The Sun. — London, England, 1852-09-07 00:00:00

ity of 111 iecre B . i e era 1- daring Ole th the in O il , 1, a n EL 0 ' fOrith°' 1,05 6 45 6 ° , d ig on otul t d ion* p it 229 orke 4 01 0 WY 1/ 0 0 i-W el e 10 ' • 64'C Y.) )A - a sirs all l iden ee ' ief brig NO tile Vet . A mer le from r' I; bW ale f 4 i )° ostsfi°l OPe' • e s 0 111 e lg I lit o i l , On, 0 1 4e Cs, jobri'' sewn; it bpi' THE ANNANDALE PEERAGE. The fallowing is a concise history of this illus trious, distinguished, and noble house. The Johnstons atit efDi umfries,hi re an d A nnan d a l e are o f very great quitY, and ever distinguished tor their patriotigni p s e n r db n revery. so They first be m cee ennobled in the of Sir James Johnston, who was first created Lord Johnston in 1633, and then Earl of Hartfield in b Charles the First. He w as s ucceeded by Ill s son James, second Earl of Hartfield, who subse quently, by the King's permission, changed that title to a the E ar l o f Annandale. He was succeeded by hi s in William, the third Earl of th e f a mily, but second arl of Annandale, who was created Marquis of An nandale in the year 1701, by William the Third. He Was succeeded by his son by his first wife, James, the second Marquis, who dying without issue, was succeeded by his half-brother, Lord George, who by a m i nd of lu n a c y was declared of unsound ra d ever S i nce t h e year 1745, and subsequently a; m -e ' l7 l eaving no issue, since when the title nas re baied i n a b eyance, an d t h e i mmense f a mily estates ave been estranged from the family. However, Mr. George Souter Johnston (who rured wi t h hi s reg i ment, t h e 38 t h F oo t, in the last Claims to be Marquis and Earl of Annandale, and other minor titles, and to the vast estates (upwards of 5010001. per annum) appertaining thereto. He f ° lluds his claim as sole hair to his father, the late gallant and venerable Lieut.-General Sauter Johnston, Commandant of all her Majesty's Marine Forces, t he was grandson to the first Earl of Hartfield, and A--e only surviving brother to the late Marquis of —n nsticlale, and who assumed the title of Marquis and veoted as such at the election of the Scotch Peers to l i o t in the imperial House of Lords about the year 08 , and then preferred his claim to it. The Gallant General died in the year 1818, since when his only a c r, the present cla i mant to t h e M arqu i sa te and Earl "; honours and estates of Annandale, has never c eased at proper periods urging his right of succession 11 .ir at la w , and his petition to that effect Was presented some few years ago to the House v Wit Lords by the present Marquis of Londonderry. t Mr. George Souter Johnston has hitherto met with great difficulties in prosecuting his claims to a great issue by reason of two persons(one a solici d having absconded with most important original case, records, and certificates relating to the , to rectify which' the most active measures and -car • • . . searching inquiries are being pursued, which there is no doubt w ill u l t i mate l y prove success f u l , an d a t once B:4t at rest all co ll a t era l as pi ran t s , w h o unjustifiably sn tue the s urname o f J o hn s ton, in order to give mor ea_ speciou sness t o th e i r p re t ens ions. Mr. George (7 11 ter Joh ns t on ' s pet i t i on i s s till p e nding b e f o r e the vrotnitte e of Privileges of the House of Lords. tr ., HAYMARKET THEATRE. e are happy in being able to record Mrs. Keeley's a ppearance after her late severe accident, which I,ll3l`lered her f o r som e weeks unable to perform. 000: drama of Jack Sheppard was revived for the —1 ) 11 , and with it was revived her very popular th l ir esentati ve of its hero. A large and fashionable a l etleto assembled to celebrate the event, and testified frequental tk and energe ti c plaudits their gratification the:4) perfect restoration of this lady's health, and th e ir admiration of the unimpaired powers of one of our most natural and effective actresses who have in of I c l l aya endeavoured to sustain the waning fortunes ce,,toL British stage. Paul Bedford sustained his rated role of Blueskin. CREMORNE GARDENS. Saar a , - " 4 DESCENT OF MADAME POITEVIN / i ar BY A PARACHUTE. gr eet - Me years the use of parachutes has in a cal measure been abandoned. The lamentable ac eourent that occurred to Mr. Cocking in 1838 dis eae a iled thoroughly those appendages to an aerial . Urei on 144 4 • As so many years have elapsed since the of ~'. a nta of the metropolis have had an opportunity of with to alo a safe descent from a balloon by means pl oye P a raehute a description of the apparatus em - To: car on this ' occasion may prove interesting. t en f is c ompose d o f light wicker-work, about a et ro ee t in diameter, secured by means of ropes to f eet . °g circular iron tubing, about twelve or fifteen teb n l i n diameter. Between the car and the circular ailk —a , r frame alluded to, is firmly attached some stout too I Zlxed to elastic frame-work, similar to that of be' 'nary umbrella, h it greatl resembles, le g , th closed during the ascent and expanding se cur e course of the descent. In order to 44 11 e th e proper expansion of the parachute, fe eoi to avoid any accident, M. Poitevin has th e experience found it advisable to open quantity cf the balloon and discharge a considerable abt e l:l ;„`Y of gas, by which means two advantages are alo e 'd—firat, the ascertainment of the due expan d °f -ep r i the parachute, and secondly, by thus having le v i t y ed the balloon of a great part of its " force of th e , 5 37 1" prevents its dangerously rapid ascent after the parachute has been detached from it. Havieg a eote tn d entioned a f ew o f th e pr i nc i pa l par ti cu l ars con ' ce e d , With the cons t ruc ti on o f a p a r a ch u te, we pr 0 )4.4 )4. 4 ' 0 det a il the ascent an d d escent o f Moos. and atiV re . ladoitevin y e sterday evening. its. Poitevin Si ol utay (who was driven into the gardens by Mr. P B °T l at half-past six o'clock precisely) having ec their seats in their repective cars, orders were w sty h l e e n . e ah for those, who held the balloon b t e o au le t t if g ul o, Whi l as eent was accompliahed in all c at over Clapham-common, and about 5,000 feet ° e :, t he earth, the parachute was detached, and so sp e a eLY were the arrangements made, that to the Pen the the parachute appeared for some . time sus talireecl in the air without any sensible descent rb aft Place ; i it t then sensibly but slowly descended ; itrt midway it appeared again to be stationer slowly, and with apparently_dey; Lveiasiog velocity, arrived at the earth. M. Poi safely descent where a tn ajel iT a r o o n tn .w p a li s alied his descent at Streatham, i toxiet Y, and °f the safely brought to terra firma. seas any to laea great Parachute was watched wi . th much people rode and drove after it in d ambers, The enterprise appeared to be considered presumptuous feat, but the steadi d ah ore of the descent soon reassured the spectators, l a t n . high' w as general expression of admiration. is leor_Y creditable to Mr. Simpson, the lessee of Cre u e_ 3,e4teeagardens, that, before allowing the descent f b rda y, he requested that the parachute should h eavi e allowed to come down loaded with a weight that a e a r t han a human being, to test its safety ; and aaania`periment was made, as we stated in Friday :a detni °l:l , Thursday last. Madame Poitevin is 3V1.. 4 11t(i e ' a l ady of great courage, and is said to h av e The I% ae nearly 30 descents by parachute abroad. ae to , Tient unfavourable character of the weather te a ~eni at damped the pleasure of the afterpart of h air ehagla e ntertainments, which partook of an open- S, 4 : 4 cter, but this was greatly mitigated by the e a , l tet ' a - , c a cer onindation afforded by the numerous es,e et!obe-crocnv.enient arbours, the spacious theatre, c. c 0 this establishment. In the latter Madame ho ~t / Was introduced to the anxious assemblage, bea st greeted hersafe arrival by three rounds of , 41 4b", cuee rs• The other sources of entertainment "ast o l a catered for at these gardens were of their 4 alta 9 r 4r Y e xcellence. Madame Poitevin will make tir descent on Tbursdey next. %it T O THE EDITOROF THE BUN. e 4i l--11 ). Your article in The Sun seem to be 441 :lo - In't'i respecting Frail, the barber, you ttbolltltraingitmder a mistake respecting his present whe.re ')ki p r ..; & WEIS at Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire, where oflie,l:4lY and Saturday last, where I . had . th b e ed pl t e o a o s s u o r r e . q e i s a ill g: and . speak'ng to that dist i ngu is hed Zia h. lujourning there at present u th is e benefit of ..'460164ttb, after the fatigue of the late elections. ,7 b r h; t his i nformation be of . any to in and his party ..,te w, ~g t he rnodern Oliveida Da in to you, .. so as sui'.",evan account of their stewardship," I shall be g ea't 6 -0 11 may depend upon its correctness, but I remain there. L 'evr how long h e may Lion I am, A Sir, c s . y o s u T r s A x respectfully, T p - h otel, Aber stith, Sept 6 . .._ .. , 4,., . Ltiv . e'tl2s.s--, Yesterday Mr. Brent held s i i i i n leice.parVr duration, at the Mitre, Conng housemaid ht i f i t g er u ra e c s e f : th "Ir. b i' , ttPon Anne Grathorex, aged ,_ 3 e 4 e ,. CN,.. tl hori,e,afield's family 4 Stanhope-Pi" late D.l H ankey, e a ra i -"ePer stated ° that deceased, who had ob li e v r e l d y two s " . .tit4. l -4 her situation I as conducted herself . s 1 , 11 0„) t liiril%ltnatli_il last aThursdayawshe flung when, while dining, h tt 4l ) wh im kt fork on the table, and rushed into her bed d having interrogated tt,,regerci;_er. witness followed h t er, , 141.;%reDiy,..ag_oi,er strange crnduc tb :i a th a out getting a satisfac- Ivith Ns, a „" Drought her into presence of her fellow; 1 4 4 t, her. I'l asked her , if there . was anything the matte or ti `er wi t Cie replied, ' Nothing. I can't tell what is the Ll ev 4 c l been Te. Witness then . asked her if she was in love, 4 1r . 'T /q r. j u s t ;gl3 , t , ed. She said, No • but I must say that tlr,, lt 'lge h aci 4 e. (the butler Witness further asked if It ea -rm. „. v . given her any l Luse for that attachment. She t i l cA, rll .e ov er '''' ) , , pot at all. cannot state the reason why -oeced lyi n l n?• At seven the next morning witness found h e, ° fora led lqitt the bed-room in such a frightful state that fieldof it,and he sent for Dr. Bruce, t riltß ti o P in c' g il to he pronounced life extinct. Shortly s e -me c i )sh o b‘ed deceased told her fellow -servant that she th,..4rri„,,e, die that night.D r Bruce said that when tlZtoyee, deceased had been two . hours dead, having te r ms 'l oh "rrielf by twisting twoaprons tightly several n cl her neck. Mr. Judge having proved that . the tlta,,„ l td a affection was wholly inex,Aicable, the jury re i'llt a verdict of insanity . e li dNi 1!,. e°LLISION NVII H . THE DUCHESS OF KENT.— r 't ker' "t the slight • chance of the Duchess of Kent stol4,_l:3:t‘hvelthavws:sS - o ru , n es' downi:i the river a few weeks !i k4 i: r e ,, to. t . , as b u. ne, Antwerp ever being oa 4- iit ;.' Sh e ',,'-' s to be able to ruanteaams -ship, -b b I t tee r ,,gell i, :,- , a been got on to the mud-bank at Grays, u wrati e , 81 Math t A isted and shattere I...era-i , allest impossible. Her engin d es, as ' 'Alt • g her , very little, and will amply repay to render her T • tr., lIR kt -,e 11;rr i A 1 , , th e e er Cos h t av o e f ...!ng magis ).eFit' end u r . •—alr. Beacloo, the C" 4, P, r i d ay en r , t • , T9 , 10r, the chief clerk, we s r l e for some time of volunteers to i t tote ll , 3 the lio%el 14i/lswttnelaLaM7tlber The questions and kry,iNe eitnilar to those re q ui red when a recruit io Q v . is sworn g rainy, THE SPORTING NOTES. No. enCI THE WARWICK MEETING. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. FlR,—The wailers for the principal races to-morrow I asp nut enabled to give, on account of the clouds of ' doubt which surround the running o many horses, but it is tolerably clear to my vision that the C.'s will occupy the first anl second places for the Borough Han dicap—Charley and Charming Woman for choice; that Hirsuta will carry off the Great Warwickshire Stakes; that Little Harry will be first, and Teddiugton second, for the Warwick Cup; that Paddy Bird and Gladiole will cceupy the first two places for the County Stakes, lanthe and Tophana being well up; that Bullfinch and Remunerator ought to be first and second for the Welter Cup; that Warwick and Cotton Lady should hold the premier positions for the Town Plate; and that Charley or Margaret of Arjou Rill walk over for the Avon Stakes. The betting this morning on to-morrow's races was as follows:—Borough Handicap-2 to 1 egat Charley. Warwick Cup-6 to 4on Little Harry, 2to 1 agst Teddington, sto I agst Cariboo, 10 to 1 any other. County .Makes-2 to 1 et.;st Paddy Bird, 4to 1 agst Gla diola 6to 1 agst lantho. Welter Cup-3 to 1 agst Bullfinch, 4 to 1 each egst Remunerator and Brawn, 6 to 1 any other. Town Plate-3 to 1 each agst Warwick and Cotton Lady, 6 any other. It will be seen by cr)mparing my remarks with the betting that the public take the same view of the results as I do; which necessitates, if my predictions should prove to be true, a heavy loss to the fielders. Le Juil is doing good work, will accept, and, I fancy, be a great favourite for the Cesarewitch. Hernandt a is going on all right, will not be brought out before the First October Meeting, when he seems destined to be triumphant in the third bout of the Third Triennial Stakes, having already won the first and se cond heats.—l am, &c., Sept. 7. THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF. SPORTINU I'ELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY. THE LEAMINGTON STAKES. 3 to 1 agst Lord WVilto❑'s Lady Evelyn—taken sto 1 agst Mr. Palmer's Goldfinder—taken and afterwards offered Towards the close of the betting, 3 to 1 was taken freely about Lad) Evelyn. Hugo was declared not to start at 4.15 P.M. Bush ranger was scratched for this and his other Warwick engagement in the morning. WARWICK CUP. 5 to 4 agst Mr. Howard's Little Harry 2 to 1 agst Mr. J. M. Stanley's Teddington—t 5 to 2 9 to 1 offered agst any other DONCASTER CHAMPAGNE STAKES. Even on The Reiver. THE GREAT YORKSHIRE HANDICAP. 5 to 1 apt Lord Glasgow's Knight of the Garter—t ST. LEGER. 5 to 2 agst Lord Exeter's Stockwell—take 3 to 1 3 to 1 agst Mr. John Scott's Songstress—taken and afterwards offered 4 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke—taken and afterwards offered 8 to 1 agst Duke of Richmond's Harbinger 9 to 1 sgst Lord Derby's Longbow The only bets were on John Scott's two, the mare most in favour, but the outlay moderate. Offers to take 10 to 1 each about Harbinger and Trousseau. THE CESAREWITCH STAKES. 1,000 to 30 agst Mr. Greville's Scarecrow 1,000 to 30 agst Mr. Phillips' Le Juif DERBY. 1,200 to 100 laid agst The Reiver Nothing else mentioned. COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, SEPT. 5. Her Majesty drove yesterday in an open carriage to the Ballock Bhuie, accompanied by the Princess Hohenlohe Langenbourg. His Royal Highness Prince Albert went out deer stalking. The dinner party yesterday included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Princess Ade laide of Ebbenlobe Langenbourg, and Lady Augusta Bruce. The Right Hon. J. W. Henley arrived in town on Saturday night from the continent. The Right Hon. Gentleman transacted business yesterday at the Board of Trade. The Marquis of Winchester had an interview with Mr. Secretary Walpole yesterday at the Home-office. Mr. Bond Cabbell, M.P., had also an interview with the Right Hon. Secretary. Dispatches were received from the Governor-Ge neral of Canada yesterday at the Colonial-office. Dispatches were also received from the Governors of the West India Islands. HOP IN 1 ELLIGEN CE. MAIDSTONE.—The weather during the last few days as done wonders for the hops, which are growing rapidly and looking exceedingly well. There is a little blight in some of the plantations, but it is nothing to signify. We shall grow a very large crop provided the weather continues flue. The duty is estimated at 240,0001. LENHAM.—The Effects of the fine weather are fully discernible in cur plantations, which present a really beautiful appearance. The hops are very clean, there being no vermin and but little mould. They will pay a large duty —some go so far as naming 235,0001. HIINTON.—The hops look remarkably well. Here and there is a little piece affected by the mould, but it is far from being general, and although much tumbled about by the late storm, yet we shall grow a capital crop. CANTERBURY.--A week or two since we were deplor ing the presence of mould in our hop gardens, accom panied by other discouraging appearances, and could discern little else than a limited crop and an inferior quality. The veil has heen removed, the weather has been propitious, and an abundant and excellent produce will now be the result. The hops are fast approaching maturity; they never looked better; and picking will soon become general. Already has a beginning been made in some grounds. The poles are bending with clusters of fine hops, many of them measuring nearly four inches in length. At Slurry Boughton, Fordwick, and other places, the sa me resu l t has attended the very favourable weather of the past week. The duty is ad vancing, and may now be safely estimated at upwards of 205,0001. BURWASH.—We have recovered •in great measure from the gale, and the present genial weather brings the hope forward very fast; in many gardens there will be but a top crop, but they are clear from vermin, and will produce a good sample; altogether our prospects are cer tainly cheering. EAST KENT.—In the hop district the attention is now drawing to the hops, which are a good crop, and the Irish are again on the roads to their annual places of work; and they will be much required to gather in the large crop. On the Hill district some care will be required in picking, as there is some mould. Although sulphur has been used to a considerable extent, there is a little of the evil to he found. Some pieces dressed with sulphur at cutting time have been much improved, though not cured entirely.— Sussex Express. FARNHAM, ALTON, AND COUNTRY DISTRICTS.—Our plantations have made great progress during the past week, and bid fair for a good crop, both as to quantity and quality. Picking will be pretty general about the 7th September. Mr. Charles Attfield, of Farnham, has been presented with a medal for hops shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and has received an order to supply her Majesty the Queen of the present year.—South-Easter n with hsnieofGazette. his growth o NEW Hors.--A pocket of Kent o f hops, very supe riorn: quality for first pickings, grown by J . Winn, Tun bridge, has arrived at market, and been sold by Tnlctchin and Thornton at 81. Messrs. Mease and Wild to Messrs. per cwt. FUNERAL or THE LATE DUKE OF HAMILTON. The mortal remains of the late venerable Duke, which arrived at the Motherwell station, about a mile and a half distant from Hamilton Palace, on Thursday, were without the least delay conveyed to the palace. The funeral took place on Saturday last, the present Duke of Hamilton, the Hon. C. A, Murray, Hon. Captain Murray, and other immediate rela tives and friends of the defunct Duke attending at the mournful solemnity. The magnificent mausoleum was con secrated on Wednesday last by the Bishop of London, pre paratory to the remains of the late Duke being placed in their last resting-place. SUPPOSED MURDER AT SIIEFFIELD.—On Friday evening about half-past seven two children, who were gather ing blackberries in a hedge-bottom at Eastbank, about a mile and a half to the south-east of Sheffield, discovered the dead body of a man almost concealed among the bushes that had overgrown the ditch. Upon an examination of the body by persons drawn together by the information of the children, it was found that the right cheek was mangled by an extensive semicircular wound, extending from the lower lip down the chin, following the lower jaw, and turning up ward to the corner of the eye. It was likewise found that there was a slight cut from the right side of the nose down ward, crossing the larger wound, and that the jaw-bone was broken. A few yards further down the hill a pool of blood was discovered, and marks upon the grass as though a heavy body had been there, and been dragged away. The right hand trousers' pocket was turned inside out, and the only property found on the body were two small song books and a new pair of lady's scissors. Various parts of the clothes were much smeared with blood. The appearance of the body led to the belief that it must have remained undis turbed for a day or two, for the blood was blackened and the wound flyblown. At an inquest held on Saturday evidence was given which leads to the belief that the body was that of Mr. A. Robinson, a travelling draper, residing in Spring gardens, Doncaster, but who regularly visited Sheffield once or twice a week. After hearing this evidence the inquest was adjourned to Wednesday next. ANNETTE ; A TALE.—Under this title, a new work is announced for immediate publication, which is likely to attract a large share of public attention. It is from the p fo e r n h o i f 23 l t o h n e g l a c t e e n N n V e i x l l i i e a n m wit e h d e i th c e k I n i e e t a r c o o p n o , l t c ti O n w p r e e l 88 1 . known The interest attacking to this publics ion will be greatly enhanced f rom thec i rcumsta nce that the tale is to be pre faced by a Memoir of the author, written by the Hon. Sir T. N. Talfou-d. UNIFORMITY OF TIME.— Exeter is taking the lead in the west of England in a movement to secure the adoption of Greenwich time. 'i he Astronomer Royal, in answer to a question put to him in reference to the tidal regulations, says that an alteration in the time would only require the next edition of the printed tables to be altered. the Admiralty would have to be memorialised before the Dockyard and other Government clocks could be altered a t Plymouth and Devonport, but aft er the Astronomer Royal , s opinion in re ference to the tide t a bl es, we may expect a favourable view of the question in that quarter. There can be no doubt but that uniformity of time would be a great desideratum, and we hope to tee it effected. SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY SPIRIT of the PUBLC JOURNALS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. TIMES.—A few days ago we laid before the public an outline of the case between the Peruvian and American Governments reqoecting the territorial sovereignty of the Lobos Islands. These islands are barren and uninhabitable rocks, emerging from the Pacific Ocean at a distance of some twenty or thirty miles from the northern shores of Peru. Without any capacities for agricultural production, and long considered as almost worthless property, they have recently acquired a value from the rich deposits of guano which they have been found to possess. As the importance of this commodity became manifest, the Government of Peru converted its heretofore nominal rights over the territory into active jurisdiction, and stationed vessels of war off the islands to prevent any shipments of guano except on terms of its own pre scribing. The British Government, though moved to opposition by its subjects, deferred to the authority thus exercised, but the United States resisted the claim, and alleged that the Peruvians had no such title to the territory as would give them exclusive rights of possession. They claimed the liberty, in short, of taking the guano without p tying for it, and, when a trader of New York applied to his Government for information on the subject, he was apprised by Mr. Webster that the " De partment of State" was " not aware" of any sovereignty vesting in Peru, but that whereas Ben jamin Morrell, jun., a citizen cf the States, had " discovered " these islands in 1823, it was possible that a certain title might pertain to the American Government itself. Since that time, the correspon dence which ensued between Mr. Webster and the Peruvian Minister at Washington has been laid be fore Congress, and we yesterday published the letter in which, under so recent a date as the 21st ult., the American Secretary maintains at length his own views of the question. The case of the Peruvian Government may be premised in a very few words. The islands in question designated by dis tinctive Spanish names, lie within a couple of hours' sail of the shore in a well-frequented sea. That they were not " occupied " in the formal sense of the term is true, for they were unfit for habi tasion ; but so notoriously had they been both " discovered " and appropriated that there is scarcely any good map, however ancient, which does not contain them, laid down and attached to what were then the old Spanish provinces of Peru. There is, in fact, not the smallest reason for pre suming that they escaped the knowledge or visits of those who settled or conquered the shores of the mainland ; nor is it in any degree probable that, before the uses of guano were known, any State or Government would have questioned the title or juris diction of Peru. It is against such evidence as this that Mr. 'Webster is reduced to plead. The original demurrer of the American Secretary rested on the double argument that Peru could show no claim at all, and that the States could produce the " disco very" of Benjamin Morrell in 1823. Unfortunately, however, for the latter plea, Mr. Webster himself has now been induced to found a third argument on facts of a totally opposite character, and whereas, in his communication to Captain Jewett, he hal spoken with studied respect of Benjamin Morrell's claims of disco very, he is now fain to defend himself against the appeals of the Peruvian Minister by the assertion that the citizens of the United States have been accus tomed to frequent these islands for fishing purposes ever since the year 1793 at the very latest—that is to say, for 30 years at least before their imputed discovery by Benjamin Morrell ! And " all this," now adds Mr. Webster, "is well known to the commercial world." Yet, nevertheless, the Ameri can Secretary in his note to the Peruvian Envoy does positively venture to allude again to this " supposed discovery, not indeed as " founding an exclusive right on the part of the United States (!)" but as "a fact fit to be considered in common with other facts and occurrences," and the import of this memorable "fact" he thus sums up :—" The truth appears to be that Captain Morrell was on a voyage of discovery, and did, in fact, discover, or was sup posed to have discovered—guano on these islands !" We trust that this argument will commend itself in its full force to the appreciation of European states men. The " discovery" of territory by an American thirty years after it had been confessedly frequented by other Americans, is still spoken of as something "supposed," and as a "fact" which, though not con clusive of the question, is " fit to be considered" by the side of others. Finally, what was originally ad vanced as the discovery of the island itself is com muted for the discovery of something upon it; so that if gold were suddenly to be found in the Isle of Man by a Frenchman, Louis Napoleon's Government might plead a claim to the mines. With regard to the positive title of Peru Mr. Webster is equally at fault for any arguments to invalidate the pretensions of that State: Its territorial rights, in fact, were as plain, as notorious, and as well recognised as any rights could be over territory of that description. The islands were not inhabited, for they were uninhabitable, but they were set down and described as Peruvian property when ever they were described at all. The Government of Peru did not maintain any protective force on the shores in question, because they were not imagined to contain anything worth protection ; but as soon as the negotiability of guano became known the juris diction of the State was duly exerted. As it is per fectly incontestable that the sovereignty of Peru over this territory received all the recognition that was claimed for it, the only true question is whether the sovereignty has been permitted to lapse. Forty years ago there would not have been a doubt about the Pe ruvian title, which was as plain as that of Great Britain to Australia, or of the United States to their unoccupied prairies. Now, however, Mr. Webster asserts that, inasmuch as the Am er i cans h av e habitually resorted for more tba n h a lf a cen tury to these islands for the pursuit o f seals and other animals , they have acquired a " bett er title," on the score of possession, " than could be maintained by Peru ; as if a long-established en croachment of fishermen on a foreign shore could confer on the State to which those fishermen belonged a right to enter on possession of the territory itself. No person can pretend to doubt that the sovereignty of these islands has been presumed from time imme morial, in so far as any thought was given to such a subject, to be vested in the Peruvian Government. The first notable exercise of its jurisdiction took place in 1833. Mr. Webster speaks of this act of sovereignty as " now appearing, just as if it had not previously been understood ; whereas he is compelled to admit that it actually produced a correspondence between the two Governments of 'Washington and Peru. This correspondence, too, he endeavours to turn to his own account, though it contains a complete refutation of his claims. When the Government of Peru, at the period above mentioned, warned off foreign vessels from the Lobos Islands, the American Envoy at Lima did certainly put in a remonstrance, but in this re monstrance, as Air. Webster himself confesses, so far from denying the original jurisdiction of the Peru vian Govern me nt, he actually solicited a modifica tion of the d ecree in favour of the American fisher men who "had b een allowed quietly to follo w th e i r occupation for so many years." Yet, in the very next paragraph of his note, Mr. Webster observes, " Her e then is a formal remonstrance on the part of the United States against the asserted sovereignty o f Peru over the Lobos Islands, to which no answer, as far as appears, was given." Now, if the reader will but reflect that in the preceding passage of this idea. tical note Mr. Webster himself had described this very remonstrance as "not formally denying the original right of Peru, but requesting a reconsidera tion of the decree," he will readily appreciate the justice of the conclusion which the American Secre tary now declares to constitute the " standing ground " of his countrymen. The fishermen and " sealers" of the States had long frequented without license the shores of certain islands always set down and distinguished as Peruvian territory. Wh en warned off no exception is taken to the jurisdiction exercised, but consideration is requested for the claims of usage in this particular occupation. Yet thi s " re monstrance" is now cited as a protest destructive of Peruvian sovereignty, and conveying to American citizens the right of entering upon the islands them selves to seize and export what they can find. CHRONICLE.—The restless and aspiring citi zens of the United States cannot endure the thought that any of the treasures of the we stern hemis phere should belong to others. With untiring energy they make effort after effort to grasp the p rizes wh ich most t e mpt their longing eyes. Even if they fail, there i s doubtless something pleasant to their fan cy in the mere attempt to outwit, to frighten, or to overreach their neighbours. They have tried hard for the sugars and cigars of Cuba, and their only " order" of chi valry is bound by piratical vows to drag the " Lone Star" into their orbit. They have secured the co d of the Bay of Fundy and now they covet the rich guano deposits of the Lobos Islands. The American Secretary himself throws but a very slender veil of sophism over the barefaced attempts of his keen a n d sharpwitted countrymen ; and so much is usually done by perseverance, audacity, and reckless assertion, that the justification, such as it is, of success, may v ery possibly reward his and their joint efforts. It is dit ficult to help giving some credit to a statement which is repeated again and again. There seems a sort of legitimacy in any claims that are constantly and unhesitatingly brought forward ; and the f ac t s on which international rights depend are often alike unknown and uninteresting to the mass of men. It is easy to pervert them—easy to make any statement respecting them that may suit the purpose of the mo ment. It happens, however, that the claim put for ward by the Americans to appropriate the guano of the Lobos Islands is asserted at a time when English men are peculiarly well able to judge of the merits of the question. Some of our own countrymen lately made a similar claim, but the English Govern ment refused to sanction it. Our agriculturists and shipowners were too deeply interested in the result to THE CALORIC SHIP. A NEW MOTIVE POWER. (From the New York Daily Tribune.) We took a hasty glance on Monday at the new steam-ship, building by Perrine, Patterson, and Stack, in Williamshurgh, and intended to test tho roughly the celebrated caloric engine invented by Captain Ericsson, and which, if successful, bids fair to supersede steam in all the innumerable uses to which that power is applied. Captain John Ericsson, a distinguished theoritical and practical mechanic, member of many scientific so- I cieties, and Knight of the Order of' Vasa was born in Verm e l an d, Central Sweden, in 1803. ' His strong taste for mechanics while a child was noticed by Count Pl a t en , an influential member of the Swedish C our t, who procured for Ericsson (when only nine years old) a place as cadet in an engineer corps, and at thirteen years old he was made a leveller iu the survey of t s he ea p . rop s o u se b d ship canal fro m the Baltic t o the North sequently, he l e ft th e corps and enteredt the army of Sweden, at first with the rank of ' spent much of hi s ti me in mecbani e ca a l " , gs.tiu' d ; iestsiland e speculations, and pr o j ecte d one of his earliest notengineable t inventions—a "Flame Engine," intended to work by condensing flame instead o f s t eam. la 1826 h ln . n g to England with the idea o f putt i ng hislearning operation, but was seriously disappointed in in course that mineral fuel would not answer. o machine was a failure, and w as never revived. But the the inventor was not disheartened, f or i n 1 829 be com peted for the prize offered by the Li verpool and Mn chester Railroad for the best locomoti ve , an d b uilt on e which ran at the (then) incredible speed of fifty miles per hour. A few years afterwards Mr. Ericsson came to this country, where his name has become widely known in connexion with numerous inventions of great utility. His improved management of guns, as applied on board the United States steamer Prince ton; his propeller, his semi cylindrical engine, his centrifugal blowers, &c., are well known. He added not a little to our department of the Great Exhibition, last year, where he had a new instrument for mea suring distances at sea, a hydrostatic gauge for measuring fluids under pressure, a reciprocating fluid-meter, an alarm baromet er , a pyrometer, a rotary fluid-meter, a new sea lead, model of a gas engine, &c. But of all his inventi ons , th a t w hi c h h as attracted most attention, and which (if successful) will work a revolution in motive power hardly second to that of steam itself, is the caloric engine. This invention was first brought before the public in 1833, at London, where he made an engine of five horse power, and exhibited it in operation to several scientific gentlemen. It was timidly but gene rally approved by intelligent men; but Brunel (the engineer of the Thames Tunnel, a most extraor dinary and much ridiculed undertaking), and Pro fessor Faraday (the eminent chemist), decided against the feasibility of the machine, and by means of the powerful indirect influence of that decision the Eng lish Government—which had at first seemed inclined to give the matter their attention—let it drop, and it wa s soon forgotten by the public. Latterly Mr. E. has revived the caloric engine in this country, and built two or three which have been in successful ope ration fer nearly a year. Two are at work in the foundry of Messrs. Hogg and Delamater, foot of Thirteenth-street, N.R., one of five and the other sixty horsepower; the latter has four cylinders. Two, of seventy-t wo i nc h es i n diameter, stand side by sid e . O ver eac h o f these is placed one much s ma ll er . Wi t hi n t h ese are pistons, exactly fitting their respective cylinders, and so connected that those within the lower and upper cylinders move together. Under the bottom of each of the lower cylinders a fire is applied. No other furnaces are employed. Neither boilers nor water are used. The lower is called the working cylinder ; the upper the supply cylinder. As the piston in the supply cylinder moves down, valves placed in its top open, and it becomes filled with cold air. As the piston rises within it these valves close, and the air within, unable to escape as it came, passes through another set of valves into a re ceiver, from whence it has to pass into the working cylinder to force up the working piston within it. As it leaves the receiver to perform this duty it passes through what is called the regenerator, which we shall soon explain, where it becomes heated to about four hundred and fifty degrees, and upon entering the working cylinder it is further heated by the fire under neath. We have said the working cylinder is much larger in diameter than the supply cylinder. Let us, for the sake of illustration merely, suppose it to contain double the area. The cold air which entered the upper cylinder will, therefore, but half fill the lower one. In the course of its passage to the latter, how ever, we have said that it passes through a regenator, and let us suppose that, as it enters the working cy linder, it has become heated to about four hundred and eighty degrees. At this temperature, atmo spheric air expands to double its volume. The same atmospheric air, therefore, which was contained within the supply cylinder, is now capable of filling one of twice its size. With this enlarged capacity it enters the working cylinder. We will further suppose the area of the piston within this cylinder to contain a thousand square inches, and the area of the piston in the supply cylinder above to contain but five hun dred. The air presses upon this with a mean force, we will suppose of about eleven pounds to each square inch; or in other words, with a weight of 5,500 pounds. Upon the surface of the lower piston the heated air is, however, pressing upward with a like force upon each of its one thousand square inches, or in other words, with a force of 11,000 pounds. Here, then, is a force which, after over coming the weight above, leaves a surplus of 5,500 pounds, if we make no allowance for friction. This surplus furnishes the working power of the engine. It will be readily seen that, after one stroke of its pistons is made, it will continue to work with this force, so long as sufficient heat is supplied to expand the air in the working cylinder to the extent stated ; for so long as the area of the lower piston is greater than that of the upper, and a like pressure is upon every square inch of each, so long will the greater piston push forward the smaller, as a two-pound weight upon one end of a balance will be quite sure to bear down one pound placed upon the other. We need hardly say, that after the air in the working cylinder has forced up the piston within it, a valve opens, and as it passes out, the pistons, by force of gravity, descend, and cold air again rushes into, and fills the supply cylinder, as we have before described. In this manner the two cylinders are alternately sup plied and discharged, causing the pistons in each to play up and down, substantially as they do in the steam-engine. We have endeavoured to explain the construction of the caloric engine. Its most striking feature consists in what is called by its inventor the regenerator. The power of the steam engine depends upon the heat employed to produce steam within its boilers, but that heat, amounting to about 1,200 deg., is entirely lost by condensation the moment it has once exerted its force upon the piston. If, instead of being so lost, all the heat used in creating the steam employed could, at the moment of condensation, be reconveyed to the furnace, there again to aid in pro ducing steam in the boilers, but a very little fuel would be necessary ; none, in fact, except just enough to supply the beat lost by ra diation. Now, the regenerator is composed of wire net, somewhat like that used in the manufac ture of sieves, placed side by side, until the series attain a thickness say of twelve inches. Through the almost innumerable cells formed by the interne. tion of these wires the air must pass on its way to the working cylinder. In passing through these it is so minutely subdivided that the particles composing it are brought into close contact with the metal which forms the wires. Now let us suppose, what actually takes place, that the side of the regenerator nearest the working cylinder is heated to a high temperature. Through this heated substance the air must pass before entering the cylinder, and in effecting this passage it takes up, as is demonstrated by the ther mometer, about 450 degrees of the 480 degrees of heat required, as we before stated, to double its volume. The additional 30 degrees are commu nicated by the fire beneath the cylinder. The air has thus become expanded ; it forces the piston upward ; it has done its work—valves open—and the imprisoned air, heated to 480 deg., passes from the cylinder, and again enters the regenerator, through which it must pass before leaving the machine. W e have said that the side of this instrument nearest the working cylinder is hot, and it should be here stated that the other side is kept cool, by the action upon it of the air entering in the opposite direction at each up-strokeof the pistons. Consequently, as the air from the working cylinder passes out, the wires ab sorb its heat so effectually, that when it leaves the regenerator, it has been rubbed of it all, except about 80 deg. In other words, as the air passes into the working cylinder, it gradually receives from the re generator about 450 deg. of heat ; and as it passes out, this is returned to the wires and is thus used over and over, the only purpose of the fires beneath the cylinders being t o supp l y the 30 dfg. of heat we ' have mentioned, and th at w hi ch is lost by radiation and expansion. The regenerator contained in the 60-horse enginead we have examined, measures 26 inches in beigh. a t _ "„ width internally. Each disc of wire comer has ten it ten contains 676 superficial inches, and the net inch, therefore, meshes to the inch. Each superfici/l(ib y 676, gives contains 100 meshes, which, m ultip 2 h i e v discs are 67,600 meshes in each disc, and se em ployed, it follows that the v as there are as regene ra tor contains 13,520,000 mes h es , and conseetuee discs as there are meshes, we find that the airn i many small s p a ces between h within is distributed in Hence it is evident that nearly every particle 01 about 27,000,000 minute ee, il. the whole volume of ai r , into very passin g through the regenerator, is brought very close contact surface w ith a of metal, wh ic h heats and cools alternately. The extent of thi s sur estimated, almost surpass es be face, When accurately omit to urge every available plea for treating those precious rocks as the common property of all who might choose to visit them. But the rights of the Peruvian Republic were so dearly indisputable that our Foreign Secretary had no choice but to declare that British subjects could not be protected in carrying off the property of Peru against her will. Perhaps the ardour of the Americans may have de rived a fresh stimulus from the thought that they are seeking what England has failed to obtain. At all events, it is diffi cu l t to believe that t h e real grounds of the Peruvian claim are known either to the people or to the Government of the United States. i The facts, however, are so few and simple that con tinued ignorance will be inexcusable. A brief sum mary will convince any European, at least, that Peru has right on her side, if she has not might. The Lobos Islands—that is, th e i slands o f t h e sea - w olv e s or seals—consi s t o f two groups, lying respectively about tw e l ve an d f orty.cne miles from the coast of Peru. Th e i r S pan i sh name, and their proximity to the continent, wou ld alone snake it prima facie pro bable that th e y were, from en early p e riod, reckoned as part of the d om i nions of Spain, and that they therefore bel ong to the Republic which has now suc ceeded to her rights. There is abundant evidence that they have, in point of fact, been so treated by Spanish authorities. A. m ap, w hi ch was i n a ll pro bability made 200 years ago, and the longitude of which is calcul a t e d f rom islands, in sc rib e d " I solas dTe oledo, los Loplacebos," within a group the territory of Peru ; an d it is added, in a note at 1574. In 1748, t wo em the botto m , that the y inen were fi rst discovered in s of Juan and D'Ulloa t Spanish navigators, , published a narrative of voyages in which the Islands of Lobos are specially mentioned by name as one of the points to be made, or at least to be sighted, by vessels bound to Paita; and in 1787, Alcedo, in his " Geographi ca l and Historical Diction ary"—an authority which e ven Mr. Webster, in his dispatch we published yesterday, affects to respect, while attempting to evade its decision—particularly describes them as compri se d within the Vice-Royalty of Fa. when, i n 183 4, t h e B r i t i s h schooner the islands, without the p ermission of the Peruvian er Aamcpcoeraddinnrgal Ls em p l oyed in seal-fishing off Government, the local authorities laid an embargo on the vessel. It is material to bear in mind that, as guano was not then known as an article of foreign commerce, it was not for the sake of that recently de veloped source of wealth that the Peruvian Govern ment thus treated the islands as part of its possessions. The matter was brought under the notice of Lord Palmerston, who was then Foreign Secretary, and he acquiesced, without the slightest hesitation, in the claims of Peru. In 1847, the Government of the Republic had a survey made of all the places within its dominions were guano was found, and in that survey the Lobos Islands are minutely described, and the amount of their stores carefully estimated. In short, the title of Peru to the Lobos Islands is as clear as any title can be to a territory not actually occu pied by man. The islands have not been inhabited, for the best of all reasons—viz., that no human being could have any inducement to wear away life on barren rocks of slate and granite, partially covered with beds of manure. That the Peruvians have not been• in the habit of resorting thither for guano is readily explained by the fact that they possess bound less stores of the precious commodity in more acces sible spots. But they have not altogether neglected the islands. From time immemorial, the Peruvian Indians have been accustomed to go there to obtain seals, birds, and eggs, cargoes of which articles they have carried to different places on the coast. The Government, howeverefearing,that the birds would be scared away by strangers, and that the deposits would consequently cease, have attempted, by every means in their power, to prevent the visits of these Indians. It is difficult to see how there could be a more com plete occupation of a spot which derives the whole of its value from the fact of its being uninhabited. As for the pretence that the islands were only discovered in the 19th century, not only is it contrary to known historical fact, but their geographical position renders it utterly absurd. Th e y are b ut a portion of a great bank of rocks which rise above the surface at different points of the Peruvian coast. Centuries before Eu ropeans ever saw the Pacific, the subjects of the Incas knew the uses and the value of guano; and all islands in their vicinity, containing deposits of a sub stance on which the agriculture of Peru entirely de pends, must have been known to the Indians as well as the Scilly or the Channel Island s are to ourselves. "Both islands," says M. de Rivero, in a letter ad dressed last May to Lord Malmesbury, "may be easily seen by any vessel navigating the space which divides them—a course which is taken generally by almost all the vessels engaged in the coasting trade on that part of the coast of Peru." It is a curious illustration of the quiet manner in which a gentleman sitting behind a table at Washington, or in Downing-street, disposes of the ends of the earth, that Mr. Webster could coolly say, a month or two ago, " It is quite probable that Ben jamin Morrell, junior, who, as master of the schooner Watson, of New York, visited those islands in Sep tember, 1823, may justly claim to have been their discoverer. He gives a full account of them in his narrative, published in New York in 1832." It must have struck Peruvians as a little remarkable, that islands among which their boats and catama rans had been plying for many generations should have been " discovered" in 1823. It will be seen, however, that Mr. Webster himself is aware, by this time, that be went a trifle too far when he advanced that extraordinary theory. In his latest dispatch on the subject, the claims of the American skipper are wonderfully attenuated ; and " the truth appears to be that Captain Morrell was on a voyage of discovery, and that he did in fact discover, or was, supposed to h ave discovered" —not the islands themselves, b u t — " guano on those islands.,, The recklessness with which Mr. Webster advances assertions which he is compelled to retract almost as soon as uttered, and th e audacity with which he " supposes" whatever su i ts the purpose of the mo ment, may relieve us f rom the necessity o f pursuing but idle argument further. B ut the truth is, t h ese a r e idle historical disquisitions in the eyes of American s — totally beside the que s ti on when they want guano, and are not afraid of war. This is the real secret of their high words. Th ey are, or think they are, prepare d i for war, f or th ey h ave never yet felt what it tru l y s. They see it only on its bright side, as the readie st mode of gratifyi ng th e i r wishes; and men who can look on war in such a light are usually prompt and thatunhesitating in all they do. W e hope, however:m.en. we may inter from the closing p a r a graph of M r • tv ster's last dispatch, in which he condemns " privateftbe war," and talks of "further examination a fully decided e that the Cabinet of Washington have not intoy decided to carry off the guano first, and inquire their right afterwards. At all events, if the f right, Ame ricans resort to force without any pretence 0 _ at. their conduct must be set in its true light. W it concerns not What ever may be the issue of this dispute, only Great Britain, but a ll mankind, t h a t the simple truth of the case should b e universa llykoown, and that American cupidity s h ould b e s tripped of the mask of justice which a perversion an d falsification of facts might enable it to assume. 1)' A g lfi r t e h . Polly, NeeC K Il .c P a 5 0 1 N I e , BRI which T I H ves S se a l zit LLES.—The Gibraltar Chronicle contains the following Paragraph .--‘, Captain George need, of the British barque ap proached a way one of the topmast back-stay July, at one o'clock A., whilst the rpraormt :_ Ta , g o an a ro th g e an a d d Constantino le, makesh t e h re e . o n ilo t w h i e n barque was coming down the Dardanelles, the Turks fired IP arrived r iiIllG I N TUE jARDA- twelve guns of round and grape shot into her, which carried of small rope, and cut the gaff toes ' ail into ribbons; die- Patched the boat to the old Castle of Europe, with the which , pass given him at Constantinople, and two dollars 8 w ith a great quantity lc " t hey (the Turks) demanded; but as the boat ap be3hg broken at the time. Captain Ree d g . and even refused to take the pass. The captain could not the v windlass publicity to they fired at her, would not allow the crew to land, bring the vessel to an anchor, in consequence of a strong cuss rent running down, and a gale of wind blowing, t '! ll l B ; z in a o:c ji le s r o t r hat T s w om o e w no E t L ic L e:a rr y ow be s takeni,vseos like occurring aga i n. , ~ WATERMEN.—On Saturdayinquest WCarter, at the Five Bells an was held by Mr. 5 Tavern, Bermondsey, on the body James Lewes, a pistinguished sc u ll er on th e of river. I t a ppeared that he had keen put aboard a boat t o ge t into one of the ships in the river, at Gore's-roads, and in the evening his lifeless body was discovered lying on the shore on Messrs. Dudden's c auseway, at Bermondse The jury considered he had ac cidentally fallen into the water, and a verdict to that effect was returned. A secon d • • took place before Mr. Car. ter at in qu ir y 1 the Hero of Waterloo Tavern, Waterloo-road, on the body of Thomas C oo k son , o ne of the g reat rowers of forme r , d ays, who wa s f oun d d ea d under singu lar circumstances. Of tate he has become paralysed, and was, out of kindness, put with his wife, to take care of some premises in the West minster -road. On Wednesday hi s wife left him for a short t une, and on her return found him in a stupor; she tried to ar ouse him, a n d sen t f or a surgeon , who p ronou nced him dead. —V erdict—Accidenta l death. SHOCK ING D EATH B Y FIBEARME..—A. most shock ing occurrence has j us t happened at the villa g e of Longford, near Gloucester. It appears that a labouring man, named 1 _ J ames Baylis, li v i ng a t the Wor kh o use 'arm, Lo ng f or d , who had lately been employed at harvest work, for which de scription of labour there has lately been a great demand, was g oin g on Friday morning to stack some beans. It is sup posed that he had seen some partridges on the previous day, for he had taken down his gun before going to work, and had loaded i t f or t h e purpose of taking it with him. Havi ng , ho wever, the fear of the law before his eyes, he resolved to put the gun, loaded as it was , into his jacket p oc ket. He th erefore took the stock from the barrel, and, having the barrel, loaded and put the cap upon the nipple, he was i n the act of depositing the barrel in his pocket, muzzle foremost, when it is supposed that the nipple, with the percussion cap upon it, struck with violence against a rafter in the ceilin g of th e room and exploded. Tho charge of shot passed co p let ely through his body and hea rt, and, with an exclarn ' t lion to his wile, he fell down a corpse in the room. His Wife, who was in bed at the time, rushed down stairs, and was just in time to se e her husband fall lif eless upon th e fl ‘' oor, An inquest has since be en held on the bod y , before sr. Lovegrove, coro ner for Glouceste rshire, an d a verdict of Accidental death" was returned. Sir James Carnegie, Dart., of Southesk, and the Hon. L ady Catherine and family, arrived at Kinnaird Castle on Tuesday last, from Glendye, where the worthy knight has been enjoyin g the sport of the moors. A large and select party is expected soon to share in the partridge and deer hunting, for which the estate of Kilaiiiirsl is 60 celebrated. EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1852. lief. The wire contained in each disc is 1,140 feet long, and that contained in the regenerator is conse quently 228,000 feet, or 41i miles in length, the super- 1 ficial measurement of which is equal to the entire surface I of four steam-boilers, each forty feet long, end four feet in diameter; End yet the regenerator, presenting this great amount of heating surface, is only about two feet cu b e , l ess than 1-1920 of the bulk of these four boilers. Involved in this wonderful process, of the transfer and retransfer of heat, is a discovery which justly ranks as one of the most remarkable ever made in physical science. Its author, Captain Ericsson, long since ascertained, and upon this is based the sublimest per sixman permanent inches, gases, feature of his ca l or i c eng i ne, t h at a ' mosp h er i c a i r and otherof only in passing through a dis tance in the fiftieth part of a se cond of time, are capable of acquiring, or parting with, upwards of four hundred degrees of heat. He has been first to discover this marvellous property of caloric, without which atmospheric air could not be effectively employed as a motive power. The reason is obvious. Until ex panded by heat, it can exert no force upon the piston. it much time were required to effect this, the movement of the piston would necessarily be so slow as to render the machine inefficient. Captain Ericsson has demonstrated, however, that heat may be com municated to, and expansion effected in, atmospheric air, with almost electric speed; and that it is, therefore, eminently adapted to give the greatest desirable rapidity of motion to all kinds of machi nery . The ship is now approaching completion, and is the finest specimen of naval architecture (especially in point of strength) ever created in this country. Th e engines, being placed in the centre of the vessel, admit of_ a bett er f orm o f m id s hi p sec ti on th a n in steam- s hi ps . Of this th e b u ild ers have ava il e d t h emse l ves by g i v i ng such linesh ar of ise to the floor that strength and easy lines for Passing thro ug h t h e water are appropr i a t e ly combined. T as fu i l t ne is fulness waiveline," as ship at the entrance are singularly hoe oss e ; s s a e n s all and y e t, by by a very judicious . application of the with stability technical ) requisite fora good called, s b e o a Vi p. boat. Th e run is alike peculiar for easy lines, com binedstrength of floor, whichind requisite bearing. The this country, noted as itanthing stem to stern, surpasses is built entirely solid from ships in the world. In is d for producing the best we have seen in strength to the ample timbers,er to give additional banded by a double series of i the entire frame is riveted dt togetherintervals of about diagonal braces of flat t at all the bars of iron, let into the timbers three feet, each series being rie ordinary points of intersection. In addition sons, bolted ur b ths of the central keelsons, there are six engine 11 ) on the top of the floor timbers, for three-fourths plates length of the ship. On these keelsons the ed ovearthe theof i h o e o engines ng n timbers.e s eb e b d y . p l bolts at e s extendpassin g through entire area occupied by the engines, and present con tinuation of iron flooring, not witnessed in any steam ship. The security thus attained is further enhanced by dispensing entirely with the numerous holes through the bottom of the vessel, which in steamers are neces sary, and have often brought that class of vessels to a sinking condition. The engines being arranged in the centre of the vessel, the decks are not cut off as in steamers; and as the whole of the machinery is confined within a vertical trunk 76 feet long and 18 feet wide, ample space is left on each side of the ship for state rooms along its entire length, with unbroken passages, fore and aft, on either side. The freight deck also presents an unbroken area fore and aft, di minished only in width in the central part of the vessel. The coal being carried in the bottom, at each side of the engines, the fore and aft hold are clear for freight. The central arrangement of the engines in volves, of necesstiy, a central crank, and thus the spar deck presents an uninterrupted area on both sides, the ordinary objectionable crank hatches being dispensed with. The slow combustion peculiar to the caloric engine renders the huge smoke funnel unnecessary. A short pipe to carry off the gases produced by the combustion in the furnaces takes its place in the caloric ship. The absence of steam in every form is sufficiently important in pro ducing a more pleasant atmosphere than in steamers, but far more remarkable is the fact that the quantity of air which will be drawn out of the ship by the action of the supply cylinders of the engines, will exceed sixty tons in weight every hour. Captain Ericsson in, calling our attention to this fact, furnished us with a few figures that we feel certain our readers will need, as much as we did, to comprehend how so vast a ven tilation is effected. Each supply piston presents an area of 102 superficial feet, with a stroke of six feet. 612 cubic feet of atmospheric air will, therefore, be drawn into the engine at each stroke; and when the engine makes fourteen strokes per minute, 8,568 cubic feet. But as there are four supply cylinders, they will in this space of time draw in 34,272 cubic feet ; and in sixty minutes there will be thus circulated 2.056,320 cubic feet. The weight of atmospheric air is nearly 13i cubic feet to the pound, and thus it will be seon that 68 tons of air are drawn from the interior of the ship, through the engines, and passed off into the atmosphere, every hour. The effect of such an extraordinary system of ventilation, in puri fying the atmosphere of the ship, is self. evident. The Ei m pie construction of the caloric engine, and the small quantity of coal to be handled, will reduce the number of engineers and firemen, in the aggre gate, to less than one-fourth the complement required for steamers. This great reduction in the number of men, whose duties are incompatible with strict clean liness, will still further promote a purer state of atmo sphere in caloric ships than in steamers. Again, as no , moke whatever is produced when anthracite coal is em ployed, the masts and rigging of the caloric ship will be as clean as in sailing vessels. We examined the com bustion of the 60-horse caloric engine most critically. No smoke could be detected from it, and we arrived at the conclusion that with such a slow combustion and easy firing smoke cannot possibly emanate from the anthracite consumed in the furnaces. Europe has scarcely any of this fuel, and in a national point are some of the of view, th ere f ore , the introduction of the caloric engine is imp o rtant. The foll owin g dimensions and statistics of th e ship :—Length, 250 feet ; beam, 40; hold, 27; tonnage,2,ooo to 2,200 ; 14 feet ; p d o i a w m e e r t e o r f e o n f g w in h e e s e , ls 6 , o 3 o 2 h f o e r e s t e ; horse; fa c c o e n s o u f m w p h t i e o e n l ' of coal per day (24 hours), 8 tons ; nu mber of men in engine department, 10 ; number o f sailin g crew, 20 ; 00 pas senger accommodation for 200, with room for en largement to double the capacity ; room for 1,500 tons freight; cost, in the neigh bourhood of 300,000 dollars. The builders expect to have the ship afloat by the middle of September. The scientific and commercial world will watch with deep anxiety the result of this grand experiment with the caloric engine. Should it fail, a contingency, by the way, which its friends deem most improbable, the world will lose nothing, and the experimenters comparatively little, since the strong and beautiful ship ma y be put to other uses i n ordinary steam navigation. Should it succeed, the days of steam are numbered, and explosions and burnings will be no more ; the important reduction in the cost of power will introduce the new engine everywhere, and we shall soon record the arrival of the United States Mail Air-ship from Liverpool, the fine air-boat from Albany, &c., as familiarly as we now note our ateam-ships and steam-boats. , brisk BARNET CATTLE FAlR . — T h is important remarkablyon cattle descriptionattend anc of fwsatsor store above beasts the was iol fair, the moat extensive in England, commenced average, The demand Satur day.for every Th e Highland Scots selling freely at 71 to way beasts 10/. to 12/. ditto • ? short-h per head ; Gallo- Herefords were selected and sold in orns, Devons, and to 131.; Lincolns, 12/. to 14/. per head.rapid succession at 11/. scarce; of those offered, prices Sussex beasts were ran high. Welsh and Irish beasts sold as well in proportion bullocks:making 91.; Irish, n as any others; best Welsh also made proportionate] beasts was carried on withy high figures. The trade iriz_to .., throughout the day the great animation, without a uec The breeders and , last selling making the most money salesmen describe this the best fair ay as w have had for the last six dance of years. The great Abu]] aftermath, and the • . the turnip, promising appearance of d demand. materially assist in k ' ' Milch keeping up both prices an Yorkshire and in -calf cows sold readily; the beet Suffolks, beast with calf by side making 171. to 21/. each• d, selling 141. to 161. eac h . I n-calf heifers i n g ood d lit e v g man or The horse easily at 101. t o 151. eac h, accor ding to for r:i qd inua • driving trade was attractivey young hors of which were sold at l being very animals, Inc)" were scarce ; of those I high prices. Cart horses and coltsloiside 601. to 701. each; offered, best horses five years 0 e i s h• ponies sold exceedingly cart colts, 30/. to '4Ol. W- them under, duty_ fetching 6/, well, many hundreds of e to 81. each. NATO° A NOBLEMAN.—On Sa- FRAUD BY P "whired a cab at Fresh-wharf, London- turday evening p a thema driver to proceed to Mr. Tuckfield's, bridge, and desired ridß ge-road, when the man en- watchmaker, a 4,. hand g selected a gold watch, worth 241., en tered the shop, c all , h key, told Mr. Tuckfield that he was a gold A.lbert d it he would allow his shopman to accom- , Lord Howard , so cab to Lord Arundel's, No. 11, Carlten- him in the . WY e, he would give him the money for the articles. bouse-terra his propos it i on w as readily acceded to, and the vehicle w as acc ordingly • driven to Lord Arundel's. The man then go t ou t of the cab, andhaving entered his Lordship's m ansion, o pened the door and told the cabman to drive to the back entrance and wait until he came out to hint. The man w as shown up to his Lordship, when he delivered what has since been ascertained to be a fictitious message. He afterward s decamped with his booty, leaving the cabman and shopman to stare at each other, and wonder at what kept his L • ordship so long. The parties upon inquiry, atter a laps e of time, found out the trick that had been practised. A TALE OF IRISH MISERY.— 0.1 Ssturday Mr. G. S. Brent held an inquest in the Marylebone workhouse, upon Edward Fitzgerald, the infant child o f I r i sh parents. Honore Fitzgerald, the mother, who was affected to tears, stated that her husband, who was in the Irish constabulary, quartered in Limerick, bad to leave his native land for Ame rica, in consequence of an active part he took in quelling a faction fight. Her friends enabled her to leave home for England, where she expected to earn as much as would the whole journey enable b i l n e fa h n e t r w t o a follow l veryow hi l l; i a h a u d s b n a p n n d n . r e p a cuhr 11 , 5 dered about the streets without shelter London she wan , until a woman gave her ono, where the child died from exhaustion. Verdict— " Natural Death." TELEGRAPH BETWEEN CORK AND BELPAST.—The about telegraph to be construct e d b etween Cork and Belfastis to bo completed in two WOUtla. ACCIDENTS IN MINES. NEWCASTLE-UPON•TYNE, SATURDAY.—Yesterday a meeting of considerable interest and importance, dneo: o th n e ly se t u o rit t y he counties of Northumberland and Durham, but to the country at large, affecting, i ns and preservation of human life in very extensive depart men t o f t h e nat i ona l i n d us t ry was held in the th eatre o f t h e Literary and Philoso phical Society in this town. The object of the meet ing was the public in augurat i on of an assoc i at i on as suming to itself the ti t l e of :‘ The North of England Institute of Mining Engineers " and which proposes to devote itself to th e prevention' of accident in mines, and the advancement of mining science generally. The meeting was chi e fly composed of coalowners and engineer and .anWd oopdr,optrhieetcohraiirnmaNnc,oiaerfinttybeeuxomt mining engineers, the l a tt er preponderating. ig on b n t es beggedbri v e l ae progress r d t m o , o c n p ro i pr address c g e r e a d tu ed iate to th a e dd n r i e e s m s be th rs e m of e t e h ti e ng s 0 . they had mule towards its establish ment -- namely, the association of upwards of se ven t y members, the : appointment of officers, and the su b scr i ption of an amount of funds sufficient for a commencement. The object of the institution was twofold—first, by a union or concentration of professional experience to endeavour, if possible, to devise measures which might avert or alleviate those dreadful calamities racr which had too often produced such destruction to life and property, and which left such misery and distr ess among the mining population ot. the . district ; and, S t i e c C u o l n a d r yy applicable establish to athleittehrearoyry:nsatrittu, and bo p n moreti practice of e mining than the institutions in the locality or within the reach of the profession there. The claims of such an institution to the support of the coal owners of the north were all powerful. Who were so interested as they i n th e prevent i on o f accidents in mines ? As, too, one of its prominent objects was to endeavour to accomplish the best and most perfect mode of ab stracting the coal, the proprietor as well as the worker of a m i ne, was no l ess concerned i n its prosperity. Acting as a body, every plan brough . t before them would have at least a candid investigation, and if they found any subject required practical illustration or experiment, he felt assured they would be readily me t by the employers in placing their pits at their disposal for such a pur pose.—(Dear, hear.) Adverti ng t o th e secon d part of the object of the institute, that which was more purely of a scientific, practical, and profess i onal c h aracter , and which might generally b e summed up i n t h e theory and practice of the wi nn i ng and working o f collieries, the chairman prcceeded to point out in much detail the importance of collecti ng i n t h e archives of their institute detailed plans of the differ ent instruments used here and on the Conti nent i n t h e boring of coalmines and Artesian wells, the various modes of sinking pits, records of the various sink ings for coal in the district, and descriptions of the different engines and apparatus employed for raising water out of the mines and working them generally. They must not, he added, neglects most important branch,—th e advancement o f t h e sc i enc e of mining, or mineralogy, chemistry , the cultivation of those branches of science which more particularly appertained to their profession. Geology, pneu matics, and mechanic; were all subjects which would Otheceuipnystit of outline the philosophy, i f o a nn l o l wo t the e etnh individual dee avouredmteomg.bievres an had constitution society, its objects, and the duties which would be • posed upon it. He_ need scarcely add how importantun butthey were, not only to the members of the society interestsHe comprised within the scope of ts labo te the con cluded by invoking the support of noblemenure. d gen tlemen, and of all persons interested , feelingsfromand f o humanity, in the prevention of accidents ' in mines, on t roeoHnntesitoi mechanical behalf of the society.—(Applause.) No resolutions were proposed or passed ; but a num ber of colliery owners and viewers resident in the district were enrolled as members. On the motion of Mr. WALKER, seconded by Mr. HINDHAUGH, a vote of thanks was accorded to the chairman by acclamation, and the proceedings ter minated. ACCIDENT ON THE SLIREWSBUR Y AND CHESTER RAILWAY. Yesterday (Monday) an inquest was held at the Woodward public-house, Coton-hill, Shrewsbury, before Mr. George Gordon, deputy-coroner, on view of the body of an aged woman, named Mary Lewis, of Baschurch, who bad been killed by an excursion train passing over her on Saturday night last. The remains of the poor creature presented a sad spec tacle ; the head was completely severed, and the other parts of the body were most dreadfully muti lated. Joseph Woodvine, a labourer on the line at Baschurcb, stated that he saw deceased walking down the line, towards Perry-bridge, between seven and eight o'clock on Saturday night. He went up to her and told her she was on trespass, to which she re plied, " I know sll about it." He then asked her her name, and where she was going ; but she refused to tell him, and, on his saying that he would follow her to see where she was going, she re torted, "If you follow me, I will knock your brains out !" Witness then went home. He further stated that poor people were in the habit of going on the line to pick up coke. Henry Whittaker said he was the driver of an excursion train which left Chester for Shrewsbury at 7 25 P.M., arriving at the latter place at 9 o'clock. The night was very dark and the rain came down in torrents. On examining the engine at the Shrewsbury terminus be found the shawl pro duced on the buffer plank. He examined the wheels, but did not see the least symptoms of blood. An. oiler train left Chester for Shrewsbury at 8 o'clock on the same evening. The shawl was here identified by Woodvine as the one worn by the woman whom he bad seen walking on the line. Abraham Carlin, engine-driver, left Chester for Shrews bury goods' train e a rly o n T ues d a y morn i ng, and whietnh a within 150 yards of the Perry-bridge he tgefiinirvvgseeti given eatowt department,oa. . r. t it h e hrre.el woman, body jhsoepeffo of deceased. The body being on the up-rails, on which he was running, he could not see very distinctly what it was; but, thinking it was either a o d f o g thehoowtr reararv a fie,neons hy s ,ru.o h :stna, e ehfrtda e reese p ututsu , hci ptirbeiehe h enarerd e deeyimdnwhb d thasewee i bna d nisiungdadt rglhwneseynoedataettibbnneoeorfsamefuott: nhrto:mpeoathanhieabtnnrhtoadseildeoeosynooetypfon.reamawcrttiTdihhnoaaseo:s.l Tarhreiv stoker,a fromd uth i n s ef t i° a rr n th t uonr Edward Lewis, brother-in-law t o d ecease d. The returned for ilo averdioto t f"Accidenta . ll killed." Woodvine w as recalled by the jury severel y reprima ndedfrom off th e li ne . forcibl y ejecting deceased A SHIP-BUILDER ON NAVIGA TIa3T-LAW REPEAL. i intended to run The new iron screw-steamer Esg.e, i ntended Nymph in connexion with the paddle steamer r ehed for Mr. be tween Da r and Newry, wasofjblesers. Thomas Ver gan, of Dublin, from the and d A successful launch, Ver non and Sons, on Tuesday. lunch. A fter Mr. Vernon, sen., a select party sat down to the seventeenth iron ' stated that the Eagle was ab out having briefly adverted to the vessel they had built; and,o a s , navigation-laws had in fears which the repea l i b a d only tended to draw out spired, but which rers vg „ B lishmen, and to their benefit the latent energy - b e then glanced at the revolution the e rather than to e th te e d i i i i i i ir th s e es s o h f ip s p h i i e p g -b w ui e ld rl i d ng. by a w d h a i p e t b a twioans 0171 d i.inrnogi a nue r r ! e. ir e rnon) iron screw-s team ers be i n g find (continue e American trade, in the Cape of Good employed I have no hesitation in saying that . trades, andntb.he Australian trade, and in other im pirmant'radei:li long w herever a foreign trade is carried on by B r itish era capital and British enterprise, there must iron screw steamers be employed, as it will, ere lon g , di sc overed that no othr ofpoclzripotifon regu larity, safety, efficiency, be a re equal to h sh i ps and economy. No w , if this really be the case, what have we to fear f rom the repeal of the navigation-laws, or even f rom free trade ? The navigation-laws, as they now stand, will be neutralised, and not affect us at all, inasmuch as foreign vessels will have no chance in coping with British screw-steamers ; and no foreigners can build iron ships so cheaply and so perfectly as we can. It is true foreigners may ultimately get in the way of making steam-engines and iron ships. But merely to learn how to build an iron ship is not enough ; for there is in that, as well as in all other trades, a continuous progression towards perfection ; and we, as a nation, have got the start, and are, in fact, a long way ahead ; and oar dis tinguishing cap: hilities and our national and local ad vantages will always facilitate our onward course, and give us the pre-eminence in this trade over all the nations of the earth ; so that foreigners who, a short time ago, we were afraid would bring their ships and perform a considerable part of the trade of this country, now have to abandon that idea, and to come to us for iron n sc t r .hn ew s : steamers t o perform their own local trade. _A el what Was o nce t h ought to be a great na tionalca l amity will, I have no doubt, turn out to bee the servi- g reat na se tion al advan tage. ( Th e expression of cheers by those merits was r ece i ve d w ith loud Vernon proposed the prescnt.) In conclusion, had been n t e h e e n Ea c g o l n e . , h tn ea d l! u ti n ( t l i t e Mr whose n G O s r: n t i. c u a p re .. r , 1 the n ten M u dn a e r v i . ,t a nh l ee a course of some re strottc (1. Mr. Granth tlm, she e ite h c a t :hose by Mr. Vernon, said, be built for the East India mai lt3 to the same effec t tt re o as ' iron vessels writ, abou,erne of these were ordered, and and other trselo. b others were contemplated in quarters the most unlikly, ago. And now, instead of crossing the a ' -b "it time „bipa there, or going to Whitehaven to Atlantic to ge . , : it they acre coming to Liverpool and its b r -,- -pt large and substantial iron sailing have them ti,-ighboarho ;leuyis knew the great superiority of the ships built. 1: Am , rie , ns over this country, especially in building large But lately, l a to g m ent p lem mo sn ti , e o t w o ho t ships. the building of iron ships; and, on the close it of his c a t b tl iu rs , he ask t d him the results , and he said i i i i i 3 t q r u o i d r t e l l m his he c h ou ed ntr b y ee t n o as impossible for him to got over t he difficulty of wa s and purchasing iron ships in this country . The I Americans had had th e superiority, but, by means of iron ships, England wou ld h ave it back again.Aft w. After other toasts had b een g i ven an d res ponded t o, the nn pally separated. 1360 11 1 ,•• 1 o or 1 0. $ 001 r loom' clove: low CPI , 10 Of rO. - )1s 0 tii. i)00IID1 , price' d.,,,, Ilea for 0 11 31,456 ) 0 tile re "r the leer . 11° a far re l it 3 ri tO