The Sun. — London, England, 1852-04-20 00:00:00

themselves stiited, for the express purpose of laying their grievances before Parliereent. But observe, these uttee:len did not ask that a Reeed Coaimiesien should 'o f e sent out—so far from that, t h ey sa id t h ey were per ietlY wilting and 'sale to lay their grieveucce before this • ° file, and in order that the Heuze might see the mode l a which proposed todo they - no, be would le ad a short extr act from the programme they had issued, setting to n e p ae ithe grounds upon which they intended going to , 1911 - They styled themselves the British Indian e e- ~;oe iation;•aad. they. stated that the society should formed for to period of not less than three years; that ts groat-and object should be to promote "IQ provetnent and efficiency of the British Indian eetavernme n t neay, ',every legitimate means in its Power, and thereby to advance the common interests of Great Britain and India, and ameliorate the condition of „the native inhabitants . 01 the .latter country; and that ti - h 3 O ani object -of primary importance the association tlftl make such urgent . representatiuns the Impeeial, vs s rfieraent of-Great Britain in the ensuing discussions ~"e East India Charter as might be c alcul7e l t , e il d; , , ,s r h e o m tw, o ee e d. e r, "efects in the law- and civil admiuis:retioo, and promote ta t , thin,a welf.ro ot British ludia. p that these gentlsmen had as.ociated bring n t ece! s ati . ces before Parliament, and that they would avail to t o ni e elves of the opportunity on the E stridia which would be presented .e m for doing so by these discussions Charter- There was, however, a stronger proof still that the se gentlem en did not wish a Reyal Commission should ea sent to India; for it so happened that they had addressed e • in rotation to the Executive Govern ment of lucks, and the petition they actually stated that they did not %lst such a•Comtnission to be sent cut. That pstitiun ' w as addressed to the Deputy-Governor of Bengal; and i t stated distinctly that " it was necessary to call such a l laohinery into existence." It was c lear, therefore, they did not seem to think that their grie v ances required any "lich Commission as this to be sent out. As ho (Mr. taillie) had before observed, ho had no doubt that the le hi bd-tax would be one of the great grievances, and the Gentleman also talked of the salt duties and the o pium monopoly—in short, of all the standing grievances of India ; but however much these taxes might be com plained of, he very much doubted if the Hon. Gentlemen, Cr any - of the learned natives who were included in the new associ a ti o n, would be able to devise a schema of taxation in India by which nearly 5,000,000 of revenue Could be raised there annually hi a manner less obnoxi ous or injurious to the great body of the people than the system 'which was now in force in that country. — (Hear.) In discussing the question it was necessary that the House should bear in mind and clearly an tlertend what was the o b ject and the intention of the Government in prOpoSing the appointment of this Com mittee, The House was aware, as his Right Hon. bod (Mr. Herries) had al rea dy s t ated in his very 1 . 11, speech, th at t h e present form of our I n di an govern tent was established by the Act of 1833. Previous to t he passing of that Act a Committee was appointed to , ru inve stigate every b ranc h an d d epartmen t o f the Indian b adm inistration. That C omm it tee was composed, he h,"ed, of seventy M e mb ers , and in order to face tizat-e their inquiri e a they were sub-divided into Committees, each Sub-Committee undertaking to in th'ttgate one of the six b ranc h es of the administration W hich the busin es s o f the India House and the Board of sControl was c l assi fi e d an d arranged. Each of these Committees made a report, and the whole of the i i ? a k rts were co m p r i se d i n no t le s s than eight large blue 1) 0 ° , 9 : He mentioned this merely that the House might iDi in mind that, previous to the Act of 1633, the ail ot°lstration of the affairs of India underwent a full, oeT i P l etei and searching investigation. It must be to te r% therefore, that the Gsvernment had no in c)a, nor indeed was it necessary, that such an i e l tlt rY should take place now. - They were already th itt P o r tnession of th e i n f orma ti on w hi c h w a s procured by eternittee, and which was contained in the blue bat 's k; e a to which he had referred. The question which dititubtaitted to that Committee in 1832 was a very p at Tait one f rom t h at w hi c h mus t now b e su bmitted to tiot'olltuent.. for its decision. Ia 1832 the question was se ev n lY whether the Government of India should be faued its th e h an d s o f the E ast I nd i a C ompany, b ut tt'citaer those exclusive privileges which the Company lit ee B° loon enjoyed under their charter should be con e k0..a,0r aboli s h e d. Th e quest i on f or d ec i s i on now was te gtv ' e b tnore simple one. The que s ti o n was one which l odio 'ued the principles upon which the Government of la w _ °rag for the future to be carried on; whether the L ttc rs which, by the Act of 1833, were entrusted to the ssi,!of the East India-Company, and which they had fla Ss )e cl'ince that period, should be contin ue d, an d if con fe dt e , whether those powers should b e i n an y way cur to te m Or restricted? These were the question s w hi c h were to de B , nberritt e d to inquiry, and it was f or P er ii ement now roitt e ‘ icl e the important question whether or Rot a Cons tileasti?oild be appointed as . the . best mode of obtain 14K Id information—a Committee select' d from the lead aleirrabere of all parties in this House, without any that eurlar party view—in fact, with no other view than possible, ilesopit rests bene ti . o t f u g and promotinn, as much as the people of India as well es of the Ik e 4 it e l; e f (i gland; and it was the opinion of the late, Oietr e a w as of the present Government, that tbe ap of o b 0 1 such a Committee would be the best mode ennui; the • ,1 3 (Mr, B alt . requisite information. Oa that occasion "Pere those ittiavetawQcuutild not enter into any discussion I Vlth 'e' Peet tO which had bee❑ . made . elsewhere of India, 0 e existing administration of the affairs a ge had beernadai toper subjects n 'garded the mode in which the patron etributed. These were all very fit and s omtwe for discussion, but he thought it would .t th tt , umc premature to enter upon such a discussion L i s t rae t m : o ttl . ,,erft- He was of opinion, however, that Par me h `aaLt find it exceedingly difficult to devise a us di st , Y vshich such a vast amount of patronage could je st . nuted, that lone i t would not be liable to abuses and.ob _s e , td 4. it were in the hands of Government it might party ph lur Party purposes; and it might be used for all ._ rposes now, But if it were so, it was, at the 'vel ". spread Over all parties in the House and nt! l e e , chl th ti t t rya, whereas, if it were in the hands of Go- Zbiee th _lt would be used for the benefit of the party I :otige at anted to be in power. The Hon. Member for Akre Anstey) had occupied considerable time 13 .I•"'nu • slake g into the case of Colonel Outram. He (Mr. details) not follow the Hon. Member into all his Yet , 1 , 1 that subject, because the papers were not osier "afore the Board of Control, and he was not, Otit ee ' ° e• r et ill possession of the facts of the case. Colonel abl e Was, no doubt, a very distinguished and a very tn ; but as ho was not in possession of all the facts I L° fe e t eaB r' he should only observe on this occasion , that, 17,1.4 had was acquainted with it, he thought the Hon. T here to uad been l a b our i ng under some great error in Ore many palls of the statement he had made. 'tab e wa s another question upon which the Hon. 6 t p ri - ad also rather misunderstood his Right 5 alth en d (Mr. Herries). The Hon. Member seemed aitherPose that h. is Right Hon. Friend contemplated Of 4 r4Wi n re ettu , g from the East ludis Directors the right :ell es i rg the Governor-General of India But, as f ° opi o i e e e r erflembered, his Right Hon. Friend expressed :ne tt oe st e e upon r the subject—but deterred it to a hgretia with the Upon one point his Right Hon. Friend eo , ; _,Ln t . he Hon. Member for Yougbal—namely, in itt ( n . , t`t'tPating that the labours of the Committee were Net; I ; 4 ' be brought to a close during the present ses tfley• shut he did not think that that was a reason why e theire,. not appoint the Committee now, and leave f arie% 4 e t Y to be carried on and completed in a future the meantime if a future Parliament should so think fit. th e ei on ,e_statierie he thought he might venture to assure on wi sr° that the existence or non-existence of this l e A ttee neciei' h w ould not weigh one feather in the balance Silt d e ! the Government as to the course which they orte g h ie v,ro it their duty to pursue with reference to as sure t Vhe Present Parliament to a close; and he could t he . ()" their ce nso , on. Gentlemen who were anxious to meet O f this "bents at an early date, that the appointment !Li n s 'lutt . tteittee would not stand in the way of their Ing i ho v e hat Hon. Gentleman concluded by express the Hon. Member for Youghal would not Dress hjameantdment to a diviei on . 4t Sir E. COLEBRO OKE had heard with sa ti s f ac ti on th e l i f italnent made by the Right Hon. Gentleman orries)ewith referenc e to the Patent w to w )fe ce hic s in the ad h the na i (Ma pesas of India had been intru ste d h a 'tistratien; but he should have listenedto it with still F e a v n i i n ed with some !reater satisfaction had it been accomp ,l ore of the progress made iri i ns to the subordinate condi the amendment na -4,1 and giving greater efficiency stoeetned to hinsx'Stirt ef % s ervants in India. With regzr that it that the k t ," lion, Member for Yougha to e;i olebrooke) to involve this material defect, le n " only be carried upon the suppositi on Wats disposed to convey a wholesale censur e on oar Gover nment of India. -- (H ear ' ) It could not b e 1 01 l ", indeed, without setting up an authority i, Cant of Which would be indepen dent of the Go vern. of th at countr y ; and before the House came ta oto strong a resolution as that, h e thought it it might not take Is e , e ° • consider well whether ibis measure for- improving the machinery. and ed- I tto 4t ration of the government or India. As to the !)f cl t t .h io las of tho Committee proposed by the President„ h e —e , Board of Control, h e tnoight they would pot4 ll ' ; able to discharge those functions if theyto thel detail in a long investagatiou with regard tote et - i li o r l f the . administration of lodic. A House of Com- . t 'ffert `'bramittee could never discharge the duty of tlis t ; ) ° , s ttegestyins with regard . to these details, and 7,st, n en ' tO which their attention ought to be directed '.'rtr e ..7. t ar they could improve the machinery o . f go toil °f he for India, as well as improve the spirit and .the !service in that country, remembering that the m r sov erntneat of India mast be in India itself. kaiest al aßDlNGE expressed his satisfaction that her grea t Y's Government had determined to deal with this t ' e Ntrer it s t tion in a spirit of fair inquiry, because he had nt t he directors courted an inquiry, and he was h 'tt ed th e result would prove that they had not ne -erge, e interests et the people committed to their Toti o tt--( Hea r , hear.) He would willingly vote for the tstn tty \ bf , the H onoura bl e M em b er f or Y oug h a l (M r . e :Jirs e . he could bring himself to b e li eve th at th e a rr e hleh be proposed would really attain .the tit 1 1 , "'nett this country ought to have in view. ,ee to_Sereed with the Honourable Gentleman who ` t st,oria t i t ' il 7, spoken (Mr. Baillie) in thinking that a s, l q p ite „ o " ) fl sent out to- India would hardly answer "00 04 We even of the Honourable Member himself. 9nirethe questions of taxation and land tenure re orfrTure consideration, as well as the legal eon "tde, vi t e t nfia, and the House would shortly have to e terse tt n ti ether th e l aw comm i ss ion was to be aboli s h e d Nam e , at ft future day. The Hon. Member for :ltiee t , t , _ied laid great stress on t h e h a rdship and ine i,ll,4t trait the land tax; but it must be remembered en waft a tax to which the natives of India had tl' benst lode° °tried from time immemorial under both l w hich. l _ l . ll ,( l Mahnm e d an sovereigns. It was a tax, too, ard:) 'hen fairly assessed, did not vertu the, people of India. With regard to the e ei e t oe Siystern of India he (Mr. Hardinge) was of rsti:d 6 0 ,t_ h tlat though the permanent settlement made by se e we r ee ase . .llits might not have answered all the pur 144:dh Tt.its benevolent founder had in view, yet be " 1114 °Porlf4Oll as omit tr 4? TEE SUN, aericultural improvement. In the north-west of Indie, where Mr Bien's settlement was established in 1842, the system had worked so well and bad proved so bene ficial to the country, that the Bombay Government were now ititroduciles it into their own presidency.— ' (Hear, hear.) The Hon. Member for Youghal bad also laid great stre.is unon the abject poverty and distress of the natives of India under British rule; but he (Mr. llardioge) must say, from what he had observed in that country, that brejotgegoourgehtotdt.he Hog , h lt a l a em b be e r e ' n s and had travelled in C as h mere Indi and other countries under- native rule, and, in his opi nion the natives of those countries exhibited a strong contrast as compared with the natives of those who en joyed British rule. Much misconception had arisen, and many statements had been made, as regarded our system of taxation in India, particularly with reference to the salt tax—or, as the Hon. Member had termed it, the salt monopoly. But the salt tax was nor, a monopoly in the sense iu which the Hon, Member had presented it to the House. for within a period of five years the Go vernment had reduced the tax 15 per cent., and this mea sure had led to an annual increase in the consuwptiou to the extent of 18,000 tone; whilst the price of raft had been so much reduced to the consumer by the large portations, not only from Cheshire, but from Bombay, tundras, and the Ceylon coast, as fully to answer the ex pectations of the promoters or the reduction of the duty. —(heas.) It had been suggested elsewhere that en ad dition of royal troops should be made to the present forces in India. That was a subject which would re quire the most grave and mature consideration ; but of one thing he was certain, that as long as they paid re peel to the religious feelings and prejudices of the eepoy, and to his ideas of caste, they may rely upon his filelity, and upon the zeal and services of the native army. He hoped the House would not sanction any radical changes iu the management of Indian affairs, unless such changes were imperatively called for. Mr. HUME was glad that he had given way to the Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down, on account of the practical knowledge he had shown on the subject. With respect to the proposed inquiry, he wished to ex press his satisfaction at it. At the same time he must urge on the Hon. and Learned Gentleman who had pro posed the amendment to withdraw it, as it was utterly impracticable. The 100 millions of whice the popula tion of India was composed consisted of tribes and races of such diversity that, if' they sent out a Commission to India, they should send a Commission to every distinct tribe, and where could they find persons to conduct such a multitarious inquiry. They should have recourse to the servants of the East India Company, than whom no persons were more capable of performing the duties de volved upon them; the beat proof of which was, that no emergency had over occurred without men being found who were capable of meeting it. They would be much better able to get at truth by an inquiry conducted at home, where they could have the services of some of the ablest men connected with India. With respect to the exemptions to which the Hon. and Learned Gentleman had referred, as having been made by Government, he re collected more absurd regulations being made in this country than had ever been made with respect to the im portation of salt in India. The real thing to be con sidered was the principle upon which the inquiry was to be conducted. He was pleased to find the Govern ment had not determined on making any change which would have the effect of removing the Court of Direc tors from the wenagement of Indian affairs. No policy could be more fatal than such a removal of the superin tendence of the Court of Directors. With respect to the alleged poverty of India it was only comparative. ['here was poverty in England and Ireland as well us in India; but the ryots on the Company's lands were more com fortable than those in any of the native principalities. A comparison between ledist and England was not a just one. Let them rather make a comparison between our colonies in different part , of the world and India as a c deny, and they would find that India was far superior iu the com fort and satisfaction of her people than any other colony. Ile trusted that the Government would see fit to enlarge the powers and authority of the Court of Directors. In matters of peace and war they were utterly power less. They knew nothing of the Affghan war until it was at an end. It was heguu and ended by the President of the Board of Control, without their con sent or knowledge. He hoped, too, that the commer cial policy which had been carried out in this country would be extended to India, where it was cal culated to develop the resources of the country. If there was any complaint to be made against the Court of Di- Factors, it was that they had not paid sufficient attention to the subject of public works, particularly roads and railata)s; and great improvement, toe, might be made by putting taxation on a better footing. He would strongly advise the Han. and Learned Gentleman to withdraw his amendment. Sir J. W. HOGG had no wish to prolong the discus sion, which he concurred in thinking would be much better postponed until the `Committee had made their inquiry, and the House was in possession of the result. Speaking for himself and the great Company which he had then the honour to represent, be could only say their sole and anxious desire was that the must full and ample information should be laid before the House and the country, and as regarded the result of any inquiry which might no made, they bad only one wish in common with every man in that House, and that was that the result of the deliberations in that House might be such as to tend to the weltare of India and the advancement and prosperity of its countless inhabitants. He did not feel disposed to follow the Han. and Learned Gentleman into all the subjects to which he had referred; but he mu- , t say he had listened with absolute amazement (in which he was sure every gentleman conversant with Indtan affairs must have shared) to the Hon. and Learned Gentleman as he referred to every imaginable topic and subjects and he (Sir J. Hogg) should not have noticed, his remarks at all if it were not for his concluding ob servations. Nu Member of that House was justified in making atatemeuts and charges without having full and ample information upon the subject on which ho ad dressed the House. What, then, were they to think of t h e statements of the Honourable and Learned Gentleman with respect to the case of Colonel Outram, denouncing as he did almost all the authorities in India and at home, accusing them indirectly of the basest acts, and imputing to them the basest motives? The Hon. and Learned Gentleman had been a short time since told from the Treasury bench that the papers respecting Colonel Outram's ease had not yet reached this country, and yet the Hon. and Learned Gentleman made those accusations and charges without informing the House on what authority ho based them. Ha had alluded to a circular sent out by the Bombay Government. What was the fact? There were rumours prevalent that there were cer tain indirect influences supposed to be at work in Bombay at the presidency which could produce ce rtain results. It designing natives could only induce a general belief of that kind, they would be able to extort money from the native princes and courts, under the impression that money could be applied at the Presidency to useful purposes, thereby intimating that it might find its way into the hands of members of the Government. Such a report was calculated to have a most injurious effect; but whe ther or not, the Banabay Government had sent out a cir cular to its agents desiring them to probe the rumour to the bottom, and expose the authors of the rumour. Amongst the men who lent a ready and willing ear to that object was Colonel Outram. There were few men who had rendered butter service to India than Colonel Outram. He entered into the inquiry with his whole heart and soul, and with reference to the case of the wretched widow to whom the Hon. and Learned Gen tleman had alluded, Colonel Outram probed to the bot tom the infamous conduct to which she had been sub jected, and thoroughly exposed it, and Colonel Outram's conduct in the matter had been fully approved of by the Government. With regard to the subsequent proceed ings, they had not yet got the papers. The Government had directed an inquiry to be made at Baroda, and it was made there in open court, and from the notes taken on that occasion the information must have been derived which the Hon. and Learned Gentleman had partially doled out to the House. If the Hon. and Learned Gen tleman were now present he should have asked him whether he was there as the adiocate of Colonel Outram, and whether he had derived his informa tion from the Gill tot Officer. What he apprehended was the Hon. and Learned G?ntlemsn'a taking up a naked statement so injurious to the Government and to individuals, when the facts and the whole case wore not before the House. As to the manner in which the Hon. and Learned Gentleman spoke of the Court of Directors, the question was too momentous—the interests involved were of too grea t we i g ht, too solemn to permit of his indulging le in recrimination; but the result of the inquiry would sh ow w h ether the Conrt of Directors had pro rsl iydt o,d)riysbaelinh,.ndatrhagoaet fard India,otheir h stewardship. The papers laid on the t a b would show that the population of the British ter 1)17697:h e Rightfr w to i me t hberienf provinces e g re n n o e s e to the square mile, ur g p o lu v s er o n f e r d eve b r y lue na n t o iv m e aanidiatthoefpy:raizw,lizheon. Gentleman (Ur. Hurries) had read productive powers was a surplus of revenue, r re 0;1 down to the Affghan war. The land revenue w „ provinces the cultivator ra , not with reference to the crop, but to the of the land. In many t h e proprietor. A minute allotteedrtatoinewdtii been almost converted into s and eff t rights of all interested were asc ertained, the cultivating taiook p d r a o r : effected—the the net rents 20 per cent. w pro p or tenant, la -- s per cent. the or middle-man, and 62 per cent. to to th e Government.otted Ti to Govern ment ; and in those cases where no middle-man 30 per cent. was the tenant, and 70 per cent. to the m‘ i ih at system was begun in the southern division of the istrietn. war were rattas, and was being extended to the northern cl" • - All matters of peace and Directors, but the Court of to the Secret her Majesty's Government,. who forwarded their patches, not to Committee, consisting of the chairman, deputy chair man, and senior mem ber, an d The whole esponsibi mit them immediately to lndia. r it was their duty to trans- Majesty's Govern ment, and not with the Court 0 lay rested in that respe ct with in matters judi general administration of the c ountr y , h f er Directors. But the Directors. Mal, financial, and fiscal, was vested b y law in the East India Company, and was conduct ed by the All the papers and dispatches from I ndia, as well as for they bad the India, came before the Court of Direc tors ; inception of the latter, which ware framed b y the execu tive of the court, who then submitted them to the com mittee, which had the charge of that department, for the court was divided into committees; and thus the dis patches had to undergo this first ordeal. If they wero approved of, well and good; if not, then the chairs were summoned, and the question was settled by them. The dispatch was afterwards laid on the table for a week, and subsequently discussed by the board. After this it WaS sent to the Board of Control, where it was adopted or rejected. But, nevertheless, the law pro vided in this case for what the courtesy of the various presidents of that board had rendered unnecessary, it gave a right of remonstrance to the Board of Dirtat9rs is east the lOW oI " t re 4 mule 111 Y sItall" LO N ON, tion in the principle, and that Minister was bound to assign his reasons for making such alteration. He (Sir J. Hogg) need not poiet out how complete a protection these things were against any improvidence, any haste, oe any impropriety on the part of the Board of Direc tors, of which this was the practice, apart from the pro ceedings of the secret committee —of whose acts he should add the great body of the directors knew nothing. The subject of patronage had been adverted to; and it was, perhaps, a delicate subject for him to touch on; but he had heard what had been stated on the subject, cod certain returns had been made , of stated he-should re capitulate one or two items to the. 'House. There were 2,900 appointments, for instance, in the gift of the di - - recLors. Out of this number 1,100 were given among the servants of the company; 1,700 were given to th e sons of the nobility, the gentry, and professional men; and of the rest a large number were conferred on the sons of naval and military officers in the service of the Queen; but the largestrof - all , he was ha ppy to say , were given among_ the sons of the clergy. These returns , - he should lay 'before the Committee,- and it would be for them to say _ whether or not the patronage of the East - India Company was properly distribaied. The Hoe. Member for Taunton had alluded to certain abuses which existed in respect of promising patronage when Directors canvassed fel. votes. Abusee would, no doubt, exist, and such, if they existed, were a dis grace to him who asked the vote, as well as him who gave it. But he (Sir J. Hogg) cauld most so lemnly declare that in the course of his own canvass even a hope of the kind had never been suggested to him, except in the case of one individual, and that was only distantly done, whose support he coniegnently de clined. The Hon. Member for Montrose had s,,id that the Court of Directors W 49 not attended regularly. By law there was an attendance required once a week. Many of the directors were not young men—some of them had other most important avocations—all of them were glad to get a little relaxation. But what was the fact as regarded their attendance? The average at tendance of the 24 exceeded 20, and there was no day in which there were not from four to ten directors in the India House.a—(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Member for Taunton had told the House that the judicial business of IncliA was principally disposed of - by native agents. From returns of the whole of India, taking the cases of original jurisdiction, as contradistinguished from the ap peel cases, there were, in the year 1849, the number of 25,574 suits decided, of which 256.151, or 99 per cent., were disposed of by native judicial officers, the remain ing 2,423, or 1 per cent. of the whole, having been dis posed of by European ju officers. Then again, in cases of appellate and original jurisdiction—the Sudder manee and others were appeal courts—in the same year, out of 340,918 suits, original and appellate, altogether disposed of, 319,554, or 93 per cent., were disposed of by natives; while 21 364, or 6 and a frac tion per c:nt., were disposed of by European judges. If any further proof were needed, it would be found in the statement of his Right Hon. Ft iend (Slr. Herries), that, while the appeals from the north-western provinces amounted to 15 per cent., the reversals amounted only to 4 per cent. The Hon. Member for Taunton had sa'el it was desirable to have in the direction of the India Com pany gentlemen of character, and station, and influence, connected with India, and he (Sir James Hogg) agreed witu him in principle. But his own experience of that Court had convinced him that it was eminently for the public good that among the directors there should be s ome unconnected wit India. If they were all con nected with the several services of India—naval, mi litary, and civil—their individual feelings might in the aggregate amount to a prejudice. In questions regarding the Church in this country the sole investigation was nut left to the clergy; re( r in the case. of the law was the in quiry left entirely to lawyers; but on all Committees that wore appointed there were generally some men not con nected with the subject in a professional point of view, and who only represented the strong- good eenee of the com munity. This was his opinion us regarded the Board of Directors; and he-was bound to say that among the most useful men that had ever belonged to that body— the late Sir F. Baring, for instance, Sir Hula Liglish, Mr. Bosanquet, Mr. Astell, and others whom he might name—not one of them had ever seen India. In the period of the last charter—prior to 1834—there were 26 vacancies in the Board of Directors, of which 10 were filled by men who were not connected with India. Since 1834, however, there was only one vacancy so filled, and that was by - a Member of that House, one of the most usefnl men that could be fixed on. The Court of Di rectors, he would say 'in conclusion, had no object in view, no wish whatever, except that Parliament should arrive at that conclusion which should tend most to the welFare of India, and conduce to the prosperity of the people of India.—Gear.) Sir R. H, INGLIS acknowledged his obligations to his Hon. Friend, but at the same time begged to suggest an error in one of his statements. Ile could assure his lion. Friend that the services of his (Sir R. Inglis's) late father, to whom he had referred, were facilitated and enhanced by the fact of a residence in India. Since the time of Burke, Indian - affairs bad been a dinner bell, and they were so still. Yet though this was ai l question that involved the interests of 110,000,000 of men, perhaps of 150,000,000, there had scarcely been " a House" at various periods of the discussion. With the view to the spiritual as well as the temporal in terest of that great empire, he (Sir R. H. Inglis) hoped, therefore, that those to whom the inquiry was to be delegated would enter into it with a feeling of the deep responsibility that rested on thf..m; and that the conduct of the inquiry itself would be guided by a right spirit as regarded religion. There had been, as his Right Honourable Friend truly stated, a gradual increase in the means of spiritual in struction hiDeri 1793, and he (sir R. H. Inglis) believed that it had been found that in proportion to the increase of instruction so was the increase of the fidelity of the people of India to British rule, And when he saw how imperfect that instruction still was, he trusted that the committee would especially turn their attention to pro vide for it.. He considered that one bishop was not suffi cient to manage the spiritual affairs of so vast au em pire. With respect to the civil service, the efficiency of the officials was beyond all praise. Mr. Canning made three selections—Sir J. Munro, Mr. Elphinetone, and Sir John Malcolm—and Mr. Canning declared that no one could be found who was better qualified to conduct the affairs of India than each of those three gentlemen. He quite agreed with the Hon. Gentleman (Sir J. Hogg) that it was not necessary to be connected with India to manage Indian affairs well. It was advisable to have English feeling, as well as Indian feeling, in the direction; and therefore it was not proper to have only those men selected who were con nected with India. He should, therefore, not be dis posed to make any material alteration in the existing system. The garment of the lion. Gentleman (Sir J. Hogg) was enough to show there was no corruption in the mode of exercising the patronage. He trusted no alteration would be made in the constitution of the Court of Directors, or of the patronage; and when he recol lected the only. independent act—the recall of a Gover nor-General—bad been signed by one Governor of Bengal, two other members of the council, and other men who were experienced in the affairs of India—when he saw that such an act was sustained by persons compe tent to form an opinion upon it—he should be very sorry to see the power, as it at present existed, taken away. He thought the proposed Commission of Inquiry would be inconsistent with the decision which Parliament was soon to give on the renewal of the charter, and he there fore hoped the Hon. Member would not put the House to the trouble of dividing on his amendment. Lord JOHN RUSSELL said: Sir, there has been so much argument already bestowed upon this subject, that I certainly do not feel it necessary to offer more than a very few remarks. I rise, indeed, principally to state what in my own mind appears to me the view with which the committee was appointed. I wish to take this opportunity of stating my opinion upon the matter, because from some expressions it might be supposed that the committee about to be appointed was one to de cide the future government of India.—(llear, hear.) That was not the meaning of the Honourable Gentle man. It must be the intention of her Majesty's Govern ment that they shad retain in their own hands the power of making, when the fitting time arrives, such proposi tions as they may think wise and politic, and that Parliament retains in their own hands the power of deciding upon those propositions.—(Hear, hear.) I wish therefore to say that I think the appointment of the committee extremely useful and desirable, and that if I were in the Government I should concur in its appointment. The committee will be useful in the way of collecting information and making suggestions; and this is the view in which it was appointed, more than as a Committee entitled in any way to decide upon the vast question of the future government of India. I say this the more readily, because in my own mind there is not much doubt as to the general nature of the future go vernment of India. I am satisfied with the experience which we have had, since 1833, of the operation of the /tot which is now to be inquired into. I will not enter into the question of the way in which we have obtained the government of India. The Hon. Baronet says that Divine Providence has named us to be the rulers of that great empire. Be that as it may, - we find ourselves in this generation with a vast responsibility imposed upon us of giving a government to India. Itt so doing our chiefest, our greatest care must be to provide for the welfare of the millions committed to our away. That being our first oare, it is obvious that there are some advantages which we ten give them which they had either not at all, or in a very modified proportion. In the first place, our great power ought to enable us to hstettomfhorreeand as Governor-General, guard them against the ravages of civil broils and potty wars, which is the secret of much of the misery under which the people heretofore groaned. We ought to be able, with our knowledge of the true principles of jus tevii.ael,t!eriip,onpto give them impartial justice. We ought to efford them the ability which the great abundance in t wa n d l in C i o s u tr n a t t r i y on of 9 justice , ability for political administration e a r n ea c i i t t . h e improvement p r t e h y e e m n e e n x t t a f p place , we people e b f ought India, to both p htilaolvneinnaotnthdfouot fully t is the most essential of all—for the edu dwlenardyioattibfrerosmwaythimsen n d a t t oi practicalns.rules f measures of government an govern v e e r g n a r ther o" and likewise for their educa- Woafrsbetween o ac s tical morality which ought to II believe completely, alt still h w e e s e hrespec ts, degree, under t l h n e dt present Act, Act, performed our du ig t rr y ew t a o et Under our sway there have not r t r o ll bime s e t p a n tes ta ih o i af e n h tdh e , end in the beenth the people those petty kings, but which, aggrandizement of one of at all events, end in the degrad r s a e at h .o t :i s and affliction of the impartial, introduced an adnt country, n t t h r e y e whetherg believe,re greatest rightste os tf p e r pie. Under ou u r ton a known to the people r r e a t t i h o a n n oLj s u moreof i t i t i t l ia j a p e i c h o a u v a e t ry. gone abi or Mr. El h' occupyingter in more bumble capacities, such as those filled by o r whe P Instone Un der lately introduced those • our sway there has been methods sirth,erheuemprae government which elevate the people, and from which at the present time indin d d has enye groat advantages, smeDlue'rmrom . of instruction and practi cal teaching EVENING, APRIL 20, GOLD MINES. Colonel TROMPON begged to postpone his motioa on this Fillbi , et to the 27th inEt. PASSENGERS ACT AIIENDMENT BILL. The House havino• said into Committee on thi s Pill, Mr. S. HERBERT said the House was aware that this Bill was the emanation of a report furnished by a Select Comvniv . .ee, which sat last year to inquire into the operstioo of the Passengers Alt of 1849. 1 referred to the passage of Irish emigrants between Great Britain, Ireland, and the United States; and in order that the measure should be carriedi,nto cactive operation it was : necessary to obtain assistance by referring to the United States Passenger Act.—(Hear, hear.) The existing United States Bill was more stringent than the British. Act, and as the former would be put in force on the ar rival of the vessel, they had therein a guarantee that the protection provided by the Act would be put in force. But the present Bill proposed a new regulation, which he believed would bo found objectionable. The food was to be served out to the passengers uncooked twice a wrek; but from sea-sickness or want of accom modation in the galleys the passengers could not always cook their food. Now, he thought it Would be very ad visable, to procure the assentor the American Government to modify their Act so as to mw the r-piremerts of the case.. Sir J. PAKINGTON would have no objection to carry out the suggestions of the Right Hon. Gentleman, provided it could be done without any unnecessary delay to the passing of the Bill. After some observivions from Mr. Duncan and Mr. Cardwell, which did not reach the gallery, and which Mr. Goulburn complained he could not hear a word of, the clause was agreed to, as were the other clatvcs up to 15. On clause 16, a conversation arose as to the power of the tribunal of appeal between Sir J. Pakington, Mr. W. Brown, Alderman Thompson, and Mr. Ad lerley.. Mr. W. BROWN suggested that the magistrate should be empowered to take the opinion of seamen, provision merchants, and other competent persons, on any point of dispute, so as to avoid the loss of time consequent on the appeal. Mr. F. BARING thought it would be well if the Government would take into consideration the pro priety of settling some summary and practicable power of appeal. Mr. S. HERBERT said an appeal might be inconve nient to the shipowner, but then the question might in volve the safety of hundreds of lives.—(Hear.) Sir J. PAKINGTON said the emigrant officers, who, undo' , the clause as it stood, would have the power of decision, were very competent, and were naval officers, acquainted with nautical matters; and the appeal would probably be to parties less competent to decide, and having no nautical knowledge at all.—(Hear.) How ever, he would consider the question, and endeavour to see if any practicable appeal could be suggested. The clause was agreed to, as was clause 17. Clauses 18, 19, and 20 were agreed to. On clause 21, Mr, S. HERBERT complained that the difference be tween the accommodation for passengers in health and in sickness was not sufficiently defined. Atter a short conversation, the clause was agreed to, as were clauses up to 48 inclusive. Clause 49 was agreed to, with a verbal amendment suggested by Mr. W. BROWN. NI clause 71, Mr. S. HERBERT suggested that "rundq•b" should be subjected to some badge by which they might be known to emierants. Sir J. PAKINGTON said that the necessary pre cautions bad been taken to ensure these persons being known. The clause was agreed to. The remaining clauses of the Bill were then agreed to. A new clause was added relating to the licensing of porters, and the Bill was ordered to be reported. The Exchequer-bills Bill went through Committee. The Linen Manufactures (Ireland) Bill went through Committee. POOR-LAW CONTINUANCE BILL On the order of the day for the second reading of this Bill being read, Lord 1). STUART said that, though he believed the poor-law required amendment in several points, he would not oppos3 the second reading of this Bill under present Circumstances. The Government was composed of Members who, when in opposition, were active op ponents of the poor-law, and he hoped they had only proposed this Bill in order to obtain time to amend the whole ,system. He, however, did not think that this Bill 'should continue for two years in operation, and he gave notice that in Committee he would more an amend ment to limit it to the period of one year only. Mr. WAKLEY complained of the powers given to the Poor-law Commissioners, and instanced the late case of St. Pancras, when the governor of the work house was dismissed by the guardians, and notwithstand ing which these Commissioners, w ho knew nothing whatever of the case, have stepped forward and declared that the representatives of the parish had no authority dismiss their officer. to Sir J. TROLLOPE said that the Commissioners had merely demanded the reasons for the dismissal of the governor, or that he should be reinstated in his situation. The Bill was then read a second time. The Poor Relief Act Continuance Bill passed through Committee. CORRUPT PRACTICES AT ELECTIONS BILL. On the motion that this Bill, as amended, be con sidered, Colonel SIBTHORPE and Mr. HUDSON were severally opposed to going on with this Bill at such an advanced hour of the night. Sir A. COCiiBURN brought up two clauses for the purpose of their being printed. It was proposed by them to allow a reasonable time between the summons and the attendance of witnesses, and to protect the Commissioners. Ultimately the clauses were ordered to be printed, and the third reading fixed for Friday next. Colonel SIBTHOItP gave notice that ho would then move that the Bill be road a third time on that day six months. The House adjourned at One o'clock. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, APRIL 19.—Commander Von Donnop, lately mail agent in one of the Cape screw-vessels. bas been appointed to the command of her Majesty's screw vessel Vulcan, vice Master Commander Penn, super seded by the new regulation of the Admiralty, by which troop-ships are in future to be commanded by captains and commanders. The Echo, with two fiats in tow, proceeded to Cowes, this morning, to remove the depot of the 36th Regiment, 370 strong, to Southampton, en route to Pembroke. The Arethuse, 50 Captain Symonds, was towed out of harbour this morning by the Tiger steamer, with royal yards across, and joined the squadron at Spithead. The Tiger proceeded afterwards to test her engines and machinery along the measures mile. Tho Sampson steam-frigate, Captain Jones, has re ceived her crew on return from leave, and will be ready to go out to Spithead and join the squadron assembled there to-morrow. _ _ The Vesuvius steam-sloop, recently brought to this port from Plymouth, has been taken in the steam basin to make good defects. Wind, south; weather fine. DEYONPORT, APRIL 1 S.—Lieut. Stevens, of the Steam Reserve, has been appointed to take charge of the steam sloop Desperate. She has taken in two mouths' pro visions, powder, and other stores, and can be ready for sea at any hour should the Commander-in-Chief at Devonport give his powerful assistance. Sailed on Saturday morning the Devon, lighter, Bond, master, with Mr. Brown, second-master-attendant, and party, for Glasgow, to navigate the Brisk, steamer, from Glasgow to Devonport. Resistance, troop-ship, embarked a detachment of the 97th Regiment on Friday, and sailed on Saturday for Halifax. The sailing orders for the Pestongee Bomangee, con vict-ship, arrived this morning, and she sailed at one this day. Hauloaxe, lighter, Wood, master, is tailing in stores for the Comet, surveying -vessel, at the Isla of Skye, Scotland. She will return via Liverpool, to convey old stores to Devonport. We had a shift of wind yesterday afternoon, it having been east for seven weeks, with the exception of two or three days. Yesterday it shifted to south, and then to S.W., but very light. The whole fleet of wind-bound vessels got under weigh, above 200 in number. This morning it came in to north, a fine breez and has com pletely cleared the Sound, Catwater, Stonehouse Pool, So., of all the merchant vessels. In the Sound—Dauntless. In Harbour—lmpregnable, St. George, Leander, Magicienne, Vixen, Britomart, Sylph, Avon, Hotspur, Confiance. In Ilsmoaz 3—Camel, Tortoise, and Manouvrer lighters. APRIL 19.—The Rolla left the Sound this morning to renew her task of relieving the homeward•bound ships detained by the easterly winds in the chops of the Channel. The Nautilus brig, Lieutenant Dolling, which has been employed on the same service, has just made her numbers, and is coming into the Sound., THE MAGELLAN PIRATES. Great excitement prevailed at Valparaiso i n conse quence of the arrival of the Virago (her B r itannic co gm a- jesty's steamer) and Chilian brig of war Meteor, ac panying the American schooner barque Florida and Bri tish brig Eliza Cornish, with the revolutionists of the Magellan Straits. They all landed on the 24th. Cain biaso, the murderous leader, being heav ily ironed conducted in a birloche (cab), but loo ked very cool,, end amused himself by twisting his mo ustache and nodd in here are g to any chance acquaintance in the crowd. T 350 in all, 180 of whom were take n b y the Vi r ago from on board the Eliza Cornish in the Straits, the balance having been brought from Chiloe, where they had been taken to, while on board the Florida a counter revolu tion on board having mastered Cambiaso and his man, and delivered the vessel up to the Talbot, of the Eliza legitimate authorities. Capt ain Cornish, Mr. Cornish, p of the assenger, and son vessel's owner, Mr. Shaw, owner of the Florida, and eight other (including one woman), we re all shot in coo l blood, without any apparent cause but just to sati s fy Cambiaso's craving for blo c od. s soon as the news y, reached Valparaiso of the massacre on board these yes eels, a dispatch was sent to C o mmodore at Al'eaul e Callao, then on his way to Pana ma, who immediately w fri returned to the former p ort h a d been em plo toith the United States -v a lparaiso to Monte Video. Bete Raritan. These v esses yed Con vey the rebel troops from l When the Virago passed through the Str a i ts on h er formed the way from England to the Pacific, Carnbiaso plan of taking her, by inviting the officers to a banquet on shore, there giving them poisoned drinks, and sending poisoned provisions on board. Fortunately the apothe cary of the colony, to his honour and credit, positively refused to be a party to such an infamous aftkir, therefore, did noi 6hake him. Ere and the threat of being shot, this, Cambiaso and hie PliniOng have probably received weir doles% iQ. LITERLTURE. aucHAUD'S- .ELISTORY OF THE CRU SADERS. Translated from the French by W. Robson. 3 rag.— Vol. 1. Routhdge, Farring- dorh• street. Although it is the history of times long past, the chief actors in which are separated from us by ages, and many of whose, events seem enveloped in the " twilight of fable," still the record of the Crusades must be to all thinning minds an object of interest. Apart from their important influence over society, and their effect on the spirit of their generations, it is interesting as well as instructive to consider the motives that induced so many to forego their existence of comparative comfort at home to encounter the most toilsome and perplexed lives, and to run the chance of meeting with the most painful and linger ing deaths. Indeed, all the ills to which flesh is heir seemed arrayed against them. After passing through bnstile lands, after enduring shipwrecks and disasters at sea, they had to meet in the fiery desert troops of enemies to whom that scorching soil was native ground, and to whom that horning atmosphere was native air. Suffering was indeed the badge of all their tribes, from the first departure from the home they would never in all human probability revisit, till their final miseries and frequent deaths in the great and terrible wilderness in which there is no water. It is asserted by many writers, perhaps truly, that all were not sincere in their professions nor honest in their practices who were leagued together in the bands of Crusaders. Human nature was ever the same virtually, in all countries►, through every age, in whatever • undertakings there have been been, but it is certain that one of its brightest pages is that which chronicles the Crusades. It would be well if the present age, amid its worship of, gold and its cultivation of luxurious refinement, could exercise a little of that spirit of devotion and self-sacrifice which lighted up the doings of the heroes of antiquity, and drew down the acclamations of their greatest enemies. It was not zeal without profit that inspired them, nor was their enthusiasm entirely misplaced, since it has shown what man can do and dare, when actuated by a glorious cause. Human aspirations cannot look to higher, nor can human igenuity devise grandeur motives than those which propelled the Crusaders, and it has never been shown that any equalled them. The best proof is in the fact that nothing daunted them. If in troubles, they expected them ; if in want and priva tion, they bore their Master's cross ; if their friends fell away, they had gone before them to their great reward; and if cast into dungeons, the enterprise that imprisoned them led captivity captive; while the last trial that can await all was their crowning triumph. To conquer others is the motto of a warrior in life ; in death he must conquer himself. And who rose more superior to the King of Terrors than the cham pion of the Cross, over the gloomy horrors of the foreign grave, into which he would be flung by un hallowed hands after the flames of the stake and other torturing devices had done their worst ; he spread the spotless robes of martyrdom, and the scene of his ig nominy was made bright to his senses by a halo of glory caught from the opening gates of Paradise. If such could be endured for the cause, it was not a selfish, worldly one; and it is to be:questioned if those who decidedly despise it as of earth, earthy, would undertake so much themselves for the avowed cause of Heaven. It is always easy to find fault, and no thing is too great or good to escape ridicule ; but abuse is not argument, and many who criticise the faults of others are only endeavouring to parade their own cleverness. The pilgrimages to the Holy Land are over, bnt the pilgrims, to use the words of the biographer of Lord G. Bentinck, " they have left us the legacy of heroes, the memory of their great names, and the inspiration of their great examples ;" and it would be well, if on rising frum the perusal of their histories, we were to imbibe some of their energy, their patience, and their courage, to carry with us into the battle of life ; then, when assailed by our numerous trials, their spirit might inspire us to go and do likewise. TILE GREAT CITIES OF TILE ANCLENT WORLD. By Theodore Alvis Buckley, 8.A., of Christ Church. Routledge. A highly attractive and instructive work, presenting most forcibly to the mind of the reader the images of the great cities " in their glory and their desolation." It must be profoundly interesting to those who have studied the events and actions of distant ages to have the scenes where those events took place and those deeds were performed brought before them, not only as they are, but as they have been. Conspi c u ous among the list stand the names of Babylon, Palmyra, Jerusalem, Athens, and Rome. Others less known also find a place, such asTyre, Ephesus, Elis, Veil, and Scandinavia. The following is taken from the In troduction : " When we view the sand-buried monuments of Egyp . tian magnificence on their own site, or study the fiag meats which, thousand of miles away from the places they adorned for ages, form the greatest ornaments of our own museums; when we read of the convulsions of nature and the wars of men which have produced vast and sudden ruin, or when we examine the minute poly pus which has wrought as sure but more tardy destruc tion in Calabria, tha❑ its deadly predecessor the earth quake, we feel that even ' the worm and the moth' have their niche in the temple of history. What the head long sway of armed forces has spared, that the minutest things of earth have claimed for their own, and the same almost invisible agency that has partitioned the depths of the ocean with coral reefs has eaten away the well chiselled marbles that once bore witness to the pride of man's greatness. Did we seek to write history with perfect accuracy, how humiliating its details, how minute its subdivisions !" THE TRAVELS of ROLANDO ; or, a Tour Round the World. George Routledge and Co. A new edition of this work has long been called for. It includes travels in Morocco, Egypt, Arabia, the Cape of Good Hope, and Batavia, and many in teresting accounts of the customs and inhabitants of those countries are introduced. Wandering Arabs, snake charmers, Hottentots, elephants, lions and crocodiles are encountered, and numerous illustrations are given. It is translated by Miss Aiken, and newly corrected and revised by Cecil Hartley, A.M. It is an excellent combination of instruction and enter tainment, conveying valuable information under the form of exciting incidents and agreeable descriptions of foreign lands. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert, with their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, Prince Alfred, the Princesses Alice, Helena, and Louisa, and Prince Arthur, and accompanied by his Serene Highness Prince Leuplod of Saxe Coburg, left Windsor Castle at twenty minutes before three o'clock yesterday afternoon, for the station of the Great Western Rail way, in Windsor, where a guard of honour of the Cold stream Guards, with the band of the regiment, received her Majesty on her arrival with the usual honours. The Queen and Prince left by a special train, attended by the Countess of Desart, Lady Carolin e Barrington, the Hon. Eleanor Stanley, the Hon. Beatrice Byng, Earl Talbot, Colonel the Hon. C. B. Phipps, Hon. Joseph Denman, RN., Lord Colville, Colonel Francis Hugh Seymour, and the Master of th ea p ddington House hold. The august party were conveyed to. Captain the Albert and the which conveyed her Majesty and Princ where seven of the Queen's carriages we e re in readiness, the 7th Hussars forming the escort. Royal party to Buckingham Palace ; a detachment of fore four o' clock, ham Palace at twenty - fi ve minutes be fore H The Queen and Pr ince Albert arrived at Bucking ham and were received by the Master of the orse, the Lord Steward, the Lord Chamberlain, Lord George Lennox, and Colonel Wylde. al Highness Prince Albert, and Colonel F. Her Majesty tied his Boy Colville, and with their presence last accompanied by his Serene Ilighirss Prince Leopold of Saxe Coburg, and attended by_t e Countess of Desart, F re mantle, Chairman of the Board of H. Seymour, honouredEa r l evening. official residence in Down ye,r vaite his w with om CuSsitromTsh,ohmaadsan the Chancellor of the Mr. John Wood, ing-street. Chairman of the . Board of Inland Revenue, had also an int • erview with the Right Hon. Gentleman. Exchequer yesterdinat Lord Lyttelton had an interview • ton yesterday at the Colonial Office. with Sir J. Faking ton deputation from Burnham in terview yesterday with the General(Somerset) had an t h e ir o ffi ces, Whitehall. The deputation cons i s t e d o f Reed, Gunter, and Hobbs. Sir Thomas Gladston e h ad an intervi ew w i t h M r . Secretary Walpole Dispatch es were y e ster day at the Home -office. Sunday from ther ece ived at the Col on i a l. o ffi oe on Governors of Hong Kong Dispatches were received and Ceylon. yesterday fr om t h e G overnors of Canada an d o f the M auritius. Dispatches were sent yesterd ay Colonial office to the Governors of from the Gibraltar and Malta, the Lord High Commis s i oner o f the lonian Islands, the Governor of Ceylon, and the Governor of Hong-Kong. D UCEIY or CORNWALL.—A return printed by order of the House of Commons, showing the receipts and disbursements of the Duchy of Cornwall, for the year ended 31st December, 1851, includes under the head of receipts, among other items, 8,609/. 15s. balance at the bankers, to the credit of the account of the council of his Royal High ness the Prince of Wales, on 31st December, 1850 ; rents and profits of courts, 27,046/. 9s. 74d.; produce of the royalties of coal mines in Somerset, and royalties and reser vations of dues and rents of mines and quarries in Cornwall and Devon, 7,1421. ss. 11d. ; and annuity received from the Consolidated Fund under Ist aad 2d Vie., c. 120, in lieu of tin coinage duties, postgroats, and white rents, 16,216/. 155.; total receipts, 61,2721. 2s. 7d. The disbursements, amount ing in the whole to 53,593/. 16s. 2d., include, among other items, 39,902/. 10s. payments made to the trustees and trea surer of his Royal Highness; and 13,061/. 118.2 d. for salaries, superannuation allowances and annuities, donations and charities, law charges, tithes, rates, taxes, income-tax; _ a nd other incidental charges ; leaving a balance on the 31 t cember last of 7,676/. 6s. sd. f the DUCHY OF LANCASTER.—From a return ituiceN ° issued) it appears that the income, with 1) baeimas last Duchy of Lancaster in the year ending . 1 y;00/. was paid amounted to 35,9981.25. 9id., out of which papia ant s the to her Majesty's Privy Purse. After varieu (yesteray I balances were 5,2871. 3e. 41 FLEE TRADE. The prosperity of cur manufacturing towns is so pa tent and splendid a fact that nobody now has the har • dihood to dory it, unless it be in the draggling tail ref some maudlin rhapsody which the writer well knows :s too worthless for criticism. Take any men, women, cr children from any considerable town in the northern or • midland districts, and tell awns that the people are now unemployed, soarving, houseless, and miserable, and your hearers wiil set, you d own as a maniac broken loose from some _neighbouring asylum. But when we pass from the condit4s of the towns to that of the rural dies trietse we come at once' to a sphere where the greatest vicissitudes make comparatively little show. If yea drive through a prosperous manufacturing town, you see factories and new streets rising on all sides; crowds of well-dressed women and children passing to their work or their homes; new shops, new suburban villas and gardens—facts all vivid and significant as a poet or a painter would venture to describe . 01 the other hand, a rural village, whether in the height of prosperity, or in the depth (if adversity, present* much the same aspect to the casual speck ter. In neither case is it lik e ly to ex hibit ne w streets, new edifices, well. dressed crowds, showy shops, or any; ontOvard circuu.- • stances of happiness and wealth. Hence the `e is rather more latitude for opinion in measuring t h e p,•ogress of such a place, simply b ecause t h e proofs " are root 'dig subjecta fidelib'is; you have not the same palpab i? test. To this must be added that notorious disposin Qa to grumble, which is the invariable instinct of farmers, and which communicates itself in a greater or less degree to all classes connected with them. The landlord is alws„ 3 the most complaining of capitalists, and the labours.' the least satisfied of operatives. But as for the farmer, no course of the seasons, no combination of the eh - meats, no proportion of sun and rain, ever did or ever will satisfy him. So from him, at least, we may wait long enough before we shell find an explicit admission of prosperity. But even our rural population is now too prosperous to conceal its condition. The valued corresponds - tit to whom we have so often been indebted for painful re velations of the state of Dorsetshire, and other agricn'l tural counties, has lived to see, as he now infoms us, a delightful change come over that dreary scene. Even in that dark region of Protectionist squires and un protected labourers, he discovers, on a careful induc tion of all orders and classes, that nobody has to com plain of fre e tra d e. L andlords get the i r rents w i t h out the necessity o f permanent reduction; the c l ergy get in np s ea ge ce t in their ; theestablishedehari ttts and subscriptions; benevolence is not overwhelmed with demands; labourers fare better even with their wages in some in stances reduced ; tail wheat and " casualties," as the butchers call them, are not in such request ; boards :If guardians have not so much to do. • W h tux ever way yen took, the same agreeable symptoms meet the eye. Be it free trade or not, be it California, or emigration, or simply a kind Heaven, so it is in fact ; Dorsetshire is saved, and its great pattern squire, by a remarkable co incidence, finds himself in power just at a time when he has nothing more to say ; with his party in the ascendant, his cause is bankrupt, and the great patron of landowners, framework knitters, handloom weavers, and other distressed classes, has now nothing to do but convey to her Majesty the decisions of courts-nsartial. We are very far from asserting that free trade, and free trade alone, had produced all these gratifying results. In the skein of human affairs there are many different threads, and, if Providence seems to forward the development of the new policy,, it is not for us to disown that opportune aid. But this we must say, that when many circumstances of the national pres• perity can be directly referred to free, trade, and when the evils that were predicted have not come to pass; when manufacturers are prosperous, and agriculturists are not ruined; when artisans, mechanics, and labourers are all thriving,--:ehen we must claim a victory. If that be not allowed, then there can be no appeal to resnita i and no end of controversy. Our Dorsetshire correspon dent has brought the question to a very simple issue, so far as regards the, sinister auguries of Protectionist prophets. He asks that his county may be polled, and says that the labouring class will return eat almost unanimous verdict in favour of Free Trade. But even Mr. G. F. Young has at length crowned his long crusade by admitting the general prospe rity. He cannot deny it ; so he accounts for it after his own fashion. It is not owing to free trade, he declares, but in spite of free trade. It comes of the famine, of emigration, of California, of Australia, and wo know not what besides. We shall not venture now to disturb the serenity of the Hon. Gentleman's convic tions, or to mar the perfect squareness of his theory. Let us hope that he believes what he says. Happily, he has come to the same practical conclusion as the rest of his political friends. Whether " the big loaf," which he says will convert him when he sees it permanently secured to the labourer by free trade, or tome other more potent conaidera ration, has moved him, certain it it, that the last of the Protectionists, has now merged protection in the para mount necessity of a Conservative Administration. Here are the lest words of Mr. G. F. Young:—" Let me, then, solemnly conjure you at this crisis to take, as electors, the only course that offers a chance of averting the consummation of your destruction. If you begin now to reconstruct corn-laws and navigation-laws, and fixed duties and sliding scales, and diminution of burdens, and the thousand and one expedients with which friends perplex and enemies decoy you, be as sured you are lost. Divided and distracted, you will be defeated. Lord Derby's Government will be displaced. Lord John Russell, ' taking to himself seven other spirits more evil than himself,' will again be installed in power, and your ' last state will be worse than the first.' * * Again, thee, I say, select as candidates men whose character is a gua rantee for their honesty, and ask them now only the one question, ' Will you support the Government of Lord Derby?' It is too late to raise other points." Mr. G. F. Young is certainly taking the only possible course. Therein we commend his prudence. But we are not so sure that even this only possible course will give him the satisfaction he desires. Lord Derby, with protection, is intelligible.enough. Lord Derby, without it, is an enigma which neither his friends nor his foes have yet attempted to decipher, and Mr. G. F. Young evidently recoils from the task.—Times. TUESDAY but which I trust, are as- the smallest sum compered to what she must yet deilve.—(Beer.) Well, we have done 1 this without interfering with the relgi , m3 feciisgs of the i. , oohs. We have teltsn cßre that those who belong to the European - race should likewise have spiritual instruc tion and enlightenment.—(flee, hear.) We have done much, vv hateveransy be th e or i g i n o f, our power, to jus tify ourselves in maintaining our, rule over India. If I were to compare that rule with that which exists in other Eastern nations, if I were to cerup - are that rule with that which exists in Turkey, svitn that which is administered in Persia,.it is impossible pot to see baseness in the ad miinistratien, corruption. fin the offices of- Goverameut, civil war lind-riebellionesfrone which the people of -India h ave i n a• - great degree been saved by the rule which we: have est,blished. And as regards the Act of 1833, al though- suggestions may 15 . 6 imado- for improvement in particular,rhP:stisB:l9;nothar - remark, closely connected I•will not say.that no advantages. House.a re tobe derived from certain changes, yet I believe, in its great outlines, that A.et will - be preserved in the' Bill which her Majesty's Ministers will submit to this w e e p, I contend that although such a form of pvern teieth. g,tilivkeir loth er, nt: and of itheria." _upon upm t t h n e is oo e n u s h t .i r e u e e t , io i ri ,k a d . m eat—the converting a - trading company into the a dministration -of an > empire o f fif ‘tea m illions, and having that control by a Minister of the Sovereign a t home—ls a form of government which theoretically is liable to much criticism -under .adverse circumstances; - yet I must seyaia expite of that, the benefit of expe rience shows us that it is a government useful to the people of India.--(Hear; h eat -.) My Hon. Friend the Member for Montrose, speaking with the experience and with the weight whichproperly b elongs to him, ent i re ly approves of the ?node of gov ernment established in t hi s country for the affairs of Indi a , t h ough he says h e is disposed to wish' for some ismendeuent with respect to laceor war. Now must say, with ou t rever ting to , , w ith re tephe„optotwoetrnoaft d sti ec ti la eo ri t7 ng pence any particular instance, whether that discretion has been wisely used in that particul ar i nstance, I t hi n k a but t s not mu s t t o b b e e v c i o e n rr s e id d e w re i d th e r n e t g ir a e r ly d Ministers of th e C rown , than and i t i s far better, w hen a be solv e d, that i t shou ld be great subject . o g f u t e lT t t io k n i ,, n h d ta solved r i T o i a bn n y d t e i e t 4 t r i I, ft e e s t t i : du vt i_ i n kc ei E n od u f r i o tsE p te e o ; that the ultimate discretion should be left with the Etta India Company.—(Hear.) But 'when I say this, I sin , quite of opinion that the - general administratien of the affmirs of India should emanate,- not as the President of the Board of Control. seems to me to represent it, from the Minister of the Crown, but from the directors of the East India Company—that, with regard to all matters of finance, all matters of legislation, all matters of justice, they should give their suggestions and frame their instructions, . and that only the power ot approba -1 tion or objection should rest with the Minister.—(Hear, With this question, m too, h a 9 is to connected solved hear.) It is evident, - if such is the case, in most instances ' the opinion of the directors will be that which the Board of Control will be glad to approve, and practically the ' directors will be left unburdenedprb9yb governmenteh se considerations.of Itllndia, ia, bu t question again t — he (H qa ea es r ho b n ' o ar e .) patronage; and upon that , hear.) I quite agree with the Hon. Member for the University of Ox baefatal danger—to f t ww o h eh r e d i cce:ohnnwni, affectst° i o t t but u s t p iooillikpleot perceive ° l t a t a e h s iev i t r s: e c lt t y o h h u g a t i l i a t country.—(Hear, a : ' . i — t ( s El O e a r happened that the Ministers of the Crown should have the aenvtiererydsiesprioosuasl of all the revenues of India, so fay as government and this country.—(Dear, bear.) I think it most fortunate that a medium should have p tdt a iae t n r g o ec n ro a —n g s e itti tamurteilgohnctonhocefevrene,ni,t perhaps,would 1 c ety to the , sa f ety been found, ,by which rule over Ind ia is well pro vided, and there is, at the s ame time constitution of this country, and safety to that vast empire under . the sovereignty of the empire of the United Kingdom, without injury to the working of our constitutional and Parliamentary interest.—(Cheers.) I therefore, seeing- all these circumstances. should very much lament if I thought that the Right Hon. Gentle men opposite was about, either himself, or b y the means and agencies ot a Select Committe e, to p ro p o se any great change in the Government of I ndia. lam convinced e o v e ils ielaVG!ov9eurlnd not be abl e t o alter for the b etter. ment myself that although you might ch an g e, y ou might alter the without pri n c a : 1 4 I s outline ''rio s —(Hear, hear.) Indeed, I was happy to collect from the Right Hon. Gentleman the . President of the Board of Control such do general were his views, and that good and beneficial off: ts had . flowed from the Government of India as thus. administered.-(Hear, hear.) I am M convinced, under the present ode of government with respect to, that most important of all pointsenamelY, the selection of the Governor-General, who must have such vast poweF, and Must decide many questions before in structions can reach him—l euee persuaded, both from experience and from the natureof things, we have settled that question in such a manner,- that we do get to India men of the. greatest eminence and ability.—(Hear, hoar.) The present Governor-General has shown the greatest talents in the administration of Indian affairs-- (Hear, hear)--and the. speech of an lion. Gentleman to • night cannot but remind us that • a near relation of his conductecl i the. gov ernmeu t . during trials as severe and success aalgrrat, as ever occurred in India.—(Hear, hear.) Seeing that, I rejoice to think the appointment of this Cobarnittee; : whilo it -affords materials of legisla tion to Parliament, while - it may elicit many valuable suggestions, is. not likely to change the fundamental principle e of government in that country.—(Cheers.) . Mr. GOULBURN said if the motion was in any way to fetter the House as to its future determination, he would not suoport it. But hie Right Hon. Friend had clearly laid down the principle in his motion: first, as to what was the operation of the Act, and next what the House were to deduce from the information thus ob tained to guide them to their judgment as to the new measure which Government would propose for the ac- ceptance of the House. With that view he should give his cordial support to the appointment of a Committee. He should not have said a word on the question if he had not noticed in the course of the debate a studied omission of mention of one branch of the inquiry which he considered , was essential to ,the main subject. The matter had been altogether passed over by some Hon. Members, and hid only beets touched upon by his Hon. Friend (Sir Robert Inglis). One great branch of the inquiry he conceived ought to be to ascertain how far the Act of 1833 bad carried out proper means of reli gious instruction for the people of India. The inquiry ought to ascertain if those means had led to the favour able results Calculeted upon evhenthe Act was first intro duced, and whether they' had been commensurate to the extension of the Christian . religion throughout the large population of ludia. The Noble Lord had told the House we triad conferred great ad van t ages on I n dia by having a superior judicial system, and by extending the . benefits of education. But the Noble Lord, with a can (ion he thought it necessary to assume, but which was nut the feeling of his own mind, forebore to allude to one subject which he considered it was the duty of the House to keep constantly in sight. He referred to the means of giving the people of India religious instruction. He knew that great alarm was felt o n th e su bj ec t of the i n troduction of Christianity into India. It was supposed that excitement and insurrection would follow if Chris tianity were attempted to be introduced, but.circum stances had since come to light which had dispelled that opinion. In one of the oldest charters, that of 1698, it was specifically enjoined:on the Company, that wherever they settled or extended their sway they should not merely introduce a Christian- minister, approved of by the Archbishop of Canterbur , y, but that these ministers s hould learn the native languages' in order the better to convert the Gentoos and other inhabitants, and convert them to a purer faith. The great question was after wards put out of sight in consequence of events at home, but they had seen the importance of extending the bless sings we enjoyed to India, and he hoped, therefore, one of the objects of the Committee would be to suggest means of extending Christianity to India. It appeared to him, that if there existed any difficulty on the subject, ' that inquiry would expel It.-erea esear.) As far as inquiry was concerned, they had'now men- in this country com petent to give the ComMittee the very best informa tion on every branch of the subject. It had been urged on former ()cessions that the prejudices of the natives were such that any attempt to disseminate the principles of Chrietianity amongst them would be attended with nothing short. of insurrection. But in the recent go vernment of India it had been discovered that, without the aid of religion, many of those prejudices had been overcome; and one of the most meritorious of Indian officers bad bier enabled to induc e the natives to forego the revolting rite of suttee.—(H ear, hear.) He (Mr. Goulhurn) conceived India was not given to this country for the exercise of . its vanity, not to increase its wealth, or exhibit the valour of its arms; he believed there was a duty imposed upon this country—the high, moral duty of taking such measures as prud ence, combined with zeal, would justify, for the purßa se of extending over that heathen country the knowledge and the truth of the Christian religion.—(Heer, hear.) Sir Thotnas Munro said, ` 4 There is one great question to which we 'should look in all our arrangemente— aule , y, i what is to be the final result of Our Governoient on the character of the people, and whether that c haracter will b e ra i se d or lowered ?"—(Elear, hear.) He (Mr. Goulburn) as serted this country could"not fulfil the wishes and ob jects of that great statesman otherwise than by dissemi nating the truth of religion; and he trusted the labours of the present inquiry would prove that exertions were increased without any of the dangers being incurred which were heretofore anticipated.—(Hear, hear.) Sir H. WILLOUGHBY thought they were very de ficient in their informatiou of what passed in India. H e , fur instance, wou ld select finance. collected They kn ew very well that a great revenue wasa India—some -1 thing from 18,000,0 001 . to 24,000,0001 . ; but it was a had melancholy fact that the expensesr_increased in a. ) There was still greater proportione -- ( .11 ' couldgive •no autho rised officer, unfortunately , who information to the House on the subject..ou Therefore ld he thought the Pre,ident of the Board of Control ah annually make "originally intended ; and an Indian budget, as was s _ , ,_, who should also be able , to i'XPlairiViwhatever enanges might take place.—(Hear.) The mutilationdispatches was another matter that should be abolished, and which could not be well accomplished untilthey had a respon sible officer to deal.with.—(Hear.) Mr. MANGLES could n ot concur in the observa tions of the Right Hon. Genet _ Gentleman the Member fur the gr. Goulburn) that the University of Cambridge ( ld take part in the Go vernment of this country ellen . . reli giousfact of their doing so would affairs, as the • very view. the only baffle the object they bad in business of the Government was to hold the scales_thee,os, evenly , to allow fair play to the dissemination of tei Pei to protect troth to have i . ts Wa Y. — (fies ) the missionary, and allow aof election deterredable and thought the present moue and experienced men on their return from India from rs, It would be seeking a place on the Board of Directo rs, a great improvement if some means were devised by which gentlemen could be admitted members of that board without the degradation of .a. personal canvass amongst a mis ce ll aneous body of ind ividuals. —.ye . ear. ) The SPEAKERtben pat the question, and the motion was agreed to. IRELAND. DUBLIN, APRIL 19.—A long and angry correspou• deuce has passed between the Hon. Member for Kerry. Mr. Morgan John O'Connell, and persons acting in the name of the Liberal electors, the upshot of which as that Mr. O'Connell will not be a candidate for that county at the next election. The candidates for Loath are Mr. Chichester For tesque, Mr. J. M'Clintock, and Mr. R. M. Bellew. In his address to the electors, Mr. Bellew promises to vote for Mr. Crawford's Tenant -right Bill. The editor of the Dundalk Democrat publishes the official notification which he had received that a nolit prosequi had been entered in thefor pr seditious libel. Ry..L AsNi Siena ReevesT l E a A n : M R :. E B u . n ii , the DRV some tmen is o u r nd h e a re s ta ce nd a i s n e g d , n to ot a a p a pe y a e r t cl e a rly h betwe en Mr . eenix t Tl i nl b ilae l ir i nno s te h ud l n g e n nt 3.h The manager, however, has secured the , st w p h o o pu a l p a p r e v a o r e e a d lis i t a s s , t M e i v s e s n L in o g uis in a Bohemian Girl. Miss Fyne triumphantly sustain.d a - M t* r o . ° II a o r u r r i s m o n o high reputation, proving that her voice is fully equal her to a larger arena than she has heretofore been heart' in. Last night she elicited enthusiastic admiration by Ler seesrvicesnodf brilliant execution, the purity and sweetness of her voice p rir and the delicacy and spirit of her acting. Mr. Harrison was hailed in his old part of Thaddeus with vehement plaudits. The opera was very powerfully cast. Mr. Whitworth, Mr.Drayton, Mr. Manvors, and Miss Isaacs, being the representatives of the other characters. The enjoyment of the audience was unbounded, and the house extremely well attended. The manager is making in defatigable efforts to keep up Old Drury, and it is rosll, incumbent on the playg o i ng wor ld "t o g i ve hi m a li- This evening Fid e li o i s announce d , i n or d er to introdul 1 01 Madlle. Falconi, the celebrated soprano. ROYAL MARIONETTE THEATRE. Some Ethiopian Marionettes were introduced here last night, and treated the audience to a regular negro serenade. Upon the curtain being drawn up, the per formers were discovered seated with their instruments, and their conductor or manager, Mr. Lignum Varuun, after a few words of introduction, called for an overture, which was followed by several songs and dnetts, accom panied by instrumental performances. The ebony choir performed to admiration, the little figures playing in ad mirable time; while the unseen instrumentalists and vocalists discoursed moat eloquent music. One very im portant improvement was discernible, or rather we should say undiscernible, with these newly imported figures, namely, the total want of those two visible wires which, if necessary, are certainly a disfigurement to the other figures. The American Marionettes promise to prove a great accession to the troupe o f this elegant theatre. p er f orme rs ,i$ DEATH By DROWNING.—On Friday, evening last a painful excitement was created at Oxford by the an nouncement that two young men, named Arthur Wyse'' shopman to Mr. Evans, and George Perrott, shopman to Mr. Oliver, linendrapers, of this city, had been drowned 1 _ Sandford Lock, by the sinking of a boat in which they,. w'r,' three other companions, had been to Naneham. By the tini ass i s t an ce which was afforded by several persons near tf_ .t e ' r ; spot at the time of the accident three of the paortYY4,. rescued from their perilous situation ; but the e t v w ery spv ficunt named young men perished, notwithstandin was used to effect resuscitation by Ur. Ley., res%de m ilt r. l i r g i r k 2 at the Littlemore Asylum, and his ass's r d t r i o this city, and Perrott, who was 20 years of age, belongenege, died about his father, who was servant at TrinityA 0 and was the son Christmas last. Mousey was 23 vapour baths, Dragoons [ADVERTISEMENT. j --- , Ointment and Pills by Hollow ,..— cared of Rheumatism —_ tch ar m s y, states that Hollow& ea This officer, who is in the u of a farmer living in DeivonsAliireL.YiecuOt.rerfnho herad en mo J t ma ° t e m i r s ofell a g. . ew dh i taking 2: as sure remedies, did him any good, u h h pr i e s e juncture t m in o e f u ti t • b doctor, after several months' trial, and the treatment neither sea bathing, peered to be incuraitubnted P a was il r ls w p a r i e n th p d o a u O r t a i tio t e n:s e , s : hl s e li 0 ...e complaining h ice a day, whic e ffe c tually cured him in the course of parts tw - The truth of this statement can be vouched f six weeks. s t man of Bois- or . fi. J. B. tra , dt - Duc.—Sold by all Drug by ' • Professor ,',t,, and atHolloway's Establishment, 244, Strsad. London.i and rubhinAeatsctt these pills, EXTRAORDINARY TAKE OF PIRE.—On Monday last three gentlemen belonging to Derby went out to ball' a day's sport at pike lashing near Burton-on-Trent. The Cay was fine and the sport admirable, as may b e guesse d from ti fact, that one of th e fi sh caught was not less than forty-two' inches in length, weighed upwards of 251 b., while anothel was fully 121bs. in weight; and both were in excellent con at dition. They were caught, we understand, in the water the back of illadou Castle.—Derby AlircgrY.