The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-12 00:00:00

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. BAHLI. AND SAN FRANCISCO. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held yesterday at the London Tavern; Mr. T. M. Wegue lin, M.P., in the chair. The report, an abstract of which has appeared in The Sun, was taken as read. The OUTMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said they had arrived at rather a critical period in their affairs, and he hoped and trusted they would afford him the necessary support in maintaining order during the discussion. In the first place, they had some increase in the receipts, and they had received a communication from Mr. Thompson, their chief resident engineer, dated the 10th of March, stating that the line and rolling stock were in fair working order, and that he had very little doubt of being able to further re duce the working expenses, and that the traffic re ceipts would increase; so that he hoped there would soon be less difficulty in making the two ends meet. Through the default of a native clerk, he was sorry to say that they had lost between £5OO and £6OO, and he had little confidence in recovering any por tion of it. This showed the necessity of greater vigilance at the other side, as well as this side of the Atlantic. A committee of consultation had been appointed at the last meeting, and they had since made a report on the affairs of the company. The directors had noticed in their report those parts of it on which the late Board had made some observa tions. The difference of opinion between the re port of the committee of consultation and of the late Board were not so much after all ; so that the chairman of the committee of consultation might consent to move the adoption of the report of the directors, and he (the chairman) might move the adoption of the report of the committee. As he understood it, there were but two points of any dif ference between the late Board and the committee. By the payment to Mr. Watson, the contractor, of a sum of money for opening the line for traffic a considerable time before that required by the con cession, the committee stated that the late board had thereby sacrificed the interests of the share holders. He (the chairman) did not agree in that view, and was prepared to show that it was by that means the late board had been enabled to construct the line within the estimate. The directors had thus five or six years to the good, but had they de layed the opening of the line as much as they could, the capital would have fallen short of completing the railway, because in the interval the directors would have had to pay the shareholders so much more money in interest during construction. The directors believed the traffic world at least be suffi cient to pay working expenses. The late directors did not make any statement as to the traffic receipts that might be expected on the line, but he held in his hand an abstract of estimated traffic upon which the provincial Government assumed that the receipts on the railway would be £134,982 a year, the working expenses 50 per cent., or £67,491, and the net receipts £67,491, or 31 per cent. on a capital of £1,800,000. That was the ground upon - which they went for a return on the outlay. There was one point upon which the Board of Directors differed from the committee ; it was with reference to the item of accrued interest. The directors con sulted Mr. Bullar on that point, and the committee took the opinion of Mr. H. Lloyd. Mr. Bullar was of opinion that it could only be placed to capital ac count, while Mr. Lloyd said it clearly belonged to re venue, being the earnings of capital. If they divided this item of 111,600 among the shareholders the Bra zilian Government might object, and therefore it was proposed that the Government and the directors should agree as to a legal reference and let the matter be de cided in that way. He (the chairman) agreed that in the view taken by Mr. Bullar it was strictly a legal question, and he believed that was the only point of difference between them. The item disputed was placed to capital account at present. He felt that the late directors had strictly fulfilled their duty, and he much regretted the retirement of their late chairman, Mr. Samuel, from the board,Sand also other direc tors. lie (the chairman) felt it his duty to remain at the board with a view to see the ship in smooth water, but he was not aware at that time of the ex istence of 'an association of shareholders, or perhaps he would not have remained at the board. The first step he took in the reconstruction of the board was to select a member from the committee of consulta- ton, Mr. J. Morgan, who had formerly acted as auditor to the company, and was known to the Bra zilian Government. He next took the list of share holders and selected Sir H. Rich, Mr. H. Lewis, 3.1. P., and Mr. S. Neave, and, having ascertained the views of those gentlemen and their assent to ac cept office, the new board was constituted. The as sociated shareholders proposed that they should have the appointment of two other directors, and there fore it was proposed to increase the'number from five to seven, exclusive of the ex officio director. It was intended to call a special meeting to authorise the increase of the number of directors. In order to preserve harmony of action it was intended that the board should select two directors from the list fixed upon the associated shareholders. As to the remu neration of £1,200 a year voted to the directors, it was proposed to divide it among eight, instead of six as formerly. He considered the whole matter was therefore practically arranged, and that no further difficulty could arise. They would that day conclude a treaty of peace between all the parties concerned. lie believed the enterprise was a sound one at heart. They had paid £5 Bs. 9d. per cent for the past year, which was within 1 per cent. of the full guarantee of 7 per cent., and considering it was the first year of working, that the engineer could reduce the ex penses and increase the traffic, their position was not so bad after all. He believed that in a year or two they would be in receipt of thefull guarantee of 7 per cent. When they established an efficient body of directors, and the line throughout was accepted, questions might arise as to the loss on the working and other matters being made good by the Brazilian Government, and such questions would have to be settled by a united board in an amicable manner. Mr. NICHOLSON, chairman of the committee of consultation, said he would have great pleasure in seconding the adoption of the report of the directors if they would agree to place the item of £11,600 for accrued interest to a suspense account, instead of to capital. He then explained that the articles of association were so stringent,:and in some cases so absurd that if the shareholders were not'very careful in passing resolutions they would be bound in an extraordinary degree without reservation or appeal. If the directors carried out the recommendations of the committee the proprietors would be certain of ref.teiving the 7 per cent. guarantee. He differed from the late directors in their policy of reducing thefares before the roads were made to the stations, and the consequencewas that there was a falling off of about £270 a week fromthat reduction—viz., £833 against £564. He held that the tariff ought to be raised instead of being lowered. There was not a single lateral road completed to any of their stations. There were several roads in course of construction, and he believed there was plenty of traffic in the country if it could find its way to the railway. The making of the lateral roads to the company's stations had been grievously neglected. His only objectwas to benefit the property and to see where difficulties could be removed and his object would be ae com . plished. A long discussion then ensued, in which Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Conybeare, and Mr. Vignoles took part, in the course of which the report of the direc tors was received and adopted, subject to the altera- tion of the item (£11,600) in the statement of ac- ---- counts on capital being carried to a suspense account. The report of the committee of consultation, on the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Mr. Nicholson, was received and adopted. A dividend of 10s. per share was declared, making with the interim dividend of lls. per share, 215., or 5; per cent. per annum for the past year, towards the 7 perNcent. dividend provided for by the con vention made with the Brazilian Government. The directors, Mr. Weguelin, M.P. Mr. J. Mor gan, Sir 11. Rich, Mr. 11. Lewis, M.P., and Mr. S. Neave, were unanimously elected, and also Mr. Franklin, the retiring auditor. The CHAIRMAN stated that with a view to carry out the wishes of the shareholders to increase the number of directors from six to eight it would be necessary to convene a special meeting for that purpose. Mr. GOEZ contended that there was no necessity for holding a special meeting to increase thenumber of directors. Mr. NICHOLSON differed from that view, and re commended that the special meeting should also in clude the revision of the absurd clauses in the com pany's articles of association. Mr. GAINSFORD, the chairman of the associated shareholders, declined to accept the responsibility of selecting, in conjunction with the directors, two shareholders to represent the associated interests at the Board ; and would remit that matter wholly to the directors. It was agreed to pay the expenses out of pocket of the committee of consultation during the past six months. Thanks were voted to the committee for their report, which was seconded by the Chair man and carried. Some proprietors said they hoped Mr. Goez would be one of the new directors, and the chairman trusted Mr. Gainsford would agree to serve on the Board. A vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the proceedings. MIDLAND. It appears that an apparatus recently patented by Messrs. Dilkes and Turner, of Leicester, for establishing communication between passengers and guards of railway trains in cases of emergency, has been undergoing a series of experiments on the above line. The apparatus consists of a piece of rope of the required length supplied to each carriage, pass ing through wheels fixed beneath each compartment. To each end of the rope is attached a spring hook for coupling, so that a train might be extended to any length, or the number of the carriages be re duced to a minimum, without in the least impairing the effect of the signal. A small pulley is placed in each compartment of the carriage, which is con nected with the wheel beneath, through which the rope passes. Upon turning the handle of the pulley a bell is rung in the guard's van, and also one near the driver ; an indicator simultaneously springs out from the side at the compartment where the signal is given and locks itself securely. It cannot be thrust back by the passengers, so that no person can tamper with the apparatus. If a carriage were to run off the line, or the coupling break, the bells would be rung at once,without the intervention of the passengers, and probably even before they were cognizant of anything wrong. In addition to this, the apparatus furnishes an independent means of communication between the guard and driver, and cannot possibly.get out of order. Horse-boxes and luggage or any other vans may be placed in a passenger train without at all interfering with the communication, provided a suitable length of rope be supplied to such vans. The cost of the ap paratus is estimated at about £1 per carriage. CARNARVON AND LLANBERIS. The half-yearly meeting was held yesterday at offices, Victoria-street, Westminster ; Mr. T. Turner in the chair. •'l.'he report stated that the line would connect the populous and rich mineral district of Llanberis with Carnarvon, and would be one of the most remunerative lines in North Wales. There would be a large passenger traffic, arising from the quarry works which were in operation at Llanberis and its neighbourhood. The favourite route to Snow don being via Carnarvon and Llanberis, the line could not fail to be largely resorted to by tourists. The quarry owners at Llanberis were extending their operations, and a very large increase in the tonnage of slate might be looked for. The report of the engineer stated that the com pany were in possession of nearly four miles of land, on which the heaviest part of the work was in pro gress. In the course of the present month possession would be obtained of three miles of additional land. On the motion of the-CumrouN the reports were adopted, and the retiring directors and auditors were re-elected. Naval and Military Intelligence. --.0,..-- The iron lower masts for the iron-clad frigate Lord Warden, 24, 1,000-horse po\ver, have been completed by the Woodside Iron Company, to which was confided the work of preparing them from the plans and drawings prepared by the Admiralty, and a notification has been received at Chatham dockyard that they have been placed on board the Edith steamer for conveyance to that establishment. The Terpischore, 18, has been brought up the har bour from the sailing reserve squadron, in readiness to ship the Lord Warden's iron masts until That frigate is ready to receive them. The iron lower masts for the armour-plated frigate Bellerophon, nearly ready for launching at Chatham, are also being manufactured by the Woodside Iron Com pany, for the sum of £1,445. The upper masts and yards of the Bellerophon will be of steel, and these are now in course of manufacture by the firm of Messrs. Jackson and Watkins, for the sum of £1,050. The screw gun vessel Serpent, 4, 200 horse power, attached to the steam reserve in the Medway, is now in the hands of the shipwrights and engineers for the purpose of undergoing a thorough refit, overhaul, and repair, as she is required for a length ened commission in Eastern waters, where she will be employed as a surveying ship on the coast of Japan, under the orders of Commander Bullock. The paddlewheel steamer Barracouta, 6, 1,053 tons, 300 horse power, preparing for the first-class Chatham steam reserve, is having an extensive re pair effected to her hull and machinery. The recent survey of this steamer by the officials connected with the master shipwright's staff has led to the disco very that the defects are more serious than at first supposed. She is now being supplied with a new main deck, and will be in the mechanics' hands for some time to come. The Shannon, screw wooden frigate, Capt. Oliver J. Jones, was paid out of commission yesterday at Portsmouth, under the superintendence of Captain H. Caldwell, C. 8., commanding H.M.S. Asia and the steam reserve at the port. Symon Lynn, boat swain's-mate, and William Martin, captain of the afterguard, are recommended to the Admiralty for medals and gratuities for good conduct and long service, agreeably to the regulations in force in her Majesty's navy. The Shannon was first com manded by Capt. F. B. Wainwright, and under his command made a most important series of trials with screws of various forms and arrangements of blades over the measured mile course in Stokes Bay, near Portsmouth. The trials commenced on the 16tti of May, 1862, and concluded on the 7th of July following. Capt. Wainwright being afterwards appointed to the iron frigate Black Prince, was suc ceeded in the command of the Shannon by Capt. 0. J. Jones, the officer who paid her out of com mission yesterday. Extraordinary rumours have been current from time to time during the period of Capt. Jones's command, which h ave b een revived since the arrival of the ship in England. They should certainly be inquired into for the good of the service. Her Majesty's screw steamship Revenge, 73, Capt. the Hon. Fitzgerald A. C. Foley, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Hastings R. Yelverton, ar rived in Plymouth Sound yesterday afternoon. She left at Malta, March 25, the Victoria, Resistance, Royal O a k, E n t er p r ise, and Hibernia ; and at Gtbraltar, April 4, the Racoon and Proem. The Revenge brings home 22 invalid soldiers, 16 women and 40 children, in charge of Lieut. Dooner, Bth Regiment. She spoke March 27 the Grecian and the Atlas, bound to Malta ; 31st, the Felicia ; April 1, the Italian ; Gth, the yacht Falcon ; Bth the Nes tor and the steamship Delta ; and 11th, the Clyde. In accordance with existing orders promulgated at Chatham, the Ist (Capt. J. M. H. Maitland's) company of R oya l Engineers will leave that gar rison on the 27th inst. and embark for Canada, for the purpose of being employed in engineering duties connected with the defences of the fron tier. The company is now doing duty at Alder shot Camp. Previously to its embarcation it will be augmented to its proper strength from the non commissioned officers and men at the Royal Engineer establishment, Chatham, who have completed their engineering instruction, together with their practical course of study on the field-works, in the formation of batteries, earthworths, and other defences. An order also has been received at Chatham directing the 23d (Capt. R. G. Thorold's) company of Royal Engineers to be held in readiness to embark for their turn of colonial service at the Cape of Good Hope. The company, previous to leaving Chatham, will go through a course of ball practice at the Go vernment rifle range. The sixth battalion of the Military Train passed through Liverpool yesterday en route from the Cur ragh to Aldershot. The wrought-iron carriages for heavy guns of the kind now in general use by the Blakeley Ordnance Company have at length been introduced with the approval of the War Department. Notwithstanding the many obstacles which were thrown in the way of their earlier introduction, there appears to be no doubt that they are superior to the old wooden car riages. The first carriage and platform designed by Lieut.-Col. Shaw, R.A., Assistant-Superintendent of the Royal Carriage Department at Woolwich _Arsenal, were yesterday tested at the Woolwich butt. The huge 600-pounder gun, known familiarly by the name of "Big Will," was mounted on it, and was firedwith a charge of 601 b. of powder and a shot weighing 5141 b. Great interest was felt throughout the garrison to witness the trial, and there were present, among others, Major-Gen. Wilford, R.E., late Governor of the Royal Military Academy ; Rear-Admiral Gold smith, C .B. ; Prof. Airey, the Astronomer Royal ; Col. Mundy, acting commandant of the garrison, and staff; Col. Huyshe, R.A. ; Col. Middleton, C.B. ; Col. Anderson, C. 8.; Lieut.-Col. Reilly, C. 8., and many others. Major Freeth, Inspector of Ordnance at Woolwich, directed the proof, and after the first round it was discovered that some of the bolts in tended to secure the transom, to which the compres sor abuts at the rear of the carriage, had become displaced. Tle recoil was only 2ft. The result was that the trial could not be proceeded with. The whole framework was otherwise perfectly sound. The further trial is postponed for a few days in order to repair the defect. The undermentioned have been nominated to naval cadetships :—G. Elias, J. G. Podeine, W. G. Forbes, M. F. Lather, A. H. Lindesay, and H. K. L. Phillips. Thefollowing appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—W. H. Dutton, paymaster, ad ditional, to the Irresistible; and I. Hanbury, assist ant-surgeon, additional, to the Sutlej. The following appointments have been made inthe Royal Naval Reserve—To be Sub-Lieuts., William Purnell Newman and Wm. Henry Terry. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 12, 1865. Art. 9 of the said convention, invited the Government of her Britannic Majesty to accede thereto. The undersigned, her Britannic Majesty's princi pal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, duly au thorised for that purpose, hereby declares that the Government of her Britannic Majesty fully accedes to the convention aforesaid. In witness whereof he has signed the present act of accession, and has affixed thereto the seal of his arms. Done at London, the 18th day of February, in the year of Our Lord 1865. (L.S.) RUSSELL. Royal Geographical Society. ~.---_- _..- The tenth meeting of the present session of this society was held on Monday evening, the 10th inst., at Burlington House, Sir R.I. Murchison, president, in the chair, when the question of North Polar ex ploration was again discussed. The first paper, by Mr. W. E. HICKSON, was on " The Climate of the North Pole." The object of the author was to prove, by the known direction of isothermal lines of the globe and the favourable position of the polar areas with regard to the sun, owing to the inclination of the earth's axis and the diurnal motion, that the prevalent notion of a maxi mum of cold at the poles was quite erroneous. Dis tance from the equator wasnot an accurate measure for cold, as the equator itself was not a parallel of maximum heat. Sir David Brewster pointed out as long ago as 1821 the probability of the thermometer being found to range ten degrees higher at the pole than in some other parts of the. Arctic circle, and this opinion had not been invalidated by any facts subsequently discovered. The summer climate must there be far more equable than that of the north temperate zone, and although the Polar wintermight be correspondingly equable in its severity, it would be rather a prolonged evening than a six months' night, owing to the moon when at the full never setting, and the skies being irradiated by the aurora borealis. The paper concluded by a stirring appeal for the resumption of Arctic enterprise on the route attempted by Parry in his Spitzbergen voyage, showing how with the advantages of steam power and accumulated experience the attainment of the pole was not a matter of great difficulty even by the gunboats of her Majesty's navy, two or three of which might annually be•sent to cruise about on the edge of the pack, with orders to run in for the Polar Sea should an opening in the ring of pack - ice oppor tunely present itself. A second paper was " On the best route for North Polar Exploration," by Mr. C. R. Markham. The author stated that the plan for a Polar expedition via Smith Sound was conceived and deliberately weighed by himself and Captain Sherard Osborn in the month of October last, the opportunity appealing to Capt. Osborn favourable for the resumption of Arctic en terprise. It had now devolved upon him, since the departure of Captain Osborn for India, to meet and answer the various objections which were made to the Smith Sound route. The chief of these was the preliminary difficulty of reaching the base of opera tions, on account of the pack ice in Baffin's Bay, it having been urged in favour of giving the Spitzber gen base the-preference that this difficulty did not there exist, as there was open sea all the way every summer. The author contended that the Baffin's Bay obstacle had been much exaggerated, and he enume rated no less than 38 exploring ships which had suc cessfully passed to pack ice, there had been only two failures, and these arose from the impatience of their commanders, who quitted the secure route along the land floe to penetrate the pack. The great advan tage of the route from Smith Sound to the Pole over that from Spitzbergen was that by sledging along and surveying the shores of Greenland we were sure of making great geographical and scientific dis coveries, even if we failed in the main object. Whereas if an - expedition failed via Spitzbergeu, the ships would have simply scored a track through a few miles of frozen sea and come back again. The PRESIDENT, in reviewing the advantages of the two projects which had now been brought before the society, said that he wished to adduce a few considerations which had occurred to him in the North Pole. 1. The fact had been well ascertained by Scoresby and others that every portion of the floating pack ice north of Spitzbergen was made up of frozen sea water only, without a trace of terrestrial icebergs like those which float down Baffin's Bay, or those which, carrying blocks of stone and debris, float northwards from the land around the South Pole. 2. The northern shores of Siberia told the same tale, for in their vast expanse the absence of icebergs or erratic blocks, or anything which could have been derived from great or lofty masses of land to the north, had been well ascertained. 3. As a geologist he would point out that this absence of erratic blocks in Northern Siberia had existed from that remote glacial period when much larger tracts of Northern Europe were occupied by glaciers than at the pre sent day. He had himself followed the northern erratic blocks (originally transported in icebergs from Scandinavia) inl\lorhern Germany and Russia, which blocks no longer appeared on the east of the Ural Mountains. 4. The traveller Middendorf found the extreme northern promontory of Siberia, Taimyr, clad with fir trees, while the immense tract of country to the south of it was destitute of arboreal vegetation, showing a milder climate at the point of Siberia nearest the pole. It now remained to decide upon the best plan for reaching the Polynia of this induction. There could be no doubt that great additions to va rious branches of physical science would more cer tainly accrue from the adoption of the Smith Sound route, as it would lead along the shores of Green land, than from the purely maritime expedition to the north of Spitzbergen ; but they were not called upon to express their opinion in favour of one or the other plan. It would be for the council of the society, aided by the advice of the councils of other scientific societies, so as to put the case before the Admiralty and her Majesty's Government as to secure the fulfilment of a great geographical object by those means which our rulers might deem to be the most efficacious, after consultation with the offi cers appointed to lead the expedition, and after a due consideration of the evidences which had been elicited in the progress of these discussions. He believed it unnecessary to combat the feeble argu ments of those who opposed the expedition on the score of danger. Surely the British navy had not come to that condition, that with their present great means and appliances they could not emulate the efforts of Hudson and the Elizabethan voyagers in their little cockboats. The PRESIDENT then read portions of a letter which he had just received from Lady Franklin, dated Madrid, April 6. Her ladyship expressed her eapnest wishes for the promotion of the expedition. It was due to England and those who had gone be fore that no other country should have the honour of being the first to make such a discovery. There was no better time than the present, while we had with us, still in the prime of life, officerslike Clin tock and a host of hardy seamen trained to Arctic voyages. It would be unreasonable, and much to be deplored, if the fate of her husband and his com panions were to be made an efficient objection to all future Arctic exploration. They met with the unhappy end which often befell the pioneers in tentative enterprises ; but they rested alone in their awful calamity. With the increased knowledge and better appliances now at our command, no repeti- tion of such a catast ro ph e nee d b e dreamt of. Capt. INGLEFIELD, a lth oug h qu ite agreeing in the practicability of re ac hi ng th e N or th Pole by way of Smith Sound, believed that the safest and shortest route was that to the north of Spitzbergen. The dis tance from London to the pole by Smith Sound was 4,000 miles; but by way of Spitzbergen only 2,500. He had himself three times passed through the pack ice in Baffin's Bay, but it was an enterprise of great difficulty, and in going northwards from Smith Sound he believed all our previous knowledge jus tified us in believing that an open sea would be met with, which *mild put an end tb sledge travelling. He firmly believed that a stout steam vessel would be able to force its way through the pack ice north of Spitzbergen into the Polar Sea. As to the cost, Parry's voyage cost only £9,975, and the expedition sent out by Lady Franklin —a screw steamer sup plied with every necessary for two years and a half —cost only £10,412. Commander J. E. DAvis, R.N., gave a graphic description of the icefields of the Antarctic, which he penetrated when serving under Sir J. Ross in the Antarctic Expedition, and described the permanent ice-barrier which they met with after entering the open sea beyond the pack, and which, in a length of 450 miles, effectually barred all approach to the pole. If such a permanent barrier existed around the North Pole it would be impossible to reach the pole itself ; but, if there was open sea, the existence of a wide belt of pack around it was by no means an insurmountable obstacle, as was well proved by Antarctic experience, and the best plan for pene trating it was to take well fortified steamers by the Spitzbergen route. If an expedition was to be sent to Antarctic lands in 1882 to observe the transit of Venus, it was absolutely necessary that men should be educated to meet that requirement, and the north was the school to prepare for the university of the south. Captain ALLEN YOUNG, R.N., was in favour of expeditions being sent by both routes. He thought the danger of Melville Bay had been much exagge rated. If an expedition was to start on the plan of passing one or two winters in the Arctic regions, he should decidedly prefer Smith's Sound, but if it were only a summer journey he would say go by Spitzbergen. Mr. LAMONT related the substance of many con versations he had had with Norwegian walrus hunters during two summers he had spent at Spitz bergen, with regard to the regions to the northward. All of them scouted the idea of an open Polar sea. He was inclined himself to believe in the existence of land north of Spitzbergen, and had seen true ice bergs, though he confessed there was no terrestrial debris upon them. If an open Polar sea existed, the question could be decided by a small screw steamer -in three months, but the plan he advocated was sledging to the Pole from Spitzbergen in March and April, after a winter spent in hunting and laying in provisions. In Smith Sound the danger would be want of food, but in Spitzbergen nothing of the sort could be feared, as he himself, with his companions, had shot 200 animals in two seasons, and some of the valleys swarmed with deer. Before the meeting was adjourned the SECRETARY read an official communication from the Linnmn Society, strongly in favour of the proposed expedi tion. In this document the much smaller risk of life in Polar exploration than in African and other ex peditions was remarked on, and an outline given of the range of subjects within the domain of biology, upon which light could be thrown only by a scien tific expedition towards the pole, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The fourth year of the Civil War in America will be completed to-morrow, and the pages of history might be searched in vain for a series of incidents so unexpected and events so un foreseen. The Southern States reckoned on esta blishing their Confederacy - by the intervention of Europe, which would, it was thought, be driven to fight for the sake of cotton. The Northern people thought to finish the war in 90 days, and to scatter in a single c am p a i gn th e f orces by hich a few am bitious men were overpowering the real Union sen timents of the South. Both were disappointed, but both surmounted the disappointment and fought desperately on. It was then believed that the finan cial extravagance of the Federals must precipitate a national bankruptcy, and that the abolition of slavery by the Government of Washington would add a servile insurrection to the difficulties of the South. The North has managed its finances with out an actual catastrophe, and the proclamations of President Lincol n h av e fallen without effect upon the negroes of the Confederacy. Even in incidental speculations conjecture was at fault. The Northern armies were never decimated by fever in the swamps of North Carolina or Louisiana. The Southern armies, even when most successful, could never accomplish an effectual invasion of States believed to sympathise with them. Richmond, expected to fall in the first campaign, holds out to this day ; Washington -has been repeatedly in as great peril. In England the confutation of the most justifiable predictions has been more remarkable still. If anybody had asserted in April, 1861, that this country co u ld di s p ense with its cotton manufactures, and that the paralysis of the whole industry of Lancashire for years to gether would be attended with little suffering and an absolute improvement in the public health, the pre diction:would have been regarded as the utterance of a madman. Such a retrospect might well induce us to shrink from speculation on the chances of the war as they appear to us at present. The last mail, indeed, teaches us little beyond this—that Lee, though unable to gain any ascendancy over Grant, is not only undismayed but active, and that Sherman has been compelled to act with greater circumspection since Johnston has once more taken the field against him. His advance from Fayetteville to Goldsborough bears very little resemblance to his march from At lanta to Savannah, and from Savannah to Colum bia. In those operations he was practically unmo lested, for the army which should have been opposed to him had been sent away on a hopeless expedition to his rear. But since his arrival at Fayetteville he has found a very different work before him. John ston has gradully collected and consolidated a re spectable force in his front, and is manoeuvring that force on the same principles as those on which he acted last summer. He is unable to withstand Sher man in a pitched battle, but he engages him in con stant skirmishes and defends every advantageous position. In the conflict of reports describing the recent operations we can only conjecture the truth from the actual result, and it seems probable that Sherman, who was advancing in a northerly direc tion from Fayetteville upon Raleigh, must have de viated to the east, and marched upon Goldsborough because Johnston was too strong for him in his front. There is no longer any doubt that the battles at Averysborough and in the neighbourhood were fought between Johnston's army and Sherman's. Averysborough is on the direct road from Fayette ville to Raleigh, and the check received on the 16th of March apparently induced Sherman to abandon his advance on that line, and to move off to Golds borough to join Schofield and Terry. By the last accounts the three Federal Generals were at that town, while at Smithfield, directly between them and Raleigh, Johnston had once more taken up a position of defence. The critical state of affairs, however, was signally demonstrated by a Council of War held at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac on the 27th of March. So closely are the Confederates now encompassed, and so small is the circle to which operations are confined, that the Commanders of three Federal armies could assemble together to meet the President of the Republic and concert measures for the consummation of what is believed to be the last campaign. Sheridan had at last fought his way through the Shenandoah Valley and had descended upon the scene of Grant's operations. Sherman had done the same from the opposite direc tson, or at least had ad vance d so f ar th a t h e cou ld easily join the Conference by sea. So there they met in conclave—Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan together, and President Lincoln could hear and estimate their plans. Whether the Chief of the State thought the end so near that, like Louis XIV. at the conclusion of a siege, he has repaired to the spot to witness a triumph, or whether he anticipates that negotiations may be resumed with the Confe derate Government, we cannot say ; but the Head of the Republic was certainly present with the Army of the Potomac and presided at the Council of War. It may now be anticipated that the three armies of the North will act in concert, and that the opera tions of all will be directed towards a single end. The events of the last few weeks will have demon strated the truth of our remark, that the recent change in the aspect of the war has been due in great measure to one unfortunate error on the part of the Confederate Government. Whoever decided on removing Gen. Johnston from the command of the south-western army of the Confederates gave Sherman the game. It was not because Sherman was irresistible that he did so much, but because he was not resisted. We see now what can be done by even an inferior force in harassing and impeding the advance of an army in a hostile country. Had John ston been retained in command of the army which retreated from Dalton to Atlanta, it is not too much to assert that Sherman would never havereached Sa va,nnah at all. Two such skirmishes as those at Averys borough and Bentonville would have been fatal to his advance, for they would have cost him his ammunition and his provisionstogether. It was only i n th e k nown absence of any antagonist that he ventured on so lohg and so hazardous an expedition, and the result showed the sagacity of his calculations, for he tra versed Georgia almost without burning a cartridge, while the army which should have made him pay for every step was vainly assaulting Nashville be hind his back. It had evidently been concluded that what Sherman might do in Georgia Hood might do with even greater effect in Tennessee ; but the fallacy of this presumption cost the South dear. Hood did nothing but lose his army ; Sherman did all that he intended, and much more than he could have hoped. He was enabled to convert a doubtful adventure into a splendid success, and to march at length upwards th r o ug h South arolina to the aid of Grant. Not until he entered the territories of North Carolina was he confronted with his old an tagonist, and the result has already been that his march is checked and'his tactics are transformed. He has now actually halted his army for a period of repose, before once more embarking on what he owns to be a dangerous campaign. The flag which was hauled down on Fort Sumter just four years ago is to be hoisted again to-morrow amid the salutes of batteries and the rejoicings of the troops. The Federals are entitled to this triumph, for the Fort is actually theirs once more ; but impartial history will acknowledge that the Confederates might look upon the battered ruin with at least equal pride. They defended it successfully for an unexampled period against every attack of an enemy enormously superior. It has been computed in America that the soil of the State of South Carolina might have been purchased in fee simple with the money expended in the fruitless attempts to cap ture Charleston. Nor was Charleston ever cap tured. It became untenable through the manoeuvres of Sherman's army, and its blackened ruins form only an incidental trophy of his triumphant march. In this way the Federals did win it, and it is theirs, but those who held it for four years together against stupendous forces may claim also their share of credit in the reminiscences of the past. POST.—The particulars of the recent operations in New Zealand have now reached us, and they scarcely deserve to be designated as satisfactory. The story of the assault and capture of Maori pahs is always the same—a rush on the part of the assail ants, a brief struggle on that of the defenders, an exchange of volleys, and all is over, except the mournful duty of tending the wounded and burying the dead. The recommencement of hostilities, which many were sanguine enough to believe had finally terminated some months since, was signalised by an attack on the part of the natives on some unarmed colonists. The alarm having been given, General Cameron, the officer commanding our troops in New Zealand, made his appearance with portions of the 18th and 50th Regiments, and the Maori position was forthwith attacked. The natives had posted themselves behind a pah flanked by a line of low huts and scrubwood, and the troops, who advanced in skirmishing order, were compelled to run the gauntlet of a galling fire, delivered, not merely by the natives defending the earthwork, but by others secreted in the adjoining bush. The fence which invariably covers the approach to a Maori pah was scaled without difficulty by the assailants, and, after a desultory fire, which appears to have lasted for a considerable time, the skirmishers, after dislodging the natives from the bush, retired to the adjoining camp. This affair, which, however, entailed on us a loss of 3 killed and 7 wounded, was but the in auguration of hostilities, which, as we learned by telegram a few days since, have become much more serious. The Maoris are once more in open rebellion, and again the difficult task is submitted to us, not merely of subduing them, but of reconciling them to our rule. In a debate which, about three weeks since, took place in the House of Commons, the policy of the Home as well as of the Colonial Government was thoroughly ventilated, and various were the suggestions which were offered for the cure of an evil which it was universally admitted was far from being eradicated. If New Zealand is to be colo nised, if every acre of its soil is to belong to Great Britain, let the work which we have begun be pro secuted with a firm hand ; and, recognising the fact that the inferior must in time give way before the superior race, let us, without squeamishness, treat the Maoris as a conquered race ; do what we please with their lands ; and govern the country with a view exclusively to the interests of the colo nists. Such was the advice of Mr. Roebuck. The principles, however, which have hitherto dictated the policy of the Government have been different, and, as we think, have been more consonant with the character of a humane as well as powerful na tion, and more in keeping with the spirit of the age in which we live. When we proceeded to colonise New Zealand we discovered there a race far different in respect to moral and intellectual qualifications from the large majority of savage tribes which, in other regions of the globe, we compelled to acknow ledge our supremacy, and, as it were, by the mere force of contact, caused to vanish at our approach. A few years of intercourse with the aborigines of New Zealand satisfied us that they were both intel ligent and brave ; that they recognised and observed the distinctions drawn by more civilised nations between right and wrong ; that they could appre ciate fair dealing, and were prepared to observe the engagements into which they entered with good faith ; and, discovering all this, we asked ourselves whether it was not possible to form an amalgama tion with a race of men which seemed in every re spect fitted to accept the teachings of civilisation. This question the Imperial Government answered in the affirmative, and if the result has not realised their .anticipations it is impossible to avoid admit ting that they were actuated by humane and gene rous motives. However the pending struggle in New Zealand may terminate—whether in the ex termination of the aboriginal race, or in its perpe tuation as an element of the colonial population— the policy pursued by the English Government must equally redound to its credit. It may in some sense have been a mistaken policy; it may have attempted too much; but it will nevertheless furnish a bright page in the history of our colonial empire. The substitution of a constitutional for an almost arbi trary Government in New Zealand, and the formal recognition of the native race as not only entitled to enjoy the same personal, but also the same poli tical rights as the colonists, were measures which furnished ample guarantees of the kindly spirit in which we were prepared to treat the aborigines. It has been said that the Maoris were incapable of appreciating the boon. But this was not so. They may anl doubtless were unfitted to discharge those political functions with which we were willing to invest them, but we believe that they were fully sensible of the disinterestedness of the motives which dictated the policy of the Imperial Government. But, as events proved, we had either granted the MaoriS too much or too little. The tide of emigra tion from these shores continued to swell the num ber of colonists in New Zealand, and the new comers demanded land for the sheep walks and farms for the sake of which they had come from the opposite quarter of the globe. Each day witnessed fresh encroachments in their territory, or, in plainer lan guage, on their property, and the natives, notwith standing their boasted civil and political privileges, found themselves compelled, whether they chose it or not, to part with their lands on terms which were virtually dictated by the purchasers. On the one side stood civilisation prepared to turn every rood of soil to substantial advantage, and, on the other, barbarism struggling to retain whole regions as mere hunting grounds. The result could not be doubtful. The land was appropriated by the colo nist, but the native, stung by a sense of injustice, flew to arms to defend himself, if possible, from similar acts of oppression. There is of course no choice open to us but to crush the revolt. No Government can admit a justificatfon for rebellion. The Maoris have taken up arms ; we must compel them to lay them down. But are we, therefore, obliged to abandon the policy which we have hitherto pursued, and, relinquishing all hope of making the nation tractable subjects, prosecute the war with such severity as to reduce them to a state of abject subjection, and by some sweep ing act of confiscation prevent the possibility of any future collision between them and the colonists in respect t o l an d e d r i g h ts ? W e think not. Our policy, it is feared, has not been successful, owing to the selfishness of the colonists. We do not blame the settlers for extending the area of their possessions ; but they are open to censure for the manner in which they have done it. Despis ing the native race, regarding them, curiously enough, as interlopers whom it was a moral duty to deprive of their property, they have been indifferent about giving cause of offence, from a consciousness of their ability, with the aid of the Imperial Govern ment, to punish any who were bold enough to resent an act of wrong. Indeed it has been said, and not without plausibility, that the colonists have sought to provoke a revolt in order to obtain a pretext for confiscation. • Under these cir cums t ances, the course of the Imperial Government is clear. The people of this country not unnaturally object to being called upon to bear the - expense of wars over which they have no control, and from the results of which they reap no benefit. If the colonists were left to them selves to settle their disputes with the natives, it is shrewdly suspected that revolts would be less fre quent. Such is the conclusion at which thelmperial Government appear to have arrived ; and, instead of sending additional troops to New Zealand, it is their intention, when the opportunity presents itself, to diminish the force now stationed there, and leave to the colonists the duty of self-defence as conse quent on the privilege they now enjoy of self-govern ment. New Zealand is quite large enough for native Maoris and immigrant Englishmen, and, if the Home Government refuse henceforth to fight the battles of the latter, it will probably be found that the two can live together in a state of com parative, if not of perfect, amity. ST. ANDREWS.—THREE FISHERMEN DROWNED. --Another sad calamity has cast a deep gloom over St. Andrews. Monday forenoon three fishermen met a watery grave from the upsetting of their fishing boat. From what we have been able to gather it appears that W. Thompson, aged above 70, H. Waters, 27, and James Wilson, 18, went out to the fishing early in the morning of Monday, and when within a mile of the pier on their re turn were caught in a sudden gale from the west, which bore down the boat and sunk her in deep water, carrying the three unfortunate men with her. The circumstance was observed by a boy from the shore, who shouted to those at hand. Boats put out at once to the spot, and Thomson was drawn up with a line to which he clung under the water. Life was still in him, and he was con veyed to the shore and taken to the Custom-house, whero medical aid having been procured, the usual appliances were administered, but without effect. Waters has left a wifo and two children ; Wilson a wife and one child. Their bodies have not yet been recovered. The Ambulance Convention, ACCESSION OF THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT TO THE CONVENTION SIGNED AT GENEVA, AUGUST 22, 1864, FOR THE AMELIORATION OF THE CONDITION OF THE WOUNDED IN ARMIES IN THE FIELD. Signed at London, February 18, 1865. The President and Federal Council of the Swiss Confederation having communicated to the Govern ment of her Majesty the Queen of the United King dom of Great Britain and Ireland, a convention signed at Geneva on the 22d of August, 1864, be tween the Swiss Confederation, his Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Baden, his Majesty the King of the Belgians, his Majesty the King of Denmark, her Majesty the Queen of Spain, his Majesty the Em yeror of the French, hi s R o y a l Hi g h ness t h e G rand - Duke of Hesse, his Majesty the King of Italy, his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, his Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algraves, his Majesty the King of Prussia, and his Majesty the King of Wurtemberg, for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded in armies in the field, which con vention is word for word as follows CONVENTION FOR THE AMELIORATION OF THE CON DITION OF SOLDIERS WOUNDED IN ARMIES IN THE FIELD. The Swiss Confederation, his Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Baden, his Majesty the King of the Belgians, his Majesty the King of - Denmark, her Majesty the Queen of Spain, his Majesty the Emperor of the French, his Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Hesse, his Majesty the King of Italy, his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, his !Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algraves, his Majesty the King of Prussia, his Majesty the King of Wurtemburg, being equally animated by the de sire to mitigate, as far as depends on them, the evils inseparable from war, to suppress useless severities, and to ameliorate the condition of soldiers wounded on the field of battle, have resolved to conclude a convention for that purpose, and have named as their plenipotentiaries (here follow the names of the plenipotentiaries), who after having exchanged their powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles : ART. 1 . --- Ambulances and military hospitals shall be acknowledged to be neuter, and as such shall be protected and respected by belligerents so long as any sick or wounded may be therein. Such neu trality shall cease if the ambulances or hospitals should be held by a military force. ART. 2.—Persons employed in hospitals and am bulances, comprising the staff for superintendence, medical service, administration,tramport of wounded, as well as chaplains, shall participate in the benefit of neutrality whilst so employed, and so long as there remain any wounded to bring in or to succour. ART. 3.—The persons designated in the preceding article may, even after occupation by the ehemy, continue to fulfil their duties in the hospital or am bulance which they serve, or may withdraw in order to rejoin the corps to which they belong. Under such circumstances, when those persons shall cease from their functions, they shall be delivered by the occupying army to the outposts of the enemy. ART. 4.—As the equipment of military hospitals remains subject to the laws of war,persons attached to such hospitals cannot, in withdrawing, carry away any articles but such as are their private pro perty. Under the same circumstances an ambu lance shall, on the contrary, retain its equipment. ART. s.—lnhabitants of the country who may bring help to the wounded shall be respected, and shall remain free. The generals of the belligerent powers shall make it their care to inform the inhabi tants of the appeal addressed to their humanity, and of the neutrality which will be the consequence of it. Any wounded man entertained and taken care of in a house shall be considered as a protection thereto. Any inhabitant who shall have entertained wounded men in his house shall be exempted from the quartering of troops, as well as from a part of the contributions of war which may be imposed. ART. 6. Wounded or sick soldiers shall be enter tained and taken care of, to whatever nation they may belong. Commanders in chief shall have the power to delivery immediately to the outposts of the enemy soldiers who have been wounded in an en gagement, when circumstances permit this to be done, and with the consent of both parties. Those who are recognised, after their wounds are healed, as incap able of serving, shall be sent back to their country. The others may also be sent back upon condition of not again bearing arms during the continuance of the war. Evacuations, together with the persons under whose directions they take place, shall be protected by an absolute neutrality. ART. 7. A distinctive and uniform flag shall be adopted for hospitals, ambulances, and evacuations. It must on every occasion be accompanied by the national flag. An arm badge (brassard) shall also be allowed for individuals neutralised, but the de livery thereof shall be left to the military authority. The flag and the arm badge shall bear a red cross on a white ground. ART. 8. The details of execution of the present convention shall be regulated by the commanders in chief of belligerent armies, according to the instruc tions of their respective Governments, and in con formity with the general principles laid down in this convention. ART. 9. The high contracting powers have agreed to communicate the present convention to those Governments who have not found it convenient to send plenipotentiaries to the International Confe rence at Geneva, with an invitation to accede there to ; the protocol is for that purpose left open. ART. 10. The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Berne in four months, or sooner if possible. In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms. Done at Geneva, the 22d day of August, 1864. And the Swiss Confederation having, in virtue of STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, April 11.—The market for export yarns has been extremely flat, but in the absence of business to test prices it is difficult to give a correct idea of quotations. Prices, however, are lower. For home-trade yarns we have also had a very quiet market. There has been little business except for qualities which enter into the manu facture of India goods. The orders given out lately for India shirtings bring manufacturers into the market for yarns of this description. Prices are slightly lower than on Friday. The cloth market has been quiet ever since last Tuesday. Mer chants appear afraid that prices have not reached the lowest, and arebidding in the most timid manner. Prices have continued gradually to decline. The market is no doubt affected a good deal by the recent failures, and a general distrust, with an apprehen sion of further stoppage, is creating a distaste for business on all sides. The actual operations of the last six or seven days have been small in the aggre gate. To-day the market is again very quiet, and although there has been some little inquiry it has chiefly been with a view of testing prices. The only offers made have been at very low rates, and the business resulting has been exceedingly small, at a marked decline on the rates of last Tuesday. LEEDS, llth.—There has been a good attendance of buyers in the cloth-halls, and they operated with more spirit than for some time past. Sping weather appears to have fairly set in, and it has given a considered impetus, as far as sales of goods are con cerned, to the woollen cloth trade here. Several London buyers are down, and they are making satisfactory selections of both ordinary plain cloths and spring and summer goods. There is more animation, indeed, in both the home and export trade, and it is not improbable that though the spring trade has commenced late it will be of an average extent. A few samples of winter goods have been inquired for, and manufacturers are giving their attention to the production of such fabrics as will suit the fall trade generally. The dressers and finishers are well employed. Prices of both clothing wools and goods are steady and firm. NOTTINGHAM, llth.—At our Exchange-hall to-day there was a fair attendance. The demand for lace yarns, however, assumed a dull aspect, at little or no alteration in prices. For silks prices were higher, and spun silks sold at advanced rates. The inquiry for hosiery yarns are limited, prices being about the same as last week. For brown nets the demand was very inactive, but there was no material change in the quotations ; prices for these goods (notwithstanding the rise in cotton) are nearly as low as before the American war commenced. ROCHDALE, 10th.—The flannel trade continues in. the same dull state we have had to report for several weeks. The manufacturers are not so well employed as they were a month ago, and even at the present rate of production stocks are slightly accumulating. The attendance of buyers-has not often been smaller than it was to-day, and purchases were made on a retail rather than a wholesale scale. Notwithstand ing the current dulness, prices of goods are steadily maintained. Yorkshire goods—low woollen and mixed fabrics—are also dull of sale in the market, which is partly affected by many of the manufac turers now making Halifax their principal market. Wools are firmly held by the local dealers, but the business doing is of a hand-to-mouth character. COUNTRY MARKETS ------- .r--...------ BRISTOL -TUESDAY. At our market to-day, with July weather, we had a quiet wheat trade ; no sales reported. Barley firm, and tending upwards. In oats the high prices asked checked business, although agc od many parcels have passed hands. Beans and peas firm. LIVERPOOL-TUESDAY. At this day's market there was only a small attendance of the town and country trade, and the business do ne was confined to small purchases for the supply of immediate wants. Wheat, with a slow retail sale, may be quoted ld per 100113. lower on the week. Flour offered at a decline of is per sack and 6d per barrel. In oats and oatmeal there was a fair business doing at full prices. Barley, beans, and peas without change in value. Indian corn inquired for. Fine Danube offering under 28s per 4801 b. found buyers. SHEFFIELD-TUESDAY. At our market to-day the show of wheat was fair, and the trade was slow at fully is under the rates of last week. The demand for barley was steady at late rates. Oats very dear ; beans firm. Red wheat, per load of 3 imp. bushels....lss Od to '63 - 131. White do do ....16s Od 188 Od New red do do ....tGs Od ➢6s 6il Is ew white •do do '6B 6d 18s 0.1 Beans do do ....15s cd 16s Gd Peas, per qr. Grinding ba ley, per qr 3as Od 32s Od Malting barley, ( o 32s Od Ms Od Oats, do 2ls Od 26s 0(1 F100r.... is 4d to Is 8d per 111 b. LEEDS-TUESDAY. We have only moderate arrivals this week. The wheat trade to-day is exceedingly slow, the business passing being very small at rather lowering prices. Barley, beans, and oats are all quite as well sold. The average prices for the week ending April 10 were : Wheat, :40s Bid per qr. ; barley, 33s 2±d ; and oats, 24s Od . MONMOUTHSHIRE-MONDAY. The local markets have been fairly attended. The in creased firmness evinced last week for fine samples of wheat has been fully maintained, while second qualities met a slower sale. Foreign arrivals have been limited. Oats firm, and malting barley a moderate inquiry. The following are the average quotations :—Wheat, 5s Od to 5s 6d per bushel ; barley, 3s id to 38 7d.; oats, is lid to 2s 6d. MELTON MOWBRAY.-TUESDAY. We had a seasonable show of wheat at our market to day, and samples were in fair condition. The tone of the inquiry was inactive, and prices in favour of buyers. White wheat, 41s to 45s ; red, 36s to 41s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 30s to 33s per qr ; feed, 27s to 28s per 30 stone. Oats, 20s to 275. Beans, old, 41s to 435; new, 36s to 43s per qr. Foreign Mail Packet List. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton,,, Apill 18. Ditto, via Marseilles April 12. Brazil and Cape Verde. by British packet May 4. Ditto, by French packet ...April 22. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.... April 23. China, penang, and Singapore, via S ou th ampton —April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles April 12. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton • .April 11. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.... April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton April 11. Ditto, via Marseilles April 20J Mauritius, via Southampton April 1 i. Ditto, via Marseille] May 6. Newfoundland April 12. Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet Ditto, by United states packet, via Southamp tcn Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry April 11. West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe April 12. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico April 13. Bahamas, via New "York. Aprit 6. Bermuda, ditto April 12. Cuba and Mexico April 23. Births. BRANDRETIL—On the 10th inst., at Worthing, the wife of A. M. Brandreth, Esq., R.E., of a son. BUTLER.—On the 9th inst., at Eaton Socon, Beds, Mrs. F. G. Butler, of a son. RONEY.—On the 11th inst., at 10, Gloucester-crescent, Re gent's-park, the wife of Richard Cusack Roney, Esq., of a daughter. Marriages. LAVINGTON—WRIGET.—On the 10th inst., at Tarporley, Cheshire, Albert A. Lavington, of London, to Eliza, the fourth daughter of Jas. Wright, Esq., of Tilston Heath, Cheshire. RADFORD — WINGFIELD.—On the Bth inst., at Saint Giles's, Camberwell, Raymond Wilson, second son of Thomas Radford, Esq., of Carnfield Hall„ Derbyshire, to Eliza, the only surviving daughter of the late henry Wing field, Esq. Deaths. ASIIMORE.—On the 10th inst., at Dover, John Ashmore, Esq., aged 78. _ _ - Cox.—On the 9th inst., Thomas Cox, Esq., of Stoke New ington, aged 79. Goocir.—On the Bth inst., at Barking, Essex, Henry Burton Gooch, Esq., aged 79. RENDERSON.—On the 10th inst., at Torwoodlee, Torquay, Rear-Admiral Thomas Henderson, aged 70. NIPPIN.—On the 11th inst., at 126, Wood-street, Cheap side, Mr. George Nippin, aged 63. Szabo.—On the 10th inst., at 11, Duke-street, St. James's square, Colonel Emeric de Szabo, of the late Hungarian Army, aged 45. TRIPP.—On the 9th inst., At Silverton Parsonage, the Rev. Charles Tripp, D.D., aged 80. London : Printed and Published by WIL LIAM ANDREWS, of No. 112, Strand, Pfinter, at THE SUN Office, No 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Middlesex.--Wednesday, April 12, 1805. bl V ti; at' Sc ce ve