The Sun. — London, England, 1866-09-11 00:00:00

THE LINES OF VERONA. (From the Times Military Correspondent) VERONA, Sept. 5. The sensations with which one regards a nest of fortresses such as the Quadrilateral are very diffe rent in war and peace. When the Archduke fought the battle of Custozza, Verona was regarded as a port in a storm—a refuge in the hour of need; for his whole army might have sought shelter within the line of her forts if the fortunes of the day had turned against the Austrians, and defeat instead of victory had attended their arms. But now that Italy bas achieved her long self-set task, and it only re mains for diplomatists to settle the exact terms of the treaty, there is a crushing weight in the para pets, ditches, and detached forts that makes one long for the free mountain air, so near in space and yet so far removed in nature from these oppressive for tifications. Josefstadt, Koniggratz, and Theresien stadt are border strongholds ; Olmutz is a great fortress ; Venice is a pearl placed in an almost im pregnable casket ; but Verona is a fortified camp, built to contain a host, which it can shield from sudden attack, and yet suffer to go forth against the enemy without a check upon the mobility of the mass of men. The Austrians have not exaggerated its capabilities in this respect, nor have the sums spent upon it been overestimated, and yet it is dis appointing onthe whole, and for purposes of defence does not appear to me nearly equal to Venice. In studying its capabilities it is always necessary to take into consideration that the lines have been con structed rather as a refuge for an army and as a great strategical point to be held than as an ordinary fortress. The town contains some 60,000 inhabi tants, yet it seems but a garrison of soldiers ; some of its fine old churches are turned into hospitals, its theatres into corn stores, and the most perfect Roman amphitheatre in Europe, a contemporary of the Coliseum at Rome, was used as a prison for the Italians taken at the battle of Custozza. The strati *ml importance of the Quadrilateral chiefly depends upon the facts that it covers the passage of the great rivers, that the principal roads from the south and east pass through it, and that can always contain safely an army prepared to issue forth at any moment and act on the enemy's com munications, or attack him in flank or rear. By its proximity to the Tyrol and its command of the great route to Vienna, by the Brenner, it may also be considered as the key of the Tyrol. If Austria could continue to hold Verona, she could pass her armies into Italy whenever she pleased, and it is not too much to say that Italy's existence as a nation capable of holding its own depends more upon the possession of Verona than of Venice. This strategi cal importance is not a late discovery. Parts of the walls of the Emperor Gallienus still remain, but for the most part forming the sides and angles of more modern houses. Theoderic and Charlemagne suc cessively fortified the place, and the works of the Scaligieri, improved by San Michell in the early part of the 16th century, are left to show how art can be combined with utility, and beauty with the strength required to resist the sieges of that period. But long-rouge rifled guns have introduced a new era in fortifications, so that if the enemy is to be kept at a safe distance it is necessary to build forts far outside the enceinte, and when these are taken it is doubtful if the main works would be of more use than to gain better terms of capitulation. Here lies Verona's weakness, for if the besieger advances steadily against two or three of the forts and takes• them, as be easily may, by regular attack, the re-' minder of the works are almost in his power. The outer forts have all been built since 1815, and may be said to have always been in process of building since that year, for, as the arms improved which could be brought against her, Verona stretched out her graSp further and further upon the sur rounding country. And this process was very needful, for the enceinte is weak, consisting on the east and south for the most part of very flat . bastions, weakly flanked and capable of being enfiladed without much difficulty, and on the west and north by irregular works, some of which are more picturesque than powerful. Though Verona lies at the foot of the last spurs of the Tyrol, the town itself is almost completely on flat ground, and is commanded by the most salient point of the mountains which juts out from the im posing Alps above, reaching close down to the Adige, which here winds backwards and forwards through the town and its protecting forts. These windings are all in favour of defence, for they render a direct advance up or down the river bank impossible. The mountain spur above the town divides itself into three different elevations. That on the west comes quite down upon the Adige, about 5,000 paces from the nearest point of the enceinte, and as an enemy could not turn the fortress in this direction without crossing the Adige and exposing his flank and com munications to the army in the shelter of the works, there are no forts on this elevation; but that in the centre completely commands the town, touching the river where it makes its next bend, about the very centre of the works, and is occupied, besides the Scaligierian main works with their towers and forked battlements, by four forts and four towers, eight distinct works, all completely detached from one another, the furthest of them being about 5,000 paces from the bend in the Adige, and the nearest about a sixth of that distance. The third division of the spur is separated from the others by a consi derable valley, and may indeed be called a distinct spur. It does not reach the river, but commands the third bend and the country to the south-east by two forts, the furthest of which is under 5,000 paces from the stream, and about the same distance from Fort Empress Elizabeth, which is situated on the road to Vicenza, and commands the approaches from the east both by road and railway. Supposing an enemy to have taken Fort Elizabeth, and to be advancing along the road to the town, he would pass close by the bend of the river, receiving the fire of Fort Catterina (within the loop), and after marching 5,000 paces, would reach the part of the enceinte to the east of the place, and find him self face to face with the first pentangular bastioned front constructed in Europe, by the genius of San 3licheli. This part of the works is flanked on its left by Fort Biondella at the south-east point of the central spur mentioned above, and on its right by Fort Scholl, which lies between the loop of the river in which is situated Fort St. Catterina (or Fort Hess) and the loop which passes through the town. But I must not forget that a new fort has lately been constructed, though not yet quite finished, about half-way between Fort Empress Elizabeth' and the nearest of the forts on the last-hamed spur of the hills. On the west and south of the river are, first, part of tt.' ,enceinte flanked by Fort Procolo on the right, near the Bastion St. Procolo, and in front of it the Redoubt Wallmoden. Both of these flank the river in thenorth-west direction, and sweep the ground in rear of the next line of forts which lie outside, forming a chain along the railway at dis tances from each other of about 1,000 or 1,500 paces from centre to centre. A train coming down the valley - of the Adige would cross the r i v e r j us t a s it reached the first spur mentioned above, and im mediately on the right of this point lies the Work (or Fort) Albrecht.'- The river makes a small bend before the railwayandpi runs close to it again between the strea m Fort Emperor Francis J ose ph. H ere the line of th e water sweeps round in is abandoned, and the train a curve which p asses close to Forts Racletalty Strafsolde, (the only one behind the rail way), Lichtenstein, Aspre, se hwartzenburg, and Wratislaw. At this point southwest of the centre of the town the railway turns in, I . ng of works, which are continu e d by the chain Fort Clam, the tower of Culoz, and, finally, a littl e • retired, stands the large fort of St. Catterina (or II (..ss) mentioned above. In this line there are, therefore, 11 forts, covering the town and a considerable portion of the winding river, while their rear is protected some_ times by the river, sometimes by Forts Wallmoden and Procolo, sometimes by the enceinte ; and, finally, behind Fort Catterm . • I is Fort Scholl on the other side of the river. _ _ But the hand has been stretched further than this, for there are five forts in a curve extending to those just named—Crown Prince, Archduchess Gizella, New Wratislaw, Stadion, and last but not least in teresting, the new and excellently-constructed earth- Work Ca Vecchia. The outer line averages about 5,000 paces from the nearest part of the enceinte,. and the inner line wanders rather irregularly about half-way between.. Ca Vecchia is particularly inte resting, because it is the newest specimen of Austrian fort building, and indicates the result of their expe rience. In the first place, then, it is entirely built of earth, the men living in bomb-proof sheds, so to speak, covered with earth, and forming by their roofs a wide ramp behind the parapet. By this means the defenders are always close to their work, and never under fire except when at their places on the walls. In the next place, the thickness of the parapet is 24 feet, which is considered necessary to resist even the comparatively small rifled guns likely to be brought against it. Thirdly, between every two guns when in a position at all exposed is a traverse, 24 feetlong and 12 feet thick, made of large gabions of 7 feet high and 4 feet in diameter, the interstices between each gabion being packed with fascines, the top being also of fascines, and then two or three feet of earth. But the circulation of men through . the works must not be interrupted, so passages are made just under the shelter of the parapet and running all round the fort. The roofs of these holes through the traverses are bomb proof, and afford the men a shelter under which they can seek safety if the enemy's shot and shell are coming too thickly. Out of this passage, and at right angles to it, there leads from each traverse into the parapet a small chamber where ammunition is kept in small quantities at a time for immediate use. The road into the fort from behind dives under ground through a passage of wooden beams supporting the earth at the sides and on the top, galleries on each side lead up into the interior of the work, but the main passage is continued to the main ditch in front. Covered caponnieres flank the ditches, being placed at three of the angles. The gorge is closed by a parapet also of earth, and two small bastions pro ject in rear of each end of the fort, armed with three field guns each. The whole was two months in pre paration, and cost about £lOO,OOO. • It is constructed for 35 guns. Numerous earthworks have been built this year between the old works, besides three new forts, and the sum mentioned above as the cost of one of the latter may give an approxithate idea as to the expense which the retention of Venetia has been to Austria. Verona is, however, indifferently armed. The guns are few compared with the extent to be de fended, and of small calibre, those rifled being sel dom heavier than so-called 12-pounders. The sympathy of Austrian officers Tor English, ideas was very.strongly illustrated this evening. An engineer; speaking of visiting England, said that one of his greatest wishes is to hear Charles Dickens read his own •works. He added,."'. Pickwick' is my constant companion, and I read its thrcingh at least once a year." There is a mine of wisdom and true liberality, combined with faithfulness, in the Aus trian army that is little understood in England, and which only needs working by a master hand to bring forth some very precious metal. Of the immense preparations• for provisioning Verona I will speak in another letter. September 6. The more a fortress extends its 'defensive works the greater becomes the garrison necessary to occupy them, and as men cannot live upon ear t h nor Vero nese marble every fort that is built involves, not only the cost of its erection, but a permanent in crease in the stores of ammunition and provisions for the soldiers, and in these respects Verona has been well prepared for a siege. The great cost of ammunition for heavy guns and the difficulty of its transport may possibly have something to do with the low calibre of the guns at present mounted on the works. Venice can be more easily sup plied since there is communication between it and Vienna by railway and sea, but the only route open to Verona since the early part of July has been over the Brenner pass, where the toilsome ascent must be made by horsed carriages, and trans port must have been rather scarce, for the north army was partly delayed in its early movements by want of a sufficient train. But the fortress has no" reason to complain of being insufficiently provisioned. Some thousands of tons of cheese have lately been sold there to the public ; many herds of cattle browse in the grassy ditches surrounding the works; while theatres, old convents, and other available places have been taken up to hold the corn and oats in tended to provision the garrison for six mouths, and the army of operation for two, as well as I could ascertain. In spite of her deficiency in funds, Austria ma nages these matters in a truly imperial style, and the provision stores and bakeries, which I visited yes terday, are well worth attention, though they arc not quite finished, and have not yet disburdened the impromptu granaries of their unaccustomed stores. Near the Porta Vescovo certain buildings have been erected by the military engineers, showing, like all Austrian military edifices, considerable archi tectural grandeur, and containing huge receptacles for grain, together with all the' arrangements neces sary for supplying fresh bread daily for 40,000 men. The system is a patent of a Belgian, Devaux by name, and is most complete. Time and space pre vent me from detailing the whole apparatus, but I will endeavour to explain the most interesting part of it. Every one knows how difficult it is to preserve grain for a long period from damp, worms, rats, and other "small deer," and a system that will effect this is worth much expense when this is compared with the value of the lives that depend on a due supply of wholesome food. The reservoirs intended to contain the corn are 130 in number, each of them being 42 feet (Austrian) in height and 7 feet square, made of iron plate pierced with small holes all over its surface. A hollow cylinder of the same metal, also pierced with holes, runs up the centre of each reservoir, and communicates at the bottom with a tube, through which a blast of air can be driven by a fan when required. I was informed that each reservoir will contain 1,000 measures of 451 b. When a new supply of grain is to be brought in it is run into the establishment in railway trucks, and the sacks are emptied into square receptacles consisting of large iron boxes let into the ground, and from this time forth the food is touched by no hand of man till" it is taken hot out of the oven in the form of the ex cellent bread supplied to the soldier. To carry the corn to the top of the reservoirs an endless leather band covered on its exterior surface with a number o fseall buckets is employed. The a pp arl t us on thi s principle most familiar to the general reader is pro bably the machine used to clear the channel of a river from mud. As the hand revolves by the ac tion of a steam engine, each bucket scrapes up its share of grain and conveys it to the top of the house, dropping it into long iron troughs, which pass over the tops of all the reservoirs. In each trough works an Archimedian screw, which passes on the corn without ceasing to its furthest end, or drops it into any selected reservoir tr by ou t gl. There is openinghel. When of , a small door in the bottom of th e of course, a door ab ove each re servoirone is filled its door is shut a n d the next opened, and so on. If the wheat or oats are dry and clean when put in, the natural circulation of air through the centre shaft and the holes in the exte rior of the iron reservoir cases is sufficient to preserve it for some time ; but if more drying is needed, or if it be required to guard against worms, &c., the top of the centre tube is closed and air blown into e i t from f exit underneath.except through ugh i t ' h h e e n um draught erou h s ass small n It o o m l ees nis s but thus s t u la: l o l u a g v h ib th ra e t c io o n rn as , and to r n e o n t de o driven createsrender only the drieslife i e t f , any worms that may be in it such a burden to them , that they cann o t en j o y d omes ti c ease n or brint,, up their young, but are driven, Tantalus like, to de spair in the midst of plenty. But even this is not considered sufficient. The great weight in each reservoir might cake some of ' the corn at the bottom, and in any case a little cir culation is good for it, so shutters are provided at the bottom of the reservoirs near the ground to let out the corn when necessary. Spouts under the shutters convey the grain into troughs with Archi median screws, and these lead it, tumbling over and over, to the endless band and buckets which raise it again to the top, where it goes through the usual routine, having been well mixed on its way. Then there arc steam mills for grinding, steam apparatus for mixing the .dough, and small carriages to run the bread into the ovens, of which there are twelve. ,Eit attendant the completion of the whole establish ment, the sacks are stored partly in large granaries on the premises and 33 other depots of various kinds in the town of Verona. From the quantity that I have seen I should say that the attempt to starve out the garrison of Verona would be a very hope leSs enterprise. And this reminds me that the Gari baldians were lately hard pushed for subsistence, the Italian commissariat department being evidently not yet in a satisfactory state. As soon as the armistice was established I am informed that they constantly asked food from General Kuhn, and received it too; for though he had a regular system of rewards for his own soldiers, to be given to those who should go in groups of two or three by night to harass the Garibaldians, and keep them ever in a state of wake fulness and irritation, he was very ready to relieve them when they were no longer foes. General Kuhn speaks with gratitude of the way in which Garibaldi treated his prisoners, while those taken by the regular Italian army were by no means so for tunate. The Garibaldians are - spoken of as being very insubordinate and ill-disciplined, and Garibaldi. himself ,is said to be reconciled to the disbandment of the Volunteers. They would be very difficult to bre* into a steady military life. Garibaldi himself is at Brescia, and said to be slowly improving, but he suffers from the wound received at Aspromonte, though the new one is quite healed. The Sole reports that the old General has given the sword that he wore in Sicily to Colonel Chambers, and grieves that " this monument of valour of which the Italians would be over proud has passed into the hands of strangers." _ _ MILAN, Sept. 7. The good intentions of the Emperor of the French in demanding a plebiscite of the Venetians are not accepted as theyare said to have been meant. People say that the reorganisation of the province is thereby delayed and the King placed in a false position. It is a dangerous experiment, and may pos sibly lead to some disagreeable scenes. The Aus trians will have to display much good temper while the inhabitants of Venice itself are being polled, and it will always leave an opening to say that the pro vince was under the influence of the Royal army, which occupies it at present. The Minister of War and the Commander-in-Chief are taking measures to break up the army in view of the cholera, which has broken out at Alto Friuli. The official Gazette of Florence announces that four army corps will be quartered along the line Piacenza-Ancona. The other corps will enter into more commodious quar ters in Venetia. There have been cases among the soldiers at Palma and other places, so the authorities are taking strong measures against it. Should this scourge reach Ancona it is likely to make fearful havoc there, for the town is ill drained, and evil smells salute the nose from heaps of old rubbish lying clos3 to some of the most frequented streets near the harbour. On arrival here last night I was supplied with files of the Times, and it is most satisfactory to see that the Chlum difficulty has been cleared up by your Special Austrian and Military Prussian Correspon dents. The query "What's in a name?" has received a very sufficient answer on this occasion. Lipa lay at the foot of the hill where Benedek and his Staff remained during most of the day ; Chlum was be hind, and a little to the right. The capture of the former would have been of little comparative im portance ; the latter was the key to their position. Mr. Layard, M.P., left Milan for Venice this morning. MISCELLANEOUS AMERICAN NEWS. -_O Up to the end of July our importations of foreign wheat this year have been 45 per cent. in excess of those up to the same date last year, but only 10 per cent. beyond those of 1864. The chief arrivals were during the earlier months, and those of July, owing to the satisfactory prospects of the English harvest, were of only about the same amount as in the July of the two preceding years. Russia con stitutes our chief source of supply. She has con tributed 29 per cent. of our total importations, while the proportion from the United States has been only 2 per cent. The quantity from France has been 23 per cent., from Germany 25 per cent., and from all other countries 21 per cent. Of flour our importations have been nearly double those of last year, and about 11 per cent. in excess of those of 1864. Six-sevenths of the entire quantity arrived from France. Of other descriptions of grain, and especially of !Indian corn, the importa- tions have been large. The advices from America regarding the harvest seem to indicate a deficient wheat crop, but an unusually abundant yield of Indian corn, which for home purposes in that coun try is the most important staple. A few weeks back the reports of the growing wheat were disastrous from most of the Western States, from the effect of protracted rain, but the subsequent accounts have been less discouraging. In California there is un usual abundance, and a probability is asserted of a surplus of 850,000 quarters for exportation. The crop of Indian corn this year will, it is said, be the largest ever produced in the United States. In 1840 the total crop was 47,000,000 quarters, in 1860 it was 104,000,000 quarters, and this season it is estimated at 1 30,000,000. In relation to the sup ply of this country the American wheat crop has lost its direct importance, the total receipts during the last two years having fallen to an insignificant point, owing to the superior power of Germany, Russia, and France to ship to us at present prices ; but of Indian corn our imports this year have been very greatly in excess of those of the two preceding years, and the consumption will most probably be stimu lated by the moderate terms on which the American dealers may now be able to send it forward. The Philadelphia correspondent of the Times begins to discover that the Radicals have not vanished into thin air. He recognises the difficul ties before the Conservatives, as be terms his own party. " For a year, or perhaps two years," he says, " the chief part of the President's Adminis tration, which ends March 4th, 1869, he will be baffled by a hostile Congress, and for success during this period the National Union party can only look to one of those great political revolutions that come only once in a generation. They have started well and favourably, and with perhaps the best platform of principles that have yet been put forth by any American political organisation. But in this coun try it is difficult even for virtue to detach hundreds of thousands of voters from an old organisation they have so often followed to victory. . . At present all the enthusiasm is against the Radicals, and the new party have the vantage ground, for it possesses Presidential patronage, and is the attack ing body. But the extreme difficulty of it achiev ing success has led me candidly to lay these facts before the public. A long and difficult, but, it is to be hoped, successful campaign is before the new organisation just born in Philadelphia." We have all along said that the National Union party can only look for success to a great political revolution, which we hope may occur, for it is desirable that a threatening question should be decided amicably and speedily. The correspondent terms the party led by Congress a dominant faction, but it is in reality the sentiment of the Northern people, and a repeti tion of the great blunder made in England during the Civil Wa r w ill aga i n occur if the English people are deceived on this point. Such a revolution may be the result of the wise and moderate sentiments ex pressed by the National Union party, led as that party is by many of the most prominent statesmen in Ame rica. All the people require is faith in these pro fessions. If Congress be sustainel in its opposition to the President's policy by the feeling of the mass of the people, the National Union party will effect no good. But we have reason to believe that so ably haS the Convention been organised, and so powerfully supported, tha:diitnisnpaiyri ng thesucceedss necessary effect ingllceeary the desired change, and confidence in the people. The President is working ea a r s n n e s l a t l r y and k , edh lv s i t c h a r t e h e e rto singular g am the ob determination ect on w wl h i ce le has set his heart, indeed, we may say, pledged his very existence. But he cannot stand unless the anticipated change in the feelings of the people takes place. In truth no force can stand unless it be in accord with the national sentiment. Robert Reid, a Liverpool tinker, murdered his wife in Thurloe-street, of that town, in 1862, and disappeared. A reward was offered for his appre hension, and the American police thus stimulated had for.seine time been on the look-out for him. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1866. It appears he disguised himself as a woman and escaped to the United States. For some time he wandered from place to place as a travelling tinker, and the blood-hounds of the law tracked the crimi nal from one spot to the other. At last they spotted him, settled near New York, and sent word to the Liverpool authorities that they thought they knew where to lay hands on the man wanted. Accord ingly a Liverpool detective was despatched. While on his way Reid was apprehended for a minor offence, and when the detective reached New York he found the criminal in prison. On his producing copies of the evidence given at the inquest on the murdered woman, Reid was made over to his cus tody, and is now in Liverpool, having arrived in the last Inman steamer. Besides Louis Agassiz, the great naturalist, and John Ericsson, the great inventor, the President has added two more celebrated Americans to the list of commissioners to the Paris Exhibition—Alexander T. Stewart, of New York, the owner of the most gigantic income in the United States, and Robert E. Patteson, M.D., the celebrated physician of Phila delphia. Adah Isaacs Menken is playing at Nashville, Tennessee. Brevet-Major-General A. A. Humphreys, Lieu tenant-Colonel of Engineers, has been appointed to suc ceed Brigadier-General. R. A. Delafield, as Chief Engineer of the 'United States army. Queen Emma, who recently accepted the invita tion to Washington, was visited by a delegation of Indians in full costume, with their wives and papooses. Major J. H. Nelson, United States Army, has been charged by the Government with the survey of the proposed canal route via Rock River and Green Bay, and will soon enter upon his duties. The survey will probably be finished before winter sets in. Mr. Emanuel Weiss, of Pennsylvania, has pro posed to the American Government a plan for producing opium in the South. The poppy from which opium is ob tained is a native of Northern Mexico, and is found in great quantities in the valley of the Santa Cruz River. The late American Congress passed an Act grant ing $lO,OOO to Miss Vinnie Ream for a statue of Mr Lincoln, which will be placed in the Capitol. Secretary M'Culloch opened to-day, August 18th, 100 proposals for furnishing the Department with patent seal locks. A New York firm received the award. Stewart, the New York dry goods man, puts $50,000 worth of glass into his new mansion. TELEGRAPH APPOINTMENT.—NEW YORK, Aug. 14.—The patrons of the telegraph 'will be glad to learn that General Marshall Lefferts has accepted the appoint ment of Engineers of the Consolidated American and Western Union lines. General Lafferts' long experience in the telegraph business of the country, and his standing as a gentleman of science and as an electrician, render his connection with the great lines an important one to the press and commercial public, and this is still more strengthened by his position as engineer of the Atlantic cable. Professor Agassiz recently returned to Boston from his exploration in Brazil. He has been absent a little more than a year, and during that timo has made many. Important discoveries in geology and natural history, find ing abundant evidence to establish his favourite theory of glacial action, and adding to the classification of the animal kingdom several hundred species hitherto unknown or undescribed. We hear that he will at once begin the preparation of a scientific memoir, embodying, the result of his investigation, and a work of popular character from his pen, entitled, " Travels in Brazil," is already announced by Ticknor and Fields for publication in the fall. The unfortunate holders of stocks in bogus oil companies aro beginning, says the Philadelphia Ledger, to " realise." In New York recently, a well-known auctioneer sold 99,860 shares of the stock of the Reno Oil and Land Company, for ten thousand dollars the lot, an average of a little less than ten cents a sh a re. Railroad stocks in the oil, region seem also to be in a bad way, for at the same sale 4,958 shares of the Reno, Oil Creek and Pithole Railway Company's stock were disposed of for $2,500 the lot— about 50 cents a share. This is but the flattening out of the sham companies. The real petroleum business still goes on, as the enormous exportations from this port give solid evidence. The cable despatch printed in the papers on one day in America contained 1,158 words, which, at $5 a word, payable in gold, amountstothe round sum of $5,709, or $8,569 in 'currency. Tke cable is an expensive luxury for the newspapers. THE PRAYER ON OPENING THE PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION.-0 Lord God, Jehovah ! King of kings !wo adore Thee as the first, the brightest, and the best cf boingi All things, visible and invisible, are Thy creation. Of old didst Thou lay the foundations of the earth. Thou filledst the heavens with Thine immensity. How then can we, creatures of the dust, come before Thy face ? To save the mass and the chiefs of sinners Thou didst give the blood of Thy only begotten Son. Thou hast changed the cove nant from that of works to that of grace. Oh, transcending mercy and grace, may wo learn this to be the spirit of our Divine Lord and Master ! We trust that in such a spirit this Convention has assembled. Thou art the Author of that love of liberty which inspires our hearts. We be lieve that Thou art especially our country's God. We have been arrayed in a fearful. conflict with each other—brother against brother. Tho wails of the widow and orphan have come up before Thy throne, but at last the representatives of all sections have come up to meet each other and re-inaugurate their former Union. We invoke Thy sanction to rest upon the great work which we have in hand. May this great people be rallied around the Constitution of our fathers, imperishable through all future generations, and to the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, we give praise now and forever. Amen. The Commission appointed to inquire into the causes of the late massacre at Now Orleans aro pursuing their investigations. It has already been demonstrated that the Convention was a quiet and inoffensive gathering, and but for the unwarranted interference of the recon structed rebels of the New Orleans police force, would have carried on their legitimate affairs without disturb ance. Dr. Dostie was deliberately murdered by an extra policeman who had been heard declare vengeance against him. OUTRAGES BY AMERICAN INDIANS.—A letter, dated at Fort Reno, July 31, fully sustains the reports of the hostilities of the Indians, and the entire inefficiency of the military force now there to protect the route. The troops have had a hard time. They have fought the Indians four times. From the Platte we learn that one train had eight men killed by the Indians and a number of others wounded. The Indians seem to do all the damage possible. They killed Mr. Flood, of Leavenworth, cut off his head, and set it up in the dirt by the side of the road. The military there afford no protection to the people. They are afraid to go out of their. stockade. No mail has been received for three weeks, and no one knows when the commander will send one. They allow the emigration trains to start on this road, and then afford them no pro tection. They are badly secured. The lndians . are again hostile, and are attacking the whites at every point. The escort accompanying Sawyer's party was attacked near Crazy Woman's Fork, and five soldiers were killed and a large number wounded. All the wounded who fell into the hands of the savages were scalped and tortured in the most barbarous manner. An emigrant train, encamped with the Cheyenne Indians, was attacked by a large party of Sioux, and all the white men of the party killed, and the women and children carried off. Col. Sawyer and his waggon road party were harassed by In dians for over 100 miles, and were obliged to camp over night on the hills away from water. The party is now en camped at Old Fort Reno and at Perry Fort, on Jeweler River, closely besieged by the Sioux. Nearly all the stock on the road has been run off, and a great deal of suffering is inevitable. This route is impassable, and if those on the way escape with their lives they will be fortunate. The Indians declare that they will never submit to the passage of the Union Pacific Railway through what they declare to be their bast hunting-ground. The Ameri can Government has offered to support them with rations. but this they scout and are preparing for war. In the window of a celebrated cigar store in Boston (Grocljinski's, 91, Washingtou-street) a turbaned Turk figure sits and smokes a pipe, as natural and life-like as the veritable Oscanyan himself would be supposed to do under similar circumstances. Of course it proves attractive, and, in consequence, a large crowd is continually collected around the window. The Transcript describes the novelty : —" Although not ono of the animated subjects of the Sublime Porte (the image, with the accompanying ingenious apparatus, having been imported _ from Paris), yet the mien of the figure and the automatic motion of the eyes give to it almost an expression of vitality. It is represented as in the act of enjoying ' a good smoke.' By means of complex machinery, the .°lli of in the skii head, hands of the figure aro made to seize the long m handle of a pipe --the bowl of which is filled with so to its mouth, an d e j ect therefrom two puffs of smoke, fol lowed by e a of motionG t ea b d tist tobacco — raise the handle eyes, and month, indicating its supremo s a ti s f ac ti on at the qual i ty o f th e weel.'" The editor does not say so, but we have no d ou bt th a t t h e article serves as a good "puff " for the store in Boston. A letter from Dalton, Georgia, says that one company there took out $lO,OOO worth of gold from the mines in one day, and that capitalists of Now York and Boston aro about to ship expensive mining machinery to that place for th e purpose of working the mines. A gentlem an w h o has just returned from Port land, Maine, says the people are covering the devastated region with temp orary f rame buildings one story in height, that present a curious appearance in, localities that were formerly occupied by large and handsome structures. Some of the citizens, wo aro told, went to New York to buy building materials soon after the fire, and found that every thing available of that nature had been bought up by per sons in New York with a view to speculation. They had also engaged all that could be prepared within a certain time. The Portland men were obliged to purchase of these speculators at advanced rates, or not at all. COLOURED STUDENTS.—Thirty coloured students are under the care of Dr. E. Turney, of Washington, en gaged in studies preparatory to the ministry. Almost all these men have been slaves. Of a recent public examina tion through which they passed the National Intelligencer. says:—"lt consisted in the students standing upon the platform, reading long passages from the Bible and in answering such questions as to the import of the chapter or verse as might be put to them. We express only what the entire audience will fully corroborate in saying that the results were truly astonishing to all. Their reading would not have discredited any pulpit in the land, and their replies were invariably fraught with good sense, and stated in excellent language. The exhibition was very wonderful." A meeting was held at Tremont Temple on Sunday evening, similar to the above, which was largely attended. Rev. Dr. Banvard presided. Rev. Dr. Turney was present, and several of the students whom he instructs at Washington. Their reading of the Scriptures seems especially to have commended itself. A liberal collection. as on the previous Monday evening, was taken in aid of the National Institute for the education of freedmen preachers. In Central Georgia and Alabama thousands of negroes are agitating the question of immediate emigra tion to Liberia. A committee has bean sent to Washington to confer with the authorities concerning free transporta tion. TREASURY BUILDING,—The Treasury Depart ment is about to commence the erection of a large building on the grounds south of the President's house at Washing ton, and fronting on Fifteenth-street, for the accommoda tion of the printing division of the National Currency Bureau. It is to be a plain brick structure, suited to the purposes for which it is built, and Congress has appropri ated $200,000 for its completion. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. THE " LONDON REVIEW" ON LADY TIPPLERS.— Were it possible for Pope again to write his " Rape of the Lock," and to write it in America, he would be obliged to invoke the assistance of more sylphs than he did to shield his fair heroine from harm. A new enemy has made his appearance with the advance of civilisation, and one which the com bined forces of Zephyretta, Brillante, Momentilla, Crispissa, and Ariel, could not successfully oppose. Perhaps those guardians are less vigilant than for merly ; or it may, indeed, happen that they are traitors in disguise. However it be, the fault cannot be laid to the charge of Republicanism, for it prevailed in Imperial Rome itself. In the present day, it ap pears that the belles of the Western World are not content to assemble round the tea-table to dissect the latest fashions and their neighbours' characters, as their mothers were. Neither have the Germans been powerful enough to prevail upon them to be come Kaffe-Schwestel n, although they have natu ralized among 'the weaker male sex their Saur kraut, Lager-bier, and omnipresent Bands. The fashionable female world has resisted these tempta tions, but, in plain words, it is said to have " taken to drink." No one has as yet presumed to propose a remedy. Kissing has not been openly mentioned, although it may have been thought of. That Roman remedy could hardly be rejected by a gallant race as distasteful; but, as it has not been publicly suggested, although the fault is freely avowed, we are compelled to suppose that there is something intrinsically weak in it-- some flaw fatal to its efficacy. And immediately the old query arises in our mind, Quis custodet custodes? It is plain as possible that many of those duly re sponsible would fight shy of their duty, or perform it in a perfunctory manner, in order that there should be a mutual condonation of a common fault. If the American gentlemen desire that their wives and daughters shall be patterns of sobriety and domestic virtue, they must first show them an ex ample. - In these days, ladies begin to imagine that they display a spirit of independence by eagerly imi tating their male friends—in America especially this fancy is pushed to the utmost. They preach, they teach, and they practise--as physicians. They lecture as vehement politicians, they masquerade in various costumes more or less masculine, and Dr.. So-and-So is stated with applause to have discarded the barbarous and slavish custom of long robes and side-saddles when she goes to visit her patients. When once they have begun to play "fast and loose" with old world notions there is nothing to hinder them from advancing beyond these limits. Once that it becomes a fixed idea that the more women imitate men the more independence of cha racter do they show, and the more justice - they do to their " individuality," there is no reason to be lieve that they will refrain from drinking strong liquors because some men think it unwomanly. The fashion is against being " womanish." There are, no doubt, serious ourselves, persons who may be termed frail bibbers, and some who regard as the chief attraction of certain of our places of amuse ment the possibility of gratifying their appetite without comment. Physicians also know of cases where ladies of a higher station take as medicine various " strengthening tinctures," less medicinal than alcoholic. But these keep their shame con cealed ; they do not obtrude it on the public view. None of our most censorious critics have yet ven tured to inform us that even " girls of eighteen, the daughters of our most respectable merchants, have been seen grossly intoxicated upon our public streets." An American journal, of good character, gives us this piece of information; andlrom private sources we can, unfortunately, corroborate many of its statements. Ladies of- good position in society have been noticed in Broadway passing along in all the majesty of silks, satins, and diamonds, but with a step lamentably unsteady. The "watering-places" have become "liquoring-places" for many of them ; there the young belles of the season first become ini tiated in the fashionable.vice. They sit out on the piazzas in the long evenings, and separated from the usual si*bots and routine of life, permit themselves more freedom than usual. They think it amusing, we are told, to be made " funny" by drinking with gentlemen. But it unfortunately happens that this " passing spree " does not pass away altogether when they return to town. They have created an appetite which is in no hurry to leave them. Nor need they give it up for want of opportunities to gratify their vitiated tastes. They go out shopping, and the merchants always keep on hand a bottle of wine, lest his customers should thirst in vain. They visit their modistes, and their establishments, it ap pears, are fashionable drinking-houses also. It is not merely that the proprietor offers her customers a &Its of wine, but she really sells her whatever drink is most agreeable, and sets it down in the bill as " small trimmings." " Small trimmings !" it is the title of an essay, but perhaps the essayist would prefer that of " extra-luncheons," which is the synonyme adopted at the watering-place hotels. But beside these panders, there are the " ladies' restaurants." In some of these " saloons" there is nothing to- shock the most fastidious eye upon the bill of fare--none but the initiated understand the full meaning of the considerate intimation : " if you do not see what you want, ask for it." But there are other restaurants where this affected 'reticence is not observed—restaurants where " all sorts of fancy drinks are as freely ordered by, and supplied to, women as creams and ices used to be." Fashionable ladies enter here unattended, we are told, and call for liquors at all hours of the day. Wine is not what they want, they can get wine readily enough at home. Nor do they care greatly for claret punches, sherry-cobblers, and the like : these they can sip at evening parties, before gentlemen. But Kinahan's " Lord Lieutenant" whisky, or imita tions, and undiluted brandy, are forbidden fruit at such social reunions. They are obtainable at the restaurants. For these are the voices of the fashion able ladies, " moving in the best circles," heard calling at all hours of the day. And when such is the case, who can wonder that the illicit enjoyment occasionally becomes a topic of public conversation, from the demeanour of the habitues in the street ? It is perhaps the most melancholy sight that can be conceived, that of matrons and maidens afflicted with this dipsomania. We have suggested one mode of moderating the evil ; the Americans have found out another, which is but a palliation in particular cases. " Some of the most elegant ladies of our leading cities," says an American journal, "will pass this summer not at .Saratoga or Newport, as usual, but at an asylum for inebriates." After such an announcement there is no need of drawing a moral. THE " SATURDAY REVIEW" ON THE SCHOOL MASTER AT TAVISTOCK.--Earl Russell was quite right in being early in the field with his testimo nials for the office of Shoolma,ster Abroad. It is astonishing what an amount of latent knowlege and Unpractised skill in the 'pedagogic art the Parlia mentary recess bring out ; and in a few weeks the locallnstitutions and Athenm and Mutual Improve met t Clubs will be alive with unusual activity, and with the presence of peers and M.P.'s who are ready and willing to relieve themselves of all the suppressed literature and science which they have secreted in London. The late Premier has just published his " Inaugural Address delivered at Tavistock at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Litera ture, Science, and Art." Inaugural is a very fine word, but what in this case is inaugurated we are totally unable to guess. Every yeat that the Devon Association exists, perhaps, it is " inaugurated." But is Earl Russell the augur ? or is he inaugu rated ? If so, what does he inaugurate—himself, or the meeting ? It wants an augur to tell us. " Inaugural" we suppose, for the news paper sense of the word is sufficiently vague, means superficial. Anyhow, it does so in the present instance. " Literature, science, and art" . —this was the little all which Earl Russell pro posed to consider. In eighteen pages of large print he has traversed the whole field of human inquiry, and has taken a bird's-eye view of the entire range of the world's history, and of the progress of man kind from the earliest times, with a luminous sy noptical prospect of what we are to be some centu ries or melee hence. As to art, certainly Lord Russell is silent, and for the very conclusive reason that, because Reynolds was born in Devonshire, and Eastlake, a native of the county, has recently died, he has nothing to say on the subject. The whole passage has such a grotesque and ridiculous resem blance to a reason, that we quote it :—" The sub ject of art I shall riot venture to touch. The county which produced Sir Joshua Reynolds, and which has had lately to lament the death of Eastlake, is a native soil for art, and needs not my feeble com mentary." What is meant by a feeble commen tary on a county we know not, as the earl was not supposed to be writing a topographical dictionary ; but why the fact that two considerable artists were Devonians relieved the inaugurator from discoursing on art in Devonshire at all, is still more difficult to understand. A little larger application of this ar gument might relieve the earl, and a good many other noble and senatorial lecturers, from their an nual labours. England has produced Milton and Shakspeare, Bacon and Newton, Gibbon and Hal lam. It is the native soil for literature and science, and needs not " my," nor any, feeble commentary. Before quitting the pure boundless fields of theo retical and abstract science the noble lecturer becomes practical. "We have in this country a Museum . . . but so cabined, cribbed, confined, that the examination of our vast collections is im possible and their possession useless, while science pauses in despair beforethe giant of false economy where he stands with uplifted club ready to strike back the rash intruder who would penetrate into the mysteries he conceals. Let us hope another year will not pass away without an ample grant for enlarging the British Museum &c." If there is a giant and a club in the case, it is the first time that Earl Russell has been classed among the sons of Anak ; but did it not occur to his lordship that, as he had been in office for twenty five years, and Prime Minister three times, he mi g ht as well have not left it to his political enemies to make that ample grant which has been persistently urged upon him and his party for as many years as they have held office ? If, as is true enough, the state of the British Museum is a national disgrace, who is more responsible for it than Earl Russell himself, and who more interested in its enlargement than the Bedford family, whose property sur rounds it on every side ? In the spacious fields of literature, its state and " changes during the last and present , century," Earl RusseW gives the rein to his pony, for the noble animal which he bestrides has not acquired the dignity of*ven a hobby-horse. The " muse of poetry and the muse of history " are canvassed ; and we are told how, quitting the august themes of princes and warriors, the poet has, in these latter days, dwelt with delight on the charms of home. We are bid to listen to the simple lays of the " Cotter's Saturday Night," and the bubbling of Cowper's tea-kettle ; and, as regards history, we are assured that the State Paper Office is a more trustworthy guide than " the legends of ancient Rome, which Niebuhr and " George Lewis taught us to distrust." Then, after a passing introduction of that detestable bore, the New Zealander, and the ruins of St. Paul's, we have some deep reflections on the Europe of the future. There is much to be said for small States ; or there was much to be said, as witness Athens and Florence. But nowadays the tide of events seems to be running in favour of large kingdoms. There is much to be said for them ; for the little principalities of modern Italy and Germany are not encouraging. We must be careful not to absorb small communities " without political necessity," and so on. Then, as regards the religious ten dency of the times, everything seems to be against centralisation. We have relaxed persecuting laws, let us go on in a spirit of forbearance. "If ye love me, keep my commandments," is the substance of the Gospel ; and when we do this we shall under stand the Gloria in Excelsis—and so the lecture ends. The lecture is what women call a sweet, pretty lecture. It is all about everything in general and nothing in particular. We have heard it all before, and there is not one single word of originality or novelty in it. Nor a single old thought dressed up even in the imitation of novelty ; platitude, common-place, and the most elementary, sketchy, general sort of knowledge, which is no know ledge at all. Now pemmican, the condensed and consolidated essence of meat, is one thing, dish-vi ash i n gs are another. There is no call on Earl Russell to be an authority in literature ; but there is a call on one who has a name of a sort, and who has occupied the very highest position which an Englishman can ob tain, not to sink to the level of a country curate's penny lecture. It is no disgrace for a statesman to have nothing to say on the subjects which Earl Rus sell handles; but it is a disgrace to say your nothing, and to say it with such abject nothingness. Men as little skilled in art and literature and science have lectured before Earl Russell—Lord Palmerston for example. But there was always this to be said for the Romney professor, that he knew he was fooling, and not fooling admirably. Lord Palmer ston was dull, and Earl Russell is dull—dull to the lowest stage of dulness—but then he does not know that he is dull. His predecessor did. We are not saying that a Premier retired from business might not edify and instruct his friends and neighbours even in an " inaugural lecture." He might, if he were a great man, having dealt in great affairs, say much worth listening to. But Earl Russell's talk is not worth listening to ; not worth saying, not worth reading, and, above all, not worth printing. If the necessities of talking at Tavistock were so pressing as that this poor flimsy lecture was forced out of the late Premier, it was at any rate within his own choice to let it die as fast as its frail organiza tion had any strength to die. Earl Russell has preferred to add another leaf to his literary works, and his last work certainly does not promise to enjoy greater fame than this little novel, his little tragedy, or his little history. THE REVISION OF THE NEUTRALITY L AWS The Times reiterates the opinion it has before ex pressed that the English Government have rightly declined to submit to the demands of the American Government for a reference to arbitration of the questions arising out of the depredations on s , Ame rican commerce by the Alabama, a ship built and equipped without the knowledge and against the will of our Government. But the recent proceed ings of the United States Congress, much as they are to be regretted, from the tone and object with which they are introduced, point out to us another course by which, without the least surrender of national dignity, we may attain a final and satisfac tory arrangement of questions which must recur again and again, and always with increasing bitter ness and increasing risk of forcing us to exchange what is rapidly becoming our normal position as neutrals for that of an unwilling because really un interested and unconscious belligerent. There is really no divergence between the interests of Eng land and the interests-of the rest of the world in this matter, and it is quite possible to do all that is de sired without losing anything by the concession. Congress proposes to repeal many of the existing provisions of the American law avowedly for the purpose of assimilating the law of America to the law of England, but really with the view of multi plying causes of offence and trouble in future years. Should we not meet the threat in a manner at once wise and dignified if we were to employ the present recess in considering, not how we may multiply causes of offence, bat how we may remove those that unfortunately exist ? Let us reconsider our municipal law as to the interference of British sub jects in the wars of other nations, and see whether it may not be possible to extend the stringency of our law so as to prevent the recurrence of future offence. The opportunity is favourable. We are, happily, at peace, and without, as far as we can see, any prospect of a rupture. In time of war these changes cannot be made without the appearance, perhaps the reality, of favouritism to one side or the other. We have a new Government, which may fairly reconsider the whole question of our neutrality laws, with the double advantage that it has no past error to defend and no consistency to justify, and that it has the experience gathered from four years of maritime neutrality to guide it. A FORMIDABLE ALLTANC E. —The Daily News holds that the real attraction which has drawn the United States and Russia together is not any resemblance in the spirit or form of their domestic institutions. The truth is that the United States and Russia feel that they occupy an analogous, though not an identical, position to wards the older nations and civilisation of Western Europe. They stand without the charmed circle, and receive from it scant and doubtful recogni tion. Their less perfect culture encounters a supercilious criticism which rankles in the minds of its objects. Their growing power and increasing territory excite alarm. It is obscurely felt that the future of the world lies in its yet un occupied spaces and in the younger communities which are destined to colonise them. Russia holds in her hands the keys of the East ; it is the mani fest destiny of the United States to control the West. Lying thus, as it were, on the verge of the older civilisation of the world, conscious of a great future, removed by geographical distance from the chances of collision and rivalry, and sensitive to the same re fined contempt, Russia and America arc drawn together by an indefinable but real sympathy. And then certain parallel passages in the recent domestic history of the two countries have done much to draw them together. While the Americans were engaged in the struggle which was to bring about the aboli tion of slavery, the Emperor of Russia was occupie d in framing measures for the emancipation of three: and-twenty millions of serfs. Both have had 1,1 encounter and overcome the resistance of a power' territorial aristocracy, using different weapons for substantially the sam e object. Vie CI problem of the consoldati on o f the victory T l ' . has been gained, by the organisation of free labour! and by the creation of a middl e c lass between the emancipated peasants and their former lords, avi al . a , solution in both countries. Russian s ympathyv% the American war was reciprocated by Amer iea sympathy with Russia as against the Polish in sur, gents. These things, however, are superficial land dents in an international movement which had es t has deeper and more permanent causes- - co ls he which will operate for good a n d for evil on of future of the Republic and of the Empire, and. L.- the world in whichthey are destined to play an creasingly important and decisive part. WILLS AND BEQUESTS. (From the Illustrated London News.) The will of the late Lieut. Colonel Charles Clement Deacon, 61st Foot, who died at Eager' in the East Indies, has only recently been proved is London. The executors appointed were Colonel 11: G. Rainey and the testator's. brother, Major W r . " r : Deacon, both formerly of the 61st Regim e n The will is dated Sept 7, 1857, then before the city of Delhi. The gallant colonel has bequeathed the whole of his property, real and personal, to his wi fe ' for her own absolute use and benefit. The will of John Vanner, Esq., silk manuf,e . ° ' turer, of Coleman-street, City, and of Stamford -11w ' was proved in London, on the 14th ult., under £45,000 personalty, the executors appointed being his sons, John and James E. Vanner, and Charle s Early. The will is dated April 21; 1859, and be died in June last, at the Bedford Hotel, Brighton, aged 66. To his wife he leaves a life interest in I/ considerable portion of his property, which at h er decease is to be divided equally between bin r ia% children, whom he appoints his residuary legate °. He bequeaths to each of his grandchildren a legal of £2OO, to he paid on their respectively attaining, the age of 21 years. To the Wesleyan Preach°, Sons' School £2OO, and to the Wesleyan Preacher Fund, £2OO. The will of Henry Littledale, Esq., late of Craig *. court, Charing-cross, and of Kempston Grang e : Bedford, formerly of Ihrley-street, was proved in London, on the 7th ult., by his nephews, Cliar l° R. Littledale, Arthur Littledale, and Harry The ton, Esqs., the executors. The personalty W sworn under £60,000. The will is dated June 22 ' 1866, and he died on the same day on which it W executed, at his residence, Craig's-court, at the a„.„. e of 81. He leaves to each of his executors for th e n trouble £3OO, and to each a further bequest as f ° lows :—To Charles Littledale, £2,000 ; to Art har d Littledale and Harry Thornton, each £3,50 0, 9° appointh the two last-named nephews residual legatees. He leaves to Julia Thornton, wido w° his late nephew, Thornton, all his furniture} books and pictures, both at his residence at 1( 33 ,.r s ston Grange and at Craig's-court, together viltu l a legacy of £l,OOO and the occupation of his fre . ene e j mansion, Kempston Grange. He has left lih i e r to legacies to his nephews, nieces, and others ; ln g . his bailiff,William Ross, £l,OOO, free of legacy u° COUNTRY MARKETS. --~ CHELMSFORD—SETT. 7. The wheat in the market to-day was rather a shortsl4l ply, but it was in good demand at an advance of froilliai to 3s per qr. on the prices of last week. Spring corn °,` 0 ,0 descriptions was firm at the rates of last week, an business transacted was moderate. ~,,, 42 1 Wheat, old white....4Bs 59s Peas, Partridge ...... 7,„ - 360 new .4 a Eza White ...... ...•34' ..-0 old red 24s 48s B,lling ...• •••• - 4 00 new. 40s 51s Dun.... ..... ••• 38 : ~..0 'Barley.. 250 33s ditto neW•• ••:;-, 4 30 Chevalier --s —s Beans, Tick, old.•••••„ 42 0 Grinding 25s 30s new. • ••°°,„„" 460 Malt... 5BB toe Harrow licks•l'' 44 0 Chevalier 6'is 620 400 0 new• • •., 4 2 Oats GRANTAM—SEPT. 8.. oft Old white wheat, 53s to 565; old red, 50s to 5 2 ; Dar white, 52s to 56s ; new red, 47s to 52s per 36 stons.„„er ley for malting, 36s to 42s per qr. ; grinding, 3 0 s t o 30 stone. Oats, old, 30s to 32s ; new, 25s to 30s Pe,roo. stone. Beans, old, 48s to 51s; new, 44s to 46s per 38 "`" Peas, 36s to 40s per 36 stone. COLCHESTER—SEPT. 8. la Not much wheat at market, and all was quicklYr 3s to 4s per qr. advanco. Barleys iu moderate supPili o t. 2s per qr. dearer. Scarcely any beans or peas at 1 113 r 444 Wheat, white 43s 598 1 Beane, Mazagan.....•i.'' 484 red.. its .4s I Middle and small 44 ' 42. 1 Harley 34s 43s Peas, white .......... 4 20 Oats grey NORTHAMP T ON—SEPT. 8. o ld New white wheat, 48s to 51s; new red, 46s to 5 0 .„s ; r iot white, 47s to 50s ; old red, 45s to 49s per 36 stone. -Vt r 30 for malting, —s to —s per qr. ; grinding, 30s to 36s stone. Oats, old, 22s to 31s ; new, 28s to 30s per 24 sc vol Beans, old, 46s to 49s ; now, 42s to 45s per 38 stone. 38s to 42s pex'36 stone. . 7. on o There was a comparatively small attendance of flt o r at market to-day, they being generally engaged Wit.ket, vest work. Some samples of new oats were in the r price and one or two were sold at 25s to 26s per qr. for O offered by dealers for new oats was 235; and ' 1 11 here 265. White wheat 50s ad to 51s Od) g9it, 31/ bushel. Red wheat 45s Od to 46s 04 "-- h o, Potato oats 27s Od to 27s 6di 40/b il bu s Common oats 24s Od to 24s 6d Bere 30s Od to 31s Oclf 53th ? 1)0 0. Barley 328 Od to 32s 6d f 2 0. Oatmeal 198 6d to 20s Od V boll a-, 48 0;D Flour, fine 38s Od to 39s Od iti sack 01' KIRKCALDY—SErT. 8. end Small supply of wheat, only three parcels of 10 , 9 °,11 no oats. Wheat 2s per qr. up. Barley unchanged. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First...— 49s Od —s Od Od second 51s Od —8 Od — 8 A 7, Third 5.0,1 —s Od —s " COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market- 0. di . s. d. Walls End Hetton 22 0 Heugh Hall ............ 2 20 1 9 Tees Hartlepool Braddyell's Hetton 2l 6 Holywell Main .... : .... 21 ; South Hetton Caradoc 2l 9 West Hartley ........ Ships at market, 51—sold, 50. fr• FIRST ALL-ENGLAND PLOUGHING IVILPI v . at The first match this autumn to o k pl ace on Til tir '",,, il. olote . Kingcote, Gloucestershire, on a pi ece of grass-land wa rate order for showin g th e pl oug hi ng . The firs t ali fi riO cond prizes in the champion class, and three otheilf 0 00 a• in the field, were aw ar d e d t o pl oug h m en 1 113 x 11 . Ransome's plough, of [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's rills.—To , : Danger.—Diseases commonly come on with slig i t 0 " toms, -which, when neglected, increase in int Gus tfi° gradually grow d angerous — a con diti on which botr 3 r daoc ° grossest remissn e s s , w h en th e pill s , t a ken in ac c j il 10' 1( ! with their accompanying directions, would not 0 3 .,4 t ie0w checked but conquered the incipient disorder. ~"„,-strli, daily forward details of the most remarkable tin",:acift,- tive cases in which timely attention to liollowsY 1:10'" has undoubtedly saved them from severe illnesses ic u pills act primarily on the digestive organs, iiP ° o stimulate when slow and imperfect and, soon w hell o f the blood, which is thoroughly purified by then3l,er is derived the general tone they impart and their Iyr ; 5 COts" subjugating hypochondriasis, dyspepsia, and 'W I° plaints. ir a t t h T s h . FORBES -On the 6th ins E t • coun ty Kildare, Ireland, the wife H ° of Major the on• The Curragh Ca l g . T e Os' - of a son. or the KENDALL -On the 9th inst. , at Mount Radford, Br.e:OW wife of John Kendall, ph Esq., o f 5 , Upper Phi - if, dens, Kensington, of a son. Pe LAMBERT -On the Bth inst.,at 9 Portugal-street, the wife of Alan Lambert, ' Esq., of a son. , w oo. , ert WILSON-On the Bth inst., at 9, Dean's-yard , vY4S ta - ter• .' the wife of Allan Wilson, Esq C.E., of a bug hi Marriages. , Q h cb tirc o BA TTYE-BIBBY-On the 6th inst., at the 13 5 "1 - PCI ) Childwall, Richard Battye, of the Inner Ten3Pieldaeld• Frances, daughter of James J. Bibby, Esq., S ul ' il 31 ii oel3* L - L MSDEN-MYEItS -On the sth • tat I llintui ct L). Ins .1 Henry B. Lumsden, C. 8., commanding 1 1 9 . e f De ih, a ,p, tingent, eldest son o Col. T. Lumsden, 0. 13., °"" the ' f Lodge, Aberdeenshire, to Fanny, daughter F a lbofo( o C. J. Myers, M.A., vicar of Flinthaw, late Trinity College, Cambridge. Deaths. osf aelV CnownEN-On the 7tla inst., at Old Kent -road, J. Cr Esq., aged 84. w W. C° P el COPE-On the Bth inst., at Sidmoutb, Devon, - • . diss Esq., aged 83. hire: w " HENDERSON-On the sth inst., at Park , Itenfrows ie P Henderson, of Blytheswood-square, G'lasgovr. ic, i t HowDEN-On the 6th inst., at St. Johu's-ivood-Par o f l Howden, Esq., aged 46. 11 1 f e:l/ M'CALL -On the 7th inst., at Daldo wio, James '-'• 0: Daldowie, Lanarkshire, aged 89. If r V rt a r ilje lf MAITLAND - On the Bth inst., a t Boulogne-sur--° ,cap Thos. Maitland, Esq., of 7 0 , Avenue-road, tef2rel' J. aged 65. et, l ' ir, PERRY-On the 9th inst., at 12, New Bond-stre WO' B. Perry, formerly of Nottingham, age d 82. rat A rO, klia PLATT-On the 9th inst., at Park-roa., - C be ll Platt, aged 91. n, steP 00 STONE-On the Bth inst., at Brighthamptona Stone, Esq., F.S.A., aged 56. ------:- _ o f _____ .4.10 il 1 , 014 11 London : Printed and Published byVVILLIA ~,,e. sontY 0; t" of No. 112, Strand, Painte r, at Tar. Suri 0 ;!: co Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, ill htiddlese3G-Tuesday, September 11, 1866. New c hard s ecripti°W or PAS e t °Gd tl, O 1:3 e !ge-sq l COUNTR, PTIR P II tSS a ko:rtticulars h at their 5 AU CrIO . nar- sire t 0 l eTri °lit. ofn cal p L A sc4, ne Er ' ai Cant cc -04tra, L t ills !kls t ir tl ie n ri 7 T/1E c ( th k , I ', the Ist W ill b e 1 • 14 to ; , ott ' ~Jl eStr s %re "e fon Of th e 131