The Sun. — London, England, 1866-05-11 00:00:00

OUSES.--Nlessrs. TOPLIS and ROBERTS have numerous furnished and unfurnished TOWN, 'uourban, aad Country RESIDEINOES to LLT or BEL' per iculari upon, application forwarded for two stamps. lacing the vpon stiting requirements and rent Al. Offices, 2, street, Reg ent' Regent-%treet, and 6outh Kensington, Museum. OUTS KENSIN GTON, HYDE-PARK, Queen's, and Rutland Gates, Queen's -gate and Peters ham Terrces, Queen'a-gate, Cornwall, Princes and Beaufort Sardens, Elvaston- place, Cromwell-road, Onslow and Thurloe Squares, Bolt ns, &L Messrs TOPLIS and ROBERTS have EN -1 OEirCES to SELL and LET in these and surrounding localities. Offices, 2, Conduit-street, Regent-street, and South K e nsington, facing the Museum. In the Matter of the Companies Act, 1862, and of OYER END, GURNEY, and COMPANY (Limited). NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That a 11 PETITION for the WISDIN ;-UP of the above tamed Company by the Court of Chancery, was on the 11th day of May, 1866, presented to the Master of ththee BAls, by Henry Edmund Gurney, of Lombard -street, in City of London, Esq. and others, Directorsof the said Coome pany, and that the said Petition is directed t_ Rolls, heard before his lordship, the Master of th re e c n or, ll o , r on Tuesday, the 28th day of May,1.866, and any c tit desirous too ppose the contributory of the said Co m p anY, making of an order for th e of the sa id C m _ w inding h up i ild appear at t he time of pany, under the above Act,__ hearing by himsel f or hishCeousnsel for that purpose, and a furnished to any creditor or copy of the petition. wlll contributory of the said Company requiring the same, by the undersigned, on payment of the regulated charge for the same. YOUNG, JONES, ROBERTS, and HALE, 2, St. Mildred's-court, Poultry, London, Solicitors for the Petitioners. ------- CRYSTAL PALACE.—MUSICAL Atm A NGWNTS at the GREAT FLOWELt 811.0 W TO-MOKROW : Palace open at Flower chow .V.O till 6. 0 Orchestral Band .... C o ldstream Band .. Combined Bands on Great Orchestra with Solos I 4.0 by Xr. Levy, Mr. Phasey, itc. ....... ...... 5.!0 ...... Great Organ .............................. Admission, Half-a-Guinea ; Gruine, Se.i.son Tickets free. The seats on the Grea t Orchestra, affo vierditors. ng secomm in front of the odation for upwards of 4 , 00., will be open to The Band of the First Life GllartlS will play Lawn of Roukhills. r ove at all not Avo ura b le the NOTE.—Should the we ather p latter Military Band will be stationed in the Tropical De partinPnt, thus forming a promenade, under cover, the whole length o f the ralace. CRYSTAL PALACE. FLOWER SHOW ve x p;TS at SEVEN SHILL I N,,S a, d SIXPELNCE at. the Exeter Hall Office up to SEVEN o'clock THIS EVENIN Admission To-morrow, tlf-a-Guinca. TH.EATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.- Sole Lessee and Manzger, Mr. Buckstone. THIS EVNING ROMANTIC A TTACHENT M r . Comp Mr. W. Farren Miss Ada Cavendis H h. After which. T LIE FAVOURITE Ole Foil r UNE : Messrs. Sox horn, Buckatone, Chippendale, Rogers, &c. Mesdames Chippendale, Saville, Moore, Fitzwilliam, Hill, Lindley, &c. Concluding with A DAU•iUTER TO MARRY: Mr. W. Farren and Miss Helen coward. Commence at Seven. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. — Under the sole Management Mr. FeChter THIS EVENING, A DAY A I,TEEZ. 111 E WEDDING. Messrs. Horsman, Fitzpatrick, Clifford ; Mrs. Horsman, &e. To conclude with Shakspere's Tragedy' of II AMLE t'. Mr. Fechter ; Messrs . Emery, Addison , Vezin. Jor dan, ritzpatric,, Horsman, Moreland. Westland, Gwynette, Morton, Clifford ; Mesdames Elsworthy, llenrade, and c. Leclercq. Box Office open daily from El e ven till Five. NEW THEATRE -ROYAL ADELPHI Solo Proprietor and Manager, 3lr. B. Webster. THIS EVENINAt 7 recise (h time), a new Drame- Comedy, in Four Act, e p ntitled ly T st tiE FAs FAMILE. Messrs J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, it Phillips. Ashley ' Eburne ; Mrs. Al red M ellon (Miss Wool g ar), Miss H. Simms, Mi s s Furtado, Miss Smith ( her 6th a pp earance), Miss Sea man, Miss Godsall, and Mrs. H. Lewis. To conclude with CRYING JENNY AN D LAUGHING JOIIN'N Y. Messrs. J. L. Toole, W. H. Eburne ; Mrs. A. Mellon and Miss Furtado. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE Sole Lessee and Llanazer, .tr. Geo. Vining , - T HIS EVENING, A LUCKY HIT. Messrs. J. G. Shore, H Mellon. and 311.8 K. Rodgers. After whi.h, at a quarter to Eight, THE STREETS OF LO•N DON. Messrs. Vining. T. Mead, V. Murray, ',bore, Villers; Mrs. 11. MArson, Mis.i E. Barnett, and Miss K. Rodgers. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. sole Lessee and Manag,eriss, Sirs. ...wanborough. THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, PER f , E TION. After which will be produced a grand Eas:er Burlesque, PARIS ; or, Vive Lempiere Mes•rs. Stoyle, I borne, Jame, , : 111esclames A. Swanborough, Raynham, Simpson, Johnstone, Ranoe, and Holt To conclude with DEAF AS A POST : Mr. Belford. SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE.- Under the Management of Mr. W. 11. C. Nation. Mr. W. 11. C. Nation has much pleasure in announC:in that, in consequence ot the Decided t.ucc, es attending the production ot DOT, it will be repeated Every Evening until Maher notice. THIS EVENING, 18th night of Mr. Dion Bouciedult's beautiful I rkima. of DOT. Messrs. T. Swinbourne and Bel more ; Miss Ada Dya•. New scenery, dresses, and appoint ments Concluding with 35th night of .T. C. Burnand's evergreen Burl sque of IXIO.N. .vlis,es L. Wii'more, F.inny Gwynne, flu ispel h, A. Harlani, and Hetty Tracey ; Messrs. Belmore, and F. Barsby. Commence at Seven. Acting Manager, Mr. NYE CHART. IP" "SUN" NEWSPAPER.- G. E. GLENIE, Sporting Library. 4, Connaught terrace, Edzware-road, is specially appointed A.GtA t' to deliver the LATE EDITION of "THE SUN" at the earliest possible moment after leaving the press. He is able to deliver copies in Town, the Suburbs, and in many parts of the Country at a comparatively early hour the same tvening, say 4U miles by 9 o'clock. THE "SUN" NEWSPAPER.- G. R. GLENIE delivers VA, LATE EDITION at Chelsea, 7.40 ; Kilbu. n, 8 ; Starch-green, 8 ; Woolwich, 7.30 ; Uxbridge, 9.20 ; Walford, 8.45. W. • lIE LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN" supplied, as soon as published every Evening, by . ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish-street, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published, containing all the LA TEST NEWS and S2OI{.TING I.NTELLIGENCE, by W. 11:kitli.IS, Neaspaper Agent, 4, Blacklriars-roaa, London, S. THE LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN." J. HOLMES begs to inform his friends, and the pubic generally, that he supplies the LATEST EUITI , PN of " 11111 SUN" as soon as published --No. 18, Hampstead road. N. W. QPORTING.—JOHN ROBERTS supplies the 1,77 LA rr ST EOI I'ION of "rH SUN" as soon as pub lish( d.-4, Bitth-street, City-road, E.C. THE NEW DERBY RACE GLASS, price 503., with sling' case complete. Will show distinctly the entire race from "the start" to the coming . in." • uarantced the cheapest and best glass (a new model) ever offered to the public Sent carriage iree to any par of the kingdom. Post office orders payable to W LLIA3I CALLAGHAN, Opt'c'au, 23A, New Bond-street, W. (corner of Londuit-street). Sole Agent for the celebrat.d Opei a, Race, and Field Glas. es made by Volgtlander, Vienna. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.-11orning, 9h. 50 m. —Afternoon, 10h. 30m. T3-Moßitow.-31orning, 11h. 3 m , —Afternoon, 11h. 35m. gf r ig LONDO..V, FRIDAY, MAY 11, 1866. The Bill which the Attorney-General brought under the notice of the House of Commons last evening deals with a matter of considerable impor tance. It has long been generally admitted that ord. Bankruptcy administration required a thorough reorganisation and amendment. The cumbrous and costly m ac hi ne _ ry by which it has been m aintained has failed to work efficiently • and while sinec ures have abounded neither the • 7 interests of the debtor nor of the creditor have been properly cared for. The At torney-General's Bill certainly one step in the right direction, but is en ough ; it i s an it does not go far a partial one ; it Improvement, but only Profes ses duce judicial interfe rence to a , indeed, to re sweep away the officialassigne: minimum, and to and all their train, but it lean e ' s ni th e Registrarship mes sengers, ushers, u ntouched, and thus permits the continuan ce o f we ll-salaried sinecures. Mr. AI°FFA.T-r who the bill be referred to a select l ' e ° moved s t r ongly expressed his re g ret at the tender mannern ittee, which it dealt w ith the present official machinery, and its failure to carry out the whole of the recom mendations of the committee. They recommended an entire abolition of the whole system of bank ruptcy ; " and if," added Mr. Al • __oFFATT, "there were one thing more clear than another, it was that the existing system had excited the contempt and disgust of the mercantile community by the delay, uncertainty, and malversation which pervaded the proceedings in bankruptcy." The committee recommended the abolition of the existing system and the adoption 'of the Scotch system, with a single Court _ of, appeal, pre- sided over by a Chief Judge, assisted by one or two registrars. But the present measure goes very far beyond such rigid simplicity. It re tains a formidable array of officials, including the ushers, whose fees make their salaries amount to m maitOtOeeowr aie9uoOnfaavyoeuarra. hrirteoeveeivdee several beforethe tehoemcmois rs i e o a n s o e rnss, for r d c s i e t l e e ci ct committee, srielSglrt.hlle lo h r ii F i .a. t l - r o a a motion which Ahe afterwards withdrew on the re f e rring sec ond reading. t the same time, although several hon. members found some fault with parti cular clauses, and although, as we have said, it does not go far enough, it received on the whole a fair amount of support. It will, no doubt, be possible to improve it considerably in committee, and it will at all events abolish a great grievance' imprisonment for debt. On this point the Attorney-General spoke strongly, and he showed at some length the evil influence which the law of improvement had exercised on the bankruptcy laws in general. The committee recom mended its abolition, a recommendation which the Attorney-General heartly concurred in. He should have been glad, he said, to have found a general concurrence of opinion on this subject, but he found to his regret that a considerable portion of the mercantile community still cling to the last fragments of the old and barbarous law. The gain, however, to the creditor, if gain there is, is neutralised by the debtor's power to make himself bankrupt, and the evidence of Mr. Commissioner HOLYROYD before the Com mittee showed that the consequence of the retention of imprisonment for debt on final process had been to multiply petitions for adjudication in bankruptcy in cases where there were no assets. By the Government bill imprisonment for debt is to be abolished altogether ; at the same time it is provided that no debter shall be permitted voluntarily to make himself a bankrupt. Some gentlemen, Mr. MOFFATT among them, hold that there should be no discharge at all in bankruptcy ; but Sir R. PALMER, with great good sense and justice, showed such reasoning was unfair and impolitic. The whole of the Attorney-General's speech showed not only that he was fully conversant with his subject, but that he was prepared to deal with it in a tem perate and enlightened spirit, weighing the claims of debtor and creditor with true judicial impar tiality, and anxious to legislate in accordance with those principles of equity and sound commercial morality which are the mainsprings of an English trade. The Government Bill has, no doubt, its de fects and shortcomings, which may be considerably amended in its progress through committee, but it is at least a step forward, and will, we hope, inaugu rate an entire reformation of the system. The Constitutionnel has published an article on the Treaties of 1815, in which it contradicts the assertion of M. DE GIRARDIN, that " the speech at Auxerre will resound in Europe like a cannon shot." It is true, as here stated, that the EMPEROR'S opinion about the Treaties has long been well known ; that, notwithstanding this, any reference to them in a deprecatory manner by one in the position of Louis NAPOLEON was certain to cause anxiety and give rise to speculation. There is more reason in the next argument of the Constitutionnel, to the effect that the Auxerre speech did not point to the encourage ment of the BISMARCK policy. France could gain nothing by the triumph of the Berlin Government in securing to themselves the authority in Germany and the possession of the Elbe Duchies. Another reason, only it is unlikely that the EMPEROR should favour their interests, is that the Prussian policy has been most distasteful to France for some time past. The sympathies of the French were strongly enlisted on the side of Denmark, and no opportu nity was lost for expressing their opinion at the outrageous conduct of Prussia. The Vienna papers put forth a statement to the effect that negociations have been entered into between Austria and France, which will entirely change the present aspect of pub lic affairs, as the consequence will be that Austria will be relieved from the heavy burden of carrying on a war in the north and south at once. If this report should prove to be correct, Prussia will be placed in a very awkward position, and find it a difficult task to carry on hostilities. Af ffairs have progressed so rapidly in military manoeuvres that the question asked is not whe ther there will be war, but when it will take place. Austria is steadily ',pursuing her course, and nurturing her plans, and in all directions the conscription is going on through her dominions. It is said that the Imperial Government have resolved upon convening the Holstein Diet, in case of Prussia finally refusing their proposal as to the set- tlement of the Duchies. The Provincial Diets of the Empire are also likely soon to be concerned. The semi-official Austrian press affirm that the celebrated Auxerre speech was directed against Prussia in connection with the protest against the Treaties of 1815, and that all the relations between France and Austria are of the most satisfactory kind. This opinion coincides with that expressed by the Constitutionnel, and also tallies with the assertion of an understanding being arrived at be tween Austria and France. It is again rumoured that the Ambassadors of Austria and Prussia will be removed from the respective capitals, and the repetition of this announcement looks ominous. We should not be at all surprised if these representatives were speedily recalled, for many signs of approaching hostilities, and the conduct of Italy alone, is sufficient to stir up tumults. The Italians are burning for war, without any very ap parent cause, it is true, but not the less are they eager and impetuous for the contest. The conse quences will be very disastrous in the long run, and already the work of conscription, so extensively carried on, is exhausting the resources of the kin dom with resp ec t to labour. g- Vienna is not behind hand in excitement, and the feeling in favour of war is testified by the cir cumstance that a committee of merchants intend to place a large sum of money i n the hands of the Government in the event of war breaking out. Nothing is more significant of the future come of Prussia, than her dealings with the Federal Diet. The latest new s is that she has made known to them that she will consider the " imperative requirements of her self_ preservation" more important than her relations with the Confederation ; and furthermore insults them by saying that they oppose Federal laws, and endanger its members instead of securing their posi tion. We never expected that much heed would be paid to the remonstrances of the Diet by the self-willed statesman who pursues his infatuated course at Berlin ; but perhaps few thought it likely that he would openly an instituti on o f national importanc e. in the Herr BISMARK. His acts speak as We must admit th at there is no subterfuge pre sent policy o f insult plainly as th ey can, and make manifest to all that the course of the Ring's Government is fixed, and that no considerations of honour, no inducements of reason, and no respect for popular opinion will suffice to stay them in the execution of their de signs. The demeanour of the Mid de States of Germany is another infallible test oe. the warlike tendency of affairs, All these pri_cipalities are THE SON, LOINDO.N, FRIOAY EVENING, MAY 11, 1866. aim i ng . and that with a determination and energy bich sivow they are in earnest, and consider their po; ition to by; precarious. We find that the reign ing SovCrei'gns of Wurtemburg, Hesse Darmstadt, Nassau, and Baden, with Plenipotentiaries from five othe r German States, held a conference on the Bth insts nt, for the purpose of deciding upon the concentration of their respective contingents, and settling upon the strategic positions that it will be most de: irable for them to take up. The Bava rian Diet is to be convoked, in order that it may vote a credit for extraordinary mili tary expenses, and nearly all the men eligible for military service have been called out. No one who is at all versed in military affairs can deny that there is every reason for fear on the part of these States. Neither of the two great German Powers is at all likely to respect them, and the notion of neutrality we know was com pletely ignored by Prussia at the commencement of the disunions which have led to these unfortunate results. Austria has put herself so forward in her military preparations that it seems she entertains no doubt of a satisfactory settle ment of affairs. The rumour now afloat that Austria will consent to give up Venice shows the peculiar state of things. If it should turn out true, it would be far the best thing that Austria has done for years, and could not fail to strengthen her Government considerably. Altogetherthe aspect of things abroad is sufficiently alarming, and it is no exaggeration to say that those concerned in the struggle, both directly and indirectly, are now so well prepared that at any moment war may be de clared. Indeed the excitement has become so great in various directions that nothing short of open hostilities will satisfy the expectations of some or allaying the irritation of others ; besides so many ambitious projects are depending for realisation on the chances of war. It is unfortunately proverbial that a debate on Indian affairs speedily empties the House, and cer tainly Mr. SMOLLETT'S experience last evening does not tend to contradict the theory. .'Yet the question which he brought under notice was one of no slight importance, and one which not only affects our Anglo-Indian subjects, but our own commercial classes as well. The cotton supply is not happily so momentous a question at the present moment as it was a few years back, but it is still a matter of much consequence, and therefore Mr. SMOLLETT'S motion in reference to the effect of the present con dition of land tenure in Bombay and Madras on the supply of cotton might well have been expected to ex cite a little more interest. Mr. SMOLLETT objected very strongly to the existing system, and declared that by it the peasantry, on whom the production of cotton depended, were reduced to the condition of serfs. The chief point of which Mr. SMOLLETT complains is the great subdivision of the soil in the south and west of India ; yet Mr. STANSFELD, in his reply, showed that there is a good deal to be said in its favour. In some degree the change which Mr. SMOLLETT wishes to introduce will be brought about by the permanent settlement system, which will tend to accumulate the holdings in fewer hands. Mr. SMOLLETT in his speech failed to do justice to the great benefit which all classes in India are likely to derive from the pub lic works now being carried on—the road-making, the construction of canals, the extension of the sys tem of irrigation, &c. The poorer classes will profit by these undertakings as well as those above them, since the improvement of the soil must tend to enrich the cultivator as well as the owner. We cannot legislate for India piecemeal, and it would be very imprudent to attempt a sudden and violent change in a system which on the whole works well, and to which the people have become accustomed. The concentration system advocated by Mr. SMOLLEIT would give rise to a great deal of injustice towards many of those small occupiers of whose number he complains, and would lead to litigation, of which Indians are already too fond. Mr. SMOLLETT was apparently satisfied with the opportunity of stating his case, for he subse quently withdrew his motion, without having by any means established the necessity or advisability for the comprehensive change which he recommends. CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) PARIS, Thursday Evening. The Moniteur does not contain a word of news respecting Germany, but it publishes a private letter from Florence, dated May 6, which gives some par ticulars of interest relative to Italy. The letter, evidently from a writer of influence, states that most of the Italian cities present a scene of move ment and agitation which recalls to recollection the aspect they exhibited in 1859 and 1860. The an nouncement of an approaching war, uncertain as the event may be, has excited the national mind. In the southern provinces, at Naples and at Palermo, the troops who march towards the frontier of the north are greeted with enthusiastic acclamations. The feeling in the north, although more restrained, exhibits itself nevertheless by the enrolment of many volunteers. Turin and Milan appear to be the cities which have furnished the greatest numbers. The Government, on its part, takes very active measures, and sends in mass towards the Po the greater portion of the military forces, divided into four corps d'armee, whose head-quarters will be established at Plaisanee, Lodi, Cremona, and Bologna. The two Parliamentary Chambers have relieved the Government from the administrative or financial difficulties with which it might meet in accomplishing a national task, by authorising it, unanimously (with one exception in each Chamber), to provide for the necessities of the situation by a simple decree. The most important exceptional measures which these necessities have up to this time required are the forced circulation of the notes of the National Bank and the loan of 250 millions, which the Bank in return consents to grant to the Government at one and a half per cent. A corps of volunteers is to be raised. In spite of these warlike measures, it is still affirmed that diplomacy will prevail with the Court at Vienna, and that by a Congress, or some other means, war will be averted. All the armaments and military precautions have not yet led to any act of provoca tion on either side. Austria, after having strongly fortified all her military positions, seems to assume an expectant attitude. As to Italy, she feels too strongly the responsibility she would incur were she to take the initiative in any act of aggression, to commit any act of imprudence. The declarations of M. Rouher, in the name of the French Govern ment in the Legislative Body, will contribute to calm feverish impatience. The statesmen of Italy, and the great mass of the Italian people, however, rely more upon, themselves than upon such declarations. The gravity f on g re r ev a i ge v r i n t t y ofhel nevertheless, journalss st,hiet represent or ti et o s n seon i t s t hirt notetaotteon be,ibe n ga n c a o csi n ni c l e o a sm l t e ao d yf , ti nwe r iet e ee d n t tl h i it a tai t el y, all au ae Austria s so t f i a e n fioaruri ei t i b gs r u e ssh a p k oeun o ldd f e h d os f m l b l i u c tie c i s o n n d b s e e i fi d t com mence on the side of Germany. In spite of the answer of Mr. Layard in the House of Commons, some of the Paris papers still sacyirsc : u — lai on Gazette fora weeksaid that past. the id cling to the idea that there will be a Congress t o di s cuss the differences between Austria and P russ i a. T The report of a Congre ss h as had On n ea the sth ofh e extensiveSiec/e may the Co log ne of a general European Congress was believed in the badly best-informed circles , and that En g land and Russia • were earnestly desirous of , c o Sun arryinogf i t t i t i o ajn e d ec a t y , and that the propos i tion had not be en re ceiYecl at the Tuileries , confirmed the news. The Patrie also states that Colonel Schweinitz, military attachl of Prussia at St. Petersburg, had been the bearer of a letter to King William from the Czar of a very conciliatory character, and favourable to the assembly of a C on gress." On the other hand, the Invalide Russe, the Rus sian official organ, opposes the notion of a Congress, on theground that the passions of the people are at present too much excited in Austria. The Gazette de Breslau, of the sth inst., says it has heard from a sure source that an order to prepare for war reached the 6th corps d'armee on the pre vious night. The Patrie seems to have a stronger belief in the report respecting the Congress than the other papers, and remarks that, although Mr. Layard denied that England had made a proposition for such an assembly, yet this did not exclude the idea that some step had been taken with a view to this result, and that the English Government had taken " some steps." In further illustration of its belief in the possibility of a Congress, the Patrie says it thinks it right to publish the report of the conversa tion between Earl Cadogan and Earl Clarendon, which it received "by means of The Sun, at the same time as the telegraphic despatch reached it." A letter from- Berlin states that the man who attempted to assassinate M. Bisinark is not the son of the refugee Charles Blind in London, formerly editor of the .Nouvelle Gazette Rhenane of Cologne. M. Blind is a man of 40, and has no children. The real name of the assassin is not yet discovered. A lady who travelled from Fontainbleau to Paris on Tuesday gave birth to a son in the railway car riage. On arriving at the station at Paris she was well enough to request one of the railway officials to accompany herself and child to her residence at Gros Caillon. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAM.) ITALY. FLORENCE, MAY 11. A modification of the Ministry is about to take place. General La Marmora will receive a military com mand. The Minister of Finance has presented his Budget for 1867 in the Chamber of Deputies. The Florence papers regard war as inevitable. AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA. CARLSRUHE, MAY 11. The official Karlsrulu'r Zeitung publishes a letter announcing that Count Bismarck has declared to Count Karolyi, the Austrian Ambassador at Berlin, that he would only accept a solution of the question of the Duchies from a German Parliament. BAVARIA. MUNICH, MAY 11. The Bavarian Government has, in consideration of the serious state of political affairs, ordered the immediate mobilisation of the entire Bavarian army. The Chambers have been convoked for the 22nd instant. THE PRINCIPALITIES. BUCHAREST, MAY 10. Signor Visconti Venosta, the new Italian Ambas sador to the Sublime Porte was received with enthu siastic demonstrations on his journey through the Principalities to his post at Constantinople. The Municipalities of Giurgevo, Ibraila, and Galatz presented him with addresses expressing their sympathies with Italian unity. Signor Visconti Venosta replied, thanking them in the name of Italy. NEW SOUTH WALES. SYDNEY, MARCH 20. Great excitement has prevailed in Parliament on the State-aid (Free-trade) question. The debate on the subject has been adjourned after lasting 20 hours. It is expected that Parliament will be prorogued. Banquet at the Mansion• House. -- - Last evening, according to custom, the Lord Mayor and the Lady Mayoress entertained her Majesty's Judges and many of the more distinguished members of the Bar at dinner at the Mansion-house. Among the guests, nearly 300 in number, were Lord Chief Justice Erle, Mr. Baron Bramwell, Mr. Justice Keating, Mr. Justice Shee, Mr. Justice Lush, with their ladies ; Right Hon. Spencer Wal pole, M.P., and Mrs. Walpole, Sir Harry Verßey, M.P., the Queen's Advocate and Lady Philimore, Hon. George Denman, M.P., Sir Thomas Henry, Lord and Lady Bury, Hon. G. W. Lewis, M.P., Sir Thos. Fremantle, Mr. Locke King, M.P., Hon. G. C. Norton, Gen. Sir W. J. Codrington, C. 8., Lieut.-General Sir Edward Cust, K.C.H., Lieutenant- General Sir John Pennefather, K.C.8., Vice-Admiral Codrington, C. 8., Sir George Bowyer, M.P., Sir John Simeon, M.P., Sir Patrick O'Brien, M.P., Sergeants Bal lantine, Payne, Simon, Pulling, Atkinson, and Robinson, Mr. Bovill, M.P., and Mrs. Bovill, Mr. Childers, M.P., and Mrs. Childers, Mr. Thomas Hughes, M.P., Mr. Scholefield, M.P., Colonel Sykes, Colonel French, M.P., Lieut.-Colonel Loyd Lindsay, M.P., and Hon. Mrs. Loyd Lindsay, Mr. R. W. Kennard and Mrs. Kennard, Mr. R. N. Philipps, Mr. Shirley Brookes, Mr. Beresford Hope, M.P., and Lady Mil dred Hope, Mr. Tite, M.P , and Mrs. Tite, Mr. Dyke, M.P., Capt. Jolliffe, M.P., Mr. Wyld, M.P., Mr. O'Beirne Mr. Forsyth, Q.C., Mr. and Mrs. George Moore, the High Sheriff of Kent and Mrs. Farmer Bailey, Mr. H. Pownall, Mr. R. N. Fowler, Mr. C. H. Mills, Colonel and Lady liar riettWarde, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Martin, Mr. Kemshead, Mr. Mullens, the Metropolitan magistrates, Mr. W. Leaf, Mr. W. L. Leaf, Mr. and Mrs. E. Levy, Mr. P. Holt, Mr. Gassiott, the Master of the Blacksmith's Company ; Mr. and Mrs. Barnet, Mr. Henry and Mr. Geo. Phillips ; Mr. and Mrs. Allcroft, Mr. L. Cohen, Mr. and Mrs. H. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Block, Mr. and Mrs. Hawes, Mr. W. Ashhurst, Mr. Horne, Major Snell, Mr. and Mrs. Penny, Mr. R. Dawson, M.P., and the Hon. Mrs. Dawson ; the members of the Court of Aldermen and the Sheriffs, with their ladies, The Lord Mayor and the Lady Maysress received the guests as they arrived in the saloon, and at 7 o'clock the company sat down to dinner, which was served in the Egyptian Hall. On the removal of the cloth the customary loyal toasts were given from the chair. The LORD MAYOR, in proposing the toast of "the Army, Navy, and Volunteers," said when they found a Minister of the Crown stating that. there was at this moment a million of armed men in Europe it made them feel, they knew not how soon, the brave army of England might be called on to maintain its honour and dignity; but he hoped he might be permitted to express a hope that the sword of England would never be drawn but to defend her national honour. Gen. Sir W. Codrington acknowledged the compliment on behalf of the Army, Vice-Admiral Codrington spoke for the Navy, and Viscount Bury for the Volunteers. The LORD MAYOR then rose to propose the toast of the evening. Speaking of " the majesty of the law," he said, in its independent, impartial, and merciful administration it afforded security to rich and poor, gave strength to the weak, courage to the timid, hope to the down-trodden, and consolation and protection to all. Among the many privi leges of the chief magistrate of the city, ho knew none more congenial than that of receiving her Majesty's judges within those walls. It was an ancient and honoured custom, and he hoped it would bea perpetual one. He gave "Her Ma jesty's Judges," coupling with it the name of Lord Chief Justice Erle, whom ho designated as one of the most able, learned, independent, and impartial members of the judicial body. The toast was drunk with acclamation. Lord Chief Justice ERIE, in acknowledging the compli ment, said he was happy to be able to reciprocate most cor dially all the expressionsthe Lord Mayor had been pleased to use towards the judicial body. They were thankful for their kind reception at that hospitable board, for the noble words ho had addressed to them in reference to their duties, and for extending his invitation to the ladies who accom panied them there, and whose presence enhanced their sa tisfaction. For the judges of the land, whom he had the happiness to know so well, he felt great admiration. He believed there never was a body of men whodevotedthem selves with more untiring energy to the discharge of their duties, to administer the laws firmly, but beneficially, and to promote the permanent welfare of their country. He believed too there never was a country in which the people enjoyed important sights in such calm and comfortable security under the protection of the law. The judges knew that their exertions would be useless if the laws did not live in the affections of the people. He bad great satisfaction in refer ring to the magistrates of the corporation of London and to the officers in its high departments, and he looked back to all his official intercourse with them with high respect and with grateful feelings. Mr. WALPOLE, M.P., speaking to the toast of " the House of Commons," which had been proposed from the chair, said it was the oldest, wisest, and greatest representative assembly ever known in the world, and it afforded the greatest satisfaction to be complimented by the represen tative of the oldest mercantile community the world had ever known. There were three circumstances connected with the occasion which characterised at once the glory, the greatness, and the confidence of England, and these were commercial industry, judicial independence, and political freedom. With respect to that commercial industry he trusted it would continue to flourish in this city as it had always flourished for centuries and centuries unimpaired— perhaps he might be permitted to say, in these times of troublous doubt and anxiety, unimpaired by reckless specu lation--(hear, hear)—and still more unimpaired by still more reckless ambition and war. (Cheers.) He trusted, whatever might be the result of passing events, the City of London, with its great mercantile interests, would never wear a more lowering aspect than it did now. Of the judicial independence of the Bench ho spoke with perfect confidence, but the extensive learning, the cultivated in telligence, the high-minded integrity which had always characterised the administration of justice in this country would not be lessened in the hands of those able Judges who now sat at the table of the Lord Mayor. With re spect to the last point he trod, perhaps, on delicate ground. They all knew that in one sense the House of Commons was at this moment on its trial, but ho had such confidence in the good sense of that house and of the country that he firmly believed it would como out of that trial, as it had come out of former trials ; that they would find, whatever might be the result of the changes it was now likely to pass through, it would still be the true exponent of the feelings and wishes of an intelligent people, bound to that people by the closest ties of sympathy and interest, and determined to promote the public welfare, and that the future career of that great assembly would be as distin guished as that which had immortalised its past history. (Cheers.) The Lord Mayor then gave " The Bar of England," to which Sir Robert Phillimore, the Queen's Advocate, re sponded., The "Health of the Lord Mayor," at the instance of Lord Chief Justice Erie, was drunk with great cor diality; and that of the Lady Mayoress having been pro posed by Mr. Baron Bramwell in graceful terms, the cora -1 Pany reputed About 11 o'clock. LAW INTELLIGENCE—(This Day). SHOREDITCH COUNTY COURT. (Before Mr. Dasent.) EXTRAORDINARY AND DARING FRAUD.-A LEGAL PUZZLE. COCKERELL V. GARRETT. This was an action in trover to recover the value of certain goods in the possession of the defendant, and the facts of the case disclosed one of the most extraordinary and daring systems of fraud ever brought to light. Mr. Coles appeared for the plaintiff, a glass and china dealer, of Spitalfields ; Mr. Horace Earle, representing de fendant, who is an auctioneer, of 195, Hackney-road. It appeared that a short time ago a person named Gardner, who was a stranger to the plaintiff, called at the s .p and selected articles to the extent of nearly £lO. He desired that the goods should be sent to 155, Hackney road, with a bill and receipt, and he would pay for them either by a cheque or in cash. Indeed, he went so far as to ask plaintiff which ho would prefer, a cheque or the cash, to which plaintiff replied "cash," but if a cheque was intended it must not be crossed. It was arranged that the goods should be at 155, Hackney-road, by half past three in the afternoon, and plaintiff's man started with them in a truck. He could not find No. 155, and as he was looking about him, Gardner came up and said that he was behind his time. Plaintiff's man replied that he could not find 155, whereupon Gardner said, "I did not give that number. I gave 195." The truck was then drawn up to 195, and Gardner walked into the house as if it belonged to him. He directed the man with the truck to unload the goods, and asked him for the receipted invoice. While the man was unloading the goods, Gardner took a small fancy musical box, and remarking that he was just going to cross the road in order to put it in the window of a toy-shop opposite, walked away. After being about a minute in the toy-shop, he c'tme out, recrossed the road, and suddenly disappeared, neither the plaintiff nor defendant hearing or seeing anything of him to this day. The plaintiff's man waited patiently for some time, and then walked into the house, and asked for Mr. Gardner. The servant told him he knew no such person, and subsequently defendant told the man that he had advanced £3 15s. upon the goods to Gardner, who had coolly represented himself as a manu facturer requiring assistance.' When plaintiff heard where the goods were he applied for them, and upon defendant's refusal to give them up brought this action. It was urged on the part of the plaintiff that a person was entitled to sue the holder of stolen property, oven sup posing that he had taken no steps to find out the thief ; but Mr. Earle contended that in this case the property was not stolen, as there had been an absolute sale to Gardner, who even now hold the bill and receipt. His Honour said that no doubt Gardner had been morally guilty of a fraud upon both plaintiff and defendant, for which one or both would have to pay. Gardner appeared to be a person who had closely studied how far he could go with impunity, and he just went to the extreme point and there stopped. His Honour had no hesitation in saying that there were some unprincipled men who know more of the law governing cases of this kind than any judge in the land, and tradesmen could not be too careful in their dealings with strangers. Looking at all the facts of the case, he thought the loss ought to be divided, neither side to have any costs. Mr. Wilson, the registrar, directed that the hearing fee should be returned, and the order then stood that plaintiff was to have back his goods upon paying £1 17s. 6d., or half the amount defendant advanced to the absent Mr. Gardner. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—This Day. MARLBOROUGH-STREET. A BRACE OF SCOUNDRELS.—George Bennett and James Smith, two well-dressed fellows, were charged before Mr. Knox with the following disorderly conduct : Police-constable Wood, 202 C, said that about half-past one that morning he saw the two prisoners rush out of the urinal in Vine-street, fighting, and Bennett tried to strike the other with a stick. He then took them into custody. Inspector Harrison said he believed Gordon, 33 C, could throw a little light on the case. Gordon said the prisoners belonged to a gang of men who frequented urinals for the purpose of extorting money from gentlemen. He believed that they had got some money from a gentleman, and could not agree about the division of it. Inspector Harrison said there had been numerous com plaints of persons of the prisoners class. The stick found on Bennett was handed to the magis trate, and was found to be loaded at one end. Mr. Knox said he should require the prisoners to find a surety of £5O each to keep the peace for three months. Queen's Concert Rooms. One of the most pleasant musical entertainments of the week was the " Pianoforte Recital," by Miss Agnes Zim mermann, at the Hanover-square Rooms, on Thursday afternoon. This young, but already distinguished, pianiste acquitted herself splendidly in the four pieces which she played, comprising Beethoven's well-known Sonata in A flat, and Schubert's in A minor. This last, as also Reinecke's Variations on a theme by Handel, struck us as peculiarly piquant, and the execution and feeling with which they were performed fully brought out their charac teristic beauties. The concert concluded with a sequence of short pieces by Bach, Schumann, and Moscheles, all of them full of brightness and interest. The most inveterate " Anti-Schumannite" would have admitted the melo diousness of the morceau here presented. The instrumental performances were varied by three songs, pleasingly sung by Miss Whytoek, one of these being by the fair pianist° herself—for Miss Zimmermann is not only a player, but a composer, both of vocal and instrumental music of no mean order. We remember when some of these were per formed at concerts of the Royal Academy how much we were pleased with them. We trust that at her future concerts Miss Zimmermann will favour us with more of her new compositions. The next recital is an nounced for May 24, and we invite our musical readers to avail themselves of this opportunity. They will, we think, agree with us that among the many distinguished players, both English and foreign, who grace our concerts at the present season, Miss Zimmermann holds a place in the very highest ranks. Terrible Adventure in a Cave. The Indianapolis Herald of the 12th of April contains a letter written at Lavcnworth on the Bth inst., in which an account of an exploration of the celebrated " Dead Man's Cave," situated near Leavenworth, is given. It contains several thrilling incidents. The exploring party consisted of Major Throckmorton, of Louisville ; Captain Holcraft, Sheriff Swayne, Dr. E. R. Hawn, and Lyman F. Knapp, of this place ; Mr. Jesse Brandon, of Nashville ; and the _Herald Correspondent. The party proceeded to the sub terranean river, which flows through the cave, when, says the Correspondent, " a consultation was had on the bank, to determine whether an attempt should be made to cross it in its present swollen condition. Mr. Knapp, myself and Sheriff Swayne, suggested an abandonment of the expe dition, but were overruled by Dr. Hawn, Major Throck morton, Capt. Holcraft, and Mr. Brandon, who, while ad mitting the danger of the attempt, declared they would rather perish than abandon the expedition now, and stand the ridicule which such a movement would entail upon their heads. The boat was accordingly launched, and Capt. Holcraft, Dr. Hawn, and myself entered, the doc tor playfully remarking that some men who were destined to die another death could never be drowned. We found the passage much easier than we expected. Capt. Holcraft took the oars, while I grasped the tiller, and the doctor held aloft the flambeau. A few vigorous strokes, and, with a sensation of relief, we felt the keel grate upon the peebles of a sloping bank on the other shore, in still and quiet water. A lusty cheer from the doctor made the cavern ring, and informed the rest of the party that the passage had been safely accomplished. Captain Holcraft then re turned, and soon brought over the remainder of the party. Continuing the exploration, the party came to a place where was discovered a deep circular hole, apparently almost bot tomless. Stones dropped into its gaping mouth would be heard sullenly plunging from side to side, until the noise of their descent was lost in the abyss below. Mr. Knapp being the lightest of the party, was let down by a strong cord a distance of some 30 yards, when he vigorously signified that he had seen enough by jerking the rope. He was drawn up, looking a trifle paler than usual, and declaring that his curiosity bad been amply satisfied, Mr. Knapp said that, after descending a distance of 15 or 20 feet, numerous winged things, apparently bats, flitted constantly about his ears, viciously snapping their mandibles together with a devilish sort of twitter. One of these, cold, clammy, and inexpres sibly nasty, alighted on his face and inflicted a severe bite. Mr. Knapp nearly fainted with disgust, and declared that if the rope had not been tied under his arms he would have fallen. The party having become quite satisfied with sight seeing underground were about ready to leave for daylight, when, upon the earnest solicitation of Dr. Hawn, the party was persuaded to continue the explorations a little beyond, when the most painful portion of the story commences. The party entered a new cavern, which suddenly narrowed. Mr. Knapp, going first, passed through the opening on his hands and knees, and entered another large chamber. Dr. Hawn, who is a very heavy man, attempted to follow, and became inextricably fixed in the passage. He could neither go forward nor back. For three hours the party worked incessantly, but all to no purpose. We sent back to the river and got the iron stakes with which the boat had been fastened, to use as a crowbar. With this the doctor might have ben extricated, but ' here a new calamity manifested itself. One by one the lamps had burned out, until barely enough oil was left to light us on our way back to the river. The thought of being imprisoned in that living tomb was too terrible to be endured, for we knew that, without light, we could never find our way back. A panic seized upon the party, and hastily leaving the doctor and Mr. Knapp to their fate—for the doctor's body blocked up the way against Mr. Knapp's return—we rapidly retraced our steps, crossed the river and returned to the town. A supply of oil, tools, &c., were procured, and although fatigued almost to the point of disability, we returned to the cave, determined to rescue our comrades, or perish in the attempt. The river was crossed, and we proceeded to the grand chamber where we had taken our lunch, accom panied by numerous citizens of Leavenworth. But, search as closely as we could, we could not find the gallery in which the doctor and Mr. Knapp were entombed. In vain wo explored and shouted, until worn out and fainting. All to no purpose. Nearly three days have passed since we first entered the cave, and during all that time it has been full of people uselessly hunting for the two unfortunate men. One after another of thevarious galleries leading from the grand chamber have been explored and blazed with chalk-marks, but still the missing men cannot be found. We are begin ning to lose heart, but will persevere as long as there is the faintest hope. The guide of the Mammoth Cave, in Ken tucky, has been sent for to assist in the search. I shall remain here a day or two longer, to do what little I can, and will inform you if the men or their bodies are found." Mr. Knapp has since been found. He wandered about the cavern, and was at last fortunate enough to find an opening in an old sink-hole, where he was found by a hunter, 56 hours after he was left by the party in the cavern. Dr. Hawn had not been discovered at last accounts. CRYSTAL PALACE.—The great Flower Show of the season takes place to-morrow, when the gardens of Rockhills (the residence of the late Sir Joseph Paxton) will be thrown open to visitors. On this occasion the tro pical department, in addition to the naves and transept, will be made available for the show, thus forming a covered promenade the whole length of the palace. Should the weather prove at all unfavourable the military bands will play inside the palace. OPENING OF A DRINKING FOUNTAIN IN TTIE CITY —A very beautiful public drinking fountain which has been erected as a memorial to communicate the gifts of the benefactors to the parishes of St. Lawrence Jewry and St. Mary Magdalene, Milk-street, for the use of the inha bitants, was opened yesterday with some ceremony. The memorial has been erected in the open space on the west side of Guildhall-yard, between the church of St. Lawrence, Old Jewry, and the dace of the City law officers, and forms quite an ornament and a structure of much interest to that immediate neighbourhood. Divine service having been performed at 12 o'clock in the church, the vicar, accompa nied by the churchwardens and other parochial officers, proceeded to open the lountain. Sb ESTMINSTER. THE BEGINNING OF CRlNlE.—Sydnoy Bennett alias Walker, a youth of 17, was charged with stealing two waistcoats, value £1 175., the goods of John James Pur chase, his master. Mr. Purchase said ho was an upholsterer carrying on business at 249 and 253, King's-road, Chelsea, and resided at Chiswick. The prisoner had been in his employ two weeks, and decamped last Wednesday. Two waistcoats that had been safe last Saturday were missed on Wednes day, simultaneously with the prisoner's disappearance. He saw nothing of the prisoner till this morning in custody The waistcoats produced were his - property. Joseph Wooderoof, assistant to Mr. Amherst, pawn broker, 105, King's-road, proved that last Wednesday pri soner pledged the waistcoats for 7s. in the name of Waller Thomas Rowe, 113 T, said he apprehended prisoner at half-past 12 o'clock, on Thursday night, in Cremorne Gardens. He at first said he knew nothing of the robbery, and nen, after hesitating a little, said he had got the ticket and would give it to witness, if he would make it all right with Mr. Purchase. Witness said that was nothing to do with him, and then the ticket was given him. Nearly 6s. was found on him. Prisoner, who had nothing to say, was remanded till Thursday. THAMES. HORRIBLE REVENGE OF A WlFE.—Charlotte Harriet Holland, a drunken and dissipated woman. too well known in this court, was brought before Mr. Partridge charged, with thrusting a red hot iron into her husband's left eye and destroying the sight thereof. Richard Holland, a lighterman, of No. 3, James-street, Cannon-street-road, St. George-in-the-East, said the pri soner was his wife, and the mother of his six children. Yesterday she attended at that court to answer a summons for assaulting his sister. She did not appear when the case was called on, and a warrant was granted for her apprehen sion. He returned home in the afternoon, after a hard day's work, and his wife began to abuse him, and she said, 'You—, I'll do for you." S ho took a pieco of rod hot iron out of the fire, and while he was passing across the room unsus picious of her intentions, she took the iron out of the fire and thrust it into his eye. It stuck there until he pulled it out, and he burnt his hand in doing so, and then put the iron into a washing-basin and cooled it. He ran down to the street and called for the police. Mr. Partridge—Was she drunk ? Witness—l don't think she was sober? Mr. Partridge—What caused her to commit this horrible act ? Witness—B'xause I came here as a witness for my sister yesterday. I had not been on bad terms with my wife. In cross-examination by the prisoner the witness said he had lived away from her for some time. Ho did not say to her sister yesterday "I have just left your - mistress," or any words of the kind. William Hutt, a carpenter, lived in the house where the Hollands were dwelling. The prisoner was a regular nuisance ; a most savage, depraved woman, with a bad tongue. She once set the house on fire. He saw the pro secutor come down stairs with his eye bleeding. The prosecutor was a quiet man. Two written warnings had been given to the Hollands to leave the house. The pri soner disregarded both. William Card, 385 K, took the prisoner into custody. He found the room where the deed was committed covered with blood. Mr. Partridge committed the prisoner for trial, and directed the constable to summon the surgeon who dressed the wound to give evidence at the sessions. He should commit the prisoner to the Central Criminal Court. He had no doubt of the prisoner's guilt. It was a most shock ing case, the worst he had ever heard, and he hoped the prisoner would meet with the punishment her savage con duct so richly merited. AN AMERICAN STORY.—The Chicago Tribune pub lishes the following extraordinary story, under date Fre dericton, New Brunswick, April 7 :—"Among the visitors in the town is the Earl of Aberdeen, nephew of the Go vernor of the province. He has recently succeeded to his title and estates, and is now travelling for pleasure ; but he aeems to seek that pleasure under tha most curious cir cumstances. Last Saturday the ship Pomona arrived at St. John's after a very rough passage of 60 days from Liver pool or London. On her arrival in the harbour a number of distinguished gentlemen went on board to meet the Earl of Aberdeen, who, they wore informed by letters, was a passenger. Their inquiries of the captain as to the pro sence of such a distinguished compagnon du voyage wore, of course, met with a look of astonishment ; but they were not long in discovering his lordship among the sailors in the fore-hold, where he was dividing his clothes among, and presenting gold pieces to, each of his late comrades. Having bid them a most affectionate farewell, he joined the party who came in quest of him, went ashore, came up here in the horrible mail coach in a most unassuming man ner, and is now the guest of his uncle at the Government house. When a few days out, the Pomona was compelled by stress of weather to put back to Queenstown, when the earl humbly entreated the captain to put ashore. But the captain held him to his articles of shipment, and his lordship was forced to serve out his time as a sailor for 60 days. This is not the only ono of his freaks in search of adventure. A few years ago he came to this country, and for some time lived and worked, incog., among the lumber men in the backwoods. He has a penchant for adventure it WA rime incurable."—Scotsman. 1 Ciri 01111 c".. HER MAJESTY• WINDSOR CASTLE, Thursday. The Queen drove in the grounds yesterday of noon, attended by Lady Churchill ; and went out walking this morning, accompanied by Prin cess Helena. Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice went out driving. Her Royal highness Princess Helena, attended by the Hon. Lady Biddulph, went to Twickenham yesterday afternoon, and visited the Duke an d Duchess d'Aumale. Lord and Lady Wodehouse arrived at the Castle yesterday, and had the honour of dining with the Queen and Royal Family. Lady Holland had the honour of an interview with her Majesty this afternoon. -- -.- The Prince and Princess of wales. The Prince of Wales visited the studio of the United Association of Photography yesterday co The Prince of Wales, accompanied by Fr i° Alfred, rode out on horseback. drive' at- The Princess of Wales took a carriage tended by the Hon. Mrs. A. Ilardinge. In the evening their royal highnesses Went i° her Majesty's Theatre. The Coal Question. (From a Correspondent of the Times.) Several hundreds of thousands of years since about 2,000 millions of tons of coal were stored under the surface of Great Britain, but the existence of coal was a f matter o little more than curiosity until about five centuries fr°lll the present . About two time centuries since the woods became exhausted' and the coal rose in importance, but for another century; its recovery being only effected by horse-power, the g reitte f part of the store was inaccessible, and the exhaustion 0 the workable coal was generally regarded question of but a few years, and its consumption wee principally limited to its substitution for fuel for llu aee hold purposes. But when the exhaustion of the recoverable coal Wa e expected the discovery of steam power and its apPli ceti i ° ,: c i the drainage and winning and the ventilation of mille s Zji open what appeared to be inexhaustible resources, s n ' gr . apprehensions were set at rest for 100 years. T hen be Hull demonstrated that, owing to the increasing heat o f t t mines, as they descend towards the interior of the ear tb ' fl i f would be difficult to work the coal beyond a depth en 4,000 ft., and recently that limit of 4,000 ft. ha s be d connected with the principle that the exhaustion t coal will progress in a geometrical the exhaustion ratio for 100 years at as nacre)), a.. the rate at which it has progressed 3; ptto .o tween the years 1854 and 1861, and the consul3l in 1961 will exceed 2,000 millions of tons Of . ° l4 each year, and that exhaustion of coal down ' e rt th is limit of 4,000 feet will ensue about the year 20 00 ' - t ti stated that the quantity of workable coal within 4,000 le of the surface is 86,000 millions of tons, and t t t t annual consumption in 1861 was 83 millions , s° t's but atthat rate the coal would last nearly a thousand Ye h t th e that the consumption may be expected to increase a t he rate of 31 per cent. in each year, making m 1961 annual consumption 2,670 millions of tons. ; v oint° The truth of this theory depends upon two Ms"'„ be -the one, that 4,000 feet will a hundred years ben the the extreme depth at which coal will be workable other, that the rate of increase between 1854 and 18611 e fair e rate to assume throughout the n e xt 100 years' 19 On the first point it may be said tbatthe question m",,i'reef turns on the possibility of introducing the temperate a t at the surface (or any temperature under 80 degreesi the depth of 4,000 feet, and that it is difficult to deflua be limit of the power of science when it has occasion t ° tie directed to that particular point. But the second Pci,e4oe capable of being tested by the consideration of the fae which it is Agreeing b to ased 83 . millions of tons as the annual consure'...; tion, it is necessary first to divide the total quantity' iteci, the separate objects of consumption to which i t is deCf.ep, and, although there are no means for its accur ate div'et an approximate division will be sufficient. a to The consumption for household purposes is asSnyaeilio9 be a ton for each unit of the population-say , 24 rei,lveo of tons a year ; and the theory we are consider in g in ball that the consumption of coal for household purP° ses „, s , be in 1961 576 millions of tons, and that, as the cod will b 3 neither hotter nor colder, and coals wil l aff°i-tion same warmth to each person, the corresponding P°Pe-e of the British Isles will also 576 milli. The next single item is be the consumption ons of coal fe r b tsi t il way travelling, amounting at the present time te Rithie five millions of tons for 10,000 miles of railwaY of of Great Britain. The theory involves that the n 99' , - .196 1 tons supposed to be consumed for this purpose' ,ill;6is will be 120 millions of tons; so that either the I.gut must extend within Great Britain to 24 times their length, or the train services must be 24 times:theicariir sent number, or both compounded must invo lve crease, of the aggregate consumption. b o ut ° The present consumption in the iron trade is 9 fi .pa' millions of tons of coal, operating to produce and 193-011-00 late 41 millions of tons of pig iro n , and the theoriill,ooso that the quantity if coal consu me d i n 1961 for this 1 39 ; i0 ' 80 the wi presentllbe472 millions of o p f ig to i n ro s, n7the which would produce 24 .- 0 01 These three objects em pl o y more than half of biai the is .eacemployeduconsumption,nti quantity titt to 24 2d i4et timesmp uarypobsietess resent p s a s n u a m t e h d aat that the et Ue o r f latter fnet more t s h e an of 24 tr t a i d m e e D oe According to the rate of increase established 11 1 " a "; c o' latiou returns, the total amount of population in 19 " i 0 1 not exceed 90 millions, involving a e", Coal e for household purposes of the sam g e number of tons e ' ro te so that there is a discrepancy between the result of the rot of the increase of consumption of coal of 480 five-sixths million or of the total assumed consumption• f cold Few persons will consider that the consumptleri (7 , 0 50 for railway transit can more than double its P-000 amount, so that there will be a discrepancy und er t 4o eti of 110 million tons, or more than five-sixths of the 9e ; io oed consumption. The only one of the three above-91e.,,,1i0e saintds pc:enseseneitilaemntoluynto.infanowueenlattieti::::l.:ooll items of which the amount is not limited is the ": er iron. This would involve an increase of poPulatleo, it ployed in that trade from 60,000 to 1,444,000' :orrer may be added, that the coal miners m ust bf, 0 00 to ,„ pondingly increased in number from 2'1,0.05" 6,000,000 persons. The same proportionate otliet must take place in the persons engaged coax trades dependent • on the consumption c';sllg Taking only three trades—cotton, wool, 911- t ol e at 500,000 persons, their number must b e incr e3s „ la t h millions, irrespective of a corresponding increes"_ o ar persons engaged in the trades connected wi th those 0 0° 0 11 factures. The expected increase in the consumption c 9 -: v reg - L be admitted without further consideration. If, an one should believe in an annual consumPtie9,-tbst millions of tons of coal in 1961, we would sugg e , s 'b fl ee should calculate and explain the proportion wh' c Aar the s ", tional debt of 800 millions of money would I.l9'"oith e* circumstances bear to the population and to the sv dev elor Great Britain. The increase of population, theno anent of railway transit, and the extension a the - - fo r tv" and of our trade generally, affoid special reason recent increase in the consumption of coal. Scraps from Punch. b Yrir T it E r a E v a T t I n , e A u s r s 1 , A a F A d TlO l 7.—Victor Hugo, in hiS P ,' ioStr) . "L s e a Mer," mentions a S°t e 'areA cife ment to of torture called "le bugpipe " N/ hat gentledA : name give it, to be sure! Imagine ' a Scotch g,perlrs; ° sitting in his buggy, and playing on his bug-Pipe; fleas bi s a o m m e e n f t o i r o e n ig o n f writer next p n p e y xt oi m eid ay e: Take us think. cn • FOR THE DUMB ASYLVM.---" 13111 " b '. • 0 , Or ° MOTTO vivainus." rit Bl)lc t, A HAPPY ACCIDENT.—Our friend the Star is to ° l w ill p e It is held in good society that a g tlernan wh° h av e takeßut wechaff should from our associates i f o re w e et done with him. Here goes again. In a report 0 tir ed t ° nd intois eajnoililrtitgy, ing at which the Pancras Guardians vainly 01° 11 - L ., ° , 1 ;i 14 bo to a,' t f : i i l l ic ili fe wriggle off the nail with which the Arulahisheit of P ' - to has fastened them to their dirty workhouse 1 04 " jorae , " The resident medical officer bo i makes a Mr. George move that on the death of 3nY rin eel V. ' the curse in charge of th© ward." This iS ~ have send misprint, and had we read it in proof we sbo w- , - t 1 , Stet. Perhaps Cuss would hav been less Pe` aul a l if c e 03 ; A 11 th in more American. But the word is a good 0,10, g sv l3 • clip© to think that a good many inmates a sor- 9 T i' Dis r r i do. . 0 0 0- it preferable to the word which was inten preSel 4 09 mark • gives us a peg on which to hang our °X the r a tau thanks to the Archbishop for his castigatiou of tuscoula Do, mmeaiately irifo°l jolt Guardians, whose attempts to defend theresergteio ho' ludicrous, but that the subject excites inc li g ll3 IS S than mirth. „ : cTits p A MODERN ILLUSTRATION OF T HE PROO') 4 a Q,113P,,ee MEET."—An Ultra-ritualist running up ag ain —.—. --------- 00 issued es o f MEAT AND BARLEY.---A return 3100,01$ 0 shows that in England last year 44,168,028 of - 55, 99 0 / amount amot malt were charged with duty to the the of 3s. 4-id; 2,362,909 bushels in Scotland t° the Al3l°ll°e X 319,007 4s. 81d. ; and 2,414,960 in Ireland to tio titi of X 327,311 17s. Oil In the same year th e : 1 1 27 189, barley imported into the linitod IC.iugdom 1° quarters. 1,...- - *