calamity, and we hoped that out of evil good might come to tho slave, although it was clear that the emancipation by the North haci onlybeen a measure of hostility, and the support of slavery, that utterly execrable institution, by the South only a partial cause of the seces sion. But the condition in which the war has left the country, especially the South, is painful to contemplate, as the difficulties of the Government are great and numerous. There seems, however, reason to believe that the President has resolved upon temperate measures towards the defeated Confederates, and all must admire the courage, and the skill by which the victory has been gained, while both parties have alike distinguished themselves in the war, the South having to extol Lee, while Sherman, on the side of the North, is justly admired. The great difficulty arising from the slaves would have been much lessened, if not wholly avoided, had the measure of emancipation been gradual like ours. They might then have had to show their coloured people engaged in free labour, as we have had no less than 100,000 so employed in our colonies. Europe has been astonished and shocked at the seizure of the Danish territories by force and fraud, a crime of which the partition of Poland affords the last example. But the great crime of the last century was on a far larger scale ; the late atrocity, both in its amount and in its tricks, bears the same relation to it that petty larceny bears to highway robbery. The chief blame in all respects is that of Prussia, and the probability is that the wrong-doers will find their folly to have exceeded even their guilt. It must, however, be admitted that in his domestic affairs the Austrian ruler has shown generosity as well as wisdom by his treatment of Hungary ; and it is confidently believed that the new Cabinet has determined upon the most important measure that has been introduced on the Continent—the creation of an unpaid local magistracy similar to our own. This would be- by far the greatest benefit that could be conferred upon the country, and the Emperor and his Ministers would gain immortal honour from it. In Prussia no such home im provements in the home administration are to be set off against the foreign misdeeds of the Government. On the contrary, there has been the wholesale violation of the Con stitution in a series of oppressive acts ending in the prosecu tion of senators for w.ords spoken in debate, at a moment when the kinsman of a Minister is suffered to commit mur der without being brought to trial. It is highly satisfac tory to find that our French neighbours have gained a material advantage in the freedom allowed to their munici pal elections, and we may reasonably expect a like deter mination to abstain from Government interference with the far more important election of deputies. Meanwhile, we most all heartily rejoice in the cordial amity between the two States ; the subjection of ideas of military glory to the useful object of pursuing material interests ; the reduction of the standing army and the enjoyments of the blessings which a solid peace secures to both countries. The time appointed for our Congress unfortunately deprived us of the presence of our foreign associates at York. But M. Desmarest came over to London at the beginning of winter, and attended our meetings with M. Berryer. It is needless to say that their reception was most cordial, but, indeed, Berryer, alike eminent at the Bar and in the Senate, had in all quarters, from the Ministers as well as from the people, a reception worthy of his great celebrity, and which gave the highest satisfaction to all parties in the country of that illustrious man. We last year testified our great re spect for Mr. Peabody by electing him an honorary mem ber, the only ono on ourlist. Hisgroat and wise munificence is the theme of universal admiration. But the last year affords an example of generosity of a like, we need not say an equal extent in the great llindoo of Bombay, Sir Jamsotjee Jeejeebhoy: If tho princely weath of such men is to be envied a far greater subject of envy is the extraordinary wisdom and generosity by which its application is guided. Tho kindred association which was founded at Brussels in 1862 held this year its Congress at Berne, and was at tended by Mr. Hastings on our part. He will doubtless report what there passed. Neither he nor any other of our body took any share in those Alpine ascents which have this autumn been attended with so much loss of life, and without the possibility of any good, by mere displays of hardihood in climbing to heights whence nothing was to be seen. The promoter of Social Science deeply la ments the loss to families in such displays of useless courage and perseverance, but his contemplations are directed elsewhere. We are pleased to contemplate the flowers in their raiment surpassing all the glories of Solo mon. To examine the animal creation in its endless variety of instincts, each adapted wondrously to accom plish its purpose ; to observe the members of the human family, the capacity of individuals to unfold the order of the universe and subdue to our use the elements, and light, and electricity. But the social aptitudes of man aro yet more worthy of our study, and the communities which he forms, and which are the especial objects of the Divine care. Social Science, then, has pre-eminently claims to our regard, and promoting it is our highest duty to our Heavenly Father. That duty we delight to per form, rejoicing to be the instruments of His justice and mercy, and devoutly thankful to His goodness, which makes what He commands a pleasure to obey." _ _ _ Earl FITzwILLIAM proposed a vote of thanks to the man whose life was still devoted to public duty with as much earnestness as it was fifty years ago. The MAYOR seconded the motion. Mr. HtD FIELD supported it, and it was passed with acch mation. Naval and Military Intelligence. The Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief was present at a review and sham fight which took place yesterday on the Round-down, between Dover and Folkestone. The troops engaged were those gar risoned at Dover and Shornelifle, and consisted of cavalry, artillery, and infantry. The troops were formed in two divisions, the infantry brigade occu pying the northern hill being under the command of Major-Gen. Ellice, C. 8., Commandant of Dover garrison, and consisting of the Dover brigade—the Royal Engineers, 2d Battalion 60th Rifles, and the 39th Regiment. The division on the Cliff-side hill was commanded by Col. F. R. Palmer, C. 8., 60th Royal Rifles, and composed of the Shorncliffe troops—the Scots Fusileer Guards, the Royal Engineers, the 48th and the 89th Regiments. Two squadrons of the Ist Royal Dragoons and a battery of the Royal Horse Artillery were posted on each hill, and Major-Gen. Sir Robert Garrett, K.C.8., K.H., commanding the troops in the South-Eastern Dis trict, assumed the command of the entire force, numbering 7,000 men. Col. Ormsby had the com mand of the artillery. At 11 o'clock the Duke of Cambridge rode upon the ground, accompanied by Major.-Gen. Lord F. Paulet, K.C.8., Adjt. -Gen. ; Col. G. Gambier, C. 8., Deputy Adjt.-Gen. Royal Artillery ; with Col. Clifton, as aide-de-camp, and a large staff. His Royal Highness having taken up a position on the southern hill, the troops were formed to resist an imaginary attack from the Dover side. Skirmishers were thrown out, and the 60th opened fire, then falling back, a line was formed on either hill, and heavy firing by the artillery and the main body of infantry ensued. The cavalry then made a dash along the hills and turned the right and left wing of the supposed enemy. The best of the contest appeared at Houghain Court-farm, from which the defenders eventually retired in good order a short distance behind a copse, where they re formed, and the movement being followed by those on the contiguous hill, another volley was poured into the teeth of the enemy, who, however, conti nued to advance to the downs, where the two divi visions connected, and a third line of defence was formed across the downs. Heavy volleys continued in rapid succession simultaneously with the dis charge of the field pieces along the valley, until the four squadrons of cavalry combined and made a dashing charge in line, which discomfited the sup posed enemy, and ended the sham fight. The troops then concentrated on the downs, and the review was concluded by a " march past." His Royal Highness and Staff were entertained at luncheon in a marquee erected upon the ground, after which he inspected the Dover Citadel and its fortifi cations, having on the previous day inspected the Castle and the new works. The Duke remained at the residence of General Ellice at Dover last night, and will proceed to Shorncliffe this morning and return to London to-night. The iron screw steamship Agincourt, 26, at Devon port, has had her five masts stepped and running bowsprit fitted, all of iron. She will shortly be re moved, from Hamoaze into Keyham-yard, to be pre pared for the first division of the Steam Reserve. It is expected that the Agincourt will be supplied with rifled guns. The screw steam sloop Greyhound, 17, recently put in commission at Devonport by Capt. Chas. Stir ling, got up steam yesterday (Wednesday) morning, and proceeded from Hamoaze into Plymouth Sound, to receive herpowder and prepare for service abroad. His Swedish Majesty's frigate Vanadis, Capt. K. L. Nattochdag, from Carlscrona, outward bound, put into Plymouth Sound yesterday afternoon. The following appointments and promotions have boon made at the Admiralty :—Capt. Geoffrey T. P. Hornby, to the Bristol, commissioned, and to be commodore of the first class and Commander-in-Chief on the West Coast of Africa station,vice CommodoreWilmot, whose period of service ha s expired ; Wm. F. Haines and Edwin Rowe, promoted to the rank of Staff Commanders; Lieut. W. E. S. Browne, to the Greyhound; Lieut. W. G. Scott, Lieut. R. H. C. Lawson, and Lieut. Chas. V. Anson, to the Bristol ; John T. E. Webb, master, to the Bristol ; Hon. E. A. T. Pery, midshipman, to the Prince Consort ; James Lewis, paymaster, additional, to the Ilander ; James E. Terry, paymaster, to the Bristol ; Frederick F. Flynn, assist.-surg. to the Asia; William Redmond, assist.-surg. to the Sparrow ; Dr. George E. Wright, assist.-surg., additional, to the Rattle snake ; W. F. H. Alston, assist. -paymaster, to the Bristol ; C. G. Nash, assist.-paymaster, to the Cumber land ; J. Hynes, assist.-paymaster, to tho Rattlesnake, as supernumerary ; F. A. Smith, assist. -paymaster, to the Frederick William ; G. Ralph, master's assistant, to the Greyhound ; J. K. Mosse, clerk, to the Bristol ; J. Watts, clerk, to the Fisgard ; and J. Emerson, assist.-clerk, to the Bristol ; W. Nicholson and J. Minhinmich, promoted to be engineers, to the Fisgard, as supernumeraries; H. Johnson, engineer, to the Caradoc ; W. H. Nicholson, engineer, to the Caledonia; J. Meiklejohn, engineer, to the Indus, as supernumerary; Alfred Long, engineer, to the Cumber land ; Jas. Rogers, engineer, to the Haughty ; Alfred H. Rogers, engineer, to the Asia ; Henry Onions, engineer, to the Asia for the Royal Alfred ; T. Scarratt Grice, engi neer, to the Asia, as supernumerary ; Walter H. Binnfield, acting engineer, to the "Wye ; John G. Scott, first class assist.-engineer, additional, to the Royal George, for ten ders ; and W. B. Cleverly, promoted to be first-class assist. engineer. A CANOE VOYAGE.—It may be remembered that some time back we mentioned the intention of Mr. J. Macgregor, of London, to undertake a lengthened tour through Europe by means of a light boat passing along several of the rivers and lakes. The tour has now been accomplished with success, the vessel used being a small canoe, the Rob Roy, built of oak, and furnished with sails. After descending the Thames and rowing along the Meuse, the Rhine, and the Maine, the boat was carried through the Black Forest for an excursion on the Tiusee, and thence to the source of the Danube, which the tourist descended for a week through magnificent scenery, much of which is quite uDknown as it is accessible only in a boat. Leaving the Danube at Ulm the Rob Roy wont to the Lake of Con stance, and sailed through it to the Zeller Zee, and so down the Rhine to Shaffhausen. Reaching Zurich by railway (the canoe being carried as baggage) the voyage was con tinued through that lake and on Zug and Lucerne, from which the canoe descended by the rapid Reuss and the Aar, after successfully paddling over the rapids at Bremgarten. The rapids at Rheimfelden being also traversed, the voy age was continued to Basle, and afterwards by canal to tho over Jill, whence the boat was carted over the Vosges Mountains to the Moselle, and descended that river, the Meurthe, and the Marne, so as to return to England by the Seine. Very great interest was exhibited by the in habitants of the German towns through which the canoe passed bearing the British flag, for in many parts of the Danube above Ulm a boat is utterly un known. Various amusing and interesting adventures oc curred in this novel journey, and it may be presumed that after this experiment other travellers will paddle and sail on the Continent, and thus combine exercise with the pleasures of a foreign tour. ADYER TISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills. — Happy Health. —However provident, however careful man may be, he is still destined to be assailed by sickness, and it is wisdom to be provided with a remedy against such a calamity. The ointment and pills discovered by Piofessor Holloway are acknowledged by every person who has tried them to possess the highest merits in curing all out ward diseases and other maladies resulting from violence, exposure, mineral poisons, or scrofulous taints. This ointment heals all descriptions of ulcers and subdues in flammations. These pills purify and strengthen :—and thus even in moderately good health occasional doses of them prove beneficial by their tendency to preserve the body from impurities and weaknesses, whence serious ailments frequently arise. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—To counterbalance the many benefits which a free press confers on a country there is but one evil—that whatever unlimited publicity prevails there will probably be found one or two journals willing to gratify political or personal malevolence I or to pander to the public greed for scandal by calumnious attacks on individuals. Hitherto this country has been tolerably free from the scourge of personal defamation ; for the high tone of public life and the influence of an educated class which takes a deep interest in the national politics have had their effect in moulding English journalism, the conduct of which is for the most part decent and honourable above that of other countries. But to this character there are some flagrant exceptions. Since the Satirist and its brethren passed away, no newspapers have so readily opened their columns to calumny, have caught so eagerly at any flying false hood if it would serve their turn in giving them momentary notoriety or inflicting pain on their op ponents, as the organs of the extreme Radical poli ticians of this country. The gross personality of these journals is their chief title to notice, and no doubt insures them a certain number of readers, for whenever any offensive or scandalous story which has been whispered about in clubs for a week or so gets into print, it is sure to be in the pages of one of these advocates of popular morality and en lightenment. As a general rule, respectable men do not find it worth while to notice the attacks of this disreputable journalism ; but the chief repre sentative of it has thought fit, within the last few days, to pass the limits of ordinary vituperation, and to make charges which require an answer. list of alleged subscribers to the Confederate Loan has been fabricated, either here or in America, and the list, or part of it, has been published in the Morning Star, which has made it the subject of two leading articles. Whether the whole story was an American canard, or, what is equally likely, was got up in this country and sent over to America for the purpose of being subsequently reproduced here, we cannot tell ; but that it is a malicious imposture is perfectly certain, and, indeed, could hardly be doubted by any one who read it. A number of names were published by the Morning Star, including some whose operations were probably notorious, and who were introduced, no doubt, to give an air of veracity to the docu ment, but extending to others who were chosen solely because of their supposed leaning towards the Confederates during the war. How gross was the fabrication is evident from the circumstance that Mr. Beresford Hope, who never held a farthing in the Loan, is set down as being a loser to the ex tent of £40,000. Mr. Evelyn Ashley, whose con tradiction we publish elsewhere, was made to close the list as having lost only £5OO. But our imme diate concern is with ourselves. In this list the Editor of the Times is stated to have been a loser on Confederate Stock to the amount of £lO,OOO, and the Star has made its deductions from the sup posed fact. That it should be thought possible by the ignorant and obscure that the opinions of 'a great newspaper are formed from time to time to suit the mercantile speculations of its conductors is conceivable, but that such views should be really taken by men conversant with journalism and its interests—that the expression of such opinions should be honest, we cannot believe. Even had the statement been true it might have occurred to these ready calumniators that whatever opinions were expressed in the Times had been consistently held from the time when the Northern States entered upon the enterprise of subjugating the South by force. Though we in no way defended Secession, yet we were of opinion that the bloodshed and the financial burdens that would be caused by war would be a greater evil than a peaceable separation. These opinions were expressed long before there was any thought of a Southern loan, and from the beginning to the end of the struggle they never varied. So that, even had such an investment as the Star imagines and comments on been made by a conductor of this paper, it might be fairly consi dered as the effect, and not the cause, of his sym pathies. But the statement is a complete falsehood. No Confederate stock whatever has at any time been acquired or- possessed by the Editor of the Times. The injurious and insulting comments which the Star has based upon the original false hood are therefore entirely unfounded. No repro bation can be too great for the levity which admits such imputations on the congenial authority of the New York Herald, and then makes them the theme of affected indignation. Such conduct tends to lower the tone of public life in England, and to degrade the discussions of the Press by malignant imputations and base personalities. And amend ment in this particular offender we do not expect, but we have reason to hope that the scandalous articles which have been published in its columns will sufficiently disgust the respectable part of the Press, and make English newspapers more than ever careful to maintain the excellent traditions of mutual courtesy and respect by which they have been hitherto distinguished. P OST. —According to recent advices from Southern Africa, we are sorry to find that the affairs of the hitherto flourishing colony of Natal had begun to assume anything but an encouraging aspect. When war Lroke out suddenly between the Free State and the Basuto tribe, it was hoped that its injurious effects upon Natal would be confined to the suspen sion of those trade relations which, during some years of peace, had grown up between the colony and the adjoining countries. Having for a length of time maintained friendly relations with the belli gerent parties, the people of Natal, at the com mencement of hostilities amongst their neighbours, were most anxious to avoid any interference with the course of events, and to preserve a position of strict neutrality. An unfortunate circumstance, however, occurred in the first days of the war which not only at once alarmed the colonists, but has since created great excitement among them, and caused them to take energetic measures, with a view of placing the country in a position to meet a very serious contingency. No sooner had the Dutch Boers of the Free State proclaimed war against the Basutos, than the latter, better prepared than their enemy to begin the conflict, poured their hosts at several points into the territories of the Free States, where they committed every species of atrocity upon the inhabitants, who were, owing to the insane policy of their Government, totally unprovided with the means of defending themselves against so sudden an invasion of their territory. But the Basutos, not content with venting their indignation against the people of the Free States, knowing that tho country immediately lying beyond the Drakensberg Mountains was principally occu pied by Dutch farmers, and heedless of the fact that the latter were British subjects, crossed the frontiers of Natal, murdered some of the peaceable inhabitants, and carried off a considerable booty. Such an atrocious act at once aroused the indigna tion of the people of Natal, and in a very short time a large force of volunteers from all parts of the colony was assembled at Ladysmith, the nearest post to the scene of the outrages, for the purpose, in the event of repazation not being promptly made, of i n fli c ting condign punishment upon the marauding tribe. Sir Percy Douglass, the commander of the forces in Southern Africa, who happened to be in Natal at the time, also proceeded to the frontier, taking with him the greater part of the British troops stationed in the colony. A. very considerable force was thus assembled at Ladysmith—consisting of a battery of Royal Artillery, part of a regiment of regulars, several troops and companies of volunteer riflemen, and about 800 natives of the frontier Zulus, who were most anxious to be led against the Basutos. In the meantime the latter had retired with their booty across the mountains. A period of inaction now occurred, which we fear is likely to have an injurious effect in the colony. It appears that the Natal Government have no authority, even in such a flagrant instance as the invasion of their territory, to take any but precautionary measures, without, in the first place, notifying the facts to the High Commissioner, the Governor of the Cape Colony, who resides .at the distance of 1,000 -miles from the country, and awaiting his order. Sir Percy D o uglass sent a teleg ram t o th e G overnor o f th e Cape on the 2d July, s t at i ng t h at t h e B asutos h a d ma de an inroad into the Flip River country, carried off much stock, and killed some farmers ; and also that a force had been ordered to assemble at Ladysmith. The answer to this telegram was sent onthe which 12th t July, h u t ly e , after a delay of ten days, during volunteers were growing impatient, and Sir Percy was apprised that Moshesh, the Bas eo u si t ,p o tohn C ed h oe i nu ef et , rea h hg a ae d been communicated with , a nd full has restitution and from A him corr f going on between the High Commis d hismanded followers. c c o o m in m pe i n tt s e a d tio b n y s s i i n on ee er been and Basuto Chief, but the latter does not seem inclined to take any active steps to comply with the demands of the High Commissioner. His son, Molappo, in a letter, recommends the Government to " go in and do the work themselves." " says the Natal Mercury, " is what the colony is very anxious to do." Valuable time, however, has been lost in the course of the correspondence with the Basuto Chief, and it would seem that the latter is not disposed to comply with the demands of the High Commissioner for restitution of booty carried off, compensation, and the delivering up of the marauding chieftain, Letsoane. The Natal Govern ment has not the power to order any forward move ment of their forces towards the Basuto territory, and it would appear that the marauders are likely to go unpunished, the volunteers having been ordered to return to their homes. The Natal Mercury says —" The volunteer forces, who turned out in large numbers and excellent spirit, are very much dis gusted at having been ordered to return without being allowed to revenge the outrage committed on our territory." The numerous natives in the colony are very anxious at present to be led against Moshesh, and, if the latter be allowed to defy the colony with impunity, very injurious effects may be produced among them. This is a matter demanding serious consideration, and the white population. of Natal are perfectly justified in calling upon the Imperial Government to allow them greater liberty in dealing with their foreign relations. At the present time all the foreign relations of Natal, their dealings with the Dutch republics and the native tribes of the interior, are subject to the control of the High Commissioner, who has never been in the colony, and who resides a thousand miles away from its seat of government. This is felt to be a serious evil, and, as one of the local papers observes, " may in volve the Imperial Government in great expenditure and trouble, the present arrangement preventing that promptness of action so essential when dealing with savage races." The Legislature are not at all satisfied with the present position of things, and at the eleventh hour suppressed a proclamation of neutrality which was already in the printer's hands. It appears to us that no valid reason can be urged against the Lieutenant-Governor of Natal being, if that be necessary, granted a sepa rate commission empowering him to administer the foreign relations of the colony. It is evident that this most necessary appointment should be made with the least possible delay, or the present native department of the colony should be charged with this important duty. This would probably best meet the wants and wishes of the colonists, who, being chiefly interested in maintaining their foreign relations in a satisfactory state, might certainly be allowed greater liberty than they now possess in dealing with the native tribes beyond the limits of the colony. Of late years trade relations have sprung up, and are being extended, between the colonists and the adjoining countries, and it is a matter of mach consequence that the governor and his council should have the entire regulation of these important matters. There is yet another circum stance in the present critical state of the colony that militates seriously against its best interests. It appears that Col. Maclean, the present Lieutenant- Governor, was about to retire from the colony on account of ill health, having received a year's leave of absence. The government has devolved upon Col. Thomas, 67th Regiment, the Commandant of the Forces. Now, however capable that gallant officer may be, it is only reasonable to believe that his previous experience has hardly been of a nature to fit him for the office of governor of a consider able colony, whose internal and external affairs can only be properly regulated by an individual possess ing special administrative qualifications. It is un questionably of great importance, at a time when a serious danger men aces the peace of the colony, that the governor should not only be a man of firm, yet conciliatory disposition, but that he should have studied, with a faithful desire to comprehend them, the peculiarities of the people and the country, and possess an intimate knowledge of the surround ing independent tribes, to whom his name and his successful administration of the affairs of the colony should in a measure be familiar. A man of resolute character should at the present time be on the spot, one who understands the people, both within and around the colony, thus doing away with the necessity for its foreign relations depend ing upon the action of a high commissioner residing nearly 1,000 miles from the country. Such a per son, we believe, could easily be found. Mr. John Scott, the predecessor of Colonel Maclean in the government of Natal, is, we believe, at present in this country. That gentleman for a period of eight years vigorously and successfully ruled the colony, and we believe that his departure was greatly regretted by all the colonists. He it was who, under great difficulties, inaugurated the pre sent form of government, and, in fact, the country may be said to have been organised by him as a colony. The people of Natal would doubtless hail his return among them at this time with pleasure, and, in view of the existing complications in that colony, we believe it would be to the interest of Natal, as well as of this country, if, as in the case of Sir George Grey in New Zealand, Mr. Scott could be induced by the Colonial-office to accept a term of office in that part of our South African dominions. COUNTRY MARKE T B lIIILL-T UESDAY. At our market to-day there was a small show of English wheat, which sold readily at an advance of is per qr. Malt ing was in good request. Grinding barley was slow of sale. Oats held at 24s per 24 stone. Beans and peas dull at a reduction of is per qr. A fair business done in lin seed at is per qr. advance. English old white wheat, 43s to 48s ; old red, 40s to 455. Barley, chevalier, 28s to 325. Oats, Russian, 22s to 245. Beans, new English, 42s to 435. Peas, English blue, 35s to 36s 6d ; grinding, 35s to 35s 6d per 36 stone. LYNN-TUESDAY. At our market to-day the supply of wheat was mode rate; the condition generally good; both old and new fetched the extreme rates of this day week, with a ready sale. Malting barley in little demand at present ; good samples maintained late rates ; grinding descriptions rather cheaper. Beans and oats fully as dear. New wheat, 44s to 49s ; new red, 38s to 40s ; old white, 48s to 52s ; old red, 45s to 47s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 28s to 32s ; secondary, 30s ; ordinary, 24s to 26s per qr. Oats, 22s to 24s per 24 stone. Beans, large, 38s to 40s ; small, 42s to 44s per 38 stone. MELTON MOWBRAY.—TtrEsni.Y. White wheat, 44s to 50s ; red, 40s to 47s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 33s to 35s per qr; feed, 26s to 31s per 30 stone. Oats, 20s to 30s. Beans, old, 39s to as new, —s to —s per qr. B ALISBITRY.-T lIESDAY. The following are the quotations :—Wheat realised from 34s to 42s por q r . T ares, f rom 6s to 7s 36s to 50s ; barley, 26s to 368 ; oats, 22 s t o 30 s ; b eans, 40s est bread, 12d ; p3 to der s household ditto, 11d Flour, 32s to 38s p er sac k. p . 8 801br; blaounasdfh. erl e; a s h NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.-TUESDAY. There was a fair supply of wheat from the country with a small quantity from the coast, but rather a liberal foreign arrival. Trade not so brisk as on Saturday, and only a limited business dono at that day's rates. Grinding barley dull, but rather mole doing for malting. Fine malt scarce, and in demand. Beans and peas unchanged. Oats firm, but quiet. Flour is por sack dearer, with a good demand for known fine qualities of foreign. . COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. 8. d. s. d. Holywell Main l7 6 Hetton .,. 21 0 Hetton Lyons l9 0 Staffordshire 17 6 Tunstall Eden Main Ships at market, 7 ; sold, 6. Foreign Mail racket List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton... Oct. 19. Ditto, via Marseilles Oct. 13. Brazil and Cape Verds. by British paotet Nov. 5. Ditto, by French packet • Oct. 22. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. llelena Oct. 22. China. Penang. and Singapore, via Sou t hampton Oct. 13. Ditto, via Marseilles Oct. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Oct —• India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 13. Ditto, via _Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. Oct. 11. Ditto, via alarseilles Oct. 5. Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseil es. Oct.' 5. Newfoundland Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon.. United States and British North America, by lid- tish packet .. • ........ ...Oct. 14 Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp- tcn ...... • Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry—Oct. 6. West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico Oct. 14. Bahamas, via New Y ork. ... . Oct. 19 Bermuda, ditto... ......... , Oct. 25. Cuba and Mexico Births. DOUGLAP.—On the 3d inst., at Manilla House, Peckham rye, Mrs. John Douglas, of a son. HUTTON.—On the 4th inst., at Belair House, Dulwich, the wife of Chas. W. C. Hutton, Esq., of a daughter. WICKHAM.— On the 3d inst., at Maidstone, Mrs. George Wickham, of a son. Marriages. ADAMS—RICHARDS.-011 the 8d inst., at Hursley, Philip Dacros Adams, Esq., to Catherine Margaret, the oldest daughter of the Rev. J. W. Richards, curate of Hursley. FILMER—EALEs.--On the 3d inst., at the rectory church, St. Marylobone, George Alfred Filmer, Esq., Tarlington place, Maida-hill, to Alice Maria, daughter of Christopher Eales, Esq., Welbeck-street, Cavendish-square. Deaths. BURFIELD.—On the lst inst., at Hastings, Chas. Burfield Esq., aged 53. BURCRELL.—On tho 2d inst., at Churchfield House, Ful ham, Miss Anna Burchell, aged 73. FOSTER.—On the 3d inst., atWest-hill, Mansfield, Solomon Foster, Esq., aged 67. GAIMES.—On the 3d inst., at Barrington-road, Brixton, Charles Chimes, Esq., member of the Court of Common Council for Cornhill Ward, aged 54. APNAB.—On the 3d inst., at Epping-place, Essex, Daniel Robert M‘Nab, Esq., aged 74. TERRY.—On the Ist inst., at Warfield Rectory, Bucks, Wm. Terry, Esq., aged 72. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tnz. SUN °Moe, No. 112. Strand, in the Preoinot of the Savoy, in the County o f Middleaez,.—Thursday, October 6, nos. of 4 one, Lion No Dis( dire hour tern hay Rt t be s to t squl grat choc 20 a cold for aelN iiiis - 1 P lac GE Lon The Dur] aL T: Safi incl Cal Ci Ci It D The JA/ JAI J air Wit Ale: C ha Adc vvii niii Cha Bet Jos 11,1 - v Jan Ub me sta Al Im ral lh th Pt