The Sun. — London, England, 1852-09-07 00:00:00

. -____ The tri "It& ANNANDALE PEERAGE. folio is a concise hi*tery illus. of diltinshe, and noble . Joans. Dumfriesshired and Annandale house are of The very great annu y. antiquity, and ever distinguished for th e i r pAtri4tim They first became ennobl e d in th e Pers on Lord of Sir jam" Johnston, who was first creat e d Johnston in 1633, and then Earl of Hartfield in hi by Cha r l es the First. He was succeeded by the" 1 4° , 11 'Limps, second E ar l o f Hartfield, who subse n - vnti v , by the Ki ng ' s perm i ssion, changed that t i t l e Earll of Annand a l e . H e was succee d e d by hi s an n " initial, the thi r d E ar l of the fam i ly, b ut secon d earl of Annandale, who was created Marquis of NV An nandale in the year 1701, by William the Third. He t4B succeeded by his son by his first wife, James, 'econd Marquis, who dying without issue, was !needed by his half-brother, Lord George, who by laiZ e rnis sinn of lunacy was declared of unsound diei ver since the year 1745, and subsequently ta a i i : e i c ring no issue, since when the title has re hare In abeyance, and the immense family estates been estranged from the family. ser v -°wev er, Mr. G eo rge Souter . Johnston (who 4Je r ed wit h his regiment, the 38th Foot, in the last meancl a i war,) is now vigorously prosecuting his oth all to b e Marquis and Earl of Annandale, and 50,- er M inor titl e s, an d t o th e vas t estates (upwards of fou u do o/. per annum) appertaining thereto. He itoi l : a his claim as sole heir to his father, the late t oril ' a t and venerabl e Li e ut.-General Souter Johnston, Who ant of all h e r Majesty's Marine Forces, th e oo hs grandson to the first Earl of Hartfield, and . hurviviog br o th e r to the late Marquis of not ed and who assumed the title of Marquis and lit• as such at the election of the Scotch Peers to 184 the imperial House of Lords abuut the year G,, and the n pre f erred h i s c l a i m to i t . Th e G a ll an t 1 0 , 1 1 '1 I died i n t h e year 1818 , s i nce w h en hi s o n ly do me tu h e Present c l a i mant t o th e M a r qu i s ate and Earl %eclennurs and estates of Annandale , . has never h A . at Proper periods urging his right of succession Was ' l r at law, and his petition to that effect of P, l r esented some few years ago to the House halt by the present Marquis of Londonderry. With r ' Georg e Souter Johnston has hitherto met 14ecerfat difficulties in prosecuting his claims t . o . a ka.) , l a i t tli issue by reason of two persons(one a s.ohci docilitaving absconded with most important original egae~:rats, records and certificates relating to the lieerch!o rectify which the most active measures and b ncla e l h e ,g inquiries a r e b e i ng pursu e d, w hi c h th e r e is let C' Wilt ultimately prove successful, and at once Itsetirrltest all co ll atera l asp i rants, w h o un j ust ifi a bl y nior e e the surname of Johnston, in order to give B out„BP:niousnes s to their pretensions. Mr. George eorti dohnston's petition is still pending before the tnitte e of Privileges of the House of Lords. W e , YMARKET THEATRE. 4 'apnc, - " re haPpy in being able to record Mrs. Keeley's N i r,a ra t le after her late severe accident, which Th e 7" 1 her for some weeks unable to perform. : l ecak n r ,,, ain ft of Jack Sheppard wag revived for the lept e l , — ) and With it was revived her very popular %di p entative of its hero. A large and fashionable 4 f r ' e b o ce a ssembled to celebrate the event, and testified , t ,tth e i h tle nt and energetic plaudits their gratification 'qqr L er feot restoration of this lady's health, and the ra"miration of the unimpaired powers of one of otit d o 3t natural and effective actresses who have in th e ll : endeavoured to sustain the waning fortunes ttleb r -uritish stag.. Paul Bedford sustained his 44 d role of Blueskin. CRE- IMORNE GARDENS. Zgp, D ESCENT OF MADAME POITEVIN Far BY A PARACHUTE. 'pat : e r " Yeara the use of parachutes has in a to"'at Ore been abandoned. The lamentable ac ltrafted",_ occurred to Mr. Cocking in 1838 dis k•littlir.siet.'uor.oughly those appendages to an aerial 44 4 t a .6 " SO many years have elapsed since the 'Nit a the metropolis have had an opportunity tit %Bi n t)i n % Pow, g a safe descent from a balloon by means led - tits, a description of the apparatus em °li this interest ing . tea e ear . occasion may prove ~.f e et i n composed of light wicker-work, about t e l joo g - `"ameter secured by means of ropes to tio a:circular iron tubing, about twelve or fifteen 4111.4141,14tneter. Bet ween the ca r and the circular 1 . 4 ) tif6,.. a lne alluded to, is firmly attached some stout o.or c i ii 7o to elastic frame-work, similar to that of closed;llnbrella, which it greatly resembles, eq c t he during the ascent and expanding Nitlre the of the descent. In order to k ths to c Proper expansion of the parachute, th e 7 e x : e y .?id any accident, M. Poitevin has ti ti !ala e r oc ` l ence found it advisable to open oC q tity the balloon and discharge a considerable 41 (if ga° by which means two advantages are tie 'lf th e r at, the ascertainment of the due expan- Orieti tiyarachute, and secondly. by thus having Oty t h he balloon of a great part of its " force of pallier events its dangerously rapid ascent after 4 11 :ta eat . u te has been detached from it. Having tad w i t i f s 'ned a few of the principal particulars con k,"lo t i e ,",the construction of a parachute, we pro at,'"a 111 the ascent and descent of Mons. and t i c! hieToitevin yesterday evening. M. Poitevin k i l : 1 1 1 % 4 Y (who was driven into the gardens by Mr. 1;0 1 th e ; a t half-past six o'clock precisely) havi ng th f o ,f r , seats in their repective cars, orders were it te s tnose who held the balloon to l e t go , when 4 1 0 1; ;Ist o ent was accomplished in be a ut if ul style. ' el ' Clapham-common, and about 5,000 teet te, tl ll'ely e ... t arth, the parachute was detached, and so °tat "re the arrangements made, that to the til pil e er 6l the xi la is parachute appeared for some time MS. 1/1 0 .11 R Le air without any sensible descent Place ; it then sensibly but slowly descended ; h,,, Which it appearedit l 1 4 - 7 l cg velocit apparently de 1311waY again to be stationary, slowly, and withPoi -141‘: safely annyo'm arrived at the earth. M. the balloon accomplished ~4 4 1 t % tent of the safelyas bis descent at Streatham, parachute was watched with much 14111;411 . 1" P" P le rode and drove after it in great tnat;• the oTbbe enterprise appeared to be considered th 44 of the de" presumptuous feat, but the steadi -14..e scent soon reassured the spectators, and .601 ) , '7 a general expression of admiration. It is No, creditable to Mr. Simpson, the lessee of Cre 4.trat be „'"ecs, that, before allowing the descent of a : 11 ,0 1 ; 16 requested th a t th e parachute should th o ler t b a dto come d own l oa d e d w i t h a we i g ht sk peri n a human b e i ng, to test i ts sa f e t y ; a nd ' 0 rn er't was mad e , as we s tated in Friday's 0y 1 ti Thurs - - d ay last. Madame Poitevin is evi ° tie s Y great courage, and is said to have IkasebelltY 30 descents by parachute abroad. The ola Pthat d "favourable character of the weather e - ri s t ra P-e . d the pleasure of the afterpart of the fir t ertainm ents, •seAt• eter which partook of an open oh,ut .this was greatly mitigated by the Ittk e otl et la Qatton afforded by the numerous e_le ''oltj.(l to v . e ient arbours, the spacious theatre, &c. \ta i va i this e stablishment. In the latter Madame W m int kta, t d roduced to the anxious assemblage, a l ' till c heer. 11 2 safe arrival by three rounds of i'letl e at :* The other sources of entertainment aid ary Qx re d for at these gardens were of their descentar -esile nce. Madame Poitevin will make on Thursday next. ON TO TAE I c i i >lo EDITOR OF THE SUN. 0 004 r . l oist r Year article in The Sun newspaper of l 'ltit. la g tind er g Frail, the barber, you seem to be " ~,"e r a mistake respecting his present where tOsy as at Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire, ) 1 , e l'lcg " Saturday last, where I bad the pleasure 4 1, ,, B ,%ion 'l r d . 8 1 5 ealeng to that distinguished tonsor. I,soi l iPtl3 li ptcg there at present for the benefit of th the the fatigue of the late elections. kto R iR th e wrnation be of any value to you, so as tV, 41 . -v taa ~i ncd ern Oliveida Din and his party k h zou - y e ,,, cc rat of their stewardship," I shall be 4 °W h n -a y depend upon its correctness, but I -NY I l ong he may remain there. ti ola am, Sir, yours respectfully, 4 °tel, A A CONSTANT READER. ....baryst w ith , Sept 6. ,(.1-esterday Mr. Brent held an inquest, il tl tocp,„ ti ,tion, at the Mitre, Connaught-terrace , tk'aae(p; tine Grathorex, aged 34, late housemaid . 1 4 ttPer at tad 4 Stanhope-place. Mrs. Hankey, 411 er stated that deceased, who had lived two tl tn 4 if t tlrl til i ee 4a t tl 4,zi always conducted herself soberly and pohi ; t k i nd f er „ .. ll : ) l lraday, when, while dining, she flung !ta rd ,o_er s n _the table, and rushFcl iuto her be te d-_ Ir tl>,' ll eA 3 ,:og h er e 8 followed her, .and having interro t g s a_ ac d . 1: 1 110 brou Strange conduct without getting h a sa e _i_ o t w. ask ed 6 ';!L be . r into the presence of er fII q v i wi th rehr uer if there was anything the m.atter Jov be e " Nothing. I can't tell what is the • k r. t r ali ght ,r• itness then asked her if she was in love, It t o4 lv. tldg e todg e i, ° ;, She said, "Nu; but I must say that • ,7t44 gi,' Lue utler). Witness further asked if me,gle en her any cause for that attachment. She 4 h e N Ter 5 , 5 ',P0t at all. I cannot state the reason why Ith e tlfo r ,Ying IT % At seven the next morning witness found kft,; %Ned k; the bed -room in such a frightful state that i ( 1t,,R0i,, (14 hi, • D elafield of it, and he sent for Dr. Bruce, . to bedrrivallo),„ , pronounced life extinct. Shortly teet t liv td "Uld A .'eeaseol told her fellow-servant that she ,mtil s r °Ye t i as sess -le that night. Dr. Bruce said that when t b, N4l4, l(l 4 e h ti had . n t w o wo . hours dead having -40ed-9'4„4„, her nen , b ' twisting aprons tightly several 'ts' p: 44 eeti o ,'". Mr. Judge having proved that the 41 ha A ;. was Wholly inexplicable, the jury re tueN v l.l, - onsanity. Il itl itt er l4 tot the Y. THE DUCHESS OF KENT.- 4, l l,tu by' th e w :lightest chance of the Duchess of Kent v t.q ie r 1 1.‘ 4. 40 ' 44°en-a3bornun down in the river . a few weeks h red rne, Antwerp steam-ship, ever being Zit ot t lll has beano' he able to run as a passenger-boat efrOtion 8° m uch got on to the mud-bank at Grays, but tt r. y little, and aaj., h ea tinst t▪ 4isted tit Ver I!rip o e a r hatteredas ho to we r v en er d:r ha h v e e r engines, ) 44 4 tr, will amply repay the coat of 1 1 , 4 te d scl 41 , r• A T r• 13sndon, the sitting nicgis* to to •a i n Were I to r, the chief clerk, were for some time 4 11 'lto • bwea - e array 0 t ni 49 l 4 n e st r e e r a A u I i c h a t i when war e . 3 ral w est ring a r.i9mbEr of volunteers to 11 4 ti ait tiltir t hen The questions and a recruit is sworn THE SUN, SPORT/NG NOTES. N o , ('7,,,`C.1 THE WAR WICK MEETING. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Lin,—The warters for tho principal races to-morrow I atu not enabled to give, on account of the clouds of doubt which surround the running of many horses, but it is tolerably clear to my vision that the C.'s will occupy the first and recond places for the Borough Han dicap—Charley and Charming Woman for choice; that ifirsuta will carry off the Great Warwickshire Stakes; that Little Harry will lac first, and Teddington second, for tho Warwick Cup; that Paddy Aird and Gladiole will cccupy the first two places for IN County Stakes, lanthe and Tophana being well up; that Bullfinch and Remunerator ought to be first and second for the Welter Cup; that Warwick and Cotton Lady should hold the premier positions for the Town Plate; and that Charley or Margaret of Arjou will walk over for the Avon Stakes. The betting this morning on to-morrow's races was as follows:—Borough Handicap-2 to 1 eget Charley. Warwick Cup-6 to 4on Little Harry, 2to 1 agst Teddington, sto 1 agst Cariboo, 10 to 1 any other. County Stakes-2 to 1 agst Paddy Bird, 4to 1 agst Gla diole, 6to 1 agst lanthe. Welter Cup-3 to 1 agat Bullfinch, 4 to 1 each agst Remunerator and Brawn, 6 to 1 any other. Town Plate-3 to 1 each agst Warwick and Cotton Lady, 6 any other. It will be seen by comparing my remarks with the betting that the public take the same view of the results as I do; which . necessitates, if my predictions should prove to be true, a heavy loss to the fielders. Le Juif is doing good work, will accept, and, I fancy, be a great favourite for the Cesareseitch. Hernandez is going on all right, will not be brought out before the First October Meeting, when he seems destined to be triumphant in the third bout of the Third Triennial Stakes, having already won the first and se cond heats.—l am, &c., Sept. 7. THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF. SPOR TIN INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY. THE LEAMINGTON STAKES. 3 to 1 agst Lord Wilton's Lady Evelyn—taken sto 1 agst Mr. Palmer's Goldfinder—taken and afterwards offered Towards the close of the betting, 3 to 1 was taken freely about Lady Evelyn. Hugo was declared not to start at 4'15 P.m. Bush ranger was scratched for this and his other Warwick engagement in the morning. WARWICK CIIP. 5 to 4 agst Mr. Howard's Little Harry 2 to 1 agst Mr. J. M. Stanley's Teddington—t 5 to 2 9 to 1 offered agst any other DONCASTER CHAMPAGNE STAKES. Even on The Reiver. THE GREAT YORKSHIRE HANDICAP. 5 to 1 agst Lord Glasgow's Knight of the Garter—t ST. LEGER. 5 to 2 egst Lord Exeter's Stockwell—take 3 to 1 3 to 1 agst Mr. John Scott's Songstress—taken and afterwards offered 4 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke—taken and afterwards offered 8 to 1 agst Duke of Richmond's Harbinger 9 to 1 egat Lord Derby's Longbow The only bets were on John Scott's two, the mare most in favour, but the outlay moderate. Ofers to take 10 to 1 each about Harbinger and Trousseau. THE CESAREWITCH STAKES. 1,000 to 30 agst Mr. Greville's Scarecrow 1,000 to 30 agst Mr. Phillips' Le Juif DERBY. 1,200 to 100 laid agst The Reiver Nothing else mentioned. COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, SEPT. 5. Her Majesty drove yesterday in an open carriage to the Ballock Bhuie, accompanied by the Princess Hobe")lobe Langenbourg. His Royal Highness Prince Albert went out deer stalking. The dinner party yesterday included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Princess Ade laide of Hohenlohe Langenbourg, and Lady Augusta Bruce. The Right Hon. J. W. Henley arrived in town on Saturday night from the continent. The Right Hon. Gentleman transacted business yesterday at the Board of Trade. The Marquis of Winchester had an interview with Mr. Secretary Walpole yesterday at the Home-office. Mr. Bond Cabbell, M.P., had also an interview with the Right Hon. Secretary. Dispatches were received from the Governor-Ge neral of Canada yesterday at the Colonial-office. Dispatches were also received from the Governors of the West India Islands. HOP IN I ELLIGENCE. MAIDSTONE.—The weather during the last few days as done wonders for the hops, which aro growing rapidly and looking exceedingly well. There is a little blight in some of the plantations, but it is nothing to signify_ Wa shall grata a vory largo prop r.oviripti the weather continues fine. The duty is estimated at 240,0001. LENHAII.—The effects of the fine weather are fully discernible in our plantations, which present a really beautiful appearance. The hops are very clean, there being no vermin and but little mould. They will pay a large duty—some go so far as naming 235,000/. 11IINTON.—The hops look remarkably well. sere and there is a little piece affected by the mould, but it is fur from being general, and although much tumbled about by the late storm, yet we shall grow a capital crop. CANTERBURY.—A week or two since we were deplor ing the presence of mould in our hop gardens, accom panied by other discouraging appearances, and could discern little else than a limited crop and an inferior pp quality. The veil has been r e m ove d; t h e weather has w be il e l n ne p w ro b p e iti t o h u e s r , e a s n a d lt an l a li bu e n h d e a p n e t and are excellentiaetapproaching produceing maturity; they never looked better; and picking will soon become general. Already h as a beginnin g been made in some grounds. The pol es are b ending clusters of fine hops, many of th em measuring nearly h four inches in length. At Scurry Boughton, Fordwicli and other places, the same result has attended the very favourable weather of the past week. The d uty i s a l vancing, and may now be safely estimated at upwards of 205,0001. BURWASIL—We have recovered in great measure from the gale, and the present genial weather brings the hops forward very fast; in many gardens there will be but a top crop, but they are clear from vermin, and w i ll produce a good sample; altogether ou r p r ospects are cer tainly cheering. EAST KENT.—In the hop district the attention is now drawing to the hops, which are a good crop, and the Irish are again on the roads to their annual places of work; and they will be much required to gather in the large crop. On the Hill district some care will be required in picking, as there is some mould. Although sulphur has been used to a considerable extent, there is a little of the evil to be found. Some pieces dressed with sulphur at cutting time have been much improved, though not cured entirely.— Sussex Express. FARNHAM, ALTON , AND COUNTRY DISTRI CTS .---Our plantations have made great progress during the past week, and bid fair for a good crop, both as to quantity and quality. Picking will be pretty general about the 7th September. Mr. Charles Attfield, of Farnham, has been presented with a medal for hops shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and has received an order to supply her Majesty the Queen with some of his growth of the present year.—South-Eastern Gazette. NEW Hors.—A pocket of Kent hops, of very supe rior quality for first bridge, has arrived pi c kings, grown by J. Wino, Ton at market, and been sold by Messrs. Mease and Wild to Messrs. Kitchin and Thornton at 81. per cwt. FUNERAL OF TOE LATE DUKE OF HAMILTON. The mortal remains of the late venerable Duke, which arrived at the Motherwell station, about a mile and a half distant from Hamilton Palace, on Thursday, were without the least delay conveyed to the palace. The funeral took place on Saturday last, the present Duke of Hamilton, the Hon. C. A. Murray, Hon. Captain Murray, and other immediate rela tives and friends of the defunct Duke attending at the mournful solemnity. The magnificent mausoleum was con secrated on Wednesday last by the Bishop of London, pre paratory to the remains of the late Duke being placed in their last resting-place. - - SUPPOSED MURDER AT SHEFFIELD.—OR Friday evening about half-past seven two children, who were gather ing blackberries in a hedge-bottom at Eastbank, about a mile and a half to the south-east of Sheffield, discovered the dead body of a man almost concealed among the bushes that had overgrown the ditch. Upon an examination of the body by persons drawn together by the information of the children, it was found that the right cheek was mangled by an extensive semicircular wound, extending from the lower lip down the chin, following the lower jaw, and turning up ward to the corner of the eye. It was likewise found that there was a slight cut from the right side of the nose down ward, crossing the larger wound, and that the jaw -bone was broken. A few yards further down the hill a pool of blood was discovered, and marks upon the grass as though a heavy body had been there, and been dragged away. The right hand trousers pocket was turned inside out, and the only property found on the body were two small song books and a new pair of lady's scissors. Various parts of the clothes were much smeared with blood. The appearance of the body led to the belief that it must have remained undis turbed for a day or two, for the blood was blackened and the wound flyblown. At an inquest held on Saturday evidence was given which leads to the belief that the body was that of Mr. A. Robinson, a travelling draper, residing in Spring gardens, Doncaster, but who regularly visited Sheffield once or twice a week. After hearing this evidence the inquest was adjourned to Wednesday next. ANNETTE ; A TALE._Under this title, 8 new work is announced for immediate publication, which is likely to attract a l arge s hare of public atten tion. It is from__ the pen of the late William Frederick l'eacon, so well known for his long connexion with the metropolitan press. The interest attacking to this publics ion will be greatly enhanced from the circumstance that the tale is to be pre faced by a Me mo i r o f t h e au thor, written by the Hon. Sir T. N. Talfourd. UNIFORMITY or TlME.—Exeter is taking the lead in the west of England in a movement to secure the adoption of Greenwich time. The Astronomer Royal, in answer to a question put to him in reference to the tidal regulations, says that an alteration in the time would only require the next edition of the printed tables to be altered. The Admiralty would have to be memorialised before the Dockyard and other Government clocks could be altered at Ply mouth and Devonport, but after the Astronomer Royal's opinion in re ference to the tide tables, we may expect a favourable view of the question in that quarter. There can be no doubt but that uniformity of time would be a great desideratum, and we hope to tee it effected. LONDON, TUESDAY SPIRIT of the PUBLC JOURNALS. FROM THE. DIORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. TIMES.—A tew days ago we leid before the public an outline of the care between the Peruvian aud American Governments respecting the territorial sovereignty of the Lobos Islands. These islands are barren and uninhabitable rocks, emerging from the Pacific Ocean at a distance of some twenty or thirty miles from the northern shores of Peru. Without any capacities for agricultural production, and long considered as almost worthless property, they have recently acquired a value from the rich deposits of guano which they have been found to possess. As the importance of this commodity became manifest, the Government of Peru converted its heretofore nominal rights over the territory into active jurisdiction, and stationed vessels of war off the islands to prevent any shipments of guano except on terms of its own pre scribing. The British Government, though moved to opposition by its subjects, deferred to the authority thus exercised, but the United States resisted the claim, and alleged that the Peruvians had no such title to the territory as would give them exclusive rights of possession. They claimed the liberty, in short, of taking the guano without paying for it, and, when a trader of New York applied to his Government for information on the subject, he was apprised by Mr. Webster that the " De partment of State" was " not aware" of any sovereignty vesting in Peru, but that whereas Ben jamin Morrell, jun., a citizen of the States, had " discovered " these islands in 1823, it was possible that a certain title might pertain to the American Government itself. Since that time, the correspon dence which ensued between Mr. Webster and the Peruvian Minister at Washington has been laid be fore Congress, and we yesterday published the letter in which, under so recent a date as the 21st ult., the American Secretary maintains at length his own views of the question. The case of the Peruvian Government may be premised in a very few words. The islands in question designated by dis tinctive Spanish names, lie within a couple of hours' sail of the shore in a well-frequented sea. That they were not " occupied " in the formal sense of the term is true, for they were unfit for habi tation ; but so notoriously had they been both " discovered " and appropriated that there is scarcely any good map, however ancient, which does not contain them, laid down and attached to what were then the old Spanish provinces of Peru. There is, in fact, 'not the smallest reason for pre suming that they escaped the knowledge or visits of' those who settled or conquered the shores of the mainland ; nor is it in any degree probable that, before the uses of guano were known, any State or Government would have questioned the title or juris diction of Peru. It is against such evidence as this that Mr. Webster is reduced to plead. The original demurrer of the American Secretary rested on the double argument that Peru could show no claim at all, and that the States could produce the "disco very" of Benjamin Morrell in 1823. Unfortunately, however, for the latter plea, Mr. Webster himself has now been induced to found a third argument on facts of a totally opposite character, and whereas, in his communication to Captain Jewett, he had spoken with studied respect of Benjamin Morrell's claims of disco very, he is now fain to defend himself against the appeals of the Peruvian Minister by the assertion that the citizens of the United States have been accus tomed to frequent these islands for fishing purposes ever since the year 1793 at the very latest—that is to say, for 30 years at least before their imputed discovery by Benjamin Morrell ! And " all this," now adds Mr. Webster, "is well known to the commercial world." Yet, nevertheless, the Ameri can Secretary in his note to the Peruvian Envoy does positively venture to allude again to this " supposed discovery, not indeed as " founding an exclusive right on the part of the United States (!)" but as " a fact fit to be considered in common with other facts and occurrences," and the import of truth ft a h t i h s memorable " fact" be thus sums up The appears to be that Captain Morrell was on a voyage of discovery, and did, in fact, discover, or was sup posed to have discovered—guano on these islands !" We trust that this argument will commend itself in its full force to the appreciation of European states men. The " discovery" of territory by an American thirty years after it had been confessedly frequented by other American!, is still spoken of as something "supposed," and as a "fact" which, though not con clusive of the q uestion, is " fit to be consider e d" by the side of others. Finally, what was originally ad vanced as the discovery of the island itself is com muted for the discovery of something upon it; so that if gold were suddenly to be found in the Isle of Man by a Frenchman, Louis Napoleon's Government might plead a claim to the mines. With regard to the positive title of Peru Mr. Webster is equally at fault for any arguments to invalidate the pretensions of that State. Its territorial rights, infect, were as plain, as notorious, and as well recognised as any rights could be over territory of thug tice,ciption. islando wc.c nut inhabited, for they were uninhabitable, but they were set down and described as Peruvian property when ever they were described at all. The Government of Peru did not maintain any protective force on the shores in question, because they were not imagined to contain anything worth protection ; but as Peru n ove a r s the negotiability of guano became known the juris diction of the State was duly exerted. As it is per fectly incontestable that the sovereignty of this territory received all the recognition that was claimed for it, the only true question is whether the sovereignty has been permitted to lapse. Forty years ago there would not have been a doubt about the Pe ruvian title, which was as plain as that of Great Britain to Australia, or of the United States to their unoccupied prairies. Now, however, Mr. Webster asserts that, inasmuch as the Americans have habitually resorted for more than half a century to these islands for the pursuit of seals and other animals, they have acquired a " better title," on the score of possession, " than could be maintained by Peru ; as if a long-established en croachment of fishermen on a foreign shore could confer on the State to which those fishermen belonged a right to enter on possession of the territory itself. No person can pretend to doubt that the sovereignty of these islands has been presumed from time imme morial, in so far as any thought was given to such a subject, to be vested in the Peruvian Government. The first notable exercise of its jurisdiction took place in as , 8 13 3 0 3 w. A a l p r p . \ e 't r a r e i b s s g t speaks i of this ustasifith a a c d t no not t sovereignty previously been understood ; whereas he is compelled to admit that it actually produced a correspondence between the two Governments of Washington and Peru. This correspond e nce, too, he endeavours to turn to his own account, though it contains a complete refutation of his claims. When the Government of Peru, at the period above mentioned, warned off foreign vessels from the Lobos Islands, the American Envoy at Lima did certainly put in a remonstrance, but in this re monstrance, as Mr. Webster himself confesses, so far from denying the original jurisdiction of the Peru vian Government, he actually solicited a modifica tion of the decree in favour of the American fisher men who "had been allowed quietly to follow their occupation for so many years. Yet, in the very next paragraph of his note, Mr. Webster observes, " Here then is a formal remonstrance on the part of the United States against the asserted sovereignty of Peru over the Lobos Islands, to which no answer, as far as appears, was given." Now, if the reader will but reflect that in the preceding passage of this iden tical note Mr. Webster himself had described this very remonstrance as "not formally denying the original right of Peru, but requesting a reconsidera tion of the decree," he will readily appreciate the justice of the conclusion which the American Secre tary now declares to constitute the " standing ground " of his countrymen. The fishermen and " sealers" of the States had long frequented without license the shores of certain islands always set down and distinguished as Peruvian territory. When warned off no exception is taken to the jurisdiction exercised, but consideration is requested for the claims of usage in this particular occupation. Yet this " re monstrance" is now cited as a protest destructive of Peruvian sovereignty, and conveying to American citizens the right of entering upon the islands them selves to seize and export what they can find. CHRONICLE.—The restless and aspiring citizens of the United States cannot endure the thought that any of the treasures of the western hemisphere should belong to others. With untiring energy they ma k e effort after effort to g ras p the p rizes which most t e mpt their longing eyes. E ven if they fail, there i s doubtless t , e t s t s e msomething outwit, pleasant it,to f frighten, g t h o t their en, orto overreach their neighbours. They ha ve tried bard for the sugars and cigars of Cuba, and their only " order " o „ f chi. i a that) theirund b o y r b p i t i . r a t c Theyal vows have to s d e r a a a g r e t d h e the L codon e y of the Bay of Fundy ; and now they covet the rich gsuecarneotadreypohsiimtsseolffththerLawobsosbalstlaands. veryTshleendAmerveerica veil io n f sophism over the barefaced attempts of his keen and sharpwitted countrymen ; and so much is usually done by perseverance, audacity, and reckless assertion, that the justification, such as it i 5, of success, may very possibly reward his and their joint effor ts. It is dif ficult to help giving some credit to a statement which is repeated again and again. There seems a sort of legitimacy in any claims that are constantly and unhesitatingly brought forward ; and the facts on which international rights depend are often alike unknown and uninteresting to the mass of men. It is easy to pervert them—easy to make any statement respecting them that may suit the purpose of the mo ment. it happens, however, that the claim put for ward by the Americans to appropriate the guano of the Lobos Islands is asserted at a time when English men are peculiarly well able to judge of the merits of the question. Some of our own countrymen lately made a similar claim, but the English Govern ment refused to sanction it. Our agriculturists and shipowners were too deeply interested in the result to EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7, omit to urge every available plea for treating those precious rocks as the common property of all who might, choose to vi,it th em . B ut the r i g h ts o f th e Peruvian Republic wer e so c l ear l y indisputa bl e th a t our Foreign Secretary had no choice but to declare that British subjects could not be protected in carrying off the property of Peru against her will. Perhaps the ardo ur o f the Americans may have de rived a fie .11 stimulus from the thought that they are seeking what England has failed to obtain. At all events ' it is difficult to b e li eve th a t the real grounds of the Peruvian claim are known either to the people or to the Government of the United States. The facts, however, are so few and simple that con tinued ignorance will be inexcusable. A brief sum mary will convince any European, at least, that Peru has right on her side, if she has not might. The Lobos Islands—that is, the islands of the sea-wolves or seals—consist of two groups, lying respectively about twelve and forty-one miles from the coast of Peru. Their Spanish name and th e ir proximity to make the continent, wou ld alone it prima facie pro bable that they were, from an early period, reckoned as part of the dominions of Spain, and that they therefore belong t o th e R epu b lic which has now suc ceeded to her right s . Th ere is abundant evidence that they have, in p o i nt o f fact, been so treated by, Spanish authorities. A map, w hi ch was in a ll pro bability made 200 y ears ago, and the longitude of which is calculat e d f rom T oledo, places a group of islands, inscrib e d " I so l as de los Lobos, " within the territory of Peru ; and it is added, in a note at the bottom, that they were first discovered in 1574. In 1748, two eminent Spanish navigators, Juan and D'Ull oa , p u bli s h ed a narrative of voyages in which the Isl an d s o f L o b os are specially mentioned by name as one of th e po i nts to be ma d e , or a t least to be sighted, by vess e l s b oun d to Paita; and in 1787, Alcedo, in his " Geographical an d Historical Diction ary"—an authority whi c h even Mr. Webster, in his dispatch we published yesterday, affects to respect, while attempting to evade it s decision—particularly describes them as comprised withi n the Vice-Royalty of Peru. Accordingly, when, i n 1834, the British schooner Campeadora was employed i n sea l -f i sh i ng o ff the islands, without the permission of the Peruvian Government, the local authorities laid an embargo on the vessel. It is material to bear in mind that, as guano was not then known as an article of foreign commerce, it was not for the sake of that recently de veloped source of wealth that the Peruvian Govern ment thus treated the islands as part of its possessions. The matter was brought under the notice of Lord Palmerston, who was then Foreign Secretary, and he acquiesced, without the slightest hesitation, in the claims of Peru. In 1847, the Government of the Republic had a survey made of all the places within its dominions were guano was found, and in that survey the Lobos Islands are minutely described, and the amount of their stores carefully estimated. In short, the title of Peru to the Lobos Island s is as clear as any title can be to a territory not actually occu pied by man. The islands have not been inhabited, for the best of all reasons—viz., that no human being could have any inducement to wear away life on barren rocks of slate and granite, partial) covered with beds of m anure . Th at th e Peruviansy have not been in the habit of resorting thither for guano is readily explained by the fact that they possess bound less stores of the precious commodity in more acces sible spots. But they have not altogether neglected the islands. From time immemorial, the Pertivian Indians have been accustomed to go there to obtain seals, birds, and eggs, cargoes of whi c h articles they have carried to different places on the coast. The Government, however,fearing,that the birds would be scared away by strangers, and that the deposit, would consequently cease, have attempted, by every means in their power, to prevent the visits of these Indians. It is difficult to see how there could be a more com plete occupation of a spot which derives the whole of its value from the fact of its being uninhabited. As for the pretence that the islands were only discovered in the 19th century, not only is it contrary to known historical fact, but their geographical position renders it utterly absurd. They are but a portion of a great bank of rocks which rise above the surface at different points of the Peruvian coast. Centuries before Eu ropeans ever saw the Pacific, the subjects of the Incas knew the uses and the value of guano; and all islands in their vicinity, containing deposits of a sub stance on which the agriculture of Peru entirely de pends, must have been known to the Indians as well as the Scilly or the Channel Islands are to ourselves. " Both islands," says M. de Rivero, in a letter ad dressed last May to Lord Malmesbury, " may be easily seen by any vessel navigating the sp ace w hi c h divides them—a course which is taken generally by almost all the vessels engaged in the coasting trade on that part of the coast of Peru." It is a curious illustration of the quiet manner in which a gentleman sitting behind a table at Washington, or in Downing-street, disposes of the ends of the earth, that Mr. Webster could coolly say, a won lb ur two a g o, It is quite probable that Ben jamin Morrell, junior, who, as master of the schooner Watson, of New York, visited those islands in Sep tember, 1823, may justly claim to have been their discoverer. He gives a full account of them in his narrative, published in New York in 1832." It must have struck Peruvians as a little remarkable, that islands among which their boats and catama rans had been plying for many generations should have been " discovered" in 1823. It will be seen, however, that Mr. Webster himself is aware, by this time, that he went a trifle too far when he advanced that extraordinary theory. In his latest dispatch on the subje c t, the claims of the American skipper are wonderfully attenuated ; and " the truth appears to be that Captain Morrell was on a voyage of discovery, and that he did in fact discover, or was supposed to have discovered" — not the islands themselves, but —"guano on those islands.' The recklessness with which Mr. Webster advances assertions which he is compelled to retract almost as soon as uttered, and the audacity with which he " supposes" whatever suits the purpose of the mo ment, may relieve us from the nece ss it y of pursuing his argument f ur th er . B u t t h e truth is, these are but idle historical disquisitions in the eyes of Americans — totally beside the question when they want gua no, . and are not a f ra id of war. This is the re al secret of their high words. They are, or think they are, Prepared for war, for they have never yet felt what it truly is. They see it only on its bright side, as the readiest mode of gratifying their wishes; and men who can look on war in s uc h a li ght are usually prompt and unhesitaling in all they do. We hope, h o wever, that we may infer from th e c l os i ng paragraph of Mr.Weh ster's last dispatch, in which he condemns "private war," and talks of "further examination of the case," that the Cabinet of Washington have not fu ll y decided to carry off the guano first, and inquire into their right afterwards. At all events, if the Ame ricans resort to force without any pretence of right, their conduct must be set in its true light. What ever may be the issue of this dispute, it concerns not only Great Britain, but all mankind', that the simple truth of the case should be universally.knowo, f and th e that American cupidity should be stripped ° ifi ation mask of justice which a perversion and fsis•- c of facts might enable it to assume. A THE CALORIC SHIP. A NEW MOTIVE POWER. (Fretn the New York Daily Tribune.) We took a hasty glance on Monday at the new steam -ship, building by Perrine, Patterson, and Stack, in Williamsburgb, and intended to test tho roughly the celebrated caloric engine invented by Captain Ericsson, and which, if puccfs,ful, bids fair to supersede steam in all the innumerable uses to which that power is applied. Captain John Ericsson, a distinguished theoritical and practical mechanic, member of many scientific so cieties, and K n i g h t of the Order i of l Vasa, was born in Vermelaud, Central Sweden, taste for mech an i cs while ac n h.ld Bo3. Hisst d ro ng was notic eby Count Phten, an influential member of the Swedish Court, who procured for Ericsson (when only nine years old) a place as cadet in an engineer corps, and at thirteen years old he was made a leveller in the survey of the proposed ship canal from the Baltic to the North Sea. Sub sequently, he left the corp s and entered the a. rmy of Sweden, at first with the rank of ensign ; still he spent much of his time in mechanical studies speculations, and projected one o f hi s earliestnotaablde inventions—a " Flame Engin e ," intendeldt6o workh in wee bn innyt condensing flame instead of steam. In 82 to England with the idea of putti ng his engine operation, but was seriously disappoint e d i n l earning that mineral fuel would not answer. Of course the machine was a failure, and was never revived. But the inventor was not disheartened, for in 1829 he com peted for the prize offered by the Liverpool and Mau. chester Railroad for the best locomotive, and built one which ran at the (then) incredible speed of fifty miles per hour. A few years afterwards Mr. Ericsson came to this country, where his name has become widely known in connexion with numerous inventions of great utility. His improved management of guns, as applied on board the United States steamer Prince ton; his propeller, his semi•cylindrical engine, his cen t r ifugal blowers, &c., are well known. He added not a little to our department of the Great Exhibition, last year, where he had a new instrument for mea suring distances at sea, a hydrostatic gauge for measuring fluids under pressure, a reciprocating fluid-meter, a n alarm barometer, a pyr ome t er , a rotary fluid-meter, a new sea lead, model of a gas engine, &c. But of all his inventions, that which has attracted most attention, and which (if successful) will work a revolution in motive power hardly second to that of steam itself, is the calorie engine. This invention was first brought before the public in 1833, at London, where he made an engine of five horse power, and exhibited it in operation to several scientific gentlemen. It was timidly but gene rally approv ed by intelligent men; but Brunel (the engineer of the Thames Tunnel, a most extraor dinary and much ridiculed undertaking), and Pro fessor Faraday (the eminent chemist), decided against the feasibility of the machine, and by means of the powerful indirect influence of that decision the Eng lish Government —which had at first seemed inclined to give the matter their attention—let it drop, and it was soon forgotten by the public. Latterly Mr. E. has revived the caloric engine in this country, and built two or three which have been in successful ope ration for nearly a year. Two are at work in the foundry of Messrs. Hogg and Delamater, foot of Thirteenth -street, N.R., one of five and the other sixty horsepower; th e l a tt er h as four cylinders. Two, of seventy-two inches in diameter, stand side by side. Over each of these is placed one much smaller. Withi n th ese are pistons, exactly fitting their res p ec ti ve cylinders, and so connected that those within the lower and upper cylinders move together. Under the bottom of each of the lower cylinders a fire is applied. No other furnaces are employed. Neither boilers nor water are used. The lower is called the working cylinder ; the upper the supply cylinder. As the piston in the supply cylinder moves down, valves placed in its top open, and it becomes filled with cold air. As the piston rises within it these valves close, and the air within, unable to escape as it came, passes through another set of valves into a re ceiver, from whence it has to pass into the working cylinder to force up the working piston within it. As it leaves the receiver to perform this duty it passes through what is called the regenerator, which we shall soon explain, w here it becomes heated to about four hundred and fifty degrees, and upon entering the working cylinder itis farther heated by the fire under neath. We have said the working cylinder is much larger in diameter than the supply cylinder. Let us, for the sake of illustration merely, suppose it to contain double the area. The cold air which entered the upper cylinder will, therefore, but half fill the lower one. In the course of its passage to the latter, how ever, we have said that it passes through a regenator, and let us suppose that, as it enters the working cy linder, it has become heated to about four hundred and eighty degrees. At this temperature, atmo spheric air expands to double it s v o l ume . he same atmospheric air, therefore, which was contained within the supply cylinder, is now capable of filling one of twice its size. With this enlarged capacity it enters the working cylinder. We will further suppose the area of the piston within this cylinder to contain a thousand square inches, and the area of the piston in the supply cylinder above to contain but five hun dred. The air presses upon this with a mean force, we will suppose of about eleven pounds to each square inch ; or in other words, with a weight of 5,500 pounds. Upon the surface of the lower piston the heated air is, however, pressing upward with a like force upon each of its one thousand square inches, or in other words; with a force of 11,000 pounds. Here, then, is a force which, after over coming the weight above, leaves a surplus of 5,500 pounds, if we make no allowance for friction. This surplus furnishes the working power of the engine. It will be readily seen that, after one stroke of its pistons is made, it will continue to work with this force, so long as sufficient heat is supplied to expand the air in the working cylinder to the extent stated ; for so long as the area of the lower piston is greater than that of the upper, and a like pressure is upon every square inch of each, so long will the greater piston push forward the smaller, as a two-pound weight upon o ne en d o f a balance will be quite sure to bear down one pound placed upon the other. We need hardly say, that after the air in the working cylinder has forced up the piston within it, a valve opens, and as it passes out, the pistons, by force of gravity, descend, and cold air again rushes into, and tills the supply cylinder, as we have before described. In this manner the two cylinders are alternately sup plied and discharged, causing the pistons in each to play up and down, substantially as they do in the steam-engine. We have endeavoured to explain the construction of the caloric engine. Its most striking feature consists in what is called by its inventor the regenerator. The power of the steam engine depends upon the heat employed to produce steam within its boilers, but that heat, amounting to about 1,200 deg., is entirely lost by condensation the mordent it has once exerted its force upon the piston. If, instead of being so lost, all the heat used in creating the steam employed could, at the moment of condensation, be reconveyed to the furnace, there again to aid in pro ducing steam in the boilers, but a very little fuel would be necessary ; none, in fact, except just enough to supply the heat lost by ra diation. Now, the regenerator is composed of wire net, somewhat like that used in the manufac ture of sieves, placed side by side, until the series attain a thickness say of twelve inches. Through the almost innumerable cells formed by the intersec tion of these wires the air must pass on its way to the working cylinder. In passing through these it is so minutely subdivided that the particles composing it are brought into close contact with the metal which forms the wires. Now let us suppose, what actually takes place, that the side of the regenerator nearest the working cylinder is heated to a high temperature. Through this heated substance the air must pass before entering the cylinder, and in effecting this passage it takes up, as is demonstrated by the ther mometer, about 450 degrees of the 480 degrees of heat required, as we before stated, to double its volume. The additional 30 degrees are commu nicated by the fire beneath the cylinder. The air has thus become expanded ; it forces the piston upward ; it has done its work—valves open—and the imprisoned air, heated to 480 deg., passes from the cylinder, and again enters the regenerator, through which it must pass before leaving the machine. NVe have said that the side of this instrument nearest the working cylinder is hot, and it should be here stated that the other side is kept cool, by the action upon it of the air entering in the opposite direction at each up-strokeof the pistons. Consequently, as the air from the working cylinder passes out, the wires ab sorb its heat so effectually, that when it leaves the regenerator, it has been robbed of it all, except about 80 deg. In other words, as the air passes into the working cylinder, it gradually receives from the re generator about 450 deg. of heat ; and as it passes out, this is returned to the wires, and is thus used over and over, the only purpose of the fires beneath the cylinders being to supply the 30 deg. of heat we have mentioned, and that which is lost by radiation and expansion. The regenerator contained in the 60-horse engine we have examined, measures 26 inches in height and width internally. E ac h di sc o f w i re co mposing it contains 676 superfici a l i nc h es , an d the net has ten meshes to the inch. E ac h super fi c i a l inch, there f ore,n contains 100 mesh es , w hi c h, mu ltiplied by 676, gives g lvee 67,600 m es h es i n eac h di sc, an d ag 200 d em ployed, it f o ll ows t h at t h e re generat i o s r es there are i as contans 13,520,000 meshes, and consequently? Bs - , many small spaces between the discs as tnere are meshes, we find that the air within is distributed in about 27,000,000 minute cells. Hence volume of air, it is evident that nearly every particle of the whole i n Passing through the rege nera t o r, is brought int o very closecontact with a su rface of metal, which heats and cools alternately. The extent of this sur estimated, almost surpasses be fit', when accurately fromYTef aTTACK UPON BRITISH SHIPPING IN THE twelve ;Taganrogfiredquantity guns of round and grape shot into her, which carrr away roe h they rope, and cut the gaff topsail into ribbons the boat to the old Castle of Europe, with • im running down the car rent which pass given him at Constantinople, and two dollars and P e ed they fired at her, would not allow the crew to land, DEATHS org (the Turks) demanded; but as the boat ap proached not brill even refused to take the pass. The captain the vessel to an anchor, in consequence of a s tror?g d c l ut a r a - a , the o windlass Two .and WELL -KNOWN being broken at th e t ime. C • gives publicity to Nis, in order aptain Reed g event the like that some notice may be taken, to Pr occurring a • 71, again.' ATE M On Saturday at the Five Bells , en inquest was held by Mr. W. Carter, Lewes a dist' a vetn, Bermondsey, on the body earedfli he had been nguished sculler on the river. It ap p that . . put aboard a boat to get into one of the ships in the river, at Gore's roads, and in the evening his lifeless body Blessrs. Dudden's was discovered lying on the shore on causeway, at Bermondsey. Theconsidered he had c cidentally fallen into jurya verdict to that effect was returned. A. the water, at l a ce before Mr. Car ter, at the Heroo ~.eCoa n t ed r li o n o t rVe t r o n , P ' waterloo -read, on the bo dy of Thomas 1 Cookson, one of the great rowers of former ys , who was found dead under singular c ircumstances. Of late he has become aralysed and was, out of kindness, put with his wife, to take • o f s ome premises in the West minster -road, sp 'left him for a short On Wed ne sday w ife y his time, an d stupor; she tried to on her return found him in a arouse him, and sen t f or a surgeo n, who pronounced him de ad.—Verdi c t —Accidental deat h. SHOCKING DEATH BY FIREARMS. --A most shock ing occurrence has just happened at the village of Longford, near Gloucester. It appears that a labouring man, named James Baylis, living at the Workhous e farm, Longford, 'who had lately b een em lo •employed at harvest w ork, for which de scription of labour the 3 re has lately been a great demand, was going on Friday mornin to stack some beans. It is sup posed th a t he had seen some partridges on the previous d a y, for he h a d taken down his fun b e f o re going to work, an d had l oa d ed it for the purpose of taking it with him. Having, however, the fear of the law before his eyes, he resolved to put the gun, loaded as it was, i n to his jacket pocket. H e th erefore took the stock from the barrel, and, having loaded the barrel, and put the cap upon the nipple, he was in the act of depositing the barrel irt his poc k e t, muzzle foremost, when it is supposed that the nipple, with the percussion cap upon it, struck with violence against a rafter in the ceiling of the room and exploded. Tho charge of shot passed coin. pletely through his body an d heart, and, with an exclama tion to hi s wire, he fell down a corpse in the room. His wife, who was in bed at the time, rushed down stairs, and was just in time to see her husband fall lifeless upon the floor. An inquest has since been held on the body, before Mr. Lovegrove, coroner for Gloucestershire, and a verdict of " Accidental death" was returned. Sir James Carnegie, Bart., of Sonthesk, and the Hon. Lady Catherine and family, arrived at Kinnaird Castle on Tuesday last, from GlendYe, where the worthy knight has been enjoyi ng the sport of the moors. A large and select party is expected soon to share in the partridge and deer hunting, for Whi c h th e e s tate of liinuaird 43 so celebrated. lief. The wire contained in each disc i 5.1,140 feet . ACCIDENTS IN lifigS. ), :, fief. and tha contained in the regenerator is conse• NEwcesamE-up oN . d -: '.'" the p r tz l e . 1 Ylti E :F ,• .es quently 228,000 feet, or 41i miles in length, Ihe super- a meeting of consider a ble ' . -- - t. ' field! measurement, of wh.cti is equaltothaentiresurtace ' not only t0.1€3 iatercst an simportileg i t , the c o untry of Northumberland of four ste;vn-b6ilers, each forty feet loop, and four : Do' bars, but to feet in di2meter ; and yet the regenerator, presenting ; does, the security t w Al a i s ca h l e s l do Society t t y h 1 e r o v f a t i t o h n e o n f a t human iona I this great amount, of heating surface, is only aLout ' very extensive d e , two feet cube, less than 1.1920 of the bulk of these nthttha;ristdreteouo:ii.ltry at Large, affecting, as four boilers. levol‘ed in this wonderful process, of the transfer ing was the public of inauguration of an association as and retransfer of heat, is a discovery which justly Fuming to itself the title of •' The North of England ranks as one of the most remarkable ever made in Institute of Mining Engineers," and which proposes physical science. Its author, Csrnain Ericsson, long to devote itself to the prevention of • science . since ascertained, the• The, Literaryob object andof the i P nl'di h eu m il s o i e tn s r e o y t -.. accident in mines, and upon ibis is band the sublimest nod the advancement of mining feature of his caloric engine, that aanospheric air The meeting was chi fly composed of coalowners and and other permanent gases, in passing through a dis- mining engineers, the latter preponderating. Lance of only six inches, in the fiftieth part of a ses Mr. N. Wood, the chairman, an extensive cond of time, are capable of acquiring, or parting engineer and proprietor in Northumberland, pro witb, upwards of four hundred degrees of heat. He ceeded to address the meeting. He begged to COD., has been first to discove r this marvellous property gratulate the members of the society on the progress of caloric, without which atmospheric air could they had made towards its establishm en t— namely, e not be effectively empl o y e d as a mot i ve t h e assoc i a ti on o f upwar d s o f seventy members, th power. The reason is obvi ous . U nt il ex - appo i n t men t o f officers, and the subscription f panded by heat, it can exert no f orce upon t h e I amoun t o f f un d s su ffi c i en t f or a commencement. The piston. If much time were required to effect this, the I object of the institution was twofold—first, by a movement of the pis'.on would ne cessar il y b e so slow union or concentrat i on o f pro f essional experience to as to render the machine inefficient. Cap ta i n E r i csson endeavour, if poss ibl e , t o devise • measures which has demonstrated, however, that heat may be corn- might avert or alleviate those dreadful calamities municated to, and expansion effected in, atmospheric which had too often produced such destruction to life air, with al mo st electric speed ; and that it is, and property, and which left such misery and distress theref ore , em i nen tly adapted to give the greatest among the mining population of the district ; and, desirable rapidity of motion to all kinds of machinery. secondly, to establish a literary institution more par `Thes ship i s now a pp ro aching completion, and i s th e t i tu l arly applicable to the theory, art, and practice of finest specimen of naval architecture (especially in mining than the institutions in the locality or within point of strength) ever created in this country. The the reach of the profession there. The claims of such of engines,b being placed in the centre of the vessel, admit an institution to the support of the coal owners of the _athe.tter form of midship section than in steam-ships. north were all powerful. Who were so interested as Of a is the builders have availed themselves by giving they in the prevention of accidents in mines ? As, suchrise to the floor that strength and easy lines for too, one of • • objects its prominent was to endeavour to Passing through the appropriatelycombined. The lines of the b ship at the entrance are singularly stracting the coal, the proprietor as well as the fine ; a n d yet, very judicious application of the worker of a mine, was no less concerned in its "waive line," yasait is technically called, the bow prosperity. Acting as a body, every plan brought possesses all the fulness good before them would requisite for a sea- boat. The run is alike biped with stability and requisite for easy lines, corn- investigation,. and if they found any subject strength of floor, which is requisite bearing. The practicalrequired ldillustration or experiment, he felt stem to stern, surpasses builtanything assuredtheyfor we have seen in in placing their pi s at their disposal for such a pur ships in the world. In order t produeing the best pose. (Hear, hear.) Adverting to the second part of give additional the object of the institute, that which was more purely strength to the ample timbers, to n e banded by a double series of dia 0 entire frame is of a scientific, practical, and professional character, bars of iron, let into the timbers agt zinet braces of flat and which might generally be summed up in the three feet, each series being riveted n ervals of about theory and practice of the winning and working of to points of intersection. In addition to at all the collieries, the chairman proceeded to point out in central keelsons, there are six engine _the ordinary much detail the importance of collectin g in the keelsons b 1 0 ted archives of their institute detailed pans tha differ on the top of the floor timbers, forthreesfourth's length of the ship. On these keelsons the bed of l the ent instruments used here and on the . Continent in the of the engines are secured by bolts passing ') ates boring of coalmines and Artesian wells, the various the floor timbers. These bed-plates extend over throughthe lugs modes of sinking pits, records of the various sink entire area occupied by the engines, and present aeon- differentirigs for coal in the district, and descriptions of the tinuation of iron flooring, not witnessed in any steam- water engines and apparatus employed for raising ship. The security thus attained is further enhanced by n rh out of the mines and working them generally. dispensing entirely with the numerous holes through braenychniust not, he added, neglect a most important the bottom of the vessel, which in steamers are notes- the cultivation advancement of the science of mining, or sary, and have often brought that class of vessels to particularly io n of those branches of science which more a sinking condition. The engines being arranged in mineralogy appertained ohe to their profe,sion. Geology, pneu the centre of the vessel, the decks are not cut off as matice, and meclilaains.try, mechanical philosophy, in steamers; and as the whole of the machinery is occupy the attentionleBfwere all subjects which would all the i n di v id ua l mem b ers o f confined within a vertical trunk 76 feet long and 18 the institut e . li e had feet wide, ample space is left on each side of the ship outline of the c onst itutionowee endeavoured to give an for state rooms along its entire length, with unbroken and the duties which would be imposed society, its objects, passages, fore and aft, on either side. The freight need scarcely add bow important tth upon it. He deck also presents an unbroken area fore and aft, di- to the members of the soc i ety but to were, not only minished only in width in the central part of the comprised within the sc o p e o f its labou t e the interestss. He con vessel. The coal being carried in the bottom, at each chided by invoking the supp or t o f noblemen side of th e eng i nes , t h e f ore an d a ft h o ld are c l ea r for tlemen, and of all pers ons interested, from feelings and l gen freight. Th e cen t ra l arrangement o f t h e eng i nes i n - hum pity, sin nity, in the prevention of eccident • ee - ings of mines, on volves, of necesstiy, a central crank, and thus the behalf of the society.—(Appla use.) spar deck presents an uninterrupted area on both No resolutions were proposed or passed ; but a n sides, the or di nary o bj ect i ona b le crank h atc h es b er o f co lli ery owners an d viewers resident ' Urn"' In the being dispensed with. The slow combustion district were enrolled es members. peculiar to the caloric engine renders the huge smoke On the motion of Mr. WALKER, seconded by Mr tunnel unnecessary. A short ripe to carry off the lIINDRAUGH, a vote of thanks was accorded to the gases produced by the combustion in the furnaces chairman by acclamation, and the proceedings ter takes its place in the caloric ship. The absence of urinated. steam in every form is sufficiently important in pro ducing a more pleasant atmosphere than in steamers, but far more remarkable is the fact that the quantity of air which will be drawn out of the ship by the action of the supply cylinders of the engines, will exceed sixty tons in weight every hour. Captain Ericsson in, calling our attention to this fact, furnished us with a few figures that we feel certain our readers will need, as much as we did, to comprehend how so vast a ven tilation is effected. Each supply piston presents an area of 102 superficial feet, with a stroke of six feet. 612 cubic feet of atmospheric air will, therefore, be drawn into the engine at each stroke; and when the engine makes fourteen strokes per minute, 8,568 cubic feet. But as there are four supply cylinders, they will in this space of time draw in 34,272 cubic feet ; and in sixty minutes there will be thus circulated 2,056,320 cubic feet. The weight of atmospheric air is nearly 13i cubic feet to the pound, and thus it will be seon that 68 tons of air are drawn from the interior of the ship, through the engines, and passed off into the atmosphere, every hour. The effect of such an extraordinary system of ventilation, in puri fying the atmosphere of the ship, is self. evident. The simple construction of the caloric engine, and the small quantity of coal to be handled, will reduce the number of engineers and firemen, in the aggre gate, to less than one-fourth the complement required for steamers. This great reduction in the number of men, whose duties are incompatible with strict clean liness, will still further promote a purer state of atmo sphere in caloric ships than in steamers. Again, as no smoke whatever is produced when anthracite coal is em ployed, the masts and rigging of the caloric ship will be as clean as in sailing vessels. IVe examined the com bustion of the 60-horse caloric engine most critically. No smoke could be detected from it, and we arrived at the conclusion that with such a slow combustion and easy firi ng smo k e cann ot possibly emanat e f r om the anthracite consumed in the furnaces. Europe has scarcely any of this fuel, and in a national point of view, therefore, the introduction of the caloric engine is important. The following are some of the dimensions and s t a ti s ti c s of the ship :—Length, 250 feet ; beam, 40; hold, 27; tonnage, 2,000 to 2,200 ; diameter of wheels, 32 feet; face of wheel, 11? 2 - feet ; power of engines, 600 horse; consumption of . coal per of men in engine day (24 hours), 8 tons ; number 00 . s department, 10 ; number of sailing crew, with room for en- pas senger accommodation for 200, largement to double the capacity; room for 1,500 , tons freight ; cost, in the ne i g hb ou rhood of 300 000 dollars. , The builders expect to have the ship afloat by the middle of September. The scientific and commercial world will watch with deep anxiety the result of this grand experiment with the caloric engine. Should it tail, a contingency, by the wiry, which its friends deem most improbable, the world will lose nothing, and the experimenters comparatively little, since the strong and beautiful ship may be put to other uses in ordinary steam navigation. Should it succeed, the days of steam are numbered, and explosions and burnings will be no more ; the important reduction in the cost of power will introduce the new engine everywhere, and we shall soon record the arrival o f the United States Mail Air-ship from Liverpool, the fine air-boat from Albany, &c., as familiarly as we now note our steam-ships and steam -boats. ACCIDENT ON TEM SIIREWSBURY AND CHESTER RAILWAY. Yesterday (Monday) an inquest was held at the Woodward public-house, Coton-hill, Shrewsbury, before Mr. George Gordon, deputy-coroner, on view of the body of an aged woman, named Mary Lewis, of Baschurch, who had been killed by an excursion train passing over her on Saturday night last. The remains of the poor creature presented a sad spec tacle ; the head was completely severed, and the other parts of the body were most dreadfully muti lated. Joseph Woodvine, a labourer on the line at Baschurch, stated that he saw deceased walking down the line, towards Perry-bridge, between seven and eight o'clock on Saturday night. He went up to her and told her she was on trespass, to which she re plied, " I know all about it." He then asked her her name, and where she was going ; but 1 she refused to tell him, and, on his saying that he would follow her to see where she was going, she re ' torted, "If you follow me, I will knock your brains sheep, ep hsith fancied out!" Witness then went home. H e f ur th er s t a t e d that poor people were in the habit o f go i ng on th e line to pick up coke. Henry Whittaker s a id b e was the driver of an excursion train which left Ch es t er f or Shrewsbury at 7 25 P.M., arriving at th e l a tt er pl ace et 9 o'clock. The night was very dark a n d th e ra i n c ame down in torrents. On examini ng th e eng i ne at the Shrewsbury terminus he found th e s h aw l pro duced on the buffer plank. He exami ne d th e w h ee l s, but did not see the least sympt oms o f bl oo d. An other train left Chester for Shre ws b ury a t S o ' c l oc k on the same evening. The shawl was h ere id ent ifi ed by Woodvine as the one wor n by th e woman whom he had seen walking on the li ne . Ab ra h am Carlin, engine-driver, l e tt Ch es t er f or Shrews bury with a goods' train ear l y on T ues d ay morning, and when within 150 yard s o f t h e P erry- b r i dge be first saw the body of d ecease d. Th e b ody being on he w aswreawhes did ;i running, bdsubaruwnytnot a t informationtc thinking cap pn h o ,pke and c tnnh o ad e u i l ott d nr wasaw n t i h o na t es. the of h veryo-r akiroltsg o w , on whi ch distinctly heortrain however, a e sr i at w hat Te see i h t either e s r , a de arrival given to Mr. Jeffreys, superintendent of the locomo teinveindeeptaorttedheenst,owt h.orree they hadturned with thth them seen the body.eona special To their horror they fou n d the mangled remains oithe g p where unfortunate woman, th e h ead being about th ree yard s distant from the body. The body to wa3 d recogn d ised_by e jury returned a verdict of " Edward Lewis, brother-in-law severely reprimanded for not Woodvine was recalled by deputy-corone r, Ac c identally killed."an, the forcibly eputy- coroner, e j e e c c ti e n a g se dea T se e d from off the line. A SHIP .IIPEAL. BUILDER ON NAVIGATION -LAW E The new iron screw-steamer Eagle, in connexion with the paddle steamerobSee Nymph d for Mr. Dar tween Liverpool and Newry, was launssrs. Thomas gun, of Dublin, from the yard of Mesuceessful launch, Ver non and Sons, on Tuesday. , id Vernon, sen., After a r. intended _ yro to ph T e r! a select party sat down to h in s' s t h e seventeenth iron stated that the Eagle was abcti briefly adverted to the 'vessel they had built; and, ha ving ae fears which the repeal of had only tended to draw out in spired, but which repeal n n avigation-laws had fl &barmen, and to their benefit the latent energy of —0 then glanced at the revolution rather than injury. purposes of ship-building. W . e • to the being adaptation of iron hi Vernon) iron screw - steamers Good which was being e ffected in the shipping world by the find (continuedthe American. and in other im portant in. the Australian trade, . in . trade, in the Cape of and I have no hesitationthat saying trades; foreign trade is carried on by a ere long wherever. see tal and British enterprise, there must iron British -- I se be employed, Hope trade,in r. as it will, ere long, sc rew - steam ers be disc o vered that no other descriptio n o f sh i ps are ~ e mein eq ual to them in point o f regu larity, sa f e t y , ffi ' y, and economy. No w , if th i s thy really be the case, what have we to f ear f rom the e epea- ° f the navigation-laws, or even f rom free trau. a e ? The navigation-laws, as th e y now stand, will be neutralised, and not affect us at all, inasmuch as foreign vessels will have no chance in coping with British screw-steamers ; and no foreigners can build iron ships so cheaply and so perfe c tl y As we can. It is true foreigners may ultimately get in the Way of making steam-engines and iron ships. But merely to learn how to build well as i an iron shi other r tr is not enough ; f or there is in that, as nades, a continuous progression towards perfection ; and we, as a nation, have got the start, and are, in fact, a long way ahead ; and our dis tinguishing capabilities and our national and local ad vantages will always facilitate our onward course, and give us the pre-eminence in this trade over all the nations of the earth ; so that foreigners who, a short time sr, we were afraid would bring their ships and perform a considerable part of the trade of this country, now have to abandon that idea, and to come to us for iron screw steamers to perf orm their own local trade. And thus, , what was once thought to be a great national onla.mll will, I have no doubt, turn out to na tional advantage. (The expression of these by those ments was received with loud cheers b e a . great seni. proposed the present.) In conclusion, Mr. iss.alth of JUr. G rantham, the naval had been con and under whose superintendence she course of some re strected. Mr. Grantham, Y a e re r architect t n e c i of the Eagle, in thoset by Mr. Vernon, said, tnatke, to the same effect as Some these were ordered, and and other trades. , So , m d i n quarters the most unlikly, iron vessels were about to of ebuilt for the East India others were contempr o a d &e now, instead of crossing the a short time ago. shipsAtbere, or going to Whitehaven to AtlaLtic to get - l Iron sailing have them built, they were c om ing to Liverpool and its neighbourhood to get large and substantial ships built. T h e y knew the great super i ority of the ve t r ei t y, his country, especially in b u ildi ng l arge a gentleman, to wh om h e h a d b e en sAhmipesr.icatinustola came from America to this country to introduced, building of iron ships; and, on the close of his labours, the e he asked him the results, and he said it impossible . get over ble for him to the difficulty of The w it a q s u ir e r into purchasing iron ships in this country. by means had had the superiority, but, After A ra of iron cga sh nas i n p d s, England would have it back again. he othuhileedr:itn. toasts had been given and responded to, t com pany separated. BARNET CATTLE FAlR.—This importantaecmatatnled fair, the most extensive in England, comm enced on Satur day. The attendance was above the average. The for every description of store beasts was remarkably brisk, Highland Scots selling freely at 71 to 101. per head ; Gallo wayr as he a ha d ni s beasts 101. to 121. ditto ; short-horns, Dev ons , an d Herefords were selected and s o ld in rapgylh 'd . s uccession at 111. in nrLe 141. proportion prices cteipsoenr ran others; beasts were tescarc e;a l s 3 t / s . l e V rs el ; sh be an st d wr l e ri ls a h h b o so oLi l f d tnha ase:lis' offered, bullocks:making 9/. Irish, 71 also made pro ; portionately high . young also second. class animals beasts was carried on with graanimation e t gores. The trade in store , without a check , throughout the day, th e last s el ling making the most money. The breeders and salesmen describe this the best fair thaJf. as have had for the last ' - six years. Thegreat abundance o f aftermath, 'and the promising appearance of the turnilh materially assist in kee in both r i tes and demand. Milch and in -calf P g up pri best Yorkshire COWS sold readily ; the ,_,„ nr , beast ,' with calf by side making 171. to 211. each. ou""t" -- selling 141. to ... h horse 16/. each. In -calf heifers in good dernal4, l, e easily at 10/. to 151. each, according to cl uali v'g or driving trade was good, many young horses for n irere sold at being very attractive animals, most of wh ich c e; of those high prices. Cart horses and colts w. msaeere6o/. to 701. each ; offered, best horses , five years old, — sold exceedingly cart colts, 301. to 40/. Welsh: Ponies . unaeri duty. fetching 61. well, many hundreds of them to 81. each. a A NOBLEMAN.—On SR FRAUD BY PERSONATT cab a Fresh-wharf, London turday evening a man hirgvdet to proceed to Mr. Tuckfield's, bridge, and desired the cl e_roa t d Lambeth, when the man en watchmaker, o and dg g - in selected a gold watch, worth 24/., tered the shop, h a a l v id key, told Mr. Tuckfield that he was a gold Albert chain! d it he would allow his shopman to accom pany Howard, audit in the cab to Lord Arundel's, No. 11, Carlten- pany him h e would give him the money for the articles. house-terra, a was readily acceded to, and the vehicle was This proposal° d iven to Lord Arundel's. The man then got accordingly r hand having entered his Lordship's man s i on , out a the ca.,, d ran the caban dto the k ed o pen e l and wait doo until to he ld came out to to himrive. The man bac was e ntranc h show n up to his Lordship, when he delivered what h as s i nce been ascertained to be a fictitious message. He afterward s d e camped with his booty, leaving the cabman and s h opman to stare at each other, and wonder at what kept his Lordship so long. The parties upon inquiry, after a lapse of some time, found out the trick that had been practised. A TALE or Tulsa MISERY.—On Saturday Mr. G. S. Brent held an inquest in the Marylebone workhouse, upon Edward Fitzgerald, the infant child of Irish parents. Honors Fitzgerald, the mother, who was affected to tears, stated that her h us b an d, w ho was in the Irish cons tabulary, , quartered in Limerick, had to leave his native l and for A rica, in conseq uence o f an active part he to o k in l - 1"- quelling a faction fight. Her friends enabled her to leave home for England, where she expected to earn as much as would enable her to follow her husband. During the whole journey her infant was very ill, and upon reaching London she wan dered about the streets without shelter, until a woman gave her ono, where the child died from exhaustion. Verdict-- " Natural Death." TELEGRAPH BETWEEN CORK AND BELFAST.—The telegraph about to . be constructed b etween Cork and Belfast m is to be completed two months. 1852. ? e 4V nI -, .~~ „~ he ,on