The Sun. — London, England, 1865-12-11 00:00:00

The Insurrection in Jamaica. A very stringerit Alien Bill had occupied the House of Assembly. The following is the text of the bill : Whereas it is expedient as well for preserving the domestic peace of this colony and its security from incendiaries and other depredations, as for preserv ing the peace between the said colony and other colonies, that provisions be made for the deporta tion of aliens and other persons, not being natural born subjects, proved to be intriguing and enter taining designs adverse to the objects aforesaid. Be it therefore enacted by the Governor, Legislative Council, and Assembly of this island, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same as follows : First. When and so often as the Governor shall have reason to believe, from information given to him in writing by any known and credible person, subscribing his or her name and address thereto, and deposed to before any magistrate as true, to the best of the informant's knowledge, information, and be lief, and supported by the written recommendations of two or more respectable householders, one of whom must be a magistrate, or by any magistrate before whom any investigation or inquiry may have been made, supported by the recommendation of any respectable householder, that for securing the external peace and domestic tranquillity of the colony, it is expedient to remove therefrom any alien or other person, not being natural born sub jects, it shall be lawful for the Governor, by order under his hand, to be either served on such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, or publicly gazetted, or otherwise published to direct, that any such alien or other person, not being na tural born subjects, who may be or may here after arrive therein, shall depart this colony within a time limited in such order ; and if alien, or other person, not being natural born subjects, shall knowingly and wilfully refuse, or neglect to pay due obedience to such order, or shall be found in the colony, contrary to order after such service or publication as aforesaid, and after the ex piration of the time limited in such order (except under the conditions herein stated), it shall be lawful for the Governor, or for any justice of the peace of the colony, to cause any such alien or other person not being natural born subjects, to be arrested and to be committed to the common gaol, there to remain without bail or mainprize, until he shall be taken in charge for the purpose of being sent out of the colony, under the authority hereinafter given. Second. Except under the conditions herein stated, every such alien or other person, not being a natural born subject, so knowingly and wilfully refusing or neglecting to pay due obedience to any such order as aforesaid, shall be guilty of a misde meanour, and being convicted thereof shall, at the discretion of the court, be adjudged to suffer im prisonment for any time not exceeding one calen dar month, for the first offence, and not exceeding twelve calendar months, with or without hard labour for the second and any subsequent offence. Third. It shall be lawful for the Governor in any case in which any such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, shall be found in the colony after the expiration of the time limited in such order, except under the conditions herein stated, and whether he shall or shall not have been arrested or committed for refusal or neglect to obey such order, or convicted of such refusal or neglect, and either before or after such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, shall have suffered the punishment inflicted for the same, by warrant under his hand and seal, to give such alien or other person, not being natural born sub jects, in charge to any person or persons to whom he shall think proper to direct such warrant, in order to such alien or other person being conveyed out of the colony, either to his own country or to the place he has left, or to some place in the British posses sions ; and such alien or other person, not being na tural born subjects, shall be conveyed accordingly ; but, nevertheless, such person may in lieu thereof be at liberty to deport himself to any other place by consent of the Governor ; provided always that when such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects (not having been convicted as aforesaid), shall allege any excuse for not complying with such order, or any reason why the same should not be enforced, or why further time should be allowed him for complying therewith. It shall be lawful for the Governor to judge of the sufficiency of such excuse or reason, and to allow or disallow the same either absolutely, or on such condition as he shall think fit ; and when such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, shall be in custody under such warrant as aforesaid, the person in whose custody he may be shall forthwith, upon its being signified to him that such excuse or reason is alleged by such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, make known the same to the Governor or Attorney- General, and the Governor, upon receiving such notification, or in any case in which he shall be in informed any such excuse or reason is alleged, may forthwith suspend the execution of such warrant if he shall think fit, until the matter can be more fully inquired into and determined by him after advice with the council ; and such alien or other person, not•being natural born subjects, shall not withstanding remain in such custody, or any other custody to which he may be transferred, until the determination thereon shall be made known, unless in the meantime the Governor shall order the release of such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, either with or without security. Pro vided always that the clerk of the council or other proper officer shall, in the last mentioned case, cause to be delivered to such alien or other persons, not being natural born subjects, either a copy or a general summary of the matters alleged against him, and shall state to him the reasonable time to be allowed to prepare his defence ; and it shall be lawful for him to summon and examine upon oath witnesses before the Governor and Council, and to be heard before them in support of the ex cuse or reason by him alleged. Fourth. When any inquiry proceeds before the Governor in Council he shall be empowered to administer oaths, to commit for contempt, and to adopt any necessary lona of process, and also to re quire the assistance of any officer of the Supreme Court ; and the Governor may, either remit the in quiry to the Supreme Court or require the assistance and association of the Chief Justice thereof. Pro vided always that in any case in which po w e r i s given by this act to commit any alien or other per son, not being a natural born subject, to gaol with out bail or mainprize, it shall and may be lawful for the Chief Justice, if upon application he shall see sufficient cause to admit such alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, to bail, on giving security for his appearance to answer the matters alleged against him. Fifth. The writ of arrest for any indebted person shall prevent the enforcement of this act. 6. When any alien or other person, not being natural born subjects, who shall have been com mitted under this act to remain until he shall be taken in charge for the purpose of being taken out of the colony shall not be sent out of the colony within three calendar months after such commitment, it !hall any' case be lawful for the Chief Justice, or AT arm two of the Judges of the Supreme Court, or "-^ - , .ftee of the colony, upon -i—of of of this act shall be defrayed in the usual manner out of any unappropriated revenue of the colony. 9. If any such alien or any other person, not being natural born subjects (of the Queen of this island), shall be unable to deport himself, or if the Governor in Privy Council may deem such depor tation inconvenient, it shall be lawful for the Go vernor in Privy Council to order any such alien or such other person, not being a natural born sub ject, in any one of the gaols of this island for such period of time as the Governor in Privy Council may deem necessary for the public safety. 10. It shall be lawful for the Governor in Privy Council, upon such information on oath of any householder, and on the certificate of any magistrate as the Governor in Privy Council may deem suffi cient, to order any alien or any other person whom soever informed against, and certified upon satisfac tory evidence to be conspiring against the good order and peace of the colony, to be taken under warrant, and kept and detained in safe custody in any one of the gaols in this island for such period of time as the Governor in Privy Council may deem necessary for the public safety. On Saturday last a deputation from the Com mittee of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery So ciety waited upon the Right Hon. E. Cardwell; to present a memorial on the subject of the outbreak in Jamaica. The Right Hon. Earl Russell had ap pointed to receive the deputation at three o'clock, jointly with Mr. Cardwell, at his lordship's official residence, in Downing-street, but was prevented from doing so in consequence of continued indispo sition. The deputation, which was a very numerous one, included delegates from the following places : —Bristol, 7 ; Brighton, 8 ; Gloucester, 1; Brad ford, 2 ; Cirencester, 1; Reading, 2 ; Sunderland, 10 ; Birmingham, 7 ; Liverpool, 1; Manchester 1; Canterbury, 4 ; Worcester, 1; Woburn, 1; Ox ford, 4 ; Southampton, 3 ; Kendal, 3 ; Southwicke, 1 ; Rochester, 3 ; Glasgow, 1 ; Warrington, 1 ; Lewes, 1; Hertford, 2 ; Gravesend, 2 ; Chelms ford, 1; Croydon, 5 ; Ipswich, 2 ; Chatham, 2 ; Woodford, 1; Nottingham, 1; Stroud, 1. The following Members of Parliament were pre sent :—Samuel Morley, Esq., M.P. ; Sir Thomas F. Buxton, Bart., M.P., Lynn ; G. Carr Glynn, Esq., M.P., Kendal ; Thomas Hughes, Esq., M.P., Lambeth ; Peter A. Taylor, Esq., M.P., Leicester; Samuel Gurney, Esq., M.P., Penryn ; Charles Gilpin, Esq., M.P., Northampton ; Colonel Sykes. M.P., Aberdeen; T. W. M. Torrens, Esq., Finsbury ; James White, Esq., M.P., Brighton. The Committee of the British and Foreign Anti- Slavery Society were represented by Messrs. Joseph Cooper, Thomas Binns, Josiah Forster, G. W. Alexander, W. S. Lean, William Allen, Edmund Sturge, Robert Alsop, Charles Wise, A. W. Ben nett, Henry Sterry, and Frederick Wheeler. Upwards of 250 gentlemen in all attended. Sir T. F. Buxton, Bart., M.P.; Mr. Chamberlain Scott (City of London) ; and Dr. Tomkins, at tended as representatives of the Freedmen's Aid Society, the provincial branches of which also sent delegates. The deputation having been introduced by Mr. Samuel Morley, M.P., Mr. CHAMEROVZOW, secretary of the society, read the memorial, which, after quoting the resolu tion of the meeting by which the deputation was appointed, went on to state that the committee had been very painfully impressed with the narrative of the " alleged insurrection as set forth in the de spatch of Lieut.-Governor Eyre." The several re ported incidents of the insurrection were then set forth and commented on, and other facts and cir cumstances asserted to prove the desirability of which the committee felt convinced that, "in the interests of justice, humanity, law, and public order, there should be a full, searching, and a thoroughly impartial inquiry into all the circumstances con nected with these deplorable events. The commit tee are further of opinion that, in addition to the immediate steps which may be taken in this direc tion by her Majesty's Government, a Parliamentary investigation, embracing an inquiry into the opera tion of the existing laws, and the administration of the government of Jamaica, is necessary to meet all the requirements of the case." The Rev. W. ARTHUR delivered a long and elo quent address, and concluded by expressing a hope that the Government would be prepared to do prompt justice in this matter. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Alderman MANTON, of Birmingham, re marked that public opinion in that large town was very much excited. He asked whether Mr. Card well would feel himself at liberty to say what the Government had done, and especially whether the Flogging Bill passed by the Legislature of Jamaica last session had received the sanction of the Crown. Mr. T. HUGHES, M.P., said he was not present that day as one of the committee who had drawn up the memorial, but as one representing a great constituency close by, in which so far as he had been able to ascertain there was but one opinion on this subject. (Hear.) He was present as an Englishman, jealous of the honour of England— (cheers)—and he did not come supposing it would be necessary for them to press upon any English Government, much less upon a Government com posed as the present Government was, the neces sity of a strict, rigid, and impartial inquiry into what had happened in Jamaica ; but he did feel it was their duty to urge upon the right hon. gentle man, in order that the inquiry might be a fair one, that Lieut.-Governor Eyre should—temporarily, at least—while the inquiry was going on, be brought over to this country. (Cheers.) He hoped the Government would not allow the Indemnity Act to beome operative. Sir T. F. BUXTON said he had attended that day as president of the Freedmen's Aid Society of Lon don, to express their general sympathy with the address that had been read ; and he desired to tender his own adhesion to the opinion pronounced by Mr. Hughes in favour of the recall of Governor Eyre—(cheers)—as a step no less required in the interest of those who had lately suffered so grie viously than in his own. (Hear, hear.) Mr. TORRENS, M.P., believed he expressed the sentiment of every man present when he said in perfect good faith that they were not there that day to urge the Government to precipitate action, or to incur the charge that had been brought against them, of asking the Government to condemn a man unheard. (Hear, he,..r.) Their prayer to the Go vernment was to hear that man where he could alone be fully and fairly heard, within the realm of England. What they at present had to deal with was their own honour as a people. (Hear, hear.) That honour had been slighted, and their conscience as a nation had been stung as it never had been before. So long as the gripe of triumphant repression was upon the throat of the colony they would never hear the truth. He joined u the request that Governor Eyre should be recalled, so that he might have an opportunity of clearing himself and them from the terrible and unprece dented stigma which had been cast upon their cha racters as Englishmen by the painful occurrences that had taken place in Jamaica. (Hear, hear.) His trial to be a fair one must t a k e pl ace i n thi s Country. Mr. p. A. TAYLOR, MX d -1- . 1 desired also to express his opinion that the honour of England and the se curity of the Government required the instant recall of Governor Eyre, and every one responsibly con nected with the late events in the island of Jamaica. (Hear, hear.) Rev. DAVID THOMAS, as chairman of the - -;on of England and Wales, de '- of his could adequately • feeling of the con ' Wales on this -ith which Go- THE SUN, LONDON, - MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 11, 1865. vernment had anticipated that request. (Cheers.) They had determined that there should be forthwith a full, an impartial, and an independent inquiry. (Hear, hear.) The arrangements for conducting that inquiry had already made some progress. They would be completed with as little delay as was compatible with their satisfactory completion. He hoped that his information respecting the progress that was being made in them would go to Jamaica by the next mail. (Hear, hear.) It was the object of the Government that nothing should be left undone that was calculated to secure the most complete and perfect knowledge upon the whole subject. When the in quiry was over, the Government would not be found disposed to palliate or excuse anything that was de serving of reprobation. (Hear, hear.) In the mean time, he was sure the deputation would feel the necessity of saying nothing, and even of thinking nothing, which was incompatible with the freedom and fairness of that inquiry. (Hear, hear.) He wished to say, with regard to Governor Eyre, that that gentleman was not known personally to him. He was known to him only by his reputation, which had always been that of a man of courage and hu manity. If he might judge of the distress which the receipt of the intelligence from Jamaica in flicted upon a person in his (Ir. Cardwell's) posi tion, what must he think of a person who found himself placed in the position in the colony in which Governor Eyre had been placed ? Whatever the deputation might think, and whatever their feelings might be upon the other parts of his conduct, they must feel the deepest sympathy for any man placed in that position. They must feel that if the disturb ance that took place had not been immediately brought to a close, disastrous consequences of the worst kind might have followed. (No, no, and a cry of " Question.") They had come to ask for a fair inquiry. He trusted that the spirit of fairness would characterise the conduct of all who were pre sent. He felt it to be his bounden duty, after lis tening to so many remarks respecting Governor Eyre, to say that which he had just said. (Hear, hear.) He believed that Governor Eyre himself would be the first person to welcome the opportu nity of such an inquiry as was asked for. He (Mr. Cardwell) was desirous that the inquiry should be full and complete, and by the result of that inquiry his conduct for one should be guided. In reply to a question put by the Rev. DAVID THOMAS, Mr. CARDWELL said that he had been in corre spondence with Governor Eyre upon the subject of Jamaica during the whole current year. That cor respondence was already passing through the press for the purpose of being laid before Parliament at its meeting. (Hear, hear.) Mr. CHAMEROUZOW thanked Mr.Cardwell, in the name of the deputation, for the courtesy he had shown in making arrangements for the accommoda tion of so large a number of gentlemen. The deputation then withdrew. Metropolitan Improvements• .t> Among the mass of private bills that await the consideration of the new Parliament there is a small percentage which are not brought forward for the purpose of still further cutting up the metropolis with railways, but are on the contrary intended to improve it. The Board of Works has taken the field with renewed energy. Middle-row, Holborn, is to be removed, the Burdett-road, Finsbury, the Commercial-road, Whitechapel, the High-street, Kensington, are all to be improved. Park-lane will cease to be a standing reproach to the Board, for it is to be widened to an extent that will not only ac commodate its traffic, but make it one of the finest main thoroughfares in London. The new street to the Mansion-house is to be proceeded with. Two new and magnificent approaches are to be made to the Thames Embankment—one passing over the site of Northumberland-house, and giving a wide pros pect from the corner of the Haymarket right across the river; the other, equally spacious, from the cor ner of Wellington-street on to the embankment at the foot of Cecil-street. A magnificent crescent is to be built along the embankment stretching from Hungerford to Waterloo-bridge. Preliminary steps are to be taken for embanking the south side of the Thames, and on the north the embankment is to be continued from what is called " Mr. Cubbitt's road" up to Chelsea. This makes a very fair list of improvements, and above all of improvements that are most urgently needed. The Board of Works are evidently deter mined to maintain the reputation they have justly earned. If they cannot make London beautiful in the Continental sense of the word, they are at least bent on making it more habitable and convenient, on facilitating the passage of its enormous traffic, and by wider and straighter streets bringing its al most unmanageable distances more under control. What they have already done they have done well, and, as what they have done what at the outset they intended to do, the promise of these announced im provements comes upon us in a more hopeful form than the dim visions in which the ideas of metropo litan improvements used to flicker before the con stitution of the Board. Already we have one fine new street, many are improved by better lighting, all have been properly numbered and clearly named. The main drainage system is complete, with the exception of the short link of low level sewer which is to run under the Thames Embank ment and the Embankment Railway; and, the greatest and most important of all, the drainage pumping stations will be begun next week. As it is, however, all except about one-eighth of London's refuse is now conveyed far away—a fact which any one who travels by water between Barking and Crossness Point will discover. The great embank ment, too, is fast progressing. The foundations are laid at Westminster, and the granite facing is begun. Part of the parapet has been fixed near Temple-gardens, all along the line of works be tween these two points the river has been dammed out, the slime and refuse cleared away, the concrete poured in, and the filling up of earth begun. Since the first conception of this great work many improvements have been made upon its original de sign, and none greater than those of its northern approaches, which the Board of Works are now applying to Parliament for powers to carry out. The most important of these is the alteration which is to be effected by the removal of no less a building than our old friend, Northumberland-house. This new thoroughfare will be a continuation in a per fectly straight line of Cockspur-street, and passing through the corner houses of Charing-cross, west of Northumberland-house, removes part of the old mansion itself, and traversing its gardens, North umberland-street and Percy wharf, comes out upon the broad highway of the embankment, which at this point will be about 300 ft. wide. The sweep of the river makes the embankment at this place wider than at any other part except east of Hunger ford-bridge, where it is upwards of 400 ft., and as the 300 ft. below Northumberland-house will, of course, not be all required for the roadway along the embankment which will be uniformly of 80ft. wide, a large clump of trees will be planted here, but not so as to interfere with the fine view down the new avenue across the river from Charing cross. The width of this road is to be 80ft., and on both sides the land will be occupied with fine buildings, the ground-rents going far to repay the cost of the thoroughfare, which will not exceed £190,000. At the bottom of this road a handsome in steamboat pier is to b e b u ilt. A n other road, but one of less imp or t ance, though still of the same width, is to be shut made by removing end of Whitehall-place, block e hal - of wharves which ythe an y giving another line of route to the embankment. A third, though only of 40ft. width, will enter on the river road from Villiers-street ; and the fourth, as -ide and - handsome as that to be taken through '-umberland-house, is to pass from the corner -don-street, through Savoy -street and a tenements and wharves, on to the 'he foot of Cecil-street. Along all Ard of Works retains the free .:qtating the style in which 4- erloo bridges a space will be reclaimed Along this 'nt-ataped row of fine shops, with a belt of trees planted in the centre of the embankment. East of Waterloo bridge, at the foot of Surrey-street, the bank again widens, and another space in the centre is set apart to be occupied by trees and shrubberies up to the Temple-gardens. Beyond this it again narrows, and the wide road and footpaths will leave little room for planting. Almost equal in importance to these promised facilities and improvements is that which the Board of Works propose in the widening of Park-lane. It is proposed to take down the whole block of buildings from Glocester-house, the resi dence of the Duke of Cambridge, up to No. 1, Park-lane, in front of Holderness-house, and to put back the railings of the private garden ground which adjoins the Park some 25ft. up to near Grosvenor-gate. This will give to Park-lane a uniform width of 70ft. (the width of Cannon street) from Piccadilly up to close upon Grosve nor-street. Of course the Board of Works hope that this improvement will not es be allowed to stop short at this point ; but as the rest of the land on the left is Hyde Park, a special dispensa tion must be given by Parliament to enable them to touch it. That they may obtain this permission is most earnestly to be wished. The encroachment on the Park is not worth mentioning, for from Gros venor-gate the lane is already so wide that putting back the park railings some 25ft. would . give the whole road a width of 70ft. from. Piccadilly to the Marble Arch. These are some of the improvements which the Board of Works promise us if they can but obtain the funds with which to carry them out. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. THE " EXAMINER" ON GREECE UNDER SPONNECK. —.The Greeks have at last got rid of Count Spon neck, a Danish Mentor being as insupportable to them as a Bavarian. They want to Grecianize their young King, and this was a thing that Sponneck would not hear of. He was deeply impressed with the grave injunctions of the Great Powers, who said, one and all, that this thing must not be done and the other thing must not be attempted. Spon neck obeyed them, and the consequence is that he has done nothing. He has not set the provinces in order, he has not reorganised the army, he has not brought capital to the country or made it prosperous or contented. He has not even put down the bri gands, or constituted either a Government or a police capable of putting them down. Will the young King do better in the hands of the pure Hellenes than he did under his Danish Mentor ? All depends upon some one Greek coming forth and displaying a real talent for government and for management. The monarch is a dashing youth, rides a Centaur, and likes the pastimes and excite ment of a young king of twenty. This alone will not go far. And yet it is better than the united cunning of the late King and Queen, who pretended to be most Greek, but who were so merely by cheating all parties, selling places, and making the palace the head-quarters of petty squabbles and intrigues. Otho trusted no ministers and employed none that would not be subservient to his narrow views. King George can at least call to his councils only those whom the public voice put forward and whom the Chambers will support. But will the Chambers support an able and an honest man ? Deligiorgis, the leader of the popu lar party, is said to be both, and we see that he is definitely the Minister—certainly the best choice that could have been made. Politics unfortunately form a trade in Greece. They are so more or less in many ccuntries. Only it is the trade of a small portion of the people, whilst the larger portion de votes itself to industry and productive callings. But politics in Greece form the all-absorbing trade. And the locusts are too many for the green leaves and grass. They devour everything. The army is disreputable, fit for anything but either defending or preserving the peace of the country. But turn it adrift, and so many brigands are let loose upon the land. The army of civil employes is quite as bad. " You ought to have reformed all this," exclaims Count Sponneck to the protect ing Powers, "before you sent King George and me to Greece. You might have named a Dictator ad hoc, with fleets and troops in the Pincus. You should have cleansed the Augean stable of King Otho ere you sent King George to occupy it." For he cannot clean it. He cannot go to war with the Greeks, and make himself unpopular by his first acts. And not being able to do this, he can do nothing. If he had the genius and the will to re form these abuses theChainber would not let him do it, for its members live by these very abuses, or are closely connected with those who do. We need but mention the recent circumstance of a Ministry which came in with a programme for large reductions and economy. It was unable to live a fortnight before the Chamber. There are some who blame consti tutional government for this. What would they gain by doing away with it? King Otho did so virtually, and made use of his almost uncontrolled power to introduce or augment all the elements that exist. In 0 tho's hands Greece was a farm which he tried to turn to value for himself. His successor cannot hope to reign but by consulting the country, enlightening, pacifying it, selecting from it the best men, and encouraging the best motives. Had Count Sponneck gone upon this tack he would have done better than by vainly attempting to govern Greece without consulting the Greeks at all. The result was that they neutralised each other, and that there has been no result whatever. THE "SATURDAY REVIEW " ON THE POSSIBLE ABSORPTION OF BELGIUM BY FRANCE.—The absorp tion, from some point of view, would scarcely be of much benefit to the French nation. The neutrality of Belgium is a shield behind which, in case of a European conflict, France stands sheltered on the north. Provided that Belgium can make her neu trality respected, she protects the French frontier better and more cheaply than a French army of 150,000 men. Such has been the opinion of M. Persigny and. of M. Thiers, and the opinion is as sensible and as rational as could be wished. N o scheme for the partition of Belgium could make the French frontier as secure. Supposing even that the illusory plan for annexing to France the territory between the Scheld and the Meuse were carried into effect, France would still have lost something. It is true that upon paper her military position would be magnificent. In the case of a war with Great Britain, she would enjoy theoretically the advantage of an adjacent seaboard, intersected by navigable French rivers, without being exposed, on the other hand, to the discomfort of blockade. But, in fact, the Dutch, if they held Antwerp, could never re main neutral in such a contest. The first cannon shot would be the signal for their joining one or other of the belligerents; and France would take care that the choice was promptly exercised in her own favour. To give the French the Scheld and the Meuse would therefore, in reality, be to give them Antwerp. Belgium, in such an event, must be held by French troops, and in all probability would again become the theatre of war. There are accordingly, in truth and in fact, but two real alternatives—whether Bel gium is to exist, or to pass into the condition of a French province ; and the latter would involve nearly as much loss of military advantage as it would gain. But the question of extension of the French frontier must not be considered solely, and would not certainly be decided, upon militarygrounds. Every windfall that comes to the French Empire has a tendency to strengthen . the Imperial dynasty ; and the annexation of Belgium, Savoy, and Nice would be trophies to which any future Bonaparte adven turer would be entitled to point with triumph as among the hereditary glories of his house. This is not so serious a reproach as it might seem. There are few Royal families upon the Continent that would not court a distinction of the kind, and that territorial greediness is not altogether a thing of remote antiquity which converted the Con gress of Vienna, fifty years ago, into a banquet of Royal and Imperial harpios. For a new empire, like the French, the prestige of a policy of annexa tion is worth more, and the desire to obtain it would be more excusable. France might not care to have Belgium as a military position, or as a political in vestment ; but it might be worth France's while to have it for an ornament, and a concession to her own vanity. If the Belgians cared less about their national independence, it would be in greater peril. They do care about it, and they are right in so doing. As they are circumstanced at present, they present the unique spectacle of a free and indus trious people, engaged in working out many difficult problems in religion and in politics, and sheltered from all the interruptions of war. Transformed into a knot of French departments, Belgium would in many ways be benefited ; but she would exchange national self-government for government by pre fects, and would buy a showy interest in the French flag at the ruinous price of partnership in French enterprise and adventure. And so long as the Bel gians prefer remaining as they are, so long will it be very difficult for Napoleon 111. to seize upon their territory. The French, in spite of all that John Bull may think, are not a nation of brigands. They are a people with a good deal of nobility of nature, mixed up with egregious vanity, and lust of con quest, and intolerable arrogance. They are far too liberal and civilized not to blush at the idea of re peating the old follies of Napoleon lII. ' and crush ing the individuality of Belgium, without consulting Belgium's wishes. Universal suffrage does not mean much, but it means something ; and the French, who h ave so pers i sten tl y m aintained that the Schleawigers and liolgoinorg, ought to be con suited about their own destiny, could not, and would not, assert that the opinions of the Belgians were totally beside the point. There is a large Republican party in name, which, with all its faults, has the merit of being cosmopolitan in its sympathies. This is, indeed, the best side of French Republicanism. It has a kind of impulsive and generous interest in many causes which it has been the hereditary policy of successive French statesmen to consider antago nistic to the best interests of France. M. Thiers, M.Guizot, and perhaps the Emperor of the French, are superior. in many respects to the wild and en thusiastic French Democrat ; but if they are exempt from his failings, they are deficient in some of his virtues. The same popular feeling which defends in France the cause of Italy against the traditional prejudices of French statesmen, would, if necessary, espuse the cause of Belgium. THE " LONDON REVIEW" ON ENGRAVING WITH A SUNBEAM.—The title of our article is by no means figurative. We can now dispense with the engraver, and employ the sunbeam in his stead. The new process by which this revolution is to be effected is that of Mr. Walter Woodbury, and has been recently described in the scientific journals. - As it is not a complex one, we shall try and convey an idea of its general features. In taking an ordinary photograph, a solution of silver is placed upon glass, and has projected on it, through the medium of a camera obscura, an image of some object which it is desired to represent. This image consists of several com binations of light and shade, and, as the effect of light is to darken the silver solution by decomposing it, the lightest shades (those most illuminated) are represented on the glass plate by dark portions, and the dark shades, being less decomposed, are fainter. In this case, the object photographed has been re presented by lights and shades. There are, however, certain combinations other than those of silver, which are differently affected Wight. Now, a compound of gelatine and bichromate of ammonia is one of these. When this is exposed to the action of light, it be comes perfectly insoluble ; so that when a photo graph taken with it is placed in hot water, the parts which were least exposed are dissolved away, and those submitted to the light remain, thus leaving a representation in relief. Upon this quality of bi chromatized gelatine depends the principal feature in the new process. In the first instance, a nega tive (that is, a photograph of a special kind on glass) is taken of the picture or object of which it is wished to obtain an engraving, and this is placed over a plate of talc, bearing a stratum of the pre pared gelatine, and in this position exposed to the light. The sun's rays, in passing through the ne gative, fall upon the gelatine with various intensity, hardening the parts least covered, and leaving those parts unaltered which are completely protected by the shadows of the negative. After sufficient ex posure, the gelatine plate is removed, and placed in hot water, which dissolves away all those parts unacted on by the sun, leaves those completely ex posed intact, and partially removes the portions of the plate which were slightly protected. When, therefore, the gelatine plate, with its support of talc, is removed from the water, it presents a series of elevations and depressions which exactly correspond in extent and height to the lights and shades of the picture. It is in fact an intaglio plate in gelatine, but one which, as its depressions cor respond to the light portions of the picture, can not be used for engraving. A cast must be taken ; and this is effected either by metallic deposition, as in electrotyping, or by pressing the hardest gelatine plate into one of soft lead. The latter method is the one which Mr. Woodbury employs, and although it seems hard to believe, it is unques tionably the fact that by pressure alone a per fect impression of the gelatine is produced on type metal. The next stage in the process is that of printing. An intaglio block, i.e., one in which the dimensions are to be filled with ink, and the surface to be left clean, has been produced, but it remains to be shown how it is used. If it were simply coated with ordinary printing ink the " proof" would be as devoid of half-tones as the worst photo-lithograph, and therefore a peculiar ink—suggested many years ago by M. Gaudin is employed. This ink consists of gelatine holding colouring matter, of whatever hue is desired, in solution ; it is a translucent preparation and is not densely coloured. This compound is poured into the intaglio mould —for a mould it really is—and the latter is pressed down upon the paper which is to receive the print. The ink, which has become semi -solid, falls from the depressions in the block somewhat in the manner of jelly from a jelly-mould, and soaks into the paper. In this way the deepest depressions, corresponding to the darkest shades, throw down the greatest number of layers of ink, and the shal lowest ones the least ; so that a picture is produced in which even the most delicate half-tints are ex quisitely brought out. Indeed, the result is some what similar to that of " washing" in watercolour painting, the greatest quantity of colour producing the greatest shade, and conversely—every tint in the gradation being preserved. The inventor of the exceedingly ingenious method we have described considers that one man at work with four presses could produce as many as 120 prints per hour, and at a cost which would be very trifling. If in prac tice Mr. Woodbury's process turns out as successful results as those we have already seen, we have no doubt of its coming into general use. At present we can only testify to the beauty and perfection of the specimens we have inspected. " THE ATHENEUM" ON PORT WINE !—Every one has heard of the eccentric nobleman who said to a party of guests, " You have tried my champagne and liked it, but I could not tell you its history ; you spoke well of the hock, but I was silent--for I really don't know how it came into my cellar ; but this bottle of old port I can recommend, for I made it myself." The story is familiar to every one ; but the art of making fine old port has hitherto been a mystery to the millions. Drawing the veil, and throwing light on things not generally known, the author of a manual just published gives three re ceipts for port wine. No. 1 runs thus —" British Port Wine. Take British grape wine, or good rough cider, 4 gallons ; recent juice of elderberries, 1 gallon ; logwood, in fine chips, 4 ounces ; rhatany root, bruised, lb. ; French brandy, 2 quarts. Infuse the logwood and rhatany root in the brandy, and 1 gallon of the grape wine or cider, for one week ; then strain of the liquor, and mix it with the other ingredients. Keep it in a tightly-bunged cask one month ; it will then be fit for bottling,"—and fit for very little else, we should think. No. 2 wine, a liquor that may be used for medicinal purposes amongst the " surplus popula tion," and may also be given away in large quan tities to poor relations, and other members of the lower orders, is made thus :—" Put into a clean and perfectly sweet 60-gallon cask, which has been previously fumed with brimstone, 8 gallons of sound port wine ; add to that 40 gallons of good cider, and filll up the cask with French brandy. The juice of ripe elderberries and sloes will impart a proper degree of roughness, and you can communicate the colour you desire with cochineal." Merely to read this makes the tongue as rough as a bread-grater. Here is the third re ceipt :—" Take sound cider, 24 galls. ; port wine, 4 galls. ; juice of ripe elderberries, 6 galls. ; brandy, 6 quarts ; logwood, 1 lb. ; American isinglass, dis solved in a gallon of the cider, 12 oz. Blend these well together, by stirring, for one hour ; and if you prefer a rough flavour, add alum, in powder, 5 oz. Bung it down closely, and in three months bottle it. In twelve months it will he ready for drinking." This is the port wine that is usually put on students' tables in the dining-halls of our Inns of Court. THE TEXAS COTTON CROP.—A letter from Gal veston, Texas, states that the cotton from that port this year will be at least 200,000 bales, which is about one half the aggregate export from the State. The same letter states that much of this cotton is paid for in gold, and mentions the extraordinary influx of gold into the State. The value of this Texas cotton, computed at 400,000 bales, at 40 cents per pound, would be $80,000,000, or equivalent to 1,500,000 bales at the prices of 1859. If allowance is made for the wheat, corn, wool, hides, growth of stock and other pro ducts, Texas will probably have given this year a greater product in value, in proportion to population, than any other State in the Union. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Consumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach, and liver complaints, in every stage, are only ag,- gravate.l and accelerated by drugs of every description, but periecJy curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless; such as indigestion (dyspepsia), cough, asthma, consumption, habitual constipation, diarr hoea, all gastric derangements, haemorrhoids, liver com plaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness' fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, pal pitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness even in pregnancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains in the pit of tha stomach .ind between the shoulders, ,Szc. We quote a few.—Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Frim ley Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deaf ness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord-Lieu tenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No.49,B32. Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, const patio a, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting—Maria Jolly.- Cure No. 54,816. Ibe Rev. James V. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 45. 6d ; 51b., 11s. ; 121 b., 228. ; 241 b. 400.—Barry ;311 Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Phillips, tea dealers, S, King William-street ; likewl , e at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand ; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 103, Tottenham-court-road ; 96, Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; Close Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's -wcod, London ; and all respectable grocers and oho mists.—Beware of spurious imitations, America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The following letter has been addressed to the editor of the Anglo-American Times : In a late number of your paper in which you did me the honor of favorably noticing my work entitled " America from the Atlantic to the Pacific," you in a kindly spirit take exceptions to the proposed route which I advocate, and draw the conclusion that I am opposed to the Central or Union / Pacific route. Will you permit me to definitely explain, in as brief and comprehensive a manner as possible, what the purport of that book is. From Europe to North America we have a system of communication by steam and sailing ships. We have lines of steamers as follow :—From Bremen, Havre, Southampton, London, Liverpool, Cork, &c., to Quebec and Montreal, Halifax, Portland, Boston, New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans. These lines, with the innu merable sailing fleets which sail from every European port of any importance, convey the enormous traffic in pas sengers and commerce which continually flow westward across the Atlantic. From the Atlantic board we have, according to the Report on Foreign and Domestic Com merce for 1864, published by order of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, seven distinct routes between the Atlantic Coast and the Mississippi River. (1) From Portland by the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada to Detroit, Michigan, and thence, with a traverse of the State and Lake of Michigan, to Milwaukee and La Crosse ; (2) by the New York Central, the Great Western of Canada, and the Chicago and North-Western railroads to Prairie du Chien ; (3) by the New York and Erie, the lines of Ohio and Indiana south of the great lake, and the Illinois Central, to Galena; (4) the Pennyslvania Central and its Western connections to Rock Island ; (5) the Baltimore and Ohio, by way of Cincinnati to St. Louis; (6) from Richmond, through the Cumberland Valley to Memphis ; and (7) from Charleston and Savannah, tra versing the States of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, to Vicksburg and New Orleans. Besides these we have the Atlantic and Great Western, which, in combination with the New York and Erie, with which it unites at Salamanca, and the Ohio and Mississippi, forms a direct and unbroken line of 1,200 miles on the six-foot gauge, and unites the Mississippi with the Atlantic board. All these are overcrowded with freight and traffic at the pkesent time, and demand an increase of rolling stock in order to carry on profitably the marvellous increase of trade which has developed itself during the past two or three years. By reference to the Weekly Circular of Messrs. SATTERTHWAITE, published in the last number of your paper, you will perceive the Grand Trunk of Canada has all it can do with the local business, and is not now re ceiving any through freights from Chicago and other Lake (Michigan) ports for Boston and other New England places, such as Portland, &c. Mr. E. W. WATKIN, M.P., the Chairman of the Grand Trunk, at the last meeting stated that five years since the net receipts for the year were £72,000, while this year they would amount to .£400,000. The Chicago and Alton (281 miles) in 1863 earned $1,673,706, against $2,770,484 for 1864, while for the month of September, 1864, the earnings were $320,381 ; for the same month in 1865 they were $399,602. The Chicago and North-Western (609 miles) in 1863 earned $3,988,042, while in 1864 the earnings amounted to $6,114,566. The Erie Railway (724 miles)in 1863 earned $10,469,481, while in 1864 the earnings increased to $13,429,643. The earnings for the month of August, 1864, were $1,105,364, while in the same month for 1865 they were $1,364,126. The line is so crowded that they are compelled to refuse freights. The New York Central (656 miles) earned for the year 1863 $11,069,853, while in 1864 the earnings were $13,230,417 ; for the month of August, 1864, the earnings were $1,173,117, while for the same month in 1865 they were $1,500,000. This road is completely blocked at Albany with freight which it is incapable of running. The Atlantic and Great Western (507 miles) :—By refe rence to the report of J. W. FORBES, we find the receipts for the first six months of the present year upon the 322 miles then open were $2,579,737 ; and for the months of July, August, and September, upon the 490 miles then in work were $2,011,676. If the receipts for the months of October, November, and December equal those of the pre ceding three months, as it is announced they will, then the gross receipts for the year 1865 will be $6,603,089. For the month of October we find the receipts amounted to $719,911, against $396,847 in the corresponding month of last year, showing the enormous increase of $323,064. No one can admire more than I do the patriotism, energy, will, and public spirit which Mr. JAMES WHENRY has manifested in carrying on and completing so much of his contract during the war. I can bear personal testimony to the fact that during the darkest hours of the Republic his resolution never faltered, nor his confidence abated one iota in the final issue. This statement is inserted, as your late criticism would seem to infer that I was opposed to the M'llEratY project. The Pennyslvania Central Railroad (411 miles) upon a capital of $16,696,763 produced the net earnings of $4,873,218 in 1864. The Baltimore and Ohio (380 miles) in 1864 earned $3,618,612 on a capital of $10,000,000. Both these roads are doing all the business which their lines can carry. The Chicago and North-Western (609 miles) in 1863 earned $3,988,042, while in 1864 the earnings amounted to $6,114,566 ; for the month of October, 1865, the earn ings were $923,886, against $729,759 for 1864. The Chicago and Rock Island (182 miles) in 1863 earned $1,959,267 ; in 1864, $3,095,470. The tonnage of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers is 50 per cent greater than before the war. The steamboats between St. Louis and New Orleans ara crowded with a ll classes of goods, while the railroads of the South, which during the war were sadly cut up, mutilated, and destroyed, are rapidly being repaired and placed in a state of adaptability to the wants of travel and traffic. The whole country east of the Mississippi exhibits a series of net works of railways which ramify in• every direction, and which, extensive and numerous as they are, are found in capable of providing for the wants of trade. The products of the mines, manufactures, and the soil have increased to such a degree that ere long other outlets to the Atlantic coast must be found. The present great lines must bo re lieved of the cumulative pressure of trade, by the con struction of lines parallel with those of the Grand Trunk, Central, Erie, &c. Beyond the Mississippi a trade is springing up, popula tion increasing, agriculture developing, mining producing, and a current of commerce moving, which in a few years will astound the most sanguine believers in the future prosperity of America. The history of those regions during the past ten years must convince any reflecting person that within the next ten years neither one nor two lines of railways will suffice for the never-ending traffic that will move from ocean to ocean, over prairie, across river, and over mountain. There have been four routes proposed between the Mis sissippi River or its borders and the Pacific Ocean, to con vey this traffic. Tho Southern Pacific Railroad, passing on or near the parallel of 35 deg., which is central to the region of cotton, the sugar cane, and the vine, and which will be supported by the populations of Louisiana, Ar kansas, Neosho (or the territory occupied by the Cherokee and Choctaw Indians), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, and Southern California. The length of this route would be, from Fort Smith, situated in Arkan sas, on the Arkansas River, to San Francisco, a distance of 1,952 miles, and the estimated cost is placed at £20,000,000, or about £lO,OOO per mile. It may be safely stated that there is little or no movement made in re ference to this route at present. The scarcity of popu lation, their late relations to the Federal authority, the various tribes of Indians which infest the country, and the fact that the United States Government has lent its in fluence and assistance to the Union or Central, :are all obstacles which impede any present movement in the con struction of a line on the parallel of 35 deg. The Central or Union Pacific Railroad on the average latitude of 46 deg. would pass Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and California. Now it is a law in re ference to population in America that there should be one mile of railroad to each thousand of population ; for in stance, in 1861, the population of the United States was estimated at 31,615,267, while on that date official reports show that there were 31,168 miles of railroad, at a constructive cost of $1,777,993,818, or $37,794 97 per mile. The Central Pacific is divided into three divisions : the eastern division, 360 miles in length, the central division, 1,400 miles, and the western division, 265 miles. The California, or western division, consists of three sections. The Ist section, from San Francisco to San Jose, a dis tance of 49 3-10 miles, was completed at a cost of $40,000 per mile. The 2nd section, between San Jose and Sacra mento, 115 miles, is now being hurried forward with considerable energy. The company during January, February, and March employed five hundred men, in June they reached two thousand, while in July they had increased to two thousand five hundred, and the company hoped they would have in October five thousand laborers employed. California is rendering all the assistance possible in lending the security of the State and guaranteeing the payment of the interest of the com pany's lbonds in gold. The State of Nevada, through which the Pacific Railroad will pass, in 1860 contained a population of only 6,857; at the close of 1863 it had reached 60,000, and was increasing in a marvellous ratio. Her mines in 1864 produced 1120,000,000, while she paid $3,000,000 for fieights coming into the territory from the Pacific coast. The State has pledged her credit to the ex tent of $3,000,000 in aid of the railroad. Utah Territory is increasing in population and in wealth, and BRIGHAM YOUNG has promised to furnish all the laborers and mechanics requisite to build that portion of the road passing through that country. Colorado, in 1860, possessed a population of 34,231; in 1864 it had increased to 60,000 ; at the same ratio, in 1870 the population will exceed 200,000. The product of gold for 1864 was over $15,000,000. Kansas, in 1860, had a population of 107,206, in 1864, 120,000. In 1860 there were 6,922 waggons crossed the Missouri River into Kansas. In the spring of 1864, PETER A. DEY, Esq., engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad, writing from Canada, under date of May 17th, says, " Four thousand waggons and Piz 1.1% .... thousand tons of freight have crossed the River Omaha since April Ist. There is now a daily movement of two hundred teams, three hundred tons of freight, and one thousand persons. The statistics of the spring emigration for 1864 shows 75,000 men, 22,500 tons of freight, 30,000 horses and mules, and 75,000 cattle. It is computed that the population of Kansas in 1870 will reach the aggregate of 300,000, that of California will amount to 1,500,000, Nevada to 180,000, Utah to 240,000, Colorado to 180,000, or a total on the line of the Pacific Central Railroad, in 1870, of two million four hundred and sixty thousand inhabitants, which would allow of two thousand four hundred and sixty miles of railroad, according to the recognised law which governs railroads in America in reference to population. The whole length of the Central Pacific Railroad is 2,045 miles. The English colony of Victoria in 1861 had a total popu lation of 540,322, and possessed 361 miles of railroad, cost ing £35,000 per mile, which paid six per cent., while Cali fornia, with the same population, had only 75 miles of railroad in operation. But besides the prospective increase in population, in overland trade, and the support of the States through which the railway passes, the grants of the general government in bonds and lands make it one of the best investments to offer to European capitalists. That road I have looked upon as the road first to be finished. This is the great central route following Mr. HEENRY'S, 1,200 miles from the Atlantic. But I hold one is not sufficient; and, moreover, if England desires even a partial interest in the trade of the Pacific, she must seek an avenue at once. The question which I have endea voured to put to the English people is, Are they willing to have the whole of the Pacific trade for ever snatched from them? Are they willing to see the highway to India, China, and Japan wholly pass through American territory ? Or are they willing to assist in the construction of a route at once international and expedient ? The Northern or Lake route, and the Canadian are alike impossible at the present. Idaho, Montana, and Dakota are comparatively deserts, and inhabited by tribes of Indians inveterately hostile to the United States. The reports of Major-General G. K. WARREN, U.S.A., Pro fessor Hum, PALISSER, and others, prove these deserts to be forbidding and incapable of agriculturally supporting population. The Great Plains, which extend through this distance, are characterised geologically by a development of the cretaceous formation, which is observed over large Asiatic areas, and, concurring with aridity, constitutes the American desert. Population would have been slowly attracted to these localities but for the discovery of gold. The proposed Canadian route north of the great lakes is unpopulated, marshy, incapable of agricultural improve ment, and dreary in every aspect. The Canadians, now that the proposed Confederation of the British North-American provinces is considered favour ably, are desirous of opening up a route to the territory of the North-West, and thence to the Rocky Mountains. But they halt at once in considering the feasibility or non feasibility of such a route when they contemplate its cost. Professor K. Y. HIND, in his "Narrative of the Canadian Exploring Expedition," says that " any railway passing south of the 49th parallel, must pass for a distance of twelve hun dred miles west of the Mississippi, through uncultivable land; or, in other words, a comparative desert." Major PALISSER, on the other hand, addressing the Duke of Newcastle, says : " The knowledge of the country, on the whole, would never lead me to advocate a line of communication from Canada across the Continent to the Pacific, exclusively through British territory. The time has now gone by for ever for effecting such an object." The Hon. S. P. CHASE, late Secretary of the Treasury, at the conclusion of the chapter on Pacific Railways in his Report on Finance and Commerce for 1864, remarks :-- " The international railroad will be the favorite object of English capitalists on this continent, as the Union Pacific Railroad will combine in its behalf the energies of the Government and citizens of the United States. These two enterprises, therefore, will precede the construction of rail roads on the gulf and lake routes." With your permission, 1 will continue and conclude this subject in your next number, when I think I shall be able to show that the international route is one which presents advantages greatly to be appreciated by the United States, and that the opening up of Hudson's Bay Territory will prove a mine of wealth to the commerce of the State of Minnesota, and the lakes, rivers, and railroads which diverge from that point. It is a question which vitally concerns Canada and ,the English nation, if there is not unselfish patriotism enough, neither sufficient foresight manifested by the Directors of Hudson's Bay Territory. Why, then, when American enterprise pushes her iron pathways to the door of her territory at Perubina, her passengers may push on unasked and quietly settle where they cannot buy. The role of Texas may be repeated. The trade of the Pacific swells into grand proportions; even P. portion of that trade is a prize worthy of the effort of ob taining. The age is one of progress, the march is west ward, the people flock towards the Rocky Mountains, the virgin wealth of the Pacific invites the poverty stricken of Europe. Nations must be up and doing, as well as individuals ; they must not glide with the current and sail with the wind ; they must be the pilots to guide the pioneers opening up the way for millions to follow. THOMAS RA WLINGS, F.R.G.S. Gresham House, London. COUNTRY MARKETS --._._--w~-- NORWICH-SATuRDAy. The supply of both old and new wheat was larger to day than it has been for several weeks past, and the de mand being brisk prices were , firmer. Good malting bar ley maintained late prices ; damp samples neglected. White wheat (weighing 631 b to 641 b), 50s to 54s ; red ditto (weighing 631 b to 651 b), 50s to 52s ; best mal ting barley (weighing 551 b to 561 b), 30s to 33s ; runs ditto (weighing 541 b to 551 b), 28s to 30s ; distilling ditto (weigh ing 521 b to 531 b), 24s to 26s ; oats, 24s to 26s ; beans, 37 0 to 39s ; peas (maple), 36s to 38s per qr ; flour, 338 to —0 Od per sack. YORK-SATURDAY. The show of wheat was pretty fair. Buyers purchased steadily at an advance of 6d to is per qr. The supply of barley fair, and a firm trade about late quotations. Oats by no means plentiful, and late rates were well supported. Beans scarce, and higher rates obtained. New white wheat, 50s to 54s ; new red, 46s to 49s per 86 stone. Barley, for malting, 33s to 36s per qr ; grinding, 30s to 32s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 26s to 28s per 24 stone. Beans, 40s to 42s per 40 stone. Malt, 628; rye, 30s per qr. Flour, 36s to 38s per sack of 2801 b. NOTTINGHAM-SATURDAY. There was a moderate quantity of wheat on offer, there being a sprinkling of white and red descriptions. The de mand slow, but advanced about is per qr. Barley at the last week's rates. Oats firm at extreme currencies. Beans steady at rather over late rates. Old white wheat, 55s to 60s ; old red, 50s to Ms ; new white, 52s to 58s ; new red, 47s to 49s per 36 stone. Bar ley, old malting, 32s to 40s per qr; old grinding, 26s to 28s ; new, -s to —s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 27s to 30s ; new, 20s to 25s ; old foreign, 22s to 27s per stone. Beans, old, 48s to 52s ; new, 40s to 43s per 38 stone. Super flour, 37s to 39s ; fine, 34s to 36s per 20 stone. LEICESTER -SATURDAY. The show of wheat was scarcely an average for the time of year. Inquiry firm, and last week's prices exceeded. Superior barley quite as dear as last week. Oats at about late rates. Beans is per qr. more money. Old white wheat, 55s to 568 ; old red, 50s to Us ; new white, 50s to 52s ; new red, 46s to 49s per 36 stone. Bar" ley, malting, 34s to 39s per qr. ; grinding, 28s to 30s per 80 stone. Oats, old, 28s to 32s ; new, 20s to 255, per 24 stone. Beans, old, 46s to 51s ; new, 42s to 46s per 38 stone. CORK-FRIDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :--Red wheat, 9s 9d to 10s 1d ; white, 9s 9d to lls 3d ; barley, 7 0 to 7s 10d ; oats, 8s Od to 8s 6d ; black oats, 78 4d to 7s 7d; bere, 6s Od to 6s 6d. DUBLIN.-FRIDAY. Steady market at the full prices of last market day. Home wheat 6d to is, and oats and barley 6d over this dal week. Foreign wheat very firm, and 6d to is dearer than last Friday. Indian corn steady. Flour in fair demand, but buyers can supply themselves with Irish on better terms by is per sack than last week. Oatmeal steady. MANUFACTURERS' PROFITS.._The editor of the New England Farmer, in his last " Notes of Travel," says —"A stay of four hours at Lowell gave me an opportu nity to learn that most of the mills are in operation, and earning large dividends for stockholders. I was told by 8 ' gentleman somewhat conversant with the manufacture of cotton, that, on all light cotton goods, a profit of one dollar is made on every pound of cotton used !" Births, DumAs.—On the 9th inst., at 7, The Cedars, Claphasll - the wife of Henry J. P. Dumas, Esq., of ii son. DICRINSON.—On the Bth inst., at Farleigh House, Ring" ston-on-Thames, the wife of Geo. F. Dickinson, Dom" of a son. _ Woo;.—On the 7th inst., at Reading, the wife of the gel• Robert Wood, of a son. Marriages. PRITCHARD—HARVEY.—On the 7th inst., at Hackney, , 51 !i J. B. Pritchard, of Sloane-square, to Martha, the elu e ' daughter of Mr. John Coles Harvey, of Leicester 1100, Lower Clapton, and Friday-street, E.C. rb, SMITH—WALBEY.—On the 7th inst., at the parish ch u—c to Wyddiall, David Smith, Esq., M.D., Buntingford, of Kate, younger daughter of Henry Walbey, Esq./ Wyddiall-Bury, Herts. Deaths. LOCKITT.—On the 7th inst., at the residence of his br othe l Upton Cottage, Lower Tulse-hill, Charles T. Lockett, ° 31, Oxford-street, aged 39. BONAR..— On the 6th inst., at Rossye Lodge, Upper Di°l'. wood, James Bonar, Nq., aged 76. - BODENHAM.— On the sth inst., Charles Thos. Bodenhaph Esq., of Rotherwas, Herefordshire. DAviEs.—On the sth inst., at 5, Onslow-crescent, South Kensington, Wm. T. Davies, Esq., aged 39. GODRICH.—On the Bth inst at his residence, 73 , A delaidr road, Haverstock-hill, N.W., William Godrich, Bs c l" aged 68. Kl a N g G e . d - 4 0 8 n . the sth inst., John King, Esq., of Brentford, London : Printed and Published by Wl-7--LLIAMA.----NUOit of No. 112, Strand, Punter, at 'Viz. SUN (Aloe , 11 _% of Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy . ill tile C9 lOl Igledlesex.rlionday, December 11, 1865. the pre haN ere, pith Rail tlati rat e chat of i stoc tray lran idea b 3 y let con , IQ( Roll( Who blen T $6O Whig vuhf the 2 41 10 , tip s ev€ of tl boo, of b A jet r,k 4 . tl jJI to Ap 444