The Sun. — London, England, 1865-09-01 00:00:00

AMERICA. (From the Correspondent of the Times) PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 18. The news from America this week is a budget of bank robberies, forgeries, failures, swindles, and murders. The country has exceeded itself, and has produced of each class of crime an example of the most stupendous character. Of course, business is deranged, credit is broken up, and every one is on the look-out for a panic. The firm of Ketchum, Son, and Company, of New York, has long been known as a thrifty and sound private banking house. Morris Ketchum, the head of the house, has for years been a shrewd, observing, and cautious business man, who has devoted all his time to money making, and has been very successful. His son, Edward R. Ketchum, although regarded as avari cious, was the envied of all Wall-street. Both of them during the war were intensely loyal, being prominent members of the Loyal League, and fore most in branding as malcontents and traitors all who raised a voice against the prodigality of the Treasury and the misconduct of military opera tions. The eldest Ketchum was an intimate friend of Secretary Chase, and his confidential adviser, and it is reported, with strong probability of truth, that Morris Ketchum was the real parent of the green back issues._ The younger Ketchum was the cause of the fall of the house. He went deeply into stock speculations, and lost enormously. To make good his losses he gradually abstracted from the fire- proof room of the firm the stocks and bonds de- posited there as collaterals for loans. He was deeply involved in the gold speculations of the day, and some two months since applied at the Bank of New York to open a gold account in the name of Charles Graham and Co., well-known brokers in Wall street, whose business he managed temporarily. The account was, of course, opened, and young Ketchum received a check-book containing 5,000 bank gold checks, each for $5,000. This book re- presented the enormous sum of $2,500,000, and, of course, gave him unlimited command of money. The manner in which the gold business is carried on in New-York is very simple. To avoid constant handling of the gold it is deposited in bond, and is transferred from seller to buyer by means of these checks. To make the transfer complete, the signa tures of the bank teller and register, the drawer of the check, and sometimes the endorser, are neces sary to be affixed to the check, and one would sup pose that this was ample protection against fraud. But young Ketchum surmounted these obstacles, and for over two months forged all the names to the checks, and raised money on them. Charles Graham and Co. were ignorant of his operations, yet so careless were they that they received over $250,000-worth of his check, with their own forged signature attached, without recognizing the fraud. The Bank of New York received a similar amount, never discovering the counterfeited name of their teller. Ketchum continued his operations until the 14th of August, when, finding he could carry his enormous losses no longer, even by forgeries, he ab sconded, taking with him $60,000 in greenbacks. Before departing he left a letter for his father, in which he admitted his crime, and asked his father to provide for his -wife and child, very coolly saying that he had provided for himself ! Like all our de faulters, he will, no doubt, endeavour to escape to Europe. Of course the house of Ketchum, Son, and Co. failed, and Charles Graham and Co. suspended immediately afterwards. Graham and Co.'s loss is placed at $280,000, while the loss of Ketchum & Co. is said by the elder Ketchem to be $5,000,000. lie announces his ability to pay 50c. in the dollar, and both houses have made assignments for the benefit of creditors. The Bank of New York will be able to tide it over, its loss of $250,000 being more than covered by the earnings of the past six months. Of course this gigantic swindle in New York has broken up all business arrangements, and the panic is extending all over the country. Every man looks upon his neighbour with suspicion, and from all quarters there are rumours of new " defalcations." The appetite for excitement which the war stimu lated so highly is being amply gratified. In addi tion to Ketchum, P. E. Mutnford, another New York broker, has swindled by fradulent checks to the amount of $28,000; and as if the West were de termined not to be outdone in rascality by the East; on the heels of these enormous frauds have come to us detailed accounts of gigantic swindles that have been perpetrated upon the revenue by the Western distillers. A tax of $2 a gallon is levied by the Government upon all the whisky and " high wines" manufactured in the United States. Of course, so onerous a tax puts every one's invention at work to evade it, and so successfully has it been done that for some time past whisky, that is supposed to be taxed $2 per gallon, has been selling in the market for $1 75c. to $1 90c. The Government organised a detective system to discover the frauds, and the entire West was examined. Thousands of barrels of whisky and " high wines" were discovered that paid no tax, and they were seized and confiscated. In Illinois the forfeitures reach $700,000. In St. Louis, St. Paul, Chicago, Dubuque, and all through every Western State, nearly every liquor manufacturer and dealer is implicated. Many have runaway, and cannot be found, and their effects have been seized to await contingencies. The strangest possible hiding-places were selected for the whisky barrels. In one instance 425 barrels were concealed in coalpits, the mouths of which were walled up, and the barrels inside embedded in earth and coal. Smuggling from Canada has been carried on to an enormous extent, and so great have been the frauds, that it has been demonstrated that, while $28,000,000 were collected during the last fiscal year, when the whisky tax was $1 50c., not more than $12,000,000 will be collected in the current year, although the tax has been increased to $2. The consumption of whisky in the 'United States is about 80,000,000 gallons annually, and this tax should produce $160,000,000, instead of the paltry $ 1 2,000,000 that will be col lected. The enormous frauds and the small amount of tax collected are striking commentaries on our revenue system. Whisky is taxed too high, and though one half a man's stock is annually confis cated, he will still reap an enormous profit if he de frauds the Government out of the tax on the other half. If he is honest, and pays the tax on all, he will lose money, and had better abandon his business. Connecticut, it seems, is emulous of the fame of her New York neighbours, and although she cannot produce a financial crash of hugeproportions, having exhausted herself by the Townsend Savings bank swindle at Newhaven, she does what is worse, and gives to the general budget a singularly horrible railroad accident. On August 15 a freight train was disabled near Bridgeport, on the Housatonic River Railroad, and a passenger train following was com pelled to stop and back towards Bridgeport. About this time some of the railroad officials, who were, experimenting with a new engine, came rushing; along the road from Brid geport, and met the -pas senger train. The engine struck the hind car, split c ar; and in half, passing through it and into the second a and then, just as the engine was stoppin g , the boiler r; burst in the midst of the passengers, scattering their mangled bodies and the fragments of the car on all sides. A more diabolical affair can scarcely be imagined. Twelve passengers were killed out right-11 were so dangerously wounded that they are not expected to survive, and 15 others were scalded and severely bruised. Scarcely a pas senger in either of the cars escaped without in jury, and although the horrible nature of the affair has made every one's blood curdle, it will be forgotten, as every other crime in this country is, and no one will be punished for causing it. The next sensation that arises will con sign the Housatonic Railroad slaughter to oblivion. American politics are fast becoming a subject of deep interest, and in a very short time we shall again be in the midst of the turmoil of an election contest. Negro suffrage will be the great dividing line of parties, and the reconstruction policy of the President will be the shibboleth that tests the true friend of the Government. The President will not falter in punishing any office holder who does not say " amen" to his policy. In New York the Cus tom-house is filled with the bitterest Radicals, who advocated negro suffrage, and condemned Johnson's reconstruction policy a little too long. The collector and naval officer have just been turned out, and the subordinates have discovered, to their ()Teat sorrow, that even repentance will not save them. From the character of the men selected to supersede these officers it is evident that the President intends to cut loose from the Radical Republicans, and draw around him the Conservatives. The new collector is Preston King, an ex-United States Sc nator, who has always opposed the Radicals, and is known as a Free-trader. In old times he was a Democrat. The new naval officer is Moses F. Odell, a member of the last House of Representatives, chosen by the Democrats. Odell was a M'Clellanist in the last Presidential campaign. As Johnson sees the drift of the Southern States, he will gradually become more decided in his expression of Conservative opinions, and will not mince matters with the Radicals. The Democratic Convention of Maine, the first Convention that assembled, has given an expression of Democratic opinion which indicates the ground upon which the party stands. The resolutions were adopted with great unanimity, and have met with approval from all parts of the country. They ex- press profound gratitude to God that the war is over, and advocate the banishment of its bloody and barbarous spirit from the country. They assert that it is the duty of the Federal Government to re-establish at the earliest moment and with the least possible interference the true constitutional relations between itself and the Southern States, and that each State should be the judge of its own electors ; and they endorse the President's recon struction policy. Upon this ground the Democracy will fight the Fall campaign against the Radicals, and no doubt before long, will be in direct coalition with the Conservative Republicans. In New Eng land, the Radical Republicans, who control all the Conventions, are directly at issue with the Presi- dent, both on account of the leniency of his recon struction policy and his opinions adverse to negro suffrage. The Democrats, although they endorse both of these, do not fully support him, however. He will not secure their friendship until he changes his Cabinet and puts a stop to all military inter ference with elections. In Ohio, the Republican candidate for Governor, General Cox, by his repeated speeches against negro suffrage, is giving his party a great deal of trouble. The Convention that nominated him supposed they did a very neat piece of diplomacy by avoiding the negro, but the General has spoilt it all. There is some talk of nominating a Radical candidate for Governor, many preferring the division and defeat of the party to the triumph of such heretical opinions. The current set strong in this direction, but the party managers hope to check the defection until the election is over. After that, they say, the split is inevitable. Judge Dickson, who framed the no-policy resolutions of the Convention, is" out" in a letter condemning Cox's principles, but saying he will vote for the man! He says that Cox belongs to the Calhoun school, and continues—" Perhaps if General Cox's views are sound it would have been the part of wisdom, as well as humanity, for us to have paused before we freed the slave, and exposed him to these perils." Pausing would certainly have been very wise, but American Abo litionism never pauses. It is always on a rush. In Ohio, if the Radicals would only be quiet, they would secure the election, but the New England journals are urging them to desperate measures. The Hartford Press, a Radical organ, expresses the genuine New England opinion thus : Cox shows himself to be a narrow-minded politician. There is no difference between his position and that of the most bitter democrat. He does not represent Ohio ; and if the Republican party do not repudiate him and nomi .. nate another candidate, they deserve the defeat wo trust they will meet. Outside of Yankeedom negro-worshipping is uphill work, and General Cox has no doubt laid an anchor to windward. Democratic arms are open to wel come him. • In Kentucky it is at length settled that the De mocrats have carried the State by about 5,000 ma jority; that they have the majority of the Legisla ture, thus securing a United States' senator ; and that five out of nine Congressmen are Democrats. In Minnesota the Democratic Convention met on the 16th of August. They resolved to sustain President Johnson, and reaffirmed the principles laid down by the Maine Convention, with the addition of a resolution expressing their anal terable opposition to a protective tariff. A partiality for free trade characterises both parties in the West. The Republican Convention of Pennsylvania met yesterday, and its doings may be considered as de fining the position of that party in the Middle States. The question of negro suffrage, as in Ohio, was avoided, and the resolutions adopted endoise Johnson's policy, compliment Edwin M. Stanton, and recommend the confiscation of the property of all Confederates with more than $lO,OOO to pay the war debt and pensions. They also advocate a higher protective tariff, endorse the Monroe doctrine, and say that soldier's should be chosen to fill all the offices. The conflicting reports that have been published about Cabinet differences on the reconstruction question have led to an announcement officially " that there is not now, nor is it believed there will be, any substantial difference between the President and his Cabinet with regard to the restoration of the Southern States," and that the President will pursue without change the programme of restoration already begun. Coupled with this is also an official statement about the trial of Jefferson Davis. Some of the Cabinet are unwilling to try Jefferson Davis for treason, and the President declares that if he is tried it shall be before a civil Court. These differ ences of opinion have prevented the trial from being ordered before this, and, as they are now as strong as ever, no doubt the same uncertain state of affairs will continue for some time. There are still rumours, however, that the trial has already been ordered. Three of the children of Jefferson Davis, and his mother-in-law, passed through New York State this week on their way to Montreal. The entire family is very destitute, and $6,500 have been raised in Washington to relieve the necessities of Mrs. Davis, who is still in the South. Very little that is new has been developed in the last few days in the South. The Mississippi Re construction Convention has been in session for several days, and is composed of 88 delegates, all Southern rights men, and numbering among them nearly all the leading men of the State. No law has yet been passed by the Convention ; but an ordinance ratifying all judicial decisions, judg ments, decrees, contracts, &c., made during the war has passed a first reading. A law prohibiting the Legislature from imposing any disability, or punishment, cr forfeiture of estate upon any citizen engaged in the war against the United States, or for political opinions resulting therefrom, was hailed with great favour, and immediately passed a first reading. A petition was presented praying that steps be taken on behalf of Jefferson Davis and Governor Clark, and ordinances were intro duced abolishing slavery and providing for an elec tion of State officers on the first Monday in October. The proceedings of the Convention indicate the course that will be pursued by all the Southern States. As the delegates show a very independent spirit, and do not seem afraid to avow their friend tary step i n. friend ship for th e l ate C onfederacy, it is feared the mili and summarily close their pro ceedings. The President, however, will be far too wise to all ow such o interferenc e ,.. as it will do no good and only provoke hostility to him. I n Al a b ama the officers appointed by Governor P arsons are qualifying themselves in all parts of the State and military rule is gradually di sappearing. In Arkansas the same gratifying restoration of th e civil power is observable. In Tennessee the military rule con tinues as strong as ever, but a sign of its coming fall is evident, in an order just promulgated, dis solving all the courts-martial now sitting in Middle Tennessee. From Louisiana it is reported that busi ness* is very active, and the receipts of cotton at New Orleans are largely in excess of the demand. The country is very quiet, and General Can by has just issued an order that all soldiers who wish to re main in the South shall be mustered out at such places as they may select. In Georgia the military are still engaged in meddling with things that do not belong to them, as the following very foolish pronounciamento shows : - - - • - " Head-quarters Department of Georgia, office of the Provost -Marshal General, Augusta, Georgia, Aug. 3. " Orders.---Telegraph operators, express agents, post masters, forwarding merchants, common carriers, and rail road agents are notified that they will not forward or deliver messages, goods, wares, merchandise, or mail matter to any person whomsoever within the department of Georgia who has not taken the oath prescribed in the President's pro clamation of amnesty, of May 29, 1865. " Any violation of this order will be punished by a for feiture of all rights to transact business with this depart ment by the offending party, and by fine and imprisonment. "By command of Major-General STE EDMAN." This is the only instance of military officiousness that has been reported within the past few days. In Richmond, on the 15th of August, an arsenal ex ploded, destroying $lOO,OOO worth of military stores and killing two men. Tobacco-smokers will no doubt take a hint from another item reported from Rich mond. An enterprising Yankee has collected 6,500 bushels of tobacco ashes from the burnt district, and has shipped them in a schooner to send to the North, where they are regarded as valuable for fertilising purposes. The negroes still cause trouble. It is positively asserted in the North Carolina newspapers that there is not a single citizen of that State who favours negro suffrage. In Florida, however, under Federal aus pices, the opposite appears. In order to elect a Mayor for Fernandina whose views coincided with theirs, the military permitted all negroes to vote who cast a ballot for the military candidate. Ten negroes voted where one white man did ; the Mayor was chosen, and the first precedent for negro suffrage in the South was put on record. Whether it will hold good, however, is quite a different question. Troubles between the negroes and planters are reported from various parts of the South. In Ala bama and Mississippi it is said the blacks are mur dered and their houses burnt, and that the woods are filled with refugees who have fled there for safety. Twenty-five Mississippi planters are under arrest at Vicksburg for maltreating their negroes. In North Carolina great cruelties are sometimes practised upon them, and in Virginia some cruelties are reported, but the statements are generally of an opposite character—that the negroes, refusing to work, are roaming about the country in• armed bands, stealing whatever they can lay their hands on, and that the troops (also negroes) wink at these outrages. The great anxiety of the negro to imitate the white man has set the quack medicine vendors at work, and accordingly a compound has been in vented to turn black men white. Our newspapers are filled with the following advertisement:—• " All Negroes Notice. You Can Become White.— Levere's recent discovery will remove the pigmentary de posits from the skin, changing the darkest complexion to a bright olive in the course of from three to ten weeks. This compound is free from all poisonous and irritating quali ties, and although its effects are rapid, yet it is perfectly harmless to the skin." As many of our whites in America, by their politi cal views and general habits, show a strong desire to become negroes, there is no doubt that it would be equally profitable to invent a specific for turning white men black. Ford's Theatre at Washington is being converted into a fire-proof building, in which all the captured archives of the Southern Confederacy will be kept. They will be under the charge of Dr. Francis Lie ber, of New York. On the 17th of August, the shock of an earth quake was felt all along the Mississippi river. The shock was light, and did very little damage. The Confederate privateer Shenandoah, when last heard from, was reported to be steaming towards Cape Behring, in the Kamtschatka Sea, and it was feared great havoc would be caused among a fleet of 40 American whalers that are cruising in that latitude. Naval and Military Intelligence. ---- -- ..q, Her Majesty's screw steam frigate Bristol, 39, 3,027 tons, GOO horse power, in charge of Capt. L. E. H. Somerset, which has undergone thorough re pairs, both in hull and machinery, in Sheerness dockyard, and been fitted for the first division of the steam reserve, has been taken into No. 3 dock to be fitted with a new poop and flag accommoda tion. The necessary additions and alterations will be completed iu about a month, when she will be placed in commission, and carry the broad pennant of Capt. G. T. P. llornby, as commodore of the first class. The Bristol is to take the place of the Rattle snake, 21, screw steam corvette, Commodore Wil. mot, C. 8., on the west coast of Africa. The screw frigate Arethusa, 35, 500 horse power, Capt. R. J. J. G. Macdonald, which so narrowly escaped destruction by fire on the recent occasion of her official trial of speed at the Maplin Sands, is undergoing a complete overhaul and repair to both hull and machinery, which will detain her in har bour for several weeks to come. During the time she is under repair the opportunity is taken of effect ing some desirable alterations and improvements in her machinery. The Arethusa was to have joined the Octavia and the Constance, the other frigates selected to make a series of experimental trials in the Channel several months since, but in conse quence of a series of mishaps and breakdowns she has been detained in the Medway during the whole cif the summer. Just as she was on the eve of start ing for Portland to join the other vessels composing the squadron the fire broke out on board which at one time threatened such serious consequences. The old screw liner Cornwallis, 200 horse power, converted several years ago from a sailing ship to a screw steamer, since which time she has not moved from her moorings in the Medway, has had the whole of her machinery and boilers removed and one of her decks cut down preparatory to being secured and sunk alongside the jetty, near the entrance to the steam basin at Sheerness, in order to facilitate the operation of taking ships in and out of the basin. The whole of her internal fitments have been re moved, and she is left a complete shell. The paddlewheel steamer Barraconta, 6, 300- horse power, fitting for the North American and West India station, is being prepared for sea by the shipwrights and riggers at Sheerness dockyard. She is now having her standing wire rigging set up, and the mechanics are busily employed in overhauling her engines and machinery. The War Department vessel Inkerman arrived at Woolwich arsenal yesterday from Chester, laden with 120 tons of returned stores. She met with a succession of contrary winds and calm, and was 20 days out. She spoke the Morning Star, of London, on Aug. 21st, nine days from Liverpool, bound to the West Coast of Africa. She was encountered off Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel, and requested to be reported all well, but with contrary winds. A new steam pinnace, intended for her Majesty's ironclad steam ram corvette Pallas, was yesterday launched at Woolwich, and went down the river from the dockyard on a trial of her machinery and speed. The engines, which were supplied by Messrs. Mauds lay and Co., and were in charge of Mr. Warrener, are of the nominal power of eight horses. In yes terday's trial they made 342 revolutions, with 601 b. pressure steam. The mean speed of six runs was 6.795. The draught of water was 2ft forward and 3ft aft. The size of cylinder, sin. in diameter; length of stroke, 6in. It appears that wehave now resolved to imitate our French neighbours in all that may be likely to benefit the service, and are now fitting our line-of-battle ships with these useful steam launches, which are to carry 'a couple of guns each, fore and aft, and which willprove most formidable in shallow waters out of range of ships' guns. Her Majesty's iron troopship Dromedary, Master Commander Allard, was yesterday hauled out of basin at Woolwich, and went down the river on a trial trip. She is now about to load at Deptford with provisions for the West Coast of Africa, where she is to relieve the iron storeship Wye, Staff Com mander Valentine Roberts. Yesterday a detachment of 90 non-commissioned l o tGl ffl ine c al e rd rnsfsa,and men of the I s t b a t ta li on C o ld stream nunder Barracks,the command Sheet-street of Capt. Windsor, and left marched to th e s t at i on of the London and South- Western Railway, whence they left by the 2 30 p.m. train for Vauxhall, en route for New Chelsea Bar racks, whither the rest of the battalion proceeds to day (Friday) at 9 o'clock. The 2d battalion Grena dier Guards, from Aldershott, march in to Windsor to-day. It was Capt. Henry Nangle, of the 15th Regi ment, and not Staff-Surg. Nangle, who embarked with other officers in the Himalaya on the 28th of August. TEE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 1, 1865. Highway Robbery and Attempted Murder near Dublin. On Tuesday night, as a man named Joseph Cummins and his son were bringing home to Garristown their empty carts, after delivering two loads of hay in Dublin, a man came up, seized the bridle of his first horse, and called upon Cummins to deliver up his money. The de mand met a refusal, whereupon the man took a revolver from his breast and fired at Cummins, the shot taking effect in the left eye. Cummins then jumped off the cart, and as he approached received another shot in the left thigh, within an inch of the femoral artery. Cummins closed with him and seized him by the collar, whilst his son, a fine intelligent boy of about 15 years of age, laid vigorously about his head with the butt end of a whip, in flicting severe punishment, under the effects of which the ruffian fell to the ground. During the struggle a third shot was fired from the revolver, which grazed one of the fingers of the assailant's left hand, and passed harmlessly over the shoulder of young Cummins. The elder Cum mins, who is a powerful man, although suffering from the wounds in the eye and thigh, succeeded in keeping the man down whilst his son ran to the nearest police-station for assistance. On arriving at Finglass Constabulary Bar racks he reported the occurrence—whereupon Constable O'Neill, with Sub-Constables Vaughan, Kelly, and Willis, at once proceeded to the spot, Constable O'Neill pressing into his service a hackney car which he found driving along the road. When the party reached the place indi cated they found Cummins still keeping the man beneath him, but in such an exhausted state that only for their timely arrival he would unquestionably have been obliged to release his hold. The prisoner was very seriously in jured about the head and face. There was a large wound on the top of the head and other wounds. A portion of the head was also beaten to softness. The right ear, the eyes, and the forehead, presented a shocking spectacle. On being questioned he stated that he was a native of Spiddal, in the county of Galway, but had been brought to America, when an infant, and that he had resided there ever since. He had lived in the Confederate States, he said, and was understood to add that he had served in the Confederate army. Constable James Kane, of the Clondalkin constabulary, had a report made to him by a cardriver, named Edward Sherlock, badge No. 1,469, to the effect that between 8 and 9 o'clock on the night of Sunday last, a man, whom he did not know, employed him at Sackville-street to drive him to Dolphin's-barn. On arriving here, he desired him to drive along the Cruralin-road. This he did for about a mile, when the man ordered him to stop. He got off the car, and retired to the side of the road. On returning, the carman saw him put his hand to his breast, and take out a pistol. The pistol he put to Sherlock's face, and com manded him to deliver up his money. On Sherlock refus ing to do so he, still holding the postol to his face proceeded to search his pockets, but could only find 6d. He then forced Sherlock from the car, told him to stand back, and drove off in the direction of Dublin. The car and horse were found next morning at Donnybrook by the police, who put them into livery. On hearing of the arrest of O'Flynn at Finglass, constable Kane procured the attendance of Sherlock, who fully identified him as the man who had robbed him. The other case was that of Thomas M'Kenna, badge 2,172, who was hired at Dominick-street, by a man whom he to-day identified as O'Flynn, and desired to drive to Blanchards-town. On the road he attempted to plunder him, but, very fortunately, was not successful. The unfortunate man Cummins, who is in extreme poverty, and has a family to support, was visited this morn ing by Dr. Tuffnell, who was humanely sent for by Capt. Lindsay, and by Dr. Fleming, whom Mr. Fennelly called in. The report is not favourable. It is Tiestionable whether the balls can be extracted, and neither gentleman will apparently pledge himself to the poor man's ultimate recovery. Early in the afternoon he was removed to the Richmond Hospital, where he at present lies. Captain George H. Lindsay, J.P., D.L., held an inquiry into the circumstances of the outrage, on Wednesday, at the Glasnevin Police Barracks. The prisoner, who seemed extremely weak, and was ac commodated with a seat, was committed for trial at the next assizes. British Archaeological Association. NEWCASTLE, Wednesday. The ruins of the Priory Church of Lindisfarne, or Holy Island, possess from their historical associations an interest which attaches to no other ecelesiasticsl remains in the north of England. Here was the oldest monastic church in Nor thumberland, founded in the first half of the seventh cen tury, by St. Aidan, a monk of lona. Earlier in the century, when Edward was King of Northumbria, and had agreed that his wife Ethelburga, should enjoy the free exercise of her religion, Paulinus was sent there from Kent, and was consecrated missionary bishop in 625. His arguments and the influence of Ethelburga induced the King to abolish the Pagan worship and undergo baptism at York, which then became the seat of a bishopric. When Aidan was I invited to Northumbria Christianity had become almost extinct there, but his piety and zeal made converts far and wide, and Bade says that in seven days he baptised 15,000 ' persons. He built a rude church at Lindisfarne and estab lished a Benedictine monastery. His successor, Finan, upheld the celebrity of the new church, and baptised there Penda, King of Mercia, and Segbert, King of East Anglia, who sought for and obtained missionary priests from Lindisfarne to spread the Christian faith throughout their dominions. But the prime glory of the island was St. Cuthbert, who was first prior, then withdrew to a hermitage on the neighbouring Fame Island, and at the request of King Egfrid became in 685 Bishop of Lindis farne. The see was then endowed with the whole city of Carlisle and other land, and as St. Cuthbert enjoyed the repute of performing miracles, even raising the dead and turning water into wine, the monastery became celebrated all the country through. Worn out at last, the saint again retired to Fame, where he died and was buried in the stone coffin given him by the Abbot Tuber, wrapped in the sheet presented to him by Virca, Abbess of Tynemonth ; and 12 years afterwards his body, which had been placed near the high altar near Lindisfarne, was found unchanged, as though he was still asleep. In proof of his popularity, it is said that 40 churches in the north of England were dedi cated to him; and Guthred and Alfred granted inviolable sanctuary to any place wherein St. Cuthbert's bones might rest, giving also to his successors the sovereign power of the Crown in respect of the land held by them. It was thus that, when the see of Lindisfarne became merged in that of Durham, the Bishops ruled there as Princes Palatine. Egfritb, who was Bishop of Lindisfarne at the end of the seventh century, wrote here the well-known " Durham Book," now preserved in the British Museum—a Latin translation of the Gospels, which is splendidly "illuminated by Bilfrid, the hermit, and interlined with Saxon by Aldred, the priest..' There is a record of at least one Saxon King who became a monk here. In 793 the Danes landed and pillaged the cathedral, and upon a second visit they destroyed it, the monks flying from the island with the bones of St. Cuthbert and of other saints. In 1093 a Priory Church was erected upon the rains. Here, remote from the turmoil and the cares which beset those monastic communities which enjoyed greater power and more central situation, the monks gave themselves over to works of piety and benevolence, and in the reign of Henry 11. their com munity was known as " The School of Saints." An inte resting series of "Account Rolls" of Lindisfarne remains at Durham, from which, says Mr. Gibson, " we may read the story of the house from year to year, and see the monks at their employments —at one time dispensing a yearly income equal to £2,000 in our money, and at another, by the failure of crops, reduced to the low ebb of £32. They maintained a great sea fishery, and sold to their brethren at Durham porpoises and other fish, then esteemed as delicacies for episcopal feasts. They protected and never presumed to destroy those eider-ducks, of which Fame had ever been the abode—a bird about which they cherished the harm less superstition that it had been miraculously preserved since the days of St. Cuthbert." Even the Scotch ma rauders respected the sanctity of this retreat, and fore bore to molest the monks who dwelt there. But at the dissolution of the monasteries the Priory Church, like the cathedral which had preceded it, fell into decay, and the ruins crumbled above those of the Saxon foundation. It was to inspect these remains that the archreolog:sts set out on Tuesday morning, and on arriving at Belford station, on the North-Eastern line, were taken in carriages across the sand "links" which skirt the Northumbrian coast opposite Holy Island. At low tide there is a ford which may be waded, but it is hardly necessary to say that the party, which numbered several ladies, preferred the ferryboats, for which they furnished re munerative empl&yment. Arrived at the ruins, Mr. Edward Roberts pointed out their most noticeable fea tures. He said that the plan of the church remained much the same as when it was originally built, the main renovations change having been made at the east end,where the apsidal The" p re remainssbyt "presbytery" has th e been old w o convertedrkare mixed nt up o rectangularawith choir. which are recognisable by the most inexperienced eye, but enough exists intact to show that the arrangement was cruciform, the nave only having aisles, and the eastern end of both choir and aisles were with semicircular apses, a plan purely basilican, and probably like no other in Eng land of which we have any remains. There appears to have been a gallery for women rather than the ordinary triforium on either side, and no clerestory. These galleries, from some slight remnants at the ends, were pointed to as probably being simply arcaded, in the manner of the early basilicas. The whole building was of nearly one date, and showed fewer marks than usual of the gradual con struction from east to west ; the date was about 1090 to 1100. The rich west doorway was probably an after thought, and comparison was made between it and the arcade of five arches over it, the centre opening being wider than the others, and having (though undoubtedly Norman like the rest) an almost Saxon appearance. The choir extended as far as the west pillars of the intersec tion, and was very small. This portion had undergone the greatest alterations, the east window and two side windows having boen inserted more than a century later, as were also an aumbry and piscina. There were no stone sedilla. The indications of the varying levels of the groining of the vault show that the high altar stood just to the west of the higher level, and beyond, eastward, would be the Lady Chapel. The side apses would have shrines, one being that if St. Cuthbert. Attention was called to the evident effects of the pressure of the vaulting on the walls, a very usual result in Norman buildings, whose walls, even with the later adoption of the slight projections—the rudiment of the buttress—were insufficient for the enormous thrust of the barrel vaults which covered the more important build ings. These walls are eonsiderabby inclined outwards, and clearly show the cause of the fall of the vaulting. Of the conventual buildings little remains, but the few walls show their extent. They were on the south side of the church, and appear to be unusual in extending southward instead of eastward from the prior's lodgings. The interior is now roofless; and of one side of the nave with the aisles only the base of the columns remains, and the tower is gone. The spoiler's hand has, indeed, been laid heavily upon the structure : " Has worn the pillars' carving quaint, And mouldered in his niche the saint, And rounded with consuming power, The pointed angles of each tower." The adjacent parish church is of about the year 1200, with later additions. The chancel has been recently re stored with great care, so as not to destroy the original features. The early lancet windows are retained on the three sides, and the walls, though rechiselled, are not con cealed by modern plaster. This morning the Congress concluded its round of ex cursions by visiting the remains of .NorhamCastle, a border stronghold in Northumberland, which is said to have been built by the warlike Bishop Flambard in 1121, and restored by Bishop Pudsey after its partial destruction by the Scots. The date of the erection of the great tower has been ques tioned, but Mr. Roberts assigned the remains to about 1150. As the castle belonged to the See of Durham, no baron lived there ; but it was the constant scene of border war fare, and was besieged on several occasions by the Scotch, and was sometimes taken. Edward I. frequently visited it, and John Balliol swore fealty there. The visitors were conducted to the castle by the rector of Norham, the Rev. Mr. King, under whose guidance they also inspected the church, which contains some handsome Norman arches with zigzag work, and has rece tly been restored with good taste. After luncheon at Mr. Ki g's the Congress was declared at an end, but a few of the embers, headed by Mr. Roberts, resolved to cross the rder and try to " view Mel rose aright." A more successful meeting has never, perhaps, been held by the association. Thanks to Colonel White, the chairman, to Mr. Fowler, one of the secretaries, and other active members of the local committee, the arrangements at Durham were complete, a point of great importance at these meetings. It would be unjust also to leave unnoticed the tact and good humour of Mr. G.Wright, secretary of the Junior Athenteum Club, who had charge of the general arrangements of the Congress, and was able to smooth over many difficulties. The local hospitality was unbounded. Then almost every village in the district is classic ground. It has its ruined chapel or ruined keep, or is connected in border minstrelsy with some wild legend. For all these reasons the choice of Durham was a happy one, and the Congress there will long be pleasantly and profitably remembered. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIDIES.—No one has paid any attention to the government of India without coming to the conclu sion that our Eatern Empire is too big and too far off to be ruled with success by any single authority. We at home have long since come to the conclusion that we had better abstain from interference except upon rare occasions, and that then we should con fine ourselves to the enunciation of principles, and not venture upon the elaboration of details. It is often difficult to determine where principles end and details begin, but we have on the whole succeeded in making the distinction, and we have undoubtedly been stimulated to do so by the sense that no admi nistrative ability could rule India from England. The men who are to hold the chief offices in the East are chosen at home, and are sent out with some general instructions for their guidance, but a wide latitude is allowed to them in interpreting them. All this is perfectly understood, but it is not sufficiently acknowledged that India is as much too big for the Governor-General in Council as it is for the Secre tary of State at home. Two papers recently issued from the office of the Secretary of State for India strikingly show the amount of chance that exists in the Indian Government. They give the results of so-called reproductive works undertaken in different parts of the Empire, and it is impossible to look at them without perceiving how much the success or failure of these works has depended upon the good or bad choice of the officer of Engineers who con structed the one or the other of them pretty much on his own responsibility. One of these returns re lates to the reproductive works undertaken in the Presidency of Madras. The figures contained in it are not altogether trustworthy, for the accounts upon which it is based are, as often happens in India improperly made up; but, after making every al lowance for errors, enough remains to strike us with astonishment. It is evident that there are almost unlimited opportunities for the construction of pro fitable works if they are properly planned. The re turn is made up in the following fashion :—ln the first column is a statement of the actual amount standing to the debit of the capital account of each work—that is to say, the total sum expended on its construction, less such portions of it as have been written off from time to time on 'account of the de terioration of the work by wear and tear. The next columns contain the net profit or the net loss for each year, after deducting from the income actually received interest at the rate of 4 per cent. on the capital standing to the debit of the work, and also the estimated deterioration. The last column gives the aggregate sum of profit and loss realised from the work in question. Thus we have, with reference to the Godavery Anicut and its sub sidiary Works in the year 1862-3, the following figures : Capital. Year's Profit. Aggregate Profit. £337,750 £145,992 £949,839 the meaning being that the actual sum expended on the Anicut up to 1862-3, after allowing for dete rioration in the work, was £337,750, the profit in that year upon this capital was £145,992, and the total sum returned to the Government by these Irrigation Works was £949,839. The only objec tion to this statement at the first sight is that more than 4 per cent. ought to be charged by way of interest on capital expended. The Indian Govern ment pays its creditors more than 4 per cent., and it ought to charge at least as much as it has to pay. A more serious objection, however, appears when we examine the way each year's profit is calculated. This is got at by deducting from the revenue re ceived from all the land irrigated by the Anicut the average revenue of the same land in the five years previous to its construction, and the balance, less the allowance for interest, &c., is all put down as the profit of the Anicut. It is obvious this is much too favourable a mode of calculation. The land revenue or rent may have risen, and in fact has risen, from circumstances quite independent of the improved irrigation of the land; prices have gone up in Madras as in the other Presidencies, and rent has risen with them, 'although more slowly. The Indian Government, in attributing to its Irrigation Works the increase of its land revenue, has acted as a landowner would who, possessing a farm near a rising town, should attribute every in crease of rental to his expenditure upon drainage. 'The true plan would have been to ascertain, from the comparative rentals of lands which had not been benefited by Ir rigation Works, how much of the increase in the land revenue where they existed was directly due to them, and how much to the general progress of the country, and until this is done a certain suspicion hangs over the Returns. We may, however, be satisfied that a considerable part of the increase is due to Irrigation Works, and the increase is such that ample allowances may be made for other causes. Thus the Godavery Anicut, as we have seen, re turned in one year a profit of £145,992 on an out lay of £337,750, or 43.2 per cent. ; an Anicut in South Arcot, which cost only £11,647, brought in in 1862-3 a profit of £39,924, or 342 per cent. ; in another case £8,215 produced £lO,lBO, or 124 per cent. ; and an Anicut in Tanjore, which cost £23,956, returned £175,090 in 1858-9, or 730 per cent., though it must be added, the profit on this Work fell in' ater years to 265 per cent. These are among the most profitable Wo.ks in the Madras Presidency, but most of the Anicuts in it have been more or less profitable, and those which have re sulted in losses have, with the single exception of the undeveloped Works in the Coimbatore district, only small balances against them. There is enoughvariety to show the existence of chance in the Public Works of India, but the Engineers of M a d ras h ave , on th e whole, been able and successful. Simultaneously, however, with the Madras Return has been issued an account of the Canals in the North-Western Pro vince, which tells a very different tale. Among them is the notorious Ganges Canal, upon which alone ' more than two millions of capital have been sunk, with such results that in 1862-3 the - expense of its management and maintenanance exceeded the in come by £17,860. This unhappy canal, with a discharge of a cubic foot per second, irrigates on an average no more than 77 acres, while the East Janina Canal irrigates 236 acres ; and the con sequence is that, instead of the loss on the Ganges Canal, a capital of £143,449 sunk in the East Jumna produced a net income in 1862-3 of £11,871, or more than 8 per cent. The incomes of these and the other Canals in the North West are made up of actual payments by the cultivator of the soil of so much per acre for the irrigation done, and in this respect the administration of these Provinces has an advantage over the Madras Presidency, but otherwise the Canal accounts of the North-West appear to be in the greatest confusion. The sums levied by way of charge for irrigation vary consider ably, the work done is extremely irregular, and though it is difficult to discover what is the cost of manage ment in each case, it is sufficiently evident that it is out of all proportion to the income received. The Governor-General in Council has already ordered many important reforms to be adopted in the Pro vinces with the hope of obtaining some return from the Canals for the capital spent on them ; but the faults of construction of the Ganges Canal threaten to prove a source of constant expense, and to thwart every effort of the Administration. There cau no reason in the nature of things why Reproductive Works undertaken in one province of India should be eminently successful, and in the next as eminent failures, and we are driven to the conclusion that the diversity of results is directly due to the diver sity of skill in those who plan them and superintend their construction. The Governor-General in coun cil is obliged to trust to subordinates, and the latter are not always of the same ability. The enormous profits which are derived from works properly con structed may, however, point to a way of escaping from the dilemma of doing nothing or of working in the dark as to results. There seems no reason why Irrigation Works in India should not be under taken by incorporations of capitalists, just as rail ways are. The experience of the last few years has, indeed, shown that in India itself there is great readiness among the wealthy natives to combine to gether for the prosecution of any work that pro mises to be profitable, and with a little encourage ment at starting private enterprise would take up the work of irrigating the peninsula to such an ex tent that the Imperial Government might almost retire from it. Some jealousy might at first be felt of intrusting such important works to independent speculators, but jealousies of this kind are fast pass ing away, and the development of Irrigation Works would be one of the best possible means of making English capital useful to India. HERALD.—The minor German Powers, on whom rests so large a share of the responsibility of the Danish war, are by no means content with the solu tion of the question which Prussia and Austria have offered them. The two latter States have not only eaten the oyster and given Germany the shell, but they have completed their repast in a manner so os tentatiously contemptuous of the sentiments of every German who is not a Prussian or an Austrian, that the outsiders are beginning to feel anxious about their own rights, and to look with grave misgivings on the brilliant example of successful force which Herr Von Bismarck has been setting them. As yet it is true the two great German Powers have only profited at the expense of the foreigner, and that foreigner the weakest and most disliked of all their neighbours. For, although indirectly, the Duke of Augustenburg has been quite as much despoiled of his provinces as the King of Denmark, his sove reignty never actually existed. But when the Fede ral Diet is quietly ignored, and the claims of the pretender in whose cause the war was actually un dertaken are snuffed out, with as little consideration as if neither the Diet nor the Duke were in exis tence, we can understand that the petty potentates, who have so long played off Austria and Prussia to their own advantage, and who evidently hoped to make them their mere tools in their aggressions against a neighbouring State, already scent mischief in the air, and feel the necessity of some kind of action to avert the distant but still threatening danger. The truth is the real union of Austria and Prussia means unmistakeably the reduction of the power, if not of the pretensions, of the rest of the German Confederation to comparatively insignifi cant proportions. And if it be true that that union has been cemented by them which confirms Prussia in the undisturbed possession of the territory wrested from Denmark, and gives to Austria a Prussian gua rantee for the security of her non-German provinces, then the rest of Germany may reasonably feel some apprehension. Bavaria has been the first on the present occasion to sound a note of alarm, if not of absolute defiance. The official organ of the Bava rian Government announces that Bavaria is no party to the policy of the great German Powers upon the Schleswig-Holstein question; that she will oppose it in the Federal Diet ; and that she still maintains the right of the Duke of Augustenburg to the sovereignty of the Duchies. Whether the other minor states will follow her example remains to be seen. The organ of Von Beust in Saxony used remarkably strong language a week or two since in regard to the ambitious projects of Prussia. Possi bly the example of Bavaria may stimulate the Go vernment of Saxony to a similar course of action, and Wurtemburg is tolerably certain to follow suit. We shall then have a strong opposition in and out side the Federal Diet, and the result of the divided councils can hardly be very satisfactory for any one of the powers engaged in the spoliation of Denmark. We cannot say we sympathise with the opposition. Neither Prussia nor Austria are primarily responsi ble for the aggression upon Denmark. Both powers have in their turn incurred considerable unpopula rity in resisting the aggressive fever which possessed Germany, and nowherp is their inaction so violently censured, as in Saxony and Bavaria. If, after all,- the result of the war is to strengthen the two great powers at the expense of the rest of Germany, the rest of Germany has only its own crooked and foolish policy to thank for the unpleasant change. One thing is certain, the opposition will effect little. Prussia is not likely to relax the hold she has gained on the Duchies. She has fleshed her sword, and felt her strength. She has apparently made Austria safe. She has no fear, as she might have had some years ago, of a coalition between the small German States and a foreign power. The time is gone by for that. So she may proceed quietly to digest and assimilate her spoil, while Bavaria and Saxony amuse them selves with empty protests, which can only serve to bring every day into stronger relief the fiction of power they exercise in the councils of the Diet. At present the Schleswig-Holstein question appears to have received a definite solution. We see, or think we see, the end of it. - Whether from its ashes there will not arise .a serious complication in the internal affairs of the German Confederation is a question on which every one who watches the tendency of poli tics in Germany must entertain very grave doubt. THE CONDITION OF SIGNOR GIUGLINI.—The Diritto of the 25th August gives the following sad account of the great tenor's state of mind :—" Poor Giuglini ! the first physicians have examined him, and there remains no longer any hope of his cure. This famous tenor, who held so long the first rank at her Ma jesty's Theatre, has still, indeed, a ray now and then of reason, but it is only of short duration. Three days ago two Italian gentlemen whom he hadknown at Milan came to see him at the house of the doctor who has the care of him. Giuglini Was sitting upon a couch, in a dressing gown, with a portion of 'Faust' in his hands. When they entered the great singer rose to meet them, grasped them by the hand, and spoke for 20 minutes about London, Paris, Naples, and Milan. During the conversation ho expressed himself with clearness and good sense, and nobody would have thought the unhappy man was mad. No sooner, however, did one of the Italians pronounce the words St. Petersburg' than his eyes began to glitter and stare, and he said in a strange tone to his old friends, ' Will you go to the opera to-night ? I will find you seats.' The Italians humoured him, and said, Yes ;' whereupon he gave them each a chair and went out of the apartment. By-and bye he returned in the costume of Gennaro, and sang in his own sweet manner the romance, Anch io provai le tenere.' Then he went on all alone to give the last scene; his chest heaved, his face was lit up with pleasure ; his voice, plaintive with sighs, struck pity to the mind as he sang, with extraordinary tenderness, the words— ' Madre, se ognor lontano Vissi did materno seno A lui unisca Iddio.' After that he stood up to his full height for a moment, his arms I grew rigid, and he fell flat like a man struck by lightning. The medical attendant was summoned directly, and found Giuglini in a state of the most complete prostra tion : nor from that time has he as yet recognised ani one." ELECTION OF LORD MAYOR OF LONDON.—The ceremony of electing a Lord Mayor of the City of London, in succession to Mr. Alderman Warren Stormes Hale, the present chief magistrate, will take place on Fri day, the 29th inst. Those members of the Court of Alder men who have passed the shrievalty are alone eligible, and those who have not passed the chair stand in the following order :—Mr. Alderman Benjamin Samuel Phillips (Farring don Within), elected 1837 ; Mr. Alderman Thomas Gabriel (Vintry), elected 1857 ; Mr. Alderman William Fernley Allen (Cheap), elected 1858 ; Mr. Alderman John Joseph Mechi (Lime-street), elected 1858 ; Mr. Alderman Abbiss (Bridge Within), elected 1859; Mr. Alderman James Clarke Lawrence (Walbrook), elected 1860 ; Mr. Alderman Thomas Dakin (Candlewick), elected 1861; Mr. Alderman Besley (Aldersgate), elected 1861; Mr. Alderman Lusk (Aldgate), elected 1863. Mr. Alderman Dakin and Mr. Alderman Besley are the present sheriffs, but their term of office will have expired before the election for the mayoralty. The other aldermen below the chair, Messrs. Gibbons, Waterlow, and Stone, not having been sheriffs, are ineligible for the office of chief magistrate. The ordinary course pursued at such elections is for the livery to return the names of the two senior aldermen below the chair to the Court of Aldermen, who select one as the new Lord Mayor, and the Court of Aldermen almost unanimously select the senior of the two. In the event, therefore, of the old custom being adhered to, Alderman Phillips will be Lord Mayor of London for the year 1865-66. The livery may, however, return any two of the aldermen below the chair if they please, and an elector may, if he is so disposed, nominate the present Lord Mayor for re-election, or any alderman who has passed the civic chair in addition to those returned by the livery. This was recently done when Alderman Cubitt was proposed for re-election in opposition to Sir Henry Maggeridge, who was the first in order below the chair. When three are nominated in this way a poll must take place, and the Court of Aldermen make their selection from the two who re ceive the largest number of votes from the livery. CRYSTAL PALACE.-- ONE SHILLING DAY, Thurs day, Aug. 31.—Admissions on payment, 7,998; ditto by season tickets, 2 ,lsB—total visitors, 10,156. The Kurd6r by Germans at Stratford. Yesterday morning Jacob Brenner, aged 24, and Charles Heins, aged 24, on remand for feloniously cutting and wounding Joseph Kuchen, aged 40, a master cabinet maker, were again brought up at the West Ham police court, before Major Suart and H. C. King, Esq. The unfortunate man, Joseph Kuchen, having died on Tuesday night in the London Hospital, from one of the wounds received, the charge was altered to one of wilful murder against Jacob Brenner, whose eyes were much blackened and swollen, said to be received in the fearful affray in which he was engaged. Mr. Standage said he should ask their worships to re mand the case till after the inquest, but as there was no case against Heins, he should apply for his discharge. Mr. John Schwytze was again sworn as interpreter, and the depositions already taken were again read over. The depositions taken stated that Leonard Kuchen saw the stabs inflicted in the arm. The witness wished them to be corrected, and for it to be stated that he only saw the stabs. The witness added he was quite sure he saw the wound inflicted outside the house in the belly, which the medical gentleman, Dr. Mugliston, said was the dangerous one. It was done by Jacob Brenner, and ho was wrestling with the deceased. The stab inflicted in the belly was given after Brenner had his hat. He did not see Heins till after his father was stabbed the last time. In answer to the prisoner Brenner, the witness said ho was quite sure he saw blood on him. Prisoner Brenner—Did you see any knife in my hand ? Witness—l did. I saw it glare in the light. The following dying declaration was then read. (John Klaiber, K, 312, in this case acted as interpreter) : " London Hospital, August 29, 1865. "I, Joseph Kuchen, residing at No. 1, Edith-cottages, Chandos-road, Stratford, New Town, believe I am dying, and wish to make the following declaration—Yes. I know Brenner and Heins. Brenner was going with me about 11 o'clock on Sunday night last. Brenner had a quarrel with my son about three weeks ago, and while in the workshop on the Sunday night in question, without saying anything to me, he took a knife from the carpenter's bench, and stabbed me in the abdomen and on the arm. I never gave him any provocation to strike me. I always thought him a quiet man. He worked for me. I never had a quarrel with him before. I had been drinking with Brenner, and believe he was drunk, but I was sober. I did not know the reason he stabbed me, unless it was on account of the quar rel he had with my son about three weeks ago. I always behaved very kind to him, and paid him for what he did for me. I know nothing of Heins, nor did he strike me. (Signed) " JOSEPH KUTCHEN. " Before George Welland;Mackenzie, Stephen Standage, and John Klaiber." The Bench—Were those depositions taken before a magistrate ? Mr. Inspector Standage—No. I received information from the hospital that the man was dying, and I went to the Thames Police-court. I saw there a magistrate, and he he told me that as the case had been heard before an Essex magistrate the deposition had better be taken before one. I told him I should have to go to Woodford, or to Chigwell, and perhaps before that the time the man would be dead. He would not go, and I took the deposition without. The prisoner Heins was then discharged, and placed in the witness-box. He said he had lodged for a week with Brenner at Kitchen's house. He, on Sunday night, went to the railway station to see a friend off in company with Kuchen, Brenner, Mrs. Kuchen, and Leonard Kuchen, the son of the deceased. Mrs. Kuchen and her son went home, and he, witness, and Kuchen, senior, and prisoner, went to have some beer. When they got home the deceased man pulled the key of the door out of his pocket and then pushed Brenner into the house. He, witness, then said to Brenner, " Let him, Kuchen, alone, he is drunk." Brenner then wanted to get through the window into the cabinet shop. He eventually went through, and he, witness, then saw the father go to him, and the father and Leonard, the son, beat him. Leonard Kuchen, the son, then threw the pri soner's hat through the window, and Brenner then ran away. He then heard Mrs. Kuchen say her husband had got stabs in the arm. This was all he knew about it. The case was then adjourned. COUNTRY MARKETS BIRMINGHAM-THURSDAY. At this day's market there was a large supply of wheat, on which a decline of is per qr. had to be submitted on all descriptions to effect sales. Barley nominally unaltered. Oats 6d per qr. higher. Beans and peas continue scarce. Currencies :—English wheat, white, 45s to 508; red, 39s to 48s per 36 stone. Malting barley, 30s to 358 ; grinding, 22s to 25s per qr. Oats, 24s to 30s ; Irish, 21s to 24s per 30 stohe. Beans, 42s to 45s ; and peas, 40s to 42s per qr. BRISTOL-THURSDAY. At our market to-day English wheat was in moderato supply, and the trade dull at last week's prices. Foreign in large supply, and sold slowly without alteration in value. Malting barley inquired for. and is per qr. dearer. Grind ing held for rather more money, which checked the de mand. Oats sold slowly at 6d per qr. reduction. Indian corn and beans 6d per qr. higher, with a fair inquiry. NEWCAS TLE-ON-TYNE.—T UESDAY. Thero was a small supply of wheat from the growers, with a moderate arrival from the coast and abroad. The trade ruled firm, but where business was done holders had to submit to last Tuesday's prices for both English and foreign. Barley sold slowly 6d to is per qr. cheaper. Oats in fair demand at late rates. Beans and peas scarce. Flour in fair request at is advance. MANC HES TER- THURSDAY. Our market this morning was fairly attended. English wheat, both old and new, met a steady sale, the former bringing extreme prices. Foreign fully as dear. The de mand for flour limited ; holders, nevertheless, firm. Oats the turn higher, and oatmeal advanced is per load. Indian corn no change. English beans brought is per qr. more meney. BURY ST. EDMUND'S-WEDNESDAY. The supply of wheat good, the condition moderate, and all the driest sorts taken off at last week's prices. Little old wheat offering ; the few samples which changed hands realised an advance of is per qr. Talavera, wheat, 45s to 50s ; red ditto, 88s to 42s ; barley 30s to 325; secondary ditto, 27s to 29s per qr. averages :—Wheat, 469 i qrs, 46s 2d ; barley, 42k 26s 3d ; oats, qrs, —s Od. EDINBURGH—WEDNESDAY. At to-day's market supplies were small. Wheat sold at is over last week's prices. Average prices. Wheat, 45s 7d I Oats, 26s Od Barley, Bos 1d 1 Beans 43s 9d Wheat on the top, la Od up average, 1s id up. Barley on the top, 1s Od up average, Os 4d down. Oats on the top, Os 9d down average, Os 2d up. Beans on the top, is Od down average, is 3d up. Total supply and sales. Wheat 6lB qrs Mold 467 Barley 440 qrs sold 840 Oats 668 qrs .sold 640 Beans 69 qrs sold 68 Town-made flour sells as follows :---White, 40s Od ; extra superfine, 38s Od ; superfine, 36s Od ; fine, 34s Od. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton... "Sept. 18. Ditto, via Marseilles Sept. 12. Brazil and Cape Verde. by British pao.. et Sept. 4• - Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and at Helena...-Sept. '4l. China, Penang, and aing,tpore. via Sou hampton Sept 1. Ditto, via !Kamailea - Sept. 12• Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton..., Sept. 1. Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. Sept. 12. Ditto, via uarseilles .. . Sept. 4. Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Mansell es... Sept. 4. Newfoundland s. It I Sept. IL Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon.. United states and British North America, by Bri tish packet .......5ept. 7. Ditto. by United States packet, via Southamp tun Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry Sept. 1. West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Tenerife Sept. 10. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico . . Sept. •—• Bahamas, via New I ork. Sept. 2 3 Bermuda, ditto . Sept. 21. Cuba and Mexico Aug. --'• Births, ETHELSTON.—On the 80th ult., at Hinton, Salop, the wif. of R. Peel Ethelston, Esq., of a daughter. FORSTER.—At Bradford, the wife of Major Forster, BO Regt., of a son. HARPER.—On the 30th ult., at 12, Oxford-terrace, 'Vi e ; park, Mrs. Georg e H arper, F a i rfield House, Suffolk, ° son. Marriages, COPE—HATJTENTILLE.-011 the 30th ult., at St. George' `' Dublin, Sir Willia m H. Cope, Bart., of B rams hill, 1101 . 0, to Henriette Margaret, second daughter of Robt. J 3f1.131 Hautenville, Esq., of Vesey-place, Moukstown, county Dublin. HENDRY—HAIMSWORTII.-011 the 30th ult., at Sr. mia ll Avenue-road, Regent's-park, Thomas Hunter Esq., of Abingd o n-st ree t, W es t m i ns ter, and Clifht©r r road, E., St. John's-wo o d, t o S ara h Anne, only dauffht° of the late Charles Harmswo r th, Esq. , St. John's-vroou Deaths. CARTWRIGHT.—On the 29th ult., at OswestrY, Pep los Cartwright, Esq., aged 65. CURTEIS.—On the 30th ult., at Shelton Rectory , Mrs. Margaret Curteis, aged 103. DOWELL.—On the 29th ult., at Eglesfield House, Yattent near Bristol, John Dowell, Esq., aged 69 .. MomToN.—On the 30th ult., at Folkestone , the lion. Oa' Reynolds Moreton. Of PHILLIPS.—On the 30th ult., George Ph illi p s, Streatham-park, Surrey, aged 76 . Norfolk. London : Printed and Published by WiLLLiM N ENV S' of No. 112, /Aran& Punter, at Tnz Sum 4•111^e, 112 i Strand, in the Precinct of the Nuvoy, in the County Middlesexv—Friday, September 1, 180, _-