The Sun. — London, England, 1852-06-24 00:00:00

Oiftb 'Zlttion+ SUN OFFICE, Seven o'Clock. NEWCASTLE RACES. (THIS DAY.) (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) (Continued from our Third Edition.) The Corporation Plate. Chief Justice ... ... ••• ~ Lough Bawn ... ••• ••• ••. . 17ancy Girl ... ... ... . maid of Team Valley ... ... . Eleven ran. Won by a length. The Speculation Plate. Brawn ... Cleveland Seven rift. ... 1 ... 2 STOCKBRIDGE RACES. (Tins DAY.) (BY ELECTRIC TELEGH,APH ) (Continuwd fr)ra oar Four,h The MottijuL:, Stakes. Cheddar ... Vanitress Prevention liVIPERIAL PARLIAMEN' (THIS EVENING•) oSf;ph petitions e ti L ti o o ß n D s HOUSE OF LO RD Their Lordships assembled at Fiv e o'clock, CluricELLoit presiding. number Maynooth giant, and praying for the inspection of nunneries. The Esrl of RODEN presented a from different parts of Irelan d a g ainst the ADULTERATION OF COFFEE . In answer to a question from Lord TORRIN GTON, The Earl of DERBY said that it was the i the Government to rescind the minute of 1 84 0, of 840, which Fermits the admixt ure of chicor y an d other articles with c offee; at the sam e time, as the sim p l e exposedrescinding t o of th e m i nute would leav e g rocers and others pro secution for keepi n g on premises articles which m i g ht be used f or the adulte th -ef,r:"" , of wou ld be given to the Excise not to press for penalties coffee, instructions where these articles were kept l in separate packets, and the Earl of MINTo and Lord B,EDESDALE, the subject dropped. BENNET'S DIVORCE. Lord MOUNTCASUELL moved the second reading of this Bill, the consideration of which, it will be remem bered, was postponed sine die. The Noble Lord entered at considerable leng th i nto the circumstances of this case, which were reporte d in o ur columns at the time they were given at the bar of t hei r Lordships':llouse, and was (LEFT SPEARING.) ROUSE OF LORDS.-(THIS DAY.) DIMES V. GRAND JUNCTION CANAL COMPANY. This app-al, which was opened yesterday, was con cluded to-day. Two separate questions were put to the judges, and time allowed for consideration. QUEEN'S BENCH.—(THIS DAY.) (Sittings at Nisi Prins at Westminster, before Lord CASIPBELL and a Special Jury.) THE QUEEN (ON THE PROSECUTION CF ACHILLI) v. NEWMAN.-C RIMINAL INFO RMATI )N. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition.) The ATTORNEY • GENERAL replied on the whole Cale, going at considerable length into each of the charges contained in the libel, and concluded an able and eloquent address shortly after five o'clock. _ Lord CAMPBELL then proceeded to sum up, and had not concluded his charge when our report lett. FRANCE. The Moniteur contains the exposé des motifs and text of the Bill authorising the amalgamation of the railways from Lyons to Avgnon, Avignon to Mir wiles, and Marseilles to Toulon. The Gazette de Lyon, of the 20th, announces that Mr. Arthur Berryer, Government Commissioner, had passed through that place the day before on his way to Piedmont, to regulate the conditions which are to serve as the basis for establishing railway lines to connect Turin with the French frontier. GERMANY. The agitation against the order of Freemasons, which is supported by the Government in Saxony, appears to be beginning in Prussia, though it has not yet found any official countenance. The Saxon pamphlets, denouncing the whole order as revolu tionary and irreligious, have been enclosed anony mously to some of the members of the Cabinet. In Prusail the Freemasons have members among the highest ranks, and it is asserted that the influence of the order here has been decidedly Conservative. The subject will, perinps, in. taken up with some degree of z-sal, for the want of any other question of contro verAy, the dearth of matter of political interest being extreme. ELECTION INTELLIGENCE. KING'S LYNN. Lord Stanley, son of the Pr7:nier, and Uad=lr-S2ere tary for Foreign Affttir3 hi i6sned the following ad dre3v:— "The approaching dissolution of Parliament induces me again to address you, and I do so the rather, because duties connected with th e offic e w hi c h I h o ld will render it impossible for me, so long as the House of Commons continues its sittings, to solicit your votes in person. " Chosen by you for the discharge of an important trust, at a time when neither personally nor politically had I the honour to be known to any single member of your constituency, I cannot but remember with feelings of more than ordinary gratitude the unusual and per sonally unmerited confidence which you reposed in mo on that occasion. I hope that in the course of a brief Parliamentary career I have done nothing to prove my self unworthy of such confidence; and it would be to me a source of deep regret if a connexion formed under cir cumstances so fiettering, should be dissolved on a farther acquaintance. From my side, at l eas t, th e se p ara ti on wit not come: " But it is not of merely personal matters that I desire to speak. The state of public affairs is critical; and it is incumbent upon you not to be misled by any misrepre sentations concerning it. th:into great 4 period of nearly six years has now gone by since sies h_ e_adin Conservative party of England was first divided sections, by a diffsrence arising on both awe i'dilit, of bonouraele feelings, yet singularly lament :(riesults. Daring the greater part of this in terval th government of the country has been entrusted toan Ad ra i sapporteti by_s ne e ministration hems(' on the narrowest basis and un e eoeficlecce of the people. The want of ad ministrative due in somelZ' displayed by the late Cabinet, though to the 6min:see:ices in which they w3r e placed, h es n r t lie business, and a,e t r l ially . retarded the progress of pub 4their successors a legacy of unac complished referee,. see tagnrnter evils did not followfrom the absence of vi, le ' tributablo mainly to ns the 1 Popular Government, is at and to the agency of an co iaterpo . sition of Parliament, and vi _ ii3ut. . The uees , jon P o o!ttion at once forbearing caw, : marr ing at a moz i „ t Is t I t i _b_e present Ministry to enizstisn of l ee st ex p e cted, ens been e aleati ~,L . 7 n such an event was part for the possession of p .„ 15 g inl e t struggle on their o_ ely by the in ternal weakness and disorg their opponents. Alread House of Comma )i n t he face of a thre atenit hostile d they 1, 9, ,, a agitation and a ns A rtaient of carried through measures, in every .02a- b een Public buiness, the l o ng go necessity of which hadf-v*v.ei feltY, and the utility of which is generally recognised "Leer has been amended; the do ene e or ~t , grosvi nt e '',"___ 7 country n provided for; on one great and sentativa . institutions have bden con o ferre ti l ; lul l anr4reer haa at Last been permitted to enjoy y atio a l' ene fit of a constitution long pr;:mised and v vexatiously delyed from ear. These acts, not in themselves unimportant, are qu a • neat of what may hereafter be expecte d , ne their au . thors, when the expressed confidence o f ." ( "thstry shall hare given them a more secure position, and a wide scope fur action. It is as a supporter and a subordi nate member of this Ad m i n i s t ra ti o n that / now ask Your suffrages. " The designs of the Government will be more fitly explained in th e course of the impen di ng elections, by s the responsible a d v i sers of the Crown. B u t it may not be irrelevant here to call your attention to ono or two of the principal questionswhich during the last three years have divided the opinions of Parliament. "The late Prime Minister, at the commencement of the present session, propounded a scheme intended to subvert that system of national representation which h e himself inaugurated at the passing of th e fi rs t Reform Bill. His proposition, condemned by the public voice, has fallen with its originator. But it is unquestionable that soma inequalities and abuses exist in the distribution of electoral privileges; and where these can be rectified, or where en increase of population or of intelligence renders the actual franchise inadequate to the wants of the people, I cannot believe that the cause of the consti tutiou is bound up with the maintenance of a system im perfect in its details. To questions of this nature, how ever, not involving organic changes in the constitution, Ido not ascribe that d egree o f i mportance which is sometimes given them. I believe that the House of Commons, as at present constituted, represents with tolerable accuracy the wants and feelings of every class; j and I know that, practically, it opens to talent in every rank of lira the pathof distinction t. State. Tacit, iu _fie service of the arty extent by a antagee 12. e not seourtd to an equal an y other legislative as s e m bl y now suiting in the world, " A measur e Wal introduced in the session of 1851, by ruanY persons c on fo s r eeezt l io e u . sly held to be a violation of religions liberty, so t n nevertheless, I felt it my duty to vote. I didbecause I thought that the as sumption of titular rank in this country, by th nomi nees of a for ei g n sovereign, could not ot - be e other wise regarded than as an encroachment prerogative of the Crown, anti as an aggression on the nationality of England. Againstth is aggression some protest was required, and I supported the only form of protest which it se emed possible to em body in a lavi; Btiti thought then, and I still continue to think, that the manner in which that law was framed and introduced was unhappily calculated to excite reli- THE SUN, gious animosity and to array one portion of the empire ; t,gainst, another. For this result the framers of the Act in question are alone responsible. "The financial system of the present Government has already been partially announced in Parliament. It is , I think, unquestionable, that by the operation of the tariff of 1846 an unduly large proportion of the public burdens has been thrown upon the land. Such was certainly the opinion of Sir Robert Peel, who, in repealing the corn-laws, proposed com pensating measures, which have not been carried into effect by his successors. With regard to a tax on the importation of foreign corn, I cannot consider it as in principle more objectionable than any other impost falling on the public at large. But in questions of taxa tion, especially, the; feeling of the people is t o be con sidered; and I h ave no hesitation in saying that I believe that feeling to be such as to render the imposition of any protective duty impossible. " It is to economy in the nationa l ex p endi ture, and re vision of the national taxation , that the f armers of Eng land must look for the am elioration of their present condition. " I have now, gentlemen, stated, as briefly as I could, my view, on the most important questions of the day. If you approve of those views, and if you believe that I shall, to the utmost of my abili:y, cQntifole honestly to put iii ray h ar H s i h o means of carr)i:ig defend the polit ical p rinci p l es which I have laid down, i t t he is in for (1 3 ; ' , y o h uto wzaln returnin g the as your representatiie to Parliament." ----- THE CANDIDATES FOR THE PRESI DENCY OF THE UNITED STATES. NEw YoRK, JUNE B.—The steamer of last Saturday left just two hours before the news came of the nomina -1 tion of the Democratic candidate for the Presidency of the United States. The result is precisely what I anti cipated, and intimated in my last letters. No one of the prominent candidates whose names came before the Convention was strong enough to command the undi vided support of the Democratic party; and Virginia, which has given us more than half our presidents from the time of Washington, and made most of the others, led the way for General Frank Pierce, of New Hamp shire. His name was hardly announced before the whole body of the Convention went over, and on the second ballot he was unanimously proclaimed. General Pierce is 54 years of age. Entering pub lic life very early, and achieving eminence at the bar, he distinguished himself in the Legislature of his na tive State, was several times elected Speaker of its Lower House, was afterwards a Member for six years of the House of Representatives at Wash ington, and in 1837 was elected a member of the United States Senate. He is a man of thorough academic education, great political experience, unble mished private character, and unwavering firmness and decision. He is, and always has beets, eminently a national man, never having been connected with any of the factions or cliques of his party or of the times; and, although he had not achieved so brilliant a reputation, nor made so much noise, nor had caused, or even allowed, his name to be brought forward on many occasions, still the ad mirable modesty of his character, his great private worth, and public integrity had won for him the confi dence and respect of all who knew him, He has from the beginning been devotedly attached to the principles of freArade, and in this respect, probably, he is one of our most enlightened statesmen. The Hon. William Rufus King (who, by the provi sions of the Constitution and the election of the Senate, has, in consequence of the death of two Presidents in office, twice become Vice-President of the United States) has for many years presided over the Senate. He is a man also of great political ex perience ; entered the Senate upwards of thirty years ago, where he has remained ever since, with the exception of an interval of three years, when he re presented our Government at the Court of France, from 1844 to 1847. He is a man of great dignity of character, integrity, and learning. He is moderate in all his feel ings; and although he is not a brilliant man, still he possesses all those qualifications which the position be is nominated to calls tor. A single word in regard to his prospects of success. At first the nomination of General Pierce took the whole country by surprise; but before twenty-four hours bad passed it seemed to give universal satisfaction to the Democratic party, and you will perceive from the tone of the Whig papers that they regard Mr. Pierce as the most formidable antagonist they could pos sibly have had to encounter. I believe there is not an instance in our history in which the Democrats have lost an election where they were perfectly united, General Pierce seems to have harmonized them com pletely, being an extreme northern man, brought for ward by the south, and receiving, as he did, the undi vided support of the entire Convention. The telegragh has brought us back the adhesion for him of every state in the onion except California. That state is known to be democratic. It was aprehended that there would be a split in the Convention, for it was not sup pond that any expedient could be hit upon that would soften the asperities of faction and unite the entire de mocratic party. But this has been done most effectually; and, therefore, the impression seems to be universal among the Democrats, and generally among the Whigs, that the" ticket" will be elected. The Whigs are all alarmed, and it is supposed that the action of the Democratic Convention renders Gene ral Scott's chances less flattering. Until the result of the Baltimore Convention was known;for several weeks events had taken such a course that no doubt seemed to be entertained that General Scott would be no minated. But so much d'econtert has manifested itself in the Whig party within a few days, and so many of its leading organs have c•Tatnitted themselves in so un cnalified a manner against Gen. Scott, that it seems more man probable his nomination would only divide the Whig party, and consequently cut off their lat hope of triumph. There is, in fact, en f.r as I can judge, no hope whatever for them in the next struggle, unless they imitate the ex,maple of the Democrats—:hrow over board all their prominent c.inri:dates, and fix upon a Young man who is obnoxious to no section of the eonntry and to no portion of the party. If this be done there rosy b e s ome doubt about the result; but I confess that for myself I entertain but very little. Other things being equal, the Democrats always stand the best chance; and now, when their intestine difficul ties r'ild feeds are all healed up, at least for the present, ciretamstance s can hardly be conceived that would again inflame a spirit of disunion among them. The proba bilities aro very strong that General Pierce, if he lives, will be the next President of the United States. In my next letter I will more minutely unfold the actual state of the political affairs of the country, and of both parties, and define the great issues on which the political struggle is to take place.— Times. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. Yesterday afternoon the third grand flower show this season of the Royal South London Floricultural Society took place at the Surrey Gardens. The weather was as favourable es could be wished, or as the excellence of the exhibition deserved; and before six o'clock last night the gardens were completely thronged with one of the most numerous and fashionable assemblies which we have witnessed for some time past. The show, which was of greenhouse plants, was remarkably fine, the peLzgoniums and Cape heaths, in particular, sxciting much admiration. Nor must we forget to mention fa vourably the display of roses and pinks, which, both for their 5!Z9 and variety, equalled anything of the kind we have seen at the Botanic. The following is a list of the prizes which were awarded to the successful eorapetitors : _ To CLASS THE FIRST (Private Growers, not culti vating Flovess, &c. for Sale.)—For the best collection of stove and greenhouse plants, 15 pots (orchideous plants excluded), large gold Victoria medal, Mr. Cole; for the second best ditto, small gold Victoria medal, Mr. Over, jun.; for the third best ditto, gold Albert medal, Mr. Rotor; for the fourth best ditto, large silver Victoria medal, Mr. Stanley; for the fif!h best ditto, large silver Lineman medal, Mr. Hemp. For fie best six specimens of orchideous plants in flower, small silver Victoria medal, Mr. Jarvis. For Cape heaths (in collections of six varieties), large silver Victoria medal, Mr. Smith; for the second best ditto, large silver Lintm an medal, Mr. Cole; for the third best 1 ditto, small Victoria medal, Mr. Over. For pelargo niums, in eoil.ctions of nix varieties (in 8-inch pots), large silver Victoria medal, Mr. Robinson; for the second best ditto, large silver Linumsn medal, Mr. Loch ner. For fancy pelirgoniums, in collections of six varie ties (8-inch pots), large silver Albert medal, Mr. Robin son; for the second best ditto, small silver Victoria medal, R. Mosely Esq.; for the third best ditto, small silver Lim:mesa medal, Mr. Roser. For pinks (in collection of twelve varieties, to be exhibited in the society's stands, and to be judged off cards), large silver Albert medal, Mr. Baker; for the second best ditto, small silver Victoria medal, Mr. Hardstone; far._ the third best ditto, small silver Lineman medal, 41 r- lialliday• for the fourth best ditto, small silver Ibert medal ' Mr Ellis For roses (garden varieties, of exele47er oat m i oor , • . • , . i n culture), in collections of twelve varieties, in i n muss (not exceeding three trusses), to be exhibited 's boxes, painted green, all others to be „„ isti b urge silver Aibort meda_,l Mr. Reser; for the Jarvis ; fo r t ditto, small silver Victoria medal, Mr. medal, 4, pis third best ditto, small silver Linnman of twelve „ a t .linleY. For ranunculuses (in collections les), to be exhibited in the grower's stands, sEamin the second th:arp.r Victoria medal, Mr. Phillips; for icis.e' Pnts *— A i r z : : e ; for o r ,: u n i l t i to, small silver Lineman medal, Mr. rd beat ditto, small silver Albert medal, Mr. Hook, To CLASS THE SECO ' 4I . 3 •••-• Ba N l :rserymen, and all Persona e end For the best collection greying Flowers, 8 , secluded), gold Albert Alaa , 1 8 Pots (orchideous plants al, Messrs. Rollison and Sons; ofstove greenho for the sccond best ditto, ' az , mess " . r a mplill and 8 00. , 0 silver Victoria medal, For Cape silver Victoria medal, , .pe heaths n collection hf.cleou3 plants, in fl,war%erio• the . best six specimens of bestditto, large silver . O M ° : c e e ,;r h a l . l v t a o r l i ! the second -Lint ._, se sean medal, Messrs cintoi,,n3)7liaSrgene. silver Rollison end Son; for i a : mc i t r .o ,: a i ll a r . d n raeei and a 1 : Co.; ( s f ,, o r r . the thi i rd . 1 o. eight va- I abAuela,bitesdroittnint.o,acilsal„:,;A:(l,lo.alsrvsgerors.i,vFiti, . , • large eilv6 r V. the third b , ,st ditto, small ei,,mvrarzties (g.inch rietics (in 3-i ;c.. poi -), lest , )L l .i..to 1 Gaizl.,., ; ;or the :16•!,atge silve Linnmin medal. P.ltr. Weaterood; for E silver Victoria me&tE, Mr. eight Hunt; r ' l r f ancy pelargo pots), LiUM9 in collections cf small silver Victoria coeds!!. , I ~e , , E . _Punt; for the second best ditto, smell silver -L"' l '" - lite ual Mr. West (in collections i of wood. For ranunculuses 24 , and not less than 18 varieties, to La exhibited in the growers' stands), small silver Victoria medal, DA Parker. For to be exlaibited i pinks (in eollections of 12 vkAricties, • dried off cards) ri the society's stands, and to boil' ~, , small second best ditto, Victoria medal, Mr. Ward; for the ditto, small silver Linuxan medal, Mr. Wilmer. OPEN TO BOTH CLASSES.—Fer the best sp!enneu Air. Colo; for the plant, small silver Albert medal, ••• 1 LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 24 3 1852. second best ditto, bronz- modal, Mr. Over; for the third best ditto, bronze medal, Mr. S. Smith; for the best col lection of fruit (four sorts), small silver Victoria medal, Mr. Jarvis. EXTRA PRIZES OFFERED BY MEMBERS.—By J. Pow 11, E3q. (open to both classes).—For the best 20 specimens of wild flowers, with name and place of growth (to be decided according to their beauty, with a view to their being capable of improvement by cultivation) — small silver Linnean medal, Mr. Clark. By Messrs. J. and J. Fairbairn, of Clapham (to class the first).—For the best six Cape heaths (disiimilar species, in 11-inch pots)—large silver Victoria medal, Mr. Smith. By Mr. B. Turner, of Slough (to class the first).—For the best pelargoniums, in not larger than 8-inch pots (not fancy varieties), sent out since Augnst, 1851—large silver Vic toria medal, Mr. R. Robinson. To Gentlemen's Gardeners (members only).—For the best 12 roses (dis similar), single trusses of one stem—small silver Albert medal, Mr: Roser. For . the second beat ditto—bronze medal, Mr. Jarvis. After the flower-show the concert commenced and continued until dusk, when the eruption of Etna was ex hibited amidst the applause of the whole concourse of visitors. Tha day passed cif with great eclat. ADDITIONAL MATHER, PAPER. TIIE HON. P. C. SCARLETT TO THE EARL OF MALMESBURY, (It.:ceived Julie 19 ) Florence, June 11, 1852. My Lord,—l have just read Mr. Mather's letter t.) your Leedseip, published in the newspapers, in which he allegee that the suggestion of a money compensation came from the Legation. Such a suggestion was never made by me or by my authority, or with my knowledge or consent, nor have I any reason to believe that any suggestion of the sort was made by any person attached to or connected with the Legation, nor do I know by whom it was made, if it was made. I beg also to take this opportunity of remarking, that it appears by my dispatches, that Mr. Mather, in the presence of two gen tlemen whom I sent to him, Lord Frederic Kerr and Sir John Orde, declined to receive any apology. It is certain that the officer who struck Mr. Ma ther with his sword was ready, in consequence of my request made to the Austrian Envoy, with the sanction and by the command of the Commander-in- Chief of the Austrian army, Prince de Lichetnstein, to express his regret at having done so, whilst under the apprehension that Mr. Mather intended to assault him. Your Lordship will also remember that the officer with whom Prince de Lichtenstein considered the fray to have begun, and who first struck Mr. Mather, was punished by being put under arrest and strongly reprimanded, The private honour of Mr. Mather, which W 23 in some degree identified with that of the public, would thus have received the fullest atonement that any gentleman could require. It was in consequence of Mr. Mather's repudiation of all apology that I called for an inquiry, which I understood to be Mr. Mather's expressed desire to the English gentlemen above-mentioned. This course I thought expedient, upon the further ground that be sides bringing to light what really happened in the scuffle, it would give time to the British Government to consider the proper course to be pursued. I did all I could to forward the inquiry, and I also recommended an advocate of the highest reputation, and offered, in my public capacity, to defray the expense of the proceeding. I take upon myself the entire respon sibility of accepting 1,000 francesconi by way of da mages. My reasons for thus deviating from your Lordship's instructions, by which I was to obtain at least 5001., are that having repeatedly demanded this latter sum I was unable to obtain any more than 1,000 francesconi, which was at length offered by the Tuscan Government. If I had persisted in demanding more it is certain that they would have persisted in their pro test against all liability; and under the present peculiar circumstances of the Tuscan Government, I felt that her Majesty's Government could not, consistently with ge nerosity and justice and the truth of the facts, insist on her liability as an independent power. If I am mistaken in this view, I can only express my regret that I did not leave this matter to be settled by another hand; but I hope I may be forgiven the expression of my doubt whether any negotiator could have obtained a larger compensation in the shape of money from the Tuscan Government without very serious extremities. I have, fie., (Signed) P. CAMPBELL SCARLETT, SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The neighing of a horse, the flight of birds, height of stature, strength of arm, or length of beard have in various ages and countries served to de termine the choice and election of rulers over mankind. Bat even these expedients of barbarous or superstitious nations led them in all probability to results less sudden and unexpected than the modern ballot-box, as it is used in the United States. For that singular en gine of popular election positively brings about the exclusion of all the most prominent candidates, and as a necessary consequence, the selection of some person whose abilities and former services had hitherto kept him in a condition of relative obscurity. The principle of hereditary monarchy is perhaps not easily to ,be reconciled with abstract considerations of pure reason applied to the transmission of sovereignty over a free and intelligent people. Nothing appears more simple than to say, " Let such a nation elect the worthies of its citizens to rule over its destinies and to direct its policy." Yet experience shows that hereditary monarchy has for some thousands of years, and under very different phases of civilization, produced less uncertainty and anomaly than the elective system. It is based upon tradition, and justified by experience; but it is still more forcibly recommended by the startling absurdities and the par piexing results of the opposite system, as applied by certain Republican States under our own eyes. Popular election has just given, for instance, a Louis Napo leon to France; and it has suddenly raised a gentle man of New Hampshire, of whom nothing was known in Europe till yesterday, and who was only known in America as a respected member of the Legislature, to the exalted position of candidate of the Democratic party for the Presidency of the - United States. The possibility of success iu this form of election by univer sal suffrage necessarily depends on two trials. The candidate must first be chosen and accepted as the sole candidate of his party throughout the country; and, secondly, the party which has thus adopted him must obtain the majority over its antagonist at th e regu l ar and de c i s i ve e l ec ti on required by the Constitutipn. But the preliminary election, conducted under pri vate arrangement, and binding only by the obligations of party honour, is indispensable to ultimate success, for if either party were divided in the choice of its representative, the victory would remain with the other side; and, in point of fact, although the sub sequent and formal election decides the contest of par ties, the previous convention settles the still more de licate and important question of persons. At this Stage of the electoral proceedings it might, therefore, be conceived that personal merit would have the utmost weight, as all the candidates submitted to this trial are supposed to represent the same political opinions. Yet the recent determination of the Democratic Conven tion at Baltimore has again proved, as had been pre viously shown upon the election of Mr. Polk in 1844, that it is easier for an untried man to attain the summit of political power by such a process than for a man of the hi,hest standing in the country to overcome the jea lousy of his rivals. Montesquieu has said that the prin ciple of absolute monarchy is fear, and that of aristo cracies is honour. To speak in the same general terms, the principle of democracies is envy. Envy is the true name of that passion for equality, which they some times indulge even by the sacrifice of freedom end the proscription of greatness; for, by the operation of universal suffrage and the mechanism of popular elec tions, it is easier to insure the defeat of a rival than to secure the return of a friend. Such is the result which these Caucus elections in the United States frequently exhibit. By the form and rule of their proceedings, the candidate who obtains the votes of two-thirds of the delegates is to be proclaimed the candidate of the whole party, and accepted by the rest. We will suppose that two or more candidates of eminence, such as Mr. Buchanan and General Cass, are the fa vourites, as the minor competitors drop off after the first ballot. As long as there is a third party on the list there may be hope that his votes will be transferred to the other prinsipal candidates, so as to give one of them the requisite number of votes. But suppose that when only two names remain one has 60 and the other 40 votes out of 100, 67 being the number required to make a majority. The contest rages with violence and pertinacity, but with no result. Whatever is to happen neither side will pass over to its imme diate rival; and the passion for excluding him outweighs and mitigates the sense of its own failure. In this way 40 or 50 ballots take place. Parties become weary and irritated, and fall into the state of mon ready to adopt any compromise which will save them from political defeat. At that moment a comparatively small body of voters, who have kept their own counsel and purposely thrown away their votes on other candidates in the earlier ballots, may by good manage ment turn the whole election in favour of their own secret candidate. In the present instance this manceuyre has been skilfully performed by the electioneering dexterity of the men of Virginia, and as they started General Frank Pierce at the critical moment, be became in a very short time the term of compromise between th© rival factions, and was chosen with a degree of unanimity that bodes well for his ultimate success as President of the United States. As far as we are able to collect information respecting a gentleman who is thus raised to a more prominent position than he had before occupied, the lot has in this instance fallen well; and if the chances of success are—as we suppose them to be—in favour of the Democratic candidate, wo greatly prefer General Pierce to either General Coes, Mr. Douglas, or Mr. Buchanan, speaking, of course, principally with reference to the opi nions and policy those gentlemen are believed to enter tain as to the relations of the Union with this country and with foreign Powers. General Pierce is said to Res sees the first and greatest quality of a statesman—high character. He has the good fortune not to have been mixed up with the faverish agitation and the puerile pledges by whieli the eendidatee of the Democratic party are wont to court popularity. He has not made speeches for M. Keeetitla or promised the annexation of Cuba. He has had experience of public affairs in the highest assembly of that country—the Senate of the United States; and, to descend to minor particulars in his political creed, he is at once a man of New England and yet a decided champion of free trade. Mr. Rufus King, the Democratic candidate for the Vice-presidency, is better known to us from having filled the office of American Minister . in Paris, where, however, he left no very high impression of his qualifications, though he was justly more esteemed than his predecessor, General Cass. The ulti mate success of these gentlemen depends, however, on the result of the Presidential contest, which can only be said fel:fly - to begin when - both- parties have named their candidate. The choice of the Whig Convention is still unknown and doubtful. The march of eve n ts in each succeeding year convinces us more and more that there is no occurrence beyond the limits of the British empire, and out of our control, which exercises so great and impor tant an influence on our own welfare, and on the general progress of the world, as the character and policy of the American Government. It is not, therefore, without the deepest interest and solicitude that we watch the somewhat capricious operations by which the composi tion of that Government is to be determined for the next four years. Tie relations of the British em pire and the American Union have gradually twined themselves into a connexion, strengthened by common interests and common freedom, which is alike distinct from the close and sometimes onerous ties of a mother country to her colonies, and from the frigid or politic alliance of two foreign States. Between ourselves end the United States there is no dependency, ; and, strictly speaking, no alliance ; but there is identity in the first interests of industry, of peace, and of mutual respect. There is identity in ties more sacred than those of diplo matic intercourse. We are told that a favourite staple of the inferior press of America is abuse of this country. It may b e so, for whether what they say of us be good or bad, it seldom falls under our notice; but if streh be the practice there, it is not one disposed eof greatness imitate.cipers.: In lt becomes us rather to set our habitual respect for u 0 desire to see increase rex , to that of England herself ; a n d t ote m/ ere we me ,, cr i< is eize the institutions of the United Sates as fc,iely e as we do our own, we are not the less conscious that there in stitutions are but the T ransatlantic growth of our liber ties, our laws, and our g sprung from one root and bred by one people. DAILY NEWS. — Check the second has been felt by Louis Napoleon. In December he had things all his t tw ! h o ce u naertiy;:e Plo° own way—the army umnaged that—but when amongst his shower of decrees came out one confiscating the pro perty of the Orleans family, the lawyers of France ve ntured to question the legality of his spoliation, and in the proceedings that ensued the despotic Pre sident of a i non iaal republic met his first serious rebuff. Eosbued with the determination to remain the absolute master of France, Louis Na poleon, however, thought it politic to surround himself by the semblance of constitutional forms, and with that view ho arranged his set of puppets as members of a Council of State and of a Legislative Body. To the latter of these he last Steep sent for the second time his Finan cial Scheme for the coming year, with the understand ing that by his t revr Constitution they were bound to adopt it as a whole. But the members, though chiefly his friends and nominees—being dignified with the title of Corps Legislatif, and enjoying the dig nity of law makers —felt enough or the spirit of freemen to venture, on Tuesday, upon a discussion of the items placed before them for approval. Whilst bile) in this task they we , re not unwatched. In an obscure part of the gallery of the House—" in the corner of one of the reserved tribunes, in such a position as to be con cealed as much k . possible"—sat the usurper himself, that be might B ee how hi s Ch am b er b e h ave d it se lf. A mem b e r urged o bjections to the proposition to adopt a budget to which no amendments could be made, and which must be taken as a whole or be rejected altogether, when M. Billault said the speaker was inveighing against the Constitutiene-slight murmurs were heard. Another speaker at tac ked the budget, when a Councillor of State expressed his astonishment that any one " could outrage the Consti tution which had saved the country. " Or this a louder storm of disapprobation arose, when, lo! a no t e from the ten ant of the obscure box reached the hands of the chairman, and h e rea d t o th e as t on i s hed Assembly t h e opinion of the President, that they were breaking their bounds. "On this a profound sensation "—says the reporter for the English papers—" a profound sore sation Rervaded the Chamber, which broke up in con fusion. This is precisely what was anticipated. A real despotism cannot work harmoniously under the whole some trammels of constitutionul forms. Louis Napoleon has been tripp e d up by the difficulty that has again and again been pointed out, and this very anticipation of such a result gave treble significance to the news when it yes terday reached London. The electric telegraph brought the intelligence by mid-day, and our funds were at once affected; and to such influences they must a g ai n and spin, beyond doubt, be liable whilst France is in the hands of the unscrupulous men who novr controls her destinies. Whilst we have a Minister like Lord Malmesbury for the manager of our conti nental relations—a man who manifests day e , by day sympathy with the despots who are ranged on one side in this great controversy—every move ment of foreign tyranny becomes of vital importance to us in relation to our own liberties. Already our honour has been pat up to auction in the streets of Florence. Already we have been insulted by the production in our Parliament of the proposed French Extradition Bill, by which Lord Malmesbury showed his willingness to let England be made the cats-paw of the French usurper in recovering obnoxious French citizens. The resistance of our Peers had some substance in it, but too much smooth ness for such times. However, the Bill is withdrown "for the present," and we must be on the watch for its rein troduction. More serious still is our relation to the French Government with regard to the liberty of our press. With this Lord Malmesbury has, thus far, had no con cern, as far as is known, but that which he shares with the members of the late Government—that of censuring the out-speaking of cur press about the conduct of the dictator who is crushing France. But can he be depended on for upholding our liberty of speech in the conflict which Louis Napoleon has thought fit to begin? If Lord John Russell and Earl Grey exposed themselves to rebuke six months ago for their low tone about the action of the press, is it to be expected that a MAl:nesbury will take a higher stand after a six months' confirmation of the usurper's power? Tho representative of England in Paris has thus far done well. Lord Cowley acted like a true Englishman on the spot, and deserves all commsndation; and we must took to it that ho is not embarrassed by the head of his :department acting like a French man at home. We shall presently be without a Parliament. There will be an interval long or short. during which Lord Malmesbury may do an infinity of eaiseeiete if he be not given to understand distinctly that the people of England will not b 3 trifled with during this interval; that they have no sympathy with foreign despots, whatever he may h ave, and that every misre presentation of English ideas and feelings of which he may be guilty, will be visited upon him as soon as their representatives meet again. The worst of it is that the man himself hes no choice whether he shall serve us faith fully or not. It is not that he is acting in ono way while he is thinking in ano ther —yielding to any supposed necessity against his own convictions—it is that his sym pathies are, as far as yet shown, with the ruling powers abroad; —that he does not understand English liberties, nor share English feelings, nor perceive the position that England will choose to hold in any coming struggle for freedom in Europe- The danger lies in the character of his mind. We cannot change that. The thing that we can do is to change the man. This it is that the people will look to, while we are without a Parliament. Lord Malmesbury will be doing what he will in the Foreign office; the people must be doing what they will in the elections; and their will must be to put a true English man into Lord Malinesburyes place. There is a time coming—the time of the next European struggle—when our island may be—w ith all the sins and woos that lie within it—a sort of island of the blest in the midst of a hemisphere swept with storms; an open air, where men may still think, and say w h at they think, of virtue and vice, in high places and in low; a solitary kingdom where monarch and people in may understand and love a lofty each other; platform, where the national honour so shines amidst the surrounding gloom, that any sha dow allowed to pass over it would he an eclipse to th nations. If such a day e should be coming, we cannot look too soon to the b n -andness of our State, nor pro vide too vigilantly for its integrity. If such a day should come, a n w hardloos h eto have a Malmes bury for the watchm an e c ri our tower. HEALTH OF LO Ra g i ster-Geaeral ' a Report.) (From the IV ii ---- 02VDURING THE WEEK. districts in the weak d• . The number of deaths registere . . tan same lug last Saturday is nearly sue same as in the preceding din the metropolitan week, and amounts to 903. In the ten weeks corresn ending to last week of the years 1842-l ion the average mortality now returned i s correction for increase P 'lumber was 880, which, with a a. population, becomes 968. The mated amount by 65. ' amount to 41 Y The mortality produced by diseases of the respiratory therefore, less than the esti mated last week wa 3 ~ 1 04, and is near the usual amount for this season or the year. Epidemics were fatal in the preceding week in 209 cases, and last week in 196, a decrease which , Il;othwo,sul,ldinbtevrisohmicekwmhaatymore marked, be expected, but for diarrbma prevalent. Small..N; with the apPreach of F g corresponding weeks; in five cases , years, and 7 adults, a destroyed 28 children under 15 the summer months, to become mortalit double the average of at the ages of 22 and 32 Tara it is stated that vaccina tion had been preai uuei / two of which occurred scarlatina Two deaths tered in the week ',p erf ormed. The fatal cases of ascribed to English cholera were regis- On 16th June, at 1 ; the following are the cases in detail:— On aged 47 years, died -rs, died of " English cholera (3 days)." On 14th June, at 0 Shrubland-grove, Dalston, a spin '9, Willow-street, St. Leonard's, Shore- ditch, a shoemaker, aged cholera (7 day s ) . ,, Mr. Yarrow reports that " this man lived in a small roam with his family, which consisted of 27 years. died of "English his wife and three children; he had been suffering for some time from diseased liver and diarrhoea." Four deaths occurred in the Smallpox hospital. In .the Totte nham-court sub-district of Pancras, at 5, Cumberland - court, on 17th June, the daughter of a shoemaker, aged 15 months, died of " scarlatina ( 10 days), bronchitis ( 4 daysy, Mr. Nodes, the deputy registrar, mentions that " scarlatina is raging in this curt, c whi h appears to be almost without ventilation." On 12th June, a labourer, aged 21 years, who had been brought from Red Lion-Court, liingsland-road, died i n Shoredit c h W orkhouse of phthisis. Mr. Bowring adds:—" Red Lion-court contains 15 or 16 houses, wbich consist some of four, others of five rooms; each r oom is occupied b y a separate f am ily; the inhabitants are mostly costerinongers; the place is filthy in the ex treme, close, over -crowded, and without drainage.' _ At 24, Crown -court, Aldgate, on 15th June, a female pen.,ioner on the Hugh Hampstead Gift, died at the ad vanced age el 98 years. Mr. Harria states that " she enjoyod 101. per annum far the last 32 years fromthis o _ charity of 10,000/. (left to the parish for the benefit f s ix blind person s and w id ows ) , w hich had been in the Court of Chancery for 40 years." Mr. Baddel Y , registrar of Mil e-and Old Town, upper part, registered 22 bi r th s an d only 3 deaths in the week. ho says, " The decrease in my return o f deaths at this kr t sea son is worthy o f o b servat i on; it shows an improvement in the health of this sub-district, notwithstanding a sea son v imp a e nt- 1 y unfavourable. From the 11th to the 16th in3t. I had not a death to maister P a nd for the s whole week on ly 3, a number at least throo-fourtha less than the average. At the same time the bir Os show an increase." On 10th May, at 14, Pancras-place, Camden-town, a writer and schoolmaster, aged 51 years, died of " effusion of serum on the brain, from exhatuition caused by dis ease of the lungs and want of food." Post moriem. In quest. A man acid a woman dicd of intemperance. Three children were registered who had died from suffo cation in bed. STATE OF THE WEATHER DURING THE PAST WEEK. SUNDAY.—The sky was covered with cloud throughout the day; cumuli, cirrocumuli, and cirrostrati. There were occasional showers. Electricity --Nothing was shown at any examination. MONDAY.—Three-fourths of the sky were covered till the evening, and overcast at night; cumuli, cumulostrati, and nimbi. Heavy showers of rain. Elect ricity—Positive, and very active during the time of rain falling; sparks and gal vanic currents were shown. TUESDAY.—The clouds were occasionally broken during morning, otherwise the sky was covered with cloud through.. out the day; cirrocumuli, cirrostrati, and scud, Showers of rain. Electricity—Positive, and very active during the time of rain falling; sparks and galvanic currents were shown. WEDNESDAY.—The sky was covered with cloud through out the day; cirrocumuli, cirrostrati, and scud. Slight showers of rain. Electricity—Nothing was shown, THUIZSDAY.—The clouds were broken, at noon, otherwise the sky was covered with stratus, cirrostratus, and loose scud. Showers of rain. Electricity—Positive, and tension weak during the afternoon. FRIDAY.—The sky was covered with cloud till noon, and about three•fourths covered during the remainder of the icy ; stratus, cirrostratus, and scud. Showers of rain. Electricity—Nothing was shown. SATURDAY.—The morning was fine, but the sky was over cast. A thunderstorm occurred at 4h. 15m. the light ning was vivid, and rain fell heavily; after this storm the clouds were somewhat broken. Electricity- 7 Positive, and active daring the morning. The instruments were not exa mined during the continuance of the thunderstorm; after wards none was shown. The mean reading of a thermometer placed on the main mast, and read each day at 9h. A.M. was 57.8' , ; and the mean reading at 9h. r.ss. was 54.9°; the mean readings at the loyal Observatory for the same times were 58.7 Q and 53-7 0 respectively. The reading of the barometer decreased from 2961 in. at the beginning of the week to 29.23 in. by noon on the 16th ; and increased to 29.59 in. by the end of the week. THE ROCHESTER CATHEDRAL TRUSTS. THE REV. R WHISTON V. THE DEAN AND CHAPTER OF ROCHESTER. The hearing of the appeal in the above case was re sumed yesterday morning, in the Arches' Court, Doc tors' Commons. The Bishop of Rochester, Mr. Baron Parke, and Dr. Lushington having taken their seats, Mr. COWLING resumed his argument, which was partly gone through on Friday last, in support of the decision of the dean and chapter of Rochester; and after going through the charges made by Mr. Whiston in detail, said that in looking at the interests of all in this case, he had come to tho conviction that the dean and chapter had acted properly in dismissing Mr. Whiston, however painful it might have been to do so; that they had no alternative, and that they would have shrunk from their duty if they had not done so. Therefore, he must with confidence submit that the judgment of the dean and chapter of Rochester must be affirmed. Mr. Whiston then rose to reply, and said that they had now heard the defence of the dean and chapter—a defence not got up on any emergency, but prepared after a length of time with great accuracy, and elaborated in the Court with practised advocacy, and they had come at last to the merits of the case, which they had never done before. Notwithstanding all that careful preparation, they had not denied—they had not contradicted—they had not gainsaid or attempted to gainsay one sub stantial fact that he had put forth in his pamphlet. Tho Learned Gentleman who had just sat down had in dulged in a tirade of personalities and vituperation; but he thought it would have been more dignified on his part to have disproved those facts than to have taken so limited and partial a view of the case. Of the individual charges he had made, affecting, on their proof, his honour, his character, and his credit as a man, he had reason to congratulate himself and his friends that the result of the investigation, conducted through a court which ho had all along deprecated, and while other tribunals were open to the dean and chapter, that he should pass through an ordeal of fire un injured in character, and unsullied in reputation, and through all the smoke which had been raised, which he trusted that he should soon be able to dispel. He then took a survey of all the facts connected with himself and the dean and cbapter previous to and subsequent to his second dismissal, and he refused to go before those who were to be judges as well as accusers, who had refused to supply him with evidence in their possession, and es pecially as he was required to appear alone before them, and thus be entirely at their mercy for what might take place. Ile would read to their Lordships the proceed ings, and opinion given by Bishop Parker, who was the visitor to Rochester School in 1560, and after investi gating all the facts, ho gave it as his opinion that mo rality and decency did not flourish amongst the dean and chapter of Rochester. Had he been scurrilously disposed, should he not have put that fact forward in his pam phl e t? The dean and chapter were the patrons of the Leper Hospital at Chatham, from which the present dean had drawn no less a sum than 5,6721. from its funds. Mr. Ersell knew that the money had been re ceived, and with the full knowledge of all that, how could he be charged with mala fides? As to the sup pressions of the three minor canons, it was distinctly stated in the deed of foundation that there should be for over six minor canons, and by the statute " Da Visi tatione" it was stipulated that they should receive the munificent sum of 301. per annum. Now, it was found that 301. per annum would not keep the minor canon, and, to make up, livings wero given to them. On the vacancies occasioned by the suppression of these three minor canons not being filled up, those livings were given to the friends and relations of the dean and chap ter, and that was the true story and history of the sup pression of these minor canons. Tear Lordships would remember that a solemn decree and order was made by the chapter of Rochester in 1835, for suppres sing these minor canons. Now, he held in his hand a memorial addressed to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners nine months afterwards, to which was attached the name of the Rev. James Griffith, D.D., one of the present members of the chapter, ()ejecting to the suppression of the great canonries, in which it was contended that such a system was n wrong in principle, that,and ininfvaoc, it wasltved the subversion of ancient foundations;' wrong to do what they had themselves done only n i ne months before. It went on to say farther, that it was a " violation of the statutes, and also as regarded the oaths which were taken as well by visitors as by other mem bers of cathedrals." At that time they had been vio lating those principles, and had suppressed three minor canons only six or Dina months betore. Mr. Whiston then went into a variety of details to show that small sums had been paid to persons for services and sm a ll pensions, leaving a large balance unappropriated. Dr. LITSIIINGTON wished to know if the Crown neg any other lected to appoint to the vacancies, was there way under the statutes to apply the amount? f and_ or chapter we ro Mr. Whiston said if the canons took no care to inform the Crown of the vacanc ies, the dean morally, if not legally, responsible such su ms no t having been appropriated. Their Lordships had been called upon by Dr. Addanas, not to restore him to his office, for if they should reverse what had betehnemdotnoe b the dean and chapter they would expose loquy. He submitted that their Lordships were not there to consider the feelings of n t d he wo d oi a d n dis ranegadcrhd aapteoyr, but sat to administer justice, a ad misericordiwn appeal that might be made to them. Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce had said that if the go vernors of the school did not wish to continue with the master they had a certain alternative, but when he men tioned the fact that their relatives and frieuds had re ceived no less a sum than 215 0001. out of the revenues the Church of Rochester, he did not think they would consider it so disagreeable as to adapt that alternative. Irrespective of t he rent charge, the boys were to be ma i nta i n ed out:of the cathedral revenues, and this pro vision was much aggravated by the fact that the dean and chapter had, from time to time, professed so much reve rence for the intentions of the founder. He had been charged with asserting that the dean and canons divided the payments assigned to the suppressed offices, and ho was prepared with proof of that assertion. He would now address himself to the question of having written a ma licious libel. Mr. Whiston then cited several high legal authorities to show that if a man, bona fide made a state ment which might not ba true in all its parts, but was made under an impression of its truth, and for the public benefit, that that could never be considered a malicious libel. If his pamphlet were false, why had they not filed a criminal information against him? Why, for the reason that they felt convinced that a jury would have returned a verdict in his favour. Mr. Whiston having read a lengthened extract from his pamphlet, to show that he had endeavoured by all peaceable and gentle means to obtain justice from the Bishop of Rochester and the dean .and chapter, spoke as follows:—Such was the spirit, such the language in which, on Dec. 14, 1848, I addressed your Lordship, neither one nor the other be speaking the falsehood, the malice, or even the wanton mess of a libeller. If, then, in June, 1852, there is to be any favour—if you are not to plant your judgment on even ground—if there is to be any deflection from a scrupulous and nicely-poised impartiality, I submit most confidently that an appeal conceived in such a spirit, and couched in such terms, and notwithstanding unsuccess ful—claims from the tribunal more than others the most indulgent, nay, the most favourable construction of all my subsequent words and actions. If I deserved to be dismissed, this court is the last iu England which should pronounce the judgment, for if the visitorial authority had been exercised as the founder intended, the publica tion for which I have been so vindictively dismissed would never have taken place. But besides this, your Lordships sit here with no original or general authority, but simply as representatives of the founder. As Black stone says:—" The visitor is to be guided by the inten tions of the founder, so far as they can be collected from the statutes, or the design of the institution." So says the Bishop of Lincoln—" In exercising my visito rial authority lam bound to confine myself within the limits prescribed by the founder for its exercise, as well as - co nstantly to keep in view the purposes for which he con ferred it—that of carrying into execution his in tentions as exhibited in the statutes which he gave for the govern ment of his college. So, ton, my Lords, are the u you re stricted by the same limitatio n s tied bound by obligations; and therefore I ma i n t a i n t h at same obligations; harp neither legal nor moral right —you have no right u at all —to pronounce any d ec i sion except' what you believe the founders would pronounce if they could rise from their graves, walk into the court, and sit as judges in this case. And can any one—unless he be at. incarna tion of the most unnatural scepticism—noubt what their intentions were, and what their judgment would be, nay, would have been months and years ago, and with out hearing a tithe of what I have detailed proved? Why, my Lords, what are the facts of the case? What were the purposes and the objects which the foun ders had in view and at heart? Were they to multiply dignitaries, to aggrandise deans, or enrich preperidaries by munificent endowments from the constantly increas ing revenues, of which they alone should recinsa stantly incrensing revenues; while the stipends of other objects of their bounty renaaimel without any aug mentation in amount, and were constantly dimin ishing in value? No, it decd; but as they tell US in the name of that Lord who bloke the bonds of Rome, "That youth might h l berally trained, old age fostered with things eeces.sary for living, and liberal largesees of alms to the poor in envie, and repa rations of roads and bridges, and other ofdices of piety teeming over from them raieht thence flaw abroad far and wide to all the neighbouring places to the glory of Almighty God, and the common wePere and happiness of the subjects of the realm." Such, my Lords, were the pureple,saers, that any oneforwhichea slay were fotred with statutes so t ve afao h lnrl a da t wat n lhad o ni c e ceht n vi e e ,:rnhy c sa a po ia ttnhe m eer s mow u teo n . erst a r n e a e n ui d . r S d ctebse soo b P j I s a c i t n s rsteth binding.e e b t eyd,o oaths tide bounditer,mis:tslolta solemn, n r e se statutes been fhithfelly observed; had the obligations of these oaths been indeed deeply felt; had their satiethy been truly revered; those objsete would have been, must have been, fully realised, and the founder would net (to use his own words) have been defrauci-d of the expectation and wish with which, and ior which alone, he endowed cathedrals, and incorpo rated chapters to perpeturee their endowments and administer their Government. Then, indsed, might they have been a support to the Church, a blessing tied an honour to the naeou, objects of veneration with the the rich, and of grant ful affection to the poor, springs of good and useful influence, fountains teeming and flaking over with ail geacrous and kindly offices. S'ineu the ear heard of them, it would have blessed them; when the eye saw them it would have given witness of them. In stead of this, we find a bishop even in the olden times, complaining to the Queen 01 England, not without deep sighs, that the good offices required of cathedral chap ters were, in a manner, almost cleaned and varnished, and then praying her Most Sacred Majesty to take the matter tip herself, sa that the holy plant of her Father's hands might by her be well nouns bed and cherished, and so the Lord would ntess, prsosper, and multiply her days, to the great comfort of the Church, and all her most faithful subjects. Then, in later days, we read of ono M.P. telling the House of Commons, that to speak no less truly than plainly, deans and chapters did either just nothing, or nothing that was just, while an other said to the same assembly, "You see wherefore the lands were granted unto deans and chapters; what their statutes are, and their oaths to keep them. It might be thought that these men do know some way, another or nearer way to Heaven than they track us; or, otherwise, that they would not sit where they do without remorse of conscience. For it is notoriously known that not one of the said statutes are, or ever have been during my remembrance, kept, or the matters con tained in them performed, by any of the deans or pre bendaries of the cathedral. They come, indeed, once a year to receive the rents and profits, but do not distri bute unto the poor and needy their portion, and do not keep any common table; and, instead of preaching the word of God in season and out of season, they are and have been the chief hindrances to the same being done by others." But, my Lords, I will not dwell upon what the chapter plead as their excuse—the invariable practice of their predecessors, for, only twelve years ago, said the Bishop of London, " very many of the cathedral statutes aro notoriously disregarded, al though every dean and canon has taken a solemn oath to keep all and every of them." So said the late Lord Melbourne, "It is scarcely worth while to preserve bodies to perform duties which they have not performed for 300 years, while only a few months ago but one voice was heard in the Commons of England against a measure conceived and accepted in the spirit of the Bishop of Exeter's declaration. That if the par ties who are now members of cathedral bodies shrink from the performance of the duties assigned to them, he should be very glad to abolish these institutions alto gether." And, if this be so—if institutions fouteded with such care —fortified with such bulwark—confided to such guardian—provided with means so ample—fur nished with resources so abundant—and placed in posi tions so commanding, have proved not the strongest ci tadels of our Zion, not the most impregnable fortresses of our Church,but her open weakness and her uncovered shame, until her very friends have beeu fain to swell the cry of her foes, and have almost said, " Down with them, even to the ground"—my Lords, if this be so —and who can d en y it ?—would the foun ders, and if not the founders, will you — I do not say dismiss—l will not say punish me, but even breathe upon me the most subdued whisper of the faintest censure, for endeavours—hearty, sincere, and honest, as they have been—to avert a catas trophe so melancholy, to prevent an overthrow so humi liating and ignominious, by making those institutions faithfully and truly what their founders have declared they meant them to be. My Lords, those founders would not, and you cannot, condemn me, except for an inor dinate crime—a v er y grievous immorality. They would not, and you cannot dismiss me except fur an aggravated delinquency—a gross violation of moral integrity; and I repeat that my exertions began in integrity, have been kept up in sincerity, as they are eveu now sustained by the consciousness of that justice which gives strength irresistible to the feeblest, and armour impenetrable to the most unprotected, while it unlocks the steel and un nerves the arm, and daunts the heart of him whose con science with injustice is corrupted. Bear with me, then, my Lords, if now at the last I say that cheerfully have 1 spurned delight, gladly and confidently have I lived laborious days in the task (I use the words of one of the most eloquent of living men) of trying to save from the operations of time and the worse iejuries of an interested malversation, some of those monuments which yet remain to us of the genuine glory of our an cesters—trophiee which they won in a pious and inno cent warfare, and left to commemorate triumphs un mingled with sorrow, unpolluted by blood, and gained over the worst enemies of the human race—ignorance and her progeny, vice. To labour in such I feel indeed a privilege, to toil in such a task I count indeed an honour; to succeed will in truth be a trirunph unal loyed by any feeling of wrong, unsullied by any act of dishonour, untarnished by any word of deceit, un truth, or shame. And even, my Lords, if in such a streggle I am to suffer more than I have already done— if this suffering is by your judgment and through your agency (by whom it least Bneuid) to be put beyond re paration, and denied all redress, my consolation will be that I suffer in a righteous cause—for principles which, " though h.ffl-2cl oft, yet ever win "—with the approval of my own conscience, and the deep and wide-spread sympathy of my fellow countrymen, in the endeavour to regain for others advantages like those tor which I am myself indebted for the princely living of the same founder, end to which many of the chielest of England's intellectual and moral hierarchy owe everything which has made their lives precious to their country, and their career honourable to themselves. It may be—for human frailty will chow itself in the best of actions, and weaken even the strongest cause—it may be that in doing so I have sometimes spoken with more plainness than prudence, with more 23a1 than discretion, with more indignation at the wrongs of others than consideration for the comfort and welfare of myself. But, my Lords, before you im pute this to me as an inordinate crime, before you charge this againet me as au aggravated immorality, stay, I pray you, a little, and reflect that deep impres sions, and firm convictions, and strong conviction, are not criminal; they are not immoral, they are nut even blameable; they may be irresistible; and, as they alone, humanly speaking, enable a man both to do and to suffer, et facere et parte festre, so they make him not studious of phrases Be long as he keeps to mete, and in different about language so long as ho tells the truth. My Lords, that is what I have done. I have Lot written a book which is untrue; I have not pub lished a calumny which I cannot prove. I have told the truth, which is great; and assuredly will she prevail, whatever power be arraigned against her. I have pleaded for justice, and assuredly will she assert her majesty and hold her own, whoever may usurp her rights and ignore her supremacy. It I have done this imprudently—if with any impropriety or for getfulness of my position, call riot this an aggravated sin, visit not such a fault with anything like cruelty, approach it not with anything akin to partiality or vin dictiveness—leave all that to others. Do you rather, tar rather, regard it with favour, bo it only for the good which it has done, even if you cannot reward it with admiration for the feelings from which it has sprung; nay, my Lords, if you cannot, if you will not follow your own better feelings, and bestow even a reluctant and taint- hued commendation where others have instinctively proffered the mead of unqualified praise, deny me not that consolation which honesty of purpose claims and has its claims allowed; withhold not that indulgence which is everywhere else shown to those who plead and prove continued provocation in others and the absences of all malice in themselves. Refuse me not, if you have any regard for the credit of our national justice; refuse me not, I say, that (gutty which is granted to the meanest criminal who elects "to be tried by Gad and his country;" remembering, in the words of a great writer, "As the man who attacks a flourishing estab lishraEnt writes with a halter round his neck, few will be found to attempt alterations but men of more spirit than prudence, of more sincerity than caution, of warm, eager, impetuous temper; so that if we are to wait for improvement till the cool, the calm, the discreet part of mankind begin, till church governors solicit, or Minis ters of State propose it, I will venture to pronounce, that without His interposition with whom nothing is impossible, we may remain as we are till the renovation of all things." My Lords, I have done. May your judgment be such as the universal acclaim of England will at once ratify, and that "still basal' voice" which whispers in the unseen tribunal of your own hearts will never condemn, and I have no fear or misgiving as to what that judgment will be. The Bishop of RCCHEr:,TER—Wo will consider what judgment we will give. _ POLICE INTELLIGENCE- MANSION-HOUSE. Mary Ann Stagg, about 18 years old, John Wilson, aged 23, and Charles Starhes, aged 21, w ere brought before Sir P. Laurie, charged upon suspicion of basing robbed a farmer at Aldborough fair of bLink notes to the described amount of 500/ , four sovereigns, and two cheques. The moment after the prisoners were taken to the station upon suspicion of having committed es robbery, Acting. Inspector Hamilton, of the City police, communicated by telegraph with the police at Norwich, an d speedily that the property received nu answer stating by him had been stolen, and requesting that the pri soners might b 3 detained in . custody, and by next .the chief constable of Norwich arrived in London, train Mr. John Dunne, chief constable pf the city of Norwich, said—l officially . received information of a robbery which had been committed - fair, on Monday night, upon „ ' at Aldborough farmer and dealer in the parish 1 ) 1 1'. George Gooch, a county of Norfolk, Yesterday of rilarsham, in the me that as he was returning Mr. Gooch reported to on Monday night, he in home, at about 12 o'clock on ale mailc _ 8 accosted by the female pri sonerl glo Tillage Of Aldberetighy Ghat - "topped him, and rtictli him r! - lether ho she wcaild not give her surn-e.hing to driek, nod that ho cc °bent to teavo her w i acn the two rn ,.l e pr i ieners i mme diately Up, G eo on each side: o f hi m, took ho ld o f him ernes, and n a k e d hi m what business be had to srAc to their woman, that the woman then took hold of Lim, and instantly after went af, and that the gee, alto!' ht - neg again questioned him about speaking to tr,e.r woman, followed her. He soi3 that very shortly 9f " : the 'r i dCe3M P' CI ho miseed his purse, containing a 50/. end fig.; 101. Batik of England notes,. a number of la notes of Gurney's bank, a, cliegee upon the East of Eig!ferei B.telt for 891. 103., a ci:t quo noon another country balk for 30/, and three or four sovereigns. T/10 iliLoll.llt of proper .y which, it app eare d, h a d b een i n the p117:: , 3 a 1:w minutes hft , re he m e t t h e woman was up wx.di of 5001. Ho described the wom an an d men by w h, ) , e he lad been rob Led, and the d e s cr ipti on cerre sp Anied , ieh that of the three prisoners. :Sir P. LAtutiE—Do you know the prisoners? Wit know them to be common thieves, who go ithow, to fairs for the purpose of committing rob hives. Sir P. I.A.uniE—Wero there any other persons near the spot at the time this took place? Witness—No; hut soon afterwards several parties came up, and advised :.I.le farmer to epply ut once to the Norwich police. Mr. Josiah F. 11,1g,irs, of 75. Houndsdilch, staymaker, half-pa,t rignc and nine o'clock yester (l4y evening, the femal, pfis,..ner came into my shop to purchase a pair of se.ys. Site examined several, stating that tihe wanted a pair tor wurai weather. I had never seen her before. She ~aid she had just come from the country, I think from Cambridge. Atter about 10 minutes she selecAal a pair, anti offered a 10/. Bank of Norwich note in payment. I refused to change the note. I had noticed the two male prisoners outside waiting for her, and not liking their appearance, I immediately fd loNed them. They alt turned into Bishopsgate-street, and I crossed over to the station-house, and mentiosed my tUSpicloil to policeman 655, who followed them, with to Mrs. Raymond's shop, No. 18, Bishopsgate-street Within. Mrs. Mary Raymond, bootmaker of Bishopsgate street, said— The female prisoner came to me to purchase a bonnet. She selected one, and presented to me a note of Gurney's back, Norfolk. I could not get the country note changed, and she then handed me a 101. Bank of England note. We of the male prisoners was with her, and as I foiled a difficulty in procuring change, ho said to her, " Never mind, leave the note with the lady till morning;" and they left the shop, stating that they would cell in the morning. Tnev told me they were going to emigrate to Australia next day. Policeman 655 said, when Mr. Rogers communicated with me respecting the female prisoner, we followed the three prisoners. The young woman, after a delay of about half an hear at Mrs. Raymond's, came to the dour and looked about; she then returned, and in five minutes she came out and crossed the road and joined the men, who were waiting for her. Two other officers and myself then took them all into custody as they were going towards Shoreditch. In the station-house the girl dropped a bundle of banknotes on the floor. Sir P. LAURIE—Do any of our officers know the pri soners?—Sonie of the principal police-constables who were present said they did not know any one of them. Mr. Dunne—At the last assizes a man named Dugard was transported for life for manslaughter, and the woman who was connected with that man was an intimate asso ciate of the female prisoner. The female searcher at the Moor-lane station-house said she found some banknotes in the young woman's dress. Another City policeman said, the prisoner Starkes ran away down Bishopsgate-streot when he saw me ap proach him. As he was going along he put his hand in his right-hand coat-pocket, and drew out two handfuls of bank -notes, and what I believe was silver and gold. I caught him in Sun-street. A boy came up to me in Bishopsgate- street while I was following him, and handed to me seven 10/. Norwich banknotes. Inspector Hamilton—l received twelve 10/. Norwich banknotes from a person who found them in the street. In consequence of the addresses given by the three pri soners, I was induced to communicate by telegraph last night. The first reply I received was, that only two men were wanted, for sheepstealing. Not being satisfied with that answer, I telegraphed again, and received in a very short time the following communication :—" It is a rob bery. Detain the parties. The police will be up by the first train." Mr. Dunne—l directed that answer to be sent, and I came up in the first train. lam convinced that the pri sooers are the parsons who took the money. Upon being informed of the robbery, I caused bills to be immedi ately circulated. In the bills it was stated that the money was "lost," and the loser with difficulty allowed the issue, in the apprehension that some unpleasantness might arise from the statement at home. Sir P. LAURIE—The manner in which the matter was conducted reflects great credit upon the persons "Pend in the detection of the robbery, and excel lently illustrates the amazing facilities of communica tion with all parts of the country. Da the prisoners wish w say anything? The womaa—All I have to say is, that I found the notes and I know nothing more about them. Wilson—l had nething at all to do with any notes. Starkes—Nor I. lee all a mystery to me. The prisoners were then seat back to prison, and the loser of the property was ordered to attend and identity it, immediately after which they will be com mitted for trial. THE COUPE •A• zt IwxA ii,KETS. NEWCASTLE CATTLE MARKET, JUNE 22.—The supply of beef was 639 head ; trade brisk, and prices higher ; all sold. Sheep and lambs, 516 ; no alteration to notice in either sheep or lambs ; trade steady at former rates, with a good clearance. Prices—Beef, 5s 6d to Os Cd per stone of 141bs ; sheep, 4d to 50 per lb ; lamb, td to tld per lb. EDINBURGH MEAL MARKET, JUNE 22.—There were in the meal market to-day 5 sacks oatmeal, each weighing 2801bs. imperial, whereof 3 sold at 32s Od; 2 sacks pot barley, which sold at 26s t,d. EDINBURGH HAY AND STRAW' MARKET, JUNE 22. Oat straw, from 7s Od to 8s Od per kemple o f 16 st Hay, from 9d to lld per stone. w h e at ditto, 5s 4d to 7s Cd; barley ditto, Os Od to ones 7s Od. tron ; Ha , A LKEITH MEAL MARKET, JUNE 21.—There were in the market to-day 70 bags of oatmeal, 21 of barleymeal, and 2of potbarley ; sales dull. There was no peasemeal or flour in market. Oatmeal down on the top Cd per bag, second quality l a down ; barleymeal the same on the top as last market. Oatmeal, per sack, of 280 lbs. imperial .. Barleymeal, per ditto Peacemeal Flour ... Potbarley First Second Third. 30s 6d 29s Od 283 Od 233 Od 21s 91 21s 6d —s Od —s 0 —3 Od —s 0 —a 0 --s Od 24364 --s Od Od GOAL taAtt&L,; Prices of Coal per ton at Carr's Hartley ..... 143 Od Hasting's Hartley l4s Od New Tanfield 133 3d Tyne Main lls 6d liedheugh Main Faafield Moor Butes— 13s Od Wylam Wall's End, &c. • I.—YESTAII AY. the close of the market:— .ambton Primrose ... 15s Od drlmont l4s 3d letton Lambton itewart's.....l6s Od Cass op fleugh Hall .. l4s 03 Seymour Tees ...... 13s Cd St. Helen's Tees Sixon's Merthyr and Cardiff ......... . 110 Sold. 53, Gosfarth ..... Heaton Northumberland Slaps at maaket, RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, JUNE 23. STOCK ExcaANGE.—The share market opened better this morning, but afterwards declined, and closed heavily. Tho transactions were as fol;ow:—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, loy, dis.—Caledonian, 213,/ x —Eastern Counties, 10 7.l6—East Lancashire, Preference, Quarters, 914—Lanca shire and Yorkshire, 79 3 / B —Ditto, Fifths, 4 3 / 4 dis.—London and North-iiestern, 127—Ditto, New Quarters, 6% p. Ditto, Fifths, 4% p.—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln shire, 344—Midland, 71 3 A—North Staffordshire, 6 dis.— North Union (A), guaranteed by London and North- Western and Lancashire and Yorkshire, 260—Ditto (B), 180 —Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton, Preference, gua ranteed 6 per cent., 1 15.16 p.—York, Newcastle, and Ber wick, 18:y 8 —Dutch Rhenish, 2 7 / 8 die. - , !litkZjCllESTit.it, JUNE 23. Srocx EXCIIANGE.—There has been a fair amount of business done in the share market to-day, but at lower prices. The transactions were as follow :- Caledonian, Preferirce, 95—Eastern Counties, 10—Fleetwood, I—East Lancashire, 19%—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 79%—Ditto, Fifths, dis.—Blackburn (No. 1), 6%—London and North-Western, 127 itte, New Quarto s, 64. p.—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, &PA —Ditto, Preference, 139 , 8 —Midland , 72% Manchester and Birmingham (C) Quarters, 2%, p.— North British, 8 ',/,—Soutli-Eastern and Dover, 21% —Leeds Northern, 17-16- Kendal and Windermere, 12 1 A —West Riding, 3t/ dk.—North Staffordshire, 6 dis.—Oxfo!•: Worcester, and Wolverhampton, 2214 —Edinburgh, Pe!_ , l , l 2_ and Dundee, 5 5 / B —Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Chao'" Junction, 1”8 die. itrAINGEAM, JUNE 23. wass reported ra ther li- EXCHANGE.—The business to -da y Valley, 10% were—Birmingham, Wolverhampton , and St mited, but prices were firm. The only oaurc —Midland Stock, 72%, on trans has Jost transmitted to MADAME D 7 t A h M , E sta G te o s L th D a s t c li j Li); L . holm, the Swedish Government the sum of 2p,000t. to be employed in the creation of new primaiy gratuitous schools, in such letTr from Stock. localities as may stand in need of them. TSB. at o F l3 ) , e t F c Beech-house, T N e E Tttenham, the wife of vicar of Tottenham. Upper Grosvenor -street, the wife of On t the o lle t On the 18th inst., at Glengall-place, Old Kent-road, the v t h i o e e ‘i!..7,2oiclijoinfas t Ball, at s i q l , , t s . q l . lr oodlands-terrace, Blackheath, the wife i f" of f e e l ° o o f t l f v h e J je l a l . I s A j3 e B p t. u h h z m t i ß . : ol :o tr l t .e l , aEsq. MARRIED. At Edinburgh, on the 21st inst , at St. John's Episcopal Chapel, Sir J o h n C raven Carden, iart., of the Priory , Tem plemore, to Jul' a Isabella,b only Oh daughter of Captain Char les G. Robinson R N of iew an - V . * a- ,-LN •B • DIED On the 20th inst., at Cadog,n-place, General Peter Carey. On the 21st inst., at Brook-street, Grosvenor-square, W. M. Fowler, Esq., late ( f Sunning-hill, Berks, aged 70. On the 19th inst., at Eastleigh-lodge, near Warminster, Frances Charlotte Wapshare, aged 70. On the 21st inst., at Guildford, Frances Martha, wife of Henry Woodyer, Esq., aged 22. On the 17th inst., at Ctiertsey, Surrey, C. J. Ives, .the Esq On the 19th inst., Mr. John Palk Griffin, jun., t Crescent, St,ckwell. • On the 20th inst., at Clapham-rise, Jane, eldest daughter of the late Mr. C. Norris, of Windmill-place, Camberwell. On the 19th inst., at Portugal street, Grosvenor-squar e W. Manson, Esq. of King-street, St. James's•square. ikndon: Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNO , ( 2! No. 112, Strand, Printer. at The Sun Office, No. 11a; Strand, in 61 , , Precinct of the Savu, in he coati/ 01 Atiddlo4ol TlUlna* Jae 2 4 , A 854.