The Sun. — London, England, 1866-08-29 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 29, 1866. late disturbances, while temporarily inconvenient- LA TEST INTELLIGENCE. ing them, will prove to have really effected lasting good. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining'. SUMMER SEASON.—Doors open at Half-past Seven, periormanci's commence at Eight o'clock precisely. THIS EVENING, a New and Original Dram., in Three Acts, by Watts Phillips. Esq., entitled THE HUGUENM issOT C APTAIN. Principal characters b y Mrs. Stirring, Neilson, DI iss A ugusta Thomson ; Mr. Gr, eoe 'Honey al ly M d r. Vining. Grand Ballet of lioliendans, in which mm. Fgeo- w ill appear. New let, Clodoche, Com ete, and Normande, scenery by Mr. F. Lloyds. NEW THEATRE -ROYAL DELPHI. S o l e Proprietor and Manal:;er, Mr. B. A Webster. I 'IIIS EVENING (BKNEFIT of Mr J. L. TOOLE), rAul., PRY. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Killington, Stuart, 41,111ey, Stephenson ; Mrs. Bit ington, Jlrs. A. Mellon. Acre , ' which a New Farce, KEEP ley OUR DOOR LOCKED. Mr. J. L. 'i o -le. IL Phillips, Ash ; Mrs. Biton. concludeßurlesque Opera, eallcd li E I. ENE ; or, T, To ken I rola the ti, cek. Mtii-rs. J. L. 'I oole, isl'. FB urta edto do, It Vnillivs, Ashley, L b u rne; Mrs. A. Mellon, Ms Miss Seaman. M.ss GrodsaP,&e. OYAL sTitAiND THEATRE. 11, bole I.eaaee and 31aiiagercss, Airs z.wanboroty.:li. TEIIS EVENING*. 'IILnd 51 J R linstone a D BACIIEU)R. 3lesnrs. Thorne and Price; Misss u Atter w hich, will be produced the La,est Edition of KEN lI,Wo tcr ti. Mes-rs.. thorns, Jame-, Fenton, and Turner ; sicsdaincs Ada bwauburougli, Raynhant, John stone, and Bolt. To conelude with WAITING FOR THE UNDER GROUND. T" "SUN" NEWSPAPER. — G. R. GLENIE, Sporting Library, 4, Connaught terrace, Ethcware-road, is specially appointed AGEN e to deliver the LATE Ii,DITIGN of "TILE SUN " at the po.sible moment after leaving the press. 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I_7 I SUM LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1866, The feeling which prevails in France concerning Prussia continues to manifest itself in various ways, and those who take a correct estimate of things will not fail to appreciate it. The last indication of it is a pamphlet published by the Marquis DE LA ROcuEJAQeELIN, a member of the Senate, which is a notable instance of the present state of feeling. It is true that the writer declares that his views are his own, but they are also identical with the sen timents of the public. His matter is admirably select, and may read more ways than one under the peculiar circumstances of the case. "If the prince favours free souls he will have subjects, if servile souls he will have slaves." The object which the Marquis has in view is a bold one, and perhaps it might be in the end the safest course to adopt. He counsels France to go to war with Prussia, and thus prevent that Power from completing the work she has undertaken, namely, the reconstruction of the treaties of 1815. lie knew that in this idea he was by no means alone, and that were the EMPEROR to subscribe to this he would be eagerly supported by many. He is, however, the best judge of his own resources, and knowing full well how much depends upon success, he is quite right not to venture unless he feels certain of not being taken by surprise. Meanwhile, though war is not at present to be expected in France, there are so many signs and tokens of discontent prevailing in influen tial quarters that before very long there is every probability of a change taking place in the relations between the two Powers. Another cause of irri tation to the French is the recent determination of the Prussians to hold Mayence permanently, and they even declare that it is a condition of making peace with the Minor States. Really it would almost seem as if the politicians of Prussia were seeking to offend and annoy the French as much as possible, and we are at a loss to account for the cause of such unwise conduct. Knowing the previous state of affairs how much wiser it would be to give in in Borne small points, and make some sacrifices, rather than provoke a Power they may one day find it impossible to withstand. Elated with the remarkable success he has met with, however, it seems quite impossible for Count BISMARCK to show any moderation whatever, and whoever is pleased or otherwise, on he passes to his goal, reckless of present evils, and totally unmindful of future dan gers. Tho acuteness of the politicians of France is far too great to be taken in by any of the professions of the Berlin diplomatists, and the comments inge niously made by interested parties on the acts of the KING and his Ministers are quite ineffective. The Siecle has very ably criticised the answer of the King of PRUSSIA to the Chamber of Deputies, and declares that, when the Chamber bad rendered the task of reconciliation easy, the KING announces, in plain language, that he thanks the Deputies for granting him a bill of indemnity for having governed the country contrary to the Constitution ; and he gives them notice that he will pay as much attention to the Constitution on future occa sions as on past ones, should the opportunity occur to induce him to do it. The comment subsequently passed is a very true one, namely, that the King of PRUSSIA may'‘ ultimately find to his cost that it is more difficult to govern despotic ally a people who wish to be free than to have a week's campaign with a decrepit Empire." It is a significant circumstance that the Chambers, having fulfilled their mission of sanctioning the Prussian spoliation of the minor States, and acquitted the Government of the onus laid to their charge, are now to be sent to the rightabout, and the greatest despatch is being made with all necessary business, in order that they may be closed by the gth proximo. So much for the first step in the grand scheme of Constitutional Reform. The British Association continues its useful and interesting labours, and the multitude and variety of the subjects discussed before the different sections would constitute of themselves a moderate educa tion. Occasionally the members have the advantage of lighting upon a very practical paper, wh ich deals with some of our social or domestic difficulties in a manner calculated to do real service. One of these was yesterday read before oection D by Mr. BUCK- LAND, no mean authority, " On the scientific cul tivation of a salmon river." It has long been known that the comparative scaarcity and dearness of sal mon is due to our own managemnent, andincleed our fisheries in every department do little credit to our discretion of knowledge of natural history. "There is as good fish in the sea as ever came out" is an old saying, which is true literally as well as figura tively, and there is a further truth, which is that all the fish that come out of the sea bear a very small proportion to those that remain in it. The development of our splendid fishing grounds is a source of national wealth as yet but very imperfectly understood. Salmon fishing is of course of an exceptional character, but there is no denying that we have made great mistakes, and that even in our endeavours to pro tect the fish we have blundered considerably. Our favourite system of poisoning our rivers has been most inimical to salmon culture. So averse is this fish to the extraordinary compounds which we flatter ourselves are fit to drink that it will not ascend a river filled with sewage. It waits for the flood tide and goes up in the purer waters. Mr. BUCKLAND says confidently, after careful study of the subject, that that if the cultivation of salmon in the Thames were attended to in ten years there would be an abundant supply. The Thames used to be a salmon river, but the salmon are now prevented from going up by the weirs. But in almost every river the unfortu nate salmon has enemies to contend against, traps, haicks, cormorants, herons, and otters, the latter actually hunting them for sport as well as for food. Steamers, too, delay their progress, but, worst of all, are the millers and the poachers. When a sal mon comes to a water-wheel it will stay by it for days. The miller stops the wheel, the sal mon goes on, and is caught in his net. But the poachers are far worse. Mr. BUCKLAND jokingly said that he heard from a converted poacher a confession that made his hair stand on end—he used to feed his pigs with salmon ! Even less out rageous culprits do a terrible extent of mischief, it being no uncommon thing for one poacher, during the winter months, to destroy 1,000 salmon. A little trouble taken to preserve the salmon fishery very soon shows its gocd effects. The idea of catching the fish as it ascends the river to lay its eggs is very like the wise lad who killed the goose for the golden treasure. It is evident that such a method cuts short the future supply ; and doubly so, because the salmon has a well-known habit of returning to lay its eggs where it has been itself hatched. A good deal of infor mation respecting the habits of the fish was given by Mr. BUCKLAND, and confirmed by other gentle. men present. Mr. WRIGHT, in corroboration of what had been said respecting the increase of salmon, said that three weeks ago he had been looking over the bridge at Galway, where he saw the salmon in ranks like soldiers, from 300 to 400, waiting till the stairs opened. Some years ago, not half-a-dozen were visible, so that the increase is very marked. Mr. BUCKLAND'S paper was listened to with the greatest interest, and will, we hope, give a stimulus to the efforts now being made to encourage the cul tivation of salmon, an endeavour the more neces sary, as all our ingenuity seems hitherto to have been very effectively directed to the getting rid of salmon altogether. The report of Dr. LETHEBY, the medical officer of health for the City of London, on the quality of the water from the pumps and surface wells of the City is, without doubt, a most important and interesting theme at the present juncture. lie has made a report of the average results of his numerous analyses of these waters during the last five years. The con clusion at which he arrives is one very unfavourable to the condition of the water in the localities, and, indeed, he advises that none of the water furnished by the City pumps should be used for domes tic purposes. No one who reads any part of his statement will be surprised at this deci- sion, and, indeed, it seems only strange when we peruse these details that sickness and mor tality do not prevail to a greater extent in the City and its environs. Dr. LETIIEBT states that water which contains such products of corruption cannot possibly be admitted into the human body without " danger " or " insidious mischief." At the present time the risk of imbibing such impurities is far greater. To illustrate this he gives an account of the cholera which broke out in St. James's, West minster, in 1854, and which was traced to a pump in Broad-street that was a favourite one. Of the 73 persons who died during the first few days' of the attack 61 had drank the water from the fatal pump. Even those who lived at a distance, and had the water sent to them on account of its supposed purity, were attacked with cholera. This certainly furnishes a striking instance of the great dangers that ensue from impure water, and people cannot possibly be too careful how they drink what has not been pro perly examined. Another example is furnished from a village in Surrey, where the people on one side of the street were attacked, and it was ascertained that the common pump for that side had become polluted with the soakage of the adjoining sower. Directly the pump was interdicted the spread of the disease was arrested. Many similar cases occurred during the cholera attacks of 1848-9 and 1853-4, which showed the influence of water in propagat ing disease. All these, adds Dr. LETHEBY, are " warnings of the danger of using water polluted with sewage and the drainage from cess pools, nor are the percolations from the graveyards of a city less injurious, for experience has demon strated that these also are a prolific source of disease." Finally, we may well concur in the remark of the doctor, that the water from the sur face wells of the metropolis is quite unfit for public use, " and that no natural process of oxidation can render it safe." The sooner the authorities coincide with this opinion the better it will be for the health and comfort of the community. a (e li v i e t errs t e o ,:r t k o_ congra t u l a te them upon o The prorogation of the Canadian Parliament place on the 15 th i nst., and happilythe G en eral was able, in ndi t s h m eposition issingthe of the colony. Thanks to their own prompt and vigorous measures, thanks also to the wise and kindly interference of the American Government, the excitement pro duced by the Fenian manoeuvres is altogetherata o n f end, though a strict watch is k e p t on those parts the frontier where any disturbances might be threatened. The spirit and patriotism of the colonists has been unmistakeably shown during the crisis, and the Governor now expresses his gratification at the provisions which the Legisla ture has made for those who have suffered during the struggle. The votes for the defence of the country have been on a liberal scale, so that the Government will be able to improve the efficiency of the Volunteers in every ' respect. The triumphant conclusion of the great telegraphic exploit, which has been so long a subject of anxious expectation in both hemispheres, natu rally occupied a prominent place in the Governor's address. Another important topic was the pro posed confederation of the provinces, which will, we hope, before very long, become an actual fact. Altogether the prospects of our Canadian kinsfolk are hopeful and promising, and we +put that the CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS. (FROM OL`P. OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Pan's, Tuesday Evening. The Moniteur gives, on the authority of a letter from Florence, some interesting facts relative to the battle of Custozza. General La Marmora, before resigning his post as Chief of the Staff, addressed a detailed report to the Minister of War, which ex plains and completes the documents anterior to that battle. The report shows that the object of the attack by the Italian army on the 24th of June was :o penetrate between the fortresses of the Quadri . ateral, so as to impede the communication and ope- rations, and facilitate the passage of the Lower Po by Cialdini. The report lays stress upon the fact that this Italian movement was frustrated by the night march of the Austrian army, which suddenly appeared in battle array on the heights of Custozza and Somma Campagna at the time when it was still believed to be on the Adige. The document proves that the exact loss of the Italians on the 24th of June was 8,175 killed, wounded, or pri soners. Among them were 337 officers. La Liberte describes the following to be the " position" as regards Prussia : " All that tends to the substitution of legality for despotism shocks M. Bismarck. lie does not, it is true, oppose the real and immediate union of the States, but he wishes his hands to be left free. The German Parliament, he says, has nothing to do with the matter. All that he consents to admit is that the law relative to the annexations shall fix the Ist of October for the introduction of the Prussian Constitution into the annexed States. We do not yet know whether the views of the Com mission or those of M. Bismarck will triumph, but if, as is to be feared, the first Minister should be successful upon this point, there will hereafter be three categories of Prussians. " The first will comprise Prussians, properly so called. " The second will include the people annexed, who governed by Prussian agents, living in a tern porary condition, willfurnish contingents, and, with out possessing rights, will have duties to perform. " In the third category must be included Saxony, which, although preserving its king and a sort of autoncmy, will have a Prussian Military represen tative, who probably will act the same part as the English resident in the Indies as regards the Kings of Qude. " In these three divisions we seek for the free Prussians. We have not yet found them." M. Roger de Beauvois, a literary man of note, has just died after a painful affection of the spine. He was born in 1809. His first literary produc tions appeared in 1832. He plunged into the romantic school, and published a series of romances of the middle age. The most remarkable was " L'Ecolier de Chuny, or the Sophisme," which made much noise at the time. Mt die Beauvoin wrote a great deal, good, bad, or indifferent, and used his pen laboriously up to his latest hour. Rossini had a private party on Saturday evening, at which a composition recently finished was heard. Madame Alboni sang a " Salutaris," and was ac companied on the piano by Rossini himself. Rossini expressed great satisfaction at the interpretation of his new composition, which was encored and given again with great zest by Alboni. Some other morceaux by Rossini, not known to the:public, were executed. The weather remains unsettled, with a hot and heavy atmosphere. Dark clouds have prevailed all day, and there have been occasional very heavy showers. It appears that the thunderstorm of Sunday evening did much injury in some of the provinces. _ _ ThelVestern Railway Company have just adopted I an arrangement for the security of passengers, and to enable them to communicate with each other. A key is placed in a glass case with which the door can be unlocked in an emergency, but there is an announcement that a resort to it frivolously will render the person liable to punishment. On break ing the glass an alarm bell can be sounded. 1 may remark that this is not a new plan. It was in opera tion on the line from Boulogne to Paris before that line was completed to Amiens. The Dombes Rail way from Lyons to Bourg has just been inaugurated. It will afford an easy and convenient communica tion between the departments of the Rhone and the Ain. The carriages are on the American plan and are very convenient. There are no doors. The entrance is by an external platform, back and front. There is free circulation along the whole train, and passengers can easily pass from one carriage to another. A religious ceremony was performed at Villars on the occasion of the opening of the line. It was at Villars that the two trains met, one from Bourg and the other from Lyons. The Opinione, an Italian paper, states that the prisoners of war made by the Italian troops have been restored to the Austrians at Peschiera. There were 31 officers and 1,800 soldiers. There only re mained about a dozen prisoners in the hospitals. They all express gratitude for the kind treatment they received during their captivity. Three Austrian officers made a complaint that when they were taken some Italian soldiers took away from them money and valuables to the amount of 211 florins. The Minister, Pettinengo, in answer to their com plaint, said that though it was impossible during the combat to prevent such isolated culpable acts, and although he must rely upon the personal alle gation of the Austrian officers, yet he accepted their word as he would that of the Italian officers, and the amount which had been taken from them should be compensated. A Marseilles paper states that an inhabitant of that city has discovered a new motive power, much more advantageous than steam, and quite free from any danger of explosion. The Petite l'resse has a mysterious account of an alleged attempted extortion on the part of a well known singer, aided by her mother, of which the intended victim is a rich banker. It does not give details, but says they will shortly be brought before a court of law, and will involve some curious dis closures. There was a parallel case about sixty years ago. In a document recently discovered in the archives of Lyons the following is recorded of Rabelais. Rabelais was surgeon to the hospital at Lyons in 1534, when an epidemic broke out. Rabelais be came alarmed, and instead of attending to his duties suddenly left the town. The directors met, and agreed to a motion that " Maitre Rabelais had ab sented himself and abandoned the said hospital without notice or taking leave." Two other sur geons, Maitres Conape and du Castel, solicited permission to undertake the duty of Rabelais, but a councillor of the town proposed that they should not fill up the appointment till Easter, " as the said Rabellais was at Grenoble, and might return." As article he did not return, however, Pierre de Castel was appointed surgeon to the hospital in his stead, but o m n en t t h i e on m of il t i h ta e at a reduced salary. the in wr a i n te a r 17 Chevalier w en oof France ßalthazar, and gives an extract from a certificate of burial, which states that on the 26th of October, 1704, there died in the parish of St. Sulpice, Genevieve Premorja, called the Chevalier Balthazar, Com mander of the Order of St. Louis, and formerly captain in the Regiment of Turbilly, whose hus band, Jean Gounie, was lieutenant in the same company. This " dashing white sergeant" was a captain, and her husband only a lieutenant, and therefore she had a right to command in the regi ment, if not at home. The Paris Press contains the intelligence of the recent death in that capital of Mr. George Henry Francis, for many years a well-known member of the London and provincial Press, in the capacity •of editor, manager, and contributor, and also as a writer iu Fraser. The Orators of the Aye, 7'his Age of Veneer, and Contemporary Orators, were from his pen. Mr. Francis died at the age of 50. A large drab° of literary friends in England will lament his loss. FUNERAL OF THE REV. JOHN GROTE.—CAM BRIDGE, AUGUST 28.- -The funeral of the Rev. John Grote, 8.D., Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Cambridge, took place at Trumpiegton, of which p lace he Was vicar, this morning, GERMANY. Mumcii, Aug. 29. The troops belonging to Electoral llesse and Nassau, which are still stationed on Bavarian territory, will shortly return to their homes. The territory which Bavaria cedes to Prussia contains 33,900 inhabitants. PRUSSIA AND AUSTRIA. BERLIN, Aug. 29. The Austro-Prussian treaty of peace is in all the principal points only a repetition of the peace pre liminaries, with a slight variation in the wording. One of the articles, however, modifies the treaty of commerce between Austria and the Zollverein by stipulating that six months' notice must be given before either party can withdraw from the con vention. After the peace treaty hasbeen ratified, the Prus sian troops will at once commence the evacuation of Austrian territory, and the officers and assistants of the transport commission entrusted with superin tending the operation of that movement left this city on Saturday. Orders have already been given for the transport of the troops of the Prussian head-quarters from Prague to Teplitz, and this has probably been already accomplished. HUNGARY. PESTII, Aug. 28. Count Andrasey is still at Vienna. lie enter tains hopes that the Liberal party will be victorious, and that a complete llungarian Ministry will be obtained. PRUSSIA EMBERG. STUTTGART, Aug. 26. The text of the Treaty of Peace concluded be tween Prussia and Wurtemberg is as follows : " Their Majesties the King of Wurtemberg and the King of Prussia, actuated by the desire :of se curing to their subjects the blessings of peace, have determined to come to an agreement as to the clauses of a treaty of peac6 to be concluded between them. For this purpose their Majesties have ap pointed as Plenipotentiaries—The King of Wurtem berg his Minister for Foreign Affairs, Baron Karl von Varnbuler, Grand Cross, &c., and his War Minister, Lieut.-General Oscar von Hardegg, Grand Cross, &c. ; and the King of Prussia his President of the Council and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Count Otto von Bismark-Sconhausen, Knight of the Black Eagle, &c., and his Privy Coun cillor, Chamberlain, and Ambassador, Karl Fried rich von Sarigny, Grand Cross, &c. These Pleni potentiaries, having exchanged powers and found them sufficient, have agreed upon the following clauses : " 1. Peace and friendship shall henceforth subsist for ever between his Majesty the King of Wurtem berg and his Majesty the King of Prussia, their heirs and successors, their States and subjects. " 2. His Majesty the King of Wurtemberg engages to pay his Majesty the King of Prussia the sum of eight million florins, within two months, towards covering part of the costs incurred by Prussia in the war. By payment of this sum the King of Wur temberg fulfils the compensation obligations under taken by him in paragraphs 9 and 10 of the Armis tice Convention signed August 1, 1866, at Eisingen, near Wurzburg. " 3. 'As pledge for the payment of this sum the King of Wurtemberg will deposit 3i and 4 per cent. Wurtemberg State Bonds to the amount of the sum to be guaranteed. The bonds to be depo sited will be calculated at the quotation of the day, and the guarantee sum will be increased by 10 per cent. accordingly. "4. His Majesty the King of Wurtemberg retains the right of paying the above-mentioned compen sation, in part or wholly, at an earlier date, at a discount of 5 per cent. per annum. 5. Immediately after the guarantee being given in accordance with Art. 3, or after payment of the war contribution has been made, the King of Prussia will withdraw his troops from Wurtemberg territory. The provisionment of the troops during their withdrawal shall be according to the hitherto existing Federal dietary scale. " 6. The apportionment of Federal property be longing to the former Germanic Confederation is reserved for a special agreement. " 7. The high contracting parties will enter into Aegociations for the settlement of the Zollverein relations immediately after the conclusion of peace. In the meantime the Zollverein Union Treaty of May 16, 1865, and the conventions connected therewith, which have been rendered inoperative by the outbreak of the war, shall again come into ope ration from the date the ratifications of this pre sent treaty are exchanged, with the understanding that it remains reserved to either of the high con tracting parties to allow them to lapse after a noti fication of six months. "Immediately after the restoration of peace in Germany, the high contracting parties will cause the assembly of commissioners to agree upon bases calculated to further passenger and goods traffic upon the railways as greatly as possible, especially to regulate the relations of competition in a suitable manner, and to oppose the efforts of individual com panies disadvantageous to the public interests of traffic. While the high contracting parties are agreed that the establishment of every new railway line conducive to the public advantage is to be per mitted, and supported as fully as possible, they will also have the principles demanded in this respect by the general interests laid down by the aforesaid com missioners. "His Majesty the King of Wurtembergrecognises the arrangements made by the preliminary treaty concluded between Prussia and Austria at Nikols burg on the 20th July, 1866, and accedes thereto upon his part also, so far as they affect the future of Germany. " 10. The ratification of this present treaty shall take place at latest by the 21st August of this year. In token whereof the above-named Plenipotentiaries have executed the same this day in duplicate, and appended their signatures and seals. " Done at Berlin this 13th August, 1866. • (Signed) " VARNBULER. " HARDEGG. " VON BISMARCK. " SAIRGNY." THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. NOTTINGHAM, Tuesday. The theatre was well filled last night by members assembled to hear Dr. Hooper's lecture upon 4t In sular Floras." The observations of the lecturer related almost exclusively to the results of his own explorations in the islands of the Southern Seas, including Madeira, St. Helena, the Azores, and Kirk Williams Island. The flora of Madeira was like that of Europe, except that the plants grew larger, parsley being there produced on trees. On Desola tion Island he found only 150 plants, and he never thought of that place without unpleasant associa tions of cabbage and penguin soup. The lecture occupied a considerable time, and was well received. In the afternoon an interesting concert was given to members of the association by the inmates of the Midland Institute for the Blind. The pupils are in structed in the many branches of education and industry happily open to them, and if their attain ment in those are equal to their proficiency in vocal and instrumental music, the promoters must be con gratulated on their success. Many of the visitors to the concert left donations, or purchased some of the works of the blind. The geographical section was in immense force this morning to hear Du Chaillu on the " Physical Geography an d Tribes of Western Equatorial Africa." Before he commenced, Sir Roderick Murchison took occasion to express his satisfaction that, after the doubts that were thrown on M. Du Chaillu's narra tive, he had fitted out a ship at his own cost, and revisited the scene of his former explorations. M. Du Chaillu, speaking with a strong French accent, stated that in 30 deg. East longitude from Green wich, and in 2 or 3 degs. on each side of the equator, was an immense jungle, broken here and there by fertile prairies, thinly inhabited by man and still more thinly by beasts. There was neither lion, giraffe, nor rhinoceros. By the side of man were the apes and the gorilla. There was no horse, camel, or other beast of burden, the women being employed in the heavy work. In journeying through the jungle, he went for miles and miles without hear ing the chirp of a bird or the footstep of a gazelle. The awful solitude was broken only by the falling of a leaf or the rippling of a brook. The lowest temperature was 63, the highest rainfall was 7f inches in 24 hours, but the average was probably not more than 200 inches in a year. The sky was almost always hazy, and was seldom more than an hour without clouds, so that he frequently had to remain night after night before he could get astro nomical observations. The state of man in those regions was primitive. No trading caravans from north, east, south, or west, had ever passed through their country. The fiery water had not reached them. There were a great many languages or dialects spoken by the different tribes. Their law was on the principal of a tooth for a tooth. No allowance was made for accident, but if one man killed another the killer was always slain. A man who broke the arm of another had to submit to the breaking of his own arm. They had no record of the past, and knew nothing about it. Fables, super stition, and witchcraft were all powerful. Their doctriLe was that but for witchcraft there would be no death. The consequence was that when one man died there was great slaughter in order to find out who caused his death. When a dispute arose, or an offender was captured, a palaver was called, and the defender was fined of killed. None of the villages had more than a thousand people. No chief could take by force anything belonging to his people. In fact, his people, though the 7 looked upon him as a father, would rob him not only of his property, but of his wives. After simply mentioning the hairy dwarfs and the Fauns, or cannibals, M. du Chaillu defended the white man from the accusations made against him of driving out the natives from barba rous countries. For himself he was the only white man who had visited those regions, and he could assert that he had done nothing to decrease the population. Unfortunately on one occa sion one of his men fired a gun and killed a man. The king fled, with all his people, except one wise man, who was disposed to call a palaver, but it was discovered that the bullet,' after killing the man, had killed also the wife of the wise man. M. du Chaillu and his four men then at tempted to escape. They were pursued by the whole tribe. The distinguished traveller himself brought up the rear, and was wounded in the band and side by poisoned arrows. His negroes, however, fought valiantly, and they stuck to him and conquered. M. Du Chaillu concluded after relating this anec dote, having confined himself strictly to the bounda ries of the title of his paper. The discussion was all in his favour. Mr. Hind said he would as much rely upon M. Du Chaillu's observations as he would upon the best astronomers in Europe. Di. Murie, who had travelled in part of Du Chaillu's country, confirmed the observations of that traveller. Mr. GROVE, secretary of the Palestine Explora- tion Fund, read the report of the first expedition made under direction of the society. The expedi tion this year was of a preliminary character, led by Captain Wilson, of the Royal Engineers, and one of the officers of the Topographical Expedition. The object was to examine the sites of cities, to see what the expedition might advantageously under take at a future time, and get a map of the country. From the details of the scenery given in the report there is reason to believe that in future work much interesting knowledge will be gained. The Rev. 11. B. TRISTRAM gave some account of his own travels in Palestine. He pointed out that Arab tribes were in the habit of taking tourists to whatever place they pleased, and telling them that was the place to which they had asked to be con ducted. It was, therefore, highly important that there should be an exact topographical examination of the country. All the names of the Israelitish towns existed in the Arabic, and there were grass grown mounds only remaining to be explored. In the Mathematical and Physical Science section the President presented the report of the com mittee on the transmission of sound through water. The practical question at issue was that of storm signals. De la Rue's Syren, which in air gives loud musical sounds, was found to be a failure in water. The communication of shocks or impulses by means of metal bars or plates was found to be the most available system. Mr. Varley, in stating some of the phenomena of the Atlantic cable, and explaining a new method of testing electric resistance, stated that by Professor Wheatman's bridge they were enabled to make experiments on faults in CO seconds, which had formerly occupied a considerable time, the At- lantic cable was in such a state of perfection. From electrical experiments the cable was found to rate at 7,700 of the British Association units of insularity, and complete insularity being represented by 10,000. Mr. Glaisher described Mr. Johnson's deep-sea pressure gauge, in which, by the use of glass instead of metal, one source of error was avoided. The chemists heard with great interest a paper by Dr. Lyon Playfair on the present condition of our knowledge on the origin of muscular force in animals. The geologists had a good programme. Dr. C. Le Neve Foster stated that he had discovered pebbles intermixed with tin and copper ore in a curious lode or mineral vein in New Rosewarne Mine, Gwinear, Cornwall. Dr. Beke produced geological specimens and fossils from the barren island of St. John in the Red Sea. The geological specimens were stated to be of the igneous rocks. The fossils were those common to the Indian Ocean. The anthropologists had a notice, by Mr. J. W. Flowers, of a Kjokken-modding, in the Island of Herm. The substantial word of this title, though formidable at sight, is easily susceptible of a render ing by mere pronunciation into the exceedingly vul gar English words by which a British Kjokken modding would be designated if the plainest Saxon terms were used. Professor Huxley made some re marks on the two extreme forms of human crania. One skull was that of a Tartar, round, short, and broad ; the other that of a New Zealander, long and narrow. Dr. James Hunt, on cranial measurement of modern Norwegians, denied they were of the Scandinavian type. The biologists had papers from Mr. F. Bucklaud on the scientific cultivation of a salmon river, and on the exhibition of fish culture at Boulogne. On the former topic the renowned icthyologist con demned, in an amusing yet indignant manner, the discouragement of salmon by the pollution of rivers; and he assured the section that the Trent and other rivers now unproductive could be so far cultivated as to bring salmon down to 6d. or 7d. a pound. He hoped that, with the aid of the Government, we should have an international exhibition of fish cul- ,ure in this country, our fisheries being greater than those of France. Mr. J. K. Lord read an interest ing paper on the Indians of Columl iL. They wor ship the sun, are great believers in witchcraft, and hold in superstitious reverence the return of the sea sons, the ripening of berries and seeds, and the ar rival of the geese and cranes. Their teeth have been ground down to the gums by the sand which ad heres to the dried salmon on which they live during the winter months. In the Physiological section Dr. Richardson gave physiological demonstrations of local insensibility. The demonstrations in question took the practical turn of thrusting needles into his own arm and that of the president without producing pain. Dr. NORRIS read a valuable paper on muscular irritability, and the relations which exist between muscle, nerve, and blood. From statistics given by Colonel Sykes to Eco nomic Science and Statistics, it appears that the Hindoos and Parsecs are most munificent in their support of the charitable, educational, industrial, and public institutions of India. Mr. Wilkinson, in a paper on intoxicating liquor, showed that the cost of the consumption in Great Britain in 1865 was £95,000,000, and that the average of each drinking person-was two gallons of alcohol per head per an num. Mr. Felton, speaking of the hosiery and lace trades of Nottingham, stated that many women worked under mistressesin private houses not visited by the inspectors of factories. He recommended that these should be registered. The Rev. A. S. Worthington, remarking on the employment of women working for wages, contended that, even in an economical and profitable point of view, the taking of married women away from home was bad policy, tending to drive their husbands to the public-house for comfort, and tending also to the great increase of infant mortality. The employment of women in factories tended to increase illegiti macy, the illegitimate births in Nottingham being 10 per cent. of the whole. Mr. George, sen., gave a paper on the diminution of accidents in coal mines since the appointment of Government inspectors. Mr. Thomas Browne, on the transfer of real pro perty, suggested the legal division of the country into shares of one acre, and the transference of the shares when required. The papers on Mechanical Science were of a purely technical character. DIOCESE OF SALISBURY.—The Incumbency of Christchurch, Warminster, in the county of Wilts, iu the patronage of the Rev. J. E. Philipps, is vacant by the pre sentation of the Rev. Robert Rossetor Hutton, clerk, M.A., by the Crown to the rectory of Chipping Barnet. The living is represented as worth £3OO per annum. The per petual curacy of Lyneham, Wilts, of the annual value of about £l5O, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. James O'Brien, who has recently seceded to the Church of Rome, has been conferred by the patron, Mr. G. H. W. Heneage, of Compton Bassett House, Wilts, on the Rev. Eyre Wil liam Hussey, clerk, M.A. The Rev. James John Douglas, Hoysted, clerk, 8.A., has been licensed by the Bishop of Salisbury, on the nomination of Mr. Gabriel Goldney, M.P., to the incumbency of St. Mary-Bradenstoke-with- Clack, in the county of Wilts. KITE FLYING EXTRAORDINARY.—A kite contest, the first in this neighbourhood, took place on the Town moor last night, in the presence of an immense number of spectators, estimated at upwards of 20,000. There were 86 competitors, and the first prize was won by Master Cross, a brother of the popular actress at the Theatre Royal. The contest was so great that it is to be repeated on a larger BC4IO ill >j uture years,-IYetowak hum/. - • rt IC. Dlpp Cit rat % r HER MAJESTY. BALMORAL, Aug. 26. The Qeeen, accompanied by Princess Louise/ went out yesterday morning. In the afternoon her Majesty, accompanied by Princess Louise, and attended by Lady Churchill, went out driving. August 27. Yesterday was the anniversary of the Prince Consort's birthday. The Prince and Princess of Wales came to luncheon with the Queen, and the two young Princes, Albert Victor and George , visited her Majesty in the afternoon. The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice, went out in the afternoon. The Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury havo arrived in town from Jerveaux Abbey, Yorkshire, on their way to Savernake Lodge, near Marlborough. The Marquis and Marchioness of Donegal have left their residence in Grosvenor-square for Hampstead Marshall, Newbury, Berks. The Earl and Countess of Dunmore are enter taining a select party of friends at their seat in the Igo of Harris, N.B. The Earl and Countess of Fife are entertaining a select family party at Now Mar Lodge, N.B. Viscount Kirkwall and Baron de Vahl have left town for a tour on the Continent for several months. Lady Sandys and Hon. Miss Sandys arrived at Pitfour a fed days back, on a visit to Admiral Ferguson• Lord Henry Bentinck, since his arrival at 1 shooting quarters in Scotland, has had excellent sport. The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of Commons and Lady Charlotte Denison are staying at Lang" well, Caithness. The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, Bart., M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty, accompanied by the Lords Commissioners, visit Plymouth and Devonport on Thursday next. After their visit, which will, of course , occupy several days, the First Lord and Commissioners of the Admiralty will proceed to Queenstown on their tour of inspection. The Master of the Queen's Horse (the Duke of Beaufort) has signified his intention to exclude coursing Hampton Court-park during the next season, in co ilbe" queueo of the scarcity of hounds on this demesne. A PLEA FOR SWEDEN. TO THE EDITOR OP THE SUN. Sin,—The exhibition now open in this town, and whic h includes various curiosities from Finland, Norway, Den mark, and Sweden, quite deserves a few visits. I hav e availed myself of a return-ticket by steamer to Gottenbu r g —the average time from London for the voyage being s , i ° hours; and from that city I came here by one of the web managed canal boats, which touch at various interesting places on the route, including the falls of Frohlatton, the town of Wadstend, so renowned for its historical asseak t. tions and ancient relics, and the town of Matala, wh ere the celebrated ironworks are shown. These works we re established in 1822, under the management of an Bngli nil : man, and the whole of the machinery is worked by 011 :: water-wheel, 16 feet in diameter, the water for which " conducted by a pipe from the canal, 40 yards distan t ' Iron machinery connected with the Monitor is now maki n g at this manufactory, and part of it is to be seen at the Stockholm Exhibition. The passengers by this canal now visit the celebrated Wreta Cloister church, oonsecrated in 1829 to " God an d the Mother of God." A part of the old wall remain s ' Here were buried various notable persons, who were con: netted with the history of Sweden; and the Counts Douglas have their mausoleum here. At Norkoping, nearer Stockholm, are several large rev nufactories, which entitle this place to be called the gen chester of Sweden; while still nearer to Stockholm is t he ancient town of Sedertelga, where there is a Dr uidic°' cromlech. At Stockholm, besides the exhibition, t b° Palace and its gorgeous contents may be se en ' as well as various statues and objects of i n ; terest in the city. Excursions may easily be raadet Upsala, famous for its old University, and to the Pe; turesque Castle of Gripsholm, with its historical partt lit and quaint furniture. Travelling and residence here are easy and cheap weather delightful. By means of the railway the ret nill a to Gothenburg may be made by way of Copenhagen an Helsingmra, the burial-place of Hamlet, Prince of Den mark, six miles distant. Thus, within a fortnight, et s moderate expense, this pleasant and instructive tour in e l i be made. The public exhibition will close on the 15th September.—l am, Sir, yours faithfully, CHR. Coola• Stockholm, August 24, 1866. FRANCE. PARIS, Aug. VS.—Two o'clock.—The important rise which took place yesterday has been fully main tained, and a further improvement has been ma nifested. At the opening of the market prices were higher than the close of yesterday, and have con tinued up to this hour to advance. French Threes have been done at 69f. 85c., or a rise of 15c. ; Italian Fives at 56f. 20c., or 85c. higher; Mobilier at 667 f. 50c., or an advance of 13f. 75c. ; Credit Foncier at 1,370 f., or an improvement of 10f. ; Comptoir d'Escompte at 905 f., or a rise of sf. Greater activity has likewise appeared in the rail way market. Three o'clock.—The market closed as follows : 41 per Cents 99 25 Du. and month Bank Shares 3600 It a lian Loan 55 80 Do. end month 55 65 Mexican Loan Do. Bonds 2B 50 168 ' 75 - Home Debt Deferred '4ICB. - 3 per Cents. 69 75 Do. end month G9 Gzi Credit Mobilier Do. end month Credit Foncier 1360 Do. end month 1352 50 For Account. Orleans Northern Lyons and Mediterranean ..........• 885 Southern 535 Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard 406 25 North of Spain — Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona Roman. 540 - AMERICA. NEW YORK, Aug. 17. The papers publish extended accounts of the pro ceedings of the National Union Convention at Philadelphia. The convention finally adjourned on the 16th, after the adoption of the following de claration of principles : " The convention now assembled in the city of Phila delphia, composed of delegates from every State and terri tory in the Union, admonished by the solemn lessons of the last five years, which it nas pleased the Supreme Euler of the universe to give to the American people, profoundly grateful for the return of peace, desirous as a largo majo rity of their countrymen in all sincerity to forget and for give the past, revering the constitution as it comes to us from our ancestors, regarding the Union in its restoration as more sacred than ever, looking with deep anxiety to the future as of instant and continuing trial, hereby issue and proclaim the following declaration of principles and pur poses, on which they have with perfect unanimity agreed: " 1. We hail with gratitude to Almighty God the end of the war, and the return of peace to an afflicted and beloved land. "2. The war just closed has maintained tho authority of the constitution with all the powers which it confers, and the restrictions which it imposes upon the Government, and it has preserved tho Union, with the equal rights, dignity, and authority of the States, perfect and unimpaired. " 3. The representation in the Congress of the United States and in the Electoral College is a right recognised by the constitution as abiding in every State, and is a duty imposed on its people, fundamental in its nature, and essential to the existence of our representative interests, and confers no authority or power to deny this right to any State, or to withhold its enjoyment under the consti tution from the people thereof. " 4. That we call upon the people of the United States to elect to Congress as members men hitherto known to admit this fundamental right of representation, and who will receive the loyal representatives from every State in allegiance to the United States, subject to the constitu tional right of each house to judge of the election qualifi cation and returns of its own member. "5. The constitution of tile United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme law of the land, anything in the constitution or law of any of the States to the contrary notwithstanding ; all powers not conferred by the constitution or the general Government are re served to the States and the people unrestrictedly. Among the rights thus reserved to the States is the right to pre serve the qualifications for elective franchise therein, which right Congress cannot interfere with. No State or convention of States has the right to withdraw from the Union, or to exclude, through their action in Congress or otherwise, any State or States from the Union. The Union of these States is perpetual. " 6. Such amendments to the constitution of the United States may be made by the people theoreof as they may deem expedient, but only in the mode pointed out by its resolution, and proposing such amendments, whether by Congress or Convention ; and in ratifying the same all the States of the Union have an equal and indefensible right to a voice and vote thereon. "7. Slavery is abolished, and for ever prohibited ; and there is neither desire nor purpose on the part of the Southern States that it should ever be re-established upon the soil or within the jurisdiction of the United States ; and the enfranchised slaves in all the States of the Union should receive, in common with all their inhabitants, equal protection in every right of person and property. "8. While we regard as utterly invalid, and never to be assumed or made of binding force, any obligation incurred or undertaken in making war against the United States, we hold the debt of the nation to be sacred and inviolable, and we proclaim our purpose in discharging this, as in per forming all other national obligations , to maintain unim paired and unimpeached the faith of the Republic. "9. It is the duty of the national Government to recog nise the services of the Federal soldiers and sailors in the contest just closed, by meeting promptly and fully all their just and rightful claims for the services they have rendered the nation, and by extending to those of them who have survived, and to the widows and orphans of those who have fallen the most graciou; and considerate care. "10. In Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, who in his great office has proved steadfast in his devotion to the constitution, the laws, and interests of his country, unmoved by persecutions and undeserved reproach, w e tender to him our cordial and sincere support." ANOTHER ALAR3IING FIRE IN GOSWELL-STREET (THIS DAY).-`Phis morning, about one o'clock, a very alarming fire, and had it not been so opportunely discovered, would, no doubt, have been attended with the loss of life to several human beings, broke out in the pre mises belonging to Mr. Crawfield, a furniture broker, car rying on business at No. 97, Lever-street, Goswell-street. The discovery was made simultaneously by Police-con stables 97 and 197 of the G division, by noticing a lurid glare in the front shop. At that time the whole of the in mates were asleep in their beds. The officers succeeded in arousing them, and they happily effected their escape. Conductors Burgess and Greathead quickly arrived, with two of the Royal Society's escapes, and were followed by head engineer Flinn, with one of Shand, Mason, and Co.'s powerful laud steam fire engines, and several of the Metropolitan Brigade from other stations. The New River Company's mains having been drawn, they yielded a plentiful supply of water, and the firemen went to work and happily succeeded in extinguishing the flames, but the whole of the stock in trade was destroyed, and the lower part of the premises burnt out, and the upper part severely damaged by heat, &O. The origin of the misfor tune is unknown. The sufferer, it is understood, was in sured, THE PUBLIC HEALTH. The following is the weekly return of the Red gistrar-G-eneral of births and deaths in London in 12 other large towns of the United Kingdom' General Register-office, Somerset-house, Aug. 27 .' 6, In the week that ended on Saturday, Aug ust the births registered in London and 12 other tar towns of the United Kingdom were 4 , 107 ; , deaths registered 3,175. The annual rate a 111°r tality was 27 per 1,000 persons living. In London the births of 1,050 boys and 992 g ill : in all 2,042 children, were registered in the we% In the corresponding weeks of ten years, 1856-' o' the average number, corrected for increase of lation, was 1,916. c The deaths registered in London during the w e! were 1,477. It was the 34th week of the l ea . r : and the average number of deaths for that W ee t o l 4, with a correction for increase of population, 1,30.' The deaths in the present return exceed the e 5 mated number by 173. ;. de' The mortality from cholera and diarrhoea iar, dining. 265 deaths from cholera and 129 from wd, rhce were registered last week. In the five pre ee o, ing weeks the deaths from cholera were 346, 9 tbe 1,053, 781, 455 ; the deaths from diarrhcea is t he same periods were 221, 349, 354, 264, 194. deaths registered last week from cholera and ', P a o rhcea, 198 persons died from cholera and 4 It;c1 diarrhcea in the East districts, 3 from cholera, e'ocl 15 from diarrhcea in the West, 12 from cholera 01,0 21 from diarrhcea it the North, 13 from eb ° , l , o o and 13 from diarrhcea in the Central, 3 9 ' 1 ;40. cholera and 39 from diarrhcea, in the South distriwoo One hundred and fifteen young persons unclero;• years of age died from cholera, and 115 from '0,4 rhcea ; at the age of 20 and upwards, 150 d e° occurred from cholera and 14 from diarrhcea• The annual rate of mortality last week I f 3 0 i) per 1,000 in London, 23 in Edinburgh, and '4 ill Dublin ; 18 in Bristol, 21 in Birmingham, il od its Liverpool, 29 in Manchester, 20 in Salford, a" Sheffield, 34 in Leeds, 19 in Hull, 32 in Ne We '" upon-Tyne, and 23 in Glasgow. The 503 deaths returned last week in Liferjeiis showed a decline of 15 upon those of th e Pre id week, although still 200'above the corrected 3ce ee fl number in the corresponding week of the tal 1 t of 1856-65. Of the 503 deaths 288 were the gee re' diseases of the zymotic class, of which 146 ;iOOl ferred to cholera, 69 to diarrhcea, 23 to sea r „ l° o 4o% and 16 each to typhus and whooping-cough• tlO4 the past eight weeks the deaths from cholera i l/ 06, town have been respectively 4, 19, 45, 87, 10110 the 157, and 146. The annual rate of mortaliti /400, borough during the 34 weeks of the preseat re which ended last Saturday, has averaged 4 3 : a ;1 0 1,000, whereas in the ten years to 1851.60 di exceed 30.0. 00 0 At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, tb i e /5 ia' height of the barometer in the week was 29 :, The barometrical reading increased from 2 ' . p Oi ti on Monday to 29.94 in. on Saturday. T i ' jog; temperature of the air in the week was 61 ,: d e 0 0 ) , which is 0.5 deg. above the average of t i per 4 o week in 50 years (as determined by Mr. 47 ) The highest day temperature was 7 4 ' 3 re o'` Thursday. The lowest night tenaperatuof 45.0' deg., on Sunday. The entire range e°' 1 13 , 0 perature in the week was, therefore, 29' 3 a ,f10 133 ',, mean of the highest temperatures of 0° 60 .6 P, was 61.5 deg. ; that of the lowest Was t ta l 4 The difference between the mean dew-P°l (1.1) perature and air temperature was 4.2 doetgo: goo mean degree of humidity of the air was. 101 plete saturation being represented by lo°o „„,j s t fell to the amount of 0 .32 in. Th e blue P cry L P' observed in various degrees of de nsity ev tU except Thursday. wledg e i The Registrar-General has to ackne N o l o- o f courtesy of the London Water Compan ies 0 11 0 0 furnished him with the averag e dally 5 t ° rue t water for the month of July ; 467,636 0 tocb of water were supplied daily ; or 1,0 76 litra to eti • house, and 152 litres (or 33.6 gallo n perspu, Th e ea se at n egoti: 4uati n recede a rath cent. / The Bank Z 1 5,0( with c h Canad The tauc e °4 the The c hant ti er , ot Patty, R Peetit l 'eStric until ' 1.4 gel th e in At tele gr C9l . c Pie Erie ch ar Tru, ar e gage 8 me \ au]