The Sun. — London, England, 1865-09-09 00:00:00

LOLVDON, SATURDAY, SEPT. 9, 1865. The virulence and extent of the cattle plague still continue to defy the preventive and remedial measures adopted ; though, great as the evil un doubteclly is, it would probably be far greater had not active steps been taken. The Government, con vinced of the urgency of the case, is issuing order after order, and meetings are being held in every part of the country, either to report the cases already occurring or to discuss the best means of avoiding infection. The loss of so many cattle would, under any circumstances, be a great national misfortune, but just now, with cholera threatening our shores, it is especially lamentable, since the poorer classes, who are the very ones most liable to epidemic attacks, must necessarily be the principal sufferers from the exorbitant price of meat. With meat, milk, butter, and cheese growing scarce and dear, it is rather hopeless to tell the working classes that a liberal supply of good wholesome food is a powerful preventive of cholera. The disease, as matters at present stand, has raged chiefly among the milch cows, and has fairly decimated our dairies, reducing many large cowkeepers and dairy-owners to abso lute poverty. When we hear of 30, 40, and even CO and 70, cows swept away from one dairy in the course of two or three weeks, we may well feel that the disease has assumed a startling aspect, one demanding every exertion LL to meet It, every effort that science, skill, or caution can make, to check its fearful progress. It is at all events a matter of congratulation that it has not yet manifested itself in the sister kingdom, whose prosperity mainly depends on agricultural sources, and which will consequently be able to supply us with valuable stores. The latest order in Council prohibits the exportation of any of the hides, horns, hoofs, or any part of the animals from this country to Ireland. The transport of live cattle was forbidden some little time since, but this order takes the additional precaution of preventing the export of any part of the animal. This caution will gratify the Irish, who naturally viewed with great apprehension the pos sibility of the disease. It is not certain by what means the disease can be communicated, whether by contact with the affected animals or by inhaling their breath, or by means of articles which they have touched. It is a question upon which doctors disagree, as they do respecting the origin of the disease, and the best method of treatment. The only thing of which we can be absolutely certain is, that it is infectious, and that, therefore, no precaution can be excessive, no care superfluous to prevent its introduction into a yet uninfected district. The transit of diseased cattle along the roads, the use of railway trucks or cattle pens where diseased animals have been placed, may spread the evil through a healthy and prosperous neighbourhood, bringing ruin and desolation in its track. Let us be thankful that the destroyer has paused on this side of St. George's Channel, and let us not be grudge any inconvenience or trouble which may curtail its operations. It is worth notice that the disease has broken out Rolland, where it is raging in many placed, Active measures for disinfection are being taken there, and all fairs and cattle markets axe sus pended until further orders. It would certainly be wise for those cattle-owners in England who have been fortunate enough to escape the malady to avoid making any purchases at the large markets at present, and to introduce no new stock into their fields and sheds. The question of insurance and compensation is being eagerly discussed at most of the metropolitan and provincial meetings. The metropolis itself and its vicinity have been the scene of terrible devastation. At the meeting of the Metropolitan Plague Committee yesterday, at Guildhall, a letter was read from a dairy keeper, at Islington, in which she stated that towards the end of June the disease made its appearance in her sheds. Every means had been tried to arrest its progress, and Professor SYMONDS had given his assistance and advice. Nevertheless, such was the virulence and fatality of the disease that in less than a fortnight 85 cows had been sacrificed. This is certainly an extreme case, but in smaller establish ments the proportion has been equally great. All over the country, in the parts where the disease has shown itself, similar instances have been reported. At the Chelmsford meeting a gentleman was mentioned who had 30 cows, and made a business of supplying milk to London. He lost every one of these cows by the cattle disease, and his business was lost with them. To relieve such a case as this, which every man feels may be his own, it is proposed by the farmers and gentle men of the provinces to establish insurance asso ciations. It was doubted at the Chelmsford meet ing whether the association should be a county one or be composed of small district societies. The larger s, - theme was decided upon after some discus sion, in which powerful arguments were adduced for it. One gentleman observed, as an objection to the district association plan, that in some places the value of stock was so great, that the event of the disease breaking out a united society could not meet its own engagements. The value of the cattle in his own immediate neighbour hood was over £2,000. If the disease broke out in a district like that, it would, as he justly observed, swamp a small insurance association. Another ad vantage of the county insurance plan would be that the nobility and large landowners could subscribe liberally for the general good, and indeed subscrip tions would probably be forthcoming from many other quarters. At the metropolitan meeting various plans for the mitigation of the evil were suggested, and the diffi culties of the question were fully and fairly discussed. Letters were read from eminent foreigners respect ing the nature and origin of the disease and various modes of treatment suggested. The adoption of sanitoriums, to which all animals affected can be at once removed, was decided upon, and it seems to be a very prudent measure, since it may enable a cowkeeper at once to remove the dis ease from his premises without sacrificing his animals unnecessarily. The best mode of cure can also be more easily decided upon when the animals are treated in the aggregate. A committee was also formed for the purpose of investigating the reports of the inspectors and settling the amounts to be paid to the owners of cattle handed over to the com mittee. By this means the temptation to conceal the disease in its earliest stages will be removed, which will be a great point gained. Altogether we may hope from the energy and good sense brought to bear upon the question that a change for the better may be looked for, and that, unless from some excep tional or uncontrollable cause, the worst is over, since we are prepared for the danger, and have arranged our means of defence. At all events, we have learned a lesson of humanity by this infliction, and it is to be hoped that the conveyance of live stock, whether by rail or by vessel, will henceforth be conducted in a manner less disgraceful to our humanity and our civilisation. At the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Professor LEONE LEVI read a paper on statistical dates, in relation to the representation of the people. He presented an interesting analysis of the state of the popu lation of England in regard to their capabilities of voting. There are about five millions of males of twenty-one years and upwards. Physical in capacities prevent a large number from being ranked in the category, and want of culture also excludes many. An immense number must be eliminated from the electoral body, for the crimi nals and paupers bear a large proportion to the rest of the population. The men in the army, the civil servants, and the male domestic servants, are to be considered also as out of the pale. The most liberal electoral law cannot, therefore, include more than three millions. Professor LEVI went on to touch upon the vexed question as to how many should possess the privilege of the franchise, and he very fairly stated the many complications that attend the subject, and stated that it would be extremely difficult to adjust the votes on any precisely equitable basis to meet the rights of the entire community. The conclud ing remarks of this paper were very appropriate, I and are well worthy of attentive consideration by those who devote much time and thought to the mechanism of measures of Reform, and propound schemes to the community of more or less merit and feasibility. It is here stated that, as a gene ral rule, the privilege of voting should be given to those men who rise to the surface of society, instead of granting it promiscuously to those whose carelessness and intemperance keep them in the lower state of social life. Thus the right to vote might be considered as a stimulus to intelligence and economy ; and the State, if it could not under take to elevate and educate the masses, should " at least show that for the exercise of the higher func tions of a free man in a free country the citizen must prepare himself by a life unstained in charac ter, high in moral principle, and well trained and enlightened in the great school of constitutional and political government." Sir WILLIAM ARMSTRONG presided at the department for Mechanical Science, and delivered an impressive address in an appropri ate manner. lie declared that Birmingham was a fitting spot for the annual meeting of the Mechani cal Secti on of the British Association ; and this is certainly true when we come to think of it, for that town more than any other in the kingd om p resen t s proofs of me c h an i cal and manufactming progress, so that the membe rs of the A ssoc i at i on may enjoy the advantages of examining these trophies of scientific discovery and evidence s o f mechanical genius, and then of meeting to discuss the princi ples on which they are conducted, and descant on the theories so ably put into practice. Such a 'combination of study and exploration must naturally conduce to the extension and im provement of the general knowledge of the community, for those who thus benefit themselves will be able to impart the advantages of their expe rience to others, and disseminate the stores of use ful and interesting information which this association and other societies afford the means of acquiring. The President reminded his hearers that they were on ground rendered classic by the labours of WATTS." He adverted to the advantages that will be gained by the recent discovery of hewing coal by machinery," and truly added, ti at "whatever I tends to lessen human labour in the dark and dan gerous recesses of a coal mine must be a great bene fit to the community." No doubt the adoption of this plan will at first be regarded with prejudice in some quarters on account of its throwing many per sons out of employment, but this objection must not be regarded by the political economist as a valid one, because eventual benefit is of higher moment than mere temporary inconvenience, and, besides, it is shown by experience that the establish ment of machinery instead of human labour does not in the end _cause any diminution of employ ment. Mr. BESSEMER read a very instructive paper on the " Manufacture of cast-steel, its pureness, and employment as a substitute for wrought-iron." The interest excited by the perusal of this paper was very great, and an animated discussion after wards followed upon it. It is, indeed, one of those topics which form the chief subject of interest among scientific men at the present day, and the comprehensive manner in which it was here treated rendered it a privilege for those who heard it. It is interesting to notice the changes that have taken place in the production of steel. In 1851 the jury of the International Exhibition reported that a " monster ingot" of steel was exhibited, weighing 24 cwt., supposed to be the largest of the kind ever shown in England. Since then, however, striking improvements have been made, for the largest BESSEMER apparatus in Sheffield is " capable of producing with ease, every four hours, a mass of cast steel weighing 24 tons, being 20 times larger than the " monster ingot " of 1851. For the future, also, we may expect still greater wonders to be achieved, for when the Bauer Steel Company have completed their new converting-house the works will be capable of producing weekly from two thousand to two thousand four hundred tons of cast steel. There are now in England either erected or in course of erection as many as sixty " convert ing vessels," and these are capable of producing, when in regular operation, six thousand tons of steel weekly, or " fifteen times the entire produc tion of cast steel in Great Britain before the intro duction of the BESSEMER process." Such facts speak for themselves, and are incontrovertible proofs of the advantages gained to the community by perseverance in the right direction. There is also to be noticed the desideratum effected in a pecuniary point of view, as a saving is made of no less than £6,240,000 per annum, even in this infant stage of the Bessemer Steel Manufacture. Many will concur with Sir W. ARMSTRONG in his felici tations to Mr. BESSEMER upon the great success which had attended his " long-continued and per severing labours," and the interesting and instruc tive subjects he had given for reflection and dis cussion. It is, indeed, always a satisfaction when those who devote time and thought to an under taking of this sort are in any degree fortunate enough to realise their expectations ; for such success is their own desert, and it serves to encourage others in the same road of arduous endeavours to benefit their generation. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL ADELPHLI Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, at 7, GOOD FOR NOTHING. Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Mr. Felix Rogers. After which, at 8, RIP VAN WINKLE. Rip (his 6th appearance), Mr. Jefferson, supported by Messrs. Billingto J u, P. Bedford, It Phillips, Felix Rogtrs, Ashley, liburne, C.. Smith; Mrs. Billingtor, &c. To c , nclude, at half-pa't 10, with THE WIDOW'S VICTIM. Messrs. Biliington, Felix Rogers , A shle y ; Miss H. Simms, Miss Seaman, and 11iss Jenny Willmore. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. .111 IS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher, entitled HEART-STRINGS AND FIDDLE -STRINGS. Alter which, ARRAY! NA VOGUE : Mesrs. Dion Bond cault, J. Brougham, 11. Vandenhoff, D. Fisher, 1). Murray ; Mrs Boucicauit and Miss Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. Commence at 7. GRATIS AND POST FREE. E. MOSES and SONS' New Pamphlet, THE PHILOSOPHY OF DRESS. MOSES AND SON E• respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUN ENILE CLOTHING. The newest faurics .andl with the latest and most fashionable designs. he best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices are such as must satisfy the most economical. This depart ment is in a oi!itinct part of the premises, which will be found a greet convLnience for ladies and children, MOSES AND SON • respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assurted SIT3I3IEic STOCK. MOSES AND SON'S •"SANDRINGHAM" and "DANISH " WRAPPER :Introduced by them) is the newest and most lashiontbe style of Overcoats for the season. MOSES AND SON'S • READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING- for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S ~• CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT. from 30s. MOSES AND SON'S ~• HOSIERY and DRAPERY, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S • HATS AND CAPS, fur all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S ~• BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S • OUTFI l'S. for all classes, all ages, and all climates. E. MOSES AND SON'S LONDON HOUSES, 164, 155, 156, 157, Minories ; 83, 81, 85, 86. 87, 88, 89, Aldgate ; 506, 507, 508, New Oxtord--street ; 1,2, 3, llart-sire.ft 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Euston-road. Also, Bradford, Yorkshire. MOSES AND SON'S 2.,4• Establishments are closed tvery Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed unit 11 o'clock. All articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article nut appnved of will be exchanged, or the money returned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, " The Philosophy of Dress," gratis and post free. fIpHE LAST EDITION OF " THE SUN," JL Containing the Latest SrOILTING INTELLIGEI\ Cti;, Dan be had Every Evening of G. It. GLItNEE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN " JIL supplied, as soon as published every Evening, by W. ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendisti- 4treet, Oxiord-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published. containing all the LA FEET NEWS and SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, by W. HARRIS, NeNspaper Agent, 4, Blacktriars-road, London, S. THE LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN." .J. 110L3IES begs to inform his friends, and the public generally, that he aupphes the LertsT Evil'! N of -Tim SUN" as soon as published —so. 16, Hampstead road, N.W. TEETH AND PAINLESS DENTISTRY.- Messrs. LEWIN and SIMEON MOSEL/ and SONS, Berners-street, Oxford-street, and 448, StraTid, opposite Charing-cross Railway Station. Est.')'jailed t8:30. Artificial Teeth made with their patented advantages are fitted with- Gut the least inconvenience, however tender the mouth, sup porting and strengthening loose and sensitive teeth until they become useful in mastication. Their resemblance to nature is perfect and undetectable, and they are guaranteed for all purposes of mastication and articulation. Operations of every kind being* unnecessary, the most nervous patient tan be supplied wi hout fear of pain or inconvenience. Con- Saltation iree. Teeth from ss. Sets, 7, 11 , , and l 5 Guineas, warranted. lor the cflical,y, utility, and success of this system, vide " lancet." Daily attendance at 15, Whitefriargate, ; 10, Norfolk street, Sheffield ; 1, East-parade, Leeds ; and 14, St. Nicholas strect, S.Jarbro'. . 4 ,* 100 connection with any one of the same name. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAT.—Morning, 4h. 26m. Afternoon, 4h. 46m T o-Mon.Row.-Morning, 511. 10m.—Afternoon, sh. 30m. •- 3 , tfr•titi ok, 12"4kL1*' rHE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVEINING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1865 The Release of Consul Cameron. The following communication has been addressed to us from the Foreign-office : " Mr. Layard presents his compliments to the editor of The Sun, and begs to inform him that, according to the information received from Egypt since the date of:the telegram of the sth, it would appear that Captain Cameron has been released from his chains, but has not left Abyssinia; and that King Theodore has invited Mr. Itassam to come to him at once through Egypt. The messengers which Mr. Rassam had sent up to King Theodore had been well treated and allowed to return to Ilassowah. "Foreign-office, Sept. 6." Cattle Disease. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—Having read an account in your paper of the 4th inst., in which you state that Miss Burdett Coutts had sustained a loss of 19 cows out of 20 that were attacked by the prevalent destructive disease, in describing how they were attacked you mention that it was by a great discharge of mucus from their mouths and nostrils, and a running from their eyes. This brought to my recollection a circumstance that occurred on board a sloop of War, in the Me diterranean, on the coast of Syria, in 1827, viz. : That we received on board some sheep for the officers' mess, and that they were all attacked in the same manner as described relative to the cows aforesaid. It so happened that a marine on board came to me, as senior lieutenant, and said, " If, sir, you will please to order me some vinegar and salt, I will cure the sheep." The vinegar and salt were given to him, and after he had mixed them together in a bowl, he rubbed their faces with it with his hand, but more particu larly their noses and mouths, after which he allowed them to drink a little of the vinegar and salt out of the bowl, which they did very readily, and it certainly cured them.—l am, Sir, yours truly, JOHN MONDAY, Vice-Admiral. 24, Torring-place, Plymouth, 7th Sept., 1865. THE CHOLERA IN TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Aug. 31. For upwards of a week a regular diminution of the prevailing epidemic has been clearly perceptible, after a terrible increase had taken place during the Greek fasts, but mainly among persons of that na tion. The cause of the increase will be perfectly intelligible, if it is remembered that during the fasts no other food than decomposed or decomposing sub stances, such as caviare, dishes prepared with oil, olives, salt fish, &c., is allowed to be consumed. In some Greek quarters the number of the dead rose to so great a height that the gravediggers were notable to perform their duties, and registration of the num ber of deaths was abandoned. It was singular that, in consequence of putrid infection, the symptoms of the disease assumed a clearly typhoid character, such as rarely previously has been the case. The Patriarch immediately gave permission that more appropriate food might be consumed during the fasts, but the fanaticism of the Greek population was so extreme that his right of even temporarily suspending so time-honoured an institution was vehemently denied. Fanaticism in Smyrna was even more rampant. In that city the archbishop was nearly torn to pieces when he read the Patriarch's order. Fortunately the fasts are now at an end, and the epidemic has also greatly abated. It still, however, makes numerous victims in the Jewish quarters and in the Fanar, as well as in various vil lages along the Bosphorus. Having now to some extent recovered from the universal panic which has prevailed, the Turkish public is beginning to look about it and count the losses which have been sustained. The Maronite bishop, who arrived here from the Lebanon with Daoud Pasha, is among the dead. The Kasnadar carried o keptwho iirsta, i.e., Mi s t ress o f th e R o b es i n t h e S u l tan ' s palace, an d severa l lad i es of the harem, have been if ; a cook secret, attacked, an d i n w t o h t o h s e e d ecease was carried edthe disease palace. The Court has in consequence dispersed in all directions, the Sultan having taken up his re sidence at the Ildis Kiosk, in the neighbourhood of Ortakoi. The gross total of the dead is said in the official reports to be 41,000, but the bulletins published are all far too low. There have beendays upon which the number ranged from 1,500 to 2,000.1 A report of the Sanitary Intendant Marchand states that the cholera is now at Kustendje, Sulina, where 96 deaths have occurred, Trebizond, Sam sun, Salonichi, alld Bagdad, whence it has spread to Bushire, Shiraz, and Ispahan. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAIIS.) AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE CHINA. (Via Roches Point.) NEW YORK, AUG. 29, Evening. The district attorney has entered a prosecution for forgery in the people's name against Ketchum, alleging that no private complainants were willing to prosecute unless compelled. Wirz's counsel again abandoned his case on ac count of difficulties with the court, but at the pri saner's earnest solicitations they resumed the defence. The military authorities at Raleigh, North Caro lina, have refused to deliver to the civil authorities, on demand of Governor Holden, three citizens arrested for outrages on negroes, alleging that the civil authorities neglect to take cognisance of these outrages. Montgomery Blair has made a speech accusing Messrs. Seward and Stanton of encouraging and sympathising during the latter part of Buchanan's administration with the leaders who had dragged the country into rebellion. Railroad accidents involving serious loss of life continue to occur. Heavy frauds have been discovered among the army paymasters. The Shenandoah has burned the whaling ships Helman, Isaac, Howland, Nassau, Brunswick, Waverley, Martha, Congress, Favourite, and Cov ington, and has bonded the James Meury, near Behring Straits. She was last seen steering towards Lawrence Bay. Two Federal ironclads left Aca pulco during July to capture her. The North American Hansa and City of Wash ington have arrived out. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Gold, 144 f ; Exchange on London, 17 ; on Paris, 3.584 ; Stocks quiet ; New York Central, 324 Illinois, 1224 ; Erie, 861 ; 5-20 Bonds, 1064. NEW YORK, AUG. 30, Noon. President Johnson has issued a proclamation re moving the trade restrictions with the Southern States on all articles previously declared contraband of war, subject only to such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. Mr. Davis will be tried in a United States circuit court ; probably, at Norfolk, Virginia, Chief Justice Chase presiding. The South Carolina planters complain that the negroes refuse to work unless under military com- pulsion. The cotton crop is not expected to give more than half the ordinary yield. It was rumoured from Havannah that the Spanish steamer overdue from San Domingo had been seized at Samance by the Hayti revolutionists. NEW YORK, AUG. 31 (Evening). Trade restrictions with the Southern States in all articles contraband of war have been removed. The Shenandoah continues to capture whalers. A Union mass meeting has been held at Rich mond, when resolutions were passed to express in dignation at the suspicion of the Northern press and people that the Southerners were insincere in taking the oath of allegiance, and to express their loyalty to the Government, and also their acquiescence in the result of the war, including the abolition of slavery. It was also recommended that similar meetings should be held throughout the South. E. B. Ketchum has been committed to the Tombs prison. The prosecution of Mumford has been abandoned, and he has hcen discharged. More friendly feelings are reported to exist be tween the Federal and Imperial officers along the Rio Grande. The Africa has arrived out. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, AUG. 31, Evening. Money easy. Gold, 144 k. Exchange on Lon don, 1571 ; on Paris 3.584. Stocks slightly firmer ; New York Centrals, 93 1 L, ; Illinois, 1241 ; Erie, 86i ; 5-20 Bonds, 107 ; cotton steady ; middling upland, 43 ; flour and wheat dull ; corn heavy ; provisions dull ; coffee and molasses steady ; sugar quiet and unchanged ; petroleum quiet ; crude, 32; refined, 53i. The Royal Mail steamship China from Boston and Halifax arrived at Queenstown at 6.40 a.m. to-day (Sept. 9), with 155 passengers and $7,796 in specie. She landed 122 sacks of mails and 18 passengers, and proceeded for Liverpool immediately. All well. MEXICO. Advices from Vera Cruz to the 14th instant an nounce that the Imperialists had re-occupied Ta cambero, completely routing the Republican army of the centre with heavy loss in men, and capturing all its artillery. The town of Zongolica, in Orizaba, had proclaimed against the empire. The Mexican Estafette asserts that the Emperor Maximilian has determined to send an official per sonage to Washington, in order to ascertain the at titude of the United States Government towards Mexico. FRANCE AND THE MURDER OF K OTT, PARIS, SErT. 9. It is asserted that the French Government has addressed a note to the Prussian Cabinet in refer ence to the murder of M. Ott, which dwells upon the fact that France extends her protection to all her subjects. PORTUGAL. LISBON, SEPT. 8. The Cortes have been adjourned until the sth November, in order to give the new Ministers time to prepare measures. FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept B.—Two o'clock.—After opening with a fair advance, the market has suddenly retro graded, and values show a downward tendency. Threes, for Account, after gaining 7f c., have now only an advance of tic. The loss on Credit Mo bilier Shares is 3f. 75c. Spanish Mobilier have re ceded. The Stock most in demand has been the Old Mexican Loan, which has attained 511 fr., show ing an advance of per cent. New City Bonds are doing 472 fr. 50c. Consols come with a fall of per cent. for the October account. Three o'clock.— The market has recovered from the weakness shown at two o'clock, and closed at the following improved quotations : 4,1 per Cents 96 50 Do. end month — 3 per Cents. 69 40 Do. end month 69 40 Credit Mobilier 820 Do. end month 821 25 Bank Shares 3595 Credit Foncier 1330 Italian Loan 66 30 Do. end month 66 50 RAIL' Ditto Threes Roman Mexican Loan 5l 25 Do. Bonds 337 50 Russian — Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt — Deferred 'AI'S. Cash. Acct. 85 ..• . Orleans 109311 75 •.. Northern 7 Lyons and Mediter ranean ••• 878 5 Southern ••• 570 Western 550 Eastern Sardinian. 240 Austrian __ ••• 415 Lombard ••• 467 50 North of Spain ••• 222 50 Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona 142 50 olb 206 25 Romans iiiii iiiiiii moult France and the Gastein Convention RELTTER'S EXPRESS. BRUSSELS, Sept. 8. The Journal de Brusselles publishes the follow ing as the text of a circular said to have been addressed by M. Drouyn de Lhuys to the diplo matic representatives of France in foreign parts, with reference to the Galstein Convention. " The newspapers have brought us the text of the Gastein Convention. It is not my intention to enter into its stipulations in detail, but it may not be devoid of interest to examine what are the motives which have guided the two great German Powers in these two negotiations. " Have they intended to consecrate the right of ancient treaties ? Assuredly not ; the treaties of Vienna had settled the conditions of existence of the Danish Monarchy. These conditions are over thrown. The Treaty of London was a new testi mony to the solicitude of Europe for the duration of the integrity of that monarchy ; it is torn by two of the Powers by whom it had been signed. " Have Austria and Prussia concerted together for the defence of an unacknowledged succession ? In place of restoring to the best authorised claimant the inheritance in dispute, they share it between themselves. "Do they consult the interest of Germany ? Their confederates have only learnt the Gastein arrangements through the public prints. Germany desired an indivisible Schleswig-Holstein State, separated from Denmark, and governed by a Prince whose claims she had espoused. This popular can didate has now been set aside, and the Duchies separated, instead of being united, pass under two different rulers. " Have the two Powers wished to guarantee the interest of the Duchies themselves ? It was stated that the indissoluble union of the territories was the essential condition of their prosperity. " Has the partition, at any rate, had the object of disintegrating two rival nationalities, and putting an end to their interior discussions by securing to each an independent existence ? This is not the case, for we see that the line of operation taking no account of the distinction of races, allows Danes to be confounded with Germans. " Have the wishes of the populations been consi dered? They have not been consulted in any shape, and there is not even a question of convoking the Schleswig Holstein Diet. • " Upon what principle then does the Austro- Prussian combination rest ? We regret to find in it no other foundation than force, no other justification than the reciprocal convenience of the sharers. This is a practice to which Europe has now become unaccustomed, and prece dents for which must be sought in the saddest epochs of history. Violence and conquest pervert the notions of right and the consciousness of nations. Substituted for the principles which regulate the life of modern society, they form an element of trouble and of dissolution, and can only overthrow the ancient order without solidly building up any new system." Girls of Christ's Hospital. In the report just issued relating to Christ's Hos pital, Mr. Hare states that all the early and chief gifts of the property held by the hospital are ex pressed to be for the benefit of poor children, with out distinction of sex ; nor does the hospital during the early period of its institution appear to have been appropriated more to boys than to girls. For many years past, however, up to a recent period, only six girls were admitted (at Hertford) every year, be sides those received under specific trusts. The education of a boy so as to advance him in life was thought to be of so much greater material advan tage to a family than the education of a girl, that it was a common expression that a governor " threw away" his presentation on nominating a girl. But the purpose of the foundation was the public good, and Mr. Hare considers that the general good would have been better promoted if at least an equal share of the funds of the hospital had been expended in the education of girls. As one of the governors has remarked, if but one of the two parents of a family be sensible, well-informed, and well-educated, it is better for the character and welfare of the children, and therefore better for the public, that this advan tage should be on the side of the mother of the family. In 1858, when there were 61 girls in the establishment at Hertford, it was, at the request of the governors, examined by the Rev. F. C. Cook, one of her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools. He had to present a sorry account of the condition of the girs' school. He found it below the level of a good parish school. He made a series of sugges tions for its management, regarding it merely as a place where girls should be thoroughly educated for domestic service, for apprenticeship to milliners, to be nurserymaids, or the wives of respectable arti sans ; and he presented another series of recommen dations applicable, if the governors, considering the resources at their disposal, should deem it proper to educate girls for the position of nursery governesses, assistants in middle schools, dressmakers of a supe rior order, Queen's scholars in training colleges, or other employment which a respectable tradesman, or a professional man with a small income, might look forward to without humiliation as a fair pros pect for his daughters. But in the following year, 1859, a sub-committee of ahnoners reported to the General Court that the alterations neces sary in the girls' school in order to place their education on an equality with that of the boys',' would involve the complete remodelling of the sys tem of instruction and the entire reconstruction of the girls' buildings, and that it might be doubted whether an education of such a character would be a suitable one for girls of that station of life of which the establishment at Hertford chiefly consisted. The sub-committee recommended that, as far as possible, the girls' school should be discontinued, and the number of boys increased. The General Court, though not abolishing the presentation of girls, re scinded the rule which required that six girls be ad mitted every year ; and the consequent has been that the number in the school has been reduced to 26, who are retained, it would seem, in obedience to specific trusts. Mr. Hare considers that it might have been hoped that an observance of the terms of the foundation, which make no distinction of sex, a re gard to the sacred name of the hospital, and a grate ful recollection of the bounty of many female donors would have guarded the governors against a disre gard of the claims of female children for education ; but that they should not be blamed for the neglect of a duty which it was not in the spirit of their time very clearly to perceive, and which, if they had more clearly seen, they probably would have been unequal to perform. But he submits to the Charity Com mission that it is of great importance that this error be not continued now that the public mind is awak ened to more enlarged views of social duty. No dif ficulty would be found in obtaining the aid of some of those persons who have so honourably distinguished themselves by their endeavours to improve the edu cation and condition of women in establishing a scheme for a system of education, perhaps in several homes rather than in any large concentration of num bers. Mr. Cook included in his higher scheme French, Latin, and the elements of geometry, with great attention to English composition ; and even in his lower scheme he included music and drawing, the first as conducing to good and cheerful order, and having an undoubted effect upon the character and tone of girls, and the second as of real practical use to them as needlewomen. Both schemes comprised instruction in needlework, washing, cooking, and every kind of household work. It might be desir able, he thinks, to receive the girls at and maintain them to a later age than heretofore. The change might be made gradually and experimentally by a dapting or renting houses in the metropolis, with out any 'preliminary expenditure on buildings. SERIOUS AFFRAY AT BONN. A few evenings since a serious disturbance occurred at a place of public entertainment, at Bonn, and assumed such propor tions that the inspector of police called in the aid of the military, who ha , : to use their sabres. Two persons were killed, one of them being the prime mover of the fray, who had stabbed several persons with a long poniard ; six others, two of whom. were watchmen, received dangerous wounds, and were conveyed to the hospital in a hopeless state. Meeting of the British Association. BIRMINGHAM, Sept. 7. The conversazione in the Town Hall last night brought together more than 2,000 members, associates, and ladies. Thorn was a rather heavy collection of works of manufac turing ingenuity, models of the original steam-engine of Watt, and several cases of quartz and rare metals. Pho tographing by the magnesium light, and the consequent production of that class of miniatures called pistolgrams, was a source of some amusement, and attracted large groups around the place of operations. The hall was well lighted and ventilated ; and although it required the exer cise of considerable tact to thread a way through the assemblage in any given direction, the crowding was not excessive. A large room in the basement was fitted up in excellent taste with refreshment comptoirs, and in this, as in all the other arrangements under the direction of the corporation of Birmingham, the soiree was worthy of the town and of the association. The weather this morning was extremely warm. In Section A there was a good attendance to hear the reports to be given by Mr. Glaisher and Mr. Birt on the progress of lunar science. Tho moon has been mapped into four quarters, and the situations of hills, plains, and vales have been definitively fixed and sketched. Professor Phillips, after congratulating the section on the advance made in their knowledge of the moon, took occasion to recommend telescopes of six inches in diameter for lunar observations. This would give a magnifying power of 400, which would be quite sufficient to define a place like Birmingham, were such a place existing on the moon. The remainder of the papers brought before this section were of more scientific than general interest. Dr. Angus Smith showed to the Chemical Section the apparatus and method invented by himself for estimating carbonic acid in the air. By dissolving pyrites and com pressing air, and by the employment of an indiarubber bulb, a precipitate of carbonic acid is obtained, and the apparatus has been used as a means of showing the state of the atmosphere in crowded rooms and in coal mines, Mr. Parkes gave a description of a new substance in vented by himself, and called Parkesine. It may be used for the same purposes as gutta-percha, and experiments testing its capabilities for the insulation of electric telegraph wires are contemplated. A paper was given by Mr. F. G. Finch on the utilisation of the slag from blast furnaces. It is thought that this, which is at present waste, may be material used for pavements. There was a very large meeting in the Friends' School- room, where several interesting papers on various branches of mechanical science were to be read. Mr. Henry Besse mer gave an elaborate and complete history cf the Bessemer process of manufacturing steel. This consists in the burn ing away from molton iron those impurities with which it is invariably impregnated ; and the work is accomplished by the forcing of air into vessels of a peculiar description, into which the molten iron has been drawn from the fur naces. Several specimens of the steel were displayed for the purpose of showing tho improvements that had been made since the process was first discussed at the Chelten ham meeting, and also to show the permanency of the metal under exposure to atmospheric influences and the wear and tear of use. A long and well-sustained discussion, chiefly by practical ironmasters, followed ; and it was recommended that the paper be printed in extenso in the transactions of the association. Dr. Fairbairn, in a paper on submarine cables sug gested that the attempt to grapple for the Atlantic cable should be made about five miles from where the end was lost. His opinion was, however, that the attempt would not be successful. Three series of experiments that had been made upon cables with regard to rermeability, ab sorption, and insulation, had left on his mind the impres sion that the question as to which were the best materials for their construction had not yet been solved. Papers on kindred subjects were contributed by Mr. Siemens, Mr. Hooper, and Mr. Holmes. Although political discussions are contrary to the avowed objects of the association, the facts contributed to eco nomic science and statistics necessarily border on the forbidden ground. The piece de resistance in that section this morning was a paper by Professor Leone Levi, giving statistical data in relation to the representation of the people. At the last census the population of England and Wales was 20,066,259, of whom 9,776,259 were males and 10,289,965 females. Excluding the gentler sex as not competent to vote, and all males under age and all imbe ciles there were about £5,000,000 left. Of 100 men married in 1861 only 75 wrote their names. Here, therefore, were 1,250,000 men who did not come up to the lowest standard of intelligence. in 1864 there were 69,000 persons appre hended by the police; there were 900,000 paupers, 40,000 civil servants, 100,000 men in the army and navy, and 100,000 domestic servants. Making these deductions under the most liberal electoral law, there would be less than 3,000,000 voters. According to the census, there were 3,739,505 houses inhabited, at an average rental of £l5 ss. Of these 3,219,514 houses were rented at under £2O, giving an average of £l9 ss. ; subdividing these, there were 459,693 from £l5 to £2O ; 822,149 from £lO to £l5 ; 1,277,956 from £6 to £lO ; and 659,724 from £3 to £5. The reduction of the franchise to £6 in boroughs and £lO in counties, with a certain lateral extension to lodgers and professional men, would add 1,000,000 to the suffrage, making, with the million now on the register, 2,000,000. Professor Levi was in favour of such extension, accompa nied with the provision that every voter should be able to record his vote in writing. In the discussion which followed a desire was evinced for official inquiry into the subject. Interesting reports on the progress of local industries, and especially on the effect of schools of art, as shown in the manufacture of toys, were brought before this section. _ _ The geologists had a remarkably successful day, their meeting in the lending library being one of the best of the eight divisions of the association. Mr.W. M. Williams, in an interesting paper on vegetable deposits in the Achenseo, North America, gave his opinion that coal was not in all cases formed in the manner now generally credited. He believed that, in some cases, trees and vegetable matter were transported from the land by great rivers and estuaries. Sir R. Murchison concurred, and had no doubt that the snags now brought down the Mississippi were deposited in the bed of tho ocean, and were forming incipient beds of coal, Sir Charles Lyell believed that there were exceptional cases of this kind, but he was of opinion that all, or nearly all, of the ancient coal fields were formed according to the generalisation first brought beforo English geologists by Sir Wm. Logan. A report was presented by a committee of the association who had been appointed to explore Kent's Cavern, near Torquay. This cave has been known from time immemorial, but it did not attract the attention of scientific inquirers until 1824. Some remains were then found ; and, quite recently, the British Association ap pointed this Committee to make a complete exploration of the place. They found in the earliest strata objects of human art, and along with them were the bones of the mammoth, the cave bear, and other extinct animals. They had no doubt that upon further examination they would discover more valuable relics. The subjects discussed by the zoologists and botanists were chiefly remarkable for the hardness of their names. The homologies of the lower jaw of the skull of the Ovipara slid the occurrence of Orcynus Alalonga all along the coast of Devon aro mild specimens of scientific nomenclature. Notes on the voracity of Chiasmodus were read by Dr. Dr. Carte. Chiasmodus was not an ancient Roman em peror, following the voracious practices of Vitellius and others of equally high-sounding names ; but he is a little fish six inches in length, living in four hundred fathoms of water, and his voracity evinces itself in his devouring fishes ten inches long. At least one of that length has been found in the singularly elastic confines of Chiasmo dus's stomach. A note appears at the end of the list of the papers for this section in to-day's journal, requesting the committee on zoological nomenclature to meet forthwith. Dr. Cobbold gave to the physiologists in sub-section D his opinion that beef and veal are more profitable sources of entozoa than pork is, though the latter is a source of entozoa. Geology and Ethnology did not assemble quite so large a meeting to-day as is usual with this section. In a con tribution by Mr. Baines, the Victoria Falls of the Zam besi were described in glowing colours. The breadth of the river is from 1,800 to 2,000 feet, and in the wet season one sheet of water falling over the edge is a quarter of a mile wide. The Falls are said to exceed in grandeur those of Niagara. Mr. Crawfurd, speak ing of the Occidental or Western negroes, expressed his well-known opinions on the inferiority of that portion of the African race. He pointed out that they had no literature, and rarely acquired the letters of other nations; but he admitted they were not so low in the human scale as the Hottentot or the Australian aborigine. Dr. Hunt, Mr. M. D. Conway, Mr. Carter Blake, and Mr. Reddie combated the views of Mr. Crawford, which they compared to those entertained with regard to astronomy before the discoveries of Copernicus. This evening a lecture will be delivered by Mr. Jukes on the Midland coal-fields, and on the morrow there will be excursions to various places in the district. DMUS PULCIIRIOR.—At the last examination for the Indian Civil Service there was, if a darkly-whis pered rumour be true, one candidate who was no other than the son of Calcraft the hangman. He was, moreover, a successful candidate, though, as ho had the prudence to assume another name, the fact is not generally known. It is a somewhat startling reflection that the son of the public executioner may one day be Governor-General of India. The father, we know, is fond of elevated situations, but we scarcely expected to sea the son rise ton height compared to which Haman's gallows were but a sign-post. —Correspondent of Western Morning News. IMPORTANT TO MARINERS.—Captain Cathorn, of the ship P. M. Miller, of Nova Scotia, who arrived at Fal mouth on the 6th inst., from Rangoon, for orders, reported to the agents for Lloyd's that, while crossing the Gulf of Mataban, he distinctly saw a rock of some dimensions, which he immediately laid down as in long. 93 40 E., and lat. 11 N. He further reported that, while this rock is mentioned correctly as to position in the Admiralty chart of the Indian Ocean (eastern sheet, from Cape Comorin to Australia), the book of directions not only omits it alto gether, but says "no existing dangers here"—an error which should be immediately corrected. Return of her Majesty to England. WINDSOR CASTLE, Sept. 8. The Queen, with their Royal Highnesses Princess Helena, Princess Louise, and Prince Leopold, at tended by the Ladies and Gentlemen in Waiting, left the Castle of Rosenau, near Coburg, at a quar ter before 10 o'clock on Tuesday evening, for the station at Oeslau, where a special train was ordered to convey the royal party. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Coburg and Prince Alfred dined with her Ma jesty before leaving, and the Duke and Prince Alfred accompanied her Majesty to the station. Shortly before eight o'clock on Wednesday morn ing the train arrived at a station in the Forest, near Darmstadt, where the Grand Duke of Hesse and their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse were in readiness to receive the Queen. Her Majesty and the royal family left the train and accompanied the Grand Duke and Prince and Princess Louis to Kranichstein, and the ladies and gentlemen proceeded to Darmstadt. In the afternoon the Queen, with Princess Helena and Princess Louise, drove into Darmstadt, to the Grand Duke's palace, and received a visit from the King of Prussia, who remained about half an hour at the palace. The Queen then drove to see Prince and Princess Louis's new palace in the town, and returned to Kranichstein. Her Majesty, the royal family, and suite left the station at Darmstadt in the evening at a quarter to nine o'clock by special train. At seven o'clock on Thursday morning the train arrived at Malines, where her Majesty's carriages were separated, and her Majesty, accompanied by Princess Helena and Princess Louise, and attended by the Duchess of Roxburghe, Lieut.-General Grey, and Dr. Jenner, went to Ostend to visit his Majesty King Leopold. Their Royal Highnesses Prince Leopold and Princess Beatrice, with the remainder of the ladies and gentlemen and suite, went to Antwerp and em barked in the royal yacht Victoria and Albert. The Queen (after visiting the King, whom her Majesty found in much improved health) left Os tend at a quarter past eleven, and arrived by rail way at Antwerp at 2 p.m., and at once went on board. The royal yacht very soon afterwards got under way and steamed down the Scheldt. After a fine passage her Majesty arrived off Greenhithe this morning at seven o'clock, and at a quarter past nine left the royal yacht, and having embarked in the Alberta, arrived at Woolwich at a quarter after ten. A special train from Woolwich Arsenal conveyed the Queen and royal family to Windsor Castle at 12.15 p.m. Her Majesty and the royal family are well, but much fatigued by the heat experienced on the journey. The Duchess of Wellington, Mistress of the Robes, will arrive to-day, in attendance on her Majesty. Her Highness Princess Anatole Bariatinsky, ac companied by her son, Prince Alexander and suite, has arrived at the Clarendon Hotel, from Germany. The Duchess of Roxburghe has arrived at the Clarendon Hotel. The Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland is ex pected to leave Stafford House, St. James's, on Monday next, for Trentham, Staffordshire, and her grace will after wards go on a visit to the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Gladstone, at Hawarden Castle. The Marquis and Marchioness Campana de Cor vine have arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Paris. The Earl and Countess Delawarr, accompanied by Sir Alexander and Lady Arabella Bannerman, have left Buckhurst Park to spend a few weeks at Eastbourne. The Earl and Countess Fitzwilliam will receive a distinguished party at Wentworth House, Yorkshire, dur ing the ensuing week, for the Doncaster Baces. _ . The Earl Granville returned to town early in the week from attendance on the Queen in Germany. The Earl of Powis will receive a large family circle at Powis Castle, Welshpool, during next week, on the occasion of the marriage of Lady Lucy Herbert, his lordship's sister, with Mr. F. Calvert. _ _ _ The marriage of the Countess of Jersey and Mr. Charles Branding, of Middleton Hall, near Leeds, will taka place at an early date. Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston leave Cam bridge House this afternoon, cat their return to Brockett Hall, Herts. Viscountess Jocelyn and Hon. Miss Jocelyn have, since they left Lord and Lady Dufferin's seat in the north of Ireland, been visiting the Marquis of Aborcorn and Ladies Hamilton at Baron's Court. The marriage of Lady Louisa Cavendish, onlY daughter of the Duke of Devonshire, with Captain the Hon. Francis Egerton, son of the first Earl of Ellesmere, fel fixed to take place on the 26th inst., at Holkar Hall, the Duke of Devonshire's seat, near llilnthorpe. The Right Hon. Sir Charles Wood, M.P., and Lady Mary Wood have arrived at their house in Belgrave square, from spending a few weeks at Homburg. Mr. W. H. Gladstone, M.P., left town yesterday to join the Chancellor of the Exchequer 'and Mrs. Glad stone at Hawarden Castle, Flintshire. RARE MUSICAL WORKS.—The musical library of the late Rev. Edward Orlebar Smith, Rector of Holcott, Bedfordshire, was sold by auction at Mr. South gate's Rooms, Fleet-street, on the 31st ult. The extent of the collection, and the fact that it included a set of Handel'a Works in forty volumes, drew together the principal musical booksellers, in addition to the ordinary attendants at the book auctions. The Handel set fetched £7 lOs ; it was purchased by Mr. Laycock of Oxford. Purcell'a " Orpheus Britannicus" was sold for 12s. Master Mace's " Musick's Monument," and Morley's " Introduction to Music," were knocked down at 15s. and £1 ss. Playford'S interesting old book on harmony and composition, together with Holder's " Treatise on Harmony," dated 1731 (which was, we believe, the second work on the subject published in London, the first being Matthew Lock's " Melothesia ") r and six or seven other old works on music, fetched 9s. onli• Burney's " History of Music," in four volumes, and in eaP i " tal condition, went for £3 3s ; while Hawkins' was run 11 ? to £4. The remainder of the library comprised a collection of old English operas by Dr. Arne, &c. ; Marcello's psaltna:, £2 4s. ; Busby's "Biographical Dictionary of Musicians , and a large number of Italian works. Two volumes of old songs, with engraved headpieces, entitled " Clio a nd Euterpe," only fetched 4s. 6d.—Musical Standard. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND.--T' 6 Tablet says :—" A rumour is in circulation to th e effect that the bishops at their recent meeting named the four archbishops as a deputation to communicate with the Government ; that the Archbishop of Tuam declined act ; that the Primate and the Archbishops of Dublin and Cashel, accepting the deputation, arrived in Dublin and had an interview with Sir George Grey last week ; 02, that it was arranged, in consideration of an endowment o f £25,000 a-year, that the Catholic University should re; nounce its original establishment and designation as 0 university under the Papal Bull and the decrees of t li t Synod of Thurles, and should accept from the G over noteo ; letters patent constituting it a Queen's college inst.:' ci 0 that the archbishops wished to have it called the Catholi University College, Queen's University, but that the 01).: vernment objected to any reference being made to its 01 1 i ginal foundation, and especially to coupling the titles ~ the two antagonistic institutions in any way togetlf e i that it was accordingly arranged that it should be °'t the Queen's College, Dublin ; in fine, that the Governra.e ors agree to add five Catholic gentlemen of their own sel ectl • to the Senate of the Queen's University, an d that t o ° , names are—Lord Castlerosse, M.P., Mr. Justice O'llaglio Mr. Monsell, Mr. 3lontesquieu Bellew, and Sir tro Howley." THE ARCHBISHOP OF WESTMINSTER.—On 1 !. °11 :. day next, the 11th inst., Archbishop 31anning leaves J-4°.,,e don. for Rome. Hi s G race , it is understood, will r ecel e o the pallium in the Solemn Consistory which is to be b e , by the Holy Fath er next month, and will return to P' land by the end of October. A SAVAGE.—A man named George Golding IV!, charged at Manchester on Wednesday with biting °ll woman's under lip. The prosecutrix, Mary Morrio 4o ', she was a lodging-house keeper, living in Bootle-53.-etie and the prisoner was her son-in-law. A few days ile„r was beating his wife, and on the woman Morrison i9'.;3; faring he made a savage attack upon her, and after Pi t al her against the wall he bit off her under lip. This 17.°:0- is now an out-patient at the Infirmary. Mr. Fowler : fo il tenced the savage to three months' i m p risonment with Pd, labour. On leaving the dock the p risoner exclahne When I come back I'll eat her." pr ig, THE BLAKELY ORDNANCE. —The Count de —re the Duke de Montpensier, and the Duko de ' C ll , l , ft ie i visited the Blakely ordna nce works on Thursday. 40.• we re received by Captain Blakel y , and ins p ected the tory. Two 600-pounder guns and a new form of I gee loading cannon attracted particular notice. , • - (Stitt 1 ,"" Tit ",,,