The Sun. — London, England, 1866-04-19 00:00:00

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. SMYRNA AND CASSABA. The half-yearly general meeting of this company was held yesterday at the office, Adclaide-place, London -bridge ; Mr. J. W. Larking in the chair. Mr. CAPE, the secretary, read the report, which congratulated the shareholders on the opening of the entire railway, which the:eng,ineer had reported was properly and substantially constructed, and that the limited amount of rolling stock which it was considered prudent only in the first instance to pro- vide had been placed on the line in good condition The directors felt it due to the contractor, Mr. E. Price, to record their high appreciation of the energy and faithfulness with which he had carried out in every respect his contract with the company. The concession was dated 23d January, 1864, the works were commenced on the 19th April, 1864, and the whole line was in work on 22d of January last. The passenger traffic for the first week ending 28th of January amounted to £533, or £8 14s. Bd. per mile, and went on increasing up to the week ending 25th of March, when it amounted to £822, or £l3 9s. 4d. per mile. On the 15th of March the carriage of goods commenced, and for the week ending the 18th of March amounted to £203, and for the week end ing the 25th of March the goods amounted to £2OO, making the total traffic receipts for those two weeks £873 and £1,022 respectively, the average of the two weeks being £l5 10s. per mile per week, at about the worst season of the year for traffic. The passenger traffic had already reached the amount which it was estimated it would realise at this season of the year, and it was still rapidly increasing. As regarded the goods traffic, when the existing carry ing trade was diverted, as it would sho rtl y be, from the road to the railway and developed, the receipts from the goods traffic would also be fully equal to the revenue which was expected from that source. The prospect of a large amount of traffic pointed to the expediency of an addition to the rolling stock. The share capital was £520,000 in ordinary shares and £,280,000 in preference shares, together £BOO,OOO. In December, 1864, the directors were authorised to take up on loan £130,000, and to create and issue bonds for that amount bearing interest at 8 per cent., being repayable in five years, and to keep in reserve £130,000 of the preference shares to. meet the bonds as they arrived at maturity. The bonds were created and issued, and the preference shares kept in reserve accordingly. Those funds were sufficient to meet all demands for the completion and fur nishing of the line in accordance with Mr. Price's contract, leaving a balance of about £5,440 to the credit of the company. It was now proposed to authorise the directors to borrow a fur ther sum of £lOO,OOO, making, with the former powers, a total borrowing authority of £230,000. The £lOO,OOO would be required for purchasing additional rolling stock and paying the contractor a portion of the balance due to him in cash in lieu of shares. The proposed debentures would bear interest at the rate of 8 per cent. per annum, payable half yearly, be issued at £B7 10s., and be redeemed in 11 years from July 1, 1867, at par, by annual drawings. The company had the option, for a limited period, of taking over a concession granted to Mr. Price, for extensions of the line to Philadelphia and Bounnarbashy. The report of Mr. Austen, the engineer, stated that the official acceptance of the line was daily expected, which would render the Government thereafter respon sible for the annual net revenue of £40,000. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, congratulated the shareholders on the open ing of the line throughout, and on the prospects of the traffic. Theirs was the first railway opened throughout in Turkey. For the admirable and rapid manner in which Mr. Price had constructed the works it was their duty to assist him as much as possible by raising the proposed capital. The report and balance-sheet were then adopted. Mr. BURCHELL remarked that it was a Turkish railway carried out by English enterprise. Ile thought it very desirable that English enterprise should develope the resources of Turkey. In con structing their railway they had been entirely suc cessful, and of all things for improving the condi tion of Turkey there was nothing equal to railways, and if judiciously carried out they could not fail to prove successful. lle had taken some pains to compare the traffic on their line with that on the Smyrna and Aidin line, opened in Sept., 1862, of which 48 miles were in operation, and had cost about £17,000 a mile, while the Cassaba line, 61 miles long, opened on January 22 last, had cost £13,000 a mile. Ile found that the traffic receipts on the Smyrna and Aidin line on March 22, 1863, amounted to £245, or £5 per mile per week, while the traffic on their line for the week ending the 18th of March last amounted to £872, or £l4 per mile per week, and for the week ending the 25th of March to £1,022, or £l6 15s. per mile per week ; the average of the two weeks was £9-17, or £lslos. per mile per week, against £267, or £5 ss. per mile per week on the Smyrna and Aidinline in the corresponding period of 1863. On a com parison of traffic for the weeks ending the 4th and 11th of March last on the Smyrna and Aidin, amounting to £5lO, it appeared that the average was £676 for the week, against £255 in 1863, or nearly treble the amount of the latter. The traffic on the Smyrna and Aidin line had greatly increased, and would still further increase on its opening through out to .Aidin ; and, therefore, they might fairly ex pect the traffic on the Cassaba line to treble its pre sent amount in a similar period. They had the guarantee of £40,000 a year net profits by the Turkish Government, but he thought the traffic on the railway would yield the company a much larger profit than the amount of the guarantee. lie con cluded by moving a formal resolution, authorising the directors to create and issue £lOO,OOO in deben tures on the terms stated in the report. Mr. StursoN seconded the motion, and it was carried. Mr. J. Ball was appointed an auditor of the corn pany. Resolutions were passed authorising the directors to exercise the option of taking over the concession for extensions of the line, and to make certain verbal alterations in the articles of association, which latter would require confirmation. 'The proceedings then terminated. PERNAMBUCO. The report of the directors states that they had hoped the mail recently arrived from Brazil might have brought some further communica tion from the Imperial Government on the subject of the promised extension of the company's guarantee. It had not, however, done so. In the meantime, however, all that could be done by them i n the way of urging upon the Government the ne cessity of the earliest decision up on it had been done, and the directors now awaited the re sult. The Le gislative Chambers of Brazil not meeting until March th e di rect to his 1 • ors were of opinion that a memorial la MtY the Em ror respectfully but earnestly callin g 1,-s M Pe ' ajesty's attention sition of affai rs to the po sition metoithe great hardship caused to the company that had already take:7a and unnecessary delays and praying therefore for speedy redress, mi g h t e !' assembling of the Senate, if presented prior to the to the matter being taken in hand immediatety G Session. A memorial to the on opening was accord gof the forwarded by accordingly forwarded under the seal of the company, himself IC the February mail to Mr. Thornton, Minister at Rio, with a request that he would place it in the hands of his -Majesty, By kindly the last mail Mr. Thornton informed the directors that he had done so. A co py of the memorial w as also sub sequently handed by the directors to his Excellency Baron du Penedo, the Brazilian Minister here, with the expression of a hope that he would feel himself at liberty to advocate the company's just and ad mitted claims as there set forth. It appeared to the directors extremely desirable that some person fullypossessed of all the circumstances of the case, and of the views of the shareholders and directors thereon, should go out from this country to Rio to follow up the memorial, aimed with full powers to come to some immediate settlement with the Im perial Government, and to adjust all subsidiary questions, such as the increase of the rolling stock Zli , the extension into Recife. Mr. Brama h con -1 ted, at considerable inconvenience to himself, to undertake the mission, and left for Rio by the mail of the 9th inst., armed with the amplest towers. In the meantime the promising state of th cal traffic must impress the Provincial Chamb •r of Pernam buco with the great importance of all those ques tions being taken up by that body, as affecting the commercial interests of the province in a greater degree than they affect those of the company. The line, the works, and rolling stock were in good con dition. Mr. Mann, the company's manager, con tinued to maintain his conviction that the traffic would this year yield a gross surplus of not less than £50,000, and that the want of sufficient rolling stock had become now a crying evil calling for im mediate redress. The clear net balance of revenue, after all deductions, for the year ending the Slat of December last, was £12,533, against £894 for the year preceding. In addition to the amount divisible out of the half-year's guarantee there was a suffi cient sum in hand, from the accumulations of the surplus of previous half-years, to warrant the direc tors in recommending for the past half-year a divi dend at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum. CAPE TOWN. The traffic receipts on this company's line, 63 miles in length, amounted for the month of Feb ruary last to £1,990 for passengers, and to £1,078 for goods ; total, £3,068. RAILWAY BILLS. yesterday before the referees of the House of Commons various railway bills were considered. In room B, the North British (Glasgow Branches) was to be reported, as was also the Mold and Den bigh Junction (Branches, &c.) The Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil Junction (Northern Lines) were postponed; the Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil Junc tion (Southern Lines) was unopposed ; the West Drayton and Staines was unopposed, as was also the Drayton Junction Extension. In group 1 of the Committee on Private Bills, the Metro politan (additional powers) was again proceeded with and adjourned. In group la, the London, Chatham, and Dover, and South-Eastern (Ken nington, Clapham, and Brixton) was again proceeded with and adjourned. The Croy don, Mitcham, and Kingston was postponed until Tuesday; the London and South-Western (additional powers) was adjourned until the 26th inst.; and the City, Kingston, and Richmond was to be considered on Tuesday. In group 5 the Bris tol and Portishead was referred to the general com mittee. In the Bristol Harbour Junction and Wharf Depot the clauses were gone through, and the Bris tol and North Somerset (Deviation) was proceeded with and adjourned. In group 7 appearances were taken in the Northampton and Banbury Junction ; the London, Worcester, and South Wales was ad- journed until this day ; the Ross and Tewkesbury was withdrawn; appearances were taken in the Teme Valley, and the case was adjourned; and the Thames and Severn Canal Navigation was proceeded with and adjourned. In group 13 the Lancashire and Yorkshire (West Riding Branches, &c.), the clauses were gone through; and the West Riding and Grimsby (Transfer) were proceeded with and adjourned. English Captives in Africa. A painful interest has lately been excited by the publication of narratives whichwarrant a belief that a number of Englishmen have been for more than 10 years past, and probably some of them still are, held as captives by the barbarous native tribes of Eastern Africa, whose cruelty and treachery were exemplified in the murder of the Belgian traveller, Baron Von der Decken, who a few months since met his death at the hands of the Somali tribe. The subject to which we have now to call the at tention of our readers is very painful, not only on account of the numerous sufferers themselves, bit' also by reason of the prolonged anxieties, uncer taixties, and suspense which have been endured by their relatives in this country. The facts are these : —ln June, 1855, a ship called the St. Abbs, while on a voyage from London to Bombay, struck on the island of San Juan de Nuova, off the eastern coast of Africa. In attempting to launch them all the boats ex eept onewere sw;mped. The remaining boat was taken by the captain and two of the crew, who landed on the island, where they were afterwards joined by one of the passengers, who swam ashore (another being drowned in the attempt), and by two others of the crew. The remainder of the crew. numbering with four young cadet passengers, 26 in all, continued on board the dismasted ship which, after, hanging on the reef for two days, disappeared iu the course of one night, and was reported by the survivors on the island to have broken up. It afterwards, how ever, became known that the hull of the St. ebbs had gone to pieces on the island of San Juan de Nuova, but had been swept off by the current and had drifted to the coast of Africa near Alagdesho where she was boarded.by the natives, who possessed themselves of everything on the wreck. A great many articles known to have been on board the St. Abbs were afterwards brought to Zanzibar and dis- posed of by the natives of lqagdesho. The St. Abbs was taking out Government stores, and among the articles brought for sale were light infantry bugles, cases of surgical instruments, &c., all containing the Government mark, also boxes of books, ivory billiard balls (the St. Abbs was taking out. several billiard tables), surveying instruments, officers' epaulettes, &c. As the wreck occurred at the sea son when vessels all go north from the coast of Africa, most of the articles recovered were conveyed to the Red Sea and Persian Gulf to be disposed of, and only those articles for which there was no sale in native markets were brought to Zanzibar to be disposed of among the European residents. No cause for doubting that those on board the vessel had perished with her was entertained until four years later, when reports reached Ceylon and the Mauri tius that a number of Englishmen were in captivity somewhere on the coast of Africa. Colonel Rigby, who was then consul at Zanzibar, instituted in- quiries, which convinced him that the hull of the St. Abbs had been driven ashore near Magdesho, and the persons on board had been captured by the :Abghal Somalis and carried into the in terior. Colonel Rigby learnt that a caravan of pilgrims to Mecca from Magdesho had seen seve ral white prisoners at one place, but upon arriving at Jeddah the pilgrims found that the British Con sul and all the Christians had been murdered, so that there was no means of forwarding intelligence to Europe, but they mentioned the circumstances to pilgrims from Ceylon and the Mauritius, through whom they were made known to the British autho rities. The Governor of the Mauritius issued a proclamation in various languages offering a reward of £lOO for each w hit e pr i soner who should be re stored, and a native of Magdesho, who had himself been on board th e wrec k e d s hi p, i ncited by the re ward, started for the interior, but was stopped and imprisoned at Lamoo. This circumstance is with great force urged by those interested in the subject a s strong evidence of the truth of the statement that white men were actually kept prisoners in the inte rior. From information obtained by Col. Rigby at Zanzibar there appears no doubt that the survivors of the St. Abbs were divided into two parties--one of which was taken a long distance into the interior, and the other, consisting of three persons, was kept by the Abghal tribe of Somalis, not far from Mag desho. Attention has recently been called to this subject from the cir: d u e ms o tan to ce zathantziababr, which had b hidead Magdesho brought from Ma b r i e v e e n d purchased the from interior, a l a i r a a s v a f n o Solis, u o n f d tom havea several English letters carved on it. The man who had pur chased the hide put it aside, and on his arrival at Zanzibar took it to Messrs. Oswald and Sons, who gave it to Col. Playfair, the British Consul. Ile further stated that he had seen other hides with let ters cut on th em. Th ose l etters were, no d ou bt, carved by one o f th e captives , perhaps in the faint hope of their meet i ng Rigby, who the eye of some European. Colonel r ecently ef r o e r ad th a e ve i r t y oy i a n i Geographical gp h a i p e e a r upon the subject h l e Society, states th at the part of Africa inhabited by these Somali tribes is very salubrious and fertile. The natives pos sess l arge herds of cattle and the hides are brought t o Z anzibar for sale. There is communication with this part of Africa from Zcvla and Berbera on the Gulf of Aden. The Oghaden caravan to the great annual fair at Berbera tra verses a great part of the country to the banks of THE SUN, LONDON, 1111311SDAY EVENING, APRIL 10, 1868. the great river called the Wabbe S'nalmli, which flows near Magdesho and Brava. Colonel Rigby suggests that the Resident at Aden might induce some of the Oghaden tribe of Somalis to rescue the captives, or at least to bring information as to where they are residing. Inquiries should also be made at Brava and Magdesho, and that trustworthy natives be sent into the country, who, in the cha racter of traders, might be enabled to obtain the much-desired information. The exertions of Colonel Rigby and Col. Play fair have resulted in the almost indubitable cer tainty that some at least of those who were on board the ill-fated vessel when she drifted from the reef reached the Somali country alive, and were de tained as prisoners by the natives. It becomes in teresting to know what has been done and what can be done to ascertain the fate of these unfortunate Englishmen, and to restore them, if still alive, to the relatives and friends who have for so many years been sorrowing for their loss. The local au thorities at Zanzibar and the Mauritius have made efforts which have procured some information, but not enough, and, above all, have not procured the liberation of the survivors. The slow but gradual accumulation of evidence has encouraged the rela tives of the St. Abbs' victims to urge upon the Go vernment to make some decided efforts. Sir R. Murchison has thrown his philanthropic zeal and scientific ardour into the cause. Several members of Parliament have urged upon the Foreign-office the necessity and the duty of exerting all the means at its disposal to terminate the sufferings and the sus pense which during so many years have been under gone by the captives in Africa and by their relatives at home. The result has hitherto not been encou raging, as no means have been taken to ascertain the fate or to procure the release of the unhappy pri soners. It is true that the Foreign-office did make some inquiries through its agents and through the East India-office, but Brigadier Coglan, the agent at Aden, wrote in May, 1862, that in his opinion it was highly probable that any of the persons on board the St. Abbs had lived to reach the shore. Against that opinion, however, there is the evidence of natives who had themselves seen and who had heard of white prisoners among the Somalis, and the statements made by different persons at different places, all tend ing to the same point. There is the evidence of articles having been seen in the possession of and received from natives, which articles are proved to have been on board the St. Abbs, and the hides marked with English characters which have recently come to light. From all these circumstances there appears no room to doubt but that some white men were, and probably are, held in captivity by the savage tribes of the eastern coast of Africa ; and whether those unhappy persons be or be not the survivors of the St. Abbs, it is equally a national duty to employ every effort to obtain their release, or to put an end to the prolonged suspense of their relatives in England. a lower point than it has before reached for three years. The good work is going on, and, surely, the day is not far distant when an American green back will be worth its face in gold.—Anglo-Ameri can Times. Naval and Military Intelligence. Yesterday Major-Gen. Sir R. Walpole, K.C.8., commanding the forces in the Chatham district, ac- companied by the officers of his staff, inspected the ;barter screw steamer Lady Jocelyn, which has been oak - en up by the Government for the conveyance of reinforeements for the various corps serving at Gibraltar and Malta; the total number of officers and troops conveyed to those stations being be tween 600 and 700 men of all ranks. During the day the following troops embarked at Government quay, Gravesend, on board the Lady Jocelyn, un der the superintendence of Brigade-Major W. Lynch and the officials connected with the Quartermaster's department at Chatham garrison :—For Malta— Lieut. Col. H. P. Yates, Lieut. M. F. H. Weans land, Lieut. F. 11. W. Milner, Lieut. H. H. Crook olden, 75 non-commissioned officers and men, and one woman, of the 3d Brigade Royal Artillery ; Lieut. Short, 2d battalion Bth King's Regt. ; Lieut. J. Tennyson, Lieut. W. R. Elliott, Ensign J. W. Bazalgette, Quartermaster W. H. Martin, one officer's wife and three children, one armoury-ser geant, one woman and five Children, of the 29th Regt. ; Staff-Surg. P. M. Jacks& ; Lieut. C. L. M. Kinivan, 84th Roe. ; and Chaplain the Rev. T. W. Burridge, M.A. For Gibraltar—Lieut. Wm. Naugle, Lieut. W. J. Franks, 89 non-commissioned officers and men, 8 women, and 9 children of the 2d battalion 16th Regt. ; Lieut. J. R. Watson, En sign S. B. Blyth, Ensign E. C. T. Stone, 51 men of all ranks, 3 women, and 8 children of the 2d batta lion 23d Royal Welsh Fusiliers ; Ensign C. Roberts, 42 men, 2 women, and 4 children of the 42d Royal Highlanders ; and L ieut. J. D. Brockman and wife 86th Regt. ; giving a total of 18 officers, 372 non commissioned officers and men, 3 officers' wives, 20 women, and 34 children. In addition to the above, 12 officers and 260 non-commissioned officers and men of various regiments will embark on board the Lady Jocelyn at Portsmouth. The embarkations were effected yesterday in a very expeditious man , ner, and the vessel will take her departure from the L Thames to-day. The Lady Jocelyn will bring home . the 38th company of the Royal Engineers and de . tachments of other corps. The B battery 4th Brigade Field Artillery, num bering five officers, seven sergeants, three buglers, and 152 rank and file, with 25 women and 42 children, together with the whole of the materiel of the battery, including six light 12-pounder Armstrong guns, 93 horses, ammunition wag gons, hospital carts, and other stores, have arrived at Chatham garrison from Woolwich, and have taken up quarters in the North-square, Brompton barracks. The battery was uncles the command of Col. N. 0. S. Turner, with Capt. the Hon. R. Dillon, and three subalterns. The Cameleon, 17, screw sloop, 952 tons, 200- horse power, Commander T. M. Jones, arrived in Sheerness harbour yesterday at noon, and saluted the flag of Vice-Admiral Sir Baldwin Walker,K.C.B., the newly-appointed Commander-in-Chief. The vessel will be shortly taken into dock and dismantled, after which she will be paid out of commission and placed in the third division of the Sheerness Steam Reserve. The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—Commander C. J. Balfour to the Winchester, vice Chapman, promoted ; Lieut. E. W. Hereford to the Britannia, additional, for service in the Dapper, tender. AMERICAN CURRENCY. Now that purely political matters in the United States have come to a dead lock, owing to the di- verse policies of different departments of the Go vernment, it is encouraging to find that Congress at Washington is disposed to give some attention to the finances of the country. There is no ques tion that the financial condition of the Republic is much more favourable than the most hopeful could have anticipated after the lapse of so brief a period from the close of the civil war. The revenues of the Government are considerably in excess of its cur rent expenditures, both gold and greenbacks are accumulating in its various depositories, and the real question now is, not how more money shall be taken from the pockets of the people, but how taxa tion shall be abridged and its burdens made less onerous to commerce and production. There is not, probably, a parallel instance re corded in history of a nation whose credit has re covered so rapidly from so low a point of depression as that of the United States. - In less than eighteen months the market value of its bonds has more than doubled in Europe, though it has gone on increas ing the supply during a large portion of the time. Its circulating medium has also appreciated in about the same proportion in the same time, notwith standing its acknowledged redundancy, and is still approximating a gold basis. With abundant means and resources, not only to pay the interest on, but to speedily liquidate the principal of, every dollar of its floating and funded debt, this improve ment in the financial situation must continue to progress till gold and American public securities stand side by side in all the markets of the world. So far as the bonds of the United States Govern ment are concerned, they will take care of them selves, and find their level upon a plane with the most solid investments known to capitalists. But the management of the currency is a separate ques tion, and as involving the interests of the commerce and industry of the country, requires very careful treatment. As a general principle, the less that is done in the way of legislation upon this subject the better it is for these great interests, which are always most prosperous when values are stable and there is no unnatural disturbance of the laws of trade. But in the present case, with the currency and commercial values fluctuating with every speculative movement in gold, legislation is proposed as a means of cor recting these disturbances, and establishing values upon a fixed base. Though the volume of currency is large, it is pos sible that, with the domestic political relations of the different States restored, and industry seeking its accustomed channels, the business of the coun try may grow up to it, and a return to specie pay ments become practicable. At present, with the heavy commercial and speculative demand for gold, this is clearly impossible ; and how long this state of things, involving continual suspense and hesita tion in all business enterprises, may continue, without legislative interference, it is equally impos sible to decide. There is, undoubtedly, a strong motive for keep ing the currency inflated and prices high among those who desire to speculate in stocks and commo dities, and who would likewise be willing to keep the business of the country unsettled till certain political ends are gained. On the other hand, many business men of large experience, including Secre tary M'CuLLocu and a majority of the Committee of Ways and Means, believe that the present volume of currency (amounting to some $900,000,000, is liable to still further expansion by the organisation of new national banks) is fatal to the best interests of American industry, by keeping its products at home while sending gold abroad, and enabling speculators to withhold these produc , tions even from home consumers. They claim tilt prices are too high, not only restricting produc. tion and consumption, but giving the foreign pro ducer an unfair advantage in all the markets of the world ; that they will not come down to the nomi nal standard till forced down by a vigorous con traction of the currency ; and that the sooner the bottom of the market is reached the better it will be for all concerned. This radical diversity of opinion has been deve loped in the discussion and action which have taken place in Congress on what is known as the Loan Bill. In this bill, the Secretary of the Treasury, who moulded its principal features, sought to obtain a large discretionaay power for the purpose of funding the superfluous currency, and thereby inaugurating low prices and specie payments at an early date. His opponents declared that no such power should be granted ; that its exercise at the present time would be ruinous to property holders and manufacturers, who have already hard work to prop up the market iu the decline in gold ; and in sist that there should be no contraction or retire ment of Treasury issues, excepting the debt certi ficates and interest bearing notes, leaving the $450,000,000 pure and simple legal tenders intact. A member from Pennsylvania even went so far in his opposition as to introduce a substitute pro viding that gold should not be sold by the Govern ment at less than 130. But Mr. M'CuLLoCii'S Loan Bill has passed the Lower House of Congress, and in spite of the almost frantic speculators, gold continues to de cline, or, to put the case more intelligibly, Govern ment promises to pay continue to appreciate in value. Gold in New York has been down to 125, Anthropological Society. At the meeting of this society on Tuesday evening—Dr. Hunt, the president, in the chair—a paper was read by Mr. Bollaert on "'The Anthropology of theNewWorld." After referring to the opinions entertained respecting the peopling of America before it was discovered by Columbus, and pointing out the relations between the ,inhabitants of the Old and New Worlds, Mr. Bollaert took an elaborate survey of the various races inhabiting the American conti nent, commencing with the Esquimaux and the posses sions of Russia, and proceeding southwards to Mexico and Peru. Lithe resume of these considerations he observedthat as we find nearly the same general arrangement of rocks in the New World as in the Old, it is natural to conclude that the continent of America bears an equally ancient date, and has gone through analogous changes. The Old World, how ever, has its' greatest length from east to west, the New, north and south, and the great mountain ranges also take opposite directions. The fossil remains have great pecu liarities ; and the vegetable and animal creations of America have very marked differences when compared with similar creations in otherportions of the globe. Plants and animals, it is generally considered, were created antecedently to man, and when we examine the distribution of humanity in the New World, and compare it with what is met with else where, we discover differences of such a character as to give the idea that the red or copper-coloured man of America came from other than one pair. He estimated the native population of America, at the period of its discovery, at 100,000,000 ; at present there may be from 10 to 11,000,000. They are said to have 480 languages and more than 2,000 dialects ; but all the languages of America are peculiar to it. On comparing the Indians of America with the other great species of men in the Old World, he came to the con clusion that there are not any remnants of a brown or Asiatic race in America, nor any other remains than those of the New-World man. Mr. Bollaert said that having some years since collected and examined materials con cerning the history of America, particularly as to the ar chitecture of ancient Mexico, Central America, New Gra nada, and Peru, the languages spoken there, the arts, and science, ho first came to the conclusion that in those re gions each nation showed a civilisation of its own, and that other localities in there lands suppOrted tribes, and even nations, as mere hunters in the wilder ness. This shadowed forth to him that the red man of the New World was rather a distinct species, or creation, when compared with the white man of Europe, the brown of India, the black of Africa, and other groups of men. The native of the New World, if investigated, physically, mentally, and morally, is found to be governed by special laws. Ho has his own climate,•his own aliment ; his own diseases, which he knows how to alleviate and cure ; but let him contract any of the European maladies, the majority (especially small-pox) aro fatal to him, even to the annihilation of whole nations. If we examine him by crania and its contents, wo find, at least in the confor mation of the brain as compared to the European, a marked difference. In the American Indian the anterior lobe is small, and in the European it is large in proportion to the middle lobe. Differences are also observed in the osteolo gical and physical characteristics 'when compared with the white man. Looking also to their relative intellectual capacities in the New World, in regard to religion, language, numbers, pictorial writing, and even the invention of a hieroglyphic alphabet, also to the architectural, we find these peculiar to each of the several great nations, as also in their computation of time, and the invention of their various calendars and zodiacs. It appeared to him, in deed, that what we commonly called the semi-civilisation of the people of America should rather be denominated their own civilisation. Mr. Bollaert calculated by observ ing that the result of his inquiries led him to abandon the monogenistic view and to adopt the hypothesis of separate creations. The Rev. Dunbar Heath, Mr. Mackenzie, and Mr. Carter Blake took part in the discussion of the paper, in which the latter combated the notion that tho animals of America are of smaller size than those of the Old World ; with re spect to the insect creation especially, that was remarkably he contrary. The meeting then adjourned. [ADVERTISEsiENT.]--Du Barry's delicious and health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which contains three times the nourishment of the best meat, saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, restores perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, refreshing sleep, func tional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or en feebled, removing speedily and effectually indigestion (dys pepsia), habitual constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, liver compLiats, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neu ralgia, irritatAlity, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, heart burn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickness, sinking fits, coughs, asthma, bronchitis, inci pient consumption, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach, between the shoulders, &c. Certi ficate No. 29,410. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ure, ; Dr Harvey; Dr Wurzer ; Dr Sliorland ; Dr Campbell. We quote a few out of the 62.0 0 cures : —Cure No. 57,314. Tittenson - I cannot express my gratitude for the benefit I have derived from Du Barry's food. My ap petite is perfectly restored, the pains in my leg, back, and chest are quite gone, and I am fast gaining strength and flesh. Mrs A. Owen.—Cure No. 54,812. Miss Virginia Zeguers, cured of consumption, after her medical advisers abandoned all hopes of recovery. - Cure No. 49,532. Of fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, n.d vomiting. Maria doly, Northam, Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of NazingVicarage,Waltham Cross, Herts. of extreme nervous ness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. In tins, lib, 25 9d; 21b, 4s 6d; 51b, lls ; 121 b, 225; 241 b. OlL—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Itegent-street, London; also Phillips, lea dealers, 8, King William-street ; likewise at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand ; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 103, Tottenham-court - road ; 96, Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; Close Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's-wood, Loudon ; and all respectable grocers and clic wlstil.—Beware of spurious imitations. John Stuart Mill on American Protection. The following letter has been forwarded by the London correspondent of the Chicago Tribune for publication in that journal :-- " Black - heath Park, Kent, Feb. 26, 1866. " Dear Sir,—l have to acknowledge a letter from you dated Feb. 15th, asking me to explain a pas sage of my " Principles of Political Economy," in which I express the opinion that a protecting duty for a limited space of time may be defensible in a new country, as a means of neutralizing a branch of industry in itself suited to the country, but which would be unable to establish itself there without some form of temporary assistance from the State. This passage you say has been made use of by American Protectionists as the testimony of an English writer on political economy to the inapplicability to America of the general principle of free trade. The passage has been used for a similar purpose in the Australian colonies, erroneously in my opinion, but certainly with more plausibility than can be the case in the United States; for Australia really is a new country whose capabilities for carrying on manufac tures cannot yet be said to have been tested ; but the manufacturing parts of the United States, New England, and Pennsylvania, are no longer new countries ; they have carried on manufactures on a large scale, and with the benefit of high protecting duties, for at least two generations ; their operatives have had full time to acquire the manufacturing skill in which those of England had preceded them; there has been ample experience to prove that the alleged inability of their manufacturers to compete in the American market with those of Great Britain does not arise merely from the more recent date of their establishment, but from the fact that American la bour and capital can, in the present circumstances of America, be employed with greater return and greater advantage to the national wealth in the pro duction of other articles. I have never for a mo ment recommended or countenanced any protecting duty except for the purpose of enabling the pro tected branch of industry, in a very moderate time, to become independent of protection. That mode rate time in the United States has been exceeded, and if the cotton and iron of America still need pro tection against those of the other hemisphere, it is in my eyes a complete proof that they ought not to have it, and that the longer it is continued the greater the injustice and the waste of national re sources will be. " I confine myself, on the present occasion, to the one special point which you have referred to me ; and do not enter into the fallacies of Protectionism generally, or of American Protectionists in particu lar. But since you pay me the compliment of think ing that what is said in my " Principles of Political Economy" is read and listened to by some Ameri cans, I beg to recommend to your notice the further explanations which I have added to the passage quoted by you in the last published (the People's) edition of that work. I have directed the publisher to send you a copy, and if the important journal with which you are connected is pleased to attach any value to my opinion on the subject, that opinion will be found much more completely stated, with additional replies to Protectionist arguments, in pp. 556 to 558 of the People's edition. —I am, dear sir, yours faithfully, " J. S. MILL." Henry Ward Beecher on the Admission o . the South. Henry Ward Beecher, in his oration, delivered a, Brooklyn, makes use of the following language in reference to the admission of the Sou th : " You are going to keep them out until you are certain that it would be best to let them in. It is impossible to give a certainty. What are the things you want guarantees about? Secession, rebellion, the condi tion of the freedmen. What ! a guarantee of seces sion? We want a guarantee that the South are willing to give it up. How long would you take before you would consider that experiment as settled—five years. Would that cure them ? Now the South is just in the condition of a man who has gone into Court with a contested title. He be lieves that he is the owner of that estate, and the other parties believe they are the owners of it. All his life is in the conflict. It is decided against him in the lower Court, and he carries it to the Court of last resort, and argues it. The Judges decide it against him finally ; and what does good citizenship require? Does it require that he should say, " Mr. Judge, I am perfectly satisfied that I did not own this property." Do you require him to change his opinion ? Is more required of him than this, that he says, "I shall, as a good citizen, obey the laws ; I do not think it was right, but it was decided against me and I shall obey ?" Is not that all you would require of contestants in a court ? And now the South believed in secession. The works of Calhoun were taught in their colleges, and the young men were taught, as you were taught, the contrary doctrine, to believe that States rights was the true political doctrine. Many of them assert -the right to secede from this Government, from the compact and confederation of States ; they believed it. What has the war done ? The war has settled the fact, whether they believe it or not, that it shan't be. The fact is settled, it shan't, and all that you can ask the South is, will you give up the fact and say so ? Will you give up the fact, though you still believe the doctrine ! Are you going to keep them out till they don't believe the doctrine ? The question is settled when they say, "We have re ferred this question to the court and arbitration of war, and war has declared against us, and we accept the verdict—we bow to it." Can you in honour ask anything more than that ? " But then we want guarantees against rebellion." Four parts out of five of the total property of the South have been destroyed by war, and is not that guarantee that they won't fight again very soon ? The popu lation of the South has been more than decimated —doubly decimated. There is mourning there of which we have no record or knowledge here. What village has been blotted out in the North ? Hundreds have been there. What cities depopu lated here? Many, many there. Whole families extinguished and lineage blotted out. There were no bells rung and no trumpets sounded on the re turn of the shattered remnants of armies; and now do you want a guarantee that this depopulated and destroyed South will not attempt to organise a war again?" tat The Brussels journals contain an account of a grand ball given there at Wauxhall, last week, under the patronage of Lady Howard de Walden and other ladies, for the belie& of the necessitous English resident in that capital. RAILWAY ACCIDENT AT PARKSlDE.—Yesterday afternoon it serious accident occurred at Parkside, near Newton Bridge, to the express train leaving Liverpool at 2 23. As the train approached the Parkside junction a luggage train came out of ono of the junction sidings to go upon the main lino of the principal way. The engine of the passenger train struck the goods engine, and both wore seriously damaged. A second-class passenger car riage and a brake-van were thrown on their sides, and the vanbeforea rro v it escape.pset. passengers of the se con d- c l as s carriage exp erienced a very n and the driver and fire man o f the luggage train j um p ed off their respective engine s w h e n they saw th at an accident was imminent ; the fireman of the The T driver ofhe brakesman ju m p ed out of the p astsheengpearssteranignerdidtrnaiont do so, but he nevertheless escaped injury. Though several of the passengers were shaken, none was severely hurt, and the only person who sustained injuries of any consequence was the driver of the Liverpool express, who slightly hurt himself in jumping from the engino. Assist ance had to be obtained from various stations along the line in order to clear the railway of luggage and debris, and this process occupied a couple of hours. rADVEItTISEMENT.I-11olloway's Ointment and Pills. — Important to Everybody. —For more than thirty years these remedies have been ranked before all curative agents, for the all-sufficient reason that they nev er can be wrongly used in either extern a l or i n t erna l diseases. Holloway's ointment should be well rubbed on the throat and chest in sore throat, enlarged glands, c h ron i c cough, and whee zin g s. In common catarrh and influenza the ointment well rubbed upon the walls of the chest, aided by a few doses of the pills, soon effects a cure. The same treatment, judiciously followed up, removes diphtheria, a sthma, bronchitis, pleurisy, and prevents the deep irfilammation_, resulting in abscess or ulceration, so apt to ensue when throat or chest complaints are neglected, SPIRIT OP TIM PUBLIC, JOURNALS. TIMES.—An industrious gentleman, with a greater taste for such inquiries and more belief in their results, than is possessed by the world at large, has been at the pains to work out Mr. Gladstone's Electoral Statistics ; and another gentleman has been so good as to call our attention to them in a brief summary. We will frankly say that we are apt to regard any attempt to get really useful princi ples of action out of these figures much as the schemes of the philosophers in Laputa for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers. The circumstances of time and place are al ways so much more important than the figures, that unless we take the former into account the latter are almost worthless. But when so much labour has been lavished and thrown at our feet —most honestly for anything we can see—we cannot but use it to the best of our ability. So what do the figures mean ? As it happens they are left to speak for themselves. Seemingly very little use has been made of the Electoral Statistics in the debate hither to ; and it locks as if the speakers, on both sides, bad ransacked them in vain. Our correspondent concludes, not unnaturally, that the working of tho bill is to be seen, if anywhere, in those cities and boroughs in which it will make the greatest difference, by altering the proportion of the working classes to the whole constituency. He has therefore excluded for this reason, as also for brevity, the cities and boroughs in which there is already a very large proportion of the working men, and in which this bill will only snake that proportion a little more. He ex cludes, for example, two such constituencies as Coventry and Northampton. These are already in the hands . of working men, as far as their numbers will do this for them. He has therefore selected from the Tables in Mr. Baxter's Appendix forty cities and boroughs in which the bill will work with concentrated force, doing its best or its worst, as people may hope or may fear. This is the line between wind and water in which shots will tell with decisive effect. Of the other cities and boroughs many are already democratic ; many safe to the Conservatives even under the operation of this bill ; but these forty boroughs are so much border land, in which the warfare will be worst and the result most positive. We take the list as it stands, and our readers will see that we have no other wish, and, indeed, can have no other wish, than to show the immediate working of the bill, if any, in its most di rect range. We repeat that we take the figures before us, with neither the wish, nor at present the power, to question them. At Salford the proportion of working men will be doubled, and they will become a clear majority. The town returns Mr. Cheetham, and will probably con tinue to return Mr. Cheetham. As its population is more than 100,000, it ought to have another seat, and in that case will probably return two Mr. Cheethams. Wolver hampton will more than double its proportion of working men. It now returns Mr. C. Villiers and Mr. Weguelin, who will vote for the bill in the confident belief that they will not be disturbed. At Oldham the proportion will be more than quadrupled ; but as Messrs. Hibbert and Platt go a good way already, and are prepared to go further, we should doubt whether they will give way to Messrs. Cob bett and Spinks. At Walsall the proportion will be nearly quadrupled, but the working men will not improve on Mr. Forster. At Derby the proportion will be more than doubled, but Mr. Bass will have no occasion to tremble for his seat, nor, indeed, Mr. Cox if he shows himself decently amenable. Unless Portsmouth is exceptionally affected by the disqualification of dockyard labourers, its pro portila will be more than doubled, but it returns two Liberals, and will not do more. At Stoke-upon-Trent the proportion will be more than doubled, and Mr. Beresford Hope will have the opportunity of ascer taining whether artisans are a better class than shopkeepers. He will be able to snake the ex periment under favourable conditions, and we are in clined to think with success, but Mr. Grenfell must feel quite sure of his seat. At Peterborough the proportion will be more than doubled, but as Lord Fitzwilliam is the genius loci and Messrs. Whalley and Hankey go about as far as men can do, there will be no change. There is a mystery about the politics of Preston. It is, we believe, the most Irish and the most Roman Catholic town in this island. Its proportion of working men will be more than doubled ; but as it returned two Conservatives at the last election, it is quite possible that Lord Derby's friends will see their way again to a like result. At Rye the propor tion will be more than quadrupled, we presume, by the addition of agricultural labourers. In that case Mr. Mac kinnon, a moderate Liberal may have to describe himself as a moderate Conservative. At Dudley the proportion will be trebled, but that will make no difference to Mr. Sheridan. At Birmingham the proportion will be nearly trebled. It will continue to return Messrs. Bright and Scholefield, and, in the event of a redistribution of seats, will return two men as like them as can be found ; while the same may be said of Sheffield, where the proportion will be more than double and where Messrs. Roebuck and Hadfield must be tolerably safe from Franchise Bills. At Bolton also, the proportion will be more than doubled. Mr. Barnes must be safe enough ; Mr. Gray may have to give way to somebody more decided and explicit. At Ash burton the proportion - will be trebled, and we should like to see the additional constituents march through Coventry, if they ever heard of that place. However, they will do their duty to the new lord, and return Mr. Jardine again At Manchester the preportion, now large, will be nearly doubled. It will re-elect Mr. Bazley, and, perhaps, a closer pair than Mr. E. James. As the population is going on for 400,000, it will probably find room for the two candidates who did not get in at the last election. At South Shields the proportion will be more than doubled, but they will not quarrel with Mr. Ingham, or he with them. At Wigan the proportion will bo more than doubled, and Mr. Eckersley may find himself in difficulties. At Cam bridge the proportion will be nearly doubled. It returned two " Liberal Conservatives," one of whom has been un seated, and it may possibly change them for Liberals of a less mixed quality. Ashton-under-Lyne will more than double its proportion, but it will rest and be thankful for Mr. Milner Gibson. Bury will more than double its pro portion, but it cannot do more than prefer Mr. Philips to Mr. F. Peel. Thus far, on the authority of these statistics, and the interpretation before us, the total proportion of working men, after the addition by this bill, will bo 50 per cent. or more. Below this point, it will be between 40 and 50. But it is the addition we are concerned with now —that is, the estimated increase of proportion. At Black burn the proportion will be more than doubled ; and in that case Mr. Hornby and Mr. Feilden may have to give way to Messrs. Pilkiugton and Potter. At Sunderland the proportion will,be more than trebled, but that can matter little to Messrs. Candlish and Hartley. At W a rriiagton the proportion will bo more than doubled, but that.nttoerwenateevh"- dently consults its industrial and commercial will have the y returning Mr. Greenall, and its now voters will quadruple same reasons as the old ones. Gate o , f n c ,r c O, o e l e ab e rsyit do o s uperotpaoereteipotn, sbiurtltvh.eunnetweevoetxeprisattlsnlh.neaolibaeeemleeanfieilfdtwheivll o iev d r re k i t s y. i t n r o g i l c t i tn Ms increase fiel d t a self-protectivei sproportion fivefold,and semi-Conservative. In t b 4. l; but the n seTr, p v,h o awe v t Ra a d rth ica e l n s a w re ill h than more s ilke silken o c u h b a l i e n s its Car marthen into the lanes and by-ways, but that will not affect Mr. Morris. Abingdon will do the same without danger to Col. C. H. Lindsay. Salisbury will more than quadruple its proportion, and how it may then stand with its two returned Australians we know not; but they need not despair. Yarmouth will more than double its proportion, but the friends of Messrs. Lacon and Goodson will be equal to the occasion. At Hull the proportion will bo more than doubled, but that will only obtain more supporters for Messrs. Clay and Norwood. Newcastle-on-Tyne will nearly double its proportion, with the same pleasant results to Messrs. Cowen and Headlam. Wycombe, which seems oddly interpolated in such a list, will more than double its proportion by the addition of labourers, we should think ; and in that case may return two Conservatives, instead of Messrs. Mills and Carington. Swansea will not quite double its proportion, but Mr. Dillwyn will be secure. Stockport will increase its proportion fivefold, but it will not seek bettermen than Messrs.Watkin and Smith. War wick will nearly double its proportion, and perhaps, in spite of its noble patron, it may return two Liberals in stead of one. Carlisle will nearly double its proportion, and though Mr. E. Potter will have no reason to fear, Mr. Hodgson may have to look about him. Whitehaven will just double its proportion, by the addition possibly of as many friends of the Conservative Mr. Bentinck. The dis trict of Carnarvon will more than double its proportion of, we should think, rural working men, who will not find a better adviser than the Liberal Colonel Pennant. The last in the forty is Horsham, which will double its proportion of rural industrials, and possibly exchange a Liberal for a Conservative. We have stated all these cases, and the operation of the bill upon them, with the utmost simplicity and left ourselves little room for comment. The first thing that strikes us—and it is the only remark we can now make—is that the grand pretence of a special representation for the working men wholly disappears. In all these cases much the same sort of men will be returned as at present ; and if, in a very few cases, the working men do put their heads together, taking the lead from some cen tral organisation, and elect representatives of their own, in more cases will it be found that the now and poorer voters are employed to neutralise the votes of the shop keepers and better artisans. But the real phenomenon that will strike both sides of the controversy will be the very little effect which a reduced borough franchise will have, even in the extreme cases, as selected and arranged in the list before us. But is the probability of little actual effect one way or another a reason for a bill ? It certainly is not. We cannot help seeing in the advocacy of the bill the signs of a bad animus against the middle class, against shopkeepers, against oven the artisans of the more domestic, quiet, humdrum class. There is a craving for electoral units of a more natural, less sophisticated quality. Re joiced, indeed, should we be if they would show them selves even in the depths of our overgrown pities ; but we fear that man is much the same everywhere, and that a deficiency or absolute want of respectable appearances can nowhere be relied on as a proof of wisdom and virtue. This, as we have often had to observe, is a comparative question ; and a question, moreover, in which there is always a good deal to be said on both sides. As a matter of cost and comfort most Parliamentary gentlemep with a varied experience would rather have the poorest labourers even to the very dregs of the "freemen" class, for their constituents, than a set of self-important tradesmen and ambitious professionals. A constituency of the former ingredients can be managed by the ordinary agency, the usual hospitalities, and a little interchange of personal kindness. A more respe'ctable constituency secures for the successful candidate not only a larger expenditure in the first instance, but also continual applications for places sa d other favours supposed to be easy to a member of Parlia ment. That, however, is only an M.P.'s point of vie w ' and it is one which is quite independent of politicalparties. As we have said above, we do not th ink the bill serionsfY threatens the political balance in the 40 cities and boroughs we have quoted ; but we also do not think it will preVe conducive to electoral purity and dignit DAILY NEWS.Tke scattered familyy. over which Jr.h Cardwell so conscientiously presid es is giving, him m uc trouble, and threatens to givehim more. New Zealand, t he maritime provinces of British North America, and more recently Victoria, have proved wayward and untractahle, and have provoked from the Colonial Secretary of Staile ta the Language of warning and expostu lation, and now, while the fruits of his teaching are as yet t hin g s to be hopef th° d for rather than admired, a colony in another part ° on world is deviating from the straight and narrow patb, the pleasantness and safety of wh Mr. Cardwell so loves ich to descant. The Governor and House o f Assembly of Yaw; la couver's Island are at loggerheads, an d the public affairs?' that colony at a dead lock. The,caus e of the difficulty real, not sentimental. The Governme nt of the colony hae been spending more than it receives, and is accordingli involved in difficulties. Its official staff wa s organised net ni ‘ a sanguine spirit of magnificence which the event has justified. Those who fixed the colonial establishment, in stead of asking themselves, as the founders of young ciani munities should always do, what service was pear to have considered simply what amount of eels° the taxpayers would tolerate. At first the people w ere satisfied with the scale of their outgoings, even Lf they were not proud of it, and if the population and revenue °A the colony had continued to increase, no complaints of have been heard on this score. But of late the number g inhabitants has been decreasing, while expend itur- .; i nee augmented, and the finances of the colony have fallen 7. t ._ a very unsatisfactory state. Under these cireunastan7, the Government felt it necessary to enters ire wanted, a.p; policy of retrenchment. But instead of dinna': useless officers, it cut down the estimates aPP,„—; printed for roads, surveys, education, and other rd,a7l4 objects, and this at the very time when salaries were being raised and new offices created. tion accordingly became more oppressive , more people ' le :, business grew worse, and the evils whic h called forth the first complaints were intensified. The Assembly Wile not satisfied with the method of economy practise d by the vernor, and instituted one of its own. It took them i`i terial estimates in hand, and struck out the sums destine, to pay the salaries of those officials whose s ervices it cod ; sidered superfluous, reducing also those o f the retnail3.i.ety to amounts corresponding to their usefulness and the strong sof the colony. These, it must be confessed, were t ie measures, and Governor Kennedy lost n o time in ddr,e;;;. ing a letter to the House, decidedly b laming its s°oBo The Assembly, he said, ought not t o abolish Pied it without making compensation to their incumbent* the old was bound to pay the full salaries acco rding to the or scale of the officials whom it retained. * The G e n o ril ly does not appear to have denied the right o f the Xeril:be to reduce the supplies, though he strongly reprobal v ote' idea of providing for official salaries by an a nnu- the But this was not the only point of difference betWe ° via Governor and the House. The latter, beside cutting•dew expenditure in one direction, enlarged in in a nothe r i n dr following way : it gained 69,000 dollars by its retreli ond ments, and this sum, together with 8,000 dollars oVer pro . above the gross amount of the original estimates, it 9 0 1 : 4 0, plated for public works. The Governor, in his 1 100 1 treats the whole amount of 77,000 dollars as an a n f Are to the estimates, and remarks :—" Th e Ilouse ‘'" ori sembly usurps the functions of the executive h i and ginating and increasing items of public expend iture , and creating new offices. I cannot too distinctlY Tbe decidedly express my dissent frOm this acour for eatis . power of both initiating and voting supplie ,o any ies and services cannot with safet be conceded op single branch of the existing le is lature of this e ni° ode r Such a concession on my part would be a virtual Or r ! tor of all that it is my duty to guard. Such a c ourse Ar l9 io known to the constitution of Great Britain, lea violation of those important constitutional Prille"P-- the quiring a strict separation of the legislative frail _ is ji iO a bly executive functions." G overno r is unq ueot right in resisting the p re t ens ions of the Assainbg a e en , initiate public expenditure. Wherever this right boa successfully asserted constitutional government ha y be e ruined. Nothing more contributed to make the lea!' i Dis of Assembly in Jamaica a nuisance than its practica lusted respect. It is an essential part of the constitutional sY tli that every grant of money shall be recommended 110 Crown before it is voted. Were it not so, there vrtlenot no real and individual responsibility for themenefcoor of the public`finances, and members of the }louse ° for mons would bo encouraged to push for ward gra% OS objects interesting to themselves and t o their coo : b0f w ithout much regard to the amount or urgency o",:ift demands upon the national purse. The Assembly eLti° . 5 00 couver's Island, however, knowing that its o,pprOPri7tllo are more for the interest of the colony tha n those (4100. Governor, mixes up unconstitutional pretensions witbcoge timato claims. On the receipt of the Governors al it passed resolutions, among other things, refusinqd, pensation to the officials whose salaries had been abo lish ed' and asserting its right to originate and increase al-bip grants. In the neighbouring colony of British C°l Ives fish which, besides supporting Government eats upon a sumptuous scale, has just raised seeslarl,oo,l f to ito Governor from £3.000 to £4,000, extravaghas : ho st if tb financial difficulties. It would really seem as thing the people of Vancouver's Island could do l c° ,o join British Columbia. COUNTRY MARKETS• GAINSBOROIIGII—TuxsDAY• liea slily Our Corn Exchange to-day was thinly OPP I, I°4 wheat. The full rates of last week were exceeded - t Y . PI white making from 51s to 535; and mixed front 43e. ° ,, i 11 0 per qr. Barley dull and dear. Other descrirti° before. TIUL L.—TUESDAY. ii s/1 Since our last more business has been done in r qr. wheat, at an adranco in this district of fully is 1 1:0; In foreign there have not been many transaction`' lope day there was a largo supp l y of En g lish wheat, wil l° o at a fair sale at is advance. Barley scarce, and dear i tt ioS' the same. Beans and p eas unaltered . The ciu°"- are as follows : • to 4 6g. English old white wheat, 48s to 52s ; old red, 42s Og' Barley, English, 37s to 425. Oats, Russian, 245 t° 40. 4 Beaus, now English, 43s to 445. Peas, English I ) l°° ' to 41s Od ; grinding, 40s to 41s Od per 36 stone. S ALISBURY.—TuEswor. inG o We had a short supply of wheat on offer, PO'. de3,,i inferior quality ; but late rates were is per.q t d roe; Barley was in much smaller show, and maintaien betio.;!, figures. A moderate business was done in c' tu ti ° ' r 5 11 FlO and peas, generally at last week's figures. frOW inquiry. , T alis e 4 04 The following are the quotations :—Wheat rio 38s to 525; barley, 35s to 445; oats, 22s to 320,! c0 ' 6 , to o. to 52s ; and peas, 42s to 50s per qr. Tares, ', t oo, 6d per bushel ; Best bread, 13d ; househola per 81b loaf. Flour, 34s to 38s per sack. moNmouTllsumn—TvEsDAY. , a t r , 331 The following are the average quotations: to bo., a , 5s Od to Os 6d per bushel ; inferior ditto 4s 9d ; 3 0; white, 5s 9d to 68 ; Malting barley, 36s t 0 ,4 38 Por;i 6 d to ing ditto, 27s to 325; beans, 44$ ; white oats, 2 1 .' black ditto, 23s 6d to 24a 6d. A fair attendancoLYtolC-disTa-T,TZSD:t. a small t Tise o s w : h 4ss e t a too t. s236s T s he prices rea:ised were the same as last vi f t o sb c ' slr 1 0 malting, 37s B h 7 e s at, to 42 4 s sod, t ts o 46s ; new red, 410 to 44s ; var i o i 11, 60. ; ;e i r d 24 re small, 43s to 36s to 40s per 28 stone. 04;n8ess.ectO)Bned5aalilyss:1363r3:6tost°3115es.. O'lls'rijeett-i t NEWCASTLE--TuEst itl ' F o of sc i P o'is At to-day's market there was a moderato WIP*" d I r- 0 ise v a DV from the growers, but a good arrival coastsv , 10 $9, 0 .. abroad. The trade ruled firm, with a fair bui" r V hoes En . 1 s p e r o vt English and foreign bringing an advance 0 , %,,,,,,,I1 0 A ,.0 ter over the rates of last week. Barley was.,n7was ~e c l: and had a moderate sale, at late prices. •D'-'"" g•liaos At u n.. 44 r Beans were at rather more money. Peas quo Oats moved off at fully late rates, but a br oil 4 „s-0 market. w ee lc The average average prices of British grain for the pet gr. been—wheat, 45s 4d ; oats, Os Od; barley, 89° Births. VO X ' DREW—On the 1 7 th inst ., at Plaistow, West 0 031 ' i , the wife of Richard Dre w, Es q ., of a daughter. frelp. E VANS —On the 17th inst. , at 3, Tayistock-pls e lf • S ° o s tock-square, the wife of Anthon y Evans, Egl't ~,,tdettt: WALKER—On the 17th inst., at 23, Brunswte sr ic ipr" Kensington, the wife of Charles Walker, law, of a daughter. Marriages. Att 'O, t. lIINGESTON —BRETON—OR the 17th inst. , g at "" o o B ryans t on -square, Wm. Hingeston, Esq., of Lr a mia , t,, , to Lucy, second daughter of Philip H. Le 13re ,:,* 1 ate r of Hampstead, and of the Inner Temple, I"3—. nitY law. Trl-do, HOUSEMAN—DOWNES—On the 17th inst., at 11°/1 o f ii' Gloucester -crescent, - R p : r v k . , J t o o h E n d l it o . usev" : ldO r ter of the Rev. John Downes, late of el We st sor t 'Dote 1 amptonshire. ELLESMERE—On james,s, Deaths. lotto t liarriet t , h c e 0 1 u 7 n th te i s n s s ( t D ., oaltvßagriedogeovrf atenestaerer,orr. RA l T an n e, Ll C F r r o — yd O o n n, tGheeorlg7ethitainttsctii.. ffa7tEhsciis.,raesesiddet,r6,o.7 25,000.4 STEWART—On the 16th inst , at Paris, John JJ. - Esq., late of Hackerton, Fo . rfar. e t I f ist 3 ff TYSER—On the 16th inst., at 9, Gloucester-9111-o' 0 park,_ the residence of Sir T. Parkyns, Dart., s-••• , rhe ar e6 Esq., aged 53. UNDERHILL—On the 15th inst. at his residence, ;e 91. cent, Wolverhampton Joseph Underhill Beg ..... v ' " 0 6' __ -•— - ---- .10 OP London : Printed and Published by WILLIAS --- p 10. . -, o f of No. 112, Strand, Printer , at Tito Sus 0 8 ..,.111°:boulsw Strand, in the Precinct of th e Savoy .111 Middlesex,-Thursday, April 19,180. F