The Sun. — London, England, 1866-01-01 00:00:00

The Houseless Poor of London. On Saturday afternoon, delegates from all Metro politan Boards of Guardians assembled at St. Mar tin's-hall, Long-acre, at the invitation of Mr. H. B. Farnall, C. 8., the Commissioner of the Poor-law Board, to confer together with a view of adopting a uniform system of treatment of the classes known as the "Houseless Poor," whose condition has excited so mucl. attention of late. Mr. Farnall was unani mously oted to the chair, and some interesting facts were elicited in the course of the proceedings. The CHAIRMAN said the subject which they were met to discuss could not fail to be of great interest to them all, for, both as residents of the great city and a guardians of the poor, they were deeply con cerne in the condition of those houseless poor and wanderers, for whose relief the Legislature had pro vided in the enactment known as the Houseless Poor Act. It seemed to him expedient that the guardians shou cl meet together to confer as to the adoption of some uniform treatment of those poor at all the workhouses in the metropolis, both in regard to the food given to them and the labour exacted from them in return for the relief they received, so that there should be no inducement for those who claimed this relief to visit one place more than another. He was particularly desirous that a labour test should be exacted from those who could work, and that there should be in every workhouse this' test of indi gence, and this would save the able labourer from the temptation to wander from union to union and live without employment--an inducement which was certainly open to him by food and lodging be ing given without labour being exacted in return. (Hear.) The Poor Law Board might have issued an order laying down certain rules to be followed ; but it had been thought better to adopt the mode of asking the guardians themselves to express their views as to what plan it would be most advisable to follow in regard to the uniform treatment of the houseless—(cheers)—and to assist them he proposed to lay before them a few facts. As they were doubt less aware, before the passing of the Homeless Poor Act the guardians were bound to provide for the destitute and homeless who applied to them, and the whole accommodation in the metropolis before the passing of the act for those known as casuals would have provided for 997—that was to say, in the workhouses. Now this room was most unevenly distributed, for some of the parishes had fair accom modation, while others, and some rich parishes too, had none at all, and he knew instances of a board being hung outside a workhouse with " Take Notice. —The Casual Wards are full," when there was not a casual ward in the place. (Laughter.) It was to remedy the injustice of poverty-stricken parishes having a burden from which rich parishes were free that the Legislature passed the act. Society was very properly shocked at the destitution which was seen in the streets at night, and a benevolent Legislature determined that relief should be given to those wretched beings who I were found sleeping under arches and in ruins, and herding in any miserable places where they could shelter themselves in any degree from the weather, and that they should have the protection to which they were entitled by the laws of the country. The result of the passing of the act was the doubling of the accommodation for the casual poor; for now 2,000 could be sheltered where before nearly 1,000 could be received. The last returns showed that this accommodation was ample, generally, for the average relief afforded each night was to 1,238 per sons, who were bedded and provided with food night and morning at the charge of the whole me tropolis. This number did not appear to him to be by any means a numerous body of poor—casual poor—to be accommodated in this way. Some people seemed to think that, by thus making ar rangements for the care of the houseless, encourage ment was given to vagrancy, but a calm considera tion of the wholeniatter would dissipate this opinion. Here, in London, there were nearly 3,000,000 of people, and when the pauperism of this large num ber was examined, it was found that, of these 3,000,000 of people, there were but a fraction over three in every 100 receiving parochial relief —that was to say, not three families in every 100, but three persons—counting the old, the sick, the infirm, and the babe at its mother's breast. And it was not to be wondered at that there should be poverty in this large popu lation of 3,000,000, taking into account, the effects of fever, which would drag a working family down to be for a time recipients of relief—the sudden stoppage of work, fire, and loss of furniture and tools, the death of one on whom a family depended, were all casualtieswhich recruited the ranks of pauper ism, and it was not at all surprising that the Lon don workhouses should be called upon nightly to house some 1,200 wanderers. Of course, there were more sometimes, and generally the same persons would be found applying over and over again, who were really homeless and shifted from place to place, while others it would be found were parishioners— the chargeable poor of the parish, who would take their turn of the straw bed and their crust of bread night and morning, in preference to asking the guar dians for relief, hoping doubtless to obtain employ ment. It was to be remembered, too, there was no new obligation imposed by the Homeless Poor Act. In the old times the masters of workhouses were under a legal obligation to open their doors at any time, night or day, and the relieving officers might have been called at all hours to give necessary relief. The only change was that the payment for the house less was spread over the whole metropolis instead of some poor parishes being burdened and others get ting off. (Cheers.) An opinion had gone forth that this act was a failure, and this had been broadly stated, but how it could be so was not shown. The casual wards of the workhouses were not filled ex cept in certain places. Marylebone, for instance, where the act was now properly carried out, might complain of the large numbers who received relief there, but it must be remembered that Marylebone was a vast parish, and its workhouse was peculiarly situated for receiving a large number of houseless, being in a great thoroughfare, and the high road to the western, northern, and north-western districts. With regard to the " utter break down" of the act which was reported during the week in the news papers, and which " utter break down" was stated to be shown from official sources, by giving official opinions on its working, he would just state that the official authority was no authority at all. He begged to state that the Poor-law Board had not asked for the guardians' opinions, and that no opinions had been received, but the manner in which the official opinions had been obtained was by a reporter writing round to the masters of the workhouses for their opinion of the act, and which he published as offi cial. The masters generally would never like the act ; it was not to be expected that they would ; and the fact ought to be known that the guardians had not been asked for their opinion, and they had not given it. On the other hand, he had received a let ter from the guardians of large and important parishes, disclaiming all participation in the belief of their master, that the " act was a dead letter." (wear.) The act ought to be a great success, and he thought it had been, even up to the present time, a very great success, judged by the fact that there was nothing like the misery and distress about the London streets to what there used to be. (Hear, hear.) He was well aware that the management of the London houseless poor was a difficult and deli cate operation, that there was such a thing of so giving relief as to invite men to become idle, and that if once the parish loaf Was given away without necessity, there was a beginning in the way of fos tering poverty. He did not want the necessities of the homeless tested. They came in the garb of want. They were ragged and hungry ; but if they got the shelter and fOod which they wanted they ought to give some work in return. (Hear, hear.) And this should be done to send back the idle to honest industry ; to earn their bread by the sweat of their brow, as all should do, and this might be done without any severity. All the poorpeople who filled the ranks of the houselesswere not of one class. There were among thein respectable clerks, broken clown tradesmen, and skilled mechanics, who could not, if they sought shelter in the casual wards, break stones in return for their relief, but they could pick a given weight of oakum or teaze some bristles, while the navvy and labourer class could be made to do the heavier work. It was hard to discriminate between those who needlessly sought the shelter of the wards and those whose necessities a impelled them to come there ; but this would sho v the neces sitous, for if an able man or able womln, in return for six ounces of bread night and !horning and a straw bed, could do a task of labour, it proved at once they needed the relief. A case of the break down of the act was brought before the public the other day in a case reported in the papers of a poor cripple who was refused admittance to a workhouse, and it turned out that the porter refused her even with plenty of room in the wards, so that by the negligence of a lazy man the act was brought into disrepute. He was glad to be able to say that, whereas formerly he was always being informed by letters from the police of the refusal of the work house authorities to take in the houseless, he had only received one letter during the last eight or nine months reporting such a case, and this would show that the act was working well. He went on to suggest that the uniform dietary should be six ounces of bread and an ounce of cheese to adults and chil- dren above nine years of age for supper, children under nine to receive bread and butter ; and in the morning the same quantity of bread with a pint of porridge, but he left the whole matter in the hands of the meeting. Mr. HARRIS, of the Poor-law Board, gave a de tailed description of the dietaries now in use round London, from which it appeared that there was every diversity. A resolution to give bread and porridge during the winter nights for supper, and bread and porridge for breakfast was, after a very long and tedious dis cussion on details, carried. The delegate from Marylebone, Mr. Taverner, advocated the giving of gruel to women and children all the year round for supper, but the humane suggestion was overruled, and the proposal to give cheese was denounced by one of the guardians as the "shadowing forth" the giving luxuries to paupers. In the discussion which took place with respect to the labour test one guardian stated that since his parish had exacted it the number of applicants for admission had been reduced by nearly one-half. _ _ _ The resolution that a labour test should be applied to all able to work was adopted unanimously. The CHAIRMAN thanked the guardians for their attendance, and remarked with respect to the re fuges, that these institutions relieved a great amount of distress, but he wished they too would adopt some labour test. A vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the proceedings. General Grant on the late War. Some of the best parts of the report are its references to other generals, and we see their exact value given at once to the good and the bad, as if they were weighed in the very scales of justice. Grant's references to Butler put that doughty personage before the country in the proper light for the first time. They show how a practical, sincere man regards such an empty, blatant pretender, and justly hold him up to con tempt. Butler was instructed from the first in the cam paign against Richmond that that city was his objective point, and that he was to co-operate with the army of the Potomac, and to seize or invest the rebel capital while Meade engaged Lee on the Rapidan. The plan was per feet, and no person with less ingenuity than Butler would have it found it possible to spoil it. Butler, however, managed wonderfully not to do what was requisite. He was shown that Richmond could not be reinforced from the south or from Lee's army, and was at his mercy ; but instead of seizing it he sat down at Bermuda Hundred and wrote despatches and " suffered the enemy to as completely shut him off from further operations against Richmond as if he had been in a bottle strongly corked." Such is Grant's contemptuous disposal of Butler's co operation against the rebel capital. Subsequently, when Grant was crossing the James, the enemy left the road from Richmond to Petersburgh on Butler's front unde fended, and Butler seized it. Grant, seeing the advantage, sent the Sixth corps to enable Butler to hold what he had taken, and Butler kept the Sixth corps in idleness, while the enemy re-captured the road. Nothing but Butler's Fort Fisher failure could have put a climax to these achievements. Grant shows how the order for Weitzel to act against Wilmington was smothered by Butler ; how Butler went where he was not sent and came away when there was no reason ; and then how Terry, with nearly tho same force, accomplished what Butler had declared im possible. As the sequel to this Grant merely said, "At my request Major-General B. F. Butler was relieved, and Major-General E. 0. C. Ord assigned to the command of the Department of Virginia and No'rth Carolina." Butler in this report and Butler before the Committee on the Con duct of the War—or making speeches at Lowell—are very different persons. As a contrast to Grant's picture of Butler, we may put his picture of Sheridan. This soldier was always doing exactly what was wanted, at exactly the right time and in the neatest possible way. When he commanded in the Shenandoah 'V alley and Earley lay in his front, Grant see ing the danger to us of a defeat there, feared to order bat tle without an exact knowledge of the position. He started, therefore, to see it with his own eyes. He met Sheridan, however, at Charlestown; and hepointed out so distinctly how each army lay; what he could do the moment ho was authorised, and expressed such confidence of success that there were but two words of instruction necessary—" Go in I" The victory at Opequan was the result. Butler had to be hedged round and bolstered up with page on page of minute instruction, and even den could always find a reason why he should not do the thing he ought. For Sheridan two words were enough and the victory came. Grant tells plainly that he did not like Thomas's delay to strike Rood as soon as the latter reached Nashville ; yet he adds, with a grand sense of justice, "His final defeat of Hood was so complete that it will be accepted as a vin dication of that distinguished off'icer's judgment." But he intimates an opinion that Hood's back was weakened be fore he get to Nashville. Speakieg of the battle at Frank lin he says :—" This was the first serious opposition the enemy met with, and I am satisfied was the fatal blow to all his expectations." Of Ilood's movements past Sher man's right to Nashville —that grand piece of strategy concocted by Davis—we have the simple declaration, "Had I had the power to command both armies, I should net have changed the orders under which Hood seemed to be acting." As Frederick the Great forgave his enemies the lies they told on account of the blunder they committed, so Grant could easily tolerate all Davis's speeches for the sake of that magnificent piece of acted stupidity." Grant declares that the history of Sherman's flank movements from Chattanooga to Atlanta " will over be read with an interest unsurpassed by any thing in history." The particulars of the growth of that great campaign in the two minds are marked down with the modesty o f a nature too noble to claim the title of what belongs to another. Fair tribute is paid to Meade also, whose "com manding w presence of an officer superior t o hirn in rank has in has the dntwn from him much of that public attention that his zeal and ability entitle him to, and which ho would otherwise have received." But, un doubtedly, the best of all Grant's declarations is that in relation to the qualities of the soldiers :—" It has been my fortune to see the armies of both the West and the East fight battles, and from what I have seen I know there is no difference in their fighting qualities. All that was possible for men to do in battle they have done. The Western armies commenced their battles in the Mississippi Valley, and received the final surrender of the remnant of the principal army opposed to them in North Carolina. The armies o f th e East commenced their battles on the river from whi c h the army of the Potomac derived its name, and recei ve d the final surrender of their old anta gonist at Appomatox Court -house, Virginia. The splendid achievements of ea c h h ave nationalised our victories." This splendid recognition of the qualities of our soldiers closes a document that has no equal either for the grand which it tells its sto ry.—New events of which it treats or for the admirable, generous, just, and manly spirit in York' Herald. New --- (ADVERTISEMEN -------- T.) Dyspepsia (indi;estlon), constipa tion, debility, consumption, any] all nervous, bilious stomach, and liver complaint s i n every stage, are only aggravated and able accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly cur by Du Barry's health•re.toring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cues which had been con sidered hopeless, such as —cough, asthma, also diarrheas, hmaiorrholds, liver complaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noses in the head and ear., rheum tism, gout, im purities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irrit ibility, sleepless ness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness, even in preg nancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains in the pit of the stomach and between the shou'ders, &c. We quote a few :—Cure No. 46,276. 11rJames Roberts, timber merchant, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of Wood, liver derangement, and p ar tial deainess.—Cure No. 47,121, Miss Elizabeth Jacob., of ex treme nervousness, indigestion, gather:ngs; low spirit., and nervous fancies. —Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, lord lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. —No. 19,832. Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting—Maria Joly —Cure No. 51,816. The Rev, James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpid ity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment.— ' In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ;21b., 4s. 6d ; Mb., lls.; 121 b., 225. ; ?,41b. 408. —Barry Du Barry and C0.,N0. 77, Regent-street, London; also fbilli tea dealers, 4, King William-street ; likewise at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate street Within ; 63, 1.50, and 298, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 103, Tottenham-court-r oa d ; 94 , Upper-street, Islington, N. ; Harvey, ; Close Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's-weod, London ; and all respectable grocers and elle mists.—Beware of spurious imitations. The late Fatal Collision in the Channel. - -a-- - BOARD OF TRADE INQUIRY. DOVER, Saturday. The inquiry into the late catastrophe in the Chan nel was resumed this day at the Town-hall, Dover. His worship the Mayor (Mr. W. Mummery) occu pied the chair, and there were also on the bench Sir Luke Smithett and Dr. Astley, and the two nautical assessors, Captains Harris and Baker. George Fredk. Argles, examined by Mr. O'Dowd, said—l am marine manager to the Hercules Insur ance Company. I was a passenger on board the Samphire on the night of the 13th. I am the author of a letter inserted in the Times, dated Dec. 23, re ferring to this unfortunate affair. The night was calm and dark—not unusually so—but not hazy. I went into the cabin for refreshments and remained a quarter of an hour below. I then came on deck, and remained there until the collision took place, which was about 10 minutes afterwards. On look ing aft I saw the South Foreland lights. I adhere to the statement with regard to the weather that I made irr my letter. I was about midships when the collision took place. I was not in a position to see a vessel approaching ahead of the steamer. I did not notice whether the Samphire had a proper look out. There might have been an efficient look-out for all I know. I saw the bark before the collision took place. I could not swear whether I saw her lights.. I discovered her when the captain of the ISamphire called out " hard a port." She-was just coming on us. I saw the bark for about 10 minutes after the vessels separated. I should judge the bark must have gone a quarter of a mile before I lost sight of her. When the collision took place the whole scene on board the Samphire was confusion and uproar. I founded my statement in the papers, " The gallant crew displayed their coolness and in trepidity by taking possession of the boats and leaving the captain and several ladies and children, and all the other passengers, except those few who by pure physical force got into the boats, to their fate," on a statement made by the:captain when we were making a raft. The statement was that the captain would not lend any assistance, as he had "only one man left." With regard to my assertion that the fireman had left, and "we ran the chance of being blown up as well as drowned," I founded it upon the same statement. I saw two boats lowered. They were both the after boats. I saw how the lowering tackle of the boat thatwasswamped acted. I assisted to swing her round. There was a rush towards the boat, and several persons caught hold of the two tackles. The fore tackle went down first, but the after tackle would not act. There were persons in the boat before it was lowered, and the captain and I with others endeavoured to prevent them getting into the boat. One of the persons in the boat was the Russian nobleman who was drowned. I saw two other persons taken out of the water. There were some ladies on the deck when this scene of confusion took place, and there was nothing done to save them. It was a scramble for the boats. I believe the captain in:his endeavours to keep the persons out of the boat that was lost said he wished to reserve it for the ladies. I did not assist in lowering the other boat that I have mentioned. I made the state ment regarding the plug of the boat in the Times from what I was told by the correspondent of the Illustrated London News, who was on board the boat at the time. The captain did all he could under the circumstances, and was most active and energetic. I did not see him go into the water. I asked the steward if they had any rockets, guns, or blue lights on board, and he replied that they were all forward. On re-consideration, the remark I heard the captain make with regard to the absence of his men was not made when the raft was in course of construction, but immediately after the Russian nobleman was drowned, in reply to the interroga tion of the passengers, " Can nothing be done for him ?" I only saw two lights on deck after the col lision, one of which was carried in the captain's hand, and the other in the steward's. They were ordinary sea lamps. I asked the steward if he had any lights, and he replied they were all forward. I know nothing of the strength or seaworthiness of the Samphire. I meant, when I asserted that " she was not fit for such a service," with regard to her lights and equipments, and not to the vessel herself. I saw the Belgian mail steamer passing, and we hailed her. We all shouted together. I believe that had we had a gun, rocket, or blue light we should have obtained assistance much sooner. The captain and steward waved their lanterns to attract the attention of the Belgian steamboat when she was passing us ; the whistle was sounded during the whole time. I was actuated by no personal feeling towards anyone in writing the letter in question. I thought it was a public duty. Examined by Mr. Knocker—l mean when I say the Samphire was deficient in her light and equip ments—the blue lights, guns, and rockets, and life buoys. Captain Harris to Mr. Knocker—Why do you not disprove this statement ? Mr. Knocker thought the Court had sufficient evidence upon the matter. It had been proved in evidence that there was a magazine on board. Capt. Baker—The witness does not dispute that they had them on board, but he does not think they should have been put in one place. Witness—l think if the signal apparatus had been available we should have obtained assistance sooner. The tackle for lowering one of the boats was out of order, I do not know how it became full. The diffi culty in lowering the boat might have been caused through the unskilfulness of the hands employed in lowering it. Mr. Knocker—Would it have been proper to have left the boats in the hands of the passengers, that all the crew might remain on board the, steamer with the captain? Witness—l believe that on such a calm night as that the boats could have been safely intrusted with the passengers. I don't believe the captain ordered the crew to get into the boats. I don't believe a cap tain who knew his business would do so under the circumstances. Ido not know that if rockets and blue lights are kept on deck when they are wanted they are unserviceable. I think myself qualified to give an opinion upon where the rockets and blue lights should be kept. I think some of them ought to be kept in the captain's cabin on deck. If there is no captain's cabin, then they ought to be distri buted in various parts of the vessel. Examined by Mr. Fox—l am the marine manager of an insurance company, but I have had no expe rience in nautical matters. In the first part of my letter I expressed my astonishment at the remarks appended to the verdict of the jury, " expressing their admiration of the captain and crew for the coolness and intrepidity displayed by them." Ido not mean this to be applied to the conduct of the captain subsequent to the collision. I don't think there was a proper look out kept. It is an infe rence of my own, drawn from the state of the night. I know not what look out was kept on the night in question. I did not express my astonish ment at the captain's conduct either before or after the collision, but because a proper look out was not kept, and at the remarks of the coroner's jury. In the next paragraph in my letter I say, " I owe it as a public duty to give my version of the affair." I wish the readers of my letter to under stand that the facts detailed by me were based upon my own knowledge of the affair. I considered as life was jeopardised I had a right to give my opinion as to how it was jeopardised. I had no opportunity of seeing the chief mate on board, therefore I don't know whether he went into the first boat. Ido not know to my own knowledge that the first boat was sent on shore for assistance. If a boat is sent on a special mission by the captain it should be properly manned. I can't say whether a boat was dispatched to the bark for assistance. I can't form any opinion whether it would have been proposed to have sent the boat to the bark for assistance. If the captain had sent a boat for assistance it should be properly manned. I did not hear the captain give any orders for a boat to go round and pick up those that were in the water. I did not notice any lifebuoys at the afterpart of the deck. Some of the passengers might have taken them. I cannot say how many persons, or who they were, assisted in building the raft. I cross the Channel about a dozen times in the year, but I do not know whether I have travelled in Cap tain Bennett's boat before. By the Mayor—l was not aware that the boat went and brought assistance at the time I wrote the letter. The Court here retired for five minutes, and on their return, Mr. Fox addressed the Bench, and said, with re gard to the error that had been inserted in the Times which he complained to the Court of yesterday, and as he made some strong remarks upon it, he was now glad to see that the conductor of that paper had in a most honourable manner corrected it. [Here Mr. Fox read the correction from the Times of Saturday, which submitted the word " efficient " for " deficient."] The Times had done all that they possibly could in the matter, and he was perfectly satisfied. Mr. O'Dowd said he had carefully perused the reports of this inquiry in the papers, and he found in all other respects they had been given with very great accuracy. Frederick Nalder, examined by Mr. O'Dowd—l am secretary to the European Bank. I was on board the Samphire on the night of the 13th. It was a dark night, but not unusually so for December. I was on deck all the time of ter leaving the Admiralty pier. I saw a light astern on shore. I saw, when the collision took place, a light, but am not positive as to its colour, being much confused. I saw a boat put over the side of the steamer, and it turned bottom upwards. We tried to set it right. I saw one or two persons in the boat. One of the persons on board said, " Do let the ladies get in the boats." Soon after I found myself in the water, and I endeavoured to get away from other persons that were in the water with me. I got hold of an oar and swam round the paddlebox and against the vessel about half way between the bow and the paddlebox. I do not know how I came in the water. I subsequently saw the Bel gian boat passing us. We could see her lights very plainly. I remained on board the Samphire until the Belgian boat came to our assistance. Captain Bennett's conduct was most commendable under the very trying circumstances, _ Cross-examined by Mr. Knocker—l assisted in lowering the boat that was swamped. There was not sufficient assistance to lower it quickly. I saw two lights carried about. Mr. Fox said he did not propose to ask this wit ness any questions. Examined by Mr. Edwards—The engines were going up to the time of the collision. By Captain Harris—l was looking down at the engines when the collision took place, and lam positive the , engines were not reversed. From the position I was standing in I could not see who was on the bridge. The, engines were very soon reversed after the collision. Ido not know how long the engines remained reversed, though I continued standing at the same place. After the first rush was over, the passengers were well behaved. By the Mayor—l did not hear the steamer's whistle before the collision. Mr. Knocker stated that, in consequence of the evidence that had been taken regarding the equip ments of the boats of the Samphire, he intended to adduce evidence showing that the boats were fully equipped, the lights were all right, and that there were more lights used after the collision than had been stated by the witnesses. William Henry Wood, a coastguardsman, said he was stationed at Casemates. He remembered the night of the 13th inst. It was dark and hazy. It is entered as such in the Coastguard journal. (The journal, or logbook, was here handed into court.) The witness then read from the journal to the fol lowing effect:—" Dec. 13, light north-easterly airs and hazy at midnight ; light easterly airs and hazy, sunset." He could see a bright light a mile and a quarter to seaward. He Meant masthead lights. He did not think he could see lights further than a quarter of a mile. He could see the gas lights on the Admiralty pier, which was about a mile distant from where he was stationed. He could not see them plain. He saw thered light of a steamer cross ing the bay about half a mile distant. This was about 10 minutes to 11. He held the rank of a commission boatman. The Court adjourned until to-morrow. Before the breaking up of the Court the Times.' reporter complained of the accusation Capt. Baker was reported by some of the daily papers to have made as to the inaccuracy of his reports, and that gentleman denied having made such statements. Trial of Jefferson Davis• Many of the leading Northern journals are discussing the approaching trial of this eminent personage, for high treason, with a great deal of earnestness. The views taken by the various journals aro diverse and conflicting. Some are willing he should go scot free ; others think he should be formally tried and convicted, in order to stamp judicial opprobrium upon the "so-called" right of seces sion, with a view to his immediate pardon and banish ment from the country; while the more virulent (we are rejoiced to say they are few in number) clamor for the blood of a frail, weak, debilitated old man, who possesses as noble traits as ever adorned human nature, whose sands of life aro rapidly running out, and whose pride of cha racter and fixedness of soul have kept him alive thus long despite the tremendous cares, anxieties, and sufferings that have pressed upon him more weightily than few mortal men have been ever called upon to endure. From all we can gather, the idea seems to be universally entertained at the North that President Johnson will never consent to the execution of Mr. Davis, even if he should be tried, convicted, and sentenced to death; that, should this event occur, he will at once interpose the presidential pardon; and that what prevents him from setting Mr. Davis free at once is his idea of a State necessity, which demands that the first judicial tribunal of the land should pass upon, define, and specify, for the guidance of those who are to come after us, what penalty should attach to the alleged crime of treason, as exemplified in the acts of secession, which led to the unexampled and bloody con vulsions of the last four or five years. There are a great many of us who believe that there was no crime involved in the various acts of secession ; but as that question has been decided by a power from which there is no earthly appeal, and as the Southern people have accepted the arbitration of the sword honestly and in good faith, of course the idea of future acts of the kind cannot for a moment be entertained without a violation of plighted honor, which our citizens will never be guilty of. Therefore we can see no necessity for a court in the United States, the highest in the land, being called to adjudicate upon a dead issue. Still, however, if the President is determined upon it, we suppose the case will be decided and a judgment had. Perhaps the Presi dent, knowing that there will be never more any secession in the South, wishes the authoritative mandate of a judi cial decision for the benefit of some of the Eastern States ! it is well known that Chief Justice Chase has been con sulted by the President with express reference to this sub ject. The New York World, of a late date, holds out the opinion that the Chief Justice, not being a thoroughgoing lawyer, either by practice or inclination, is rather afraid to meet the great men who, it is understood, are engaged as counsel for Mr. Davis; that he feels his legal inferiority; and that his refusal, according to uncontradicted report, to hold a court in Richmond, which is in his individual dis trict, for the purpose of bringing on the trial, is based on reasons like these. The following is the conclusion of the World's article, after azguing that the assumed right of secession had been irreversibly settled by the sword, in which all are agreed, and citing the various defences the counsel of Mr. Davis may set up : "The only other line of defence not purely technical is that founded on the nature of belligerent rights. There is, indeed, involved here an important question on which it is desirable to have an authoritative judicial decision. When a rebellion expands to such proportions that the usages of war, as determined by the law of nations, come into play, and the benefit of these usages are conceded to the insur gents by the Government rebelled against, are they there after individually liable to the penalties of treason ? This question cannot be regarded as settled in any such irrever sible way as the assumed right of secession. If it is this which the President wishes to have decided, we can under stand his solicitude."—New Orleans Delta. GENERAL GRANT'S REAL NAME. —The Milwaukie News says that a prominent and reliable citizen of Wis consin was told by General Sherman, when on his recent visit to Milwaukie, that General Grant's real name is Hiram S. Grant, and not Ulysses S. Grant, as he is usually de signated. General Sherman stated that the name by which General Grant goes was acquired by the blunder of the member of Congress, who recommended General Grant for the military academy, when he handed in the name of Gen. Grant to the Secretary of War. After his appointment to West Point the embryo Lieutenant- General endeavored to secure a correction of the error, but the officers of the academy declined to do so for the want of authority, and referred the matter to the War Depart ment, where, for some reason, it was neglected. The modest student of military tactics finally flanked the difficulty by assuming the name which accident and the official record assigned him. His mother, however, never forgot to call him " Hiram," and Ulysses never fails to respond to the " call." Whatever of truth there may be in the statement we cannot 'Ay Singular Inquiry at Sunderland. For a considerable period (says the Northern Express) rumours have been wafted about in shipping circles as to the prevalence of flash lights on Whit burn Steel, which some persons, in fact, have been bold enough to assert were intentionally placed there as decoys for unwary mariners. From what cause they arise, or by whom exhibited, cannot at present be determined ; but certain it is that during the last few months an incredible number of homeward bound vessels have been decoyed in-shore by these lights, and, before they could again be " hauled" round to sea, have been dashed upon the fatal spot where the fury of the waves speedily rendered them total wrecks. Two or three wrecks might fre quently be seen lying together, and the reports raised being greatly detrimental to the fishermen of Whitburn, a full and complete investigation was demanded, not only by them, but by the pilots of Sunderland as well—the latter actually petition ing the Trinity-house to place a flash light on Souter Point, as that was deemed the only effectual remedy. With a view to clear up this mystery, Rear-Admiral Collinson, C. 8., and Captain Lam bert, elder brethren of the Trinity-house, visited the neighbourhood on Wednesday, and made every possible inquiry concerning the matter ; but at no definite conclusion could they arrive. They also visited Sunderland North Pier in the evening, ac companied by Capt. Kirby, 'R.N., master of the coastguard, in order to view the gasworks, near Whitburn, which some one had alleged to be the cause of the lights ; but their glarefailing to be dis tinguished, the idea was somewhat reluctantly aban doned. An official inquiry, conducted by Mr. W. Wilcox, collector of customs and receiver of wrecks, was held before Admiral Collinson, on Thursday, in the Sunderland Custom-h ou d e . There were also present Capt. Lambert ; Capt. Kirby, R.N. ; Mr. Joseph Jerome, chief officer of the coastguard ; Mr. Robert Blair, Tyne Pilotage Board ; Mr. J. R. Hodge, Sunderland pilot master ; Ald. Givens ; Mr. Cooper Abbs, Rock-lodge ; Rev. G. C. Abbs, Clea don ; and Rev. C. Hutchinson, of Whitburn ; the four last named gentlemen having attended in com pliance with a request made by Sir Hedworth Wil liamson, M.P., in order to watch the interests of the fishermen. Mr. Frank Mills, a coastguards man, was the first witness called, and he stated that one night about three weeks ago he observed in a field south-east of Whitburn what appeared to be two lights flashing upon the banks. He was pre paring to follow when they suddenly disappeared. Mr. Robert Morrison, master of the Monkwear mouth Dock, said he was in the habit of going along the North Pier at all hours of the night when any rough weather was apprehended, and at such times, in looking towards Whitburn, had frequently seen a revolving light, which, but for the distance, might easily have been mistaken for that of Tynemouth. Mr. C.Abbs was the next witness, and remarked that his residence, Rock-lodge, was about two-thirds of a mile above the North-pier, and in close proximity to Whitburn, consequently his win dows commanded a full view of the entire bay from Souter Point. The house was about the same height above the level of the sea as the North-pier Light house, 'viz., between 70 and 80 feet, and, during the 10 or 12 years he had resided there, it had been his constant practice to observe the appearance of the weather, note objects along the coast, and daily glance at the sea ; but he could safely aver that he never observed anything resembling a light that could be mistaken for that on Tynemouth Castle. He had, however, frequently seen a light shining from a window of Mr. Wilcox's house at Whitburn, which looked directly south, and could not be seen any distance out at sea. When vessels were round ing Souter Point from the north their masts were visible long before the hull, and consequently when they carried a white light at the masthead it might easily be mistaken for a flashing light, particularly when passing the irregularities on the shore about that spot; therefore it is probable that that might account for the flashes alleged to have been seen at Souter by parties on Sunderland North-pier. He did not think any one could go to the beach with a lantern withoutbeingoverhauledby the coastguards men, who kept a sharp look-out at that spot. Mr.. N. Cooke, mas ter of the steam-tug Vigilant, and Mr. P. Saunders, master of the Tom Bowline, de posed to having seen lights exhibited on Whitburn Steel, which they believed were intended to decoy vessels. Captain Jerome Major, of the schooner Test, of Southampton, which went ashore on Nov. 24th, said he observed two lights, which he first thought resembled those at Tynemouth, but after wards imagined them to proceed from two vessels at anchor. On approaching them, however, he dis covered he had allowed his vessel to run close in shore, and she struck before he could bring her round. Capt. C. Adams, of the brig Token, which went ashore Oct. 15, while running from Amsterdam to Shields, said he first made the land about six in the morning, when a little off Whitby, and all went well until he made for what he supposed to be Tyne mouth light, when he unfortunately ran his vessel ashore at Whitburn. When the vessel struck he saw a light brought along the coast in that direction, and after being over his decks, was taken away to wards the village. Two cobles attempted to put off to his assistance, but were unable to do so in con sequence of the force of the waves, and the lifeboat had ultimately to be manned. About three quarters of an hour after his own vessel struck he observed another one drawing rapidly in the same direction, but he fortunately apprised the captain of his danger through a fog trumpet, and she stood out to sea. Mr. C. Hutchinson, who resided in the easternmost house in Whitburn, was in the habit of being on the shore and on the sea all hours of the night, but had never seen any light likely to mislead homeward bound vessels. Mr. Hodge, pilot master, said the Sunder land pilots wished to make no further statements to what they had already made, and declined to be examined. They had frequently stated, however, that they had seen a strange light atWhitburn for 30 years, but never so frequently as during the past few months. They had been misled by it on many occasions, but on nearing the coast to discern whence it proceeded, had lost sight of it entirely. in consequence of their representations, he had rid den over to Whitburn to try and unravel the mys tery, but had failed to discover anything. Mr. Jerome, chief officer of the coastguards, observed a bright light in the direction of Whitburn on Tuesday night while walking near Roker battery, but on walking in that direction it disappeared. He had been five years in the neighbourhood, but, with this exception, he never saw any revolving lights before. The gentlemen from the Trinity House then said their inquiry was merely preliminary in order to see if any lights were to be seen at Whitburn which could be dangerous to shipping, and, if so, to suggest a pro per remedy. They had not assembled for the purpose of endeavouring to criminate any one. The inquiry was then for the present concluded, after a pro tracted sitting of nearly four. hours. CALCULATIONS OF SOUTHERN POLITICIANS.—" Agate," of the Cincinnati Gazette, asked soma of the Georgia politicians why they so confidently counted Presi dent Johnson on their side, and this was the answer : "We think him on our side because of what he has done, and what we know him to be. Last spring you can form no conception of the utter, abject humiliation of the Southern people. We were all prostrate, helpless, and abased to the dust, but out of this abject condition Mr. Johnson has partly lifted us. He has made us feel that we have some standing ground, some chance still to battle for our rights ; and for this there has new sprung up throughout the whole South a warm feeling of regard and gratitude. Johnson knows this. He knows that if he continues in this way, he will be able in 1868 to count on the South as a unit for his re-election. There would be no thought of contest : he would be nominated by accla mation. Now, he is a man of strong will and boundless ambition. Of course he wants to be re-elected. He does'nt want to quit the stage as an accidental President. And he knows perfectly well that, with the South as a unit at his back, his enormous patronage will enable him to carry New York and Pennsylvania, and defy the whole black Repub lican pack. Those States will be enough to elect him and a blind man could see the game, and Andy Johnson has got plenty of nerve to play it." GENERAL Ii‘CLELLAN AT DRESDEN.—The hero of the Peninsula and Antietam compaigns, who vexed the soul of Lincoln and became the idol of the Peace Dem•cracy at Chicago, is now basking in the rays of royal favor at Dresden. The King of Saxony recently granted him a special interview and audience at the palace of Dresden, and at a grand party given by M. Von Beust, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Saxony, on the 14th inst., in honor of the King's birthday. General M'Clellan and Consul Cameron were the only Americans invited. THE GALE. - Yesterday morning a violent storm of wind and rain from the south-west broke over London. At 2 o'clock it was very severely felt in Camberwell and Clapham, where considerable damage was done to property. The gas was blown out in the lamps and the district was left in darkness. On the Thames several boats were forced from their moorings. A barge laden with grain, in charge of a lighterman, was forced against a buoy near Hermitage-pier, and turned over, but fortunately the lighterman was saved as well as the cargo. The roofs of several houses in the vicinity of Woolwich were partially blown off, and the inhabitants assert that they never experienced such a violent storm. Boats and barges were driven ashore and much injury done. At Portsmouth the strong south-westerly gale which set in on the south coast on Friday continued to blow with undiminished strength from the same quarter until early on the following morning, when the wind veered to the north-west, and moderated from a gale to a strong wind, with a clear atmo sphere, up to nearly sunset on Saturday. After sunset the wind broke out again from the south west. As the night closed in it rose to a furious hurricane, which, accompanied with rain and sleet, continued through the night and until noon, when it slightly veered westward and very much mode rated. Several large vessels, outward-bound, ran into the Motherbank, St. Helen's, and Spithead an chorages from the Channel for shelter, but no serious casualties seaward were reported. The Victoria Pier barometer (Negretti and Zambra's seacoast) ranged as follows during the past five days, the readings having been taken at 10 a.m. Dec. 27th, 30.38 ; 28th, 30.0 ; 29th, 29.50 ; 30th, 29.82 ; and 31st, 29.50. On the 31st at 4 p.m., the reading was 29.50. At Chatham, for several hours during the early part of Saturday morning, the force of the wind was unusually great, the pressure, as shown by the pa tent anemometer kept at the Government establish ment, being as much as from 251 b. to 301 b. to the square foot. In anticipation of the gale having abated, many of the vessels which had taken refuge during the previous night inside the Isle of Graine put to sea, but on Saturday afternoon many had returned with loss of spars, bowsprits, &c. Yes terday there was an unusually large squadron of colliers and other merchant vessels lying safe at anchor at Blackstakes, and near the entrance to the harbour, riding out the gale. The Great Eastern suffered not the slightest damage on Friday night, and during last night steam was again got up in anticipation of the gale continuing. With extra anchors down, and every precaution taken for her safety, the great ship will, no doubt, ride out this gale, as she has hitherto done all previous storms since she has been at her present anchorage ground in the Medway. At dusk last evening the force of the wind had sensibly abated as the weather mode rated, the mercury standing at 29.15, showing a rise of 3.loths since the morning. Many of the vessels have already put to sea, and others are preparing to get under way. During the height of the gale some new houses which were in course of erection at New Brompton had their roofs crrried away and the fronts blown in, while in Rochester several roofs were stripped of lead. The gale raged with great fury in the neighbourhood of Rainham, two large elms being uprooted and some damage done to several houses. The weather was so rough in the Channel yes terday that the South-Eastern Railway Company's passenger boats between Folkestone and Boulogne did not venture to sea. The Scotsman states that on Friday afternoon a very severe gale of wind passed over Edinburgh. The weather in the forenoon was mild and pleasant, but shortly after noon a strong wind rose, which in the course of an hour had attained the violence of a hurricane. The gale raged with great fury for seve ral hours, and when at its height it was as fierce as any that have been experienced in this quarter for a considerable time past. The streets during the prevalence of the high wind presented a most un wonted appearance, and foot passengers were ex posed to great danger. The extreme force of the wind may be imagined from the fact of several cabs and carriages having been overturned while being driven through the town. Towards evening the gale moderated, and the night, although cold, was clear and beautiful. The American Press on the President's Message. - Probably no executive document was ever awaited with greater interest. It is safe to say that none ever gave greater satisfaction when received. Its views on the most momentous subjects, domestic and foreign, that ever con cerned the nation, are 'full of wisdom, and are conveyed with great force and dignity. . . . The whole docu ment is one of which every American may well be proud, for its elevation of tone, its practical wisdom, and its quiet exhibition of the national strength and glory. It will be admired not only at home, but cannot fail of making a most favorable impression all over the civilised world.— New York Times. It is a pleasure to read his clear, striking sentences, the undisguised utterances of a man who thus appreciates his position and duties. The style of the message places it very far above anything of its kind for many years. It is able, vigorous, and, as it approaches the conclusion, rises to eloquence seldom equalled, perhaps never surpassed, in any American State paper. It will take rank among the noble documents of our history ; and we may be pardoned the expression of a hope that it is the inauguration of a re turn to that style of message which has not for a long period been in use at Washington, but which will be acceptable to all cultivated men who admire and cherish purity and elegance in the English language.—New f ork Journal of Commerce. The President's message will commend itself to the special attention of the reader and to the general approval of the American people. It is a smoothly written State paper. It embodies a clear, frank, and unreserved exposi tion of the views and purposes by which he has been guided in his policy of Southern restoration, an encourag ing exhibit of the state of the country and various recom mendations to Congress upon the leading questions of the day which mark the earnest patriot, the sagacious and experienced statesman, and the steadfast and consistent man of the people.—New York Herald. 0 On all his topics the President is frank, dignified, direct, and manly. We do not recall a single ambiguous sentence in the whole document. He is not as strong and decided as we expected from the energy of his character, or as the circumstances would warrant, in his treatment of recon struction. He defers more to the opinion of Congress than we supposed ho would. His previous course had led us to hope that he would insist upon as rapid a restoration of the political relations of the South as might be compatible with safety. The passage of the constitutional amend ment, which really removes the whole ground of contro versy, we imagined, would be made his single condition, sine qua non, his test of loyalty, his means of general con ciliation and settlement. But he abandons the entire mat ter to Congress, with a simple history of what he had himself done.—New York Evening Post. No intelligent citizen will fail to read, thoroughly and thoughtfully, the message of President Johnson. It is marked by clearness and simplicity, compactness and force of style. The President will carry;the people with him in the manifest spirit as well as the logic of the document, and his frank appeal for support and confidence will have a hearty response. —Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican. The message, as a whole, will, we feel contidint, be ap proved by the supporters of the Administration generally, both in and out of Congress.—Cincinnati Gazette. The general tone of the Message may be described as politic, cautious, patriotic, and dignified. Altogether it is able, and will be read with considerable satisfaction by nearly the entire people.—Chicago Tribune. In its errors in doctrine and errors in fact, its unsound ethics and its unsound politics, its partial views and its extreme ones, the Message is a very accurate representa tive of the prevailing intellectual and moral confusion of the times.—Cincinnati Enquirer. The reader will not learn any more of the purposes of the Executive than he knew before, as far as Federal power and state rights are concerned. Ho scribbles about republicanism, State rights, and all that, but he does not mean anything particularly.—Louisville Democrat. There is throughout the document such a vein of good sense, such sterling patriotism, such deference to the con stitution, and so much conscientiousness in the discharge of Executive duties, and the whole country will rejoice that a man so worthy of the high duty was proposed by the people to take upon himself the duties that the law as signed him on the death of Mr. Lincoln.—Louisville Press. The President dwells in an atmosphere o1;;;;;;;;on: He dismisses all passion as utterly unworthy of the great occasion, and yet it is easy to perceive howardent, intense even, are his feelings, buthow perfectly he controls them. The first message of Andrew Johnson to the Congress of the United States will place him upon a higher pedestal than he has ever before occupied before the country and the world. Louisville Journal. The President meets every question unflinchingly, and with a frank manliness that eminently characterises the Man. The heresy of Mate severoignty, ao attempted to be taught and practised by the leaders of the South and the Democratic party, is pretty thoroughly exploded. The great problem of reconstruction is argued, and the present policy justified ; but the President cheerfully yields to Con gress the right and province to determine the whole matter.—Leavenworth, Conservative. His defence of the policy, is terse, clear, and ingenious. He brings it and its results to Congress, and leaves with that body the responsibility of accepting or rejecting it. He enters into no discussion of the consequences of rejec tion. He makes no intimation as to what his course will be should Southern members be denied admission. As we have said, it was much to be desired that he should, in connection with this subject, have made some reference to the future as well as the past.—Chicago Times. - Upon tho whole, we think the country, in view of the doubts and uncertainties of the past six months, will feel veiy grateful for the message. It is exceedingly well written, and betrays that earnest thought and deliberation which is characteristic of the President. It will prove more gratifying because of the total absence of any spirit of resistance or defiance to the well-known wishes of the people in the matter of reconstruction ; and because, therefore, it promises the utmost harmony between the Executive and the National Legislature.—Chicago Repub lican. COUNTRY MARKETS NORWICH-SATURDAY. The market to-day was fairly supplied with wheat, and prices barely supported. Malting barley maintained late rates, other descriptions ruled dull. White wheat (weighing 631 b to 641 b), 50s to 54s ; red ditto (weighing 631 b to 651 b), 50s to 52s ; best malting barley (weighing 551 b to 561 b), 30s to 33s ; runs ditto (weighing 541 b to 551 b), 28s to 30s ; distilling ditto (weigh ing 521 b to 531 b), 24s to 26s ; oats, 24s to 26s ; beans, 37s to 39s ; peas (maple), 36s to 38s per qr ; flour, 33s to —s Od per sack. YORK-SATURDAY. There was a moderate supply of wheat at market to-day. The supply of barley tolerable for the season, and prices nominally unchanged. Oats limited, at late rates. Beans at late rates. New white wheat, 50s to 54s ; new red, 46s to 49s per 36 stone. Barley, for malting, 33s to 368 per qr ; grinding, 308 to 32s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 26s to 28s per 24 stone. Beans, 40s to 42a per 40 stone. Malt, 62s ; rye, 30s per qr. Flour, 36s to 38s per sack of 2801 b. NO T T INGHAM—SATURDAY. At our corn exchange to-day the show of wheat was tolerable, there being a sprinkling of white and red sorts. Barley inactive, and prices were about the same. Oats at previous prices. Beans quiet trade at late rates. Old white wheat, 55s to 60s ; old red, 50s to 53s ; new white, 52s to 58s ; new red, 47s to 49s per 36 stone. Bar ley, old malting, 32s to 40s per qr ; old grinding, 26s to 28s ; new, -s to —s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 27s to 30s ; new, 20s to 25s ; old foreign, 22s to 27s per stone. Beans, old, 48s to 52s ; new, 40s to 43s per 38 stone. Super flour, 37s to 39s ; fine, 34s to 36s per2o stone. LEICESTER—SATURDAY. We had less wheat than usual at to-day's market ; fine sorts steady at recent prices, damp rather lower. Barley at late rates. Beans short, and late rates difficult to make. Oats little change. Old white wheat, 55s to 56s ; old red, 50s to 52s ; new white, 50s to 52s ; new red, 46s to 49s per 36 stone. Bar ley, malting, 34s to 39s per qr. ; grinding, 28s to 30s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 28s to 32s ; new, 20s ,to 25s,per 24 stone. Beans, old, 46s to 51s ; new, 42s to 46s per 38 stone. CORK—FRIDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :—Red wheat, 95 9d to lOs 1d ; white, 9s 9d to lls 3d ; barley, 7s to 7s 10d ; oats, 8s Od to 8s 6d ; black oats, 7s 4d to 7s 7d; bore, Gs Od to 6s 6d. WEST LONDON RIFLES AND . LONDON SCOTTISH RIFLES.—A match was fired et Wimbledon on Thursday last between six members of the West London and six mem bers of the London Scottish (all upholsterers), which re sulted in a victory for the West London by six points— seven shots at 200, 500, and 600 yards. RESTORATION OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT IN SOUTH CAROLINA.—James L. Orr was duly inaugurated as Governor of South Carolina, at Columbia, on the 6th inst. Provisional Governor Perry took part in the proceedings, and made a farewell address to the Legislature, which makes it evident that the President has recalled his order to Mr. Perry to continue to hold his office. The adoption of the anti-slavery constitutional amendment by the Legis lature probably satisfied the President that the State is sufficiently reconstructed to be trusted with its own Governor. Governor Perry said in his farewell address --‘, I am sure, gentlemen, that I may say with perfect pro priety, as the representative of the Federal Government, in South Carolina, that the state has done enough to en title her to be received back as a member of the Federal Union, with all of her constitutional rights fully restored. As soon as the President's proclamation was issued, the people of South Carolina went cheerfully forth and took the amnesty oath. They promptly assembled in conven tion, under the order of the Provisional Governor, and re formed their State Convention, as was desired by the Pre sident. They abolished slavery, and freely gave up their two hundred millions invested in slaves. When advised to adopt the congressional amendment to the constitution of the United States abolishing slavery, South Carolina was the first Southern State which ratified the same, and set an example for her sister states to follow. She has has been first, also, in preparing a wise and humane code of laws for the p;otection of the freedmen in all their rights of personal property, and allowing them to give testimony in her courts of justice. She has now elected her repre sentatives in both Houses of Congress, and commissioned them to take their seats in that body. She has organised a perfect State Government, with legislative, executive, and judiciary departments, all Republican in their charac ter, and the members of each swearing to support the con stitution of the United States. Her ordinances of seces sion have been repealed, and she now pledges herself to stand by .the Union in good faith and with all sincerity." Governor Orr said in his augural address that secession and slavery had been forever destroyed by the war, reaffirmed the assertion made by Mr. Perry, and said of President Johnson :—" The clemency which President Johnson has so generously extended to many of our citizens, in granting full and free pardon for participation in the late revolution does honour to his statesmanship and to his sense of jus tice. He is the ruling power of a great and triumphant Government, and by his policy will attach by cords stronger than triple steel' the citizens of one entire section of the Union to that government which he has so long and so ably supported and maintained. He was well acquainted with the South, with her politics and politicians, and, knew, however erroneous in his judgment may have been their political principles, that they honestly entertained the sentiments which they professed, and for which they perilled their all; and after failing in their end, when they proposed to return to their loyalty, that humanity and policy dictated that they should not be hunted down for ignominious punishment. I shall give this policy of reconstruction an earnest and zealous support." Go vernor Orr earnestly recommended legislation to pro tect the persons and property of the freedmen, and to allow them to testify in the courts. He praised their good conduct during the war, and said :—" If there be reasons to complain that the negro has been emancipated, in derogation of the right and interest of the owner, such complaint cannot be lodged against him ; whatever of ill feeling exists in the minds of former. owners for the present state of affairs, it is not just that it should be visited on him. Interest and humanity require us to treat him kindly, and to elevate him, morally and intellectually ; and it will make him a better laborer, neighbor, and man. Suddenly relieved from the restraints of the servile condition in which he was born and reared, his ignorance can excite no surprise; nor can we hope that he will eschew vice and crime. If he is to live in our midst, none are so deeply interested in enlightening and elevating him as ourselves." [ADTERTISEMENT. Holloway's Pills. The Ready Remedy.—When winter sets in the human constitution undergoes many trials, from some of which disease will spring unless the blood, repelled from the surface of the body, finds organs capable of receiving it and secretions adapted to consume it. This preservative power is admir ably displayed by proper doses of Holloway's pills, which relieve the liver, kidneys, and bowels from undue conges tion by immediately augmenting their secretions, and so diverting any surplus quantity of blood from a situation where its continued presence must be mischievous. With these pills, and an attentive perusal of their accompanying directions, neither great judgment nor much experience is required to conduct even the delicate through the trying time of winter. Births. OARLETON.—On the 24th ult., at Bath, the wife of Colonel Carleton, C. 8., R.A., of a son. Emas.—On the 29th ult., at Iver Moor, Bucks, the wife of Richard Ellis, Esq., of a son. Fox.—On the 28th ult., at Wellington, Somerset, the wifo of Thomas Fox, Esq., of a son. Marriages. HUNT—WAUGH.—On the 28th ult., at Christ Church, Lancaster-gate, William Holman Hunt, of Tor Villa, Campden-hill, to Fanny, eldest daughter of Geo. Waugh, of Queensborough-terrace, Kensington -gardens. TuCXER—SHAPLAND.—On the 28th ult., at South Molton, William Anil), son of George Tucker, Esq., of Walnut House, to Eve Charlotte Charity, daughter of John T. Satpland, Esq., solicitor, of South Molton. Deaths. COLE.—On the 29th ult., at Oldham, Hants, F. Cole, Esq., aged 79. DANEY.—On the 28th inst., at Hammersmith, Mr. Thos• Danby, aged 59. DIGWEED.—On the 28th ult., at Greywell, near Basing stoke, Francis W. Digweed, aged 84. HANNAY.—On the 29th ult., at 31, Tavistock-place, W.O-7 Margaret A. Thompson, wife of James Hannay, Esq., aged 33. HARRISON.—On the 29th ult., at 9, Gloucester-terrace, Re gent's-park, T. 0. Harrison, Esq., aged 54. HOOPER.—On the 29th ult., at Moreton-in-the-Marsh, Gloucestershire, Louisa Hooper, aged 74. VANE.—On the 29th ult., Major F. F. Vane, late of the 23d (Royal Welch) Fusiliers, aged 33. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS , of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN 01110 e, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of bilidleim—Monday, January 1,1866. at Thel R Th Friz( the o 1 A 01b1 4 Kit M li,i, 40 Free ] l fee, , three disc o , Inade 15 Yei envoi CI CI _^.--_. CI SP Prod l 6(1.. ; i nigh -this renlo: U a , actic at htara, i Gr i -nun, tural Post I [1 With° heck day ' thc, s Ale, ~.. ltl; t•~ . A si 4 Do t All Lill Post ;)r ouo Ike sulk C" ] quired 'COOrt tak en, Prie and 42 size rc PIL ileved ing,reei r eCeip , EI desorii be a t 41 Rol DEp o Clu s ages. !ion , a , 'ng th( Alt th e lea atalc,l ..1 - 1 ---- 6- 1)IJ THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY L