The Sun. — London, England, 1865-07-17 00:00:00

Royal Agricultural Society's Meeting. PLYMOUTH, Saturday. In the remote Devo*ian peninsula, far on towards the Land's-end, -the Society has this year pitched its camp, called over its muster-roll of prize animals, and opened its brilliant field-days and sham-fights of rural machinery. True to its educational office, the Society visits with its migratory meeting a dis trict supposed to need agricultural enlightenment ; but it is a question whether the Council did not push matters to an extremity when it rushed past Bath, Bristol, and Exeter, on a single line of rail, to a site having no great area of country on one side, and only a population of mackerels and John Dorys on the other. The spirited farmers of Cornwall and the breeders of Devon are grateful for this benevo lent arrangement, but all England beside is taxed heavily to send its cattle and machinery into a dis tant corner, with little prospect of active business— at least for the implement makers. Apprehension exists, too, as to the pecuniary success of the meet ing. The tripartite city, seaport, and dockyard of Plymouth, Stonehouse, and Devonport, with 157,000 inhabitants, may furnish enough sightseers to pay expenses ; but the scanty railroad accommodation does not promise those many thousands of shillings on the cheap days which are necessary to put the stewards of finance into good spirits. And the more to be regretted would be a failing revenue on this occasion, as the Society is to " bury" itself next year in a neat agricultural town in Suffolk. The opening day of the show is Monday ; but the latter half of the present has been occupied by the field trials of machinery —always of great inte rest and importance, and so increasing in dimen sions that the whole system threatens to break down unless the arrangements are subjected to considerable modification. It is four years ago since drills, horse-hoes, haymakers, horse-rakes, grass-mowers, and reaping machines came up for examination ; yet this quadrennial division of agri cultural implements has brought such a hug? com petition that a dozen judges and engineers are unable to settle the awards until the middle of next week —perhaps not the most important then—and this with a style of testing that is of necessity hurried and imperfect. Either sowing-machines, weeding machines, haymaking-machines, and harvesting machines must have separate years to themselves, or else the Society must enlarge the scale of its trials, installing more judges and carrying on more opera tions simultaneously. Thus, at the present meeting, the drills, pressers, and manure-distributors would occupy the judges four days very well, without their being called upon to inspect the working of horse-hoes, turnip-thinners, single-row grubbers, and a multiplicity of similar tools. And, again, the grass-mowers, the reapers, the haymakers, and rakes would ha to found ample work for three sets of judges, due time being allowed to each implement. Had the operations been thus expended, with plenty of space, and field after field of grass, clover, raid corn; affording large plots for each machine, we should have had varied and continual interest, with out the annoying delays and waiting for something to be done which generally characterizes these com petitions. The home trade in reaping-machines is growing immensely, and great numbers are now hesitating with their orders for the ensuing harvest until the Plymouth decisions are published ; yet all that the judges have time to do is just to take each machine a bout or two in a ten-acre field of badly laid oats, " pluck" all that are not at once up to the mark, and appoint the few that "pass" to a more lengthened trial at some future time. At any rate, it is an open question at present whether the se lected machines shall meet for a final examination after the show is over, or shall just fight it out in a few acres' scramble on a piece of light rye here pro vided for their cutters. The hurry has been made worse by a steady unflinching downpour of rain on one day, and sloppy weather during the next. Twenty-five manual-delivery reapers tried their strength in the crop of very heavystorm-broken oats, green in straw, though with grain ripe enough to shell out with rough usage, most of the machines attempting too much, taking a full breadth of cut, when half a breadth of such a tremendous crop gave almost more stuff than any man could manipulate with his rake, while the horses, unused to a crowd of people (with difficulty kept off by a band of police men), rushed on at an unnatural pace. Few of the tippling-platforms could work without frequent stoppages, and it was evident that no advantage is derived from them in extremely heavy and tangled crops ; in fact, the rakeman, having enough to do with his hands, requires a firm foothold rather than a board that will rise with his foot. It is true, how ever, that in ordinary crops the tippling• platform, if properly constructed, greatly facilitates delivery. Thus both Wood's and Hornsby's slat platforms acted well, and Picksley and Sims's machine made very satisfactory work. The most complete success, however, was that of Cuthbert's simply -made machine, with a flat immovable platform, the cutting being beautifully done, and the delivery, in small bunches ready for binding, accomplished with re gularity and apparent ease. No stoppage occurred either with the one-horse or two-horse machine worked by Cuthbert, but the pace was not overdone, and the rakeman had more discretion than to over task hiniself by taking a full cut in such a crop. In this class was tried Hornsby's new reaper, in which a rakeman gathers the crop to the machine, catches the cut corn upon a tipping slate platform, and by a movement of his foot drops the bunch upon a number of endless chains on a lower platform, these delivering the bunch at one side out of the next track of the horses. The cutting was good, and the delivery in sheaf well effected along three sides of the field ; but the work was not so well done—and this was the case with most of the ma chines_up-hill in the direction of the general lay of the crop. In working this machine we have the ad vantage of the rakeman's discretion in separating and lifting up the tangled corn and forming it into a proper bunch, while the man is relieved of the mere drudgery—and tremendous work it often is— of pushing the out corn off the platform. But the sheaves are not only laid in good form for binding —an important point, both in facilitating labour and securing most of the ears at the top of the " stook" when set up—they are also delivered completely out of the way of the next course of the machine ; so that, as with all side-delivery reapers, the machine has never to wait for the precise number of hands proportioned to the crop, and barley or heavy wheat may be left for any length of time untried and dry ing under sun and air. Self-acting sheafing machines have been introduced since the last (or Leeds) trial of reapers, and with considerable success. Samuel- Hon's automatic rakes, revolving something like four sails of a windmill on an axis nearly vertical, and guided by a circular cam so as to enter into the crop endwise, lay the corn back over the cutters, and then clear off the cut sheaf by sweeping radially over the platform, worked with a quiet motion, fa vourable to very ripe grain, and would evidently have delievered bunches in moderately good form if the crop had been lessbulky. Wood's machine, with a single rake-arm, revolving in a similar position, but in conjunction with an ordimiry reel on a hori zontal axis for bringing the corn upon the platform, has also great merit ; and the delivery can be delayed at pleasure,by the driver to form sheaves of any si ze . Burgess and Key's machine made the cleanest and best cut, but the breadth taken proved too much for the delivering powers of the rake ; and the velocity of the rake (revolving in the place of one of the real boards) caused it to toss up into the air much of the corn that should have been quietly laid in neat sheaves. In any moderate crop the action would probably be much more efficacious. Another machine of this noted firm, in which a smoother move ment is given to the rake, and the whole framework and mechanism amazingly lightened and simplified, did better work. One point made apparent during the trials is, that sheaf delivery, if not effected by too sudden and violent a motion, thrashes out less grain than swathe delivery does—at least in this tangledioat crop --as only the outer portions of each sheaf meet with concussion, while in the swathe almost every ear encounters a hard stroke from the reel-board, the platform, or projections on the belts or chains. The screw platform of Burgess and Key's old machine was comparatively free from this objection ; Hornsby's swathing machine worked very well until the crop proved too much for the dividing iron ; and the machines of the Beverley Company hardly proved equal to the difficult task before them. These reapers possess peculiar faci lities ; the horses, walking behind, can charge into the midst of a standing crop without any previous opening of a path by the sithe, and the swathe may be delivered to right or left ; and, as there is no "side-draught," the three-horse machine can take an 8 feet width of cut, mowing amuch larger acreage per day than is attainable by any other reaper. The framing, the position of the platform, and details of the workingparts have been latelymuch improved, and it is only in the heaviest crops that this revival of Bell's old invention seems at fault. The judges, Messrs. Caldwell, Coleman, Martin, Wortley, and Mr. Bramwell, C.E., thoroughly practical and trustworthy men, have all the final testing yet before them ; but, having wet grass to cut while the corn was drying, they were able to put the grass-mowers through the requisite ordeal of cutting plots an d then submitting to the clock work indications of Mr. Olmes's draught-dynamo meter. Fourteen machines, tried upon a piece of thin, weedy meadow, laid flat by rain, and with a difficult bottom for the cutters to travel over exhi bited various ingenuities in construction. In Barber's Eagle mower you can lift either end of the finger bar to pass over an obstruction. In Samuelson's mower you raise the finger-bar and set the wheel work in or out of gear—all by means of your foot. In Child's American clipper the draught-iron from the whipple-trees is made to relieve the finger-bar of its downward pressure upon the ground, and by a lever you can give the cutters more or less pitch, without stopping the horses. In Hornsby's mower the finger-bar is at liberty not only to rise and fall of its own accord at either end, but also to twist, as it were, so that the cutters always creep close to the ground, the pitch being self-regulated by a small castor-wheel travelling in advance. In Kearsley's mower the whole frame accommodates itself in this manner to inequalities of surface, gauged by a larger castor-wheel travelling in front, and the framework is of wrought-iron. Burgess and Key's new mower packs all the mechanism in a wonderfully small space between the finger-bar and one of the main driving wheels, over the track cleated by the last course of the machine ; and thus tLa crank-shaft can be placed close to the ground, bringing it on a level with the cutters, reducing the friction in work, and shortening and strengthening the con necting-rod. It is a pity that this very clever im provement should have appeared in unfavourable circumstances, the rather short-pointed fingers of this particular machine being unsuited to the low, matted grass which it was to cut. Burgess and Key's old machine, the most powerful and best adapted for such bulky crops as those of Middlesex, made splendid work, the draught being 3391 b., at a pace of 3/ miles per hour, andthe area cut 1.94 acre per hour. Hornsby's cut closer than any other machine ; but, probably owing to the acute angle of the knives, took very much more power ; the draught was 4321 b., at a pace of 3fmiles per hour, and the area cut was 1.81 acre per hour. Kearsley's machine made exceedingly good work ; the draught 3371 b., at a pace of 3/ miles per hour ; the cut being 1.91 acre per hour. And Wood's old machine quite equalled this in style of performance, while the draught was only 2671 b., at a pace of 3/ miles per hour, with an area of 1.58 acre cut per hour. In all probability the prize money will be won by Wood and Kearsley, with either Hornsby or Burgess and Key coming in for a share. THE OVERLAND MAIL. By the arrival of the above mail we have advises from Calcutta to June 10 ; Madras, June 14 ; Co lombo, June 17 ; Bong Kong, May 30 ; Melbourne, May 25, &c. INDIA. Everything continues quiet on the Bhootan fron tier, though there are rumours of preparations on the part of the Bhooteas to attack the Dooars after the rains. The Government of India have, it is said, determined to send a native agent, but not an ac credited one, with the Kokance envoy, to ascertain the real state of affairs in Central Asia, with refe rence to the alleged movements of Russia. The Bengal Chamber of Commerce have met and discussed the half-yearly report of their committee. The President, in his speech, referred to the success of the Indo-European telegraph, and the extremely unsatisfactory working of the line between Kurra chee and Calcutta, which bids fair, unless greatly improved, to deprive • India of much of the benefit of rapid communication with London. The Englishman says that the depression pervad ing the money market has, under the influence of a succession of unfavourable news from Bombay, be come greater since its last despatch. All kinds of stock, except government paper, had receded still further. The Madras Athenteum, of the 14th June, says : " No new taxes, it is believed, will be had recourse to in lieu of the export duties and loan which Sir Charles and his conncil have refused to sanction. Mr. Massey will wait to see what the outturn of the first year's revenue will be without replacing the income tax. It has been suggested that the opium returns might be increased, so as to make both ends meet, by throwing only a limited quantity into the market. If so, the financial crisis may pass over, but otherwise, with the Bhootan war most likely to last during the current year, and very possibly longer, there will be a certain deficit to qncounter, and probably a large one." With regard to the coffee crop in Ceylon, the Colombo Observer of June 17 says : " We have been seriously taken to task for what is called our persistent exaggeration of the probable outturn of the Ceylon coffee crop. All we can say is, that Could we be actuated by any motive save a simple desire to ascertain and state the truth, we should underrate rather than overrate the quantity of coffee Ceylon is likely to throw on the markets of the world. But our real interest as well as our undoubted duty is to give, on the best evidence we can procure, the most correct information possible. It was the reports of planters who ought to know which led us at an early period of the season to anticipate the round million of cwts. As soon as we became aware that so much de struction was committed by fierce winds, we made a large deduction, and brought down our figure to 850,000 cwts. To this estimate we must adhere. Up to June Bth the ex ports were 682,000, and we shall be very much surprised and disappointed indeed if in the course of four months (less eight days) the balance of 168,000 cwts., or at the rate of as much per month as we shipped in the past fortnight is not made up. There ordinary sized ships sailing each fortnight will amply suffice, and certainly with the array of shipping still in our roadstead, many of them loaded to a great extent, we have little doubt that 850,000 of both kinds of coffee will be made up. CHINA. The last mail from China brought the intelligence that Prince Kung had been restored to power ; and we now learn that this circumstance has afforded considerable satisfaction at Peking. The Overland China Mail says that the time is drawing . near when no mercantile house of note will maintain agencies at Tientsin, Newchang, or Chefoo, and that those places will, consequently, drop quietly out of the roll of treaty ports. The same paper gives the following items of news : At Hankow the Imperialist troops have revolted, owing to arrears of pay, and now threaten the foreign settlements. Two of her Majesty's gunboats have given what protec tion they can , an d i n the meantime matters are steady. It is haquickly becoming evident to th e Chi nese o f a ll p rov i nces quen t Eu ro ia alarms ea f n o s r t a h r e e i r 8 u sa re fe to ty be in p v r a o r t i .e a c b te ly d, so pro t v h e at n o e u e r dl f e r s e s: What this will lead to in China remains to be seen ; in the meantime it is an established fact that English power is not i to b i e uk d espised,ang the A imperial soldiers have show n a passin g t K antipathy to foreigner s . Th e matter does not appear to be wortfi recording except as a j o k e. His Imperil M ajesty 's .'r ser vants so far loosened themsel ves f rom the restraints of discipline as to break in the windows of the " Club." It is not reported that the gentlemen belonging to the club took any steps towards resenting the trifling outrage, but it is be lieved they did not. Again, we must applaud the victory of forbearance, which is silently and everywhere working its way for us in China. Fear has nothing to do with it, nor has contempt. It is simply that calm endurance which the arduous policy of Sir Frederick Bruce established. Mer chants may have lost by such a policy, and indeed they have, and they accept the situation with a vigour of nerve that few ministers could pretend to. There is no doubt, however, that with a fleet in the Pacific, and a land force in Hongkong and Yokohama, thorough security may always be relied upon. C h inkiangcontinues to attract favourable attention as a rising port of trade ; there is nothing in the way of news THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 17, 1865. from the place, unless it be the decidedly growing convic tion that its facilities for trade in different respects will sooner or later place it above Shanghae. From Nanking we do not hear of much progress being made in the way of preparing the place as a trading mart. There is no intelligence of importance from Japan by the present mail. AUSTRALIA. VICTORIA. The fate of the tariff is not yet decided, but the final struggle between the two houses of parliament will probably have taken place before the departure of the next mail. The government propose to finish their measures for national defences, the supply of water to the goldfields, and their Mining Bill before bringing before parliament their measure tacking the Amended Customs Bill to the Appropriation Bill. A select committee appointed by the legislative council to inquire into precedents for the course of actionpro posed by the Government came to the conclusion that " tacking" was unconstitutional, and the house de cided without a division—" 1. That this house will insist upon adhering to the practice and usage of the Imperial Parliament in regard to the matter which according to such practice and usage may be comprised in one bill. 2. That it is contrary to such usage and practice to introduce any clause or clauses of appropriation or other foreign matter into a bill of supply. 3. That it is contrary to such usage or practice to introduce any clause or clauses of supply, or other foreign matter, into a bill of ap propriation." The Government have, however, de cided upon carrying out their threat. The most interesting debate during the past month has arisen from an attempt of the Attorney- General to confer upon the executive the power of suspending the judges, instead of making the jus ticiary, as heretofore, irremovable save upon the address of both Houses of Parliament. The clause enacting the alteration was carried in a full House by a majority of five, on the understanding subse quently carried out that it should be amended by giving the executive the power of suspension when Parliament was not sitting. The drought under which the colonies suffered since last November had terminated, and copious showers had fallen, giving an impetus to mining enterprises and agricultural pursuits. The weather for some time had been very cold and unsettled, and in some places there had been severe storms. At Adelaide the gales were very destructive to life and to the shipping. There was a disastrous flood at the Port, by which a considerable amount of property was damaged. On the goldfields, the want of water for many months paralysed the exer tions of the miners ; but since the weather had changed there had been a noticeable improvement in the yield of gold. In Gipps Land, however, but little had been done, in consequence of the heavy weather and the difficulty of access to most of the districts. The agricultural statistics for the year ending 31st March, 1865, have been published. The extent of and in occupation at that date was 6,064,936 acres, being an increase of 510,405 as against 1864 ; the enclosed land amounted to 4,884,536 acres, as against 4,098,500 for the previous year; the extent of land under tillage was 476,546, a decrease of 31,252, as compared with 1864. At the departure of the mail the farmers were busy putting down their seed, and notwithstanding the losses which have been experienced within the last two years from rust and the caterpillar, a larger amount of land was being brought under tillage than was the case last year. The population of the colony on the 31st March last was 610,250 persons, including 350,698 males and 259,552 females. The increase during the first quarter of the year was 5,192 persons. The experiment for the introduction of salmon into Victoria has been so far successful. The ova which were retained out of the consignment for warded to Tasmania by Mr. Youl have progressed so well that they have been turned from their breeding ponds into the creek which runs into the River Yarra. The illelbourve herald of May 25 says :—" The Border Customs difficulty has not been settled. There is at present free trade across the Murray so far as colonial products are concerned, but the Syd ney government maintain that such an arrange ment is illegal. The people of itiverina object to paying our duties, which are just now in excess of those charged by New South Wales, while those landed in the latter colony by steamer from South Australia object even more strongly to pay accord ing to the protective tariff of Victoria." We read in the same paper : Incited by the example of the Victorians in the capture of Morgan, the notorious bushranger, who was for a long time the terror of the southern portion of New South Wales, the constabulary of the latter colony appear to have at last adopted strenuous measures to put down the bush ranging which has been the disgrace of the country. A party of the police, under an officer named Davidson, surprised Ben Hall, one of the gang, on the morning of the 4th May, as he was looking for his horses. Hall attempted to escape, but he was soon surrounded, and as ho refused to surrender, several volleys were fired at him, and he died literally riddled with bullets. Johnny Gilbert, one of his companions, was discovered by another detach anent of the constabulary on the 13th inst. He and his comrade Dunn attempted to resist, but after some skirmish ing Gilbert was shot dead, though Dunn managed to get away. There is little doubt that the success which has lately attended the authorities has been in a great measure due to the enforcement of the stringent provisions of the Fe lons Apprehension Act, a law recently passed by the colonial legislature, and which punishes severely any persons sus pected of assisting the outlaws. The government offered a reward of £lOOO for the capture of Hall, which has been dis tributed as follows :—£4so to Sub-Inspector Davidson,Xlso to Sergeant Condell, £BO to each of the four troopers of the party, £6O to one black tracker, and £2O to another. Mr. Davidson has also been appointed an inspector, and Ser geant Condell has been raised to the rank of sub-inspector. The sum of £l,OOO offered for the apprehension of the bushranger Morgan, whose death we recorded in our last summary, has been divided thus :—To John We radian, £3OO ; Alexandrina Macdonald, £250 ; Jas. Frazer, £2OO ; David Clarke, £l6O ; Alice Keenan, £5O ; volunteers and police, 12 in all, a 6s. Bd. each, £lOO. Efforts are in ad dition being made by private individuals to supplement the amount given to Mr. Wondlan, who fired the shot which proved fatal to Mr. Morgan. The body of the dead outlaw was dreadfully mutilated after death, and the Go vernment have suspended the local coroner (Dr. Dobbyn) and Mr. Cobham (one of the inspectors of police), who did not interfere to prevent the outrage. A board of inquiry was appointed to investigate their conduct, but their re port has not yet been made public. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. " SATURDAY REVIEW" ON ELECTIONEERING AMENITIES.—The arrival of a general election is always a gloomy time for the enthusiastic partisans of universal suffrage. One can sympathise with a schoolmaster whose favourite pupil is exceptionally dull and stupid on the day of the Inspector's ex amination. Everybody can understand the kind of feeling with which a fond parent who has slim moned a model child to be admired by visitors dis covers that his young hopeful has torn his clothes and begrimed himself with dirt, and is disposed to be unusually fractious and impertinent expressly for the occasion. And there can be no reason why we should not respectfully drop a tear over the suf ferings and vexation of the benevolent politicians who have fully convinced themselves of the superior virtue and delicacy of all persons who live in houses below a rent of ten pounds a year. It must cer tainly be very provoking to see the people whom you are in the habit of extolling above all the rest of their kind for sterling good sense and self-re spect, bellowing and shouting in inarticulate and quite meaningless uproar by the hour together. There is something very curious in the change which seems to come over even quiet and decent persons when they get mixed up in a large mass of other quiet and decent persons. The result is like some chemical compound which differs utterly in appear ance and properties from the simple elements of which it is composed. Men who in private life would never think of interrupting even a speaker whom they did not like, still less of vociferating senselessly with no object and no meaning, as soon as they get among a crowd of others, seem to go in for a tho rough revel of unreason and confusion. Even at some of the Westminster meetings, which were com posed mostly of tolerably well-to-do people, the utterly meaningless character of the interruptions was perhaps the most notable thing about them. The latent folly which is supposed to smoulder un der the placid exterior of the wisest of mankind seems to burst out with irrepressible force under the excitement of numbers, and a couple of thou sand men, who in an ordinary way go about clothed and in their right minds, when brought together appear to be no more than a single idiotic giant. Cynics might have laughed over the spectacle of a great philosopher being roared and shouted at as if he were the Inimitable Mackney or the Perfect Cure. But, after all, even philosophers may console them selves-by the ancient reflection that there is so much human nature in the world, and it is undeniable that to shout meaninglessly is part of the human nature of all crowds. The interruptions, however, have not been altogether meaningless in the proceed ings of the week. Mr. Cox, for instance, " your old and tried member," knew only too well what was meant by the fatal cry, repeated at short inter ' vals, " How ab ou t Wat Tyler ?" The sensitiveness of the Finsbury electors to anything like historical inaccuracy is well known, and history is unhappily not Mr. Cox's strong point. " Lusk and Istory' has been an admirable election cry. A far meaner capacity than Mr. Cox's would have had no diffi culty in understanding the frequent exclamation, " Oh, you little rascal," " Oh, you little rogue," which rang i n f ront of the Finsbury hustings. Though apparently a slightly offensive form of ad dress, this is in reality a Finsbury phrase of endear ment. Indeed the addition of the diminutive is a mark of affection in all languages, and " rogue is of course only a playful term. There is something touching in this childish sportiveness on the part of the electors towards their faithful Cox. One can not picture a fonder scene. Unluckily, as is too often the case, the backers at the poll were consi derably less numerous than the backers at the hust ings. The little mistake about Wat Tyler had been fatal. Perhaps, on the whole, Cambridge deserves the palm for the most complicated and eventful kind of uproar. The organisation of the rowdies was perfect, all Conservative rowdies being massed on one side of the hustings, and all Liberal rowdies on the other, and each party obeying the signals of its chosen leader. Wh a t d el i cate distinction of politi cal opinion divided these two enthusiastic bodies it would be highly interesting to know. Different views of the beer supplied by the respective candi dates would no doubt have a powerful influence in deciding the cause which these lively non-electors were good enough to espouse. Questions of Par liamentary Reform, of the Ballot, of Church-rates, of the representation of minorities, would all be comprehended in the question of the best tap. But, by whatever means it happened that one half of the mob came to be Conservative and the other Liberal, there can be no doubt of the single-minded consis tency and enthusiasm with which each party stuck to its colours. The Liberals, with a steadfastness of purpose that does them honour, refused to let the Conservatives on the hustings say what they had to say , in peace, and the Conservatives, with no less laudable loyalty to the great principles of the British Constitution, discharged the same friendly office for their opponents. The leader of the Liberal rowdies is said to have done his duty with unfailing good humour, and indeed " throughout the morning considerably enlivened the proceedings with his powers of badinage." But the Mayor of Cambridge apparently dislikes badinage, for, with a nice tact and discretion not uncommon in such exalted people, he ordered the Lib era l leader into custody. As might have been expecte d b y any l ess wise person t o carry out the order,mayor, the thana police, who endea vouredfound they had got a wolf by the ears. They could ne i t h er b r i ng their prisoner away nor get away th emse l ves. They " be- came imbedded in the crowd, which then moved sideways in a firm and compact body,yelling, cheer ing, and occasionally fighting." That they only fought occasionally is a remarkable testimony to the singular consideration andforbearance for which the sovereign people is so deservedly eulogised. Some of the crowd, however, seemed to have found this vague and loose mode of combat rather slow, and so they retired to a quiet street in the neigh bourhood, and there refreshed themselves by wit nessing what the reporter styles an " affray" be tween two men of different views. These two ardent politicians, wearied no doubt with the sophisms of interested partisans, and despairing of finding the truth by any less indisputable process, resolved to settle the question of Conservatism or Liberalism on first principles, and resorted to the ordeal of battle. On which side the truth declared itself history does not record. Meanwhile, the humorous crowd who had not adjourned to the quiet street continued their elegant badinage. A heated Liberal, for in stance, exclaimed to Mr. Powell, " You're very like my grandmother"--a pointed pieceof sarcasm which excited the warmest admiration among one section of the crowd, and was made the pretext for a slight regalement in the way of a little more occasional fighting by the other. But the Conservatives had their turn. While Mr. Christie, the late Brazilian Minister, was using a good deal of strong language, and while the crowd could just hear such phrases from his diplomatic lips as " venal scoundrels," " every imaginable lie," " a mixt ure o f imbecility and ignorance," one of the Conservatives, perceiving the influence which this elegant declamation was having on the sympathies of the audience, saw that something must be done or the day would be lost. So, with singular f e li c ity of imagination, he de manded of Mr. Christie whether it was true that he was " a member of the Christy Minstrels." The merriment which this brilliant jest excited was inex tinguishable, and it was a considerable time before the candidate could go on with his remarks. At Windsor the proceedings of the crowd were much simpler and more effective. The business was practically conducted in dumb show. Nothing more articulate could be heard than uninterrupted yellings, hootirgs, and whistlings, which were kept up with exquisite impartiality alike for proposers, seconders, and candidates on both sides. Th e candidate at Chatham, who had to make his speech in a heavy thunderstorm, was scarcely more unhappily situated than the panto mimists at Windsor. With the exception of e , mysterious and frequently renewed cry about " Blankets," nothing was audible more than half a yard away from the speaker. More varied was the excitement at Stroud. The uproar with which Mr. Horsman was received prevented him from begin ning his speech for the space of twenty-fi ve m inutes after he fi rs t stood up. Perhaps he would never have been able to ger a hearing at all, but for the introduction of two effigies which tittled the crowd into a better humour. One of these witty devices was a head supposed to represent Mr. Horsman, one half of it painted blue, the other half yellow ; the second device was a weathercock, also painted with the Whig and Tory colours, and labelled on one side " Mr. Horsman in '53," and on the other " Mr. Horsman in '65." Mr. Horsman was equal to the occasion. The head, he at once remarked, is a block o f wood with no brains and a shut mouth, and he interpreted that to be the head of Mr. Pon sonby, his opponent. Again, he continued, the bird with the side of '65 represented a gamecock, and that of '53 was uncommonly like a goose. .Naturally this did not conciliate the enemy, and the uproar was resumed forthwith. When at last he got a hearing, the obnoxious candidate renewed his assault upon his rival, whom lie delicately compared to a prize pig running for the Derby. The party which brought forward Mr. Ponsonby would vote even for old Nick himself, and he believed that person would b e their most appropriate leader." The name of Ponsonby appeared in all the lists of persons pensioned by the Government, " and even one Sarah Ponsonby—Aunt Sally—had been pro vided for out of the public purse.' Humour of this sort was so exa c tl y after the manner of the mob hat we are surprised to find that the greatest con fusion followed on this charming piece of perso nality. One would have thought it was just suited for the palate of such a crowd. Greater applause p, idilowed Mr. Hoisitan."s fondrdits vittiperatitin .Of his adversaries as " ignorant, illiberal, and intole; rant ; numerically few, politically insignificant, and morally contemptible." It must be confessed that here, at all events, the candidate was a match for the masses. At Brighton, Mr. Moor—though not subjected to the persistent uproar which assailed Mr. Horsman—was sadly put out by a huge placard which rose above the heads of the crowd, with the words inscribed upon it in huge letters" Moor in his last agonies I" It is not every one who can face a roaring mob with equanimity, and retort upon them in kind. Neither is it every one who values the honour of a seat in Parliament sufficiently to undergo the mental torments and senseless indig nities to which, in certain English boroughs, he is invariably exposed. A CORRESPONDENT OF 44 THE CORRESPONDENT" ON PRIMOGENITURE AND ENTAILS.—To render the fol lowing remarks intelligible to the non-professional reader, it is necessary to premise that theoretically. all the landed property of this kingdom is held ulti mately of the Crown, that is to say, that however absolute the ownership of any man be, his tenure is not " allodial," but endures only, in the absence of alienation, so long as his " heirs" exist, failing whom the land reverts either to some mesne lord or to the Crown ; or in other words, the owner of a fee simple, although be possesses the jus disponendi to the full, and thereby is able to place his alienee in the same position as himself, must still contem plate the possibility of his land falling some day or other into the possession of the Crown, should both he and the mesne lord (if any) under whom he holds, die without heirs. It is difficult to explain this posi tion in popular language, but speaking in semi-legal language, the proposition simply is that the " fee simple," which, be it recollected, is the highest de gree of estate known to English law, " escheats" for want of heirs of the owner to the lord of the manor of which the land can be proved to be parcel, or if it cannot be proved to be parcel of any manor, then to the Crown. Now—to exclude from present con sideration the peculiar tenure of copyhold—to enter into any consideration of which would only em barrass the subject in hand—l must observe that land held in fee simple, or by the donation of the fee simple owner, for any interest greater than an' estate at will or for years, is a freehold, and the owner for the time being a freeholder ; whereas a person, who by the donation of a freeholder has only a right to his land for a term of years, is called a leaseholder, and his property a leasehold. To this I must add, that it is competent for a freeholder who is entitled to the fee simple to do nate or demise it to any other person for a term of years of any duration, be it one or a million of years, and thereby, to the extent of the dura tion of such term, to deprive the mesne lord or the Crown, as the case may be, of his or its chance or right of reverter by reason of a failure of heirs. Having regard to the preceding explanatory obser vations, I trust I shall be readily followed by your non-professional readers, when I observe that leaseholds for years are regarded by our law as personal property, that is to say, goods and chat tels, and that, as a consequence, they do not, on the death of the o wner , pass to the person whom the law designates as his heir-at-law, but just like his household furniture, or his money, or stock in the funds, are transmitted on his death pri marily to his executors or administrators for pay ment of his debts, and after their satisfaction belong to all his next of kin, the eldest son having no pre ference over his younger brothers and sisters. Free holds, on the contrary, alth oug h d ev isable by the will of the fee simple owner of them, descend, on his death intestate, to his heir-at-law, that is to say, his eldest male relative, who, of course, in the ma jority of cases, is his eldest son ; and here it is that the injustice of the law of primogeniture is felt. Now, sir, troubling you only w ith on e f ur th er ob servation, which is, that personal property, and therefore leasehold estates, cannot be entailed, an operation which is peculiar to freeholds, and con sists of the donation or settlement by a fee simple owner of his lands in such manner as that they shall pass from generation to generation to lineal to the exclusion of collateral heirs, I proceed at once briefly to enunciate the kind and fashion of reform which I propose for the abolition of primogeniture and en tails, adding only that the suggestion I now make is entirely novel, and has never, to the best of my belief, been even hinted at by any of the numerous opponents of these obnoxious laws. My proposal is by a short Act of Parliament •to enact (Ist) that after a given date all the land (or rather, speaking legally, all the hereditaments) in England and Ire land, held immediately of the Crown, or of which the seignory is in the Crown, shall cease to be of freehold tenure, and in lieu thereof shall be held of the Crown for a term of 1,000,000 of years, renew able for ever ; and secondly, that after the same date all hereditaments in England and Ireland, held mediately of the Crown, or of which the seignory is in a private person, shall likewise cease tobe of freehold tenure, and in lieu thereof shall be held of the mesne lord for a term of 1,000,000 of years less one day renewable for ever. _ _ ITIIE " ATIIEN.EUM" ON VISIBLE SPEECII.-Mr. Alexander Mellville Bell, who has for many years attended to the removal of defects in pronunciation, produces a method of writing sounds : this method is submitted to the,'sevprcst tests with perfect suc cess. It consists in picturing by totally new sym bols the actions of the several organs of speech, tongue, lips, teeth, &c. The number of fundamental symbols is 39. Each one of them is a direction to do something; so that if the user of it had forgotten the sound it represents, he would be taught it again by merely following directions. • The symbols, of course, represent the most elementary actions of the organs put together, they produce compounds. A full sneeze, for example, is a complex operation : it comes among what are called inarticulate sounds ; but Mr. Bell writes it down, and, for aught we know, could undertake to furnish every member of the House of Commons with a symbol representative of his own particular sneeze, as distinguished from those of all his colleagues. W. e, and many o th ers , have seen this method tested in the following way. Mr. Bell sends his two sons out of the room, and then invites the company to make words in any language, pronounced rightly or wrongly, and sounds of any kind, no matter how absurd o r origi nal : for it is the success of this method that, what ever the organs of speech can do, the new a l p h a b e t can record. Mr. Bell tries each sound himself, until the proposer admits that he has got it : he then writes it down. After a score of such at tempts have been recorded, the young gentlemen are recalled, and they forthwith read what is pre sented to them, reproducing to a nicety, amidst general laughter and astonishment, all the queer Babelisms which a grave party of philologists have strained their muscles to invent. The original symbols, when read sound after sound, would make a Christian fancy himself in the Zoological Gar dens. The utility of such a method is obvious : it is clearly one of those steps of which people ad mit the utility so long as they can deny the prac ticability :. and then, when obliged to admit the practicability, they deny the utility. Mr. Bell has formed a wide opinion of the range of application of his invention. He may, or may not, be fully jus tified ; but every one can see a great deal of what he sees. To communicate through the telegraph by pure sounds, independently of meaning, so that Arabic or Chinese may travel from a clerk who knows not a word to another just as unlearned as himself ; to teach the dumb how to speak by in structing them in the actual use of their organs ; to take down the sounds of foreign languages, espe cially those of sa rages, and to transmit them home : to learn how to pronounce a foreign language by interlinear use of the alphabet of sounds—will be a very pretty instalment. And while this is being gained, the rest may be discussed. Mr. Bell comes forward with a petition to Government. He asks just this—that the na ti on w ill b e at t h e expense o f casting his types and circulating his method ; also that he may be enabled to give to a sufficient num ber the requisite oral instruction. He submits that if he should be &bilged to do all this for himself, his system will be freely given to all the rest of the world, but restricted, within the British empire, by the action of the law of copyright. We sincerely hope that it will be taken up, either by the Govern ment or by part of the public concerned. To us it seems that the Missionary Societies alone would find it worth their while to bear the whole expense. But we should best like to see the Crown forward in putting before the world—after still further a and sharper testing, of course--a discovery which, if it be what we cannot doubt it is, must be called the final victory over a difficulty as old as written lan guage, and an obstacle which has seemed toinhere in the nature of writing itself. This system was perfectly completed in April, 1864. As long ago as 1849 Mr. Bell published a work in which he said " It would really be a matter of but little difficulty to re-construct our alphabet, and furnish it with in variable marks for every appreciable variety of vocal and articulate sound." But when he came to the attempt he found some lions in the path which, as is the nature of that sort of lion, did not show until the huntsman came close to their dens. The monsters were successfully attacked ; but they took a long time to conquer. That they are conquered has been seen. All that has hitherto been tried is the attempt to put the letters of a language or languages into symbols. We remember a work of the last century which professed to symbolize accent, rhythm, and cadence. A great many efforts have been made to spell words : but the system before us spells spelling. A FEW LAST WORDS ABOUT LORD WESTBURY.— FROM THE " LAW TimEs."—Lord Westbury, in bowing to the decision of the Commons, has pro mised, with regard to the future, that it will be his zealous anxiety, in the character of a private inena her of the House of Lords, to promote and to assist In ICCCOMplithiiig dll those reforms and improve ments in the adfirn istiatidn of justice which he thinks are required by the COlilitit4 His moral position in this course, so advantageous to the put= lie, will be strengthened if his persevering endeav ours to disconnect himself from the son who was the causa teterrima of his resignation be made clear. We need only extract a few; passages from his let ters to Mr. Miller and Mr. Skirrow, the ill-jUdgfitg and badly kind friends who frustrated those endeav ours, and horn whom Lord Westbury has had in disputable reason to cry " save Inc.' Had not Mr. Skirrow taken upon himself to withhold a letter which Lord Westbury bade him deliver to Mr. Bethell as an ultimatum, what has happened never would have happened. " I may," said Mr. Skirrow to the committee, "take this opportunity of saying that I am very sorry now that I did not deliver that letter." On Saturday, the 14th May, 1864, Lord Westbury wrote to Mr. Miller, mentioning Mr. Bethell's " flagrant misconduct," and said, " I feel it my duty instantly to remove him from his office. I beg you to prepare an order without a moment's delay, stating ' it has been proved to my satisfac tion that Mr. Richard Augustus Bethell has ne glected the duties of his office, and is unfit to be continued therein,' and that I therefore remove him from the office of one of the registrars of the court as from this day. It would be idle to speak to you of the state of mind I am in ; but I am determined that he shall be instantly removed, and that in the manner which justice requires." Mr. Miller, in stead of preparing the order, of which Lord West bury had thus framed the very language, wrote back on the same day entreating his " lordship to do nothing rashly." Mr. Miller would see "Mr. B." He believed the information about neglect of duty to be incorrect. "I pray of your lordship to suffer this matter to rest in my hands for forty-eight hours," &c. Lord Westbury replied, "I am much obliged to you for your kind, feeling letter. You knew I could not show my face in court if I did not in this case strict impartial justice. It has nearly broken my heart. I will wait until Monday." On the 16th Mr. Miller wrote again a long, plausible letter, try ing to work on the feelings of Lord WeStbury as a father, and to deaden his feelings as Lord Chancel lor ; but all this made no impression, except that he says he succeeded in persuading Lord Westbury that the charge of neglect of duty was false. On the 18th Lord Westbury answered, "I am much obliged by your kind and feeling letter respecting my son. But it is due to the public that he should resign, and therefore I shall accept and act upon his resignation as from to-morrow. I had no suspicion of his misconduct until the day on which I wrote to you my first letter, last Saturday. It has been to me an overwhelming affliction." But the crowning mischief of officiousness was on Mr. Skir row's part. In the same week as the correspondence, took place with Mr. Miller, Lord Westbury wrote to Mr. Skirrow, "After a sleepless night I can think of nothing better than the conclusion I mentioned yes terday. It is useless to make any arrangement founded on his retaining his office. It would be discreditable to me his being allowed to remain. He must leave the country immediately. . . I shall not listen to any proposal for some years. . . He and Flo' might go first by themselves to find a place of residence, and I would take care of the children here at Hackwood." After this Mr. Bethell and his family went abroad. Mr. Skirrow saw him in Paris in October, devised plans for re-establishing him here, and induced the family to return in December. At Christmas Mr. Skirrow went down to Lord West bury at Hackwood. " I tried," he says, "to get the Lord Chancellor into conversation about it, but the Lord Chancellor took a very decided view that there was nothing to be done but for his son and family to go abroad, and that was his determination." Mr. Skirrow returned to town, and Lord Westbury wrote to him, "As to Richard, it is hopeless; let him understand that I neither can nor will ask for any place for him. . . I will increase his allow ance to £l,OOO per annum if he will go and live in Dresden, or some proper place, and educate his children, there, where they can- be well brought up." Mr. Skirrow went down to Hackwood again in the beginning of January. " The Lord Chancellor," he says, " had been personally kind to me ;. but whenever I referred to his son, he always assumed an entirely different tone, and as I was leaving on the morning of the 4th of January he put into my hand an envelope addressed to his son, containing a letter, which he told me to read as soon as I had left the house, and I was then to hand it to his son, and I was to look upon that letter as his ultimatum, and that he would not see me if ever I spoke to him on the subject again." Mr. Skirrow did read that let ter ; he thought it excessively strong in its tone, and he did not think it could do any good, and he kept the letter and he never delivered it, but he con veyed to Mr. Bethell what was in the letter. The letter was as follows :—" Richard, nothing will in duce me to give you the place of clerk at the table if it should become vacant ; you have been a disgrace and a source of infinite sorrow and reproach to me during the last ten years. I have given you every opportunity of amendment, but there is no hope of you, nor have I the least confidence in your ever having better principles ; I will not see you again. Your best course will be to go to the continent, and try, by attention to your wife and children, to make some amends to them for the grievous injury you have inflicted on them." Not only was this letter suppressed, but the domestic plot against Lord Westbury went on, bringing with it the disreputable negotiations of February, which have since reflected fatally on his official career. It is not extravagant, then, in Lord Westbury, beset thus as he has been throughout, to " hope that after an interval of time calmer thoughts will prevail" in the House of Com mons, and that " feelings more favourable to himself will be entertained." THE " OBSERVER" ON MARGATE DECENCIVS..-- For several years past the Observer has steadfastly censured the indecency which characterises the con duct of but too many of the visitors at watering places at this period of the year. It was to have been hoped that the numerous complaints made through the medium of the press would have taught quasi ladies and gentlemen better manners. In some localities the authorities have endeavoured to keep the visitors within the limits of propriety, but, as a rule, a deaf ear has been turned to all remonstrances, and the scenes now daily witnessed are as bad as ever. This is very extraordinary. It was the boast of Englishmen that we were a more moral people than any other. The Court of Divorce has, how ever, unfortunately drawn aside theveil, and exposed a sad number of exceptions. Still, under ordinary circumstances, English ladies and gentlemen appa rently keep within the limits of propriety. Not so, however, at watering places. In these places no sooner do they arrive than they seem to give up their decorum with their railway or boat ticket, and to adopt practices which at home they would almost shudder even to read of. We do not wish to be considered ungallant, but the truth compels us to cenfess that at bathing places the ladies are worse than the gentlemen ; they set the example, and it is, therefore, not surprising if gentlemen follow it. Why it should be so we cannot imagine. Parents, as a rule, are especially careful as to the character of the schools to which they send their daughters and of the acquaintances they make. Married ladies at home are models of propriety, and set their children excellent examples. At the seaside, in some cases, their very natures seem to change, and they appear to vie with their daughters as to who shall most ex ceed the bounds of propriety. Take, for instance, the case of Margate. This favourite place of Cockney resort is rapidly filling with visitors, and soon scarcely a lodging will be vacant. There, unblush ingly, ladies and gentlemen bathe almost indiscrimi nately, for the distance which separates the gentle men's bathing machines and the ladies' is more in imagination than reality. The men gambol in the the water nearly in nature's garb, and the ladies, although they wear bathing dresses, conduct them selves as if they felt these dresses to be an incum brance. Ladies, at all events outwardly so, do not seem to consider that they outrage decorum by viewing from the pier and the beach, through opera glasses, the antics of nude gentlemen. We are not prudists, and do not profess to be more moral than other people, but we must confess that we cannot help blushing at the barefaced conduct of a certain portion of our countrywomen. Would any lady have the hardihood to go into Hyde Park, either in the morning or evening, when men and boys are bathing in the Serpentine, and watch them through race and opera-glasses ? We do not believe that any lady, with any pretensions to character, would dream of so misconducting herself. How is it then, a lady, modest and retiring in London, becomes brazen and bold at Margate ? It is an enigma which we confess we cannot solve, but the facts are patent to all who will not wilfully close their eyes to the scenes that are going on around them. But there arises this question, also, are the ladies and gentle men only in fault ? We think not. The local authorities have much to answer for in this respect. Families visit si atering-places during the hot season for the purpose of bathing, and they must either adopt the facilities afforded for bathing, or forego the luxury altogether. The local authorities, we are ready to admit, cannot make ladies or gentlemen moral or modest, but they can and ought so to ar range the bathing so that a really modest woman should not be compelled to have her sense of pro priety shocked. Surely at Margate there is plenty of space at certain times of the tide where all parties might enjoy the luxury of a sea-bath, and at such a distance from one another as to allow the rules of decency to be upheld. Again, why should not the local authorities insist that men should wear whilst in the water some kind of slight clothing ? It is invariably the rule in France, and on the Continent generally ; why not, then, adopt it here ? The local authorities may perhaps say that they have not the power to lay down such regulations, or, what is more to the purpose, could not enforce them. We very much doubt the alleged fact that they have not the yower. We believe that the present laws are sufficient for the purpose, and that the local authorities, if they had the inclination, could soon bring about a reform in these matters. And even if their local acts are insufficient, let them go to Parliament and get them amended. The House of Commons would only be too glad to have an opportunity of lending their aid to put down practices which would not. be tolerated in any petty town on the continent. But we are very much afraid that the authorities are blind to their interests. We are satisfied that if it was at once known that strict rules as to decency as regards bathing were enforced rigorously at Margate, the place would become much more popular than it is even at present. It might not be fuller, because, even under present circum stances, at this season o the year it is always full, but the class of visitors would be of a more select character than has hitherto been the case. But whilst on the subject there is another point to which it is necessary to draw attention. All the inhabi tants of the metropolis know to their cost that from four to five millions have been expended to get rid of the sewage, and to prevent the pollution of the Thames, and that quite two millions more will in the next four years have to be spent to take the London sewage away from London altogether- Visitors to Margate have no right to expect that at this watering place they will suffer more inconve nience from the sewage than they would be exposed to in London ; and yet such is the case. All visi tors to Margate know that the principal place for bathing is in the harbour ; but they are, perhaps, not aware that nearly the whole sewage of the ex tensive town of Margate is discharged into this har bour ; and, therefore, instead of visitors bathing in pure sea water, they literally wash themselves in diluted sewage. The bare idea is disgusting in the extreme, but at times the reality is worse. Why the authorities of Margate should have adopted such a system is extraordinary. Fifty years ago, when sanitary science was little known or appreciated, some excuse might have been found for their igno rance, but now they ought to know better. Com mon sense, it might have -been imagined, would have taught these gentlemen that, as the prosperity of the town mainly depended upon its character for healthiness, they ought to do everything in their power to make the town as attractive and salubrious as possible. This combined with the shameless ra pacity and incivility of the lodging-house keepers deters most persons of consequence from visiting Margate. COTJNTRY MARKETS NOTTINGHAM-SATURDAY. There was a fair supply of wheat, and the inquiry was firm at late prices. There was a limited supply of barley, the demand for which was quiet, and prices underwont no important alteration. Oats small supply, and the demand moderate at late currencies. Old white wheat, 44s to 48s ; old red, 40s to 44s ; new white, 44s to 48s ; new red, 39s to 44s per 36 stone. Bar ley, new malting, 27s to 35s per qr ; old grinding, 26s to 28a:; new, 25s to 27s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 27s to 308 ; new, 21s to 25s ; old foreign, 22s to 26s per stone. Beans, old, 43a to 46s ; new, 40s to 42s per 38 stone. NEW ZEALAND. From New Zealand the latest intelligence is that there has been a split between the Governor and General Cameron, and it is said that the former has declared that one or other of them will have to go home. A proclamation has been issued announcing that the Bari Marire fanaticism will be suppressed by force of arms, if necessary. The new supersti tion, however, appears to be spreading daily. The supposed murderer of the Rev. Mr. Volkner, one Rereopa, hes been arrested at Opotiki. General Cameron has returned to Auckland, and a memo randum has been drawn up by the Government proposing that in the event of the imperial forces being withdrawn, military operations will be con ducted by a force of 1,500 men. CABLE TESTING.—The strain to which the navy cables are subjected varies from four tons to 91 tons, according to the thickness of the iron which forms the links. Some of the machines are now so powerful that they could test to nearly twice the strain deemed necessary for any of the Government cables. It is found that one fourth of the cables ordered by the Admiralty prove defec tive under the test ; which comprises the tension-strain of each section separately, and the minute examination of every link, stay-pin, shackle, swivel, and staple. The cable is not rejected, but the maker replaces the de fective piece by another ; or else it is done at the dockyard, and he is charged the cost. Down to the present time, chain-cables belonging to the royal navy have been in better repute than those in the merchant-service, owing to the more scrupulous testing. An underwriter, or ship-in surer, will grant better terms if a. ship's cable have borne the Admiraltytest than if only the commercial test is ap plied. At Liverpool and elsewhere, testing-machines are kept, where commercial cables are tested, registered, and stamped for a certain fee, and a certificate given with each tested cable. But then there is, if not rascality, at least recklessness in some of the shipping people; for it is known that cables which have failed under the Liverpool test have been sold at a low price to such shipowners as do not scruple to risk life if they can save a little money by it. The superb chain -cables supplied to the Great Eastern by Messrs. Brown and Lenox bore a test such as has never been used for any others; the stoutest of them were tested up to 148 tons, and resisted a breaking strain up to 172 tons: as much as £24 per ton was paid for these cables.— , Chambers's Journal. NORWICH-SATURDAY. The business of this market was somewhat interrupted by . the county election, and but little wheat was shown ; prices must be considered about 1s per qr. lower in some instances than last week. Little doing in other articles. White wheat (weighing 631 b to 641 b), 48s to 49s ; red ditto (weighing 631 b to 641 b), 40s to 42s ; best malting barley (weighing 551 b to 561 b), 30s to 33s ; runs ditto (weighing 541 b to 551 b), 28s to 30s ; distilling ditto (weigh ing 521 b to 531 b), 24s to 26s ; oats, 24s to 26s ; beans, 37a to 39s ; peas (maple), 36s to 388 per qr; flour, 26s to 26s 6d per sack. YORK-SATURDAY. The supply of wheat limited, and the demand ruled mo derate at the prices of the week previous. Nothing doing in malting barley ; grinding steady at late prices. Oats good demand, and the show being limited, late rates were paid. New white wheat, 44s to 48s ; new red, 40s to 43s per 36 stone. Barley, for malting, 30s to 32s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 28s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 20s to 22s per 24 stone. Beans, 38s to 40s per 40 stone. Malt, 58s; rye, 28s per qr. Flour, 29s per sack of 2801 b. LEICESTER-SATURDAY. The show of wheat at to-day's corn market was mode+ rate, and sales took place steadily at unaltered rates. The show of barley was equal to the demand, and prices were unchanged. Oats in demand, and prices rather higher. Old white wheat, 42s to 46s ; old red, 38s to 43s ; new white, 43s to 48s • new red, 38s to 42s per 36 stone. Bar ley, malting, 32s io 34s per qr. ; grinding, 28s to 30s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 28s to 31s ; new, 23s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 40s to 44s ; new, 36s to 41s per 88 stone. DUBLIN.-FRIDAY. There was a fair attendance, but the election interfered with the business. Foreign wheat firmly held. Indian corn scarce, and fully previous prices paid. Corn firm. Oatmeal dull. Flour slow of sale, and prices nominal. Currencies :—White wheat, 22s 6d to 24s Gd ; red do., 20s 6d to 22s Od ; grinding barley, 12s Od to 13s Od; malt ing do., 13s to 14s 6d ; white oats, lls to 12s; black do., lOs Od to lls Od. CORK-FRIDAY. The following were the quotations this mo r ni ng : —R e d wheat, is 6d to Os Od ; white, 8s 8d to Os Od ; barley, 6s 9d to Os Od; oats, 8s Od to 8s 8d ; black oats, 7s 6d to Os Od; bere, Os Od. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton July 19. Ditto, via Marseilles July Brazil and Cape Verde. by British pac.et Aug. 4. Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena July 22. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Sou? hampton July 19. Ditto, via Marseilles July —. Falkland Islands (i;,l!raltar, via Southampton .... July 19. India ( c a ;z,itta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.... July 19. Ditto, via ALsseilles India (Bombay), via %.:Pthampton. July 26. • - Ditto, via Marseilles . . July 20. Mauritius, via Southampton ....... Ditto, via Marseile+ . .., Aug. 4. Newfoundland . .... July it. Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon.. United States and British North America, bylkl - packet Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton Ditto, via Cork •• . Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry July 21. West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe Juin—. West Indies and Pacific 4except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico July 29. Bahamas, via New Y ork. July 27. Bermuda, ditto Aug. 2. Cuba and Mexico July < 9. _ A WALKING-STICK FOR AN UMBRELLA.—We take the following from the Gazette de France : " A now and startling discovery of an umbrella, composed, not of silk, gingham, or any other similar texture, but actually of rain, has just been made. A gentleman (M. Drulep), on the road between Sourdes and Peyrouse, might recently have been seen, during a heavy rain, holding above his head a short walking-stick or cane. The rain, descending on this, spread out in a sheet of water, dome-fashion, and under this novel umbrella the inventor walked, as carefully protected from the falling rain as if the best silk had been above him. Crowds of people witnessed the occurrence, and very shortly, it is asserted, M. Drulep will make known his secret. Some scientific mon say that the extraordinary effect of the cane is owing to a now application of the principle known as tourniquet electrique." [ADVERTISEMENT.] Holloway's Pills. Confidential Adyice.—To all persons who suffer from bilious head ache; disordered stomach, biliousness, or flatulency, these pills are most strongly recommended as the safest, best, and quickest mode of obtaining ease without weakening or irritating the nervous system. Holloway's pills are espe cially useful in clearing away any excess of bile, which usually produces fever unless remedial measures be adopted without delay. In asthma, bronchitis, and congestion of the lungs, they may be relied upon for removing all dan ger, and by purifying and regulating the circulation they effectually prevent relapses. By rousing the live r t o a f a ir secretion of bile, and quickly carrying it off from the sys tem, theso pills ward off low . spirits, listlessness, and those di s t res sing feelings often called nervous. Births. JOLLIFFE.—On tho 14th inst., at 36, Upper Hyde-park gardens, the Lady Agnes Jolliffe, of a son, stillborn. MILWARD.—On the 15th inst., the wife of Major Milward, R.A., of a son. PElltY.—On the 15th inst., at 36, Eaton-place, Lady Perry, of a daughter. Marriages BALFOUR—LIDDELL.—On the 13th inst., at Saint Paul'S, Knightsbridge, Charles Balfour, Esq., of Newton Don, to Miss Minnie Liddell, eldest daughter of Colonel the Hon. Augustus Liddell. VE.ABLES—PRICE.—On the 13th inst., at Saint Andrew's, Holborn, T. W. Venables, Esq., of Gresham-road, Brix ton, to Amelia Hamilton, the eldest daughter of Robert Price, Esq., of Warwick -Court, Gray's-inn. Deaths. BuLLEN.- 1 0n tho 11th inst., at Lucerne, Switzerland, Ben jamin Bullen, Esq., of Tottenham, Middlesex, aged 66. CHlsHoLm.—On the 14th inst., at Cambridge, Mr. Henry E. Chisholm, aged 64. GRAVATT.-011 - the - 13th inst., Mary Catherine Gravatt, of 15, Park-street, Westminster. MANlFOLD.—Accidentally drowned while crossing the Demerara river, Mr. John T. Manifold, civil engineer, aged 36. _ _ SELLLE.—On the 12th inst., at 51, East-street, Brighton, Mr. William Searle, aged 32. WILLIAms.—On the 9th inst., at Talbot House, Holloway, Charles Williams, Esq., aged 73. 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