The Sun. — London, England, 1852-08-07 00:00:00

Xbttton+ FRAN CE. In consequence of a statement that appeared in ome of the papers relative to the promotion to the aignity of Marshal of France of a certain number of general officers, a notice was published in the Moniteur a few days since denying that statement, on the ground that the general officers spoken of had not fulfilled the conditions required by the regulations of the army— the principal of which is, commanding in chief in the field against the enemy. With that condition it would be difficult, in time of peace, to fill up the vacancies that may occur. The notice in the Moniteur was, it is said, occasioned by a demand on the part of a gene ral officer who has made himself remarkable during events of recent occurrence. The reply to that de mand was the publication the next morning of the nottee in question. Since then it has been stated that there is some idea of creating an intermediate rank between that of Lieutenant-General, or General of Division, and Field-Marshal—full Gene ral in fact, with the capability of an extensive and into execution command. If the idea be carried execution it is believed that General de Castellan, who now commands the important division o f which Lyons is the centre, will be the first named. General Castellan forms one of the few remaining links that connect the modern wi&h the old army of the Em p ire. The Journal des Debats contains a letter from M. de Coninck, announcing that the wheat and rye har vest and the bean and potato crop will produce less than a fair average this year, and recommending the French Government to make a change in the existing absurd corn-laws. SWITZERLAND. The Basle Gazette publishes the following report of the proceedings in the National Council on the 3d inst.:-- " The order of the day was the discussion on the peti tion of the popular meeting of Poesieux. M. Escher, reporter of the committee to which it had been referred, said, The political agitation and the petitioning, in t he canton of Friburg, are the renewal of the political struggle which we considered to be at an end with the Sonderbund. The constitution ofs one Fri burg, the basis of which is perfectly leg al, of the most liberal in Switzerland, and t he Govern ment, by which it is faithfully and zealously execut e d, is entitled to praise. M. Charle himsel f voted a t the people. a time that the Constitution of Friburg shou ld i.o b e submitted to the approbation of the P Schw tz Con stitution of Friburg of 1831, as well as those of Zug, St. Gall, an d Neuchatel, and the anter ior constitu tions of Soleure and Basle Country contain clauses rela tive to the mode of revision similar to those of the present Constitution of Friburg, which its opponents are attempting to discredit. The members of the Com mittee of Poesieux were for the . most p art _ the warmest to partizans of the Sonderbufntdhoin hypocritical easy when e m uyPuical preachers understand the lacg, ll ,g_ e „ : _ o n, of peace and conc il i at i o n, e they sa y, Who. ever is not with usagain s t us: M. Allet, a deputy , wt Valais, said—' It is desired, in the n ame o f a pretended ra ison d'etat to keep the people of F r ib urg t - in leading-strenge, under the pretext of securin g to them their liberty. I accordingly move the following resole tion:--" Whereas, the right of the sovereign people to give themselves a constitution is inalienable ' - wherea s tha t democratic principle, recognised by the Federal Constitution, has been always applied, as respected guaranteed cantonal constitutions ; and whereas,t he article 4th of the transitory c l auses o f the Federal Constitution guaranteed, it is true, the constitutions in vigour without suojecting them to the for malities required by the article 6th, but no wise impaired impaired the prin c ipl e o f th e r i g ht of people to give themselves a constitution. The Federal Assembly decrees—ln compliance with the pe tition of the Committee of the Meeting of Poesieux, held on the 24th May, 1852, by the people of Friburg, who complain of impediments to the free exercise of their sovereignty, the Federal Council shall adopt the neces sV measures to enable the people of Friburg to express themselves freely on the expediency of the revision of their Constitution?' One of the representatives of that eanton, added M. Allet; lately said that in Friburg it was not the cantonal authorities who governed, but the Fe deral Assembly. A Government which is obliged to bargain with the people for its rights is very near its downfall.' "M. Druey next delivered a long speech, which he concluded by moving the order of the day on the peti tion, lest it might be said that the Confederation was aivancing to its ruin by consenting to treat with a simple committee. Messrs. Lasser and Schwerzaian sup ported the proposition of M. Al let. M. Lasser bitterly criticised the acts of the Government of Friburg. M. Bussard defended the Government. M. Dopples ulti mately moved the adjournment of the discussion to the 4th, which was agreed to." ITALY. The Risorgimento of Turin having stated in some of its Roman correspondence that a young lonian having died at Rome, the Pontifical authorities had not only refused to have him buried in consecrated ground, but at last ordered the body to be thrown into a desert place, after it had been without burial seven days, the Giornale di Roma officially contra dicts the statement in the following terms :—" ThiA recital off-rs precisely 'he same appearance of truth as another late article of the same Piedmontese paper, in which it assures its readers, ' that. as to the civil marriage law, it produced no sinister impression upon the mind of his HOLINESS, when known at Rome.' " The following from Rome appears in the Consti tutionnel:— " A letter from Rome of Juiy details tails of the recent discovery or a long list .v f 31 gives u some c on. suitrators paid by the revolutionary committee and t London, and residing in Lombardy, Tusc any,_ t h e Roman States. It appears that the Con su l of Austria at Genoa having karned the death in t hat city of an a Lombard by birth, sent to have the seals placed on his property. It was when the seals were taken cff that it was found that he was one of the paymasters of the said revolutionary com mittee, charged by it to keep up by means of hard cash, the love of their country and of national inde pendence, amongst the enthusiastic republicans of Italy. The mode of carrying on the correspondence was also discovered—being by means of silk handkerchiefs, the colours of which disappeared after a chemical washing, the writing being brought oat by the same operation. Onr correspondent announces that, in consequence, va rious arrests have taken place at Ferrara, and that, amongst the persons arrested in Lombardy, was an officer. who, after his first interrogatory, strangled hims;all with the three fingers of his right hand forced into /As throat. As to the formation of a political arra7, our correspondent states that one condition for the raising of a body of 18,000 or 20,000 men would be an accord on the subject between France and .a.ustria, and next, funds for the purpose. But unfor tunately the budget lately published by M. Galli offers nothing very consolatory -8-oving a deficit of two millions of crowns, or upwards of ten, millions of francs. plus, one millions of crowns for the coat of the Austrian army. that is an annual deficit of upwards of 15 millions i n a ll. In terminating his letter, our correspondent in forms us that, in addition to the million of crowns at the t h e Roman Government fo r t h e cost of the Austrian army, charge of Austria has lately appli e d f or an indem nity, the precise amount of which is unknown, for the eon of the war, but on which that power has certainly received an instalment." GREECE. --- Accounts from Athens of the 25th ult. state that he Minister of the Interior had resigned, and that it s believed that the QUEEN, who was carrying on th. Government as Regent during the KING'S ab sence, woald nominate M. PALAMIDES his successor. Ttm Bill relative to the nomination of bishops had beet adopted by the Senate. —-- ---- ----- ----- ---- 'ORSAY TFIE DEATH OF COUNT D • Tine Count had been ill for a long time trom an affi . ction, it is t-aid, of the spine, which caused intense svaering, but it was only lately that his life was con r.idered in danger. His physicians ordered him to Diepp e , but his health, instead of improving there, Mme much worse, and on his return to Paris some s sinc e no h ope was enterta i ne d o f hi s reco very, cease of the lungs having been added to the nti .. p u t i r e m a alady. Few men, not from their position thea tuunortacters, have been more before the public d'Orsay, and few men in his position have 811°Y 'a greet e not, merely a r accon3plishments. Count d'Orsay was , a ti , ,, o d n:easablitel7 : rui a tt n er. of fashion, he was a first-rate artist In London, some of his produc tion oven l u x and a sculptor excited the admira arts, and his coutr.iaost eminent professors i n th ose imagination and r i l u ltions to the press evi nce d b ot h became ac qua i nted 411:nt. In England the Count soon after the 'mini Prince Louis Napoleon, and he fixed his own r of the Prince in Fr ance spoken of sever a l ti °s for in Paris. He was ilfied, b ut t h e Princediplomatic office, for which he was well President finally selecteVa which his peculiar attainments anind for a post for eminently qualified him. withslie refined taste so lajindsom e Superintendent of the Fine Artsappointed salary, but he was not fated long to eLi j a o of the appreciation in which he was hoe this mark ofy yester day Napoleon. M. de Girardin, in the Presse cozier; day evening, in announcing the death of the szyl,,_.4 The regret which this death causes d'Orsay, will be deeply felt by all the numerous friends of the de ceased in France and in England ; in all ra n k s of %eh -Ay and ail classes of politicians. In London, open to all political exiles ' l. ' 3 House was always whether they L o u is B o naparte or Louis' to sill Blanc— were cul?d the illustrious in shipwrecked of fortune, and to all A • , In Paris he had only a vast iz art ar.. science. in the name studio, of. but whoever knocked. at his . door ragement of prornaufortune, or for the aid . and encou fr.ble reception ansfl, was sure to meet with an co-operation.af- Before the 2d of December receiv© cordial mad greater. or forer nobody more reiterated efforts course and of the highest policy of a dal a ft e r the 2d of December no man exertedf more to assuage the stroke of proscri ption.himself Pierre vu- LIE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY pont knows this, and can certify it. The President of the Republic had not a more devoted and sincere friend than Count d'Orsay, and it is at a moment when the Prince bad attached him to his person by the title and functions of Superin tendent of the Beaux Arts that he has lost him for ever. This is an irreparable loss for the arts and for artists ; but it is a still more irreparable loss for the cause of truth and for the President of the Republic ; for palaces have only two doors open to truth—the door of friendship and the door of adversity—of friendship, which is to adversity what lightning is to thunder. Invisible justice—equal justice to all--the justice of which death holds the scales—counts days when it does.not measure gifts. Alfred d'Orsay was too highly gifted—a warm heart and elevated mind, a pure taste, antique beau • y, athletic strength, incom - lied para ble address in all the exercises of the body, l ied tes t a ble aptitude in all the arts to which he a pp himself (drawing, painting, sculpture)—Alfred d'Orsay bad too many gifts for his days no t to be parsimoniously reckoned. Death has been inexorable, but it ha 3 been just. It bas not allowed him to become a common man. It has not taken him --it has chosen him."—Galignani. ____—..... MINING INTLLIGr.ENCE. (From the Mi n ina Journal of this da y .) Except for those paying E - v s a o nc to e tb s u , s fo b r een wh b ic u h ueu th a e n r y e has been a fair demand, the mdiavrikdee nd fluftbarTehseinontlbye United de utoinneostic(eGiwsothnennpsu)ddfrennmad2 eve s, an the three others sharesnumberof have certainty of intersecti n g from 500 buyers been sold during the week to 575 each, at which there are in Cornwall as well as in London. Sdeirtabille South Tolgus has advanced from 180 to 190; East Tolgus, 20; Tavy Consols, sto si. In other shares but few transactions. At Wheal Basset bi-monthly meeting, on Tuesday, the accounts showed -Ore money (less dues), 6.9081. 3s. 9d. -Labour cost for May and June, 2,2704 Is sri.; mer chants' bills, 7581. Os. Id.: showing profit, 3,8791. 13s. 3d.; and balance last account, 1,403/. 19s. ld., makes 5,2831. 12s. 4d.-deduct balance of cost at south mine, 2651. 13s. 4d.; dividend, 3,8401.: leaves balance to next account, 1,1771. 19s. A dividend of 154 per share was declared. At the Fenton Pottery Coal and Ironstone Mining Company's meeting on Thursday, the accounts showed, on the last six months' working ending 30th June, a profit of 3531. Is. 2d. A dividend of 10 per cent., free of income-tax on the paid-up capital of the company, was declared,payable on the 23d instant. At Consols Mines meeting, on July 28, the accounts for May and June showed-Balance from last account, 3,509/. ls.; costs and merchants' bills, 4,8761. Os. 10d. =8,385/. ls. 10d. By ores sold, 5,0501. lls. 10d.: leaving balance against adventurers, 3,3441. 10s. The Tresavean Mine accounts for May and June showed-Balance from last account, 408/. 13s. 4d.; costs for May and June, 2,0521. Ils. 7d.=2,461Z 45. 1 Id. -By ores sold (less dues), 1,300/. 3s. 3d.; sundry credits, 3591. 181. 10d.; arrears of call received, 601. 6s. 4d.: leavinemlance against adventurers, 7401.165. 6d. At Lewis Mines annual meeting, on Saturday, the ac counts showed-Costs for twelve months, ending April, 14,633/. 172. 2d.; dividend in July, 1851, 500/ ; direc tors attendance, 200/ ; London management, 2001.; au ditors, 4/. 45.=15,5381. is. 2d.-Balance, last account, 3151. 17s. 4d.; black tin sold, 14,4541. 86.; copper ore, 2051. 2s. 7d.; arsenic. 55/, ss. 6d.; old materials, 71. 12s. Id.; interest and discount, 781. 13s. 4d.; leaving balance to next account, 4211. 2s. 4d. At Tavy Consols bi-rnonthy meeting, on Tuesday, the accounts showed-Balance last account, 4011. 175.; May cost, 671. 12s. 4d.; June ditto, 671. Os. ld.; petty cash, 61. 19s. 2d. ; merchants' bills, 2001.95. 10d.=7431. 18$. sd. Ore bills, 1621. lls. Bd.: leaving balance to next account, 5811. 6s. 9d. At Steen Callen Lead Mines general meeting, on the 29th July, the accounts showed a balance of 1491. 175.2 d. in favour of the mine. At a general meeting of adventurers in Wheal Vic toria, on Monday, the accounts showed—Calls, 3,5001.; interest, 181. 17s. 7d.=3,5181. 17s. 7d. Purchase of lease and buildings, including preliminary expenses, 1,5001 ; office expenses, management, &c., 1151.; work ing costs and materials, 1,6601. !4s. 2d.; sundry pay ments, 160/. 9s. 2d.: leaving a balance of 82/, 14s. 3d. A call of 2s. 6d. per share was made. . At a general meeting of adventurers in Caradon Wood Lead Mine, on Monday. the accounts showed — Calls, 3,7501.; interest, &c, 17/.ls. ls. 7d. Purchase of lease, &c., 7501 . ; office expenses, manage. went, &c., 151/. ss. working costs and materials, 2,5681, Os. 5d.; sundry payments, 147/. 2s. Id.: leaving balance, 1501. 13s. 7d. A call of ls. sd. per share was made. _ _ The Oakment Consols Mining Company (Devon) for merly known as the Forest Mining Company, having recently obtained leases of this valusble property, held their first meeting on Thursday; and from the spirited way in which they have taken up the working, there appears little doubt of the success which must attend this enterprise, and which is fully borne out by the re ports before us from Captains William Heath and Jona than Davey. A call of ss. per share was made, which was readily responded to. At Wheal Sidney meeting, on the 22d of July. the accounts showed-Costs for March, 189/. 185. 6d.; April, 1691. 16e. 4d.; May, 221/. Os. 9d.; June, 2191. 3s. Id.; merchants' bills, 89/. ls. 2d. 8881. 195. 10d.-Balance last account, 160/ 9.. Id.; call, 5031. 135.; received on restored shares, 891 lOs. 4d.; leaving a balance to next account, 135/. 7s. sd. A call of lOs. per share was made; 2i per cent. discount to be allowed on all paid on or before July 30. At Wheal Robert bimonthly meeting, on the 29th of July, the accounts show( d-Purebase of mine, 6001.; received on calls, 1771. 10s. =-- 7771. 103.-Paid premium for lease and engrossing, 600/. 85. 61.; secretary's ex penses to first meeting, 101 10s.; cost of assignment and stamping deed, 31. 14e.; costs sheets for June, 431.55. ld. ; leaving balance to next account, 1191. 12e. 5d., which with arrears of calls due, 221. 101., makes 1424 2s. sd. assets, against 1/. 15s. 3d. liabilities. A call of Is. per share was made. At Bell and Lanarth Mines meeting, on Monday, the accounts showed a balance in favour of the company of 454 19s. lid.; and to carry on the future operations a call of 1/. 10s. per share was made. During the week, shares have changed hands in Devon Great Consols, Alfred Consols, United Mines, West Caradon, Merllyn, South Tamar, South Tolgus, West Providence, Tremayne, Brewer, Condurrow, Golden, Clive, Cubert, Great Bryn, East Tolgus, West Alfred, Cwm Daren, St. Aubyn and Grylls, Cupid, Langford and Baring, Trebel!, Wheal Fortune (South Ta,wton), Great Wheal Tonkin, Inney Consols, Lamherooe, Wheal Robert, Augusta, Tavy Consols, Hennock, East Tamar, Hingston Down, Duke of Cornwall, West Polgooth, Great Baddern, West Wheal Edward . , Black Craig, East Alfred, Union Tin, Wheal Elizabeth, Beacon, Biaen Caylen, Wood, New East Crowndale, Sarah, Christow, Exmouth and Bridford, Chypase, Bottle Hill, Tineroft, Bell and Lanarth, Carvannal, fywardreath, Coraford, Reeth, and Mining Company of Ireland. In Foreign Mines, the transactions have been in Cobre, Imperial Brazilian, St. John del Rey, United Mexican, and Linares. THE GOLD REGIONS. Advices have arrived by the Stebonheath from Port Phillip direct, about a fortnight later than those last received via Sydney, namely, to the 22d April. It appears that the production at the mines was steadily increasing, and was now estimated at 100,0001. per week, or at the rate of more than 5,000,000/. per annum for tbis colony alone. The present vessel has brought about 60,000 ounces, valued at 2 30,C00/.; and the Vanguard, which sailed a few days previously, but which has not yet arrived, took 17 ,490 ounces, or nearly 70,0001. worth. The quo tationeo was 60s. to 61s. per ounce. Great complaints tinued to be made of the prevalence of crime, uaaanta th e territorial te r 0 f 1851 owing Land, d to the influx of convicts from Van Diemen's t u i many of whom were among the most success _ peo p l e at the mines. Rain had begun to fall at ltisoo.rfa.sylexna,nder, but not so as to increase the faci lities and in the other districts it was still delayed. "The of the public revenue of the colony cre ated both soisfa-tatsio for the quarter h ag just been issued, and had being 35,592/., public revenue of the ll goods. s m the d ut i es a su n c a ou n e d arl s y urprise, the increase year. Much of this arose n whole corresponding d i e 13i:en:I:at: quarter q uarter o es t n h n e s o w p f irits, tobacco, and foreign th rdin te a r r r y itorial revenue, likewise, there aug mentation. For the corr w es ea. p ssp o the total of that revenue was 9,13:1 156,8271., the chief items of increa.stehebireinnlwitihiet land s sales, which amounted to 95,248/. ; which produced 48,597/. ; and the gold eaeorteewnhcieesh' produced 4,4891. The rate for bills on England was about 8/ to 10 per cent. discount. Subjoined is a some clear details of the general state o f letter aff ai rs givin g " MELBOURNE, APRIL 14.—1 n my last letter 1 inti mated ha e accomplished,sitingtlaegoldfield making t sin compae he y with m m r y . _ in ten tion ...... , w which detour by Mount Alexander, and coming down by Bal. ClaormatmoinseGioeneelro,sugte.ntsTahteFdoirsetasnt c c e re fr e o k m , w M hi e c l h bo is ur a n t e pr t e o se th n e t the centre of the diggings, is 75 miles; but Bendigo Creek, acme 16 or 20 miles further on, which is a more recent discovery, promises to be even still more productive and extensive. The total population at the diggings is estimated by the Chief Commissioner at about 35.000, but a considerable portion is migratory, and not half that number of licences are issued. " The present weekly product) can not be under 30,000 oun ces , or about 100,000/. in value, as the Go ve un rn e m e ent escort alone now bri ngs down about 2 0 000 o a, independ en t o f t h e l arge quantit y conveyed privately. " From the Pos'-offi th c e e b t e o d the river Ladden, a distance n a g nd en sl v o e p .r e e s d of w of six or tb se e v e e p n p in ea i r k ale of bei ng preaent figliprivaion, and interspersed with miserable lo r r a ae b s l te series Cs m r 6 small titic molehilis eLt ' of every descr ' iption, the occupants of which have a dust, sore y appearance, from exposure, being the c u o n s i t v c o r f s a e l • v e ry squalid, unhealth y "The road now,areveryeyebsad, valeta. a ly rr p ia re e from Melbour ne people are of opinion that from 22/. to 251. a ton, but most g month, they pawn that when the rain falls, in about will be all ,but • a hensions are entertainedimpassable, and serious appre hensions mouths. of a scarcity of food during the "The gold is found both i a quartz vein having been in deposit and in the matrix, struck a t about 20 or 30 feet below the surface, and tr aced for some distance, which is worked successfully with no other tools or machinery than pickaxe, hammer, and tin dish. It has also been found in deposit in various strata of alluvial earth, clay, and gravel, and even below the trap rock, leaving little room to doubt that the supply is not likely to be soon exhausted, while the Ilitta-Mitts fields, near the boun dary of the colony, on the Murray, are still all but untried. Neither skill nor capital have yrt been em ployed, and the result hitherto attained has been by the rudest and simplest means. .6 flow long this is to last is the question. Most peo ple seem to think that it will be a length of time before the riches of the surface are exhausted, and if so, it is certain that the ordinary occupations of life will be ne glected, and that the present scarcity of labour will con tinue to be experienced. I, however, cannot help in clining to the opinion that these gold fields, like others that have preceded them, will gradually become less productive, end only yield their treasures to enterprise, skill, and capita). Until this happens the relations of this life will never be established here; and the sooner this takes place the better for the colony. There are a few thousand men at work at Ballarat, but this is now quite a secondary field, both in extent and richness. " The people at the diggings are on the whole very well behaved, but this is in no small degree attributable to the measures taken to prevent the inordinate use of spirits—for scenes of excess and riot are of daily occur rence in Melbourne and Geelong, and crime is very pre valent—the organization of the police force being quite inadequate for its suppression. The robbery of the Nelson, in harbour, i 4 the most daring act that has yet been committed, though cases of less importance against both person and property are very frequent; but on the whole, considering the motley nature of the population and the impertect means of control, the smallness of the amount of crime is perhaps rather to be wondered W h ,. e The St. George has arrived from Sydney, w hence s_ sailed on the 4th of April, with 13 , 329 ou nces of gold, valued at 53,2001. Her advices were anticipated by the last arrival, which brought dates from Sy dne y to t he 7th April. - _ COUNTY LUNATIC ASYLUMS. Institutions of the above description are at length deemed so preferable, as to render their adoption very general throughout the kingdom. Among the many which have been recently erected, that for th Co e unty of Bucks, for its style and general arrang e ments, appears deserving some public attention. It stands on a commanding and salubrio us site, the north side of an extensive valley,from whence the Chiltern Hills may be seen in the distance. This spot is about 3 miles fro m m Aylesbury,on . i the high road to Oxford. T he atyle, froa design by Messrs. Wyatt and Brandon, t he architects , s plain but neat, and may be termed the "Late Domestic." .The exterior teeing is of red brick ( made in the loca lity), in which every care has been taken to h p ed withreserve unitormity in colour, with a dental cornica finis Bath stone. The few pretensions to ornament are in that portion of the front contiguous to the highoad r, rind consist of a circular headed gateway leading to an inner court, and which support an entablature and enclose two recessed porches, the whole of which present a very neat and interesting appear- tpne!. The principal front of the su p erintendent ' s is similarly relieved, and is in the centre of a long range of apartments for the tranquil and convalescent patients, who are thus appropriately afforded a southern aspect. The form of the building resembles the letter E, the the principal front is in length about 556 feet, and whole building may be said to stand on the block of three acres and a half, or thereabouts. The buildings for the refractory are in one story, and for the tranquil and convalescent on the next story, will be placed the paralytic as where ttlo we ll as epileptic. Every arrangement has been made for the due clas?lfica tion of all, while in the asylum department provisions i made for 200 patients. Altogether th ere are fourteen corridors and 124 apartments, inclu din g the cells, dor mitories, lavatories, bath-rooms, &0., &c. ; the whole are lofty . and of appropriate dimensio ns. A considerabl, portniti of the corridors and low er floors are laid' with Orsi and Armari's paten t metallic lava, and the ceilings and floors throughout ar e rendered fire proof under the direction of Messrs. Fox and Barrett. Great attention has been paid to the warming an d ventilation, and the whole will be lighted with gas manufactured on the premises. The entire cost will be about 2 8,0001. Since the commencement o f operations in July, 1850, the works have rapidly progressed under Messrs. H. and B. Holland, the general contractors, and would have been completed earlier, but were d elayed through an in sufficient supply of water; this difficulty was, however, at length overcome by e xtending the borings of the well to a depth of 568 feet from the su r face, by which a pure and ample supply can now be obtained. THE LONDON GAZETTE, Aug. 6. FOREIGN-OFFICE, AUG. 3, 1852. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Benjamin Abraham Franklin as Consul in Jamaica for his Majesty the King of Denmark. CROWN -OFFICE, AVG. 4. MEMBERS RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PARLIAMENT SUMMONED TO BE HOLDEN AT WESTMINSTER, ON FRIDAY THE 20TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1852. County of Somerset (Eastern Division)—William Miles, Esq., of Abbotsleigh, in the said county ; William Francis Knatchbull, Esq., of Babington. in the same county. Western Division—Charles Aaron Moody, Esq., of Kings don, in the said county ; William Henry Powell Gore Lang ton, Esq., of Newton Saint Loe, in the same county. City of Bath—George Treweeke Scobell, Esq., Captain R.N., of High Littleton, in the said county; Thomas Phinn, Esq., barrister-at-law, of the Inner Temple, London. City of Wells—The Right Hon. William Goodenough Hay ter; Robert Charles Tudway, Esq. Borough of Taunton—The Right Hon. Henry Labouchere ; Arthur Mills, Esq. Borough of Bridgewater—Charles John Kennys Tynte, Esq. ; Brent Spencer Follett, Esq. Borough of Frome - Lieutenant• Colonel the Hon. Robert Edward Boyle, of Hill-street, Berkeley-square, London. AuciusT 6. Citv • of London—John Masterman, Esq.; the Right Ho nourable John Russell, commonly called Lord John Russell ; Sir James Duke, Bart; Lionel Nathan Rothschild, com monly called Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild. County of Cornwall (Eastern Division)—Thomas James Agar Robartes, Esq., of Lanbydrock, in the said county; Nicholas Kendall, Esq.. of Pelyn, in the said county. Western Division—Edward William Wynne Pendarves Esq., of Pendarves, in the said county ; Si r Ch ar l es L emon , Bart., of Carclew, in the said county. Borough of Truro—Henry Hussey Vivian, Esq., of Swan sea ; John Ennis Vivian, Esq , of Truro. Borough of Bodmin—William Michell, Esq., of Bodmin ; Charles Brune Graves Sawle, Esq., of Restarmel, in the said county. Borough of Penryn—Rowel Gwyn, Esq., of Bagban House, in the county of Glamorgan ; James William Fre,shfield, Esq., of Betchworth, in the county of Surrey. Borough of Launceston—The Honourable Josceline Wil liam Percy. Borough of Liskeard—Richard Budden Crowder, Esq., of Carlton House -terrace, London. Borough of Helston—Sir Richard Rawlinson Vyvyan, Bart. Borough of St. Ives—Robert Michael Laffan, Esq., 0: Otham Lodge, in the county of Kent. WAR-OFFICE, Ana. 6. 3d Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Ensign Charles Blood Mulville, from 99th Foot, to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Cannon, who retires, Aug. 6. 44th Regiment of Foot—Ensign Samuel Cooper to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice Ottley, who retires, Aug. 6. 52d Foot—Ensign the Honourable Henry Flower to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Dixon, who retires, Aug. 6. 69th Foot—Ensign George Frederick Gildea to be Lieute nant, by purchase, vice Butler, who retires, Aug. 6. 89th Foot—Ensign William Cecil George Pery to be Lieu. tenant, by purchase, vice Drummond, who retires, Aug. 6. G. Hedley, assistant to a wholesale warehouseman, Cow ley-place, Cowley-road, North Brixton. J Smith,comreission traveller, Montague-terrace, Kings land. C. Bedford. cabinet maker, Johnson-street, Notting-hill. J. V J. H. Wettone, foreman t o a newsven d er , N ort h Audley street,J. Heath, stonemason , - High -street , Stoke Newington. D. Jacobs, retailer of fish, Middlesex-street, Whitechapel. %A PHanover-square.Pl:mn'enJohn-street, Cornwall-road. graver, W. P. Soutten, meat-salesman, Virginia-terrace, Dover road. 3. Clark, journeyman engineer, Stamford-street, Black friars-road. R. Smith, clerk, Dalston, Middlesex. B. Osborn, carpenter, Little Randolph street, Camden town. S. Warner, plaisterer, Felix Cottage, Blackheath. W. Pullum, sea., wholesale milliner, Hyde-place, Hoxton Old Town. 3. Croutel, Wenlock-street, Hoxton. R. Barlow, watch manufacturer, Liverpool. S. W. Couch, labourer, Lidstone, Devonshire. J. Dewhurst, Bolton le-Moors, Lancashire. T. Dodson, blacksmith, Wavertree, Liverpool. J. Emerson, Liverpool. W. Ellis, Totnes, Devonshire. W. Halliday, licensed victualler, Liverpool. W. H. Hinds, Chorlton-near-Medlock, Manchester. J. Money, carver and gilder, Manchester. G. W. Pearson, farmers' assistant, Newland, Yorkshire. T. E. Richards, schoolmaster, Gravesend. Mary Ann Wright, Margate. J. Butler, Hales Owen, Wcreestershire. J. Durnbell, watchmaker, Wolverhampton. S. Gosling, Heaton Norris, Lancashire. J. llolroyd, Cheapside, Yorkshire. S. Holt, gingham manufacturer, Radcliffe Lancashire. A. Hodgkinson, manager of bleach works, Staleybridge T. Roe, provision dealer. Swansea.. J. Westbury, cabinet maker, Birmingham. J. King, Edenbridge, Kent. J.:Blade, butcher, Holt, Norfolk. T. 0. Empson, h a i r dresser. Kingston-upon-Hu ll . I). Owen, fi reman, Swansea. W. Vigor, Folkeston e Kent. G. B. Baker, Combs, near Stowmarket, Suffolk. H. M'Corq uo d a l e, Golborne, Newton-in-the-Willowe, near Warrington, Lancashire. J. Bennett, bricklayer, Cambridge. J. C. Ball, miller, Salisbury. J. R. Jones, ironmonger, Henfenyw, Cardiganshire. J. E. Bilson, Bradford, Yorkshire. J. Pemberton, labourer, Manchester. DIVIDENDS. At the Court, Basinghall-street. J. M. Wilson, Eton, Buckinghamshire, bookseller, Aug. 30, at eleven. In the Country. C. Roope, Liverpool. wine merchant, Aug. 27, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. A. Colvin, W. Ainslie, B. D. Colvin, T. Anderson, and D. Ainslie, Calcutta, merchants, 6 annas per 100 sicca rupees, any Wednesday, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Whitmore, Basinghall-street. T. Pope, Kidbrook, near Blackheath, cowkeeper, any Wednesd a y, b etween e l even an d th ree , a t the office of Mr. Whi tmore, Basinghall-street. F. Sadler, F ore - s t reet , f u rnishi ng undert a ker, 95., any Wednesday, between eleven and three at the office of Mr. Whitmore, Basingball-street. R. Keeping, Ryde, Isle of White, watchmaker, 11d., any W ednesday, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Whitmore, Basinghall-street. D. Marley, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, Lieutenant- Colonel in the Royal Marines, Is. 7d., any Wednesday, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Whitmore, Basinghall-street. W. L. Bowyer, Macclesfield, Cheshire, grocer, 4s. 6d., Aug. 10, or on any Tuesday after Oct. 2, between eleven and one, at the office of Mr. Fraser, Manchester. A. W. Bellairs and J. Bellaire Derby, bankers, 3s. 3}d., Aug. 6, or an y su b se quent Friday, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Bittleston, Nottingham. NOTICE OF CERTIFICATE. At the Court, Basinghall-street. J. Mandene, Shoreditch, oil and colourman, Aug. 30, at eleven. CERTIFICATES GRANTED. W. Collins, Marlborough,Wiltshire, draper, certificate of the first class—F. Sadler, furnishing undertaker, cer tificate of the first class—F. P. Hoblyn, Cambridge, surgeon and apothecary, certificate of the second class — J. Ernmins, Princes-road. Notting-hill, builder—J. M.Burnie, Exeter, draper and tea dealer, certificate of the second class—W. Shaw, North Hall,. Leeds, mill wright, certificate of the third class (after 21 days from July 29). PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. Sowerby, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, carriers (so far as J. Smith, J. Wing. H. Grilling, jun., and W. Grilling, regards H. Gilling, jun.)—T. Wadsworth, J. Howard, and J. W. Hall, Ashton-under-Lyne, cotton spinners (so far as regards J. W. Hall) —Margaret Bratt and Eliza beth Brett, Great Haywood, Staffordshire, grocers—L. Rosenberg aid H. Cohen, Sheffield, tobacconists—J. M. Fisher and F. Arding. Taunton, ironmongers—T.Green wood and W. G. Fraser, Watling-street, City, ware housemen—John Bowtell and Joseph Bowtell, Picca dilly, boottnakers—J. Hind and R. Alcock, Wolstanton, Staffordshire, saddlers—A. B. Johnson and S. Jones, Furnivel's Inn, architects—H. Moore and R. Greata, Wimhorne Minster, and Blandford Forum, Dorsetshire, solicitors—C. Murgatroyd and B. Murgatroyd, Bradford, Yorkshire, manufacturing chemists—W. Giles, jun., and Henrietta Dowden, Fishorgate and Southwick, Sussex, general shopkeepers—S. Lyon and N. Levi, Liverpool, tailors—G. Martin and J. H. Martin, Southampton, wine and spirit merchants—G. Craddock and W. C. Craddock, Bilaton, Staffordshire, butchers—T. F. Evans and W. Emson, Philpot-lane, City, merchants—R. Jardine and A. Mair, Southampton, drapers. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. B. Mercer, Old Kilpatrick, grocer, to meet within the king's Arms Inn, Dumbarton, Aug. 10 and 31, at twelve. r . Renry and Sou, Glasgow, co ntractors, to meet within the Buck's Head Hotel, Glasgow, Aug. 13 and S e pt, 3, at one w. a. Porter, Edinburgh, agent, to meet within Thwell's and Lyon's Rooms, Edinburgh, Aug. 14 and Sept. g, at twelve, PRICE OF SUGAR. Th e average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com puted from returns made in the week ending August 3, 1852, exclusive of Customs Duties paid or payable thereon on the importation thereof i n t o G rea t Britain: — From the British possession s i n Amenca 225. Sid. per cwt From the Mauritius ,„, 20s. 2d. From t he East Indi es ... 235. 311. AverageAverageprice of the th ree foregoing de scriptions of suga r , j o i ntly, computed as a b ov e, and exclusiv e o f duty ... ... 21 5 . ' August 6. BY authority of Parliament, HENRY BICE.); ELL, Clerk of the Grocers' Company Grocers. -hall BANK OF ENGLAND. (From last night's Gazette.) An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th an d Bth of Victoria, cap. 32 for the Week ending on Saturday, the 31st day of July, 1852. ulenz DEPARTMENT. Notes ison ed ' • •• '• 35,322,155 Government debt .. 11,015,100 Other securities .. .. 2,984,900 Gold coin and bullion 21,295,780 Silver bullion • • • • • • 33,375 SAXILINQ DEPAILTMIN T. £35,329,155 B i S f.MARSHALL, Chief Cashier. Da ted the sth day 01 August, 12. 235 , 3 29,155 rs'caPital.. 14 ,553,000 ProPri° t° Rest -•deEp •osits (• ••• • •• in. •• 8,199,124 P ublic xchequer, ccl:rataissioners of Nationa l Debt, Sim. i n ga-banks ,andD i . viden d accoan‘s)•• 3,195 ,152 Ot her deOesit s • • • • •• 14,506,774 Seven day and other 13918.• •• ** '• '" '• 1 . 3 66,078 ding Government securi ties (including Dead Weight Annuity) • • 13,790,720 Other securities •• • • 10,799 655 Notes .. ••.••• • • • • • • 11,849,700 Gold and silver coin.. 380,953 X 3 6 , 821,028 4 36,821,028 M. MARSHALL. Chief Cashier. Dated the sth day of August, ii SEABORNE MAILS. that the malls are sent from the General Post-oftio, signi# es and M by th by th e night — - e Morning-4131)sta.] -:------- Whe n ?LOMB . , made up in From what u 'eneralPost-office port dip- When ..........,...................„__ London: patched. due. ------- A m erica (by Brit. pkt.)N'Aug. 6 . .. .. Liverpool .. Aug 12 Am••rica (viabl7.S. Pkt.) 8,1 1 .. .. Liverpool .. Aug. 15 America ( b y Australia ( South .. .. M 9th of the month t .. .. Southampt Aug. — 24 .. 31 . ampton) • • • • • .. .. U.S. pkt.) NI Ditto (via Marseilles) N .. .. Southampt. mo. Dover Ditto, via C• of G. 'rope N,26 of An. ,...!. • • Dover .. Southampt. Aug. 16 Atrica (West coast)• • Nll4th 01 C ul t .. Plymouth.. Nov. 30 Alexandria* •••• • • • • N 1914, & 80th e 'i nth PlY9B"th July 29 .. N D Belgium •• •• Daily .. • • Aug.!! Buenos Ayres Brazil •• ' ' • M "th oftnen;zn .. Dover .. D a n ) , Callfornis.(viaChagrer) 3 ' ' Id & 17th of m Southampt. Aug. 16 Cape of Good Hopei • N 14th of Au _ ?nth Southarnpt. Aug. 16 Cape do Verds • • •• N2d of th e 1 : 1 01 :: k .• Plymouth.. July 29 Constantinople* • • • 5 i 7 th. l7 th 27th sat " • Plymonth• • July 29 Central Anierica ••. M, 2 d & 17th of _ e mo Dover .. Aug .10 Channel Isle! .. .. Ni Mon., W ed.. 1 1 1 1 .1 . 1 .1 Southampt. Sept. 1 Chili .. .. .. Bild & 17th of mnth Southampt. Tn. Th.s a t France .. .. /A t N Twice daily .. Sonthampt. Aug. 16 Greece* • • - • . N 7th 17th 27th of oi ,; * Dover .. rwleed ailY N Tuesday & 0 Dover .. Aug. 10 Hamburgh .. • • Friday London Holland .. ••• ' Id Wednes. & &aut.. .. Tues. Sat. Honduras .. .. N 17th of the mouth London .. 810H.Thcir Ireland • • id go N Twice daily .. ... outhampt. Aug. 16 81 20th of the India (via SonthaMP.) mou th ,7rlYilead.. Twicedally India (viaMarsoilles) l'4 . rah& 24th ofmo nth iu.. otthatapt. Aug. 28 India, via C. of G. Ilope N 15th of month ~ er Mauritius .• • • ''' N 15th of month Plymouth.. July 29 Mediterranean (via I riYMouth.. July 29 Southsur Von) • Dl,2oth of the month Senn. Mediterranean (via 1 -•••umlot. July 28 museum .. „. N Bthik 24th of month Dov Mexico .. .. • • 81I2d of the month_ Soul Madeira .. .. .. If ,9th of the month southrPt-'sept• 1 c1,7th,17th,19th,27th .) lug. Aug 16 Malta * •• • • I 1 Bc3Oth of month 3 Dover ' Aug. 10 Naples* .. .. .. Nfith lath 25th ofmo Dover Papal SI gen* • • .. 14 51.1115 th 25th of mo 'Dover '''' Aug, 12 IYeninsu 'a .. .. • • M 7th 17th 27th of mu Southa •• Aug. 12 Peru .. ~, .. .M 2d 8. - , 17th of mnth s outh .... m Pt. Aug. 16 'Tmeln, *...... ;5 sth i sth Itsth of mo Dover Au Aug. 16 west In lies .. . T,J 17th of the month Southlre .. • Aug• 12 West Indies (except Pt. A ug . 16 Ilav attut & Nasati) N 2d of the month .. sonthampt. ._....w.ci thus Marked (1) a m „„„_---- • 12d of the month ountrtes thus mar] ,Sonthampt. cod ( 1 ) are conveyed by '! !he =WS to those c! Frenc . packet vie Margell Ointment , altogether about a p r r y oved useless two ye ai m _Pi ji c os ii ii :D ,3na v v Fe ß o u ref i e i re s , E '--- AIE I ST . ] t a e df farm m w oinadb — eoruf ru i el -I r, ,C c) l uo l r o fe w No a of y wa ' b a Dr or ° ,e a i d n f t urnl ontfiorrma , near Hexhamg. had a n enormous swelling on each side of one of his thighs ' he w as , under the a dvice of three eminent surgeons, and after wards , as he deriv e d .no benefit from their treatment. Hearing, so much in praise of Holloway's Ointment and Pills he determined to give theni a trial, and these valuable medicines effected a cure in about eight weeks, although he was working hard at ha making a t the time. Afterwards he continued at work without Y l's inmate rnbuattethoef e r ff h o e r t N s e o w f ca t h s t e e d doctors pain or diocemfort throughout the winter, and is now in excel lent hcialth.—Sold by all druggists, and at Professor Hollo way% ; st,aoisiusson4 244, Strand, London, ADMIRALTY, Juix 30. The following promotions have this day taken place, con sequent on the death, on the 29th instant, of Admiral of the Blue Sir John Wentworth Loring, K.C..8., K.C.li.:— Vice-Admiral Matthew Buckle, Vice-Admiral John Allen. Vice-Admiral Christopher John Williams Nesham on the Reserved List , to be Admirals on the same list. Vice-Admiral of the Red Sir Charles Bullen, to be Admiral of the Blue. Vice. Admiral of the White Sir Francis Mason, K.C.8., to be Vice-Admiral of the Red. Vice-Admiral of the Blue Charles James Johnston to be Vice-Admiral of the W bite. _ Rear-Admiral of the Red Charles Sibthorp John Haw tayne to be Vice-Admiral of the Blue. Rear-Admiral of the White Edward Harvey to be Rear-Ad miral of the Red. Rear-Admiral of the Blue Maurice Frederick Fitzhardinge Berkeley, C. 8., to be Rear-Admiral of the White. Captain Henry William Bruce to be Rear-Admiral of the Blue. Commissions by the Lord-Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire. Alan James Gulston, Et,q., to be Deputy Lieutenant; John Lloyd Davies, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant, Aug. 3. B&NKKIJPTS. Henry Grenn, baker, Dorchester, Oxfordshire, to sur render Aug. 17, at half-past one, and Sept. 20, at half past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee; Tayler and Collisson, Great James street, Bedford-row; Curtis and Cooke, Abingdon. John Reddell, brewer, Gravesend, Aug. 17, at half- past one, , . and Sept. 20, at twelve, at the C - aurt , of Bank ruptcy. Graham, official assignee; Mount, Clement's lane. John Bentley, cheesemonger, Smithfield-bars, Aug. 18, at half-past one, and Sept.-25, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, , official assignee ; Smith, 13araard's- inn, Holborn. Louis England, builder, Shepperton-street, New North road, Islington, Aug. 25, at eleven, and Sept. 15, at half past two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, o ffi cial assignee, S am b rook -court, Basiugball-street; luson, Ironmong er -l ane, Cheaps id e. J oseph Parmenter Sandie, cattle dealer, North Ocken den, Essex, Aug. 16, an d S ept . 24, at t w o, at th e C ourt of Bankr u p tcy. edgy, M Mercer; Gloucestershire,er' Prov i provision and d Aug. el o Caunan, o ffi cial assignee, Alderman bury; To wne , Devonshire square, Bishopsgate. John cloth dealer, W . W o l o 4 t . ton a - t under eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Acraman, official yf assignee,Bristol ;aryHartiye Salmon, Bristol. and Henry Hartley, stationers, Halifax, Yorkshire, Aug. 23 and Sept. 13, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. El o p e , off i cial assignee ,' Leeds; Stocks, Halifax; Conrtenay an, ,d end ei omp‘ .on, L ee ds. Joseph Wintetbottom, spi nner , Huddersfield, Aug. 23, and Sept. 30, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Hope, official assignee, Leeds; Barker, Hud dersfield; Bond and Barwick, Leeds. John Silbowden, auctioneer, Liverpool, Aug. 17 and Sept. 7, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. C. z ecove o ffi cial assignee, Liverpool; Yates, jun., Liver pool. Joseph Nicholson, ironmonger, Shotley -bridge, Dur ham, Sept. 16, at one, at the Newcastle t.Baker, o ffi cial assignee, upon-Tyn e Distr i ct ____ Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Hoyle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Court. Crosby and Compton, ham, Aug. 17 DEBTORS. Church-court, Old Jewry. INSOLVENT W. Furlong, court keeper of Lambeth County C ourt, Denmark hill, Camberwell. T. B oug ht o n, herald painter, Guildford , Surrey. T. James, baker, Great Portland-street, Penland -road. EVENING, AUGUST SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—When the Senate of the United States proceedetl, on the 23d of July, to discuss and adopt Mr. Mason's proposition with reference to the fisheries on the coasts of the British colonies in North Ame • rice, that body had received no official information on the subject beyond Mr. Webster's communication to the newspapers, and by its constitution no member of the Government could be present to explain what had actually taken place. The consequence was that a considerable amount of hasty invective and erroneous imputations was discharged against the British Go vernment. The facts and the law of the case were alike misrepresented ; and a debate ensued of so de sultory and intemperate a character that we cannot but express our regret that such a spirit should be manifested on so little provocation by the most sedate I and statesmanlike Assembly in the United States. The question was, in the first place, entirely misstated. It has never been the intention of the British Govern ment to contest the rights which American fishermen have been enjoying under the Treaty of 1818 for up • wards of 30 years, but merely to protect the rights reserved to our own fisheries, and expressly renounced by the United States by that Convention. Mr. Cass went so far as to assert that "the treaty was now over 30 years old, and that it clearly recognised the right of the Americans to fish within three miles of any shore." If he had looked at the Conven tion he would have seen that it is just the reverse, The United States thereby renounced, and for ever, any liberty to take fish on or within three marine miles of the coasts, bays, &c., not specified in the treaty. It is deplorable to see popular prejudices in flamed by such gross misstatements as this. The Convention of 1818 was not a limitation of rights previously enjoyed by the fisheries of the United States, but on the contrary it was a concession to the United States of the right to fishing on certain parts of the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador, British possessions, in lieu of the right of fishing granted by the treaty of 1783, which had been abrogated by the war of 1813. The British Government of the day was strongly attacked for it. This concession was geographically defined in conformity with the proposition made by the American Plenipotentiaries in London, and having obtained what they asked for they solemnly renounced all the rest. Upon this point we have direct evidence in the words of Mr. Bush himself, the American negotiator on the oc casion. He states in the narrative of his Residence at the Court of London that the most difficult part of his task was to secure the permanence of this ar rangement by the insertion of the words " for ever," and he adds— "lt was by our act that the United States renounced the right to the fisheries not guaranteed to them by the Convention. That - clauso did not find a place in the British counter project. We deemed it proper-1. to exclude the implication of the fisheries secured to us being a new grant; 2. to place the rights secured and renounced on the same footing of permanence; 3. that it might expressly appear that our renunciation was limited to three miles from the coasts." Nothing can be more conclusive. The question n ow raised is not about the rights then conceded to the United States, which are undisputed, but about the right they formally renounced. But they cannot lay claim to the one without admitting the renuncia tion of the other. So much is this the case that when the right of the Americans to fish off New foundland was disputed by the French Government in 1821 and 1823, a correspondence took place be tween M. Monroe and M. Chateaubriand, in which the American Government took its stand on this very convention of 1818, and insisted on its execution, and the British Government as sovereign in Newfound land concurred in that view. But the present discus. sion arises with reference to the fisheries off Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, to which no allusion is made in the Convention of 1818, except under this general renunciation, and Newfoundland seems to have been needlessly mixed up with the question. This is not the first time that discussions have arisen with reference to fisheries off these coasts, or that American vessels have been seized by British cruisers for intruding into British waters. In 1845, fur instance, a correspondence took place with refer ence to the seizure of the 'Washington and of the Argus under similar circumstances; and it appears from a dispatch of Mr. Everett, then American Mi ' nister in London, that Lord Aberdeen intimated to him, by a note of the 10th of March, 1845, that " the British Government would concede to American fishermen the right of pursuing their occupation in the Bay of Fundy:' To judge of the full force and value of this communication it would be necessary to see the whole correspondence ; but the mere fact that this permission to fish in the Bay of Fundy was so conceded by the English Government, and accepted by the Americans, clearly denotes that they went there by permission and not by right, and that the rigbt of granting or withholding such permission lay with the British Government. Since, however, the Britian Secretary of State for . Foreign Affairs thought fit to make that concession in 1845, the Americans might justly expect some clear notification if it was at any subsequent period to be withdrawn. Mr. Webster does not appear to have been aware of the existence of this document when he wrote his first communication, as he has made it the subject of a second letter; and it is not impossible that,. consi dering the lack of experience in her Majesty's Go vernment, Lord Malmesbury, Sir John Pakington, and the Queen's Advocate were equally uninformed. But in March, 1845, Lord Derby was himself Se cretary of State for the Colonies, and it appears from the tenor of Mr. Everett's dispatch, that the subject was expressly referred to the Colonial-office, and therefore the Lord Stanley of that date is as much responsible for the concession in the Bay of Fundy as Lord Aberdeen himself, for the colonial interests affected by it were peculiarly under his charge. That note is certainly a plea in favour of the Americans' present occupation and enjoyment of fishing rights in the Bay of Fundy which do not legally belong to them. But although courtesy requires that such con cessions should not be withdrawn without cause and without notice, it cannot be contended that limitations and renunciations formally established by treaty are permanently abrogated by a mere note from the Secre tary of State for the time being, and thesame power that waves a right at one time may assert it at another. We entertain no doubt as to the right in this cause, or as to the language of the treaty, which is unmis takably clear, and cannot be evaded ; but in the pre. sent state of our information on the subject we feel much less confidence in the policy of the course which the British Government has thought proper to adopt at this particular time. If the right of fishing in the Bay of Fundy had been conceded by a former Go vernment, and had passed into long usage, by suffer ance or otherwise, among a numerous class of foreign fishermen, we think that they were entitled to ample notice that it would be withdrawn, not on the eve of the fishing season, but a year beforehand. Yet we learn from Sir John Pakington's dispatch that the strict and immediate execution of the Treaty of 1818 was one of the subjects which pressed most urgently on the attention of Lord Derby's Govern ment. Further, there is no time at which it is so unadvisable to engage in diplomatic disputes, or even in negotiations, with the American Govern ment, as in that period which immediately precedes the election of a President. The existing Govern ment will not commit itself to any positive engage ments ; the candidates for power on both sides are eager to work upon the excitable national feelings of the public, and raise a cry even of war for electioneering purposes; the Government which will have to deal seriously with the subject is not yet in stalled in office, or even sure of obtaining it. We cannot suppose that this step, with reference to the fisheries, has been taken from any motive so absurd and injudicious as the idea that we can drive the Americans into a commercial treaty by a squadron of light vessels on the banks of Newfoundland, or in the Bay of Fundy. Indeed, one of the points of which we complain in the debate in the United States' Senate is that this contemptible motive was imputed to this country. The only effect of such an attempt would be to render all future negotiations more diffi cult, since the Americans will certainly not concede even what is just and reasonable in itself to a display of force. But in the present state of parties in the Union the time is ill-chosen to press any such nego tiations at all. We have to do with a Government pro fessing strong Protective principles, but liable to be turned out of office by its political and commercial antagonists in a few months. The prudent course would, therefore, have been to give notice that the privilege of fishing beyond the limits of the Convention of 1818 would be withdrawn next year, and the provisions of that agreement more strictly enforced; and then to await the effect which the Presidential election may have on the policy of the American Government, and on its ne gotiations with o urselves. We strongly deprecate a ll a pp ea ls to popular passions on either side of the Atlantic, when questions of this nature arise, as they will arise, between the two Government. They are questions of law, to be settled by fair negotiation, and we esteem it fortunate that Mr. Webster should still be in (ince to render this service to his country, for the real service to be rendered in such cases is to bring the difference to an amicable and pacific con clusion. The Americans seem in some danger of forgetting that this is no question of interference on our part with their territories or waters, but sim ply how far they are entitled to extend their fishing operations on British coasts and in British waters. It the legal stipulations which are in existence are not to govern their proceedings, their fishing vesse l s may be captured and blood may be shed, not by the naval forces which are sent there to keep the peace, but in the broils and altercations of the fishermen themselves. There is far less danger of a collision from naval officers instructed to uphold and obey the law, than there is from interested and irritated par ties ; and in the mean ime we trust that measures will be taken to remove all grounds of apprehension or complaint, without surrending any of the rights secured to our own colonial fisheries by the treaty of 181 S. CHROI‘.TICLE.—The, speeill burdens which re sail to be imposed on the land consist of tithe, land tax, county-rate, highway-rate, poor-rate, and church-rate. The alleged effect of certain indirect taxei in increasing the cost of agriculturel produc tion may most conveniently be considered separately. We have already disposed of the supposition that the cost price of corn or cattle can be increased, or the property of the landowner diminished, by his joint ownership with the recipient of the tithe. Mr. Dis , raeli's territorial constitution must at least secure the . rights of all who po s s e ss a share in the soil; and the landed aristocracy can certainly not be entitled to compensation for the circumstance that their good fortune has not given them the undivided ownership of all the real property in the country. The land-tax was imposed, as is stated in evidence before the Com mittee of the House of Lords. under the Act of 4 William and Mary. According to Blackstone, it was a mere commutation of the periodical subsidies and 2ssestments, and of the more ancient scutege, hy- dage, and talliage. However this may be, it is clear, as Lord Monteagle observes in his Report, that pro perty has now, for more than a century and a half, been purchased or inherited subject to this impost. The occupier is, of course, entirely unaffected by the small per-centege levied on the owner; nod, in com mon with all other deductions from the rent, the land- tax is entirely unconnected with that cost of produc tion which Mr. Disraeli has undertaken hereafter to diminish. The original inequalities in the assess• ment of the tax have, so far us individuals are con cerned, being practically corrected by the lapse of time. Sir J. Sinclair, as quoted in the Report, attri butes the inequality of the returns to the various po litics of the owners at the time of the Revolution , Those who were attached to the new settlement showed their zeal for the Government by rendering true accounts of their property, while the friends of the banished dynasty estimated their possessions at the lowest possible rate. There is a certain difler ence—though it will not be found to bear upon the claim for compensation—between the charges which we have thus tar considered, and the variable burdens or rates which are levied on the land. Tithes and land-tax must be paid without regard to the objects to which they are destined. The proprietor is liable for the payment of a definite sum, and not for the ac complishment of any public purpose. Tne overthrow of the Church Establishment would give him no right to the tithe ; and so long as the State raises any revenue from its subjects, the land-tax must be either paid or redeemed. The local rates, on the other hand, are merely the methods by which the community meets certain necessary charges. If funds were provided by private endowment, or by foreign tribute, for the maintenance of the poor, of the roads, and of the prisons, the rates raised for these purposes would no longer be levied. Yet it is an error to suppose that, except in the case of some sudden pressure, either poor-rate or county-rate in any degree affects the cost of production. Mr. Dis raeli has borrowed a phrase from economical science for the purpose of concealing the purely political objects of his proposed re-adjustment ; and his opponents cannot do better than take him at his word, by offering to relieve production from any bur dens which oppress it. They may be certain that at least the rent must be exhausted before the rates can increase the cost of growing corn or of breeding cattle. There is no reason why capital should be less profitably invested in the cultivation of a farm, paying nineteen shillings in the pound for rates, than of one absolutely exempt from taxes. Whether the landlord or the taxgatherer receive the rent is a question entirely immaterial to the occupier, provided the average bur dens remain unaltered during his term of possession. The usual rates and taxes are the first deductions which an intending tenant makes from the gross value of the land, when he calculates the rent which he can afford to pay. At the expiration of exiting leases, every farthing of reduced taxation would go into the pocket of the landlord in the form of augmented rent. The distinction between imposts which unjustly affect individuals or classes, and those which in jure the whole community by impeding the pro duction of wealth is of the highest importance. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, for rhetorical purposes—or, perhapa under a misapprehension — compares th e relief which he proposes to afford the landowner with the removal of duties from those raw materials which are required by the manufac turer. It would be scarcely possible to compare two fiscal processes which have less in common. A tax on cotton wool tends to divert capital from a particu lar branch of industry, and the removal of the duty benefits the cotton-spinner by extending the sphere of his operations • but the manufacturer's profit is not, like the rent of land, a fixed sum subject to certain definite burdens. If he buys his materials more cheaply, he probably lowers the price of his finished goods, de riving increased profit only from the receipt of the former per-tentage on a large amount of produce. The chief gainer by a reduction of duties on raw ma terials is the consumer, end the national wealth is in creased by the relief afforded to productive capital. The different tendency of a tax upon rent may be illustrated by an extreme case. A duty of five hundred per cent. on cotton wool would annihilate the cotton manufacture. On the other band, an absolute confiscation of all the landed property in Great Britain would not necessarily or directly di minish the national wealth by a single shilling; and certainly it would not add the smallest frac tion to the price of a quarter of wheat. Accord ing to Mr. Disraeli's theory, such a measure would render agricultural production impossible. It is for him and his adherents to show how the change of ownership could affect the application of capital to the soil ; yet, until the rental is absorbed, all rates and taxes on the land only amount to partial inter ferences with the ownership. No landlord really thinks that he would let a rate-free farm on terms more advantageous than those which the tenant can secure at present. Still less does the farmer propose to grow or to sell his wheat cheaper under Mr. Disraeli's promised system than he does now. In their private affairs, men seldom make gross mistakes in political economics. There is certainly no reason why land owners should be more exposed than any other class to fiscal injustice. But their claim to relief on the ground of non-possession of tithes might equally well be set up by any other section of capitalists. The fundholders—although not like their landed brethren, the constitued agents for collecting the tithe rent-charge—have at least as good a right as the latter to complain that they have no share in the property which is distri buted between the Church and the lay impropriators. If every change of value were to lead to a re-adjustment of burdens, the repeal of the corn-laws might give the tithe-owners some pretext for raising their demands on the land ; for a perma nent diminution in the price of corn is equivalent to a depreciation of the currency in which the rent charge is paid. The landlords will certainly do well to adopt the advice of one of their number, and to say nothing about the excellent bargain which they have made. It happens that, in the matter of the land tax, there is a real anomaly, which Mr. Disraeli has unaccountably overlooked. The tax was originally assessed on personal as well as on landed estates,l legally it was only in 1833 that movable property wa a s r eage wey exemp ed from its operation. In t t h h e a that year, learn from the evidence given before Com mittee, personalty contributed and Land is paid 381 the e l r an this head 5,000/. to the revenue. The Bank of_ m co i v a n st t e y r and t t h h e e c C it h y an of cell ' o e r s o t- f onfotWaarswini g ck le f l a 6 r s t . h i 6 a ct g .., the Exchequer propose s to do justice to the land by on personal property, the restoring this heavy bur den q uestion will arise whe ther the necessary machinery of collection can be p rovided on sufficientl y econo mical terms. It is not likely, however, that much will be heard of the land-tax. A large portion of it has been redeemed, and the remainder is trifling in amount. It is on the rates, which we have not yet discussed in detail, that the weight of the argument must rest. DAILY NEWS.—Amongst the items contained on the credit side of the Bank accounts, issue de partment, there are two—" Government debt, 11,015,1001. ;" and " other securities, 2,984,9001." — making together exactly 14,000,0001. The latter consist of Exchequer-bills or other Government paper, and represent Government debts just as much as the first item. Oa this 14,000,0001. the Bank is authorised by l aw to issue notes to that amount, without having a n y other capital or any other wealth to redeem them. That the state which creates these paper securities should regard them as equivalent to money is to be expected ; but the whole community so regards them, and relies on the pledge of the State to pay the 14,000,000/., or the annual interest on it — which is, for all useful purposes, the same thing—as sufficient to redeem the Bank promises to pay to that amount. The Government pledge, and the Bank promises founded only on it, have all the purchasing power for which men desire to have money. Gold and silver, though very beautiful when manu factured into coin, are not desired for their own sake but for what they will buy. Men like to pos sess them as a means of purchasing at any moment the other things they may need. The essential prin ciple of money is tnat it will buy other things, or has a known purchasing power. It has no value or use in the past, only in the future. But a debt of the Governtnent to be paid at a specific time, a por tion of which can be transferred from hand to hand, though it want, the flame as a doubloon or an ingot of gold, some of the conveniences of small coin, answers all the purposes of money. Like gold itself, it is coined or divided, and the debt of the Government to the Bank becomes small bank notes, an extremely convenient money. The Bank of England is not the only body which coins the. large debts of the State into small promises to pay. Al! the private banks of issue keep only a small quantity of cash in their till, and the bulk of the property they possess, on which they rely to redeem their notes when presented, con- ------------ ,_ slats-----...- _ tit of Exchequer-bills, India Bonds, or portions of O S, edelos, or securities hearing interest. The means .nt circulation redeeming the bask cf the Bank of Erigiand notes I ,,ert shows that about two-thirds of the pro. other, T , h as well as the bulk of the property on which ankers carry on their business consists of ra tionals,bil. debts. tine general confidence in the continued stability of Governments gives to their promises all that a purchasing power which is the essential attribute of money. Gold and silver, in fact, now form only a very small portion of the money of the world, and a much larger portion is formed of those paper oblige' hops, in the purchasing power of which men have the same confidence as they have in the purchasing power of gold and silver. Like cash in the purse, they are a guarantee against want. Not er only ere they considered valid in our commu nity, but in evi civilised community they are recognised and a arefreou Ilnd e' gotiable. For ! raking large payments th e y more convenient than gold and silver, a are eta' rid ployed in adjusting heavy acccuuts, whether the parties to them live under the some or different Ge' v: v e rnments. A transmission backwar ds or for of American bonds or French renter , made b,V • iac ll- duals and on icdividual account, serves as well a l sending gold and silver to adjust what is called the balance of payments between nations. Titer® is nothing new in the remark that the bu l ' - the actual currency of the civilised world consists of paper ultimately redeemable by plYm ents guts ci ranteed by different states or by individuals, lee, that only a small portion of the purchasing or PP% power in use consists of the precious m etals. l' ne e r et 1 is much, however, to be wondered at in the fact, tu." the discovery of gold in California and Att sll•sll4 ' adding a few millions of pounds ster'ing Wile currency of the world, to th em e c i ahsolate iai: alarm amongst those who have seen with wore m i difference the creation year after year of lions of state debts than all the bullion of the world d discover can equal, and to which all that has been on the shores of the Pacific is a mere driblet. Almost es instsne i. keeping pace with production, and in some surpassing it, the Governments of Europe ha ve in t j t , excites up'prehension an tiplied the instrument of future purchase Wit r h° , ll " eil cliiting the least alarm, but no sooner are a le" 13 , 3 1 ey of f on h s of pounds sterling of gold added to the cartelej class, e world than men of science and the reeled ss, and particularly the debt creators, a r , e h i e de' rifled at some unknown, undefined, yet PV'"',", o er preciation of the standard of value. I \ ° 6 1 ° 0' does Nature provide in a small degree for t' e I crease of the currency, - which tat tree e b e lln o ker ' and ethers, are continually doing, s e i ' thou ' t r ie : iv a g o exactly whet they are about, than they, svil°„,7; ill their own . wisdom and exertions, fancy confidence in Nature, and unbounded conPue—efill so c iety 0 0 fall to ruin. The source of the alarm is a b a av e ci rr t ° o l3e p o s e i supposition that states and individuals their debts, and make all their purclaases, Withwith precious metals. In fact, they do not ass ure s or them ; the gold and silver serve only as 5,7 all counters, th and states, as well as individuals, buy a l , they want by services or commodities, alveegs• mately pay all their debts, or redeem all their °." oe silve r e a tions, by the same means. The gold and like a pint pot or a pound weight, and ra en , s e u : foit weigh and determine the value, without PaYl7d for all the beer or beef that is consumed. It 15 p- c t , a li by other commodities, or by services. It is now eot established principle, that onl services ca n P ii t j onli services; that labour of one kind; r another boo was, as Adam Smith says, the ony original r i g 0 3 of time, the only money, but it continues to be, and will be tong t"t for ti ll means of buying and pays of things. The value of all comroodities eve ° bay bee, depends on the labour vested in them. ' Th is ' 11 ; otice fully established by Mr. Ricardo and other i c o rio• mists ; but it is also implied in the fundanieatts' to is ciple of the " Wealth of Nations" that all vi e h ll o ' r tot long periods pays all the produce of labour, and that labour withi n - e aai commodity in proportion to the desire for it' ~,`",e s its law of supply and demand, certainly detetall'iot of price. The quantitY °,, r the selling price, but the precious metals, on ae c e ° , - rtia their indestructibility, the facility of tra°, s r„ - , e d ia them, and their being almost universally (iii-esluet nse, are far less subject to variations in thetria,oo from a change in tueir quantity, than most, -, sur, substances. More permanently influential th e 'pal ply and demand, the cost of production is I T,, eV regulator of the value of all commodities reotbe change. It is not—to illustrate the prine i P' c loth immense quantity of cotton now annually produced, which has caused th e g e t, 0 fall in the price of these two articles, scYrignid of yarn and ec' ttni3 rest the lessened cost of producing their 11 r e s" - u - PP i l a i newly-invented machinery. Variations in prices, direct labour to rod temporary more v ariati°ns f al and demand causingor less ° 11 d; P rodne e to commodity, and influence thtle''qtintities but price and value are ultimaeteltideterrar'ed !Ides: I T ibour and trouble necessary to pyroduce con:0.'0100 he relative price between silver and gol d ' 0 by varies very little, is determined, as 13 well ha° w a a'ta' the cost ot procuring silver and go ld. The , es e, r a sr tion from some gold having b een lately four soul e i e vott icl patently little labour, that the relative pri ee a e f 0 be altered, shows the principle at issu e ; is that the expectation has been disappointed, °ender" therto the relative price of the two metals hes end gone very little variation. Nevertheless, the opine or that the value of gold in exchange is detereni° 'apply tO elusively by quantity and the relation of the for tbe t the demand, continues to cause great Oa ° n ig fa cv future reduction in the value of gold. Th e e- o esitir i s the 03e li which at all justifies the apprehension which took place in the value of the Pre e ei l s rit iti after the discovery of America. In ti le :et rocla c ""a stance, the great quantities then introduce" ail into Europe were obtained by P lllO- :er; 90 ; after the supply from that source wase°'-sidaoa both metals were only got by diligent ant' es de lot 11 exertion, the price settled and continued thatsteady 00 very long period. Ir, is generally supposea 0 , , the the difficulty of obtaining the precious Ipet+iitaftet price rose from the beginning of this centurYt ' ere oh' but too bi, tbe increased supplies of gold from Russia *c ot itaer tamed on easier terms and increased stiPP l e ies e , tall u e r e from America were Obtained by in3Pre,vi„-,,- e titi lf gical processes. Admitting that a scaa" `i - e a e ll r W e 'd gold bas been latterly obtained at a °°lniifidissr, little cost though, when the rums eie„btfta —still, it is so amall in proportion wa y be don b o le pointed diggers is considered, that t° the sni el i quantity in use as money, and so inconceivable' 0' in relation to the whole currency of the which must be affected before andardbl: altered—that it can have only c an iflaile-bereL influence, it any, on the value of gold. ' o f t. at present no probability that the productie° osta° has been — io n:: precious metals will be facilitated as ron.cl3thei are only obtained by much and arduous toil. nie pr i.a f ). production of food and clothing, and novi 4o :, 0 9 ' as our conclusion, therefore, that the cost el l e to duction of gold in large quantities is not likel.'rettea; much and rapidly diminished, and that the 90; 0 sto°. some w r : e ala ll9l' shiyonasomenetGerotvaienrendolbeyottsh, e th p a u t b a li r c a , b id y de reciatio , . tber P P rrant ed I)" t° t a ke place in the value of gold, believe that its future theory. '!'here warrant no re es°P cli' minished, or that we shall have to seek by facts nor sound of civil. purchasing pcoVe v'ther Vogt P sure of value than that which ifirlsvr°°l/r9let"°cltirf33litbil considerations aff e cti ng frora, of from the beginning je isa . civilisation. o -a ti k r a ise / opportuniteereif view to which we may teke gis another adverting. aOurselves with f ed Now we content that the toi warning our readers not to conclude important consequences which we ha ve 11dve a r tor e ; resulting from national deboa which the er e- , Jost"' a them neither willed nor comprehended, are any cation of contradiCting them. etile Ut IMPROVEMFNT OF THE SEVERN.---!iropr)r;everl favoured with the sight of a prospectus for tlw," the " n og° of the Gloucester anti Berkeley Canal, arid ,ost tc ) " Ole 'ect below its outlet, so as to admit vessels of th e thl3 Obi to the port of Gloucester. To acconipllib three,„vrio canal is to be extended, so as to have its o ut the eo , r c o itY lower down the river ; and the promoters of, t be s'` c t b aroc 10 3 have undertaken to remove those hindranc es sn c t 0 . 0 al A of Gloucester which impede the navigation 8 1 ) e rtiti ° v ise" provement higher up. They also promise cc° l) sl be de tir ir the Severn Commissioners in measures whic h c r er tbeif f „ J r th e t for rendering the navigation improvemen t t '„ n p - a alsi te ,„cd tb il ' diction effective and complete. The outlaY'-iidersi-,oo‘ purpose is estimated at a million ; and it is enders the u ". 9 tie: the joint-stock company through whose gen iider tu contemplated will be ushered into the worl d l w orld' mi re lf d tion of very eminent names in the commerel3 5 , be 5 6 : jor general co-operation of interests and partie! ciboronra 0' in right earnest, the greatest obstacles to t'', e provement of the Severn will be got rid 0' WO 'ben' terests and opposing courage the proposal of a broad and comPtebae,nood 00' parties have hitherto con3sio sco, for developing the full capabiltties of tb e 0 ' est e' lish rivers. We shall rejoice to learn that ...Jorc given place to cordial union and • t acti °a ' and conjoin Chronicle. _____-------:----- BIRTHS. t ile ife fi OF A SON- o„,,selrt On the 4th . inst., at Waffling Vicarage, P l. ' . , tb il Of the Rev. vv imam Harvey. Westbourn e-gr°ll O n the sth inst., at Inverness-road , wife of Joh n Danvers. Esq. of 1 ., 10Y OF A DAVORTSO,• ~, the On the 2d inst., at `J'hurloe-square, BrO'P tell " h ire M O Lieutenant-Colonel George Warren. On the 3d inst., at Wyrnondham RectorY, the Hon. Mrs. John Beresford. ..de EP't MARRIED. il e v. , i. o On the 4th inst., at Christian-Malferd, tb e i, 72.0/. F. S. Powell, son of the late Alexander rowe,..t a l e ).• daub hter u Hurdcott-house, Wiltshire, to Everilda, R. V. Law, rector of Christian.Malford . I) L , rp c DIED. , o lder Pd for, At Brighten, on the Ist inst., aged 74, Ae r e, rill D.nnistoun, E.A., late of Westhorr., Lanarlol" ,03,, merly of the Ist Royal Dr goons. Fil VerP u . near On the 4th inst., at Davington Priory , . r .,- f t , . o f 0.,- Katherine, the wife of T. W illement, Esq.. x•'.besat On the 4th inst., at Kelvedon, Captain TO' _O.O Gravel house, Coggeshall, Essex, aged 81. _......,"!"7:cf ---___ ___- ' —— - :-..' 1T i'65"115' London: Printed and Published by MVltp,ce, 241:t, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sets VP:to O' Strand, in tha Precinct of the Revolt attiddieleX, Oaturdon Avpit 7, Ha