The Sun. — London, England, 1848-08-14 00:00:00

allowed to enter the company's service to supply the place of porters put upon the trains, in accordance with Captain finish's circular, and also to inquire of Mr. Glyn, the chairman of the company, whether there is or is not any truth in the statement made at the meetings of the enginemen relative to accidents and delays on the line tluring the past week."—(llear, hear.) ROBERT HODGEINSON, engine driver, seconded the re solution, which was also put and carried nem. con, The meetineseparated at a late hour. EASTERN COUNTIES HALF-YEARLY ACCOUNT.— The report of the directors, to be presented to the next half-yearly meeting, has been completed, and the follow in gis a brief notice of its contents:—The Consolidated 20/. Stock is entitled to a dividend for the six months ending the 4th of July last of Bs. per share. The B Quarters of the York Exte nsion shares will receive their first dividend. The report upon the state of the line, the company's stock, &c., is satisfactory. The Maid= and Braintree Railway will open for goods traffic on the 15th instant, and for passengers on the Ist of September. The Enfield line will be opened also during the autumn. The use of the Peterborough station will be allowed, in pursuance of favourable arrangements made to the Great Northern Company, who will have a portion of their line ready for traffic by the end of September, and through rates can be paid there for goods. In the statement made up to the 4th of July, the receipts on construction account are shown to be 7,944,8171, and the disburse ments 7,944,8171. The revenue account for the half year ending July 4 shows a total of 342,274/. from the traffic receipts, rents, &c., and the balance, after defray. ing all charges, and the interest on the Extension Stock 1 and 2, and to the Northern and Eastern Rail way, is 118,892/. I Is. 9d. available for the h a lf- y ear's dividend, due .July 4, 1848. EASTERN COUNTIES (MALDON, WITHAM, AND BRAINTRED BRANCH).—On Saturday the Government Inspector went over this line, for the purpose of in specting it, prior to giving his certificate for the open ing, which is fixed to take place on Tuesday (to -mor row), for goods, traffic, and for passengers, on the following week. Now ready, price 155., Tho SUPPLEMENT to BURKE ' S HISTORY OF THE LANDED GENTRY OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND, Containing the History and Genealogy of 500 additional Fa milies, with references to upwards of 10,000 Persons connected with them by marriage or descent ; besides New Particulars respect in ; the families comprised in the first two volumes. Henry Colburn, publisher, 13, Great ➢farlborough-street. MR: BENTLEY HAS JUST PUBLISHED, In 3 vols. post SYO.. SADNESS AND GLADNESS, A STORY OF TIIE PRESENT DAY. By the Hon. ADELA SIDNEY. Author of "Home and its Influence." Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. l IER MAJESTY'S THEA TRE. Mdlle. JENNY LIND. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers to the Opera, and the tublic are respectfully informed that TWO GRAND EXTRA NIGHTS will take place on THURSDAY and SATURDAY EVENINGS, August 16 and 19, when Madile. JENNY LIND will appear in one of her fa vourite characters each evening. With various novelties in tie Ballet Department, combining the talents of Mdlle. Carlotta Grisl, Mdlle. Carollna Rosati, Mdlle. M. Taglioni, Jidlle. Cerito, &c. Applications for Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets, to be made at the Box-office of the Theatre. • HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. Mdlle. JENNY LIND. By Special Desire. The Nobility, Patrons to the Opera, and the Publie are respectfully informed, that a Grand EXTRA NIGHT will take place TO MORROW EVENING, Aug. 13, when Mdlle. JENNY LIND will appear as RLVIRA, in Bo Opera of I PURITANI. Eivire, Millie. Jenny Lind ; Riccardo, Signor Collett! ; Arturo, Signor Gardoni ; Giorgio, Signor Lablache. To conclude with Selections from the admired Ballet of ONDINE, by Mdllo. Cerito, lldlle. Petit, and Mdlle. C. Rosati ; M. Dor, M. Perrot, and M. St. Leon. The Frle List is suspended, the public Press excepted. Pit Tickets may be obtained as usual at the Box-office of the Theatre, price Ws. Gd. each, where applications for Boxes, Pit Stalls, and Tickets are to be made. Doors open at half-past Seven, and commence at Eight o'cloek. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. 1.7a , 1ar the Manatement of Mr. Webster, sole Lessee. THIS EVENING, Will be presented th• celebrated Drama, entitled THE GREEN ; or, A Hundred Years Ago. Murtogh, Mr. 0. Smith ; Dennis, Mr. Cullenford ; Jack Gong, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Grinnidge, Mr. Wright ; Captain Dartois, Mr. Worrell ; Madame St. Aubert, Madame Celeste ; Geraldine, Mrs. Yates; .Nelly O'Neil, Miss Wool gar After which the Burlesque .f NORMA. Norma, Mr. P. Bedford; Adelgisa, Mr. Wright ; Pollio, Miss Woolgar. Tv wclads with DID YOU EVER SEND TOUR WIFE TO CAMBStWELL. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Under the direction of Mr. Kerschner. Positively the Last Week of Mrs. FITZWILLIAM and Mr. BUCK STONE, as they have to appear la Manchester on Monday next. THIS EVENING Will be performed TIIE FLOWERS OF THE FOREST, in which Mra. Fitzwililam and Mr. Buckstone will perform. After which, a Combo Draiim, called SNAPPING TURTLES, in which Mrs. Fitzwilliam and Mr. Buckstone will perform. T• conclude v,ith THE ROVER'S BRIDE. Manager ant Treasurer, Mr. B. S. Falrbrother. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Fitzball's new and completely successful Spectacle. Unparalleled Equestrian Feats. THIS EVENING, Will be performed, the new brilliant Spectacle, founded en Sir Walter Scott's celebrated poetical Romance, and entitled MAR MION ; or, The Battle of Floddon Field. To he followed by the inimitable EQUESTRIAN and GYMNAS TIC EXERCISES in the ARENA. To conclude with a Grand Pageant, entitled LADY GODIVA AND I'EEI'ING TONI OF COVENTRY; •r, Clearing the T•ll. Box-office open from Eleven till Five. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. Attraction unprecedented. Positively the Last Week of M. JULLIEN'S Engagement. Continuation of MISS SARA FLOWER and MISS HUDDART. New Waltz, by Prince METTERNICH. The DAYLIGHT VIEW of ROME, by Dawson. Superb and Unique MENAGIRIE. Grand Display of FIREWORKS, by the Messrs. gouthby. No Extra Charge. MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, and FRIDAY. View of Rome —Promenade Concerts, Vocal and Instrumental, conducted by Mons. JULLIEN, whose splendid Band of Solo Per formers includes Messrs. Baker, Barrett, Bauman, George and Viotti Collins, Cleft% Collinct, Keenig, Lazarus, Richardson, Sonnenberg, &c.—Two Solos each Evening. —Several favourite Songs by Miss Sara Flower and Miss Haddart during the Evening.—Also to be seen, during the day, the beautiful Menagerie—Shakspere's House—The Magic Bridge—and other novelties will be exhibited, the whole concluding with a most magnificent and not to be rivalled display of Fireworks, Isy the Messrs. Southby, representing the Glrandola daring the Holy Week at Rome. Gates ope• at Ten a.m., Feeding Time Five—Jullien's Concert at Six—Fireworks at Nine. Aelpession, as usual, One Shilling. THE WEATHER.—SUN 071 ICE, AUGUST 13. • THERXOXISTEX, Lowest, 56; Highest, 67 ; Noon, 63, BAROMETER, 30.06. WIND W.; cloudy. Evening, slight rain, which continued till past midnight. AUGUST 14. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 51; Highest, 62; Noon, 53. BAROMETER, 29.95. Wixp E. ; thick hazy weather, with heavy squally showers, and continuous rain since the morning. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE VHS DAY. bforning .• 23 min. after 1 !Evening .. 46 min. after 1 , Yr . - ay , fire . -14 m, 0 .1 m tning LONDON, MONDAY, - AUGUST 14, 18414 The first of the state prosecutions, that of Mr. KEVIN IZOD &DOHERTY, one of the proprietors of the Irish Tribune, a journal established since the conviction of Mr. JOHN MITCHEL, and the conse quent suppression of the United Irishman, has been brought to a conclusion. After a protracted trial, which lasted the greater portion of two days, and after having been locked up for nearly twenty hours, the jury were discharged by the presiding Judges (the LORD CHIEF Minos( and Baron PRN/UP rITHER), there being no possibility of their agree ing on the verdict they should return. In this particular case there were no complicated facts to be submitted to the consideration of the jury, there was no conflicting testimony, nor was there any necessity, for balancing the weight that should be attached to different witnesses, or of assigning the degree of credibility that should be attached to each. The evidence was of the simplest character, and no question of any difficulty could possibly arise thereon. The only witnesses produced were the officer of the Stamp-office, who :proved that the prisoner was one of the registered proprietors of the journal in which the objectionable articles were con tained, and the other, a constable of the detective police, who proved the purchase of the particular papers at the office of the Tribune. The prisoner was doubtless, to a certain extent at least, responsible for the tone and character of the articles that were inserted in his journal. In any civil pro ceedings there is no question that the defendant would have been held clearly liable for any damages that alight have been occasioned by the publications. There is, however, a material differenc e where the prosecution is a criminal one, more especially under a statute of so stringent and severe a character as the Treason Felony Act—a statute imposing the highest secondary punishment known to the law, the from banis hment of the party im p lic ated f ro m his home, his friends , h is family, m all that could make life desirable. In such a case some evidence should surely have been given to show that the prisoner had sanctioned and approved of the inculpated articles previously to their admis sion into his paper. We should have supposed that such evidence could easily have been given, if such were really the fact. The police had taken possession of the office of the Tribune, including all the manu scripts of the different articles that had appeared. If any of these manuscripts were in the band- THE SUN, LONDON, _ MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 14, 11318 writing of the prisoner, that fact might easily have been proved. If he had uttered speeches I in which the same sentiments were put forward, although clothed in different language, some evi dence might have been adduced which would have l e d the jury to the conclusion that he was guilty of one or both of the intents charged in the indictment. But there was nothing of the kind; it was perfectly consistent with the evidence that the defendant might have been wholly ignorant of the contents of these articles, that he might never have seen or heard of them before he was arrested for their publi cation. The eminent counsel who conducted the case was not slow to avail himself of the deficiency of the evi dence against his client, and to the judicious and skilful line of argument adopted by him the result may, in a great degree, be ascribed and not, we hope and trust, to any pre meditated determination, on the part of any of those sworn, " a true verdict to return, according to the evidence," to shelter the prisoner from the con sequences of his offence, if it should be clearly and unequivocally brought home to him. The case for the defence was also materially strengthened by the fact, that the prisoner had served notices upon the Crown prosecutor, requiring the production of the original manuscripts, that had been taken possession of, which demand was not complied with. If the manuscripts had been produced in court, the defendant might have shown that they were wholly in the handwriting of his coadjutor, who was also in custody, to stand his trial for the same offence, at the same sittings of the Court. These circumstances, so ably commented upon, were surely sufficient to justify a doubt as to the intentions of the prisoners and to render the disagreement of the jury pos sible to be accounted for on other grounds, beside a previous determination by some of the jurors to ob tain an acquittal per fits aut nefas. When Messrs. O'BRIEN and MEAGHER were tried some time since, the authorship of the inculpated articles were at once admitted by the prisoners ; the only question, therefore, was the obvious intent and meaning of these writings. Upon this no reasonable doubt could have been entertained by any sane man, Those, therefore, who refused to join in the verdict of the majority must have been actuated by the most improper motive—a determination to prevent justice from reaching undoubted offenders. How happy would it now have been for these unfortunate men had the juries in the former cases been unanimous, and every one influenced by the same conscientious motives as the majority. They would, most proba bly, now have been prisoners, but they might have looked forward to the period when their incarceration would terminate and they would be restored to their friends, their offences against the law being expiated by the salutary punishment they had undergone. Their imprisonment would have rendered it impossible that they could have been guilty of the more aggravated crimes with which they are now charged, and for which they are lying fettered prisoners, the most sanguine hope of their friends being, that their forfeit lives may be spared, and that the clemency of the Crown may substitute a sentence of perpetual banish ment for the death that might most justly be inflicted. The course that will be pursued by the law officers in consequence of the discharge of the jury without a verdict, is not yet known. We do not, for the reasons we have above set forth, regard the recent case as evidence of a determination not to convict when suf ficient grounds are laid before a jury. We there fore trust that the other cases may be proceeded with, and if the missing link in the chain of evidence can be supplied, there is no reason why Mr. O'DonEnTr should not be again placed upon his trial even daring the present Commission. It is curious and interesting to compare the different deliberations of the English House of Com mons and the National Assembly of France ; and as if to facilitate and render such a comparison more interesting, the two Houses of Legislature are just now occupied with very similar subjects. True, the object of one House is to reform old institutions, mid of the other to create those institutions anew ; still, practically, the tendency of their deliberations is the same, and the subject-matter of these deliberations is occasionally very similar. Two very important matters just now occupy the attention of Committees of both Parliaments. In France one of the most im portant subjects now under consideration is the re gulation of the Press, and in England the election of Parliamentary representatives. These two subjects have a closer affinity than may at first sight appear. Both, practically, affect, if not liberty of conscience, at least the free expression of opinion. It is surely not necessary at this time of day, and especially in this country, to dilate upon the national advantages attending upon an unfettered press. In this country freedom of the press is not looked upon as an advan tage, but as a necessity. In France, by a strange contradiction, the press occupies a position at once more honourable and less honourable than in Eng land. "England is a country governed by its journals, where the name of its journalists are never known," said the Honourable Member for Canterbury, when speaking at the Manchester Athe naeum. In France the journalists fill a more promi nent place—their names are known and honoured, yet the journal in which their opinions are expressed, and from which their celebrity is derived, are far from enjoying that freedom and immunity which is the es pecial privilege of their English contemporaries. The French journals are any day liable to be " seized," a ceremony of the effect of which we are practically in blissful ignorance. In England, if a provincial reader does not receive, as usual, his London paper, he at once blames the neglect of his news-agent— he never dreams of supposing the Government have " stopped " the paper l In France such a supposition is quite natural, and a matter of course. Therefore it is we say that if the position of the journalist be considered more honourable in France than in England, then the position of the journal is infinitely less so. Whether or not the system of " seizing" newspapers is to be continued under the new regime remains to be seen. A Com mittee of the Chamber of Deputies are now busied with framing laws for the regulation of the press, but to our thinking they are giving themselves un necessary trouble—the fewer; regulations made upon that subject the better. They cannot allow too much liberty to the public journals ; in this, as in all cases, half-measures are most pernicious—there is no such thing as half-liberty, it is as impossible in existence as half-life. If the press be intended to be a true exponent of public opinion it must be allowed to follow every shifting current. The compass cannot point truly when in leading-strings. From the recent discussions of the French Assembly, more especially from their resolution to demand from every journal so much " caution-money," we are inclined to fear that the Republicans of France do not suf ficiently recognize the vital necessity that a free nation should have a free press. It must, however, be remembered, by way of extenuation, that the circumstances of the State render many measures temporarily expedient which would not be tolerated as permanences, and among these must be any restrictions which the Assembly may at the pre sent moment deem it necessary to place upon the freedom of the true representatives of the people. While our continental neighbours have been de bating about the condition of the press, the English House of Commons has been deliberating about Parliamentary elections, and both these subjects, as we have said, have reference to the free expression of popular opinion. In both cases the subjects at issue are similar, if not the same—namely, are the people to be allowed a free utterance of their opinions, either by the voices of their journals or by their individual decisions in the polling-booth'? The question as regards the journals is not yet actually settled in France, and as regards the electors it is not actually settled in England—not actually settled, and yet virtually decided—for while the investigation of the corrupt elections is yet pending, the House of Com mons has decided in favour of a measure calculated to put an end to such " corrupt practices." Many preliminary steps have, however, to be taken before the ballot will be the law of the land, and in the meantime the Bill referring to the corrupt prac tices at elections is passing through Committee. The debate upon this subject on Thursday evening was peculiarly animated ' and peculiarly amusing, al though not, perhaps, generally speaking, very credit able to the character of the House. The greater part of the speakers seemed to be inhabitants of " glass 1 _ ~ .. houses," but magnanimously scorning the reasonable advice of the old adage, they seemed to take a peculiar pleasure in " throwing stones"—per sonality was the order of the day, per sonality of every imaginable quality, the witty, the refined, the humorous, and the impertinent. Yet the insignificant discussion of Thursday, and the most significant decision of Tuesday, are, taken to gether, very satisfactory. They assure us, and in no unmistakeable way, that another Parliament will not be summoned together by "corrupt practices." Be fore another session has passed by, a free expression of their opinions will be guaranteed to the people of England when called upon to choose a representative —an expression of opinion unrestricted by the inter ference of any seignorial censor, in the same way as a similar freedom of expression must ere long be as sured to the press of France. From an official announcement it seems that there are at present in the 11th arrondissement of Paris ; 3,000 unemployed operatives, and that in the 12th arrondissement, 12,000 are subsisting upon the food provided by the municipal authorities. On Thursday, the Neapolitan Minister had an in terview with M. BASTIDE, to demand the intention of the French Government with respect to Sicily. M. BASTIDE replied that the Government did not intend that Sicily should become another Portugal for the benefit of England. Being further asked what diplo matic course France would follow, in the event of the re-conquest of Sicily by Naples, or of the inter vention of England, M. BASTIDE declined to answer. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, AEG. 12. Boulogne and Amiens, 6 4 —Namur and Liege, 4 1 ,‘ Northern of France, s%—Orleans land Bourdeaux, 1 3 4 Sambre and Meuse, 2%. they oppose its commands. Only in this way will the Imperial power be able to carry into effect the will of the nation, to restore a free and united Germany, sup posing, of course, that such is really its will ; only in this way will it obtain the requisite power for the re introduction of order, the restoration of tranquillity (and at the same time of progress) at home ; only in this way will it succeed in the satisfactory solution of th ise social questions, which neither the eloquence of oratory nor the thunders of artillery are henceforth in a position to dispose of in perpetuity. Thus, finally, would Ger many be able to assume an attitude with regard to foreign countries which would command their respect, without, as hitherto, irritating them by means of emptj , menaces. Any other course which the new Imperial power might pursue must either lead to a weak and dis • united Germany (because the seeds of discord were again deposited in the soil), or gradually bring back Germany to the old confederation of states. It would really be unworthy of a great cation and its represen tatives to deceive itself—to say one thing to will another. Choose, therefore! (Enttveder oder!) "(Signed) F. CARL, PRINCE OF LEININGEN. "Frankfort-on-the-Maine, July 1848." We have given this remarkable proclamation, or rather manifesto, from the pen of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Germanic Confederation, be cause of the importance of the manifesto itself as a fact, and also from the peculiar position of the Prince- Statesman from whom it has emanated—the repre sentative of a triumphant revolution, and the half brother of her Britannic Majesty Queen VICTORIA. In the National Constituent Assembly it was officially declared on the 10th inst. that the Central Ministry was composed as follows :—Prince gen, President of the Council ; Von Schmerling, Minister of the Interior, with Bassennann and Von Kurth, as Under-Secretaries of State ; Hecksher, Minister of Foreign Affairs, with MM. Von Gagern and Briegleb as Under-Secretaries; Duckwitz, Minister of Commerce, with Merissen and Fallati as Under-Secretaries; Beckereth, Minister of Finance, with ➢Batty Under-Secretary; and R. Von Mohl, Minister of Justice, with Wedenmann as Under- Secretary. The war in Lombardy is regarded by the majority of the Assembly as a strictly national war, and not as one merely involving the reputation of Austria. One battalion of the line set out for Schleswig- Holstein on the 9th, and met with a most solemn and cordial welcome at Coblentz. The German flag and colours were waving over all the houses on the quay of Ehrenbretstein, and the steamer which conveyed the troops was saluted by the guns of the fortress. The battalion will be joined at Biebrich by a detatchment of troops from Nassau. The troops will arrive at Minden to-day, and to-morrow at Hamburgh. The number of German troops which are to march to SchleswigftHolstein is estimated at 42,000. The Danes are seriously impeding the German commerce by their seizure of vessels. A letter from Frankfort, of the 9th, says—" I have learnt from good authority that the Central Provisional Powers granted to the Prussian Govern ment full powers for concluding the armistice with Denmark, and has, at the same time, authorised it to open a negotiation for the definite condition of peace." On the other hand, the German journals state that M. lIRCKSCHBR 7 Miniker of the Empire, has set out for Schleswig, in the quality of the Plenipotentiary of the Central Powers, to be on the spot in case any new propositions should be made.---L'Emancipation, August 13. " We learn by a private letter, that the Archduke John, acting as Vicar of the Empire and Generalissimo of the Imperial Army, has issued orders to the general commanding the German troops on the frontier of Schleswig, not to resume hostilities against Denmark. The Archduke, before recommencing, hostilities, has dq terrnined to wait for the answer to le overtures he has made to the Cabinet of Copenhagen. It remains to be known, and doubts on the subject are entertained at Frankfort, whether the Danish Government will e.c knovrlecige the Executive power of the Archduke, and is willing to enter into negotiations with his envoy." The total number of troops who are to reinforce the Schleswig Holstein army is stated to be 32,900 men infantry, 220 pioneers, 3,900 horses, and 88 pieces of artillery. Austria, Bavaria, and Wurtein burg will each furnish a division general, and Nas sau and Saxony a brigade general. lIADERSLEBAN, AUG. B.—This afternoon our gar• rison was called upon to act. About four o'clock the intelligence arrived by express that the Danish volun teers had attacked the German cuirassitres, who had been quartered in an isolated spot, almost entirely surrounded by woods, near Stepping, in the neigh bourhood of Christiansfeld. About noon the enemy surrounded the spot, and took 12 cuirassiers pri soners, and some were killed. An officer cut his way through most gallantly. The surprile is, no doubt, owing to treachery. According to a state ment of an eye-witness, the cuirassiers were made prisoners by a strong revolutionary party. Yester day several' persons arrived here from Nustrass, and were transported to Rendsburgh. Oli, Jacobson, and Sjolland are also under arrest. General BowiN is gone to the north, and a division of the Emperor FRANCIS'S regiment and artillery is stationed at the south side of the city. RENDSBURG, AItG. 10.—The Ist battalion of the Schleswig-holstein army arrived here to-day at noon. They were met at the gates by a numerous deputa tion of burghers, and in several parts the houses were crowned with wreaths of flowers. ALTONA, AUG. 11.—A deputation of Rendsburg burghers to the Provisional Government have been informed that the Government does not intend to transfer its seat from Rendsburgh to Kid. The arrival of troops from all quarters continues to increase, and more are daily expected, and all the various ports have been filled up by the troops as signed to them.—liamburgh Borsenhalle. GERMANY AND THE NORTHERN STATES. FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAINE. MANIFESTO OF THE PRINCE OF LEI• NINGEN. The Prince VON LEININGEN, the newly-appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs under the lteichsverweser of the German _Empire, has issued the following manifesto : " Every nation has an indispensable right, under cer tain circumstances, of undertaking reforms in its inter nal affairs, even by forcible means; that is to say, through the medium of revolution. " It is not the object of these lines to discues what was—first, the foundation of civil and religious liberty, and, those circumstances are, or when the moment arrives, in which a nation ought to have recourse to such a right; or whether those circumstances occurred, and whether that moment was arrived for Germany, when a short time since she thought proper to exercise that right. Tho fact that such an event has actually happened is amply suffi cient for the purpose. The object of the German revo lution secondly, the restoration of one united Germany (Eineinige Deutschland). After the great majority of the nation had in the most unequivocal manner an nounced this its will by a total or partial overthrow of the existing order of things, it was, and necessarily must be, the grand object to regulate and establish on a firm basis that which was attained (des errungene), and, so far as it was exclusively ideal or theoretical, to carry it into practical effect. Thus, as the revolution was an outburst of the collective will of the nation, so, consequently, the latter must also exclusively re serve to itself the restoration of the new order of things. The nation, therefore, committed its full power to a National Assembly elected by itself. Inasmuch as the Governments of the individual states—that is to say, tho Princes with their States' Assemblies —al lowed the elections to this constituent Diet to take place in the hitherto recognized legal manner, they de facto recognized the revolution. "It was, then, the mission of the so elected Imperial Assembly to carry into effect the expression of the na tional will—that is to say, to establish freedom and unity on the basis of a new order of things. The somewhat impatiently expectant delegates at length beheld the ripening of the first fruits on the 28th of June. The Imperial Diet appointed, and (once more) undoubtedly with the greatest consistency in the exercise of its own plenary power, the Provisional Regent (Reichaverweser) with a central Government. The Germanic Confedera tion was dissolved, and resigned its powers into the hands of the Imperial authority. A great event, indeed. Not only was a German empire decreed in place of the hitherto existing confederation of states (staatenbund), but the German nation is hereby placed in a position to testify by facts whether it really desires true freedom, or whether it has suffered itself to be led by a small band of demagogues, in mournful imitation of the course pursued in a neighbouring state. "Furthermore, and most especially, the nation must also decide whether it will really have an united and powerful Germany (' ob sic wirklich ein einiges and mulch tiges Deutschland haben will '). It is of the utmost im portance that it should elucidate this question to its own satisfaction, and thereupon lay down its will. As there is only one kind of real liberty which rests on law and order, so there is but one sort of unity—an actual (thatsiielt liche) union of all the component parts of a whole, and that, too, in such a manner as to avert the possibility of auy dispute or contest between the whole and the parts. If any other course be pursued, not singleness or unity, but discord and separation, will be established. If the German nation, therefore, will have unity, it must not only will the means thereto, but also adopt the consequences thereof. There can be no more opposition of Bavarian, Prussian, Saxon, or any other interests to those of Germany—for the former must be absorbed in the latter. Jealousy between individual states, revilings of the northern by the southern parts of the empire, or vice versa, are, therefore, mischievous absurdities (frevelhafte absurditiiten). Opposition or disobedience to the Imperial authority or the National Assembly, however, is a crime against the majesty of the nation itself—a treason to the Fatherland—which must be speedily followed by condign punishment. Dynastic interests, so far as they refer to the Im perial power, cannot, if the nation wills unity, be taken into consideration, for the Princes are as much called upon to conform to that will as any other German. If, therefore, the nation would convert words into deeds it must admonish the Imperial power—that is to say, the National Assembly and the Central Government—to adopt with rapidity and decision, and without regard to collateral interests, all such measures as correspond with the object of restoring a free and united Germany, and moreover lend its own hearty support in aid of this work. The convocation of the plenipotentiaries of the individual Governments, if their objects were any other than in some degree to facilitate the conventional (geschafilichen) transition from the old to the new order of things, would be in the highest degree superfluous and even injurious. Aro they, perchance, to negotiate with the Imperial power? In that case the National Assembly must gulp its own decisions, and the power and influence of the Imperial Government would be stifled in their birth. If the nation, however, now that it is called upon to decide, is sensible that its Bavarian, or Hanoverian, or Prussian, or other reminiscences and sympathies, besides many collateral and co-existent interests, are too preponderant to be sacrificed to German unity—if the old spirit of discord and separa tion is still too powerfully at work—if the jealousy be tween race and race, between north and south, is still too strongly felt—well, then, let the nation convince itself of the fact, return to the old federal system, leave the individual states to constitute themselves, recall the General Constituent Assembly, and dismiss both Im perial Regent and Imperial Government. Such a Con federation in itself does not exclude the possibility of restoring, if not a free and united Germany, at all events a body of free German nations, commanding in their collective alliance the respect of foreign Powers. But bizeeasn inevitable cont es t f or t h e supreme Bove the individ ua l S tates, to sow di sun i one n to construct a new empire, and at the same time formally rtoeigorngty between an instead of unity, to create weakness instead of power, to establish an empire which would combine in itself all the defects of the old one in a far greater de gree ; because now, not only would Princes, as in former times, contest the authority of the Emperor and foment disputes amongst themselves, but State assemblies would clash with the Imperial Parliament, State assembles with other State assemblies, associations with other popular assemblies with other popular s with cl u b s , t h a t wou ld i n d e ed be an unheard - of result of a revolution which has been undertaken at the coat of great sacrifices and inconsi derable risks for t h e purpose of restoring a free and assemblies, a ssoci atio e n lu s b , united Germany. The nation must ponder on this ques tion the more s eriously, inasmuch as it might otherwise easily effect the most undesirable consummation of ren dering itself ridiculous for ever, as by trumpeting to the world German unity and German power, whereas in reality it would present a spectacle the very reverse. It is the duty of the nation to come to a clear and definite understanding respecting its will. The decision rests with the nation alone. As, however, every one in the present day, whether invited or uninvited, deems it his duty to express his opinions, the writer of these lines will hardly be refused permission to do the same. He entertains the conviction that the German nation must now advance on the beaten track in order to present an united and powerful Germany, in the most striking con trast to a disunited and weak federal state. Duty and honour demand, interest and prudence suggest, such a course. " To retrograde to a confederation of states (staaten bunde), or to establish a weak federal state (bundes stoat), by a powerfully impressed independence of the individual states, would only create a mournful period of transition to fresh catastrophes and new revolutions. Great ideas, such as have now gained possession of the German mind, although they may once more slumber for a time, will break out afresh, notwithstanding, with renewed force. The danger of harbouring in Germany revolutionary movements, or perchance civil war for a series of years, is far too great, not only to our own country, but to Europe--saay, to civilization itself—not to render imperative every effort to avert so dire a calamity. It is the serious duty of the Imperial power— that is to say, of tho Imperial Government and the National Assembly, supported by the national will — to devote itself with courage and decision to the fulfilment of this great mission. The Imperial power (reichsgewalt) must, so far as it may be necessary, ab sorb in itself (an sick ziehen) the sovereignty of the individual states; it must unremittingly undertake the thereto requisite organization of Germany.; it must, whilst establishing the organism of the Imperial Govern ment, reduce that of the individual states. A perfectly es tablished central state, in which, again, o ther perfectly established states, of larger or smaller size, were encased, would be virtually a monstrosity (sin ending), and at; the same time ao expensive that the nation would not tolerate it. Experience, too, would soon teach us that sovereignty is not divisible. The Imperial power must, above all, abolish, as speedily as Possible, the diplomatic intercourse of the individual states at home and abroad, and concentrate it in its own hands. This is a vital question. It will and must equally honour and equally represent the interests of every part of Germany. It must appropriate to itself the unconditional disposal of the national forces (streitt hriife), and take such measures respecting them as it may deem advisable. It must advance the custom linos (zollinie) to tbo frontiers of Germany. It must not allow the Governments or the Constituent State Assemblies dependent on it to occupy themselves with matters that appertain to the National Assembly alone. " If, however, obedience to the original power be Jo ' fused, punishment must follow with all speed. It must summon to its bar, and call to a strict account, all disobe dient Ministers, Generals, or other public functionaries. It must dissolve state assemblies and corps d'armes if AUSTRIA. Intelligence up to the 8:h has been received from Vienna. The Minister of Finance has announced that, in order to restore the equilibrium of the receipts ant expenditure of the empire, he must have recourse to either of the three following measures :-1. To issue paper money, bearing interest, and having a forced currency. 2. To issue a further quantity of bank notes, through the medium of the Bank ; or 3. To contract a national loan, upon tile security of the state and ecclesiastical property. The following is the answer of the Emperor of Austria to the deputation from the Constituent As sembly sent to Innspruck with the address requesting him to return to Vienna : "I am delighted at receiving the Deputies of the Con stituent Diet. Always anxious for the welfare of my states, I will accede with pleasure, under actual circum stances, to the wishes of the Diet, and will come amongst you. Notwithstanding the state of my health, which is not yet quite re-established,l will commence my journey beck to Vienna towards my faithful Austrians on the Bth, making the journey by .short stages, on account of my health. I receive with satisfaction the expression of the loyal sentiments of my subjects." The following official article appears in the Frank fort Oberpostamts Zeitung : " INNSPRUCK, AuG. 7.—Their Majesties the Emperor and the Empress, as well as the other members of the Imperial family at present residing here, will leave Inn spruck to-morrow (Tuesday), the Bth, on their teturn to Vienna. In consequence of the health of the Monarch being still somewhat affected, and attention and circumspection being requi site, his Majesty, with all his suite, will pass the first night in St. John's (St. Johann, a small post town about half-way between Innspruck and Salzburg); the second night in Salzburg; the third in Lambach ; and the fourth in Linz, so that he will ' reach Vienna by the steamboat on Saturday, the 12th, at noon. His Imperial MAJESTY intends to take up his residence in the Palace of Schoenbrunn. The EMPEROR had resolved to return before the depu ties of the constituent diet arrived, and had thereby anticipated the wishes which they were commissioned to express. PRUSSIA. News from Berlin up to the 10th has arrived. The assemblages of the people on the favourite Linden were as frequent as hitherto, in defiance of drum, trumpet and incarceration. The Prince and Princess of PRUSSIA have gone off on a temporary excursion to Weimar. According to the official report, the number of persons attacked with cholera symptoms since the 31st ult. has not exceeded sixteen. Of these, however, fourteen have died—an enormous proportion. Up to the present moment no great apprehensions are mani fested, and many of the medical men present are de claring the disease to be violent dysentery, and not Asiatic cholera. People are commencing to be more careful in their diet, and to indulge less in cucum bers, salads, and fruit, which are usually devoured in large juantities at this season. Fewer yards of white beer are also engulphed. Red wine, instead of white, is also recommended. In the hospitals cam phorated frictions and every effort to produce perspi ration is employed as soon as possible— ice in the mouth is also made use of. We give the following anecdote as amusing : " These are too serious times for occupying papers with German humour, but an anecdote so perfectly cha racteristic of German drollery is related of a patriot at Coblentz, that it merits repetition. Upon the night of the homage,' less mysterious, but equally fantastic as the famous Mahomedan' night of power,' Coblentz was illuminated. Among other houses, that of a united German butcher was conspicuous, and attracted crowds. This poetical slaughterer suspended an immense trans parent sausage inscribed Ct•ntral Power,' surmounted by thirty-eight lesser sausages, bearing the names of all the German reigning potentates, and underneath, in large illuminated letters, What the (great) sausage is among the sausages, the Archduke John is among the princes.' Whereupon an independent Prussian having exclaimed, ' Then he must be Hans Wars!' (Jack Pudding), he had nigh been pulled to pieces by the mob." The Commander-General of the sth Prussian Army Corps in Posen, M. BRUNNECK, issued an order on the Sth inst. that, as nothing had transpired for some time past which could lead to apprehensions for the disturbance of the peace of the grand duchy, the Landewehr Battalion might return home.—liant burgh Borsenhalle. HANOVER. A grand fete, in celebration of the German unity, frontto the of the a tae churches, nhna being a was held on the 6th, the Burgher Guard of Hanover andp theroceedi • luminated, as well as the principal residences in the city. The flanover Gazette publishes the followi ng or d er of the day issued to t he army : " Soldiers, — I have to announce to you that his Im gngran by d parade in companies Im perial Highness the Archduke John of Austria has been elected Vicar-General of the Empire, and that I have given my assent. The command of the German armies belongs to the Vicar-General, as it formerly belonged to the Germanic Diet. As soon as the defence of Ger many may require it, I shall order you to join the divi sions of the other states of Germany, under the com mand of the Vicar-General. The Hanoverians have in all times fought with devoted valour and fidelity for the country. They did so in the years of its danger -1793 and 1815. They have again done so this year. I hope you will ever call this to mind; and, full of con fidence in you, I am sure that under the command of the Vicar-General, you will maintain intact the ancient glory of the Hanoverians. " ERNEST AUGUSTUS." HUNGARY. An important sitting of the Second Chamber of the Diet took place on the 3d instant. That Assembly declared in favour of an intimate alliance with the central power of Germany established at Frankfort. At the same time it declared that should the Austrian Government, forgetting its real interests, Oppose any obstacles to the unity of Germany, it was not to reckon on any support from Hungary. In the same sitting the Diet indirectly rescinded the resolution it had passed, to send troops to reinforce the Austrian army in Italy. That resolution was based on the Pragmatic Sanction, which obliged Hungary to assist Austria in case of war ; but in this sitting the Diet declared this obligation did not exist. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. From the Assemblee Natioluzl of Paris we extract the following remarkable paragraph : RUSSIA. By an imperial ukase, of the 30th July, the levy of the recruits is to be extended to the eastern half of the empire, in the average of seven recruits to one thousand souls. The St. Petersburgh journal states that the recent events which have transpired in the Danubian pro vinces have obliged his Majesty the EMPEROR tempo rarily to send thither an army corps for the re establishment of order, in connexion with that sent by the Ottoman Porte. The motives and political considerations that have induced this step are fully stated by the Imperial Cabinet, in a dispatch dated July 31, accompanied by an order to make the same known to the foreign Government, and to the public of Europe in general. ITALY. ARMISTICE BETWEEN THE AUSTRIANS AND THE PIEDMONTESE. An armistice for forty-five days has been concluded between the Austrians and the Piedmontese. This intelligence reached Paris by telegraph on Saturday. . This cessation of hostilities will give time for the negotiations which England and France have entered into for a mediation. CHARLES ALBERT has been welcomed by the Piedmontese with an enthusiasm and joy scarcely justified by his disastrous retreat and precipitate ca pitulation. Nor has this enthusiasm been damped by the accounts received in Turin and the other cities of the Sardinian kingdom, of the cruelties inflicted by the German victors upon the unfortunate Milanese. Of those barbarities of the Austrians some concep tion may be formed from the circumstance that the beautiful faubourg of St. Gothard, forming the richest and most magnificent quarter of the capital, the in habitants of w hick had all fled, was delivered up to the ravage and pillage of the soldiery, and completely destroyed. The loss of property in that quarter was said to be fifty millions. The inhabitants who had remained in Milan are represented as standing pas sively by and witnessing the scene of desolation without either surprise or fright. Another account says, that the devastation by fire in the city of Milan and its environs are of terrible extent. The number of Austrians who entered on the 6th was 30,000, another numerous corps being encamped outside its walls. The national guard was dissolved and forbidden to appear ix uniform. The journals were suspended and all popular assemblages interdicted. Arms and ammunition were ordered to be surrenered. The Opini one, of Turin,' of the 9th, gives deplorable reports of the pillage and destruction of the most beautiful palaces in Milan, such as those of the Litta, Borroneo, and Greppi. After plunder ing these, they were set fire to, but happily they were extinguished before they were destroyed. These reports go on to say that the lowest of the populace ashamed of the excesses, brought back some of the precious objects to their owners. The Croats were robbing in all directions. They entered the shops in bands of from ten to twenty, seizing and carrying off whatever they wished, telling the owners that RA.. BETSET would pay them. Happily, these atrocities can only tend to the faci litation of the project for the permanent emancipation of Italy; but, unhappily, it may also result in,tremend -0113 vengeance towards the Austrians. It was said once by the Emperor NAPOLEON that whenever an army displays ferocity in its triumphs, that is a sure token that it was all but beaten. A private letter received from Turin, and dated from that city on the 7th inst., says, that " persons who have escaped from Milan arrive in crowds. They observe that RIDETZIT had accorded till eight o'clock on Saturday evening for the evacuation of the city by the Piedmontese troops, and the departure of the in habitants who might desire to leave. Milan refused the capitulation. The Milanese desired to make the KING annul it, and impose an impossible defence on him. But the KING did not treat with RADETZKT until after having ascertained that all pro rogation of the struggle would be fatal. Ile resisted the Milanese, and for a time became their prisoner. They desired to hold him as a host age. On his departure more than 60 muskets were fired at him. The people pillaged and burned his equipages. Three days before CHARLES ALBERT, on being pressed by a deputation not to compromise his life and hie army by proceeding to a post, which the defence of his own territory rendered imprudent, re plied—' Honour calls me—it is the only counsel I can listen to under these circumstances.' The KING is at this moment at Novare, and is expected this evening at Turin, where he will be received with re spect and affection. The monarchical sentiment never showed itself stronger here." The Risorgimenio of the Bth publishes the articles of the capitulation of Milan, as follows :—" 1. The town shall be respected. 2. So far as it depends from his Excellency the Marshal, he promises to have, as to the past, all the considerations that equity re quires. 3. The movement of the Sardinian army shall be effected in two days of march, as had already been agreed by the Generals. 5. In re turn the Marshal demands the military occupation of the Roman Gate, and the entrance and occupation of the town at noon. 6. The transport of the sick and wounded shall take place in the two days of march. 7. All these conditions are to receive the acceptation of his Sardinian Majesty. 8. His Ex cellency the Marshal demands the immediate libera tion of all the Austrian generals, officers and func tionaries that are in Milan.—Signed, August 5, by the Podesta of Milan, and by the chiefs of the staff of the two armies." It is said that General MAzarm still keeps the field near Monea to the north of Milan, with 15,000 men, and that Generals GRIFFINI and PERRON, at the head of 10,000 men, are isolated at Brescia, where they will probably be obliged to surrender as prisoners of war. The defeat of the Piedmontese army is probably the most rapid and the most complete of any recorded in history. Ten days ago CHARLES ALBERT was besieg ing Mantua and Verona—to-day he does not com mand a man in Lombardy. One account says that the armistice between Austria and Italy was effected by the intervention of the representatives of France and England at Turin ; another that it was brought about by an aide-de camp of General OUDINOT, sent expressly for the purpose. TUSCANY. Sir GEORGE HAMILTON, the British Minister, had had a conference with the Archduke, in the course of which his Excellency delivered an official note offer ing the mediation of England in th• event of an attack on Lombardy. Much agitation was visible in the streets of Florence on the 6th, especially on the receipts of the news that General WELDER had reached Bologna with 20,000 men. The Alba of Florence gives the following, under the date of the 6th, in the evening :—" A person who came from Bologna la,t evening communicates to us the following news :—Yesterday a notice was posted up of a meeting for eight o'clock in the morning to discuss the best means of defence against the Austrian invasion. The Fenerale was beaten, and the National Guard ran to arms. A large meeting took place, when various plans of defence were discussed. They then went en ?nesse to the palace of the Prolegat, shouting, 'To arms !' This continued nearly all the evening. The Legate then seat some dragoons, who dispersed the attroupentent, and he then issued a pro clamation stating that the most skilful military men not thinking a defence practicable, he desired the people to enrol themselves. A battalion of students, who had been at Castelfranco, arrived at Bologna, bringing with them some prisoners. SPAIN. Madrid papers of the 7th have arrived. The Madrid Gazette publishes the names of 132 Carlist officers who, after accepting the amnesty and swearing fidelity to the QUEEN, had joined the in surgent bands, the object of the publication being to brand them with infamy. It is not true, it appears, that one of the regiments at La Granja had had to be removed on account of want of discipline ; but it is stated that great discontent 'existed among the men, owing to the irregularity with which they are paid. The examination into the accounts of the Bank of San Fernando had, it was said, led to the discovery of several gross irregularities. It continues to be believed that M. MoN would accept the Ministry of Finance, though it was stated that he was reluctant to do so. Three per Cents., 19i ; Five per Cents., 11. Ex change on London, 45 paper. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. We have received the Paris journals of Saturday and yesterday. The problematical position of Lombardy almost entirely engrosses their attention, and from some of the more remarkable and influential papers we shall make extracts having reference to the Italian policy of the Republican Government. Foremost, of course, as a kind of official manifesto, is the following declaration of the views entertained by General CA.V.AIGNAC and his Ministerial colleagues in regard to the momentous question of intervention. It is from the columns of the 2lioniteur, and from its extraordinary interest at the present moment is transferred to:our columns in extenso : " At no period of our history has the Government of France been charged with a greater responsibility than that which weighs on the Administration presided over by General Cavaignac. The destinies of France, and, according to the avowal of the whole of Europe, those of the civilised world, are, so to speak, in his hands. It is true, particularly:at this time, when the denouement of the affairs of Italy has just created for us a new state of things which the Government was the first to foresee, and which it would perhaps have succeeded in pre venting if Italy herself had been less confident in her own strength. In presence of such grave events, in presence of the general interest which the cause of Italy inspires in France, before entering ou a path which may end in peace or war, perhaps in an European war, the Government is bound to take account of what is demanded by the traditional necessities of our policy, and the present situation of the Republic. It comprehends that, at a time when the development and the safety of commercial relations are become the condition of prosperity and the influence of nations, it is important not to lose sight of manufacturing interests. Penetrated with the necessity of re-establishing public credit which begins to acquire fresh strength ; persuaded at the same time that France, from no consideration, can ever compromise the laws of honour, the Government endeavours to reconcile what it owes to the dignity of the French name with the legitimate demands of private interests. In a word, to accept war if our honour de mends it ; to accept it, not in the name of a Sovereign too often directed by preoccupations foreign to the wishes and to the wants of the country, but in the name of the country itself ; in the name of the National Assembly, the sole arbiter of peace or war ; to avoid it, on the contrary, but without weakening any of our duties, and without descending from the rank which France ought to hold among European nations, if to avoid it were possible—such was the line of con duct which the Government at first traced out for itself —such was the only policy which appeared to it worthy of the Republic. That policy the Government has faithfully and unreservedly followed. It must find itself sufficiently rewarded for its efforts, since it may now make the whole of France partake in its hopes which it feels of the prompt re-establishment of peace in Italy through the mediation of Franco and England. The united action of the two powers has already begun to exercise its effects on several points of the Peninsula. And if any doubts could be felt as to the results which may arise from the understanding of the two most influ ential nations of Europe, united in one and the same ides, and for an interest which is also that of the whole world, we would add that fresh motives for confidence and security would be found in the relations established between France and the other foreign powers. These relations are most amicable, and do not except from them even those Governments which the name of Re public might tend to render unfavourable towards France. We have, therefore, every reason to hope that this me• diation of France and England in Italy will be followed by a prompt and favourable result, and that it will serve as a prelude to a general pacification. The struggle which is being carried on in the Duchies for interests of a comparatively secondary character, must be put a stop to. The German Parliament wished, we doubt not, that its first act should be one of conciliation ; and it will unite itself to our efforts to bring about an arrange • ment already too long delayed. It will not forgot that the efficacy of its action depends on its wisdom. Thus the Republic, although scarcely constituted, will have resumed in Germany, in Italy, and in the whole of Europe, the place which the timid, irresolute, and com plaisant policy of royalty had caused to be lost, and France will give to the grateful world the spectacle of a democracy . which, after having regenerated Europe by its principles, knows how to keep within proper bounds all the elements of strength which it contains, and is ambitious of no glory but that of pacifying the world." The id ien Public, as the organ of Le.m.utTlNE, is next entitled to our attention, and in the last impression of that journal we find the subjoined expressions of opinion : General Cavaignac has not thought it his daty to give orders to the army to cross the Alps, He has sought in a common mediation of France and England the pacific solution of the question. Let us declare it at once, we felicitate the General on having known how to place the peace of the world above the flourish of trumpets. It is a noble sight, in times like these when the fumes of military glory ascend so easily to the brain, to behold a man who has made his reputation on the field of battle forget the: epaulet before the interest of his coun try. To put aside the intervention of our armies in Italy Gen. Cavaignac has three reasons: the first, that w e h ave already offered our co-operation to Charles Albert, and that he refused our alliance; the second, that the insurrec tion of Juno has caused a wing of the army of the Alps to be withdrawn, in order to be brought to Paris and its neighbourhood; the third, that France is isolated in her diplomacy and that she ought, at any cost, by diplo matic means or cannon shot, to get out of her isolation. But the understanding with England frees it from that state of isolation without compromising the peace of Europe ' as understanding so much the more easy that, from th e very:first day, General Cavaignac declared that he did not intend assuming in the affairs of Italy any other part than that of arbritrator, and that, in no case, and under no pretext, would he claim an indemnity of territory for the French Republic. We cannot but approve of the attitude of General Cavaignac. For, in fact, what is it we want? It is the independence of Italy, her indepen dence at as a small a cost as possible, But peace is a better way than war to obtain that result." The Journal des Debate endeavours to justify CHARLES ALBERT for his recent capitulation ; and to say the least of the least of the arguments em ployed by the journalist, they are marvellously inge nious. Altogether the tone of the Paris papers is gradually becoming more and more pacific ; the ter rible and embarrassing posture of affairs in Northern Italy quelling in some measure the bellicose aspira tions of even the most warlike. A new work is announced by the Constitutionnel as on the eve of publication, from the manuscripts of M. DE LAMARTINE. Its title is simply but expres sively " Trois Moil au Pouvoir." The authorities are on the track of the persons who fired at M. TRIERS, and it is thought the cul prits will soon be in the hands of justice. .. - :An article, couched in sanguine terms, appears in the National, announcing the progressive augments tionlof the national treasury under the management . of M. GOIJDCEIAUX. The Pattie has this paragraph : dsai r ty e t s in o r l ge v l e ao d tfi , we the hs m ee m e i n bn t lq i y o u n i o e r yn d " At a meeting of r e p resen t at i ves , a t w hi c h G enera l yesterday, s e a a t v u a r i d g a n y ae a t n a o p s o i r r s e d t s e e e d r h o i f a t t t w h the e as ve tahse t o A into the insurrection of the 15th of May, and the 23d, 24th, 25th, and 26th of June. General C avaignac had consented to present it himself, as we stated. He, how ever, abandoned his determination on some observations subsequently made to him." The Representaxt du P euple (edited by M. PROUDFION) says that the report circulated, to the effect that MM. LOUIS BLANC and CAUSSIDIERE were to be placed on their trial, originated with a certain party in the National Assembly, who feared to in clude LEDRU Roma/4, the tribune still beloved by the people, notwithstanding his faults. The Minister of War is said to be actively en gaged in preparing barracks for the troops encamped in the neighbourhood of Paris. All the buildings attached to the Palaces of Mendon, St. Cloud, Ver sailles, St. Germain, and Paris are to be prepared for their reception. The Palaces of the Tuileries and the Luxembourg are to be occupied by troops. It is expected that 900 men may be lodged in the latter. ROME. A profound alarm still occupied the imagination of the Romans when the last dispatches I..ft that city. It would appear, indeed, from a private letter received from the capital of the Papal States, that most of this alarm has originated in a blunder as to the events transpiring in Lombardy. On the 29th ult. says this correspondent, a report was afloat that the Italians had gained a glorious victory, and that RA.. DETZKY was killed. " The great bell of the capital," lie continues, " was rang, and all the other bells in Rome answered it; muskets were fired here and there; and in a group more agitated than the others there were loud cries of Long live CHARLES ALBERT, only King of Italy!' A body of the people went to the Minister MAMIANI, who declared to them that the news of the victory of the Italians was true. They then went to the Sardinian Ambassador's, where a person appeared on the balcony, and alio announced that the intelligence was correct, after which he cried Long live CHARLES ALBERT, the victorious !' The people were so impatient to ring the bells, that they did not wait for the keys of the churches, but broke open the doors ; and, as they were not accustomed to bell ringing, some, instead of ringing peals of joy, clanged the death hells, and others sounded the tocsin. This, added to the discharge of muskets, and the_ excitement of the people in the streets, caused great dismay. By the discharge of the muskets se veral persons were wounded." When the fallacy , of these impressions became known the Chamber of Deputies issued the address already published by ourselves, in which the Parliament re mhledthe SOVEREIGN PONTIFF of "the Divine words addressed by him to the ALMIGHTY, who," said they, " does not desire that his empire should repose only on the sword." From a blunder in the wording and punctuation of the original copy, from which our translation of Saturday evening was taken, the sub stance was made to have reference to diabolical rather than to Carlistial influences, to the Austrian Est• PEROEt instead of to OMNIPOTENCE. A letter from Rome, addressed to the Ornivers, says,—" We are in a state of complete anarchy; at the moment at which I write to you it is said that the civic guards are making common cause with the heroes of Vicenza and the other factions : that they have rejected and trampled under foot the Pontifical cockade, &c. GOD only knows what He reserves to Rome. Many persons are taking measures for put ting themselves out of danger, and already have se veral of the Cardinals, who were most threatened, left the city. Still, I believe, that 1,000 faithful soldiers, commanded by an energetic man, iwould suffice to maintain order." Intelligence of a later date, describes the city as restored to tranquillity by the paternal address of the SOVEREIGN PONTIIT. NAPLES. Excepting a slight collision between a S wigs patrol and the Lazzaroni, the capital was calm. A minis terial crisis is. however, shortly expected, as a de claration of BOZZELLI in the Chamber, that he would no longer drag his heavy chains, is considered not to have been the result of the pique of the moment, but of previous deliberation. MARLBRO'-STREET- 7 (THIS DAY.) Thero has not a single charge of any public interest at this court this morning. BENEVOLENCE.—The sum of 20s. has been received by the magistrate from a gentleman, undsr the initials of J. 8., for the use of Mrs. Wetterton, the particulars or whose case appeared in this journal last week. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. WOLVERHAMPTON, SUNDAY NIGHT. The following horses have arrived:—Lahore, Capsi cum, Never Mind, Sponge, Ribaldry, Wolverhampton, Novel, Miss Stephenson, The Empress of Russia, Shrewsbury, Shropshire Witch, Inheritress, Yardley, Lazarillo, Pottinger. Counterfeit, Luly of the Luno, Dough, Wanota, Roma, Westow, Woolwich, Martin Chuzzlewit filly, Marlow, The Dart, Brandyface, and Sheraton. The course is very heavy. POTATO DISEASE. The Council of the Royal Agricultural Society have received the following statement from Lord Portman, in reference to the potato crop in Dorsetshire, viz.:— "Bryanstone, July 31, 1848.—0 n the Ist of July my gardener observed the potatoes looking rather fading, and day by day found the symptoms of disease increasing. I desired him to dig those which were most affected on the 19th and 20th. We found one-half were too bad for the pigs to eat, and the other half sound. The hot rain set in and stopped our work. Tho rain ceased on the 27th, and we resumed the digging on the 28th. We then found nineteenths rotten, and so offensive to the smell that I directed them to be buried. The remaining one-tenth were sound, and I hare placed them on dry soil in long shallew heaps, and I have carefully dusted them with quick lime, and covered them slightly, hoping to preserve them for food. I have heretofore tried all ttie experiments suggested, and I have found all to be useless except the plan which I have now adopted, because it alone has heretofore inva riably succeeded. The disease is very bad all around me. The cottagers who planted late in the spring have quite lost their seed and labour, for the haulm is dead and the tubers not larger than marbles; but those planted in January, early in February, and in the autumn, are most valuable, because though now entirely checked, they have obtained an edible size, if they happen to be fit to eat, and may be stored with lime for future use. The crop is very large and fine, and would, but for this visitation of Providence, have given a great supply of tubers. Here we are filling the plots cleared of potatoes with turnips and cabbages. (Signed) PORTMAN." The disease has this week been fed by the close at mosphere, and frequent rains, accompanied by electric influence from reperted thunder storms ; the tops or • haulms have died away rapidly, even where the bulbs have not half arrived at maturity; yet upon examining the roots the disease has not far extended. Some growers are still hoping that the crops will escape; others entertain fearful forebodings. Some are pulling up the tops and leaving the bulb in the ground, others are digging and selling at any price, while a third party leave them to take their chance. On making our weekly inquiry in the markets of the metropolis, in the Borough we found the salesmen abundantly supplied with very fine potatoes from the counties of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Essex, and Middlesex, which met a ready sale at about the prices of the Saturday previous. The growers up from the country admit that, although they found some diseased potatoes when digging, there were not so many as some represented. Many fields are entirely free, others have about one sack in twenty slightly touched. The yield is immense, particularly of the second early. The late or general crop is still green, and hopes are entertained that such will escape.—Spitalfields : Sales were brisk at the prices of last week.—Covent Garden : The salesmen bad large consignments, not only from the counties near London, but also from the northern and eastern coun ties.—Farringdon and Portman Markets on Friday : Best Shaws and Regents sold at 41. a ton ; iaferior at 3/. ditto.' POTATO CROPS. TO THE EDITOR OE THE SUN. Sin,—Considering it of great importance that the public attention should b© directed to the actual condi tion of the potato crops, I take the liberty of addressing this communication to you in reference to these districts, including Carnarvonshire and Anglesey. I make my state ment from actual observation, and from facts with which I am personally cognizant, so that you may rely upon the correctness of what is stated. Throughout these districts the potato crops are universally dis eased. The rapidity with which the disease has manifested itself generally throughout these coun ties within the last fortnight is calculated to produce the most melancholy and distressing results. To judge from the appearance of the haulms, and the effluvia which is offensively appreciable on the adjoining roads, the disease is this year more extensive and more viru lent than it has ever been since its first appearance in 1845. Indeed the appearance of the malady is so universal as to convince me that inde pendently of any exciting atmospheric cause, there must exist some material elementary defect in the physical organism of the potato itself. As an instance of the rapid progress of the disease, I will mention a case Which is within my own knowledge. On last Thursday week five American flour casks full •f sound potatoes were taken up. At that time there were some diseased ones picked out. On Thursday last, from the same measure of land, in the same field, and of the same kind of potatoes, the quantity of sound potatoes was only three casks full, showing a loss, within ono week, of forty per cent. If the crops be similarly affected throughout the kingdom as they are in the districts with which I am acquainted , and unless something occurs to check the process of de composition, the industrial and poorer classes will, be tween this time and the harvest of next year, b e ex posed to severe trials. Ought not some official steps to be taken by those in authority with a view to obtain such information as would prove the actual state of this crop throughout every part of the kingdom? I am, Sir, your obedient servant, 0. 0. ROBERTS. Castle Hill, Banger, Aug. 13, 1848. ERRATIIM.—By some extraordinary oversight in our impression of Saturday, the name of Lord Pal:, merston was printed for that of "Lord Norman* The announcement which was contained in our intelli gence from the French Republic was, obviously, to the effect that the British Ambassador bad a lengthened in terview with General Cavaignac on Thursday last, in the Rue de Varenncs. Jenny Lind is engaged for the Theatre Royal, ' Dublin. The arrangements are on a ()Teat scale, an d include Balletti, F. Lablache, Roger, and the orchestra and chorus from her Majesty's Theatre. The operas to be given are La Figlia, Lucia, Puritani, and Sonnain hula. The first week in October is fixed for the first opera. In Scotland at present there is but one regiment °f cavalry and two of infantry. NOILTII AMERICAN MAILS.—The steamship Bri tannia, Captain Lang, sailed from Liverpool on Saturd a l afternoon, for Halifax and Boston, with the usual maill and a large number of passengers. The hornewar nivi!s by the steam-ship Hibernia, Captain Shannon, which would leave New York on the 2d, and Halifax 011 the sth inst., are due this day. I .... DI Co Lc tilt the dig abt the &c, tca aga the haN Bo 1 Dir Do: Di;