The Sun. — London, England, 1852-09-07 00:00:00

of F lB . l rere 1 was ,11 ring th e the or' cotton an Iv m 0 THE ANNANDALE PEERAGE. The following is a concise hi , .tory cf this Mug tri'HlS, distinguished, and noble house. The JAnstons of D urnfritos:,hire and Annandale are of very grcllt 128acnnTcitsiq:iniri,tvye,rayn.d ever distinguished f o r th e i r patr i ot i, ln They first became enn o bl e d in th e of Sir James Johnston, who was first crest:id 1 14 64 r 1 , by Johnston in 1633, and then E ar l Hartfield in Charles the First. He was succeeded by on James, second Earl if llntfield, who they,subse uentl b y tu earl of A nnandale. He was succeeded by his ; i n William, the third Earl of the family, but second e Aunandale, who was created Marquis of An nan• dale in the year 1701, by William the Third. He w succeeded by his son by his first wife, James, th e second Marquis, who dying without issue, was !ucceeded by his half-b ro th er , L o rd G e orge, who by afired commission of lunacy was declared of unsound ever since the year 1745, and subsequently 1 - l ' i issue,ving no issue, since when the title has re 114ined in abeyance, and the immense family estates allbeen estranged from the family. It ' wev er, Mr. George Souter Johnston (who t e u rv ed with his regiment. the 38th Foot, in the lest flr lese War,) i s now vigorously prosecuting his ot a t 'tias to be MArqus and Earl of Annandale, and 40n,orcv,n,iinor titles, and to the vast . estates (upwards of fo Per annum) appertaining thereto. Ile ands his cl a i m es sole heir to his father, the late `'Llant and venerable Lieut.-General SouterJohnston, wh4nniandant of all her Mdjegfy's Marine Forces, th e ° W 4B grandson to the first Earl of Hartfield, and hurviving brother to the late Marquis of v ote - c t'stle, and who assumed the title of ch i Peers s i t , as such at the election of the Scotch Peers to 80 1 L 1 the imperial House of Lords about the year and the n pre f erre d hi s c l a i m t o it. The Gallant 'ra a t died in the year 1818, since when his only t : o n n ; the present claimant to the Marquisate and Earl e ' h onours and estates of Annandale, has never -ea, e d as h at Proper peri o d s urging his right of succession op as It ' at law, an d hi s petition to that effect _ of L p re sented some few years ago to the House Bu t Lrcis by the present M arqu i s o f L on d on d erry . witt: 4 " . George Souter Johnston has hitherto met kee_great difficulties in prosecuting his claims to a t oo 'Wul issue by reason of two persons(one a solici deeiag ab,conded with most important original ease to records, and certificates relating to the 4 0 ,0 ° rectify which the most active measures and nod 1 ,4' inquiries are being pursued, which there is a s p :lint will ultimately prove successful, and at once aris . ll ,,, t re st all collateral aspirants, who unjustifiably roap e —e the surname of Johnston, in order to give BOn t :PeCiOUSnesa t o th e i r p re t ens ions. Mr. George e oaa ' r , J ohnston's petition is still pending before the 124 'ttee of Privileges of the house of Lords. - AYMARKE'r THEATRE. p ear t a.a a are happy in being able to record Mrs. Keeley's Mad er after her late severe accident, which Th e eared ance her f or some wee k s una bl e t o p er f orm . ikee, l4 , rat na of Jack Sheppard was revived for the repress and with it was rev i ve d h er ver y p o p u l ar atuiC Be ntative of its hero. A large and fashionable . hY fr e e la n ce assembled to celebrate the event, and testified at th e 'Pent and energetic plaudits their gratification thei r - perfect., restoration of this lady's health, and th e ad m iration of the unimpaired powers of one of our a irst natural and effective actresses who have in Or thaYa endeavoured to sustain the waning fortunes coleb e )3 ritish stage Paul Bedford sustained his rsted role of ilueskin. ZiIORNE GARDENS. 84p t , ' D ESCENT OF MADAME POITEVIN Fo r i , BY A PARACHUTE. areat 1-1110 years the use of parachutes has in a tide itueasure been abandoned. The lamentable sc . - eattril' that Occurred to Mr. Cocking in 1838 di Nueged thoroughly those appendages to an aerial th s e kiikiZ °ll . As so many years have elapsed since ,°: ' 1 1, 11ts : ° f the metropolis have had an opportunity t i a W p it p sB ,..iag a safe descent from a balloon by means "Yed a-4eu ate, a description of the apparatus em - T he a n this occasion may prove interesting. _ out tett f,:, e ar is composed of light wicker-work, b 1 Istr ( ; e ` in d iameter, secured by means of ropes t teet i ri t/ g, circular iron tubing, about twelve or fi a fte l e a t n e (ebteiftrueter. Between the car and the circular t lil k ar fral lle alluded to, is firmly attached some stop %la oral to elastic frame-work, similar to that riag' in rY umbrella, which it greatly resembles, ' a tli Closed during the ascent and expanding to tec ill , 8 course of the descent. In order ktai 8 th e proper expansion of the parachute, ft °ta to a void any accident, M. Poitevin has the, lexperience found it advisable to open t itlit4 t t v e of the balloon and discharge a considerable " t4 i 1 c 3; °f a g", by which means two advantages are ( 1 1 ' 34 ile t - a -- "rat, the ascertainment of the due expan -049f„,""e Parachute and secondly, by thus having i k vity lv , ," the balloon ' of a great part of its " force of , - 9e Dar Prevents its dangerously rapid ascent after 1 ; 11111 1a — e a o ° 1 1 . 11 te ‘ has been detached . from it. Having Ne t ] .` l° llecr a few of the principal particulars con teed t° t With the construction of a parachute, we pro :lefla,„u it the ascent and descent of Mons. and Vltlh i l Poi+evin .sterday evening. M. Poitevin Zitti D ,,,, a 'adY (who vas driven into the gardens by Mr. ite - 4 ; h r ' at half-past *ix o'clock precisely) having ,e,lts 4 ; q eir Brats in their repectivo cars, orders were Iv "lie •nr those sho held the balloon to let . go, when "h h aae n ent ' accomplished in beautiful style. . 4 v o %! l l,:vet v dl a t: bv.m-common, and about 5,000 feet 01:1"e earth, P the parachute was detached,andso k - ect e Y Were the arrangements made, that to the Ci tl d 4t°l ; s t he parachute appeared for some time sui t ii, lr itl e g (l 4, ,he air without any sensible descent u n lit r ,,,, %ce ; ~ titer . which it slowly, and then sensibly but slowly descended ; et. "du way it appeared again to be stationary, L,4tlng velocity, arrived t re the balloon was w ith apparentlypde.: Y' at the earth. M. Poi- 41:47:16clessacfeehlYt parachuteaccomplished Ere descent at Streatham, ti m k itil ig . , B . and T t was broug w h a t to t h o od te w rr i a th fi m r u n o z a h . e e ° e t a errod Ct, 41 Y to be considered pr E i ) Be an a d pp d ea ro re v d e toaftebre it in great . t hs -8 °f the de a p r esumptuous feat, but the steadi- , ki r ° Was reassured the spectators, and 3111 1 , a general expression of admiration. It is Z'tit ia ; eredit s z b ee l::: °ll 0 4 lard Mr. Simpson, - the lessee of Cre t tt. d ens, that before allowing the descent of h t ' t ati, r t 4 a Y l i he requested that the parachute should ti, ti lier tk u wed to come down leaded with a weight tilittie wiea4;eatltitu,,na.aaan being, to test its safety ; and 9 144 X Peri ktiltiggill,:airairit;uorfaiday made, as we stated in Friday's ... last. Madame Poitevin to s haveevi great courage, and is saido tira"qtleritY 30 descents by parachute abroad. The ba,„ (l .Wha t d unf avourable character of the weather kle m `tlg's u nPed the pleasure of the afterpartof the h_ tl llsr. e ntertai n attar and enarnodatian tnents, which partook of an open q,ev. ncter h a ,. }l.,' - mitigated by the Rtp t ' tico ' - "“is was greatly afforded by the . numerous ale 110Aeci , enarenient arbours the spacious theatre, &c. l 'ili- t ' it le L a. ° th!os es tablishment. In the latter Madame he" Rr Tvas tp t e tted introduced to the anxious assemblage, 1° tibr theers her safe arrival by three rounds of NO cat • The other sources of entertainment 4 ar t a i ss y e4 d for at these gardens were of their 1444 d El2ele nee- Madame Poitevin will make escent on Thursday next. _.....,...............__________ Ilh „41,...17„ '-e-FrE EDITOR OF THE SUN. 141),;Iiip,C Your article in The Sun newspaper be l lbo ti /I , l it it . 1 respecting Frail, the barber, y ou seemtobe °4 pl. i l llder a Thist ake respecting his present where- ill seed, ay ay a nd sw at Mach nlleth, Montgomeryshire, h' ° is Saturd a last, Y where I had the pleasure r 'R t4 t 1 ) . 1 sq o 4 „ lld spealeng to that distinguished topso of ,^'Qo h iolti, -Nog there at present for the benefit , 1 1; 41 tbi!, ,after the fatigue of the late elections. soas ' te' l lß u; luformation be of any value to you, it .. l4 A"ti a,s e rilodern Oliver Le Darn and party 4 ' • , =" 4 Re t'll' t I k oh count of their stewardship," I shall be l 'tleiv i - L 1114 Y depend upon uo u , i its correctness, but I - I ° l3 g he may remain there :. Lt am, Sir, yours re4pectfully, . t 4 , p qotel , A L A CONSTANT READER. ortr/ e ''uFrVst with, Sept 6. tl ta Ib kf -- ------___. - Yq t , ho l ,, , esterday Mr. Brent held an inquesa, 'Nl,ht4ifp,%:lti,uBpodnitrAation, at: the Mitre, Connaught-terrace, yel l , ,sfieia,(xrathorex, aged 34, 44 r a i ll t see,, 3 family, 4 Stanhope-place. Mrs. Hankey, late housemaid two 1 4 4 ' her I:" , Stated that deceased, who had lived _ Net Lily n .eit unti Nlit, 4 tll I on, always conducted herself soberly and tt tt 'l4. 4 tid afati_Thursday when, while dining, she flung tll tPkt . .,l lt .hr - : it '._ on the ' table, and rush . ed in . to her bea- S v t ti)6 l , io e fitness followed her, and havinfs interrogated PlitOtt % ' 7, 81 1 , k r strange conduct without getting a satisfac -14 ' lll .' 11 nd vr° ght her into the presence of her fellow -I",,ttr'l„l%. Slie 4 ;. ke d, her if there was anything the matter i. l 4 .6 it h trie"P'u'd, "Nothing. I can't tell what is the el, ° :' , i k e sn B i i b 'Witness then asked her if she was in love, hi '4I ‘ '' l lid! , t ,"• She said, "No; but I must say that Itet,s liati". (the butler). Witness further asked if 1, e/ N tit ..x given her any cause for that attachment. She 41 N1'er 4 . l ° e , ,lint at all. I cannot state the reason why h,'so r , s l'iti ß i' th et seven the next morning witness found t kft t : 4 0 ,,"'ed AO i bed-room in such a frightful state that o%ktl ' . -111 t his ' elatield of it, and he sent for Dr. Bruce, . I tig arri r i 0% 1m)to bid ai, pronounced life extinct. Shortly Pl.%4 4 Ve.Suld Jecease4 told her fellow-servant that she li,,, ° Yed" cl e ,„ 4 in that night. Dr. Bruce said that when m,;. . 0 „ lit r . ,`,,4Bed had been two hours dead, having I N 'ti `', str , : it i heT i ; 133' twisting two aprons tightly several .1,44 affeeti,seelc. Mr. Judge having proved that the I rtl Vt 'dici., 4 ,.. was wholly inexplicable, the jury re lON . Qp, 'lnsanity oh, le •‘.l.ls T • b i4 t - sr n ot th - 0 11 wrni THE DUCHESS OF KENT...—. i th e e slightest chance of the Duchess of Kent KENT.— 'at ~'"s It was run d - the river a few weeks A,14 •P lit av eils , own in . s ,, ,s tir ed ~ oourne, Antwerp steam-ship, , it to , iiii i 4e b ail 0 tO b e ever being able to run as a passenger-boat j i l l t it t :Sti o4 4 Bor n : e l l en g ? t on to the mud-bank at Grays, but tiOct b tlt ele lost i tAisted and shattered as to render have R her. Very i j i a t l jPssible. Her engines, however c , os h of 4, 11 rte 4, le, and will amply repay the t 1: 4 4 44 4 t I ' I TIA, It.. 'pi , 'Ay Ir. A ~,..."- oar. Beadon, the sitting rang's' t o kt4 lt„ t 'll a t4:li . .ag . ed " in Yle i r the chief clrk, were for some time 4,,,_ i ve _ e ?3,ai „swerin; a number of volunteers to m1 . 4;, 5 , 131411," strninster Mlitia. The questions Etna si4 til e ..._'ar to those required when a recruit is sworn may. THE SPORTING NOTES. No. CCCI. SUN, THE WARWICK MEETING. TO THE EDITOii OF THE SUN. Era,--The starters for the principal races to-morrow I am not enabled to give, on eceount of the clouds of doubt which surround the running of many horses, but it is tilerably clear to my vision that the C.'s will occupy the first and second places for the Borough Han dicap—Charley end Charming Woman for choice; that ilirsuta will carry off the Great Warwickahiro Stakes; that Little Harry will bs first, and Teddington second, for the Warwick Cup; that Paddy ,Bird and Gladiola will cccupy the first two places for tils County Stakes, lanthe aid Tophana being well up; that Bullfinch and Remunerator ought to be first and second for the Welter Cup; that Warwick and Cotton Lady should hold the premier poAtions for the Town Plate; and that Charley or Margaret of Arjou will walk over for the Avon Stakes. The betting this morning on to-morrow's races was as follows:—Borough Handicap-2 to 1 agrt Charley. Warwick Cup-6 to 4on Little Harry, 2to 1 agst Teddingtoe, sto 1 agst Cariboo, 10 to Imy ot!aer. County ,takes-2 to 1 agst Paddy Bird, 4to 1 agst Gia diok, 6to 1 ngst lanthe. Welzer Cup--3 to 1 agst Bullat,ch, 4 to 1 each .gst Remunerator and Brawn, 6 to 1 any other. Town Plate-3 to 1 each agat Warwick and Cotton Lady, 6 any oth , -r. It will be sten by c.frinp ring my remarks with the betting that the public t:lte the same view of the results as I do; which necessitates, if my predictions should prove to be true, a heavy loss to the fielders. _ Le Juif is doing good work, will accept, and, I fancj, be a peat favourite for the CesareA itch. Ilernanthz is going on all right, will not be brought out before the First October Meeting, when he seems destined to be triumphant in the third bout of the Third Triennial Sakes, having already won the first and se cond heats.—l am, &c. Sept. 7. THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF. SPORT IN 14 IN TELLIGEN CE. TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY. THE LEAMINGTON STAKES. 3 to 1 agst Lord Wilton's Lady Evelyn—taken sto 1 agst Mr. Palmer's Goldfinder—taken and afterwards offered Towards the close of the betting, 3 to 1 was taken freely about Lady Evelyn. Hugo was declared not to start at 4•15 r.M. Bush ranger was scratched for this and his other Warwick engagement in the morning. WARWICK CUP. 5 to 4 agst Mr. Howard's Little Harry 2 to 1 agst Mr. J. M. Stanley's Teddington—t 5 to 2 9 to 1 offered agst any other DONCASTER CHAMPAGNE STAKES. Even on The Reiver. THE GREAT YORKSHIRE HANDICAP. 5 to 1 agst Lord Glasgow's Knight of the Garter-4 ST. LEGER. 5 to 2 agst Lord Exeter's Stockwell—take 3 to 1 3 to 1 agst Mr. John Scott's Songstress—taken and afterwards offered 4 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke—taken and afterwards offered 8 to 1 apt Duke of Richmond's Harbinger 9 to 1 agst Lord Derby's Longbow The only bets were on John Scott's two, the mare most in favour, but the outlay moderate. Offers to take 10 to 1 each about Harbinger and Trousseau. THE CESAREWITCH STAKES. 1,000 to 30 agst Mr. Greville's Scarecrow 1,000 to 30 agst Mr. Phillips' Le Juif DERBY. 1,200 to 100 laid agst The Reiver Nothing else mentioned. COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, SEPT. 5. Her Majesty drove yesterday in an open carriage to the Ballock Bhuie, accompanied by the Princess Hohenlohe Langenbourg. His Royal Highness Prince Albert went out deer stalking. The dinner party yesterday included ber Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Princess Ade laide of Hohenlohe Langenbourg, and Lady Augusta Bruce. The Right Hon. J. W. Henley arrived in town on Saturday night from the continent. The Right Hon. Gentleman transacted business yesterday at the Board of Trade. The Marquis of Winchester had an interview with Mr. Secretary Walpole yesterday at the Horne-office. Mr. Bond Cabbell, M.P., had also an interview with the Right Hon. Secretary. Dispatches were received from the Governor-Ge neral of Canada yesterday at the Colonial-office. Dispatches were also received from the Governors of the West India Islands. HOP IN 1 ELLIGEN CE. MAIDSTONE.—Tho weather during the last few days as done wonders for the hops, which are growing rapidly and looking exceedingly well. There is a little blight in some of the plantations, but it is nothing to signify. We shall grow a 'very large crop provided the weather continues lite. The duty is estimated at 240,0001. LENHAM.—Tbe effects of the fine weather are fully discernible in our plantations, übich present a really beautiful appearance. The hops are very clean, there being no vermin and but little mould. They will pay a large duty—some go so far as naming 235,0004 HIINTON.—The hops look remarkably well. Here and there is a little piece affected by the mould, but it is far from being general, and although much tumbled about by the late storm, yet we shall grow a capital crop. CANTERBIJAY.—A week or two since we were deplor ing the presence of mould in our hop gardens, accom panied by other discouraging appearances, and could discern little else than a limited crop and an inferior quality. The veil has heen removed, the weather has been propitious, and an a b un d ant and excellent produce will now bo the result. The Lops are fast approaching maturity; they never looked better; and picking will soon become general. Already has a beginning been made in some grounds. The poles are bending with clusters of fine hops, many of them measuring nearly four inches in length. At Sturry Boughton, Fordwick, and other places, the same result has attended the very favourable weather of the past week. The duty is ad vancing, and may now be safely estimated at upwards of 205,0001. BURWASH.—We have recovered in great measure from the gale, and the present genial weather brings the hops forward very fast; in many gardens there will be but a top crop, but they are clear from vermin, and will produce a good sample; altogether our prospects are cer tainly cheering. EAST KENT.—In the hop district the attention is now drawing to the hops, which are a good crop, and the Irish are again on the roads to their annual places of work; and they will be much required to gather in the large crop. On the Hill district some care will be required in picking, as there is some mould. Although sulphur has been wed to a considerable extent, there is a little of the evil to be found. Some pieces dressed with sulphur at cutting time have been much improved, though not cured entirely.—Sussex Express. FARNHAM, ALTON, AND COUNTRY DISTRICTS.—Our plantations have made great progress during the past week, and bid fair for a good crop, both as to quantity and quality. Picking will be pretty general about has 7th September. Mr. Charles Attfield, of p been presented with a medal for hops shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and has received an order to supply her Majesty the Queen with some of his growth of the present year.—South-Eastern Gazette. NEW Hors.—A pocket of Kent hops, of very supe rior quality for first pickings, grown by J. Winn, Ton. bridge, has arrived at market, and been sold by Messrs. Meese and Wild to Messrs. Kitohin and Thornton at 81. per cwt. FUNERAL OF THE LATE DUKE OF HAMILTON. The mortal remains of the late venerable Duke, which arrived at the Motherwell station, about a mile and a half distant from Hamilton Palace, on Thursday, were without the least delay conveyed to the palace. The funeral took place on Saturday last, the present Duke of Hamilton, the Hon. C. A. Murray, Hon. Captain Mu , ray, and other immediate rela tives and friends of the defunct Duke attending at the mournful solemnity. The magnificent mausoleum was con secrated on Wednesday last by the Bishop of London, pre paratory to the remains of the late Duke being placed in their last resting-place. SUPPOSED MURDER AT SHEFFIELD.-011 Friday evening about half-past seven two children, who were gather ing blackberries in a hedge-bottom at Eastbank, about a mile and a half to the south-east of Sheffield, discovered the dead body of a man almost concealed among the bushes that had overgrown the ditch. Upon an examination of the body by persons drawn together by the information of the children, it was found that the right cheek was mangled by an extensive semicircular wound, extending from the lower lip down the chin, following the lower jaw, and turning up ward to the corner of the eye. It was likewise found that there was a slight cut from the right side of the nose down ward, crossing the larger wound, and that the jaw -bone was broken. A few yards further 'down the hill a pool of blood was discovered, and marks upon the grass as though a heavy body had been there, and been dragged away. The right hand trousers' pocket was turned inside out, and the only property found on the body were two small song books and a new pair of lady's scissors. Various parts of the clothes were much smeared with blood. The appearance of the body led to the belief that it must have remained undis turbed for a day or two, for the blood was blackened and the wound flyblown. At an inquest held on Saturday evidence was given which leads to the belief that the body was that of Mr. A. Robinson, a travelling draper, residing in Spring_ gardens, Doncaster, but who regularly visited Sheffield once or twice a week. After hearing this evidence the inquest was adjourned to Wednesday next. ANNETTE ; A TALL—Under this title, a n ew work is announced for immediate publication, which is likely to attract a large share of public attention. It is from the pen of the late William Frederick l;eacon, eo well known for his long connexion with the metropolitan press. The interest attacking to this publics ion will be greatly enhan ce d f rom the circumstance that the tale is to be pre faced by a M emo i r of the aut h or, wr itten lay the Hon. Sir T. N. Talfourd. UNIFORM ITY OF T IME.— Exeter i s taking the lead Royaladoption to in answer, a question put t o hi m in reference to the tidal regulations, says that an alteratio n i n the time would only re quire the next edition of the print e d tables to be altered. The Admiralty would have to be memorialised before the Dockyard and other Government clocks could be altered at Plymouth and Devonport, but after the Astronomer Royal's opinion in re ference to the tide tables, we may expect a favourable view of the question in that quarter. There can be no doubt but that uniformity of time would be a great desideratum, and we hope to tee it effected. :SPIRIT of the PUBLC JOURNALS. FROM THE MORN/KG PAPERS OF THIS DAY. TIMES.—A few clays ago we laid before the pubic an outline of the owe between the Peruvian and American Governments respecting the territorial sovereignty of the Lobos Islands. These islands are barren and uninhabitable rocks, emerging from the Pacific Ocean at a distance of some twenty or thirty miles from the northern shores of Peru. Without any capacities for agricultural production, and long considered as almost worthless property, they have recently acquired a value from the rich deposits of guano which they have been found to possess. As the importance of this commodity became manifest, the Government of Peru converted its heretofore nominal rights over the territory into active jurisdiction, and stationed vessels of war off the islands to prevent any shipments of guano except on terms of its own pre scribing. The British Government, though moved to opposition by its subjects, deferred to the authority thus exercisd, but the United States resisted the claim, and alleged that the Peruvians had no such title to the territory as would give them exclusive rights of possession. They claimed the liberty, in short, of taking the guano without paying for it, and, when a trader of New York applied to his Government for information on the subject, he W3S apprised by Mr. Webster that the " De partment. of State" was 46 not aware" of any sovereignty vesting in Peru, but that whereas Ben jamin Morrell, jun., a citizen cf the States, had " discovered " these islands in 1823, it was possible that a certain title might pertain to the American Government itself. Since that time, the correspon denrJe which ensued between Mr. Webster and the Peruvian Minister at Washington has been laid be fore Congress, and we yesterday published the letter in which, under so recent a date as the 21st ult., the American Secretary maintains at length his own views of the question. The case of the Peruvian Government may be premised in a very few words. The islands in question designated by dis tinctive Spanish names, lie within a couple of hours' sail of the shore in a well-frequented sea. That they were not " occupied " in the formal sense of the term is true, for they were unfit for habi tasion ; but so notoriously had they been both " discovered " and appropriated that there is scarcely any good map, however ancient, which does not contain them, laid down and attached to what were then the old Spanish provinces of Peru. There is, in fact, not the smallest reason for pre suming that they escaped the knowledge or visits of those who settled or conquered the shores of the mainland ; nor is it in any degree probable that, before the uses of guano were known, any State or Government would have questioned the title or juris diction of Peru. It is against such evidence as this that Mr. "Webster is reduced to plead. The original demurrer of the American Secretary rested on the double argument that Peru could show no claim at all, and that the States could produce the "disco very" of Benjamin Morrell in 1823. Unfortunately, however, for the latter plea, Mr. Webster himself has now been induced to found a third argument on facts of a totally opposite character, and whereas, in his communication to Captain Jewett, he had spoken with studied respect of Benjamin Morrell's claims of disco very, he is now fain to defend himself against the appeals of the Peruvian Minister by the assertion that the citizens of the United States have been accus tomed to frequent these islands for fishing purposes ever since the year 1793 at the very latest—that is to say, for 30 years at least before their imputed discovery by Benjamin Morrell ! And " all this," now adds Mr. Webster, "is well known to the commercial world." Yet, nevertheless, the Ameri can Secretary in his note to the Peruvian Envoy does positively venture to allude again to this " supposed discovery," not indeed as " founding an exclusive right on the part of the United States (!)" but as "a fact fit to be considered in common with other facts and occurrences," and the import of this memorable " fact" he thus sums up :—" The truth appears to be that Captain Morrell was on a voyage of discovery, and did, in fact, discover, or was sup posed to have discovered—guano on these islands !" We trust that this argument will commend itself in its full force to the appreciation of European states men. The " discovery" of territory by an American thirty years after it had been confessedly frequented by other Americans, is still spoken of as somethi ng "supposed," of t h e ueanqaasstia "fact" which, tho ug h not con clusive on, is " fit to be co ns id ere d" b y j the side of others. Finally, what was originally ad vanced as the discovery of the island itself is com muted for the discovery of something upon it ; so that if gold were suddenly to be found in the Isle of Man by a Frenchman, Louis Napoleon's Government might plead a claim to the mines. With regard to the positive title of Peru Mr. Webster is equally at fault for any arguments to invalidate the pretensions of that State. Its territorial rights, infect, were as plain, as notorious, and as well recognised as any rights could be over territory of that description. The islands were not inhabited, for they were uninhabitable, but they were set down and described as Peruvian property when ever they were described at all. The Government of Peru did not maintain any protective force on the shores in question, because they were not imagined to contain anything worth protection ; but as soon as he negotiability of guano became known the juris diction of the State was duly exerted. As it is per fectly incontestable that the sovereignty of Peru over this territory received all the recognition that was claimed for it, the only true question is whether the sovereignty has been permitted to lapse. F orty years ago there would not have been a doubt about the Pe ruvian title, which was as plain as that of Greet Britain to Australia, or of the United States to their unoccupied prairies. Now, however, Jr, Webster asserts that, inasmuch as the Americans have habitually resorted for more than half a century to these islands for the pursuit of seals and other animals, they have acquired a " better title," on the score of possession, " than could be maintained by Peru ; as if a long-established en croachment of fishermen on a foreign shore could confer on the State to which those fishermen belonged a right to enter on possession of the territory itself. No person can pretend to doubt that the sovereignty of these islands has been presumed from time imme morial, in so far as any thought was given to such a subject, to be vested in the Peruvian Government. The first notable exercise of its jurisdiction took place in 1833. Mr. Webster speaks of this act of sovereignty as "now appearing," just as if it had not previously been understood ; whereas he is compelled to admit that it actually produced a correspondence between the two Governments of Washington and Peru. This correspondence, too, he endeavours to turn to his own account, though it contains a complete refutation of his claims. When the Government of Peru, at the period above mentioned, warned off foreign vessels from the Lobos Islands, the American Envoy at Lima did certainly put in a remonstrance, but in this re monstrance, as Mr. Webster himself confesses, so far from denying the original jurisdiction of the Peru vian Government, he actually solicited a modifica tion of the decree in favour of the American fisher men who "had been allowed quietly to follow their occupation for so many years.' Yet, in the very next paragraph of his note, Mr. Webster observes, " Here then is a formal remonstrance on the part of the United States against the asserted sovereignty of Peru over the Lobos Islands, to which no answer, as far as appears, was given." Now, if the reader will but reflect that in the preceding passage of this idetn tical note Mr. Webster himself bad described this very remonstrance as "not formally denying the original right of Peru, but requesting a reconsidera tion of the decree," he will readily appreciate the justice of the conclusion which the American Secre tary now declares to constitute the " standing ground " of his countrymen. The fishermen and "sealers" of the States had long frequented without license the shores of certain islands always set down and distinguished as Peruvian territory. When warned off no exception is taken to the jurisdiction exercised, but consideration is requested for the claims of usage in this particular occupation. Yet this " re monstrance" is now cited as a protest destructive of Peruvian sovereignty, and conveying to American citizens the right of entering upon the islands them selves to seize and export what they can find. CHRONICLE , —The restless and aspiring citizens of the United States cannot endure the thought that any of the treasures of the western hemisphere should overreach in the h reac belong to otbers. With untiring energy t hey make effort after effort to grasp the p rizes which most tempt their longing eyes. Even if t he y fail, there is doubtlessmere m a tt something u n t g wi p t l , e t a o san fr t ig t h o te t o h , ei o r r fa t n o c their neighbours. They have tried bard for the s ugars s t e o t h o i and cigars of Cuba, and their only " order" of chi valry is bound by piratical vows to drag the " Lone Star" into their orbit. They have secured the c o d of the Bay of Fundy ; and now they covet the rich guano deposits of the Lobos Islands. The American Secretary himself throws but a very slender veil of sophism over the barefaced attempts of his keen and sharpwitted countrymen ; and so much is usually done by perseverance, audacity, and reckless assertion, that the justification, such as it is, of success, may very possibly reward his and their joint efforts. It is dif ficult to help giving some credit to a statement which is repeated again and again. There seems a sort of legitimacy in any claims that are constantly and uehesitatingly brought for word ; and the facts on which international rights depend are often alike unknown and uninteresting to the mass of men. It is easy to pervert them—easy to make any statement respecting them that may suit the purpose of the mo ment. It happens, however, that the claim put for ward by the Americans to appropriate the guano of the Lobos Islands is asserted at a time when English men are peculiarly well able to judge of the merits of the question. Some of our own countrymen lately made a similar claim, but the English Govern ment refused to sanction it. Our agriculturists and s hipowners were too deeply interested in the result to paragraph .--,‘ .TTAC K UPON BRITISH SHIPPING IN THE /lilt" - tr m Taganrog and Constantinople, NE "lis.—The Gibraltar Chronicle contains the following Captain George Reed, of the British barquhe L- o ° ll y, of Newcarle, which vessel arrived here on the 16t port :—` On the lid of July, at one o'clock A.IL, w hilst the barque was coming down the Dardanelles, the Turks fired twelve guns of round and grape shot into her, which carried twelve gun 3 of round and grape shot into her, whiC qutit rent g bring of a way sma o l iae of the topmast back -stays, with a great clufin d l i a Y . patched (the Turks) demanded rope, and cut the gaff topsail into ribbons; Turkish the boat to the old Castle of Europe, with dollarsthe Iv. pass given him at Constantinople, and two which they the vessel to an anchor, in consequence of running down, and a gale of wind blowing , and dached they fired at her, would not allow the crew to land, ; m b a u k t es a t s h e t following lon ra ap proached refused to take tbe pass. The captain could not - a windlassstrong curs being. broken at the time. Captain Reed gives Publicity toe t.t.pes,n order that some notice may be taken, " prevent Ilk occurring again., ~ nguished sculler on the river. it a DEATH MEN.-011 Sarurd 3 °l' TWO WELL-KNOWN WAT" at the Five Bell ~„.Y an inquest was held by Mr. W. Carter, _ 8 1 avern Bermondsey, earedmes Lewes, a disti • , on the body wast returned. A second inquir 9 y the t been putf the ships in the river ..aboard a boat to get into one G . lifelessbody r' ,at Gore's -roads, and in the evening his was discovered lying on the shore on Messrs. Dudden's app that he had causeway, at Bermondsey. Thejury considered he had c cidentally fallen into the water, and a verdict to that effect or at the Hero of Waterloo Tavern, Waterloo-road, on th e time, and on her return him body of T homas Cookson, one of the great rowers of former days, who was found dead under singular circumstances. Of late . he h James Baylis, has become paralys d, and was, out of kindness, put withhis wife, ; muster -road, took place before Mr. Car. On Wednesday his wife left him for a short arouse him, and dead.--,_ .sent for a surgeon, in a stupor; she tried to v erd ict—Accidental death. A most SHOCKING DEATH BY FIREARMS.-- . shock ing occurrence has just happened at the village of Longford, near Gloucester. It appears that a labouring man, named had lately been employed at harvest work, for which de scription of labour there has lately been a great demand, was the g o ing on Friday morning to stack some beans. It is th barrel, and living at the Workhouse farm, Longford, w h o sup posed that he had seen some partridges on the previous day, for he had taken down his gun before going to work, and act of depositing the barrel in his had loaded it for the purpose of taking it with him. Having, however, the fear of the law before his eyes, he resolved to put the gun, loaded as it was, into his jacket pocket. He pocket, muzzle foremost, therefore took the stock from 't ' lle barrel, and, having loaded when it ' is supposed that the nipple, with the percussion cap upon it, struck with violence against a rafter in the ceiling put the cap upon the nipple, he was i n of the room and exploded. Tho charg e of shot p as sed corn. p l etely through his body an d heart, and, with an exclama tion to hi s wite, he fell down a corpse in the room. Hi s wife, who was in bed at the time, rushed down stairs, and was just in time to see her husband fall lifeless upon the floor. An inquest has since been held on the body, b e f ore "Accidental ove g ro ve, coroner for Gloucestersh ire, and a verdict of death" ed Was return • Sir James C ar „ g i e . B e rt., of Smthesk, and the Hon. Lady Catherine and family, arrived at Kinnaird Castle on Tuesday last, from Gland ye, where the worthy knight has been enjoying the sport 01 the moors. A large and select party is expected soon to share in the partridge and deer bunting; for which the estate a Kinnaird is o celebrated. omit to urge every available plea for treating , those precious rocks as th e common property might choose to v i,it them. But the rights of the .of all . who Pe:uviati lief iblic vverf• so clearly indisputable that our Foreign Liecretary h a d no c h o i ce b u t t o declare that British su lj ecta could not be protected in carrying off th e property of Peru against her will. Perhaps th e ar d our of the Americans may have do rived a fresh stimulus from the thought that they are seeking what England has failed to obtain. At all event:, it is difficult to believe that the real grounds of the Peruvian claim are known either to the people or to the Government of the United States. The facts, however, are so few and simple that con tinued ign orance w i ll be inexcusable. A brief sum mary will convi nce any European, at least, that Peru has right on h er s i de, if she has not might. The Lobos Islands —that i s, the islands of the sea-wolves or seals —c ons i st o f two groups, lying respectively about t we l ve an d forty one miles from the coast of Peru. Th e i r S pan i sh name, and their proximity to the contine n t, wou ld alone incite it prima facie pro bable that they were, from an early period, reckoned as part of the dominions of Spain, and that they therefore belong to the Republic which has now suc ceeded to her rights. There is abundant evidence that they have, in point of fact, been so treated by Spanish authorities. A map, which was in all pro batility made 200 3'ears ago, an d th e l o n g itude of which is calculat e d from Toledo, pl ac e s a group of islands, inscribed "Isolas de los Lobos," within the territory of Peru ; and it is add e d, i n a note at the b o tt om , t h at they Were first discovered in 1574. In 1748, two eminent Spanish navigators, Juan an i D'Ulloa, publish e d a narrative of voyages in which the Islands of Lobos are specially mentioned by name as one of the point s to be made, or at least to be sighted, by vessels bound to Paita; and in 1787, Alcedo, in his " Geographical and Historical Dictioh ary"—an authority which even Mr. Webster, in his dispatch we published yesterday, affects to respect, while attempting to evade its d ec i sion—part i cular l y describes them as comprised within the Vice-Royalty of Peru. Accordingly, when, i n 1834, the British schooner Campeadora was employed in seal-fishing off the islands, without the permission of the Peruvian Government, the local authorities laid an embargo on the vessel. It is material to bear in mind that, as guano was not then known as an article of foreign commerce, it was not for the sake of that recently de- ' veloped source of wealth that th e Peruvian Govern ment thus treated the islands as part of its possessions. The matter was brought under the notice of Lord Palmerston, who was then Foreign S ecretary, and he acquiesced, without the slightest hesitation, in the claims of Peru. In 1847, the Government of the Republic had a survey made of all th e its dominions were guano found, and in that survey the Lobos Islands are minutely described, and places within the amount of their stores carefully estimated. In short, the title of Peru to the Lobos Island s is as clear as any title can be to a territory not actually occu pied by man. The islands have not been inhabited, tor the best of all reasons—viz., that no human being could have any inducement to. 'wear away life on partially covered barren rocks of slate and granite, with beds of manure. That . the Peruvians have not been in the habit of resorting thither for guano is readily explained by the fact that they possess bound less stores of the precious commodity i n more acces sible spot s . B u t they have not alto get h er neglected the islands. F rom time immemorial, the Peruvian Indians have been accustomed to go there to obtain seals, birds, and eggs, cargoes of which articles they have carried to different places on the coast. The Government, however,. fearing, the birds would be scared away by strangers, and that the deposits would consequently cease, have attempted,. by every means in these India ns . be a more It i t s h e d i i r ffi p c o u r t er t , o t s o ee pr h e o v w ent th t e h r e e v e is o l u ts lde e' com plete occupation of a spot which derives the whole of its value from the fact of its being un i nhabited. As for the pretence that theislands were only di scovere d in the 19th century, no t on l y is it c ontrary to know n historical fact, but th e i r geog raphical position renders it utterly absurd. They are but a portion of a great bank of rocks which rise above the surface at different points of the Peruvian coast. Centuries before Eu ropeans ever saw the Pacific, the subjects of the Incas knew the uses and the value of guano ; and all islands in their vi c i n it y , con t a i n i ng deposits of a sub stance on which the agriculture of Peru entirely de pends, must have been known to the Indians as well as the Scilly or the Channel Islands are to ourselves. "Both islands," says M. de Rivero, in a letter ad dressed last May to Lord Malmesbury, "may be easily seen by any vessel navigating the space which divides them—a course which is taken generally by almost all the vessels engaged in the coasting trade on that part of the coast of Peru." It is a cur i ous i llustration of the quiet manner in which a gentleman sitting behind a table at Washington, or in Downing-street, disposes of the ends of the earth, that Mr. Webster could coolly say, a month or two ago, " It is quite probable that Ben jamin Morrell, junior, who, as master of the schooner Watson, of New York, visited those islands in Sep tember, 1823, may justly claim to have been their discoverer. H e gives a f u ll account of them in his narrative, published in New York in 1832." It must have struck Peruvians as a little remarkable, that islands among which their boats and catama rans had been plying for many generations should have been " discovered" in 1823. It will be seen, however, that Mr. Webster himself is aware, by this time, that be went a trifle too far when he advanced that extraordinary theory. In his la test dispatch on the subject, t h e c l a i ms of the American skipper are wonderfully attenuated ; and " the truth appears to be that Captain Morrellwas on a voyage of disco very, and that he did!? fact discover, or was supposed to have discovered the islands themselves, but —"guano on those islands. The recklessness with which Mr. Webster advances assertions which he is compelled to retract almost as soon as uttered, and th e audacity with w hich he supposes" whatever suits the purpose of the mo ment, may relieve us fr om the necessity of pursuing his argument further. But the truth is, these are but idle histori ca l di squ i s iti ons i n the eyes of Americans — totally beside the question when they want guano, and are not afraid of war. This is the reel secret of their high word s . Th ey are, or think they are, prepared for war, f or th ey h ave never yet felt what it truly is. They see it only on its bright side, as the readiest mode of gratifying their wishes ; a n d men who can look on war i n suc h a l i ght are usually prompt and unhesitating in all th ey d o. We hope, however, that . we may infer from th e c l os i ng paragraph of WM: e l - ster's last dispatch, i n w hi ch he condemns "private war," and talks of " further examination ofthe case," that the Cabinet of' Washington have not . . fully t decided to carry off the guano first, and inquire into their right afterwards. At all events, if the . _ t Ame ricans resort to force without any pretence of right, their conduct must be set in its true light. ever may be the issue of thi s dispute, it concer ns not only Great Britain, b a t a ll mankind, that the simple truth le truth of the case should b e universall knowni the that American cupidity sh ou l d be r ip ped s mask of just i ce w hi c h a perversion and falsification of facts might enable it to assume. A (From the New York Daily Tribune.) We took a hasty glance on Monday at the new steam -ship, building by Perrine, Patterson, and Stack, in Williamsburgh, and intended to test tho roughly the celebrated caloric engine invented by Captain Ericsson, end which, if successful, bids fair to supersede steam in all the innumerable uses to which that power is applied. Captain John Ericsson, a distinguished theoritical and practical mechanic, member of many scientific so cieties, an d K night of the Order of Vasa, was born in Vermeland, Central Sweden, in 1803. His strong taste for mechanics while a child was noticed by Count Platen, an influential member of the Swedish Court, who procured f o r E r i csson (when o n l y n i ne years old) a place as cadet in an engineer corps, and at t hir f te t e h n e years old d be was mad e a l eve ll er in the survey . o ship canal f rom t h e B altic to the North Sea prop Sn ose h sequently, h e l e ft t h e corps and entered the army of Sweden, at first with the rank of • •gn still he spent much of hi s t i me i n mechanical€nsi studies and speculations, and proje&ed one o f his earliest inventions—a "Fl ame Engine," intendedto condensing flame instead o f s t eam. In not k ble a 1826 w he ngor 133. to England with the idea o f putt i ng his e invveein'nt operation, but was seriously disuppoint e d in learnir that mineral fuel would n o t answer. Of course thge machine was a failure, and was never revived. .But the inventor was not disheartened, for in 1829 he com peted for the prize offered by the Liverpool and Man chester Railroad for the best locomotive, and built one which ran at the (then) incredible speed of fifty mil es per hour. A few years afterwards Mr. Ericsson clime to this country, where his name has become widely known in connexion with numerous inventions of great utility. His improved management of guns, as applied on board the United States steamer Prince ton; his propeller, his semi•cylindrical engine, his centrifugal blowers, &c., are 'ell known. He added not a little to our department of the Great Exhibition, last year, where he had a new instrument for mea suring distances at sea, a hydrostatic gauge for measuring fluids under pressure, a reciprocating fluid-meter, an alarm barometer, a pyrometer, a rotary fluid-meter, a new sea lead, model of a gas engine, &c. But of all his inventions, that which has attracted most attention, and which (if successful) will work a revolution in motive power hardly second to that of steam itself, is the caloric engine. This invention was first brought before the public in 1833, at London, where he made an engine of five horse power, and exhibited it in operation to several sc i ent ific gentlemen. It was timidly but gene rally approved by intelligent men; but Brunel (the engineer of the Thames Tunnel, a most extraor dinary and much ridiculed undertaking), and Pro fessor Faraday (the eminent chemist), decided against the feasibility of the machine, and by means of the powerful indirect influence of that decision the Eng lish Government—which had at first seemed inclined to give the matter their attention—let it drop, and it was soon forgotten by the public. Latterly Mr. E. has revived the caloric engine in this country, and built two or three which have been in successful ope ration for nearly a year. Two are at work in the foundry of Messrs. Hogg and Delamater, foot of Thirteenth -street, N.R., one of five and the other sixty horsepower; the latter has four cylinders. Two, of seventy-two inches in diameter, stand side by s id e . O ver each of these is placed one much smaller. Within these are pistons, exactly fitting their respective cylinders, and so connected that those within the lower and upper cylinders move together. Under the bottom of each of the lower cylinders a fire is applied. No other furnaces are employed. Neither boilers nor water are used. The lower is called the working cylinder ; the upper the supply cylinder. As the piston in the supply cylinder moves down, valves placed in its top open, and it becomes filled with cold air. As the piston rises within it these valves close, and the air within, unable to escape as it came, passes through another set of valves into a re ceiver, from whence it has to pass into the working cylinder to force up the working piston within it. As it leaves the receiver to perform this duty it passes through what is called the regenerator, which we shall soon explain, w here it becomes heated t o a b out four hundr e d and fifty degrees, and upon entering the working cylinder it is further heated by the fire under neath. We have said the working cylinder is much larger in diameter than the supply cylinder. Let us, for the sake of illustration merely, suppose it to contain double the area. The cold air which entered the upper cylinder will, therefore, but half fill the lower one. In the course of its passage to the latter, how ever, we have said that it passes through a regenator, and let us suppose that, as it enters the working cy linder, it has become heated to about four hundred and eighty degrees. At this temperature, atmo spheric air expands to double its volume. The same atmospheric air, therefore, which was contained within the supply cylinder, is now capable of filling one of twice its size. With this enlarged capacity it enters the working cylinder. We will further suppose the area of the piston within this cylinder to con rain a thousand square inches, and the area of the piston in the supply cylinder above to contain but five hun dred. The air presses upon this with a mean force, we will suppose of about eleven pounds to each square inch; or in other words, with a weight of 5,500 pounds. Upon the surface of the lower piston the heated air is, however, pressing upward with a like force upon each of its one thousand square inches, or iu other words, with a force of 11,000 pounds. Here, then, is a force which, after over coming the weight above, leaves a surplus of 5,500 pounds, if we ma k e no allowance for friction. This surplus furnishes the working power of the engine. It will be readily seen that, after one stroke of its pistons is made, it will continue to work with this force, so long as sufficient heat is supplied to expand the air in the working cylinder to the extent stated ; for so long as the area of the lower piston is greater than that of the upper, and a like pressure is upon every square inch of each, so long will the greater piston push forward the smaller, as a two-pound weight upon one end of a balance will be quite sure to bear down one pound placed upon the other. We need hardly say, that after the air in the working cylinder has forced up the piston within it, a valve opens, and as it passes out, the pistons, by force of gravity, descend, and cold air again rushes into, and tills the supply cylinder, as we have b: fore described. In this manner the two cylinders are alternately sup plied and discharged, causing the pistons in each to play up and down, substantially as they do in the steam-engine. We have endeavoured to explain the construction of the caloric engine. Its most striking feature consists in what is called by its inventor the regenerator. The power of the steam engine depends upon the heat employed to produce steam within its boilers, but that heat, amounting to about 1,200 deg., is entirely lost by condensation the moment it has once exerted its force upon the piston. If, instead of being so lost, all the heat used in creating the steam employed could, at the moment of condensation, be reconveyed to the furnace, there again to aid in pro ducing steam in the boilers, but a very little fuel would be necessary ; none, in fact, except just enough to supply the heat lost by ra diation. Now, the regenerator is composed of wire net, somewhat like that used in the manufac ture of sieves, placed side by side, until the Series attain a thickness say of twelve inches. Through the almost innumerable cells formed by the intersec tion of these wires the air must pass on its way to the working cylinder. In passing through these it is so minutely subdivided that the particles composing it are brought into close contact with the metal which forms the wires. Now let us suppose, what actually takes place, that the side of the regenerator nearest the working cylinder is heated to a high temperature. Through this heated substance the air must pass before entering the cylinder, and in effecting this passage it takes up, as is demonstrated by the ther mometer, about 450 degrees of the 480 degrees of heat required, as we before stated, to double its volume. The additional 30 degrees are commu nicated by the fire beneath the cylinder. The air has thus become expanded ; it forces the piston upward ; it has done its work—valves open—and the imprisoned air, heated to 480 deg., passes from the cylinder, and again enters the regenerator, through which it must puss before leaving the machine. w e have said that the side of this instrument nearest the working cylinder is hot, and it should be here stated that the other side is kept cool, by the action upon it of the air entering in the opposite direction at each up-strokeof the pistons. Consequently, as the air from the working cylinder passes out, the wires ab sorb its heat so effectually, that when it leaves the regenerator, it has been robbed of it all, except about 80 deg. In other words, as the air passes into the working cylinder, it gradually receives from the re generator about 450 deg. of heat ; and as it passes out, this is returned to the wires, and is thus used over and over, the only purpose of the fires beneath the cylinders being to supply the 30 deg. of heat we have mentioned, and that which is lost by radiation and expansion. The regenerator contained in the 60-horse engine we have examined, m easures 26 i nches i n h e ight and width internally. Each disc of wire composing it contains 676 superficial inches, and the net has ten meshes to the inch. Each superficial inch, therefor e, contains 100 meshes, which, multiplied by 676, g ives 67,600 meshes in each disc, anti as 200 discs are em ployed, it follows that the regenerator contains 13 ,520,000 meshes, and conseq uen tly, as there are as many small spaces between t he discs as there are mes hes, we find that the air within is distributed in about 27 ,000,000 minute cells. Hence it is evident that nearly every particle-of the whole volume of air, in passing through the regenerator, is brought into very close contact with a surface of metal, which heats and cools alternately. The extent of this when accurately estimated, almost surpasses be dollars. The builders expect to have the ship afloat by the middle of September. The scientific and commercial world will watch with deep anxiety the result of this grand experiment with the caloric engine. Should it fail, a contingency, by the way, which its friends deem most improbable, the world will lose nothing, and the experimenters comparatively little, since the strong and beautiful ship may be put to other uses in ordinary steam navigation. Should it succeed, the days of steam are numbered, and explosions and burni'ngs will be no more; the important reduction in the cost of power will introduce the new engine everywhere, and we shall soon record the arri va l o f the United States Mail Air-ship from Liverpool, th e fine air-boat from Albany, &c., as familiar! y as we now note our steam-ships and steam-boats. A SIIIP•BUILDER ON NAVIGATioN.LAW The new iron screw-steamer Eagle, REPEAL. in connexion with the paddle steamer e S t fo isi /M ra r P . Dor gan, Liverpool and Newry, was launched Thomas Ver gall, of Dublin, from the yard of Mes s s uccessful launch, Ver non and Sons, on Tuesday. Aft b er a • _r. m Vernon, ben., intended to h r b u e n . a select party sat dawn to I t T a l t the seventeenth iron stated that the Eagle was and, having briefly adverted to the vessel they had built; amp the important cattle fears which the repeal of n avigation-laws had tendedin end tc t t o b c draw ic be n c o fi u t t , commenced o Satur- i• t p hke ir . ed hla , te b n u t t w ec h e ie rg h y reP f es E l ng h i s is d hm on e l o y , rv o be then glanced at the revolution , BARNET CATTLE FAlR.—This rather than injue&cred in the shipping world by the which was be l t , t o tho purposes of ship-building. We fair, the most extensive in England day. The attendance was above the average. Theril d adaptation of I_l* Mr. Highland Scots selling freely at 71 to 10/. Per r he s ad lY ; G br a i l a l k o! sLelteoctled2l.eeddittsoeld sinhorrat;hidor for every description of store beasts was rerna k b ' eman- the American trade, in the Cape of Good employed inVernon) iron screw-steamers being n one tra., -n and I have no hesitation in saying that Gd tbe Australian trade, and in other im ns, Devons, and r tan , tra des; H wn e y refo b r e d a s st w s er i e ° successionat 11/ por a foreign trade is carried on by to 13/. ; Lincolns, 12/. to 14/. per head. S , • era long wherev er ,there must iron British enterprise, • scarce; of those offered, price • find (con4ti..nizi uasex masts were British ca pital and s ran high. Welsh and Irishers be employed, as it will, ere long, beasts sold as well in proportion crew - st eara bullocks making 9/. ; Irish, 71 as any others; best Welsh 13 discovered that no other description of also made proportionately high yfioung second- class animals be store ships a re equal to them in point of regu beasts was carried on with great gures. The trade check.in jart y , t safety, efficiency, and economy. Now, if thi s throughout the day, the last sclli animation, without t a inoney. realty be the case, what have we to fear from the The breeders and salesmen describe rig making theebniesotsfair they repeal of tbs navigation-laws, or even from free have had for the last six y earn. The this b a s great abundance of trade 7 The navigation-laws, as they now stand, will aftermath, and the promisin ea . p ar e ance of the turniS, b e neutralised, and not affect us at all, inasmuch as materially assist in keeping sing p ap o n h prices and demar! • foreign vessels will have no chance in e * Milch and in -calf cowl sl u rea b dil t y the best Yorkshire British t ;and f • coping with s abik ,screvv-s camera beast with calf by side making 171. to ; 211. each ' d - , 'i nning iron ships so cheaply and so perfectly us we 14/. to 16/. each. In-calf heifers in good 4ens an The horse true foreigners may ultimately get in theway can, It is of making easily at 101. to 15/. each, according to qualit yrg di n or driving steam-engines and iron ships. But merely to learn how trade was good, many young horses for w e b were sold at to build en iron ship is not enou h • being very attractive animals, most of were w scarce; of those as well as in all other trades, a c • g , for there is in that, high prices. Cart horses and colts _ a de 601. toeach; man ; towards perfection ; and we, a s • nuous progression offered, best horses, five years old , _T ies sold exceedingly a nation, have got the cart colts, 301. to 401. Welsh; po u nderi duty,. fetching 6/. . , . start, and in are, fact, a long way ahead ; and our dis tinguishing cap.biiiiies and well, many hundreds of them our national and local ad vantages will alw Sys faci li ty to 81. each. A NoBLEMAN.—On SR- te our onward course, and us the re- • FRAUD BY PERSO Trtd " a"cab a t Fresh-wharf, give London; of the earth ; roieence in this trade over all the nations evening a man h ired to proceed to Mr. Tuckfield's, we turday t * so that foreigners who, a short time ago, bridge, and desired th e $n dg Lambeth, when the man en- we re e rued would bring their ships and perform a consider 6 1 watchmaker, of ha v ing4,,,,-- selected a gold wa t c h, wort h 241., aa.e part of the trade of this country, now have tered the shop, and d key, told Mr. Tuckfield that he was :to abandon that i dea, and to come to us for iron screw- Lord chain, an , a gold Albert el if he wou,d allow his sh o p man t o accom- steamers to perform their l ocal trade. And thus, own . Lord Howard, an b to Lord Arundel's, No. 11, Carlton- what Was once I calam ity none thou h to h g t .,e a great nationa l pang him ~, would give him the money for the articles. will, I have great na house-terraco, . n was toeradily acceded to, and the vehicle was , • no doubt, turn out to be a g c, .. This propositio. en Lord Arundel's. The man then got „,,.,, isotial advantage. (The expression of these s..nii cheers by those II driv and having enter e d his Lordship's mansion, — " ls was received with loud out of the cab, door and told the cabman to driv e t o th e b ack present. o pened the ) In conc l us i on, Air. Vernon proposed the entranc e and wait until he came out to him. The m an was . health of Mr Grantham, the naval archit ect of the E agle, shown up to his Lordship. when he delivered wh a t has since 1 cm(l under wh ose superin tendence she had been con been ascer tained to be a fi c titi ous message . He afterwards , siructsd, M r. Grant h am, in the course of some re decamped with his booty, leaving the cabman an d s h opman ' marks to t h e same e ffe ct us those by Mr. Vernon, s a id , ' to stare at each other, and wonder at what kept his Lordship it on v Iswere bcut to be built for tko East India so l on g. The parties upon inquiry, after a lapse of s ' . "" 8 '‘ of these were ordered, and (mac Lnd other :rte.], e. tsome time, found out the trick that had been practised. lated in quarters the most unlikly, tehers were CAW nap A TALE OF IRISH MIbERY.-0,1 Saturday Mr. 1 a short time r , o. And now, instead of crossing the G. S. Brent held an inquest i n the Marylebone workhouse ' Atlantic to gel rs upon Edward Fitzgerald, the infant child of Irish parents ' : have them built', they were coming to Liverpool arid its Honors Fitzgerald, the mother, who was affected to tears,neighbourhood to gt.t huge and substantial iron sailing stated that her husband, who was in the Irish con stabulary,' ne • - - our " The knew the great Superiorityof 3' ships built. quartered in Limerick, had to leave his native land for Anse- Americans over this country, especially in building large rice, in consequence of an active part he took in quellin lately, a gentleman, to h he had been faction fight. Her friends enabled her to leave home gfo: s hip s . But camefrom America w oral England, where she expected to earn as much as would introduced, enable her to follow her husband. During the whole • inquire into th e building of iron ships; and, on the close her infant was very ill, and upon reaching London ourney o f his labours, he as k ed him the results, and be said it she wan dered about the streets without shelter, until womanwas impossible for him to get over the difficulty of a gave and purchasing iro n coun try . The her ono, where the child died from exhaustion. Verdict— building ships in this "Natural Death." Americans had had the superiority, but, by means TELEGRAPH BETWEEN CORK AND BELFAST.—The of iron ships, England would have it hack again. After t e l egra ph about to be constructed between other toasts bad been given and respon d e d t o , th e com ic to ke completed iJa twe meutlu, puny separated. LO N DON, T EJES DA V EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1851 THE CALORIC SHIP. A NEW MOTIVE POWER. interior of the ship, through the engines, and passed off into the atmosphere, every hour. l'he effect of such an extraordinary system of ventilation, in puri ing the atmosphere of the ship, is self evident. The Fimple construction of the caloric engine, and the small quantity of coal to bs handled, will reduce th e nutnbtr of engineers and firemen, in the aggre gate) to less than one-fourth the complement required fir steamers. Ibis great reduction in the number of men, whose duties are incompatible with strict clean liness, will still further promote a purer state of atmo sphere in calorie ships than in steamers. Again, as no a "moke whatever is produced when a nthr acite coal is em ployed, th e masts and rigging of the caloric ship will be as clean as in sailing vessels. We examined the com bustion of the 60-horse caloric engine most critically. No smoke could be detected from it, and we arrived at the conclusion that with such a slow combustion and easy firing smoke cannot possibly emanate from the anthracite consumed in the furnaces. Europe has scarcely any of this fuel, and in a national point of view, the re f ore , th e introduction o f th e caloric engine is important. The following are some of the dimensions and statistics of the ship :—Length, 250 feet; beam, 40; hold, 27; tonnage, 2,000 to 2,200; diameter of wheels, 32 feet; face of wheel, 11i feet ; power of engines, 600 horse; consumption of coal per day (24 hours), 8 tons ; number of men in engine department, 10; number of sailing crew, 20; pas senger accommodation for 200, with room for en largement to double the capacity ; room for 1,500 tons freight; cost, in the neighbourhood of 300,000 I' lief. The wire contained in each disc is 1,140 feet ACCIDENTS IN MINES. long, and that =trained in the regenerator is conse ' N awcasTLE-ur. , N- TYNE, SATURDAY.—Yeseerday _ quently 228,000 fe , et, or 411 miles in length, the super- a meeting of considerable interest and imP ortaance,__\-1-----' i Vt-ISIA---r , a I tidal measure:a, nt of wh eh ;6 equal to the entire surface not on l y to the countieses of . Northum ban of four s t eam -b o ilers. (ech fortyket long, end four DLIThrIII, but t o the erld ,fs nct-r• feet in diAny!ter ; and yet the regenerator, presenting does, the security and preservation of human lice in this great amount of heating surface is only about very two feet cube, less than 1-1920 of ;he bulk of these was h e e x lcl ie i L n si la four boilers. phical Society in this town.theThelftoehrjaercyt Engineers Involved in this wonderful process, of the transfer log was the public inauguration and retransfer of heat, is a discovery which justly sawing to itself the titleof" extensive e - a r t t r n p i e o n f t o fthe nationalindustry . . and d th P e la m ilo e s o o t.. - i,ho o an association h Englandas and retransfer as one of the most remarkable ever made in Institute of Mining ~ and which of proposes physical science. Its author, Captain Ericsson, long to devote itself to the prevention of accident . in mines, since ascertained, and upon this is based the sublimest 1 and the advancement of mining science generally. feature of his caloric engine, that atmospheric air The meeting was chiefly composed of s oa owners and and other permanent gases, in passing through a dis- mining engineers, the latter preponderating. Lance of only six inches, in the fiftieth part of a se- Mr. N. Wood, the chairman, an extensive • i lg . cond of time, are capable of acquiring, or parting engineer and proprietor in Northumberlandminno-- with, upwards of four hundred degrees of heat. He ceedecl to address the meeting. He begged to con has been first to discover this marvellous property , gratulate the members of the society on the p n r a o m g e re l s laTbersol 3 ie of caloric, without which atmosphnic air could they bad made towards its establishmmenet riot be effectively employed as a motive the association of upwards of seventy power. The reason is obvious. Until ex- appointment of officers, and the subscription or an paraded by heat, it can exert no force upon the amount of funds sufficient for a commencement. The piston. If much time were required to effect this, the object of the institution was twofold —first, rst, by a movement of the piston 'would necessarily b e so s l ow union or c oncentration of prof ess i ona l experience to as to render the machine inefficient. Captain Ericsson endeavour, if possible, to devise measures which has demonstrated, however, that heat may be corn- might avert or alleviate those dreadful calamities rnunic,.ted to, and expansion effected in, atmospheric which had too often produced such destruction to life air, with sli nth t electric speed ; and that it is, and property, end which left such misery and distress theref ore , e minently adapted to give the greatest among the mining population of the district; and, desirable rapidity of motion to all kinds of machinery, secondly, to establish a literary institution more par- The s hip i s now approaching completion, and is the ticullrlv applicable to the theory, art, and practice of finest specimen of naval architecture (especially in mining than the institutions in titl locality or within point o f s t r „ gt h) ,yer created i n this country. The the reach of the profession there. The claims of such ofengines being placed in the centre of the vessel admit an institution to the support of the coal owners of the better form of midship section than in steam-ships. north were all powerful. Who were so interested as Of this the builders have availed themselves by giving they in the prevention of accidents in mines ? As, tin s n u a sec!: a ann r e i ll se o f to t h th e e s tl h o ip or that strength and easy lines for too, one of its prominent objects was to endeavour to Thelluig through the water are appropriately combined. accomplish the best and most perfect mode of ab ,theasit is " waive dliyneet4 by at the entrance are singularly stracting the coal, the proprietor as well as the a very j u di c i ous a ppli c ation of the worker of a mine, was no less concerned in its possesses all.. Acting as a body, every plan brought technicallycalled, the bow prosperity. fulness requisite for a good sea- before them would have at least a candid boat. The run is alike peculiar for easy lines, com- investig ,and they • ation if found any subject biped with stability and requisite bearing. The required practical illustration or experiment, he felt strength of floor, which is built entirely solid from assured they would be readily met by the employers stem to stern, surpasses anythingtheirpits at their • it we have seen in in placing this country, noted as ships in the world. In orde theinstitute, entire frame is of a scientific, practical, and professional character, proceeded to point out in of diagonal braces of flat and which might generally be summed up in the bars of iron, let into the timbers riveted togeth er of about theory and practice of the winning and working of three feet, each series being rive points of intersection. In addition o t g o etlaer at all the collieries, the chairman the central keelsons, th ere are s i x engine keel ordinary much detail the importance of collectin g i n th e on the top of the fl oor ti m b ers, for three-fo bolted archives of their institute detailed plans of the differ length of the ship. O n th ese k eelsons the ur b ssu th s' ed s of the eat instruments used here and on the Continent in the of the engines are secured by bolts passing through over modes of sinking pits, records of the various sink entire area occupied by the engines, and present a inns for coal in the district, and descriptions of the r co the tinuation of iron flooring, not witnessed in any steamily-- different engines and apparatus employed for raising ship. The security thus attained is further enhanced b y tio ca n pp o The y out of the mines and working them generally. eymust not, he added, neglect a most important dispensing entirely with the numerous holes through branch,—the advancement of the science of mining, or the bottom of the vessel, which in steamers are notes- the cultivation and have often brought that class of vessels to particularly those branches of science which more a sinking condition. The engines being arranged in mineralog - appertained to their profession. Geology, the centre of'the vessel, the decks are not cut off as matics, ancyi,mehoehmais.try, mechanical philosophy, pneu ics,_were all subjects which would in steamers; and as the whole of the machinery is occupy the attentino confined within a vertical trunk 76 feet long and 18 the institute. He h c a o d f all the individual members of now endeavoured to give an feet wide, ample space is left on each side of the ship outlin e o f t h e constitution of the society, its objects, for state rooms along its entire length, with unbroken and the duti es w hi c h would be passages, fore and aft, on either side. The ft eight need scarcely add how important they imposed upon it. He were, not only deck also presents an unbroken area fore and aft, di- to the members o f th e society but to the interests minished only in width in the central part of the comprised within th e scope of its labour.,He con vessel. The coal being carried in the bottom, at each eluded by invoking the s upport of noblemen an d gen side of th e eng i nes , th e f ore an d a ft h o ld are c l ear f or tl emen , and of a ll p ersons interested, from fee l ings of freight. The central arrangement of the engines in- humanity, in the prevention of accidents in mines, on volves, of necesstiy, a central crank, and thus the behalf of the society.—(Applause.) spar deck presents an uninterrupted area on both No resolutions were proposed or passed ; but anu sides, the ordi nary o bj ect i ona bl e cran k h atc h es b er o f co lli ery owners an d viewers reside n t in m the being dispensed with. The slow combustion district were enrolled as members. peculiar to the caloric engine renders the huge smoke On the motion of Mr. WALLER, seconded by Mr. funnel unnecessary. A short pipe to carry off the HINDHAUGH, a vote of thanks was accorded to the gases produced by the combustion in the furnaces chairman by acclamation, and the proceedings ter takes its place in the caloric ship. The absence of minated. steam in every form is sufficiently important in pro ducing a more pleasant atmosphere than in steamers, but far more remarkable is the fact that the quantity of air which will be drawn out of the ship by the action of the supply cylinders of the engines, will exceed sixty tons in weight every hour. Captain Ericsson in, calling our attention to this fact, furnished us with a few figures that we feel certain our readers will need, as much as we did, to comprehend how so vast a ven tilation is effected. Each supply piston presents an area of 102 superficial feet, with a stroke of six feet. 612 cubic feet of atmospheric air will, therefore, be drawn into the engine at each stroke; and when the engine makes fourteen strokes per minute, 8,568 cubic feet. But as there are four supply cylinders, they will in this space of time draw in 34,272 cubic feet ; and in sixty minutes there will be thus circulated 2 056,320 cubic feet. The weight of atmospheric air is nearly 13f cubic feet to the pound, and thus it will be seon that 68 tons of air are drawn from the ACCIDENT ON THE SHREWSBURY AND CHESTER RAILWAY. Yesterday (Monday) an inquest was held at the Woodward public-house, Coton-hill, Shrewsbury, before Mr. George Gordon, deputy-coroner, on vie w of the body of an aged woman, named Mary Lewis, of Baschurch, who had been killed by an excursion train passing over her on Saturday night last. The remains of the poor creature presented a sad spec tacle ; the head was completely severed, and the other parts of the body were most dreadfully muti lated. Joseph Woodvine, a labourer on the line at I3aschurch, stated that be saw deceased walking down the line, towards Perry-bridge, between seven and eight o'clock on Saturday night. He went up to her and told her she was on trespass, to which she re plied, " I know all about it." He then asked her her name, and where she was going ; but she refused to tell him, and, on his saying that he would tollow her to see where she was going, she re torted, "If you follow me, I will knock your brains out!" Witness then went borne. He further stated that poor people were in the habit of going on the line to pick up coke. Henry Whittaker said be was the driver of an exeursion train which left Chester for Shrewsbury at. 7 25 P.M., arriving at the latter place at 9 o'clock. The night was very dark and the rain came down in torrents. Oa examining the engine at the Shrewsbury terminus he found the shawl pro duced on the buffer plank. He examined the wheels, but did not see the least symptoms of blood. An other train left Chester for Shrewsbury at 8 o'clock on the same evening. The shawl was here identified by Woodvine as the one worn by the woman whom be had seen walking on the line. Abraham Carlin, engine-driver, left Chester for Shrews bury with a goods' train early on Tuesday morning, and when within 150 yards of the Perry-bridge he first saw the body of deceased. The body being on the up-rails,. on which he was running, he could not see very distinctly what it was ; but, thinking it was arrival r i h t r h ei v e sa r , tl o a ok f d e r o , g t hheo o wr, train v a e s r a,e e rft a e resen p tusu , cpt rhiht h enrerd e eeyi ib d .ths,ewe i bad] superintendent rhwe n syne o t at€ t ihneof s a ; p : the ,n3 p haeantdil oo information locomo tive nawti the s e t g i n i v v g e e i n n e to to M department, t hneje spot w t r , e . vi h y o h s unfortunatetheir horror woman,they tou thend the hea mangledd being n ne o remains sp e ecial engine e a c rt T d i h a se o l distant from the body. The body was recognised by Edward Lewis, brother-in-la w to deceased. The jury returned a verdict of " Accidentally killed. " Woodvine was recalled by the deputy-coroner, and severely reprimanded for not forcibly ejecting deceased from off the line. ;0 ~ s tew ant ° f ey, 013 22 9 1° At bat ell 00 0 97 19 Fran ce gO , ra A !lion" t P r hocon i ' b e Cy r eah; p barn' 234 J2 3 / 4 251 4 1 6 650 1 a„d 22 14 1%,1 ) 417. 64% 99 Ni Y.) sou enCeo Oh St. ion from jes; :, o rd ►rie; diver New co. Neff a ble. itoll ' ,10/