The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-25 00:00:00

,'THEATRE-ROYAL, E-R 0 Y AL, DRURY-LANE, Managers. Messrs. E. Falconer and F. 13. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, Shakelpere's Play of HENRY HTE EIGHTH, terminating with the fall of Wolsey. Messrs. Phelps, Walter Lacy ; Miss Atklnson. After which, on a scale of great s plendour, Milton's Mask of COMUS : Messrs. Walte r Lacy, NV ilbye Cooper , Henri Drayton, Miss Poole, Miss Augusta Thomson, and Mrs. H. Tezin. H EATR E-R OYA L , HAYMARKET. T Lessee. Mr. Buckstone. THIS EVENING the performance will commence with THREE WEEK'S AFTER MA KRIAGE. Mr. Chippen dale, Mr.W. Farren, Mr. Gordon, &c.; Mesdames Frzwilliam, Snowdon, &c. After which, THE WOMAN IN MAUVE. Messts Sothern, Compton , Howe, Farren, Braid, &c ; Mesdamve Stuart, Lovell, Buckstone, &c. Followed by LORD DUNDREARY MARRIED AND DONE FOR Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. And FAMILY JARS. Mr. Compton, &3. To commence at 7. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.- ~,,, ritwei.tor and llittLlS44'ol'. 31 IV eUnir r. THIS EVE \'ING (by d sire\ MASKS AND FACES ; or, Before and Behind the Curtain. Mr. lienjamin Webster, Messrs. Paul Bedford, Biilington, Ashley, Stuart, C. Smith, Mrs. Stirling, Miss H. Simm , . and Mrs. Billing - ,ton. Atter wnich, 13th time, a new Extravaganza, entitled PAN ; or, The Loves of Echo and Narcissus. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, O. J. Smith, It. isomer, Miss Woolgar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Lillian Bruce, and Miss A. Seam .n. To conclude with THE STEEPLECHASE; or, In the Pigskin. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford ; Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. leechter. THIS EVENING, A DAY AFrEa THE WEDDING. Messrs. C. Horsman, Collett, M'lntyre, ; Mesdames C. Borsman and G. Leigh. After which, at halt-past Eight, THE MOUNTEBANK. Belphegor (the Mountebank), Mr. Fechter ; Paul (his s_n.,, Mater Fechter ; supported by Messrs. Widdicomb, Ryder, S. Emery, Fitzpatrick, E. Garden, C. Horsman, Raymond, Moreland; Miss C. Leclercq, Mdlle. Beatrice, and Mrs. C. Boreman. To conclude with THE LOST CHILD. Mr. IViddicomb. Doors open at Half-past Six. The Box-office open daily from Eleven till Five. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. THIS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher, entitled HEAILT-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS. Atter which, ARKAII NA POGUE Mesirs. Dion Bonet -1.5.1+ T. Krougham 11. VilTifiPnhoff. I). Fisher. D. Murrav: Mrs. Boucicautt and Miss M. Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manazeress, Mrs. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, at 7, DEAF AS A POST. Mr. Thorne. Mesdames Johnston, Weston, and Hughes. Atter which, at 8. ONE TREE HILL. Messrs. Craven, Stoyle, Jame., Belford ; .Miss A. Swanborough and Miss M. Palmer. To conclude with PATIENr PENELOPE. Miss Simp 13011. GRATIS AND POST FREE E. MOSES and SONS' New Pamphlet, THE PHILOSOPHY OF DRESS. J 1 MOSES AND S 0 N J• respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest fabrics are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. itOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices are such as must satisfy the most economical. This depart ment is in a distinct part of the premises, which will be found a great convenience for ladies and children, MOSES AND SO'N E• respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assorted SPLCING STOCK. MOSES AND SON'S E •‘ , SANDRINGHAIII" and "DANISH " WRAPPER introduced by them) is the newest and most fashiontb:e style of Overcoats for the season. MOSES AND SON'S • READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING for all classes and all ages. EMOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, from 30s. EMOSES AND SON'S • HOSIERY and DRAPERY, for all classes and all ages. - L-1 MOSES AND SON'S Lu• RATS AND CM'S, fvr all a aeses and-all ages. MOSES AND SON'S ~• BOOTS and 61101. 4 5, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S E• OUTFI I'6. for all classes, all age, , , and all climates. E MOSES AND SON'S LONDON HOUSES, 154, 135, 15 , 3, 157, Minories ; 83, 81, 85, 86, 87, 88, SO, Aldg - ate 590, 507, 508, New Oxford--street; 1, 2, 3, Ilart-s, rect , 137, 138, Tottenham-court-read; 288, Euaton-road Also, Bradford, Yorkshire. MOSES AND SON'S ~. Establishments are closed Every Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until Ii o'clock. All articles ar. marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not apprAred of will be exchanged, or the money returned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, " The Philosophy of Dress," gratis and post free. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied, as soon as published every Evening by W. ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 24, Old Cavendisb, s treet, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " LA I'EN FP A d Vir a S s a s n o C 3 l n B P B O 01173- h t Terllian& all they 11. W. HARRIS, Nevrepaper Agent, 4, Black-friars-road, London, S. T' LAST EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing the Latest SPOUTING INTELLIUENcr, dan be had Every Evening of G. U. GLIeNIE, NEwa AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Bide-park. A PHOTOGRAPHIC CURIOSITY, With a copy of The Ann PRICE 4D. ; STAMPED, SD. ; is presented GRATIS (with a Supplement) A MINIATURE PHOTOGRAPHED FAC SIMILE of the FRONT PAGE of THE SUN of MONDAY, the 2d January, 1865. * * For the convenience of Subscribers wishing to preserve the Photograph, a suitable frame is pro vided, and may be had at The Sun Office, price lis. The Photograph, ON CARD, 6d. ; or mounted in frame, ls. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TR'S DAY.—Morning, lh. 30m.—Afternoon, lh. 50m. 9:0-310nRow.-Morning, 2h. 16m.—Afternoon, 2h. 40m. Mrtff'vs 2 .t un: 1 " . "- ivivs LONDON, lUESDAY, APRIL 25, 1865. The news of the death of the young CZAREWITCH • will call forth feelings of the deepest regret where ever it is heard. Seldom has there been a more striking instance afforded of the impunity with which death can assail the high as well as the low. In the sight of man all that this world can offer to attract and charm was before the young prince, who has been snatched away alike from power and felicity, Many attendant circumstances concur to m ake this event particularly sad, and likely to be long deplored, when the first excitement of grief is over. His approaching marriage with the young princess of Denmark renders the calamity most deplorable, since, besides the gloom overshadowing the Imperial family of Russia, we have also to think upon the sadness which has fallen on the royal house of Denmark. It seemed a cheering prospect in the strife and discords of last year to dwell upon the forthcoming union of the fair young Princess DAGMAR with the heir of the CZAR of Prussia. It promised also support to Denmark, an d a f a i r c hance of domestic happiness to the Prince, such as the occupants of thrones are often prevented from sharing, owing to the formulas of States and the decrees of political expediency. All must sym pathise with the Princess DAGMAR, the prospects of whose life have been dimmed at the outset, and who has exchanged the bridal wreath for the cypress crown. It appears that the young CZAREWITCH has always been delicate, but still hopes were entertained of his becoming more robust in the course of time. These hopes have been dashed to the ground, and perhaps seldom in the memory of a generation has so overpowering a calamity or so wide-spread a sorrow suddenly appeared as that which has take n place at Nice. By the death-bed of the Prince the most solemn and striking warning of. the uncertainty of life, and the insecurity of eal thly possessions, might have been gathered. The he it to All the Russias was struck down in the pride of lifo and flower of youth, his destined bride and his afflicted father hurrying from different Parts of Europe to be present at the last sad scene. It is satisfactory to know that both were in time, and thus escaped the sad reflection of being too late. The young CZAREWITCH would, in all probability, have proved a worthy ruler of the mighty empire over which he would one day have reigned had his life been spared. Times are changed since the days of his grandfather, the renowned NICHOLAS, after whom he was named. The present more modified regulations and quieter rule would have accorded I better with the tastes, and suited more the require ments of this Prince than the iron rule and stern sway of old times. In many respects, therefore, his death is to be regretted beyond the immediate and most striking incidents of the imperial family, plunged into mourning, and the hopes of the un fortunate King of DENMARK being again frustrated. At so early an age as that which makes up the term of the earthly career of the Prince, it is difficult to feel certain as to his future course, but so far as we can form a judgment there seems to have been every reason for hoping the best. The Prince had been carefully trained, and was gaining daily ex perience as to the government of that might country in which he held so high a place. Great differences exist in the traditional notions that prevail in Eng land and Russia. On more than one occasion lately serious altercations have arisen concerning the course pursued by the Imperial policy, but at this moment of bitter sorrow this country feels the pro foundest sympathy for the loss which has befallen the mighty Emperor of RUSSIA. Also the sorrow entertained for the Princess DAGMAR will be very sincere, and it is rendered more poignant by the reflection that misfortune and disappointment have already been most rife in her family, and clouded the fortunes of her country. Many glcomy events both at home and abroad have cast a siadow over affairs lately, but none more conspicuowly so than this premature demise of the heir of Rtssia, sur rounded as it is by circumstances which are calcu lated to impress so forcibly with regret and disap pointment. It has been truly said that— " Earth's highest title ends in, here he lies, And dust to dust concludes her noblest sotg," but nothing affords a more striking proof of this than the death of the young who were about to enter on fresh hopes and form fresh ties lo exist ence. The sad event which has taken ?lace at Nice will long dwell in the recollection of all who have been present there, and as a sorrowful episode in the career of kings it will be chro nicled in the annals of history. A very interesting festival was held on Saturday at Maybury, in the Royal Dramatic College. Un der the will of the late T. P. COOKE, the 23d April, famous as the birthday of our great poet and dra matist, is to be always celebrated by a banquet. Aa additional interest attaches to it in the eyes of the lamented T. P. CooKE's friends and associates from the fact of its having been likewise the anniversary of his own birth. With the kindly feeling which always distinguished him, he expressed in his will an anxiety that the aged residents of the college should have a yearly treat in honour of the day. lie further stipulated that at the grand dinner which the Master Wardens and members of the Council, together with others interested in the welfare of the College, were on that day to enjoy, the first toast after the routine " healths" should be drunk to the memory of SHAKSPERE. This duty last Saturday devolved upon the Master, Mr. B. WEBSTER, who acquitted himself of his arduous duties as Chairman with his customary skill and tact. The benevolent testator himself was naturally one of the principal topics of the evening ; and not the least interesting portion of the fine spectacle presented by the great hall was the sight of the aged residents of the college, whose latter years are thus comfortably provided for by those members of their own profession who are still reaping the harvest of fame and fortune. An asylum of this kind has an especial claim on the benevolent, since it gives its kindly shelter to those who have spent their best days in the public service, and who, having followed through their working years an arduous and exhausting profession, have nowreached the days when they may honourably rest. We hope that the members and wardens of the College will gather together many an April to do honour to the memories of the past, and to congratulate each other upon the ever-brightening prospects of their future. The vote for the Army Estimates last evening gave rise to an animated discussion respecting the clerk ships in the War-office. There appeared to be a con siderable difference of opinion on the subject of some proposed reforms or alterations in the management of the departments, and General PEEL found a good deal to censure in the new arrangements, which, however, were strongly supported by others. The matter of promotion was the principal difficulty, General PEEL contending that a system of office promotion was far superior to branch promotion ; that is to say, that when there is a vacancy to be filled up the candidate selected should not be chosen exclusively from that particular branch, but from any of the departments. The hon. and gallant member contended that it would be more advan tageous to the public service if each gentleman were acquainted with the duties of the office generally, and not with the mere details of the particular branch to which he belongs. He added that it would be less mortifying to those excluded from the post if a clerk from another department were placed over them, instead of one of their own companions or subordinates. He urged that there was great danger that a system of branch promotion should degenerate into a mere question of seniority, most prejudicial to the interests of the establishment. These views were supported by Sir S. NORTHCOTE, who contended that the branch system was as un fair to the clerks as it was injurious to the ser vice, since, he said, it kept young men in one office performing duties which were merely mechanical, instead of gaining experience in several branches. " Under the first system the officers were mere machines, and in order to fill staff appointments it would be necessary to seek men out of doors ; while under the more enlarged system, officers of ambition and ability would be obtained, and the establishments rendered much more efficient and healthy." This logic, however, is not unanswerable, for if all the departments are mechanical, there is not much scope for ambition ; while if not, the members of the superior classes would not like to be promoted to the head of an inferior. It was very justly argued by Mr. FORSTER that such a plan was never followed in private establishments. If in a large mercantile firm the seller was replaced by the accountant, or vice versa, the proceeding would be stigmatised as highly injudicious. Prac tice, if it does not always make perfect, generally confers a readiness and dexterity which nothing else can give, and a man of very ordinary intel ligence, if continually employed at the same kind of work, almost inevitably obtains a certain degree of proficiency. We see the same thing continually among the labouring classes. We should not think of advising a butcher to turn baker, a hatter to become a shoemaker, or a stonemason to under take some fine and delicate handicraft. If each keeps to his trade, he has, with industry and per severance, a fair chance of success ; but if he leaves his own work to try somebody else's, he will, most probably, be far excelled by those who have had longer experience. There is no certainty therefore that the work would be better done or the workers more satisfied if the branch system were abandoned. At the same it is right to notice that considerable dissatisfaction is said to exist among the clerks at the change. The Marquis of HARTINGTON, in answering the complaints made by hon. members opposite to him, observed that several reasons had led to the appointment of the committee, upon whose report the new system was founded. Since 1856 a continual increase has been going on in the number of clerks, without any im provement in the amount of work done, or the manner of doing it. There was also evidence of a great lack of supervision, and the principle regulat ing promotions were altogether unsound. It appears in fact to be absolutely ridiculous. "It cannot," said Lord HARTINGTON, "be right, that when a vacancy occurs in a particular branch a gentleman in such branch should be promoted to perform the duties of the higher office so vacated without re ceiving an increase of pay, while, in another branch, a gentleman received an increase of pay without obtaining any promotion in point of rank." Our public offices are certainly conducted on very strange principles, but this is a specially original method ! Many of the other objections brought against the new system were satisfactorily answered by the Marquis of HARTINGTON, and it will be as well for the public to see how the new plan works before they acquiesce in the strictures passed upon it. Dr. LANKESTER held an inquest yesterday on the body of a pauper who was found dead in St. Giles's Workhouse. It appeared that he died from natural causes, but at the same time the diet was far too low. The deceased was seventy-five years of age, and he had nothing allowed him from four o'clock in the afternoon until eight the next morning. The afternoon meal consisted of gruel, with bread and salt. It is really surprising that such a dietary should be permitted, and the Coroner very properly animadverted upon it. He said that it was very hard an able-bodied man of that age should not have had beer allowed him, with which the jury readily agreed. The Coroner also added that they dare not treat prisoners as they do paupers. He said the dietary was too low. It did not perhaps produce disease, but it shortened the life of the inmates, and ought not to be done. The doctor admitted that the deceased should have had beer, but he said that he had nothing to do with the body of the house. The jury appended to their verdict some remarks in connection with the opinions entertained by All pre sent, to the effect that a more liberal diet should be permitted to the aged poor in St. Giles's, and that they should have more stimulants when necessary. It is to be hoped that those in authority will take heed and follow the advice thus tendered to them; for it is a sad thing when paupers are thus reduced to the lowest margin of support, and it is a false and fatal economy that would seek to dole out grudg ingly the wretched fare which the managers of workhouses consider sufficient for the inmates of those dreary abodes. Monuments at Duppel and Alsen. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) FLENSBURG, April 21. At three o'clock this afternoon the foundation stone was laid of a monument upon the heights of Duppel, which is to occupy the former site of Fort No. 6. The ceremony commenced by reading a list of the documents to be placed in the stone. Prince Frederick Charles then laid the stone in the King's name and gave the three strokes with the hammer, handing it next to Field-Marshal Count von Wran gel, who was followed by the princes of the royal house, and the deputations of generals and knights of the order pour le merite. Salvoes of artillery were fired, and three cheers given for the King. Field- Chaplain Schalenburg then preached the sermon, and the ceremony concluded with the marching past of the troops. Numbers of the inhabitants from the neighbourhood were present upon the occasion. The scroll laid in the stone bore the following in scription : We, William, by God's grace King of Prussia, &c., have ordered that the foundation-stone of a memorial shall be laid at Duppel on the 21st April in the year of salvation 1865, in memory of the storming of the Duppel entrenchments by our army. In union with our illustrious ally, the Em peror of Austria, we had been compelled to enter into war with the kingdom of Denmark that the Elbe-Duchies might no longer be deprived of their long withheld and sequestered right to Germany and Germany of her right to them. After the long peace with which God had favoured our country we called a portion of our troops under arms. In the midst of winter, exposed to the greatest hardships from the weather, our soldiers advanced into the northern marches of Germany under the wings of the Prus sian eagle. It waved above them in their first con flict before Missunde ; it led them at their passage over the Schlei at Arnis ; they ranged themselves around it in the siege of the Duppel entrenchments. The excellence of our artillery and the ability of those by whom it was directed were here dis played, together with the discipline of our army in the hardships of camp life, the warlike community of spirit which binds the officers and men of our troops to well-ordered union, and finally the heroic bravery with which the storm upon the entrenchments was carried out. Under the guidance of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia, the sons of our people sealed with their hearts' blood the victory Prussia's sword had won for the right and honour of Germany. To those who devoted their lives for their brethren we dedicate this me morial, whose foundation-stone we order to be laid on the 21st of this month, to bear testimony to the gratitude of the fatherland, and to our resolution to secure, with God's help, to the resting-place of our heroic warriors the protection of Prussia's arms even to distant times. " Given at our capital city of Berlin, this 18th April of the year 1865. (Signed) " WILLIAM." A similar monument is to be erected in the island of Alsen. Upon the scroll to be deposited in the foundation-stone at that spot are inscribed the fol lowing words : " We, William, by God's grace King of Prussia, &c., do hereby proclaim and announce : In the con tinuation of the war waged by us during the past year, in conjunction with our illustrious ally, against Denmark for the right of Germany, God's hand marked out for us the limit. The conquest of Alsen put an end to the war and gave Germany her right. Our army carried the sword into the enemy's ranks beyond the waves of the sea, planted the flag of Prussia on the island shore of the Baltic, and added new and imperishable leaves to the rich gar land of Prussian military fame. We owe this re sult to the divisions of our army which fought here victoriously under the chief command of Cavalry- General Prince Charles and the guidance of In fantry-General Herwarth von Bittenfeld, and we therefore have given orders that a monument shall be erected to the fallen brave upon the scene of their renown, to bear testimony to the thankfulness of the fatherland, and in honour of the memory of the dead, whose heroic courage will live in the re collection of our warriors, should they ever have to guard the fruits of that victory with the sword. " Given at our capital city of Berlin this 18th April of the year 1865, (Signed) " WILLIA.H." THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 25, 1865 LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) FRANCE, ASSASSINATION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE RUSSIAN LEGATION. PARIS, APRIL 25. Yesterday, at 3 p.m., a stranger presented him self at the Russian Embassy, demanding to speak with the Secretary of Legation. Almost immedi ately after his entrance a noise was heard, and the Secretary was found covered with blood, having received five stabs from a dagger. The murderer fled, but was stopped, when he wounded two other persons before he was arrested. The Secretary is reported to be dead. In consequence of the death of the Czarewitch the Emperor of the French will go into mourning for nine days. NICE, APRIL 25, The body of the Czarewitch will be removed on Wednesday next to the Russian church, and will be embarked on Friday upon a Russian vessel for conveyance to Cronstadt. Funeral honours will be rendered to the deceased Prince by the French authorities. The Russian Imperial family will leave Nice for Germany on Saturday next. It is asserted that the squadron which is to accom pany the Emperor Napoleon to Algiers will only sail on Monday next for Marseilles. BOURSE, April 24.—The market is unsettled, and most of the principal Securities have declined. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f. 60c. Ita lian Loan, 65f. 55c. Mobilier has been done at 772 f. 50c. In Railway Shares there is very little doing. The market closed as follows:- 41 per Cents 96 Italian Loan 65 45 Do. end month — Do. and month 65 30 3 per Cents. 67 45 Ditto Throes — Do. end month 67 35 New Mexican Credit Mobilier 775 Russian — Do. end month ... 765 Austrian Bank Shares .3565 Spanish Threes 45 Cr,dit F0ncier......1270 Home Debt — Roman RAILWAYS. Cash. • Acct. Orleans .. 835 ... 835 Northern Lyons and Mediterranean...., 955 ... 951 25 Southern .. 592 50 ... 597 50 Western 523 75 ... 525 Eastern Sardinian 305 -- ... 302 50 Austrian Lombard 542 50 ... 542 50 North of Spain 237 50 ... 235 Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona — ... Slavery and Emancipation in America, In the year 1860 the slave population of the United States numbered about 4,000,000. There were also 500,000 free people of colour. During the military movements of the conflict waged for the purpose perpetrating slavery by the one and for preventing secession by the other, 2,000,000 of the slaves had become free prior to Mr. Lincoln's re election as President. But immense numbers have passed into freedom since the fall of Savannah, Charleston, Wilmington, Petersburg, and Rich mond. The transition has been sudden and charac terised by the exigencies of war. Myriads have fled from the home of slavery without clothing, provi sion, or the implements of industry, or even of household economy; and are dependent on bene volence for sustenance and means of improving their condition. The able-bodied have either been ab sorbed in the Northern armies or retained by their Southern masters. The women, the children, the aged, and the infirm, constitute a large dependent population, among whom are to be found much pri vation and wretchedness. Benevolent efforts to provide assistance, in money and clothing, have been made by Freed Men's Aid Commissions in Boston, Washington, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, and New York. Many philanthropic persons have gone down into the South as teachers and helpers, and have formed asylums, hospitals, schools, colonies, camps, and industrial communities. Auxiliary associations have been organised in Great Britain, the principal of which have been composed of members of the Society of Friends. Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart., is president, and Samuel Gurney, Esq., M.P., treasurer of the London Freed Men's Aid Society, whose chief aim is to collect and transmit funds to the American organisations. During the past week a move ment for co-operation has been commenced in Paris, and private social meetings have been held by the invitation of M. Da,boulaye, in his chambers, Rue Taitbout ; Pasteur G. Monod, at his own house, and the Rev. T. Baron Hart, in the English congregational chapel, Rue Royale. A deputation from America and London has attended; Levi Coffin, a " Friend" from Cincinnati, Messrs. Haynes from New York, and the Rev. Dr. Massie, acting secretary of the London committee, have by their presence and statements contributed informa tion and interest. In the chambers of M. Lahoulaye, the Prince de Broglie, Count de Montalembert, M. Cushman, M. H. Martin, Dr. de Pressense, G. Monod, and others, representing the sympathies and desires of many absent philanthropists ; and a com mittee was formed to prepare an address and take measures for soliciting co-operation. Measures will also be matured by the friends who assembled at M. Monod's and in the Rue Royale. The American residents in Paris, desiring to uphold the reputation of their country, will doubtless prove that though the cause of the emancipated is cosmopolitan and philanthropic, they have an especial duty which they will promptly discharge among themselves. The editors of journals of every political hue will serve the cause by transferring to their columns whatever information they may deem valuable.— Galignani. MARKETS--This Day. HAY MARKETS. SMITHFIELD.—Meadow hay, £4 10s to £5 lOs Od ; clover, £5 108 to 16 lOs Od ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 14s per load. Trade slow. CIIMBERLAND.—Meadow hay, 1.4 108 to .£5 10s ; clover, £5 10s to .£6 10s ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 14s per load. A slow sale. WHITEcHAPEL.—Ifeadow hay, £4 103 to £5 108 ; clover, £5 10s to £6 10s ; and straw, £1 88 to £1 148 per load Trade steady. COLONIAL. TEL—There has been a moderato inquiry for most de scriptions, and prices generally are well sustained. Good shipping congou is quoted lid. per lb. SUGAR.—The market has not been very aetive, although good qualities of West India fully support previous rates. In other descriptions there is also not much change. Business in the refined market continues rather dull, at about previous quotations. COFFEE.—The demand for colonial has been steady, and notwithstanding the large increase of stocks in hand, com pared with those of the same period last year, prices in most instances are well supported. Rics.---A fair amount of business has been done, and full rates have been obtained for superior descriptions of East India. TALLOW.—The market has shown rather more anima tion, consequent upon the late American advices, and prices for both present and forward delivery show an upward tendency. P.Y.C., on the spot, is quoted 41s. ; and last three months' delivery, 425. 6d. per cwt. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the dose of the market. s. d. s. d. Buddle'sWestHartley 16 9 Hetton l9 0 Holywell Main l6 6 Cowpen Hartley l6 9 Carway and Duffryn • Heugh Hall l7 9 Malting 22 0 Walls End Harton ... 16 3 Braddyell's Hetton l7 3 South Kelloe Walls End Haswell... 19 0 Hastings Hartley l6 9 Tunstall • l6 6 West Hartley Ships at market, 54; sold, 41. LEEDS BAR KING COMPANY.—The payment of the first dividend of Bs. in the pound, under the winding up of the affairs of this company, was commenced yesterday at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, from which hour to the time of closing in the afternoon the bank premises were crowded with c; editors. Excellent arrangements had been made by Mr. Turquand, the official liquidator, to prevent over crowding or confusion, each creditor having had a circular sent to him informing him the time, between certain hours, yesterday or to day he might receive the dividend. Those persons who may not attend at the specified time will be paid at the usual hours— a e., from 10 to 3 daily, on and after to-morrow, LITERATURE. Meteyard's Life of Wedgwood. The Life of Josiah Wedgwood. By Eliza Mete yard. With numerous Illustrations. Vol. One, pp. 504. Hurst and Blackett. In this magnificent volume we welcome one of the very noblest contributions to the history of the ceramic art ever published. We place it at once and permanently—this record of the "Life of Josiah Wedgwood "—side by side with Bernard Palissy's Memoirs and with Benvenuto Cellini's Autobio graphy. " Silverpen " has here for once writ ten with a pen of gold. By this single per formance (evidently for her a labour of love) she has securely established her literary reputation. Miss Meteyard tells us in her prefatory remarks that her researches, with a view to the composition of this biography of Josiah Wedgwood, have ex tended over a period of fully fifteen years alto gether. Judging from the result, they have been years in no way mis-spent. A more conscientious discharge of the delicate and responsible duties de volving upon the biographer of a really great man, has not been witnessed, we believe, since the days of Boswell, the greatest of all Biographers. A happy accident appears to have aided the accumula tion of the rare and some of them very precious mate rials here so admirably put together by the dex terous hand and exquisite taste of Miss Meteyard. This same lucky accident being nothing less than the passing into the possession of Joseph Mayer of Liverpool—quite fortuitously—of a considerable portion of the business papers relating to the Great Potter's works both at Burslem and at Etruria. From Mr. Mayer's possession, it will be seen, those same papers passed on (with how many more priceless materials, documentary or other wise, viva voce anecdotes, letters, drawings, and so forth !)—into the safe keeping of Eliza Mete yard. And they did so, of course, with a view to her judicious application of them to the purposes of her long-projected biography—this biography undertaken by her in her capacity as the chosen celebrant of the genius, of the career, of the works, of the fair fame, of the artistic and laborious life of Josiah Wedgwood. The descendants and the admirers, the friends and the family of the Great Potter have, meanwhile, been vying with each other in pouring into her lap a superabun dance of materials, materials which have been placed (every one of them) at her own complete discretion, for employment by her, howsoever her judgment listed, in the building up under her reveren tial hand of a literary memorial not unworthy of perpetuating the name of Wedgwood. And let us here state at once quite distinctly that the authoress has manifestly been in no way bewildered by what must have proved an embaras des richesses to one less fitted for the task. Prefixed, here, to this Life of the Great Potter, the authoress has given a rapid but comprehensive Sketch of the Art of Pottery, not only in England, but elsewhere, far and wide— not alone in modern times, not alone in the middle ages, but, century beyond century, by a daring retrospect, back even to the remotest antiquity. As the writer herself says, to undertake the record of the Life of Wedgewood without the possession beforehand of a practical knowledge of pottery, would be equivalent to penning the life of one of the great composers without a previous knowledge of music, or of one of the great painters without a prior familiarity with the mysteries of the graphic art. As the Historian of the Art of Pottery—for in very truth such she may henceforth authoritatively assume to be—as the celebrant of the genius of Josiah Wedgwood—in one word, as the biographer of that greatest among all the Potters of England, Miss Meteyard has, happily for herself, for her theme, and for her readers, entered upon the per formance of her appointed task, endowed with all the qualifications requisite for its successful completion. For that task, she has here, in truth, shown herself to have been, from the very outset, peculiarly well qualified. She appears to have had, all along, quite a natural aptitude for it. Beyond this, she seems to have been familiar with the theme from her earliest childhood. Born and nurtured herself in the midst of the localities which are the scene of the story she has had to relate while writing this life of Josiah Wedgwood, she has necessarily enjoyed an intimate acquaintance, alike with the memory and with the productions— with the noble memory and the lovely productions—of the hero of her narrative I His name and his works, both of them the joint results of his great genius and of his giant industry, are among her very earliest recollections. Familiarity, however, so far from leading, in this instance, to another illustration of the truth of the old proverb, has conduced, on the con trary, to the enhancement of her admira tion, to the perfecting of her appreciation, at once of the man himself, and of his achievements. Hence, in truth, the eminently satisfactory result of her labours as Wedgwood's Biographer. And to in sure, so far as might be in any way possible, her own yet greater fitness for the task of penning his biography, she appears to have included among her preliminary labours the complete apprehension by her of the inner mysteries of the particular craft in which the Great Potter had won for him- self his radiant reputation. Following him (how appreciatively !) footstep by footstep, she tracks him through all the more remarkable of his many in dustrial and artistic processes, in the advancement by him of his beloved art of pottery to a pitch of excellence it had, until his time, in some respects, never attained. She carefully and sedulously tracks him, for example, in his search among spars of all kinds, when he was so eagerly in quest of the terra ponderosa, or carbonate of barytes. She notes, in imagination—almost as sympathetically as Wedg wood's wife herself must have been wont to do, when seated beside him at her spinning-wheel in his workshop—one by one, each of his rarer successes in the way of improvement--such, let us say, by way of illustration, as his perfecting of the jasper body. The authoress, in effect, is throughout so earnestly and strenuously bent upon doing her work efficiently —at once, as the Historian of Pottery and as the Biographer of Wedgwood—that, among her preli minary labours to that two-fold end, we find her actually getting herself initiated into one of the innermost mysteries of the craft, to wit, the fritter ing of the glazes. The result of all this being, that—if we come to view the work now under notice simply as a Treatise upon Pottery—it must be set down at once as a perfect marvel in its way —coming to us, more particularly, as it does, from the hands of a woman, a hand in its every touch and movement, as will be seen, singularly delicate and singularly vigorous. Everything relating to pottery—from the commonest delft, nay from the veriest potsherd, up to that antique Marvel of the Art, the Portland Vase (the effigy of which is most appropriately emblazoned upon the cover of the noble volume here commented upon) —everything, even of the smallest interest, relating, either directly or indirectly, to the Art or History of Pottery - , will be found to have been here duly recorded and set down in these pages of Miss Meteyard. Her retrospect extends back even to the most primitive achievements in this most ancient of handicrafts ! To productions as formless, one might almost say, as those unshapely vessels, de scribed by Daniel Defoe, as having been manufac- ,ured by Robinson Crusoe in the desert island Nay the very implements of the craft—do we not hero learn all about them? The potter's wheel— his lathes, punches, whirlers, gravers, models, moulds, and drying pans ! All the essentials of the art, moreover, are here taken carefully into consi deration—body, glaze, form, colour, ornament ! Turn by way of illustration for a moment--merely to that one particular of colour in regard to this same marvellous art of pottery ! And note, then, as you flutter the leaves of the volume while read- ing it, how from one solitary and perhaps dingy, murky tinge, there are revealed to us, here, as they become evolved in the expansion of the potter's wonderful art, all the colours of the rain bow, colours multiplying and contrasting the one with the other in every conceivable combination— green-glazed, red-engined, cream-coloured, dark grey, bluish-black, metallic coloured, vitreous coloured—until the store-rooms of the potteries, its we traverse them seem, to become at last as varie gated in hue, let us say, as the flower-beds of the Temple -gardens, in November, when the pompones and the chrysanthemums are in all the glory of full bloom ! The intermediate colouring (so to speak) in particular—alike in the parterres and in the potteries --being, one is tempted to say, about the most mar vellous of all ! Instance this—the cream ware, with its tints varying from those of newly-skimmed cream to a pale sulphur, and so deepening and deepening until it merges into crocus, or saffron, or orange ! From the record here given to us (very succinctly) of British Pottery, in all its varieties and fluctuations, it becomes manifest that it would hardly be any thing of an extravagance to speak of it as an art in some sort indigenous. Among what the authoress takes occasion to designate very aptly " our many nationed race," Pottery reveals itself to us under how many different aspects or phases ! Now Celtic as seen in urns exhumed from the tumuli —now Roman as evidenced in still-dis covered patem and mortaria—now Saxon as observed in those trenchers and pitchers which were often among the spoils of the Vikings —now Norman, as visible in platters and porringers ornately marked with armorial bearings —now Medieval or of the period of the Renais sance ! After which last mentioned epoch—with a wide gap or hiatus in between—there follow in due sequence the greatest of the English masters of the art, Wedgwood, and Spode, and Minton, the greatest of them all being Wedgwood, Josiah Wedgwood, the hero of Miss Meteyard's book. How under his direction the art rose and flourished in the second half of the last century, this her record of his Life will be found to relate, as it certainly never before has been related—fully, authoritatively, picturesquely —often with the interest of a ro mance, always with the dignity of a history. In cidentally, moreover, through these same chapters of the life of Wedgwood, there are squandered around us, as it were, to the right hand and to the left—as though, in reading the book, we were traversing a series of galleries littered with the choicest articles of virtu—all the wares of all the potteries of all the ages of all the coun tries of the earth. Mediaeval ware, including each of the five distinct classes of tile-work, some of it gorgeously fretted and arabesqued—Earthenware from all parts of England—Majolica ware— Palissy ware—the Red-ware of Japan—Oriental Porcelain—marbled ware and mottled ware— pewter and Treen ware—Yellow ware, Cauliflower ware, Melon ware, Agate ware, Tortoise-shell ware ! Ware, one might almost say— " Striped like the zebra, freckled like the pard !" Goblets, bowls, services of all kinds, three handled tygs, posset-pots, and mortuary tab lets, masterpieces of the potter's art from the hand of Wedgwood himself—these and mul titudes of others represented in engraved effigies of them meet us at every turn (of the leaf) as we devour the dozen chapters making up this singularly handsome and costly volume—the mere care given to the illustration of which, by the way, reflects the very bighest credit upon the publishers, to say nothing of their equally obvious care for the general getting up of the work, more particularly in respect to its typography. Views of the localities and medallion portraits of the celebrities alluded to in the course of the narrative, are plentifully intermingled with the embellishments already mentioned —among these notabilities being numbered, King George 111., Queen Charlotte, the Rev. John Wesley, Dr. Priestley, Brindley the Engineer, Mrs. Bar bauld, Dr. Aikin, besides which, as the frontispiece to the volume, we have a very fine engraving from the original portrait of Josiah Wedgwood himself. As a fitting preliminary to the relation of his his tory, our authoress, it should be observed, more over, gives a highly interesting account of Wedg wood's progenitors, as well as of others among the famous Potters of Staffordshire, the Mayers of Norton, for example, and the Bursleins of Dale Hall. The true interest of the narrative, however, begins only when we come to the record of the birth —at Burslem, in Staffordshire the birth, there, to Thomas Wedgwood and Mary, his wife —of the youngest of a very numerous family early in the July of 1730 —to wit, JOSIAH WEDGWOOD ! Then, in truth, the charm of the book fairly " sets in" upon the reader ! The commencement thus of the genuine interest of the story may, in point of fact, be in dicated to the very page—beginning as that inte- rest seems to us.to do in real earnest with the de scription of the old house-place at Burslem, at p. 201, with its ponderous settle beside the fire, its leather covered easy-chair, its shelved dresser, its clock, and tables, and—aloft there—hooked to the beams in the ceiling, the great oak-made cratch for bacon ! From that point in her narrative we are Miss Meteyard's most obedient ! We " needs must hear" —she " hath her will"—as quietly but as securely as ever had the Ancient Mariner in the ballad of Coleridge. From the holiday visits paid by Josiah Wedgwood, when a child, to old Mrs. Egerton, at the Overhouse—we follow the hero of the story to the dame's school where he gets his first taste of knowledge (hardly a Pierian spring can we call it), before wending his way as he does later on, day after day, across the meadows to Blunt's academy at Newcastle-under-Lyme. There it is that we note the first evidence of the boy's ingenuity when, with a pair of scissors and paper, he cuts out, to the delight of his school-fellows, a fleet at sea, an army at combat, a house and gar den, a whole pot-work—sticking the cuttings after wards along the entire length of the sloping desks of the school-room, to the amazement alike o: scholars and of schoolmaster. His real education and the same may be said with regard to al. men of eminence, appears to have been his Self education--when, striken down by severe illness, he fastened upon every book he could lay his hands upon, during the otherwise weary interval of a long convalescence. His " real precursor" as a pot ter, Miss Meteyard tells us, was Samuel Astbury— one of whom it is recorded that he won his knowledge of the mysteries of the potter's art by a wonderful impersonation (some say during a period of no less than two years, but our authoress regards that as an exaggeration) by a wonderful impersonation of utter idiotcy—an idiotcy assumed by him so as to enable him to discover the secrets of the Brothers Elers, certain German potters who were famous in their day for the manufacture of Elers' ware at Chelsea. An incident, this, i will surely be allowed, sufficiently indicative of it self that the annals of pottery are marked with ,ouches of truly romantic interest. Wedgwood's own great career as a potter may be said to have . _ dated from somewhere about the spring of 1759. Then it was that he began to apply himself in earnest to the development of the four great essential of his art, body, glaze, form, and ornament. Three years after the date last mentioned, namely, in 1762, he was introduced to the great friend of his life, Thomas Bentley the mer chant of Liverpool. Scarcely two years afterwards, on the 25th of January, 1764, Josiah married—. his wife, Sarah, being one who proved to him in fact, and not merely in name, a veritable help mate. And so we are brought down here to the close of this first of the two volumes into which Miss Meteyard's Life of Wedgwood is portioned out— among the latest facts recorded in this first volume being one that may be said to have marked a very turning-point in the artistic and industrial career of the Great Potter, namely, that of his happening to light upon the work par excellence upon the Lathe —that open sesame to all the Mysteries of the Beautiful in the Art of Pottery—Plumier's " L'Art de Tourner." From that seemingly chance-reading, came forth, in point of fact, the full ripening of Wedgwood's genius, the perfection of his art, the revelation of his exquisite taste, the establishment of his great re- putation. Great as that reputation may be consi dered to have been, however, before the publication of this Life of The Master-Potter, it can hardly be deemed to have attained its full deve]opement until now—when the seal may be said to have been at last put to the credentials of his fame by the hand of Eliza Meteyard l Credentials formally attested—(it can hardly be pronounced extravagant our so expressing the fact)--on the 26th of October, 1863, in a celebrated speech delivered at Burslem—by the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, to whom, by the way, this really superb work is, we observe, most appropriately iuscribed, Court ,• AJ Ire!! It HER MAJESTY. OSBORNE, April 24. The Queen drove out this morning in the grounds. The Royal Family also took their usual exercise. The Earl and Countess of Malmesbury come to town this week from Heron Court, near Christchurch, Hants. The Earl and Countess of Derby, who have been staying a few days at 'Tunbridge Wells, came to town yesterday. The Earl and Countess Spencer intend to come to Spencer House, St. James's, on the 2d proximo, from Althoipe Hall, Northamptonshire. The Marquis of Tweeddale has engaged the Countess (Dowager) Poulett's house in Hanover-square whilst her ladyship is residing in Paris. TEE CRYSTAL PALACE --~-- The Approach of the New Season, If May Day is no longer celebrated by rural sports and dances round the Maypole—it is at least marked for Londoners by one most exhilarating festivity, the commencement annually of a new season in the People's Palace and Garden down at Sydenham. Astronomically viewed, the year begins on the 20th of March, when the sun enters upon his annual round of the zodiac at the sign of Aries. Conventionally, since the Gregorian Calendar was accepted by the nations of Christendom, the year begins upon the Ist of January. Financially, the year opens three months later. By Parliament it has come to be inaugurated, intermediately, in the first week or so of February. But—taking a hint (as it happens very delightfully) from the fashionable world of London, from the Belgravians and Tyburnians, the Upper Ten Thousand, the creme de la creme, the saunterers down Rotten' Row, the loiterers round the Ring—the Crysta l Palace Company, yonder in their lovely haunt at Sydenham, wisely begin their year, their season, their annual round of festivities, upon no other dal than May Day. Their new year, their Twelfth Season begins, in this way, therefore, on Mon day next, the Ist of May, 1865. Between the first of May and the 30th of April, that Annual Season Ticket, that Guinea Ticket, runs (saving only, alas that it should be so, upon Sundays) un interruptedly throughout the whole twelve' month. It is—we do quite seriously believe, everything considered, and beyond a moment's doubt of it—the most wonderful guinea's worth anywhere procurable—this Season Ticket to the Crystal Palace. It is for the Londoner very much what the Ring or the Lamp was to Aladdin in the old Arabian story. Finger it ! and see what it does not—that substitute for Aladdin's Ring or Lainn the Guinea. Season Ticket to the Crystal Palace-- admit us to, us Londoners ! To a Fairy Palace of gigantic dimensions and of exquisite beauty, to begin ! To a Fairy Palace, moreover, that is r eared in the midst of a Fairy Garden of its own—th e Garden itself surrounded in turn by a radiant stretch of the green country-side ! Within the Crystal Palace —specimens of all the wonders, or at the least of the very pick of all the wonders gathered together from all the countries and peoples under th e sun. Not a mere gewgaw bazaar, either, is th is astonishing accumulation of curious, wonderful, beautiful, or interesting objects, objects illustrativ e of the ingenuity or of the genius of the human race —it is not, in other words, so much mere lat h and plaster, veneer and tinsel. Take, as affording instant evidence of this, take but the merest , glance at some of the cont en t s o f mere l y o ne °L the departments of that veritable Microcosm, th e Crystal Palace as it now is ! Turning into the French Court, for example—look for a few seconds at the display now on view there of Chinese jewels , spoils from the Summer Palace of Pekin ! Booty gained by that happy-go-lucky Captain in the French army, M. de Negroni, who commanded in the regiment which sacked that same Palace of the Chinese Emperors. We should hardly mind 14 the way being, for once, given the sack (thus) ourselves ! What do we see there in that one department alone now actually on view in the Crystal Palace ? Pinchbeck ? Glass beads ? Shagreen ? Tin foil ? Well—instead of that —among other trifles in the way of jewellery, a couple 0 f Diamonds, 50 carats each, each worth £15,0 00 sterling ! A Sapphire, two inches and a half in diameter, weighing 742 carats, valued at (a me re bagatelle!) about £166,000! And so on in regard to other baubles littered about there—a single En* weighing 24 carats, Emeralds like lumps of gree n , light, and precious sto n e s o f var i ous ot h er ki n ds 0f similar splendour in the way both of lustre an d of dimensions. Apart f r o m th ese ki n d of show-marvels, however, there are there, under the crystal roof of the Palace, prominently visib le among the multitude of its decorations' What ? Well, in regard Statuary —copies of al l the rarest Masterpieces of modern times and of anti quity ! In respect to Music—the hugest Orchestra in the World—one of the noblest Organs—and an accumulation each season (take this one as an stance !) of all the most rarely-gifted performers that can be gathered together from both the Opera" Houses and elsewhere, Patti and Titjiens, 11lar 1a and Giuglini, Santley and Ronconi, with a radial )t catalogue of other renowned artistes. Out 0 ' doors—glancing into the gardens—the Fountains' there, are the very largest ever constructed, fa r beyond the Great Waters of St. Cloud and Ver" sailles. Within the building—turning back again for a saunter, let us say, down the Manu facturing Court—one may see any day there! in a single afternoon, in action, the various pro' cesses of pin making, needle making, silk weav: ing, wood turning, medal striking, and so forth It were needless, however, to attempt anything like a succinct narrative of what the visitor may see, if he cares to make use of hi s eyes, i n this departmeu", or in that department, to the right hand or to th e left, upstairs or downstairs, in that marvellou s world of wonders, put, as such wonders ought to be, proverbially, under a glass case—here, as it happen s ' under that most wonderful of all glass cases, th e glass case of the Crystal Palace ! Londoners ar e ' year by year, getting to be more and more familiar with the glory and the beauty of it. And they are now likely, thanks to the e ar ly p rospec t o f th e Level Station being opened opposite the front of th e Centre Transept, they are now likely to be mor e rapidly than ever brought into daily com munica; tion with:this the favourite haunt, a l rea dy, of th e great mass of intelligent Londoners ! So that th e attractions of the Season Ticket, of the Guinea Ticket for the whole year, to the Crystal Palace , are fast multiplying —are, indeed, becoming so veil obvious, at last, that what was recently looked 11 P° 11 as a luxury is beginning to be vi ewe d ra ther iu the light of a delightful necessity. There i 5 now no conceivable reason why every we ll-to -d° household in this vast city o f ours, peopled by three millions of inhabitants, s h ou ld not, for mere h ea lth , 4 sake, for health alike of mind and body, hav e ,: season ticket of it s own to that Sans Souc i o f t' People, the C r y s t a l P a l ace and the Crystal P a lace , Gardens, do wn y on d er i n t h at lovely neigh b our ho° of Anerley, Penge, and Sydenham. VICTORIA LABOUR-MARKET.—The ;umber of 0- migrants who arrived by sea i n Vi c t or i a d ur i ng the gloat', of January last was 2,819, of whom 1,092 were froni United Kingdom. The departures from Melbourne durill the mouth wore 2,036 persons. The rates of wages ill ill ; colony were from £3O per annum for single farm labou r°r to £6O for ma rr i e d l a b ourers w ith ou t c hild ren, a nd fr° it, , £l5 for nursemaid s t o £35 f or coo k s . Th e num ber 0 1 migrants remaining at the Government dep o t i n Mell)O rn° on the 18th of January was 33. dal The Town Council of Rochdale held a meeting on Saturday, to pass a vote of condolence wit l- 1, 0 - widow of their late member. It was st a t e d that the o .l ' ior tion had prevented this step being t a k en at all " r t ivg period, but the speeches which were made at the met showed how sincerely the memory of Mr. Cobden ` V ` revered in the borough. Th e i THE IRISH REPRESENTATIVE PEERAG , - , • - " iise a election of a representative p eer t o fill th e v acancy c a l' o by the death of the Earl of Desart has commenced. to understand that two candid a t es are i n th e field—V'larl Gort, representing the Con serva ti ve i n t eres t ; an d the,_, v a of Listowel, the Whig int eres t. Th e l as t t en elections ;co passed off without a contest, none having taken plac h ° Apra Lord Talbot de Mal a hid e ' s unsuccess f u l con t e st Bangor.— Dublin Zvening is ; de i fe e a c son Par Thl rile ( tehi Th and 11 geld. Th to_d a capit Ilegot ti ons Lay° D u ereas, for re "Pee" 2 50,1 rate 0 Years Mr. cial lic The Stock The Passed Rase the seta Reso ullotrae The aPpoin New to b e r At tel eg . ra Plat. Th e Izated has tak °f the 9 xPalasi Atneri c state 51 4 1 i ,1 Lo jeeci to 88,