The Sun. — London, England, 1865-06-19 00:00:00

THE UNITED STATES. (From the Correspondent of the Times.) PHILADELPHIA, June 5. The condition of the South is just now the sub ject engrossing all the public attention of the United States. It has been but a short time open to free travel, and the report of tourists coincides with that of the very few Southern journals still in existence in representing the condition of the country as de plorable in the extreme. The means of communi cation between different portions of the South are almost destroyed. The people are sent back to the old-fashioned roads of a day gone by, for where the railroads and canals have not been destroyed by raids they have been almost completely worn out by the constant wear and tear of the last four years, during nearly all the time being deprived of repairs on account of the impossibility of procuring mate rials to make them. The canal running between Richmond and the western part of Virginia was completely broken up for a good part of the distance by Sheria An's raiders, and but feeble efforts are made to restore it. The Southern rail roads are deplorable, only the Great Trunk lines were maintained in anything like order ; but so great was the exhaustion of the country that had the war continued six months longer they would have broken down and no trains could have passed over them. When the blockade became stringent all the branch railroads and side roads were aban doned, and their rails and ties taken to repair the msin lines. Even this resource ultimately ,failed, and the main lines were gradually worn out, until now it is only at the risk of destruction that a train goes at a higher speed than five miles an hour. The rolling stock is as bad as the roads. They have worn out together. The worst feature is that none of the Southern railroad companies have any money. The control of most of the roads has been given by the Government to their owners, but they are per fectly helpless. They have plenty of Confederate money, but this has now only the value of waste paper. The consequence will be that many of them will be in the New York, or perhaps English, market at an early day, for loans to place the roads in order. The condition of the railroads represents to a great extent the condition of the entire Southern country. Scarcely any grain crops were planted this season and the harvest will be small. In Southern Vir ginia, Eastern North Carolina, South Carolina, Northern Georgia, and Mississippi, and along the banks of the Mississippi river, the ravages of war have made the country a desert. Even the richest inhabitants of those regions have scarcely enough to eat. In many sections the entire population sub sists on food furnished daily from the Government depots of supply. Many parts of the country, espe cially the interior of Georgia, Alabama, and Missis sippi, have not been touched by the war, and suffer „little else than from a great scarcity of labourers. The suffering from a want of food will last in many places until next year, for no crops were planted this season. Added to the want of food is a want of money and clothing. The people have scarcely anything but Confederate notes, for the reported hoards of gold have in many cases proved a myth. Their clothing is only the coarse brown homespun that once was worn only by their slaves. In Southern Virginia and Eastern North Carolina the relief from the scarcity of food will come earlier than elsewhere. The people have sown large crops of wheat, which are now ripening. The great staple of the South, however—lndian corn—is scarce everywhere. In many places the negroes have refused to la bour, and military compulsion has been foundneces sary to force them back to the fields. Their idea of liberty is basking in the sun and having all their wants provided. Had the military officers now stationed in all the cities of the South chosen to en courage this, famine would have stared every one in the face. Happily a different spirit animated them, and the negroes were returned to labour. Every negro is full of the idea that he has been emancipated ; and this has suddenly made them irksome under restraint. The white people are uni versal in their expressions of satisfaction at the end of the war, and are anxious for the return of civil government, even at the cost of parting with their slaves. These sentiments have been expressed in public meetings at many places. There is very great insecurity of person and property at pre sent. Many parts of the South are in a lawless con dition. Thousands of paroled soldiers and deserters roam through the country, plundering without stint. They carefully avoid the garisoned towns, but rob houses and steal horses in the open country. It is impossible to control these marauders. The poor farmers are helpless. Patrols of cavalry sent every where are the only means of ridding the land of such pests. It will thus be seen that the condition of the South is deplorable indeed. Its restoration to pros perity and peace is the problem to be solved. In Virginia Governor Pierpont has lately made a very sensible speech, and it has disarmed a great deal of the :opposition which was growing against him. Without advancing a single Radical notion, Pier pont says he will only labour to restore the State to order, and as soon as the machinery of Government is in operation, will resign and allow the people a free expression of their choice for governor. There is some hope that Pierpont will do what he pro mises, and will forget the impracticable notions of his party. Pierpont says all the State banks of Vir ginia will have to be closed. They cannot redeem their notes, and the heavy United States' tax on their circulation will gradually drive the banks out of existence. All the public schools in Virginia have been broken up ; the system has gone to pieces be cause no money could be given to support it. There are but few gleams of brightness in the channels of Southern trade. It is said the people of Northern Alabama have been able to purchase the cargoes of two steamers sent from Cairo, Illinois, and have shown money in unexpected abundance. From all other parts, however, the reports are of an opposite character. Telegraphic communication is now opened with all the large Southern cities, and mail facilities will soon be offered to the people. Until the railroads are repaired, however, the latter must necessarily be limited. Northern merchants are anticipating a brisk trade in the fall, but the more cautious say they can see very little to warrant it. The Government is labouring as earnestly as possible to open the South, and as the people universally desire a return to the old system of peace and industry it will not take much time to discover what sources of trade there are in the South. The promised official statement of the public debt has at length been published. It gives the amounts as they were on May 31, and is as follows : Amount bearing interest in coin... ... $1,108,113,842 0 Amount bearing interest in paper ... 1,053,476,371 0 Amount on which interest has ceased ... 786,270 0 Amount without interest... 472,829,270 50 Total debt ... $2,635,205,753 50 Cr. Coin interest raper interest ... $64,480,489 50 ... 60,158,380 52 Total interest Amount of le l ... ... ... ... $ 124 , 638,870 02 Amount o Money in oga thn der notes in circulate... 659,1 60 , 569 requisitionf not yet called for ... 40,150,000 31n Treasury excluding these requisi tions ... As the Government 25,000,000 payilienta is aboutour m in its months behind hand,for f that is, as the bills against it for furnishing stores, t four months and other expenses of the war, for abou. back, have not there been presented, because no money in the Treasury to pay them, and these $300,000,0 00 , the real debt of e th amount to about the United States on June 1, 1865, may be placed at three m illions of dollars. Subscriptions are thousand tll re ceived for the 7.30 loan, an d money is " taken on deposit by the G overnment at all the assistant treasurers' offices throughout the country. Six per cent. interest is paid for those deposits. The debt has not yet reached its maximum, for the ablest financiers express the opinion that the receipts from customs and internal revenue will be by no means adequate to pay the interest on the debt and the current expenses of the Government. It is esti mated that between the legal tender notes, the notes of national banks, and the issue of State banks, about $1,000,000,000 of paper money are floating about the country. For about $880,000, 000 o f this the Government credit is pledged. The English quotations of Government loans now exert great influence upon the market here, and capitalists anxiously await the news by each steamer. It is reported that large quantities of the v fous loans are being sent from Europe to Americ to be sold, and the financiers are quite excite out it. At present prices much profit can be realis( d by buying the bonds at the English price and selling them at the American one. It is also reported that several millions of the bonds were sent abroad by American bankers, but the prices not warranting their sale they have been returned. There is a general belief here that the American price of the bonds must decline. Movements tending to reconstruction are pro gressing in nearly all the Southern States. As the policy determined upon for North Carolina will be the policy for all the States, we everywhere hear of meetings approving its liberality. President John son wishes to be lenient. He commuted the death sentence of the Indian conspirators to an imprison ment for life, and gave Mr. Harris, of Maryland, a full pardon to prove his leniency. The Radical Republicans are already declaring against him, and the Northern Democracy are universally for him. It is the general opinion that had M'Clellan been elected measures more favourable to Democratic views could not have been expected even from him. The amnesty proclamation is regarded as too sweeping in its exception, but opposition to it has been disarmed by the statement that President John son does not include the Confederate armies of others in these exceptions, as he considers them already disposed of by the terms of their surrender. If this is so, he should have announced it in his pro clamation. So far as the Confederate officers and men are concerned, their treatment thus far has , been in full accord with the terms of surrender, and no one molests them. General Lee still has hisfree dom in Richmond, and the rumours of his intended arrest Are all dissipated. In Virginia the conflict between Governor Pier point and the newly elected Legislature will probably retard reconstruction. It seems to be determined that Pierpont will refuse to recognise the Legisla ture because the electors had not taken the amnesty oath. He will declare their seats vacant and prevent their meeting, and will have an adequate military force to do this if necessary. Although Pierpont's speech at the outset of his career at Richmond was lenient and Conservative in every other respect, it indicated no spirit of compromise in this matter. Though there may be trouble in Virginia, however, the rest of the South moves harmoniously. From all parts of North Carolina that we have had ad vices since the issue of the reconstruction procla mation the universally reported opinion of the people is in favour of it. Mr. W. Boyce, an ex-Congress man from South Carolina, has been in consultation with the President and urges reconstruction in that State. Governor Brown had consulted him about Georgia. On May 30 a large public meeting at Savannah approved the President's policy, and urged the appointment of a provisional Governor for Georgia. As Governor Brown is released from confinement and seems to enjoy Johnson's confi dence, ii is reported that he will be appointed Go vernor. The delegation of citizens of Alabama, appointed at the meeting of the people of their State, held at Montgomery, waited upon the Presi dent onJune 2. He refused to allow the Confederate Legislature to be called together, but said he would appoint a Provisional Governor, as in North Caro lina, and the duty of the Governor should be to call a State Convention for reconstruction as soon as possible. The Confederate Governor Magrath, of South Carolina, about May 18, issued a proclama tion stating that his executive functions had ceased and the State was under the control of the United States forces. Magrath was arrested at Columbia, South Carolina, on May 27, and is now on his way to Fortress Monroe. President Johnson has not yet announced his policy about Mississippi. The committee sent from that State has not yet reached Washington. Nothing is indicated about Florida, Louisiana, or Texas. In Louisiana the amnesty oath has been promulgated, and those not under disability are taking it. In Tennessee, which already has a Northern Government in operation under Parson Brownlow, a bill has passed the State Senate de priving all who gave the rebellion aid and comfort of the right to vote for six years. The question of negro suffrage is to be decided by each State for tself. The amount of cotton now held by the Govern ment in various parts of the South is stated on good authority to be about 350,000 bales. This is all the cotton known to exist there, and part of it is claimed by loyal residents of Georgia and Alabama. It is to be shipped north as soon as means of transport can be provided. There his been no report yet of the cotton west of the Mississippi. From Massachusetts we have information that the manufacturing com panies are preparing to start a portion of their works. Scarcity of labourers, however, is a great drawback. Weavers are in great demand in all parts of New England. Jefferson Davis has not been brought to Wash ington, as was reported. He is still at Fortress Monroe. It has been arranged to begin his trial for treason in the Court at Washington about the 19th June. Charles O'Connor, one of the most eminent New York lawyers, has sent Mr. Davis a letter asking permission to defend him. No answer has yet been received. The Government seems to have abandoned the charge of assassination against Mr. Davis. All the evidence has been taken in the con spiracy trials, and the suppressed testimony has been published. The evidence against Mr. Davis is of the weakest possible character, and would be scouted by the whole country, were it in a condi tion to judge freely. This week will be consumed in the conspiracy trials by the arguments of the counsel. Howell Cobb reached Washington to-day in cus tody. The Confederate Generals Hood and Heth have taken the oath. It is stated that Longstreet has applied for pardon under the amnesty procla mation. General Weitzel's Twenty-fifth Corps (Negroes) sailed last week for Texas. The transports will stop this week at Mobile for supplies. The Government has decided to retain the Pro vost-Marshals in all the States except Rhode Island. There is a Marshal in every Congressional district. The same system will be extended to all the South ern States. The use of these officers, now that con scription is abolished, it is difficult to see, unless it be to maintain an espionage upon the people. It is stated that the British Government has given notice of claims against this Government for damages to its subjects arising from the war. It is also re ported that the British Government has refused to discuss or even entertain the claims made for inju ries to American commerce by the Alabama. One class of claims will offset the other. It is reported from Mexico that Marshal Bazaine's force, which is to invade Chihuahua, numbers seve ral thousand men, and is well on its way. There are rumours of an alliance between Maximilian's Government and Guatemala. The Federal armies are disbanding at the rate of from 5,000 to 10,000 a day. About three-fourths of the blockading squadron is being laid up in ordi nary. In publishing all the suppressed testimony in the conspiracy trials the Government has shown its hand against Davis. Scarcely anything is produced, even by the most important witness, Connover, an ex-New York Tribune correspondent, that implicates him. The petticoat story, too, is dissipated by Col. Pritchard. On the 3d June Pritchard, who was Davis's captor, was at a public meeting in Philadel phia and made two speeches. Although the petticoat story was pointedly alluded to by others, Pritchard made no allusion to it. It is said that Connover, the witness who claims to have been in the plot, and who swore point black against all the Canada agents, has suddenly disappeared, and cannot be found. It is at length settled that Secretary Stanton is to leave the War Department. His resignation is said to have been already handed to the President. There bareecralneld, rumours that th tha e t tainmeexitsranost indicated essionof . Cgr oness will VOLTAIRE, DIDEROT, AND D'ALE3IBERT.—At a sale which occurred at Saint-Sebastien a week or two since a copy of the " Lettres Juives" was sold for less than is. 6d., and was found to contain 52 iuedited letters of Voltaire, Diderot, D'Alembert, and their contemporaries. An ama teur of Bayonne heard of the discovery, and gave 2,000 fr. for this promising lot of autographs. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 19, 1865. The Atlantic Telegraph. At length all the preparations connected with the final departure of this great telegraphic expedition are completed. On Wednesday the Amethyst left the telegraph works with the last length of 245 miles of cable on board, and on Saturday the opera tion of coiling this in was begun. This work will probably last till the 22d instant, when the Great Eastern will have in her as nearly as possible 7,000 tons of cable, or, including the iron tanks which contain it and the water in which it is sunk, about 9,000 tons in all. In addition to this she has al ready 7,000 tons of coal on board, and 1,500 tons more still to take in. This additional weight, how ever, will not be added till she leaves the Medway, which she will do on the morning of the 24th, for the Nore, when the rest of the coals and special stores will be put aboard, and these will bring her mean draught down to 32ift. Her total weight, in cluing engines, will then be rather over 21,000 tons, a stupendous mass for any ship to carry, but well within the capacity of the Great Eastern, of which the measurement tonnage is 24,000. Her way out from the Nore will be by Bullocks Channel, which the Admiralty are having carefully buoyed to avoid all risk in these rather shallow waters. Before the fol lowing spring tides set in, about the 6th or 7th of July, the Great Eastern will start for Valentia. There she is expected to arrive about the 9th or 10th, and there she will be met by the two ships of war ap pointed to convoy her—the Terrible and the Sphinx. Both these vessels are being fitted with the best ap paratus for deep sea soundings; with buoys and means for buoying the end of the cable, if ever it should become necessary; and with Bollen's night light naval signals, with which the Great Eastern is like wise to be supplied. To avoid all chance of accident, the big ship will not approach the Irish coast nearer than 20 or 25 miles, and her stay off Valentia will be limited to the time occupied in making a splice with the massive shore end, which for a length of 25 miles from the coast will be laid previous to her ar rival. This monstrous shore end, which is the heaviest and strongest piece of cable ever made, will be despatched in a few days, and be laid from the head of a sheltered inlet near Cahirciveen out to the distance we have stated, where the end will be buoyed and watched by the ships of war till the Great Eastern herself comes up. Some idea of the strength and solidity of this great end may be guessed by the fact that its weight per mile is very little short of half the weight of an ordinary railway metal. For the shore end at Newfoundland only three miles are required, and this short length will be sent in the Great Eastern. When once the splice is made from the great cable ship to the English shore end—an operation which will consume about five hours—the work of laying the cable will instantly commence. By this time every mile of the cable in the three tanks will have been joined up, and at a stated hour, morning and evening, a series of signals will be sent through the cable to the land at Valen tia, and thence to London, giving the latitude and longitude of the great ship, the state of the weather, and the number of miles paid out. The cable will he first taken out from the forward tank, next from that amidships, and lastly from that astern ; and if all goes well the vessels should arrive with nearly 500 miles of cable in her still unused, an excess which is most wisely allow 2d in case of accident. We may add that since the paying-out apparatus has been in work its action has been faultless. Messrs. Can ning, Clifford, and Temple have absolute charge of all the details connected with the submergence. Mr. De Sauty is in charge of the electrical condition of the cable for the makers, Mr. Varley goes to repre sent the Atlantic Company, and Professor Thompson as scientific adviser and referee. These gentlemen, however, are only the chiefs of the various large departmental staffs which will be on board. With regard to the proms of laying, it is hoped the Great Eastern may be kept throughout the whole voyage at a uniform speed of six knots per hour, faster than which it would not be safe, as a rule, to run out the cable. At less speed than this, however, the big ship would fail of steerage way, and with a beam wind would certainly go to lee ward without some counteracting influence. This influence will be afforded, if necessary, by the pad dle-engines, which are to be disconnected, and the efforts of one wheel at either side would be quite sufficient to over-balance the effects of anything but a very violent storm. The latter risk is now literally all that has to be feared. Everything else which human foresight can suggest, either in cable or ships, everything which long experience or scientific progress can devise, has been provided, and the success or failure of this vast expedition is now only a question of weather. On this only doubtful point, therefore, it is gratifying to know that Captain Anderson is sanguine of all doing well. In his experience of many years and hundreds of voyages backwards and forwaids in command of the Cunard liners over this very track of the Atlan tic, he states that in the early part of July it never blows long or strong, and that during that time he had never even heard of any bad weather which could for a moment affect a vessel like the Great Eastern. If these anticipations should prove cor rect—and there are none better capable of forming them than Captain Anderson—and if all goes well, both as to course and rate of steaming, telegraphic communication with the United States may be looked f3r at the latest about the 20th or 21st of next month. Yet, in the estimate of events, it must not be forgotton that, in the last memorable expedition in the Agamemnon, midsummer was fixed on as the time when a storm in the Atlantic was almost im possible, and the records of the Meteorogical De partments both here and in America certainly justi fied such an expectation, as they showed that fOr 50 years no storm had taken place at that time. Yet it was precisely on the 21st of June that the hurri cane with which the Agamemnon and Niagara had been battling for some days was at its height, and those on board the ill-towed Agamemnon, at least, knew not from hour to hour which was to be their last. Most earnestly is it to be wished that on this great occasion the calculation of averages, if not more just, may prove at least more fortunate. As far as regards the cable itself there is absolutely nothing to be desired. The Malta and Alexandria wire was an enormous improvement on that by means of which it was hoped to connect England with the United States. That laid along the Persian Gulf is again a great improvement on the Malta and Alexandria ; while this which is to cross the Atlantic is a still more marked improvement on them all. So exquisitely delicate are the tests that a minute flaw even in one of the four coatings of gutta-percha has been de tected, its place defined almost to a yard or so, and the length in which it occurred at once cut out. It is a singular but significant fact that almost all the accidents and stoppages which have occurred to sub marine cables have arisen from those which have been laid in shallow water. A deep-sea line once well laid seldom or never gives future trouble, ex cept, of course, in those few rare cases where the line has to be taken over ocean depths known to be liable to volcanic disturbances. Thus the deep-sea portions of the Malta and Alexandria line from Malta to Tripoli have, it is stated, never given an hour's uneasiness, while the shallow sections from Bangazi, &c., to Alexandria are constantly getting out of repair. As a set-off to this, however, it is only fair to say that shallow cables may be repaired with as much facility as they seem to break down ; while, on the other hand, the first fault of a deep sea line is, as a rule, its last. At the bottom of the Atlantic it is needless to say that no volcanic disturbances are apprehended. Along the route on which the cable is to be laid the depths vary from 1,500 to about 2,500 fathoms. The dangerous part of this course has hitherto been sup posed to be the sudden dip or bank which occurs about 100 miles off the west coast of Ireland, and where the water was supposed to deepen in the course of a few miles from about 300 fathoms to nearly 2,000. Such a rapid descent has naturally been re garded with alarm by telegraphic engineers, and this alarm has led to a most careful sounding sur vey of the whole of the supposed bank by Captain Dayman, acting under the instructions of the Ad miralty. The result of this shows that the sup posed precipitous bank, or submarine cliff, is a gra dual slope of nearly 60 miles. Over this long slope the difference between its greatest height and greatest depth is only 8,760 ft., so that the average incline is, in round numbers, about 14,5 ft. per mile. A good gradient on a railway is now generally considered to be 1 in 100 ft., or about 53 in a mile, so that the in cline on this supposed bank is only about three times that of the ordinary railway. In fact, as far as soundings can demonstrate anything, there are few slopes in the bed of the Atlantic as steep as that of Holborn-hill. In no part is the bottom rocky, and with the exception of a few miles, which are shingly, only ooze, mud or sand is to be found. As regards the commercial prospects of the un dertaking, it may be stated that the Atlantic Com pany have begun their work under the renewed agreement with the Government for a subsidy of £20,000 a-year, and, in addition, a guarantee of 8 per cent. upon a capital of £600,000. All systems of Government guarantee of this kind are in them selves radically bad, and opposed to every rule of free trade and commercial enterprise. In this case, however, the guarantee is not only at variance with the principles of political economy, but possesses its own special attributes of absurdity. Thus, in return for their guarantee, which is only to continue in force while the line is in working order, the Govern ment demand that the maximum charge for mes sages shall not exceed 2s. 6d. per word. With such a tariff the line would be absolutely choked with messages, and the company, in return for its over work and general maladministration of business, would only receive a revenue of £250,000 a-year. At a tariff of £1 per word, on the contrary, the company, while guaranteeing a message to, and the receipt of a reply from any part of the United States within 24 hours, could with ease earn a re venue of £1,000,000 a year, or nearly twice the cost of the present cable. In fact, the Government gua rantee is only conditional on the line being in work ing order, and while it is so working the company can, for the reasons, we have stated, do ten times better without it. If the shareholders are wise, the sooner they shake off this clog upon their enterprise the better. At present it is estimated that the opera tion of telegraphing can be safely conducted day and night at the rate of from six to eight words a minute. Both Professor Thompson and Mr. Varley, however, are confident that with the new machines they have invented this rate may be increased to nearly 12 words a minute. On this expectation, however, we decline to venture an opinion. The despatch of a message of 100 words through the line to America, and the clear receipt of a similar num ber in reply, will, after the cable has been laid, be accepted by the company as a proof that the wire is in perfect working order, and without further for mality it will at once be opened to the use of the public. Most earnestly do we hope that this greatest scientific undertaking may be followed by the com mercial and political success which the completion of telegraphic communication with the United States must achieve. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. ~--~ THE " SPECTATOR" ON KINDLY TORYISM.—Mr. W. H. Smith, the Conservative candidate for Westminster, has performed, and performed well, a very difficult task. He has contrived, while re jecting noisy Toryism, the creed of the Carlton and the Standard, to reflect that very great and influential body of English opinion which we may describe in the word s qu i escen t Toryism. There is in almost every county and borough of England, perhaps there exists even in Westminster, a large body of voters who usually vote on the Conservative side, who have a strong repulsion from change, who dread constitutional innovation, and who are disposed to look to the past rather than to the future, but who nevertheless are not Tories in grain. Every now and then, convinced by a catastrophe or a leader, they sway heavily round to the Liberals, and, when they do, opposition disappears. They dislike reform pro posals not so much because they are " democratic," as because they think the old Constitution has worn very well, and like an old garment has got easy, and everybody under it seems very comfortable and con tent. If it is clear to them that anybody is not so, then they are willing to abate the discomfort, are sometimes as keenly s y m p a th e ti c t o ma terial hard ship as they are indifferent to hardship of idea. They shrink from a reduction of the suffrage, but will re organise the Civil Service, start at a fancy franchise, but are quite willing to revolutionise the Poor-law, shudder at a workman's demand for a vote, but press into the lobby when asked to protect him from over work. Naturally enough they are as Tories heretical on the subject of education. Your hard Tory, the man whose creed is of the intellect as well as of the feeling, has at heart a dislike of education—doubts whether it does not equalise men too much, questions whether really good people would not be as content with the culture of their station as with its income. The kindly Tory, on the other hand, dislikes and rather dreads ignorance—feels about as good clergy men's wives do about dirt in a cottage, as something unpleasant, which ought to be done away with not only for the sake of the cottager but of those brought into contact with him. He would educate everybody, and but for religious difficulties would not be disinclined to make education compulsory,— indeed has actually done so in all villages dependent upon factories, that is, in half the villages of the North. In ecclesiastical matters the class is, on the whole, for the Church, but thinks a great deal too much fuss is made about trifling differences, and while it would on no account turn the Bishops out of the House of Lords, has a n odd but very pro found dislike to their making themselves very pro minent in it. Mr. Smith reflects these opinions, which scarcely find . expression in the Press,—the Tory newspapers having been for years more violent than their own leaders,—and reflects them very ac curately. He knoNvs l he says, of " no great or w st h in il g e, by in England"—one-fifth of Dr. Simon's account, getting too little to eat—and likes power to be given s th er e io population gr a ie t v io a n ne t e h e e xi " to the man who has something to lose." He does not in politics wish for "sudden or serious changes," but still he thinks that " the system of administra tion requires reform." " There are reforms in our streets which need to be effected ; there are reforms much needed in the dwellings of our poor ; and if I were asked for an opinion I would say that I would much rather the poor should be educated before they were admitted to the franchise than afterwards. In that direction I believe some very useful reforms may be effected ; but I know that the work will be a long and laborious one, and one which cannot be carried out with . much eclat by the reformer." In fact Mr. Smith prepared, if he can, to assist in extinguishing ignorance and pau perism, which we take it would involve a very much greater innovation in this country than even the introduction of manhood suffrage. It is a kindly creed, it is held by l arg e bodies of E ng li s h m en, and it is worth while to consider for a moment whether the Tory party, as a political party, can really claim credit for carrying out a policy such as this, a policy that is which, while refusing to meddle with the franchise, will support education, the social amelioration of the poor, and administrative reform. We scarcely think so. As a matter of fact, all measures for giving assistance to national education have been carried not by them, but by their rivals. It was Lord John Russell who moved the first educational grant ; Liberals esta blished, and their Archbishop worked out, secular education in Ireland ; and it is by Tory votes that the conscience clause, without which education would cease to be national, is endangered. That party is said to be ready even now to give up the national system in Ireland if only it could thereby . obtain Ultramontane support, and the more Con servative a Liberal may be the more certain he is to talk of the " extravagance" of the very limited grant for education. No doubt many Tories, as, for example, Sir John Pakington, are sound on the matter, but as a party it is the Liberals who have carried out the ideas Mr. Smith professes, who have forced education on the half-reluctant upper class, and who have twice defied necessary allies, the Catholics and the Nonconformists, rather than surrender their plans for popular enlightenment. So also with the condition of the condition of the poor. It was the Reform party which carried the new Poor Law, and so saved the country from demoralisation ; which has substituted Union for parochial rating, and so set the labourer free ; which has carried lodging-house Acts, and for hygeine, and which, above all, has accepted the grand principle that the credit of the State may be usefully strained to increase the thrift of the poor. Nothing the Torie s h av e done for a generation will do so much in the end to raise the masses as the opening of State sav i n gs' banks and the establish ment of State insurance-offices, both measures de vised and carried by the Minister whom of all statesmen the Tories regard with the most loathing respect. It is true the Tories have voted pretty readily for the Ten Hour and Factory Acts, but we have yet to learn how much class feeling and class dislike had to do with their votes ; their opposition to the Union Chargeability Bill, and to all sugges tions for the subjection of cottages to strict survey, suggest that they h a d a go od deal. When in 1845 Sir Robert Peel proposed in the interest of the masses to take off that tax upon bread which now seems so monstrous as to be almost incredible, the Tories repudiated him, accepted as their leader the most virulent of his opponents, and would have re jected his measures but for the enormous pressure applied outside. As to administrative reform both parties are equally innocent and equally guilty, neither really opposing any reasonable measures, and neither venturing often to take the initiative. It was, however, the Liberals who carried the in troduction of competitive examinations into the Civil Service, and so threw the bureaus finally open to the middle class, and the greatest reform in departmental management which we have recently seen—the reduction of dockyard accounts to a system, under which a Government yard may gain credit for the cheapness as well as the construc tion of its ships—is due to Mr. Stansfeld, whom the Tories expelled because he happened to number an Italian Red among his friends. Why, then, if the things which Mr. Smith professes to want, and we doubt not really does want, are good, are we to seek for them in the men who will support Lord Derby ? Because they will also resist the extension of the franchise ? That is a good answer fora Tory, but it is a very bad one for a Liberal, and that is the point at which we wish to arrive. Mr. Smith's speech is by far the most moderate one yet made on the Conservative side, yet when all is told his creed is simply Liberalism minus a willingness to include working men in the Constitution, and minus also, we imagine, though he says nothing about it, any willingness to innovate on ecclesiastical discipline. Those, then, are the dividing lines which separate the reasonable Liberal from the moderate Tory, and the Liberal elector who is inclined to vote for a can didate because he professes social objects like his own, must remember that he thereby helps to post pone the enfranchisement he regards as wise, and the religious freedom which he believes to be just. THE " EXAMINER " ON AUSTRIA STILL BEING PROTECTIONIST.—After all the puffing of Austrian progress we have lately had in Parliament and else where, the policy of the Apostolic Empire continues to be in the main what it ever was—inveterate against freedom and invincibly ignorant. The tid ings of the week from Vienna contain two facts which, in themselves, are an epitome of Hapsburg rule. An unhappy Polish gentleman, for many years a distinguished advocate at Warsaw, having been, like althost every man of honour in his coun try, compromised in the late revolt, made his way to England, and after residing here in safety for some time, ventured recently to visit Vienna for the purpose of arranging some family affairs. He was claimed while there as a rebel by the Russian Ambassador ; seized and sent back to Poland ; tried, and, of course, convicted there ; and he is now on his way to Siberia for life. This is a specimen of the advanced:spirit of justice, cle mency, and honour whereof we have been told such flattering tales. Now, as to the progress in fiscal and financial wisdom. An international commission was constituted some three months since, having for its professed object the conclusion of a treaty like that made by Mr. Cobden between England and France. We had indeed little left to concede ; but we were willing to do all that in us lay to increase the interchange of products raw and manufactured, and it was thought worth while by the Austrian Government to amuse ours by offering to receive in conference the Vice-President of the Board of Trade and three other gentlemen as commissioners, to confer with an equal number of Viennese officials on the subject. Mr. Hutt, accompanied by Mr. S. Beaumont, Mr. Lewis Mallet, and Mr. Morier, have spent many weeks in the Austrian capital, but they are now about to return re infecta, being unable to make the slightest way with their impracticable and impenetrable associates. Herr Kalischberg, a politi cian of the Hardwicke or Newdegate stamp, holds the office of Minister of Commerce; and bringing with him to the conference certain spirits as wilful and as prejudiced as himself, day after day he is said to have spent in hopeless wrangling about theories of trade well nigh exploded in all other portions of the world, and in the avowal of a dogged resolution not to entertain any proposal that would directly or indirectly affect vested interests so called. These vested interests all appertain to the German portions of the empire, and the imperial commis sioners were accordingly exclusively German. When a vacancy or two happened accidentally to occur, Lord Blomfield suggested blandly whether it might not be well to have the presence of some one who would represent the interests and wishes of Hungary in the commission. No regard, however, was paid to the suggestion; and after many vain ex postulations andremonstrances, the English commis sioners told their ambassador that they despaired of being able to approach, far less to attain, any practical result. To save appearances, their sittings were last week adjourned until the end of August; but in reality there is no expectation that they will ever be resumed. And all this occurs on the very eve of the announcement of a new loan by Herr Plener, the Minister of Finance, who finds himself unable to make both ends meet without resort to borrowing once more at rates which must, of course, be ruinous, because the Customs do not yield a fifth of what they ought to yield, and because they are sentenced to infertility by the stupidity and obsti nacy of protection. Count Mensdorff is described as having tried to avert as long as possible the con fession of failure in the negotiations for a commer cial treaty, and we see that it is alleged by some of our contemporaries that the Archduke Regnier, the Emperor's uncle, who fills the post of Premier in the Apostolic administration, is a man of somewhat less narrow and bigoted prejudices than Herr Kalisch berg. Be this as it may, we only know for. certain that he has not had the will or the power to over rule his retrograde colleagues ; and that the Vice- President of the Board of Trade has been doomed to have his diplomatic journey for nothing. THE " SATURDAY REVIEW" ON THE ASCOT CUP —For an hour before the race General Peel has been walking almost unnoticed in the paddock. It seems odd that the favourite for the Ascot Cup should ob tain no more attention, but this race is principally for honour, whereas the New Stakes, which precedes it, has a heavy pecuniary value both in itself and as throwing early light upon the chances of next year's Derby. However, the New Stakes have been run for with a result which need not be discussed now, and the two-year-olds, of whom we shall hereafter hear so much, are being sheeted and sent home. Fordham, in the white and crimson of Lord Glas gow, is now mounted on General Peel. The horse is everything in appearance that had been hoped for a year ago. It has been said on former occasions that this magnificent animal Is not exactly what one would fancy for a racehorse; but then he has proved that he is a race horse, so there is no use in saying so again. He has that commanding beauty of look and movement which would rivet attention anywhere. No one who has seen General Peel can forget him or mis take him at a distance, just as no one could forget or mistake St. Alban's, whose shape has been re produced in a son of his who ran to-day in a two year-old race. Custance has ridden Ely in almost all his important races, and the scarlet and black of Mr. Cartwright could not be more ably borne. Ely was called beautiful wherever he appeared last year, and well deserves the title, for a more truly-shaped horse or a more graceful mover never was seen. As he cantered past the stand at Ascot, the admiration of the spectators was expressed by the same hearty applause which greets a favourite actor after an effective scene. This was a genuine testimony to I the power of grace in form and action, for Ely was never puffed like some other horses, and, in spite of his victory in the Champagne Stakes, the public would only have him for the Derby during the pre vious winter at an outside price. The red and blue of Count Lagrange—of which such vast quantities have been manufactured into neck-ties—were worn as usual by Harry Grimshaw, but he has succeeded Edwards in the mount on PAM de l'Air after the mare's great days are gone. She gallops well, but her action is not so much admired as it was a year ago, and she looks small and slight by the side of Ely, and still more when compared to General Peel, upon whose large and well-knit frame any such weight as Bst. 101 b. ought to be a trifle, while Fille de l'Air will hardly live under her corresponding weight up the Ascot hill. The ground is as hard as it can be, but here are three first-class horses, and good legs and feet will carry a horse over any ground. The lead was taken by Oppressor from the start, and he held it past the stand, and all round the course into the straight, having run in front for upwards of two miles, and almost until he could run no longer. When he was done with, Fille de l'Air was done with also, and at the distance-post there were but two horses in the race. The three three-year-olds and the French mare were all too much beaten by pace and weight to struggle up the hill, but Ely was going well, and appeared to have the race in hand until opposite the stand, when General Peel was sent out by Fordham with so much force and freshness as to look as if he could not lose. The General had been ridden judi ciously throughout. He is not the best of stayers over a distance, but he is capable, when not ex hausted, of showing wonderful speed at the finish of a race. Accordingly, Fordham saved him as far as possible until .near home, and came with a rush when there was barely enough of the race left to win it in. Many people thought that he had won upon the post, and some, perhaps, may have thought that he could have won if he had begun a trifle sooner. But looking at what occurred afterwards, it is pro bable that Fordham did the best he could in making a dead heat of it. The other horses were out of the race. As 6 to 4 was laid on General Peel for the de ciding heat, it is probable that his backers thought he ought to have won before. As might have been anticipa:,ed from the known quality of the horses, Custance took the lead from the start, with Ely, while Fordham kept General Peel as far as he dare behind. In this order they ran all round the course, and at the turn into the straight Fordham was near enough to his opponent to play the same game over again, if he had had under him the necessary mate rial. But either strength or heart was wanting, for General Peel, when called upon for another rush up hill, declined absolutely to make it. He may have felt that he could not win, and that it was of no use punishing himself by trying ; but one cannot help wishing, for Lord Glasgow's sake, that the courage of his splendid horse were not so largely qualified with discretion. When Tim Whiffler was running off his dead heat with Buckstone for the Ascot Cup, two years ago, he came up that same hill, under nearly the same weight, a beaten horse, but he struggled gamely to the post. It is hard upon Lord Glasgow that his horse should have beaten, in the Derby, Scottish Chief, who won the Ascot Cup, but that he could not win the Cup himself. How ever, there is no help for it. Fate has decreed, or the horse's nature causes, that General Peel shall run second in his great races. The beautiful Ely may now also be called victorious. After a long and hard career of alternate triumph and defeat, he has gained for himself the name of the best four-year old in training. "THE LONDON REVIEW" ON THE TURKISH BATH. —The German who is alleged to have " evolved the idea of camel out of his self-consciousness" had almost as correct an idea of that animal as most people have of the nature and effects of the Turkish bath. Some persons will not hesitate to ex press an opinion as to what its effects must be, though they have never been in one ; and very many who have given the bath only one trial, and have even then resorted to a spurious imitation, are equally confident as to the perilous character of this mode of bathing. It is generally supposed, for in stance, that the quick transition from great heat to excessive cold must be very dangerous ; yet, if any thing has been clearly proved by the repeated expe riments of thousands of bathers, it is that the sud den shock of cold water in the form of kdouche or plunge-bath, after the bather has been in a tempe rature of from 120 deg. to 170 deg., and is flowing with perspiration, is attended with no danger of catching cold, and that, in fact, the body is better prepared to resist the cold when heated. If the bather do not remain in the cold water too long, re action takes place all the more readily on account of the body having been previously heated ; and the only effect is improved i eirculation of the blood, in creased vigour, generalibod health, and, if the bath be taken habitually, much less susceptibility to catch cold. Strange as this may appear to some, it is fully borne out by the well-known fact that in Russia the peasants, by filling a room with vapour, raise the temperature to a very high degree,then undress, and, when streaming with perspiration, open the window or door, and throw themselves into the snow outside, which is several feet deep. The shock, experienced has proved, is beneficial to health, and is never attended with evil consequences. People forget that it is by exposing the body to be gradually cooled after heat produced by exertion, and not by external means, that we become liable to cold. The great and essential thing, however, in a Turkish (or more properly speaking, a hot-air) bath, is the application of heat to restore the skin to a healthy state of activity. If .the skin were var nished Completely, death would ensue in a few hours from suffocation—a fact which proves that we not only throw off waste particles by perspira tion through the skin, but actually breathe through it. What then must be the effect of even partially allowing the pores of the skin to be stopped .? In a primitive state of society, when flowing robes are worn, or when very little clothing is used, the impurities which pass by perspiration and respiration go off into the air at once ; but in civi lised countries, where tight clothing is used, the respiration is partly choked, and a hard varnish-like coating is deposited on the skin, which no amount of ordinary washing or bathing willremove. Nothing will carry it away but first subjecting the body to great heat, and then rubbing it with the hand, as the shampooers do in a Turkish bath. A clear proof of this, that a man who is even in the habit of wash ing his whole person with soap and water every morning will find, to his surprise, on going to a Turkish bath, that the shampooer will rub off black flakes of old skin and dirt, which must impede the free action of the living skin ; and if a man less scrupulous go to the bath for the first time, the de posit which is as it were peeled off him would, if collected, make a ball as large as an average snow ball, though not as white. The Romans were aware of the necessity of removing this deposit from the skin, and hence took the bath (which was in all essentials the same as the Turkish) generally once a day, and used an instrument to rub the skin called. a " strigil." It is somewhat strange that this insti tution, after having been introduced into England 2,000 years ago by the Romans, who themselves took it from the East, should again be making its appearance, and, it would seem, with a greater pro bability of becoming permanent. What is now looked upon in England as a novelty can be shown to have existed 4,000 years. Although it has been lost sight of in the greater part of Europe for hun dreds of years, it has existed from time immemorial all over the East—from Morocco to Tartary, and from Constantinople to India. Something of the same kind has also been in use in Russia and Fin land, amongst the Red Indians, and, even until a few years ago, in the remote parts of Ireland. An other very plausible but erroneous supposition is that the Turkish bath is weakening, if taken often, on account of the loss of perspiration. Perspiration, however, is only one of nature's means of getting rid of the impurities or waste matter in the body, and the removal of those impurities cannot be weakening. The best answer to this objection is the fact that the shampooers in the bath, who work in the hot air more than twelve hours a day, are remarkably strong and free from illness. The Turks, too, who take the bath regularly at least once a week, are noted for their health and lon gevity. The armies of the Romans, who, as we said before, used the same kind of bath even more fre quently than the Turks, had no sick list and no ambulances ; for, had there been any hospital service equivalent to that of modern times, we should find it mentioned in the military and political writers of antiquity. The Turkish army is generally in so good a state of health that, on one occasion, when 50 men out of 3,450. were in hospital, the circumstance ap peared alarming, and an extraordinary consultation was held. One sick man out of 70 is by no means an extraordinary proportion in the British military hospitals. When the Russians occupied the Princi palities conjointly with the Turks, it sometimes hap pened that, on the same day, after a parade, 300 Russians would go into hospital, out of whom 160 have died in a few days, while there was not a single case of death in the Ottoman army. If there be a complaint for which, on prima facie evidence, one might suppose the bath would be useless or injurious, it would be consumption, yet it would appear from a letter which was published in the Lancet, in Dec., 1863, that the bath has been known greatly to alle viate the sufferings of consumptive patients, and cer tainly attendant with most beneficial results. Dr. Leared states that if he himself were attacked by phthisis he would give the bath the fullest trial. It would seem, therefore, conclusively proved by facts that this mode of bathing is not weakening ; and when it has been recommended as almost a specific for many diseases, such as rheumatism, sciatica, and dropsy, by such men as Erasmus Wilson, Dr. Mil lengen, the Sultan's physician, Sir John Fife, and even the superintendents of public lunatic asylums, it is time that the public and the medical profession should give the subject their most serious conside ration. THE "ATHENEUM" ON THE DISCOVERY OF DANTE'S BONES.—The discovery of Dante's bones continues to occupy the Italian press. Not to speak of the mystical light in which some of the papers, espe cially the Gazetta del Popolo, view the matter, look ing upon the coincidence of the Dante-Jubilee and the discovery of the poet's remains not as a thing of chance, but as the result of " certain mysterious, invisible, impenetrable laws which rule the destinies of the earth," we gather a few more facts concern ing the interesting discovery. Several physicians were present.at the examination of the bones ; they took measure of the skeleton and found its length, from the skull to the heel, 1.55 metres. Besides the piece of the lower jaw, a small piece of the skull is wanting, as well as three finger-joints of the right hand. The Franciscan monk, Santi, by whose tes timony, in his inscriptions on the box, these human remains were known to be those of Dante, was a great scholar, according to some old Ravenna au thors, viz., Serafino Pasolini in his " Lustri Raven nati dall' Anno 600 all' Anno 1689." In the records of the convent, autograph manuscripts of Santi were found, which correspond exactly with the writing in the wooden box which contained the bones. It was Bernardo Bembo who, in 1483, had the monument for Dante erected at his own expense, by Pietro Lombardi. Later, when it had fallen into decay, the Cardinal Corsi, a Florentine, legate of Ravenna, had it restored, in spite of the opposition of the Franciscan monks, who claimed the monument as their property. This happened in 1692. Then fol lowed the Cardinal Valenti Gonzaga, who built the present chapel at his own expense, which was com pleted in the year 1780. The bones, it appears, had been removed before Corsi began his work in June, 1677, as the inscription informs us, but Corsi came to Ravenna only in 1687. And now a half-for gotten rumour is at once remembered at Ravenna, the rumour that the Dante Mausoleum in the Dante Chapel did not contain the poet's remains, and that this rumour dated far back ; in 1780, it is said, when Cardinal Valenti restored the chapel, the urn had been opened and found empty, and that all the by standers had been sworn not to reveal what they had seen, or rather what they had not seen. But one of them, then sacristan of the convent, confided the fact to his missal, in the cover of which it has been found. All these smaller instances correspond exactly with the historical events, long confirmed and established, thus corroborating the fact that these lately discovered remains are in reality those of Dante. The photographer Alinari has been sen t to Ravenna in order to copy the box and its con tents by photography. According to the latest news, the urn was opened on the 7th inst., in Pre sence of the magistrates, a government commission' and a deputation from Florence. The urn wa s found empty, with the exception of two finger joints, o'm foot-joint and some dry laurel -leaves; these joints belong to the remains, and are those which had been found wanting in the box of Frater Santi. Literary Association of the Friends of Poland. The honorary secretary of the Literary Assoeia tion of the Friends of Poland presents Iliad compliments to the Editor of The Sun, and requests the favour of the insertion of the accom panying copy of a letter from the Treasury relative to some of the Polish refugees now in this country'. The reason for making this requek appears in the letter itself. Sussex Chambers, Duke-street, St. James's, Sfir'l 17th June. " Treasury Chambers, 16th June' "SlN—The Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treai sury have had under their consideration a letter ad dresseu. by Count L. Zamoyski to the Chancellor of the Excheq uer ' dated 3d of April last, together with a memorandum Pre sented to Lord Palmerston, on the subject of the conditte° of the Polish refugees who have come to this country' in consequence of the recent insurrection in Poland, stating their extreme distress, and suggesting that means 01°1a be taken for affording them relief under approved reg ulat tions. "My Lords direct me to inform you that, in consideratiood of the state of destitution in which it has been represent° that many of these refugees have recently arrived in country, and the great privations under which it isms"l" they are actually suffering, they will not be posed to afford some relief, to be confined, however, to the f refugees who here come to this country in consequence ° the recent insurrection in Poland, as means have be ell taken to make such preliminary inquiries as appear neces sary, by the appointment by this board of a committee, with Major Charles Szulczewski as their secretary. "It will be the business of the committee to ascertain , far as possible, the number, names, and condition of site' of the Poles, who—having become refugees in tliL4 country in consequence of the suppression of the /Ila n : rection in Poland last year—have arrived here prior w the date of this letter, and have failed to find any employ' ment, or who have lost it on account of old age or sielc: ness. It being understood that relief is to be afforded 01 those cases to such only as would come under the regulti tions laid down in 1849. "I have further to state that when my lords have baf er° „ them the report of the committee, they will be able to tea further measures in the matter. 110 " I am, in conclusion, directed to add, that as Homer 0,3 applications have been recently made at this office 0 Polish refugees whose cases cannot be considered to ca ul ; within the limits laid down for the_ present inquiry' Lords would be glad if the Literary Association of the Friends of Poland would take steps to inform the rol l emigration of the nature of those cases which alone w at form the subiect of inquiry.—l remain, Sir, your °bed° servant, " G. A. HAMI IO° " The Secretary to the Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, Duke-street, St. James's, S•W COUNTRY MARKETS NOTTINGHAM—SATURDAY. We had a moderate supply of wheat at our corufrt; change to-day, there being a sprinkling of red and ri N'tre descriptions. In this county the wheat plant is nojeS spoken of. The inquiry for wheat was healthy, anu rv bere took place at fully as much money as last week. en d was a limited quantity of barley at market, and the deuitic,. assumed a quiet aspect as little or no alteration in our g lio e tations. The supply of oats meagre, and prices the s as last week. Peas small, at previous rates. Old white wheat, 43s to 48s ; old red, 39s to 44s p, white, 43s to 47s ; new red, 39s to 435 per 36 stone- os to ley, new malting, 28s to 35s per qr ; old grinding' to 30$ 28s ; new, 25s to 27s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 268 ` ,„ 0 0, new, 21s to 258 ; old foreign, 24s to 26s per stone. P old, 42s to 46s ; new, 375 to 43s per 38 stone. NORWICH—SATURDAY. weep - The supply of wheat was only limited at this Mals day, and the demand being tolerably good, last T gape prices were fully supported for all good qualities. W e , ' 9 ' o lcl had another week of dry weather, with occasional co. north-east winds, and the reports of our farmers Wi tll to o gard to the growing crops of both wheat and b arle y aro o to conflicting to enable any correct opinion to be formed t ; t he the ultimate result, although there is reason to fear t11°'"0-o yield will prove far below the production of the past - years. • White wheat (weighing 631 b to 641 b), 48s to 495 ditto (weighing 631 b to 641 b), 40s to 42s ; best runil'ito barley (weighing 551 b to . 561 b), 30s to 33s ; runs T o .b.- (weighing 541 b to 551 b), 28s to 30s ; distilling ditto (w5"7 2 , - 5 ing 521 b to 531 b), 24s to 26s ; oats, 24s to 26s ; beaus , - 2 '66 to 39s ; peas (maple), 36s to 38s per qr ; flour, 266 to 6d per sack. • YORK—SATURDAY. Th ey There is up to this date no appearance of ra...• A to the seems, however, to be but one opinion with regari4 011 corn crops looking well and promising. There wertetato, small supplies of grain at our market to-day, and 11° change in its value. Wheat was fully as dear. at New white wheat, 42s to 48s ; new red, 38s to 41;t4, 36 stone. Barley, for malting, 30s to 32s per qr ; g:I ll toee• 26s to 28s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 20s to 22s per 2 28 s per Beans, 38s to 40s per 40 stone. Malt, 58s ; ilet * qr. Flour, 29s per sack of 2801 b. LEICESTER--SATURDAY. ne st Old white wheat, 42s to 465; old re 385 to O S ; 130 , d, white 44s to 48s ; new red, 38s to 425;per 36 stone. , r 3 0 ley, malting, 32s to 34s per qr. ; grinding, 28 s to A.l"oteso' stone. Oats, old, 28s to 31s ; new, 23s to 265 per 2'x Beans, old, 40s to 44s ; new, 39s to 42s per 38 state. DUBLIN.—FRIDAY. fer There was a small attendance, and continued dubl es la t° mostly everything. Wheat fully 0 and Indian 00111 fir 9d cheaper. Oats made last day's full prices. Fl°- oatmeal lower where sales were made. red do., Currencies :—White wheat, 22s 6d to 240 6d ; d al 20s 6d to 22s Od; grinding barley, 12s Od to 130 Od; d°' ing do., 13s to 14s 6d; white oats, 11s to 12 $; bige lOs Od to 11s Od. CORK—FRIDAY. ...- net The following were the quotations this morninb; 65 wheat, 7s 6d to Os o.d ; white, 8s Bd. to Os Od ; barloY'6o 0 to Os Od ; oats, 8s 6d to Os Od 7 • black oats, 6s 8d to bere, Os Od. Foreign Mail Packet List• n 1 6 Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton . • • • •Iti-e Jun e l, Ditto, via Marseilles .lali ~ Brazil and,Cape Verde. by British pacet ...... • - .2••• Ditto, by French packet . ........... Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena. •• • e 1 6 ' China. Penang, and Singapore, via Sou,hampton.•June ,•• • Ditto, via Marseilles 9. Falkland Islands ,Jun id. Gibraltar, via Southampton June 1L India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton... e"" Jan 6 Ditto, via Marseilles tili India (Bombay), via Southampton.. ................ J i r o 1 9 ' O I. Ditto, via Marseilles ./1 11)Cl e. Mauritius, via Southampton ........ Jul, ..J I P I , 0. Ditto, via Marseil e 4, ; Jae Newfoundland ..................................... 5.0 i. Portugal •••• •• • ••• ..... •••• Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon. ....... . United States and British North America , bYB": Joe -ti tish packet . ....... • • ........ • • Ditto, by United States packet, via Southall:lP' tun . ...... ' 0$ Ditto, via Cork ............................. f oe . Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonclarl• . ' , jr7 ro 1 0 " West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ... West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cgrj t ice ;,., and Mexico. ................. .. ................. glue Bahamas, via New York. .......................... du ::..iv f _ Bermuda, ditto ............ Jae Cuba and Mexico ....... Births. git DuAni. DTG.—On the 14th inst., at 2, Warwic k -8411- lice, Mrs. Dunning, of a son. Oct MATRESON.—On the 14th inst. at at Blackheath-Pan at, the wife of the Rev. Charles Matheson, of a ° - , 1 ,0 e " PRIESTLEY.—On the 18th inst., at 17, He • a Mayfair, the wife of Dr. Pries t ley , of a daue'e-• vie/ ROLLE.—On the 16th inst., at 18, Charles-street, Berke square, the Lady Gertrude Rolle, of a son. WEBBER.—On the 16th inst., at Woodville 04311°:, heath, the Hon. Mrs. Charles Webber, of a o°' Marriages Ch t"C ) LETTS—SCOTT.—On the 16th inst., at P, 43n F t e g E 5- 1 dau,ltef Thomas Alton, eldest son of Thoma s Perry-hill, Sydenham, to Catherine Eligabet of Dalton Scott, of Stanstead-lane, o , o of o o SATILLE—DAMES.—On the 12th inst. , at 5.,- t • „ c er o 7,,V Hanover-square, William Savile, Lieut . 9th -,-'„9'-asug,al, of the Hon. Henry Alexander Savile , to Enotci, of Captain Delme Seymour Davies, of Higlaw ganshire. BOWER.—On the 15th D ins e t a ., th G t rge Bowen if 61 Tokenhouse-yard, solicitor, aged 67. S‘l'' , t e A B ll e OOKER,.—On the 12th inst. at at his residence, i 0 B near Liverpool, Josiah Booker,. Esq., age d 72. re, 3 ' 91; E Coußcy.—On the 15th inst., at 13, Eaton-M.o'lo 31'd Constantine De Courcy, 29th Lord Fingsale, 0 ., 00 i FENTON.—On the 14th inst., suddenly, Mr. Fran Fenton, of 63, St. James's-street, aged 63. t, f... C.1 GODSELL.—On the 15th inst., at 13, Spencer-stree . Mr. John Godsell, aged 70. St• G iler PRIEST.—On the 13th inst., at his re sidence ea , street, Norwich, Richard Priest, Esq., ag 69. %TOP 4+ London : Printed and Published by WILLIA.MI4-,' $0 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tar, SUN Ott l°e ' otti ° Strand, in the Precinct of the oy, in the C° Middiesex.—Monday, June 19, 1865. T he CREDIT 111 , conjunc "ssoculac LftarnoNs IdAIANCE 0 THE AT 511 000 Prele°l preference In 7Posit .£1 p Each Subscri of Parlit Th e Right E nor of th (Limited), , M. 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