The Sun. — London, England, 1866-10-29 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelliz,ence. A general order of considerable importance in its relation to the infantry drill of the army has been issued from the Horse Guards. The order, signed by Adjutant-General Lord William Paulet, C. 8., by order of his Royal Highness the Duke of Cam bridge, Field-Marshal and General Commanding- in -Chief, directs that men belonging to infantry regiments, except such as have served over 15 years, or are excused by medical certificate, shall be ex ercised at " running drill" once a day. For the first fortnight the distance run is not to exceed 300 yards. For the second fortnight the distance may be in creased to 600 yards. For the third fortnight the distance may be increased to 900 yards. After the third fortnight's practice the distance may be in creased to 1,000 yards daily, with arms and accoutre ments carried on alternate days. The pace on all occasions not to exceed six miles an hour, nor must the 1,000 yards be attempted before the six weeks preliminary practice has been made over the shorter distances. Where the ground will admit the men are to run in single rank of 15 or 20 abreast, and otherwise by companies in fours. When a regiment has been sufficiently trained in running drill certain movements are then to be performed at " the double," except when the regiment is paraded for drill in marching order. A notification has been received stating that a de tachment of the depot of the 13th Hussars (which Regiment recently left England for Canada) will proceed from York to Colchester, and will be at tached to the King's Dragoon Guards. The strength of the detachment will be one officer and 14 men. In accordance with instructions from the Horse Guards a draught of two officers and 57 rank and file of the depot of the 2d battalion 16th Regiment are to be held in readiness to proceed to join the service companies in Barbadoes on a conveyance being provided. Two troops of the Ist Dragoon Guards have left Colchester for Norwich (where they arrived on Saturday) to form an escort for their Royal High- nesses the Prince and Princess of Wales during their visit to the Norwich Musical Festival The half-yearly inspection of the troops at Col chester having been completed a large number of officers of the garrison have been granted leave of absence until the end of the year. On Saturday Major-Gen. Sir D. A. Cameron, K.C.B. (president), Major-Gen. J. St. George, C. 8., Royal Artillery - , Director of Ordnance ; Com- missary-Gen.-in-Chief Sir W. J. Tyrone Power, K.C.B. ; Col. Commandant J. Clark Kennedy, C. 8., Military Train ; Purveyor-in-Chief J. Scott Robertson, Colonel L. Shadwell, Military Assistant at the War-office, and the other members of the commission for inquiring into the transport service of the army, with the view to its complete reorga nisation visited Chatham for the purpose of prose cuting their inquiries and investigations at that gar rison. The Commissioners were attended officially by Major J. Buckley, barrack-master ; Assist.- Commissary-Gen. A. A. Downes ; Superintendent of Stores A. Gun, and the officers connected with the :Quartermaster -General's department at that garrison. In the course of their investigations and inquiries the members of the commission visited Fort Pitt, the Ordnance Department, and other establishments, and were occupied in their investi gations until late in the afternoon, when they quitted the garrison and returned to London. One result of their inquiries will in all probability be the appointment of an assistant-quartermaster-ge neral, together with some other staff appointments at Chatham, to superintend the embarkation and disembarkation of the troops now constantly arriv ing at and leaving Gravesend—a duty which has hitherto been discharged by the ordinary garrison staff, upon whom these labours press, in addition to their duties, with very considerable severity. Thehalf-yearly muster of the battalions of Guards stationed in London will take place on the 19th proximo, on the Horse Guards Parade. Capt. I. Inglis, R.E., Inspector of Works, who met with a severe accident some months ago, which has ,incapacitated him from active duty since that period, has been appointed a member of the com mittee for the construction of fortresses and other defences of wrought iron. Major P. H. Scratchley, RE., who has been acting in the absence of Capt. Inglis, is therefore appointed Inspector of Works, with a residence in Woolwich Arsenal. The Rev. Hugh Huleatt, M.A., Chaplain to the Forces at Hounslow and Kneller-hall, is under orders to relieve the Rev. W. F. Hobson, senior chaplain at Woolwich, they having been permitted to exchange stations. Her !Majesty' s screw troops hi p T amar, C apt. F . 11. Sullivan, C. 8., arrived at Spithead at 7 a.m. yesterday, from the West Indies and North America, with officers and troops--invalided and time-expired —from the various reg i ments stationed in the North American provinces, with naval invalids,passengers, &c., from ships on the station. The ri pas senger and freight list comprised•—a Lin. Tamar 8 teut.-Col. Boothby, R.A., Capt. Bolton, R.A., Lieut. Grover, R.E. ; Lieut.-Col. Martin, Mrs. Martin, and Capt. Wilson, 2d battalion 4th ; Capt. Adcock,lst „bat talion 16th; Capt. Gardner, Ist ba . t s a t li b o a rt c . r 2d ; Capt. Vivian and Lieut. Western, h tv a n ton 25th ; Paymaster Dunlop, 47th ; Lieut. W ton, Royal Canadian Rifles, Mrs. Whittington,la Whitting ton, children ; Deputy Assist.-Com.-Gen. Stuart • Staff-Surg. Moffatt, Mrs. Moffatt, and two chil dren ; Assist.-Surg. Wolseley and Mrs. Wolseley ; Assist.-Surg. Ferguson, Mrs. Ferguson, and two children ; Assist-Surgeons Martin and Taylor ; Barrack-Master Shrapnel' and family ; Mr. Head, C.E., Government Clerk of Works, and Mrs. Head ; Mrs. Ffennell aid two children ; Mrs. Sinclair and five children ; Acting-Lieutenant Ellis, It. - N , on promotion ; Mr. Ross, late acting se cond master of her Majesty's ship Wolve rine ; 149 soldiers, 32 women, 48 children, and a number of naval invalids. The disembarca tion of the officers, troops, and seamen will be effected alongside Portsmouth dockyard this morn ing. The distribution of her Majesty's ships on the North American station when the Tamar left was as follows :--The Niger, screw sloop, at Mon treal ; the Duncan, screw line-of-battle ship, carry ing the flag of the commander-in-chief, Vice-Ad miral Sir James Hope, K.C.B. ; the Wolverine, screw corvette, and the Fawn, screw sloop, at Hali fax ; the Aurora, screw frigate, at Quebec. The Jason, screw corvette, left Sydney, Cape Breton, for a cruise on the 16th inst. On the 17th her Majesty's screw troopship Orontes arrived at Sydney, Cape Breton, and transferred the military invalids she had on board for England to the,Tamar. The Orontes was left by the Tamar at Sydney filling up coal, and appointed to sail for Bermuda, with the 61st Regiment on board, two days afterwards, and return thence to England with the 2d (Queen's) Regiment. The Tamar experienced strong westerly winds across the Atlantic, but made the passage home in 101 days. The Tamar, with her splendid eo modation as a troop-carrying steamer, re quires only filling up with coals and stores to place her again at the disposal of the Transport Depart ment for further Sheppard r h service at home or abroad. The Mary Government for e(alppard has been chartered by the conveyance of reinforcements for the Royal Artillery, Ist battalion of the 12th Regiment, 2d battalion the 14th Regiment, 2d battalion of the 18th (Rom yallrish) R eg i men t, 40th . Regiment, 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment, 57th Regiment, and other co r p s to-,ew Zealand, and is ordered to be in readiness to embark her officers and troops at Gravesend on the 15 t h of November. The Endymion, 24, unarmoured screw frigate, Capt. C. W. Wake, sailed from Spitheadyeaterday morning for the Mediterranean. The sloop corvette Reindeer, 7, 200-horse power, Mr. Wotton, m aster, in char g e, was p ut out of No, 4 dock, at Chatham, on Saturday afternoon, and warped alongside the floating sheers in the harbour. It was announced at Chatham yesterday that she is to be commissioned forthwith, her destination being, it is understood, the Pacific. She is complete both inboard and aloft. Her armament will be placed on board to-day. She is to be supplied with stores for 12 months. The hired transport Talavera, in Woolwich basin, commenced shipping on Saturday a cargo of gun carriages and building materials from the Royal Arsenal for Bermuda. The fo}lowing appointments were made on Satur- day at the Admiralty :—Captain the Hon. A. A. Cochrane, C. 8., to the Cumberland, vice G. W. Preedy, C. 8., appointed to the Royal Adelaide ; Commander E. Nares to the Reindeer, commis sioned ; Commander W. K. Bush to the Rinaldo, commissioned ; George P. Heather, master, to the Fisgard, for the Crocodile ; Hugh H. Hanny, master, to the Assurance ; William Horn, master, to the Rinaldo ; Charles Wotton, master, to the Reindeer; John G. O'Connell, master, to the Satellite ; Fred. Brady, paymaster, to the Pembroke ; George P. Martin, paymaster, to be secretary to Sir William Martin ; William 0. Bignell, paymaster, to the 1 Rinaldo ; Herbert H. Gain, paymaster, to the Sa tellite ; Charles Barrs, paymaster, to the Reindeer ; George Lawless, assist.-paymaster, to the Satellite; Edward B. D'lffanger, clerk, to the Rinaldo ; A. T. Claydon, clerk, to the Reindeer; W. 11. F. Kay, clerk, to the Satellite ; and E. H. Banks, assist.- clerk, to the Satellite. Liberia, the Land of the Free Liberia is a small republic on the west coast of Africa, founded by the American Colonisation So ciety, as an asylum for the free people of colour in the United States who could notlive happily in their native land. It is now also becoming the refuge of the recaptured Africans taken out of the slave ships, and is growing into an interesting and important community. The inhabitants consist of negroes from Virginia, Ohio, the Carolinas, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and other States of the Union, and number some 500,000 souls ; about 484,000 are aboriginals, and about 16,000 Americo-Liberians. The republic consists of an elected President and a Legislature of two houses, Senate and House of Re presentatives. The President and Vice-President are elected for two years and the Senate for four. Eight members compose the Upper House, thirteen the Lower ; each county sends two members to the Senate. Hereafter, on increase of population, one additional representative will be added for every 10,000 persons. The Vice-President must be 35 years of age, possess real property to the value of $6OO, and in case of the death or absence of the President he acts as President. He is also Presi dent of the Senate, which constitutes, among other functions, a council for the President of the Re public ; he being required to submit treaties for ratification, and the appointments to public offices for confirmation. The President must be 35 years of age, and possess property to the amount of $6O. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, an such subordinate courts as the Legislature may from time to time establish. Liberia is situated on the grain coast of Guinea. Its south-eastern boundary is the San Pedro River, 78 miles east of Cape Palmas, and runs along the coast 125 miles north-west of Monrovia, to the mouth of the Shebar river. It has about 600 miles of coast, and extends back on an average 100 miles ; but the natives in the interior manifest the greatest desire that treaties should be formed with them. The chief object has been to purchase the line of sea-coast, to exclude the slave trade, which formerly was most active at Cape Mesurado, Trade Town, and other places within the Republic, but now most happily excluded, except at Gallinas, under peculiar circumstances. The original settlers landed and hoisted the American flag on the 25th April, 1822, at Cape Mesurado, the capital of Mon rovia, where they continued till the 24th August, 1847, a period of 25 years. They were then pro claimed a free and independent State, and regularly installed as the Republic of Liberia. England and France recognised, and made treaties of amity, commerce, and navigation with the small State, and these friendly examples were followed by other powers, including the United States, Italy, and Holland. Treaties have since been made with Sweden and Norway, with Hayti and Portugal, and negotiations are on foot with other powers. In the treaties with Hayti and Portugal there are articles to assimilate the slave trade to piracy, and to punish it accordingly. It is hoped that in all future treaties this article will obtain. Many slaves have been emancipated expressly for emigration to this settlement, and have changed under the genial influence of freedom from the careless, listless beings they were in America into painstaking, industrious, energetic citizens. The white Go vernor sent out by the American Colonisation Society chose the most respectable of the coloured people to aid in the affairs of the infant colony, and the training of LOT CARFv, ELIJAH JOHNSON, JOHN B. Itussw cr,m, and J. J. ROBERTS was so good that on the death of the last white Governor, the late lamented BUCHANAN, in 1841, it was re solved that all in authority should be coloured per sons. Mr. ROBERTS was made Governor, and con tinued so six years, and on the proclamation of the independence of the State he was elected PRESI DENT, thus serving eight years as Chief of the Republic, and six years previously as Governor, making a total of fourteen years a chief magistrate of Liberia. His successor, STEPHEN ALLEN BEN SON, came from Maryland at the age of six years, and having experienced varied vicissitudes became a successful merchant, and passed through various offices to the rank of PRESIDENT of the Republic. He had served three terms of two years each, and was inaugurate& for a fourth, when he died January, 1865, aged 53 years. The actual President, Mr. D. B. WARNER, is a negro from Maryland, but re sided in Liberia from early infancy. Mr. BENSON was also a negro, but Mr. ROBERTS a mulatto. Mr. WARNER was elected PRESIDENT Ist January, 1864, and re-elected January, 1866, to serve a further period of two years. The self-government of the Liberias has proved cheap and successful, as the blacks, living in a congenial climate, are long lived, healthy, and economical administrators of their simple laws. All tropical produce thrives. Rice is abundant. Indian corn and fruits of every kind afford ample supply for the inhabitants and for shipping. The exports are coffee, sugar, cotton, ginger, pepper, indigo, ground nuts, arrow root, palm oil, i vory, cam-wood and ot h er woods for dyei ng I for ship and h purposes, as well as ouse-building. , The civilised portion of the inhabitants is so small that important exports cannot be expected till greater capital and a larger amount of skilled settlers shall have arrived from the United States, who will find plenty of native labourers at the rate of $3 per month, ex clusive of rations. Liberia is prepared to receive 7,000 to 8,000 negroes per annum, and every year will give increased ability to receive a larger num ber, until 25,000 to 30,000 per annum will not be inconvenient. The American Government has lately made an arrangement to allow the Liberian Government $lOO per head for all landed re-cap tives over eight years of age, and $lO for all under eight years. Already some of the Congoes landed from slavers have become useful and successful citizens ; some being even magistrates, members of the Legislature, and missionaries. The climate is The negroes from the United warm, but equable. States do not find the heat oppressive at any sea son ; even white people can land at 6 or 8 o'clock in the morning and remain till 6 or S in the evening with safety, if they sleep on board their ship at night. If detained on shore at night, the room should be shut and a fire lighted to expel the damp. The rivers, St. John Junk, St. Paul, and Cavallay run through the most fertile and cultivated countries. On the banks of the St. Junk and St. Paul sugar is cultivated. On those of the St. John coffee is grown as well as sugar. Cotton is spontaneous in its growth over Liberia. Its quality is good, and the country will probably become a large exporter of this staple, being well situated for forwarding it at a low freight to the exhaustless market of Liverpool. Monrovia, the capital of .Liberia, named after Mr. MONROE, the fifth President of the United States, is beautifully s c i u tu ti a v t e e , d onCape Mesurado in 6-19 north latitude, and 11 west l ong it u d e . It i s th e sea t o f th e Exe f air,iy Judicial, and Legislative Government, is furnished with churches, schools, missionary establishment s — has anewspaper, called the Liberia Herald --a populatio some 4,000 souls, and gives evidences of advanci ng nof tongue,civilisation and refinement. English is the motherand is rapidly ex tending into the i n t er i or. te fine college has been co by the nati ves Terectedunderstand English liberality is of considered people of Boston. an accomplishment, and an advantage they are eager to give their children. The Liberians are looked THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1866. upon with great respect by the natives around them for their energy, enterprise, and superior civilisa tion. It is their ambition to become " 'Merica men," as they call the Liberians—to imitate their customs—and are easily susceptible to religious impressions and civilising influences. There is no standing army, but all males be tween sixteen and fifty are compelled to serve in the militia, except clergymen, judges, and a few other privileged persons. The force is well-drilled, and has 1,500 muskets, —kindly presented by the Emperor of the FRENCH. The navy consists of one vessel,—a schooner of five guns,—and an advice boat, the steamer Seth Grosvenor. The revenue for the year ending the 30th September, 1861, was $149,550 11c. The expenditure for the same period was $142,831 11c. The import and export duties are the great sources of income, and amounted to $44,000. Expenses for Legislature were $4,500 ; for judiciary, $7,900 ; for salary or civil list, $6,400. The Liberians have been greatly aided and encou raged by the British Government and British people. The late Duke of SUSSEX, Captain ROSEN BERG'', R.N., and Lord BEXLEY were early and kind friends to the young Republic. Also the names of THOMAS CLARKSON, Dr. THOMAS HODGKIN, and SAMUEL GURNEY, are mentioned with gratitude. Edinburgh also is manifesting great kindness in educating two most promising young men as medi cal missionaries, who, on their return to Liberia, will spread the benign influences of civilisation and Christianity over the aboriginal population of the Republic. JOHN A. CALLENDER, and the Rev. Dr. JOHNSTON, of Edinburgh, are foremost in encou raging these young Liberians. MARTIN FARQUHAR TUPPER granted a large gold medal to be worn for one year by the most successful writer, as essayist, historian, &c. The principal buildings are of wood, stone, and brick. A great variety of ex cellent fish are found in all Liberian rivers. Iron ore abounds, but as yet no other useful minerals have been discovered. Some say Liberia is a failure; that she has not advanced as she ought to have done, but if we con sider the small expenditure, that 16,000 American negroes have settled there from the United States, and have been far more numerous, prosperous, and progressive in the 40 years of their settlement than were the English settlers in Virginia 60 years after they landed, and have since become a mighty nation of 32,000,000 souls, what may we not ex pect of Liberia if the 4,500,000 of American negroes should migrate during the next 30 years to the " Land of the Free." No doubt Liberia is far more suitable than Hayti, which has the Catholic religion, foreign language, manners, and customs, while the Liberians have the same Protestant religion, same language, manners, and customs, as the American negro. The American Liberians in their declara tion of Independence use the following language to describe their fortunate change of circumstances by migrating from the United States to this new and improving country. They say—" Liberia is already " the happy home of thousands who were once " doomed—victims of oppression—and thus far our " highest hopes have been realised. Our courts of " justice are open equally to the stranger and the " citizen, for the redress of grievances and for the " punishment of crime. Our numerous and well " attended schools attest oar efforts and our desire " for the improvement of our children. Our " churches, for the worship of our CREATOR, every " where to be seen, bear testimony to our piety and "to an acknowledgment of His providence. The " native African, bowing down with us before the " Altar of the living GOD, declares that from us, " feeble as we are, the light of Christianity has gone " forth, while upon that curse of curses, the slave " trade, a deadly blight has fallen, as far as our " influence extends. Therefore, in the name of " humanity, virtue, and religion—in the name of " the great GOD, our common Creator and our " common judge—we appeal to the nations of " Christendom, and earnestly and respectfully ask " of them that they will regard us with the sym " pathy and friendly consideration to which our " condition entitles us, and will extend to us that " comity which marks the friendly intercourse of " civilised and independent communities." Then follows the Constitution, one section of which declares—." That there shall be no slavery within this republic ; nor shall any citizen, or any person resident therein, deal in slaves, either with or without its bounds, either directly or indi rectly."—Anglo-American Times. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. • TIMES.—The dinner given by his constituents to Sir Hugh Cairns has connected with it many cir cumstances which make it remarkable among simi lar demonstrations. It was a compliment paid by an Irish constituency to its Parliamentary repre sentative, a compliment which in that distracted country very few members of Parliament are con sidered worthy to receive. It was intended to commemorate the assumption by Sir Hugh Cairns of a high legal office under the Crown, and it turned out to be the commemoration of his assumption of an office nominally of much higher rank and dig nity, but incompatible with the further prosecu tion of a singularly brilliant and successful political career. The language which Sir Hugh Cairns might employ to his constituents would always have been read with respect as proceeding from the highest legal adviser of the Government, but it is clothed with special weight and significance now that it has become the language of the highest per manent Judge in our courts of equity. The speaker is really making his political testament ; he has no longer any purpose to serve by exaggerating party differences, attributing pre-eminent merits to his own side, or extraordinary deficiencies to his oppo nents ; and all that falls from" him should, there fore, be received with respect, and be considered with no common attention. Sir Hugh Cairns may certainly claim to rank among the most distin guished men of the present day. He bas achieved at the Bar the most splendid success, and yet, so far from being indebted to that success for his Parlia mentar3 position, his success as a debater has been fully equal to his reputation as a lawyer. In the debate on Lord Ellenborough's policy with regard to Oude he made a speech which probably decided the fate of the motion, and completely established his Parliamentary reputation—a reputation which he has since maintained and increased when ever an occasion offered for displaying his re markable powers of lucid arrangement, of stating facts in a manner to which no one could object, but which materially assisted his own views, and of reasoning from those facts clearly and conclusively. Perhaps, from the habit of continually addressing one Judge, his reasonings were somewhat too subtle and his investigations too minute and detailed for a great popular assembly like the House of Commons ; but had he left behind him nothing beyond the two speeches which he contri buted to the two great Reform debates of this year, he would have done enough to establish a Parliamen tary reputation such as few indeed of our greatest lawyers have left behind them. The warnings which Sir Hugh Cairns has bequeathed to the Irish people and to the English Government are few, but em phatic. He protests, as he did four months ago, atmoa the lee a rps i enoason institutionsrt nhplacingParliament the twomof aaset hxor p ipre r ir t o euys spier countryare t? their r t thh hee at vtp iiinnnt righthi t do n e ei lc of n a g ft a se e ems n r c c ety e n nmo , oobt a tfehar d aest fitness of the great mass of the people to the exercise of the whole political power of the country without being exposed to systematic abuse, or held up as fitting objects for lawless popular vengeance. This might have had comparatively little weight as com ing from Lord Derby's Attorney-General, holding a brief on behalf of Government, but is entitled to careful consideration, even from the most reckless, when proceeding from one who has no longer anything to gain or to lose by the expression of any political opinion. Sir Hugh Cairns is, as always, emphatic in his denunciation of any plans for the destruction of the Episcopal Church in Ireland. He speaks with no more than merited severity of the means by which the late Government obtained the power to modify the constitution of the Queen's University and to bring the Senate more into harmony with the feelings of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. He gives his testimony in favour of the maintenance of mixed education in Ireland, and records his opinion as a lawyer and a statesman against the measure in troduced by the Government last year for giving compensation to tenants for unexhausted improve ments. As regards the general policy to be observed by England towards Ireland he lays down principles general indeed, but which can be easily applied to the present wants and wishes of that country. He thinks that the object of Government in Ireland should not be the maintenance of any party or sect, but rather the maintaining an impartial attitude between all sides ; not chastising Ireland one day and coaxing her the next ; not sacrificing perma nent and just principles to temporary and shifting expediency, nor seeking to propitiate extreme par ties by giving up what has been well considered and firmly established. To the general truth of these principles there are very few who t heartily subscribe, and Sir Hugh Cairns is fairly tmtitled to take to himself the crs-it that, though a Conserva tive, he has never been wanting to the cause of prac tical ilre k euvement whenever it lay in his way. A sieual instance of this is to be found in the Bill for the Registration of Titles to Land introduced by him into Parliament during the last Administration of Lord Derby—a bill which was thought; by many superior to the measure ultimately passed. by Lord Westbury, and which certainly had the merit of presenting a new and difficult subject for the first time in a clear and well-digested form. Sir Hugh Cairns has never been wanting to the cause of party allegiance; but his personal courtesy, the admiration felt for his talents, and the fairness with which he generally conducted his arguments had secured him the respect and consideration of both sides in the House of Commons. As a political event his re tirement is of the utmost consequence. The able lawyer who succeeds him has neither sat so long in the house nor succeeded in making for himself any considerable Parliamentary reputation ; and occa sions will speedily present themselves when the clear good sense and the ready debating power and the pointed argument of the late Attorney- General will be looked and longed for in vain. Taking him all in all he was probably the most useful and important member of his party in the House of Commons. There is no one who might not have been better spared, no one whose place might not have been more easily supplied. In the deliberations on which the Government is about to enter, first with regard to the introduction of a Re form Bill, and next, if that question be resolved in the affirmative, with regard to its scope and tenour, the opinion of Sir Hugh Cairns would have been of the greatest value, and will be often missed. We do not doubt that this eminent lawyer has judged wisely for himself in giving up a position of infinite labour and responsibility, which his health was position, easy n em ifi e e n d ts and far fbarelyor one able o f to his great s uppo r legalt, f or a a c ci d u i r g re moved from the stormy arena of politics. As a Judge of Appeal, Sir Hugh Cairns will probably be able to render great services to the settlement of the law, and to fill the place so long and so ably held at the head of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council by Lord Kingsdown with equal honour to himself and advantage to the suitors. But if he has chosen well for himself, his retirement is a severe and irreparable disaster to his party. The fact that such a man has left them does not tend to strengthen confidence in their durability, and they can ill afford a loss which a stronger Administration might well contemplate with dismay. THE " ATHENXI:II" ON THE PANTHEON.—It is not easy to look up at what is left of Wyatt's Pan theon facade, and fancy that nearly a hundred years ago people watched its progress with intense inte rest. It will, probably, soon disappear altogether. It has been the frontispiece to a "Winter Ranelagh," a ridotto, a theatre, a bazaar, and the last is about to be converted into a wine depot. Though the house was once burnt down and twice rebuilt, Wyatt's front has kept its position. While the original splendid house was building, 1770-72, people talked in tones of wonder of the new bank and houses that had been thrown down for it, and of the cost of land and compensation, amounting to £300,000. The outlay for building reached about £40,000. Just before it opened, in 1772, Oxford road was paved for its sake, and during the laying of the pavement cartloads of wretches, on their way from Newgate to be strangled at Tyburn, were carried round by the New-road. Then that open ing masquerade !—Goldsmith was there, in an old English dress, and the tippling Duchess of Ancas ter, and the wild young queen of beauty and of folly, Gertrude Conway, and crowds besides, all streaming through the glittering suite of fourteen rooms, the ceilings of which glowed with artistic art and invention. Around the rooms were marble statues of gods and goddesses, with three in por phyry, attracting all loyal hearts—great George, the white- armed Charlotte, and Britannia smiling on both. Such another night even the Pantheon never saw. It was calculated that in dresses and " re freshments" the guests expended on that occasion full £lO,OOO. One cannot look on the smoke-grimed face of the Pantheon now, and dream of the brilliant madness which was once noisily, drunkenly, and licentiously enthroned behind it. Those were days when the " company," sober and drunken, modest and immodest, used to breakfast at dawn, on the remnants of supper, and then fling the bottles and broken viands among the howling and hungry crowd without. The Pantheon, however, was not suc cessful, though Walpole admired, and said that Henry VIII., who had taste, would have patronised it. Boswell, of course, agreed with Johnson, that it was inferior to the Summer Ranelagh, near Chel sea. Even as a theatre it failed. Sydney Smirke admirably converted its interior into a bazaar, ant now it is undergoing a transformation, to end as a depot for foreign wines. THE "SATURDAY REVIEW" ON THE SIMLA C OMIT MARTI-AL.—The public are now in possession of Sir William Mansfield's reasons for confirming in all its severity the sentence of the court-martial upon Captain Jervis, and for rejecting the recommenda tion to mercy by which this severity was very pro perly tempered. These reasons had been looked for with considerable interest and curiosity, though not because any one for a moment believed that Sir William Mansfield would be able really to justify what he had done. Justification was only conceiv able On the supposition that fresh facts were forth coming to throw new light upon the conduct of the Commander-in-Chief, the court-martial, or the ac cused ; and, after a public trial in which every possible point of inquiry, important or unimportant, relevant or irrelevant, had been worn threadbare, there was no ground for supposing that any further facts could be disclosed. Sir W. Mansfield's reasons could not be expected to add anything to the evidence upon which he had been already condemned, and they were therefore looked for only in a spirit of curiosity to see what sort of defence an advocate of no slight talents and experience, and with so much at stake, could contrive to make for so bad a cause. It is no disparagement to Sir William Mansfield to say that he has failed to perform a task which would have severely taxed controversial in genuity of the highest order ; on the other hand, it is only fair to admit that he has performed a feat which we would have thought hopelessly beyond the reach of a man in his position. He has actually succeeded in making his own conduct towards Cap tain Jervis appear in a more odious and contemptible light than it appeared before, and in bringing one of the paltriest and meanest of military scandals to a conclusion which every one admits to be in thoroughly artistic harmony with its whole character. To appreciate the fell difficulty of this extraordinary performance, and do justice to the artist whose in genuity has triumphed over it, our readers must re member how the case stood before it received the crowning glory of Sir William Mansfield's defence. On the word of a menial servant he had assumed an English gentleman, who had long discharged in his service duties of a highly confidential nature, to be guilty of about the last offence which such a man could be considered likely to commit, and the barest suspicion of which, however delicately hinted at or charitably concealed, would necessarily inflict upon the person suspected, if innocent, a very pain ful sense of .injury and humiliation. But even the want of charity with which the assumption was at first made was completely thrown into the shade by the want of common decency and common sense with which it was carried out. In lieu of a quiet preliminary examination, by which the matter might have been satisfactorily settled without scandal or injustice, steps were immediately taken which made more or less publicity inevitable, and which eventu ally led to the trial which for a time turned our army into thelaughing-stock of Europe, and during which the Commander-in-Chief displayed so un worthy and undignified a temper as to draw down upon him the severest censure from the public, and something very like a rebuke from the Court. The accused, found innocent of the charge upon which he waS in the first instance so wantonly and intemperately assailed, was condemned and sen tenced upon other charges which rose entirely out of the first, and which would never have had any existence but for the precipitate action of the ac cuser. The Court marked their sense of this by tempering the inevitable severity of their sentence by a recommendation to mercy ; and thereupon the very man whose misconduct had occasioned the sentence, and supplied the extenuating circum stances which justified the recommendation to mercy ; confirmed the sentence and rejected the re commendation. This is the barest possible outline, omitting all detail and colouring, of w hat was known of the ° Commander-in-Chiefs conduct up to the publication of his defence. And our readers will admit that it required genius of a very peculiar, if not of a very high, order to keep the last scene of the drama even in decent harmony with the rest —far more to make the climax culminate, in proper stage fashion, as the curtain fell. There was naturally serious risk that at the latest moment there might occur some inartistic relapse into an action or expression not unwoithy of the dignified position of the Commander-in - Chief of her Majesty's forces in India. But all lovers of high art may now breathe freely, and safely congratulate Sir William Mansfield upon having produced a masterpiece. Bad and indefensible as his conduct from first to last bas been, it is not one whit worse or more indefensible than his defence. This is cha racterised throughout by the same unaccountable inability to comprehend the delicate position in which he was placed as being both prosecutor and judge; or, perhaps we ought to say, by the same apparent resolve not to forego the advantage which this position gave him. It may or may not be necessary for the interests of military discipline that the Commander-in-Chief should have power to bring all the influence of his high position to bear upon the verdicts of courts-martial, even where he is him self a party concerned. But in any case it has been always hitherto assumed that such power would not be flagrantly abused by any man thought worthy of such a position. Importance of Newspapers to Women. The Manchester Guardian reports an able sermon on newspapers delivered on Sunday evening last by the Rev. Brooke Herford. We take the following extract : " Let me especially urge the reading of the news paper as a distinct means of self-culture upon women. It may sound strange at first, but I think it is almost more important to women than to men ; and for this reason, men are pretty sure to be kept up to the level of what is passing in the world whether they read the paper or not, but it is not so with women. Men go out into the world from day'to day, They can hardly help hearing what is going on. If they do not read the paper itself, they get a glance at the contents bill as they pass the news shops, or they catch it up from the passing conversation of the day. But women, in their quiet household life, may go on for weeks hardly hearing a word of what is passing in the great world outside, and the little that they do hear conveying no living meaning to them. I think this is a great evil. It not only narrows the range of woman's life, but she loses a great deal of happiness which would come of intellectual com panionship and community of interest with men, with a brother, a father, or a husband. Is it no too often the case that the wife and the husband live in, to some extent,'different worlds of thought and interest ? Why is it so ? Why have we that so frequent complaint, that men sit at home absorbed in thought, hardly saying a word of what they are thinking about, or perhaps poring over the newspaper, without a syllable about what is in it ? It is often set doWn to a man's mere incommunicativeness. And so it is partly ; but don't put yourselves off with that. Part of the cause lies deeper. It is because women are so seldom educated to take an interest in what is going ou in the world around them, and so would be unable, without tedious explanations, to enter into the news which each week brings from every quarter of the globe. I know men ought to struggle more than they do against this tendency to isolate themselves, and to be more communicative on such matters ; and I know, too, that, with a littlepatient sympathy, women would soon learn to take the same interest in them that men do. But remember that men meeting in the world are accustomed to exchange their thoughts about public events in brief pithy comments one with another, and often hardly could give long explanations, even if they would. Therefore I would put it to women not to depend on this, but to read the newspaper, as a distinct, and to them especially important, part of self-cul ture ; and read it aright. You know at present, when women do get hold of a newspaper, it is often the case that the last thing they look at is that which has most interest for men. Politics they mostly vote a nuisance, and don't try even to under stand it ; and the foreign intelligence /night almost as well be printed in Greek. I want to see that altered. I would have every woman read the news paper for herself, not merely for half an hour's amusement, but with the definite object of escaping the natural danger of her quiet home life, and keep ing an open eye and an understanding mind, for the passing history of nations, and the great interests which are stirring the heart of the world." COMPARISON OF THE COST OF WAR.—An ex haustive comparison of the cost of war now and for merly would be a most instructive and somewhat appalling document. If we compare the cost of the arms and artillery now in use, and their suitable ammunition, with the ruder and cheaper weapons which contented us in the last war, some of the figures are very startling. Tho old calculation for a roan-of-war used to be roughly £l,OOO par gun ; a three-decker, therefore, cost £lOO,OOO or £120,000. A first rate iron-plated vessel cannot, we believe, be completed under half a million, and some of our experimental ships are understood to have cost nearly twice that sum. A Minie or an Enfield rifle, with its cartridge, is nearly five times as expensive as the old Brown Bess. Even before conver sion into a breech loader an Enfield complete costs upwards of £5. We doubt if the old musket, when manufactured wholesale, cost much above 41. The rifle 12-pounder now iu favour for field batteries costs £9O, and each shell it fires 4s. The brass 9-pounder, which it superseded, cost £BO, and its shell 3s. But as this would be worth as old metal £5O, while the iron gun would scarcely sell for anything, the true comparative figures would be £9O against £3O. Lastly, the 68-pounder, formerly in use for fortifications for shore batteries, cost £lOO, and its shot 4s. The Arm strong .9-inch 12-ton gun, with which we now arm our forts, cost £1,200, and its iron ccrriago and slide £OOO more; while the steel shells it fires cost £9 each. The Palliser shell, which will probably supersede these, can be made for 455. If the more costly missile be used, every shot we fire in the next war from our great embrasures will bo worth a £lO note. A WRITING TELEGRAPII.—A young employj of the Central Telegraph Office in Paris has invented a new instrument said to be capable of transcribing every species of writing and drawing; but instead of, as in the systems of Bonelli and Caselli, using chemically-prepared paper, he simply employs a wide strip or ribbon of the most ordinary paper, on which the despatch is printed in printing ink of any colour— blue, red, or any other. The great drawback to this invention is that it only pretends to transmit fac similes, 5 centimetres (1.96 inch) broad, the width of the tape; but in compensation for this fault it is stated that the length of the band is unlimited," and that apparatus can transmit 40 messages per hour. The transmitting instru ment consists of a cylinder 4.78 in. long, and 1.6 in. in circumference, round which is wrapped the despatch to be sent, written in ordinary characters upon tinned paper. The message, in turning round the cylinder, presses against a point, which traverses it in the direction of its length. The receiving apparatus is composed of an endless screw, lft. Sin. long, the thread of which, making rather less than one revolution, rubs against n n idkJd roller, and turns round above a band of white paper, which unrolls with the same velocity as the point travels at the despatching apparatus. Ruth instruments work by means of weights, the move ment being, as in other apparatus of this nature, controlled by electricity, isochonism being indispensable between the movement of the point and the turning of the endless screw. When the current passes, an electro-magnet holds the paper at a distance from the screw ; but when the cur rent is intercepted, in consequence of the point having touched the non-conducting ink of the despatch, the band is pressed by a spring against the spiral screw, and a dot is made corresponding to the part of writing traced by the point at the other eud of the line. The director-general of the administration of the telegraph lines of France kindly placed at the disposal of M. Meyer 360 to 380 kilo metres of a very circuitous route for the essay of his appa ratus, and the success has been greater than was antici pated.—Builder. A GREAT ENTERPRISE.—The work of construct ing the new railroad between Camden and Mount Holly, which will soon be commenced, is an enterprise of very great importance. This road was originally designed for a horsecar track, but the company made such slow progress in building it that at last the Camden and Amboy Company obtained possession of it., and have already nearly com pleted the preliminary arrangements for commencing the work. Instead of a horse car road steam is to be employed, and its construction will open speedy communication with Philadelphia for a large scope of rich and well cultivated agricultural country. Besides, it will form a more direct route to Mount Holly than the present via Burlington. VOLUNTEERING SIXTY YEARS AGO.—Early in this century a company of dragoons were quartered in Dundee for a considerable time. A sham fight had been arranged to take place on the ground east of Broughty Castle, at which the dragoons and Athole Highlanders had parts appointed to them. The Fife and Forfarshire Militia were also on the ground. In course of the manoeuvres the dragoons were ordered to charge the Athole Highlanders, and the latter were ordered to fall back. This order pro duced muttering, " She'll nae gae back," and when their officers urged them further the muttering became louder at the insult, as they deemed it. "She'll nao gae back," as with fierce looks they drew themselves into position to " receive cavalry." As this was a sham and not a real fight the dragoons had no mind to ride upon the bayonets of the enraged Highlandmen. But this disobedience of or ders could not be overlooked. General Mackenzie then lived in Dundee, and he was commander-in-chief in this affair. He came up at the gallop with his staff, and seeinghow matters stood, and the black looks of the Highlanders, he ordered them fortwith off the ground. About the tea hour the in habitants of the Seagate of Dundee were startled by very loud military music. It was the Athole Highlanders marching proudly, with drums beating, colours flying, trumpets sounding, and bagpipes screaming—in fact, all making as much noise as possible, letting off the steam of their anger to the tune of " Whaur hae ye been a' the day, bonny laddie, Highland laddie ?"—Dumfries Standard. Why is the rinderpest like a mouse ? Because th cat'll catch it. New York Markets. • SATURDAY, Oct. 13. Money continues very easy at New York, call loans being available in abundance at 4 to 5 per cent., while many parties are supplied at 3 per cent. The demand for currency for the West is much smaller than last week, and a return is expected, the tendency now being to flow back. The strong upward movement caused by the bull opera tions last week has encouniered a slight reaction. The abundance of money aids the bulls, but the caution of the public checks in some measure a rise without reason in its grounds. Indications, however, still point to another great rise, as the operators are many, and their command of money almost without limit. When once the fever fairly sets in, there is no knowing where it will stop. Erie has been more than usual the rallying ground for speculators of late on account of the election of a new board of directors. The choice was made on Tuesday, and the party who worked so hard to oust Daniel Drew from the manage ment found that they had undertaken a bigger job than they could carry through, and made no great show at the balloting. Mr. Drew was prepared to come down upon them himself with 86,000 shares, to say nothing of what his friends own. The old board of directors were sub stantially re-elected, though Frederick A. Lane, who claimed to manage 50,000 or 60,000 proxy shares, was put in place of Commodore Vanderbilt, who refused to run again, and a Mr. Randolph was chosen to a vacancy caused by death. The spasmodic efforts to relieve the Erie railroad from its present management will probably be abandoned for the present, as the clique are not likely to lose control of a majority of the stock, and all efforts of the kind will therefore prove futile. The general superin tendent of the New York Central railroad is out with a circular to the heads of departments, forbidding the exer cise of political influence over employes, or any advantages to one party or the other. This reads very well, but the fact remains that the road is a vast political machine. The railroad earnings in September did not generally show the increase which was expected. Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana earned $429,191, a decrease of $54,982 ; Rock Island' and Pacific $396,050, decrease $11,761 ; Atlantic and Great Western, $526,959 ; decrease $13,578. The last named road earned $4,141,037 in the nine months ending with September, a gain of $342,454. Comparisons of the earnings of the first eight months of this year with the first eight of 1864, instead of 1865, make favourable showings—thus, Pitts burg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago, $4,808,157, an increase of $666,456 ; Chicago and North Western, $5,184,128, in crease, $748,505 ; Michigan, Southern, and Northern In diana, $2,957,680, increase, $507,393 ; Michigan Central, $2,314,057, increase $248,380. The Central railroad of New Jersey has declared its quarterly dividend of 2/ per cent. ; Cleveland and Toledo has made a half-yearly one of 8 per cent. ; Reading will soon make a semi-annual 5 per sent. ;and the other roads divide as usual. As the current expenses of the Government are now quite small, a large part of the receipts can be applied to decreas ing the public debt. In the fourteen months since Aug. 1, 1865, when the debt reached its maximum, the reduc tion has been $183,916,334, a rate of decrease which will suffice to extinguish the debt in a dozen years. The gold interest on the debt amounts to $80,000,000 a year, but the Government's annual receipts from customs are at present 200 millions. Besides, the Treasury has now 88 millions of gold in its vaults. Mr. M'Culloch is thus in quite "comfortable circumstances." Gold sold within the range of 149 to 151 during the week until Thursday, when it jumped up to 1534 in consequence of the sensational re port that President Johnson proposed to discharge the present Congress and engage a new ono. It is a hard comment upon the course of the President that such rumours can obtain sufficient credence to influence even so delicate a thing as the gold board. The exports of gold continue light and far below the im ports from Europe, of which $400,000 arrived on Wednesday.—So far this year we have received $6,788,841 from Europe and $30,623,114 from California, a total of $37,611,955 ; and have reported $54,026,200, a loss of $16,414,335. The exports from New York (exclusive of specie) for the week and year were $2,930,151 against $2,418,527, and $148,258,934 against $120,219,890 ; and the imports were $4,407,005 against $5,845,786, and $240,867,268 against $144,685,121. Government securities have strengthened a little during the week, though they suffered a slight decline on Thursday. The most active one on the list at present is the new five-twenty bond, the interest on which falls due in January and July, and holders of a large amount of August seven-thirties are exchanging them for it. Foreign exchange is quiet at 1074 Glenn and Co., in their weekly circular of October 26 remark as follows :—" The market in London for Ame rican Securities has been rather inactive during the past week. Several large purchases of 5-20's has been made, but the large supply of these Bonds recently sent over from New York and thrown on the market has weakened prices, and the 5-20's, after touching 691 ex c, are now quoted 681 Eries have been firm at 501 1. The recent election of directors resulted in the chosing of the old board, excepting Messrs. F. A. Randulph and F. A. Low, in the place of Messrs. Vanderbilt and Mead. It is said that the Erie will resume its former position of a dividend paying stock next Christmas. Illinois Central close to-day at 781. Atlantic and Great Western Consolidated Bonds are 1 per cent. lower, viz., 991 401. Our advices troll: Now York are to the 13th inst. Money was very abundant, call loans being done as low as 3 per cent. The steady demand for Government Securities continued, and railway shares are all higher. The Cleveland and Toledo Road has paid a dividend at the rate of 16 per cent. per annum, and the Chicago and Rock Island a dividend at the rate of 10 per cent. There are but very few American railways now that are not paying good dividends." 'From E. F. Satterthwaite and Co.'s Weekly Circular. October 24.) Per " Australasian " our adviees from New York are to the 9th inst. ; they report a continued steady demand for Government securities at full rates. In Railroad Stocks there was a very active business, the glut of money seeking employment bringing forward large buyers both for investment and speculation. Railroad Mortgages and State Stocks were reported firm but quiet. Currency continued very abundant, but the large amount of gold absorbed by the Treasury for customs duties tended to keep up the premium, the last quotation being 1484. By a telegram dated New York, October 23rd, per the Atlantic Telegraph, the following prices have been re ceived Gold _l47+. United States 5-20's 1141. Illinois l26+. Erie (Common) 824. Exchange l6l The following is tho return of the New York Banks : Discounts. Spe s cie. Circulation. Deposits. ' $ Circulation. Deposits. 5ept...29, 269,807,383 7,643,960 29,213,950 223,336,785 0ct.... 6, 274,210,161 6,203,698 29;302,358 228,484,370 ATLANTIC AND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. The following is an extract limn a letter just received from one of the officials of the Company with regard to the present condition of the line : " The Superintendent reports everything going on well. The new transfer depot at Salamanca is now in use, and is a great improvement on the old. The transfer of passengers and baggage, where necessary, taking place entirely under cover. The road-bed is in good order, and trains are running on time. At M ea d v ill e th e s tation has b e en considerably enlarged, and they have now every facility there for shunting and making up trains promptly. We are doing a very large oil business, last month's returns showing an increase of 70,000 barrels over the same mouth of last year ; in connection with the oil trade, it is grati fying to note that we are doing quite an immense business with Cleveland, where within the last two years nume rous refineries have sprung up. The Erie railway is work ing in thorough harmony with us, and affording us all the facilities we require. Our Cincinnati travel is very good. We have now to run two sleeping cars in and out of Cin cinnati, whereas a few months back one sufficed. "The floods round Dayton last month did us a good deal of harm, not so much from actual damage on our road as from loss of business, consequent upon other lines being closed to us. Our receipts would have been near 8700,000 had it not been for the freshets. It will take us some time to get over the effects. It has been estimated that 10,000,000 bushels of corn wore destroyed." TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR SEPTEMBER. Miles open. 1866. 1865. Increase. Decrease $ $ 8 Atlantic and Great Westernso7 526,959 540,537 Chicago and Nth Western 676 989,053 946,707 42,346 Chicago Rk. Ind and Pacific .' 396,050 384,239 11,761 Illinois Central 706 551,021 686,381 135,360 Michigan Southern 518 429,191 484,173 13,578 54,982 We have had a very inactive market in Loudon for American securities since our last, the fluctuations have been unimportant, and closing prices vary but little from this day week. United States 5-20's are last quoted 681 to 8 ; Illinois Central 77j to 78; and Erie 501 to f; which, at present rate of exchange, closely approximates to prices in New York. • _ _ There has been some demand for the Certificates of De benture of the Atlantic and Great Western Railway, which close firm at 65 to 66, an advance of two per cent. on the week. The Consolidated Bonds leave off at last week's quotation, 401 to 411. OFFICIAL TRANSACTIONS FOR THE WEEK. —United States 6 per Cent. 5.20 Bonds, 1882: Thursday, 6,•!1 1 8 1 x.c. ; Friday, 681 1 1. 1 x.c. ; Saturday, 691 81 91 x.c.; Monday, 69/ 9 / 81 9/ x.c.; Tuesday, 681 9 81 x.c.; Wednesday, 681 1 / 1 x.c. Virginia 5 per Cent. Sterling Bonds : Thurs day, —. Virginia 6 per Cent. Dollar Bonds: Thursday, —; Friday, ; Tuesday, 44; Wednesday, 44. Atlan. and Gt. Westn. (N. Y. Sect.) Ist Mrt. Bonds, 188( Friday, —; Tuesday . , —; Wednesday, —. Atlan. and Gt. Westn. 2nd Mrt. Bonds, 1881: Friday, —; Monday, —. Atlan. and Gt. Westn. (Penns. Sect.) 2nd Mrt. Bonds, 1882: Thursday, ; Friday, —, Atlan. and Great Western Consolidated Bonds, 1895 ; Thursday, 411 xc.; Friday, 4211 xc. ; Saturday, 4 1 3 .21111 m Monday, 411 2 1 xc. ; Tuesday, 41 1 2 1 1 xc.: Wednesda; 41 1 401 xc. Erie Shares, $lOO, all paid : Thursday, 51 soi; Friday, NI 1; Saturday, 501 ; Monday, 501 ; Tuesday,• 51 50/ ; Wednesday, 50 1 /. Erie Shares, 6 per cent. Convertible Bonds : Thursday, 68 ; Saturday, 69 ; Monday, 681. Illinois Central 6 per, Cent. Bonds of 1875: Thursday, —; Monday, —; Illinois Central 7 per Cent. Bonds of 1875: Tuesday, ; Illinois Central Shares, all paid : Thursday, 78* 1 ; Friday, 78a; Saturday, —; Monday, • Tues day, 781 8 ; Wednesday , —. Philadelphia and Erie First Mortgage, 1881: Thursday, ; Saturday, ; Tuesday, —. Philadelphia and File First Mortgage, 1881, with option to be paid in Philadelphia : Satur(l 9 ll . —. Pennsylvania Second Mort. Sterling Bonds, : Tuesday, —. Pennsylvania Second Mortgage Sterling Bonds, 1875: Thursday, —; Saturday, —. From L. P. Morton and Co.'s Circular, New York, Oct. 13.) The extreme ease in the money market reported for several weeks past still co n tinues. The apph; cations for discount are comparatively limited, and the rates on prime bills range at 41 to 6 per cent. The demand for call loans from the stock brokers is unusually active, but is generally supplied at 4 per cent., with exceptions at 5 per cent. Government securities have been, upon the whole, firm at higher quotations. At the close of last week heavy purchases of Five-Twenties of 1 882 were made on speculation, causing an advance to 113 to 113/, which has been sustained. The in terruption of cable communication, during the, greater part of the week, has however checke d transactions. The bonds closed yesterday at 1 13 i. The statement of the Public Debt for Oct. Ist, 1866, shows a_further reduction in the liabilities of the Government, amounting to $22,346,227. During the month of August the total debt was reduced $37,416,108; and during the combined months of June and July, $37,289,991. The total reduction during the four months ending September 30th, 1866, thus amounts to $96,951,426. According to the monthly official returns, the amount of the Public Debt, at the beginning of each month, from October 1, 1865, to October 1, 1866, has been as follows : 1865. Oct. 1, $2,744,947,726 Nov. 1, 2,740,854,758 Dec. 1, 2,714,633,314 i 1866. Jan. 1, 2,716,581,536 1, Feb.• 2,716,898,152 . „ Mar. 1, 2,711,850,000 April 1, 2,705,646,516 May 1, 2,680,689,842 June 1, 2,670,688,367 July 1, (no statement) Aug 1, 2,633,099,276 Sept. 1, 2,595,683,168 Oct. 1, 2,573,336,941 During the last six months the extraordinarY aggregate of $132,309,575 of debt has been liqui . " dated—a rate of payment which would extinguish the whole indebtedness of the Government within 9i years. Duringthelasttwelvemonthssl7l,6l o , 7B6 of debt has been paid off—a rate of liquidation which, though not so large as that of the lagt months, would yet wipe out the whole debt within fifteen years. This large reduction of debt has been effected through the ordinary revenues, which have been collected without any symptoms of discontent at taxation, and which, it would appear, Congress is not likely early to reduce. COUNTRY MARKETS. NOTTINGHAM—SATURDAY. o The supply of wheat was tolerably geed. The p ll , et 0 qualities were held at full rates; inferior a heavy sale. demand for barley was rather brisk. There was asfai „,r de mand for oats, and the extreme rates of last week were realised. Beans were in small supply, and sold at Vic ° against the buyer. Old white wheat, 58s to 64s ; old red, 55s to 60s • il evr white, 50s to 58s ; new red, 48s to 548 per 36 stone. 'Ow , old, 32s to 355; new, 24s to 30s per 24 stone. Beans, ol d, 54s to 56s ; new, 50s to 52s per 38s stone. Fin e fl o ur, ' 1 " to 428 per sack. NORWICH— SATURDAY. A moderate supply of wheat offering to-day, prices fOt which were in sellers' favour. White wheat (weighing 631 b), 56s to 58 s •, old red aitto, (weighing 631 b), 47s tb 54s ; new red ditto (weighl. 601 b to 631 b), 51s to 52s ; best malting b a rley (weightn h ,b 521 b to 531 b), 42s to 46s ; runs ditto (weighing 511 b to 521 "/,', 42s to 465 ; distilling ditto (weighing bOlb to 521 b), 348 t„ 36s ; oats, 24s to 26s ; beans, &7s to 398 ; peas (maple), 36° to 38s per qr. Flour, 38s Od per sack. LEWES TER SATURDAY. We had a tolerable supply of wheat at our market t . . 5 day, the demand for which was more active, and a gr ‘ , business done in the best descriptions at an advance da.,, at to 3s per qr. Barley was a good show, and moved on 11 extreme prices. Oats were dear. o ld, New white wheat, 50s to 56s ' • new red, 46s to 54s • white, Ms to 60s ; old red, 50s to 58s per 36 stone. Pc=s ley, for malting, 40s to 45s per qr.; grinding, 32s to 3 D 4 per 30 stone. Oats, old, 30s to 34s ; new, 24s to 30s per stone. Beans, old, 53s to 55s ; new,. 50s to 52s per 3 8 st one. Fine flour, 44s ; seconds, 38s to 42s per 20 stone. YORK—SATURDAY. na There was a fair attendance at our market to-day, a• - ,t prices had an upward tendency . Owners of the be'f samples of wheat asked 3s or 4s advance upon the priem B ,l, last week. At the commencement of the market not naliv re business was done at this advance, and ultimately consented to take an advance of from 2s to 3s per qr.: 6 New white wheat, 50s to 60s ; new red, 44s to 5 2 s p e !" • al stone. Barley, for malting, 38s to 42s per qr. ; grin d 34s to 35s per 30 stone. Oats, now, 24s to 28s per 2 4 st one* Beaus, new, 50s to 52s per 38 stone. Malt 70s to 72° ' Flour, 38s to 42s uer sack of 2801bs. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. 4.ustralia and New Zealand, via Southamptoa.....Noy• 19 •. Ditto, via Marseilles . ••••• .•••Nov • i' 5 Brazil and Cap.?. Vents, by British. packet. ..... .. • •,,,, 0-, • .• , Ditto, by I'renoh packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena..„Nov. - China, Penang, and Singvore, via Son.liampton NoY 3 ' Ditto, via Marseilles Oct. 2 Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Oct. 29 " India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 3 •I Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. Oct. 29 ' Ditto, via Marseilles Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Oct. 29 • Ditto, via Marseilles Oct. 29 * Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseille 1... Nov 1 3 'Newfoundland Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon .. United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet ....... ...N0T• Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry „Nov. 2 ' West Coaht of Africa, Madeira, and Tenerilfe „„ Nov. l e ' West Indies and racial° (except Bahamas and Honduras) Oct. 29 Cuba and Mexico OA 29. Bermuda, via Halifax Nov NOV 21 . Bahamas, via New York. DEATH OF MR. DAVIS, LATE QUEEN'S HUNTSgAN; —On Friday afternoon Mr. C. Davis, until lately Qustd huntsman, expired at his iesidence, Ascot, at an advan' y o age. For full 50 years, it is said, the deceased has bee s s connected with the the royal kennels and bunt, e ither 0 boy, whip, or huntsman. To the last year of his ht 112 ,, b ; manship Mr. Davis was ever among the foremost in field while riding to her Majesty's staghounds, and his re ; putation as a most excellent horseman and keen spo rts9 L, are world-wide. Scarcely a twelvemonth has elapsed . „ B- rr i his resignation of the post of Queen's huntsman, n'ts3,4o King having been appointed to the situation. ISlr. 131 ,e , had not been well since the accident to his knee, a nd '- fore his death he suffered from an attack of bronchitis. 0 0 FOOTBALL—WELLINGTON COLLEGE.—,..e „, Wellingtonian match will be played on the Ist of Novn—a; ber.—OLD RUGBEIANS.—The Old Rugbeianmatch has b e e - arranged for Thursday next, Nov. 1. [ADVERTISEMENT.! —Holloway's Ointment and ri The family medicine chest that is furnished with th powerful remedies needs nothing more. Indigestion , g o o, ral debility, liver complaint, eruption, sores, vo uo „ s e• ulcers, humours, &c., are infallibly cured by their "tho They purify the blood, and give tone and vigour tn t he whole system. The ointment whop well rubbed intn„,,cl parts affected, enters the flesh just as salt enters meat, if the pills are taken as an auxiliary the cure is 81 7„0- thorough, and permanent. These me di came nts ars r„ of posed of pure balsams, without the admixture of a gra!, Z.ll th mercury, or any injurious substance. They are pecna-el o se mild and gentle in their action, efficacious. and are as safe as Births. MILLER-On the 26th inst., at 24, Rutland-square , w o rt burgh, the wife of Major the Hon. L. W. Miller, Major at Edinburgh, of a son. TOP P OR TMAN—On the 26th inst., at 5, Prin ce ' s - g ate, the '- Mrs. Walter Portman, of a daughter. the RoGERS—On the 25th inst., at Oxf or d, the wife Nlce• Rev. J. E. Thorold-Rogers, Professor of Political norrry, of a T tycle STEVENSON—On the 27th inst., at 19, Lancaster-gate , park, the wife of L. C. Stevenson, Esq., of a daug Marriages. CAPPIN—SHEPHERD—On the 23d inst., at the BritiB-. 10, of bassy, Berlin, Major-G enera l Si r ICampbell CaPP l i ter H.M.'s Indian Army, to Catherine Eliza, eldest daug of the late Major J. Shepherd, of the Madras Arroli; STIEGLITZ—LANGDALE—On the 25th inst., at St•W tt o f(le s Church, Oakley-square, Lewis F. von Stieglit e l sou of F. W. von Stieglitz, Ormley, Tasmania, to - 1 - 4 ' f Der only daughter of the late Marmaduke Langdale/ Majesty's 41st Regt. of Foot. Deaths. ii3lll3r BAREFOOT—On the 24th inst., at 136, Upper-street- ton, Mr. W. P. Barefoot, aged 42. ~,„r o ngb ' BROWN —On the 24th inst., at 37, Great Ma street, Miss R. Brown, aged 82. A • OW OHAPMAN—On the 24th inst., at Chester, the Rev . . - man, vicar of Rathmell, Yorkshire, aged 79. HUNT-0 n the 26th inst., at Ashbourne, DerbYtiqvitif B. Le Hunt, Esq., Deputy Lieutenant fur' the aged 74. 001' DIAULEVERER—On the 26th inst., at 14, Craven-atceetliont• J. T. Mauleverer, C.E., officer of the Legion Of 1,114 11 WHITTAKER— On the 25th inst., Harriet, 'wife of Whittaker, Esq., Hurst, Ashton-under-Lyne. I{ o/4 t London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM A- 2 so. of No. 112, Strand, Painter, at Tim Surf o" e co ' u pti Sewn', Strand, in the Precinct of the Sew , in t he - • Middleeez—Monday, October 29,1868.