The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-15 00:00:00

M. Thiers on the Italian Question. PARIS, April 14. The following is a summary of yesterday's debate in the Corps Legislatif upon the paragraph of the address relative to the September Convention be tween France and Italy : " M. Thiers rose to address the Chamber upon the second amendment to paragraph 19 relative to the September Convention. He said this grave question comprised two questions, the Italian and the Ro man—one having given rise to the other. To sepa rate them would be to separate the effect from its cause. 4lt is necessary, then, to unite them in this debate.' The speaker said that, in taking his seat on the benches of the Chamber, his idea had been to contribute to the re-establishment of political liberties. M. Thiers continued :—When one pursues a great end secondary differences should be sacri ficed to it. To-day I shall not speak, and shall not vote as the other members of the Opposition. M. Thiers respected their opinions, they respected his, and this frankness upon the points on which divided them would prove their sincerity upon the points on which they were in unison. The hon. member first touched upon the Italian question. Italy was one of the countries he had most visited and most loved. He comprehended, therefore, the wish to advance its welfare, and to bestow upon it the most urgent good, that of liberty. But after the Crimean war the sympathy of the Western Powers sufficed to insure the liberty of Italy. What made the Ita lian princes resist their subjects was that they felt Austria and Europe at their back. After the Cri mean war Austria found herself isolated and they would have yielded. The King of Naples was dead. The Grand Duke of Tuscany had abdicated, and constitutional government was about to be esta blished in two principal States of Italy. It already existed at Turin. If Piedmont had been aggran dized in consideration of indemnities, Italy constitu tionally governed would have entered upon a better course than that in which she is now engaged. Without doubt there was a means, if not surer, at least more prompt, of labouring for the regene ration of Italy—war. But war must immediately lead to attempts at unification : Now Italian unity is not desirable for France, and is hardly so for Italy herself. It is not desirable for France—the parallel of a Power raising up on her frontiers a Power almost equal to herself would be vainly sought in history. None but contrary instances would be found. It is Sweden struggling against Russia to prevent the development of the lat ter ; Austria struggling against Prussia striving to aggrandize herself ; England against Spain wishing to conquer Portugal, and against France to shut her out from the mouths of the Scheld. It is not an old policy, but an eternal policy, which has always led States not to create around them great new States. It is said that Italy will be for us a useful and devoted Power. This M. Thiera did not credit. Her fidelity would endure so long as she re mained weak, and Italy would be right. It:would be iniquitous to create a Power in order that it might be eternally dependent. The future history of Italy is written in the past House of Savoy, which has never consulted any but the interests of the day. The unity of Italy falsifies besides the whole policy of France. Everybody now wishes for peace in Europe ; but there are upon the horizon three ques tions which may become perilous :—The ambition of Prussia tempted by the example of Victor Em manuel, and looking to the realisation of German unity,—a serious danger for France ; the Eastern question, which can only disturb the equilibrium of Europe to the profit of the Northern Powers ; and, finally, the tendency of the Continental Powers to re-establish their ancient union, destroyed by the Crimean war. In view of this state of things, who was the essential, the necessary ally for France ? This was Austria. But the unity of Italy renders France the antagonist, perforce, of Austria. The war in Italy, therefore, is a misfortune for France, at least, in its consequence. Little desirable for France was Italian unity, continued M. Thiers, more so for Italy. Without doubt it was the wish of some generous spirits beyond the Alps, but the mass of the people did not partake this idea. What natu ral bond was there, in fact, between Venice, with its aristocratic traditions, and the despotic Florence of the Medicis, with its fortunes embellished by art; between the Monarchy of Savoy, Italian only by finesse, and the monarchy of Naples, by turns Aus trian, French, and Spanish ? How fuse these va rious metals in the fire of revolution ? It was first necessary to make Florence, Turin, Milan, and Ve nice provincial cities, and afterwards necessary to impose upon all those two great burdens of monar chies—the conscription and the millairds. This was not all. The principal elements of this unity has been obtained. Rome would have to be wrested from Catholicity, Venice from Austria, from Eu rope. It was impossible to found unity without ar riving at these two formidable questions of Rome and Venice. M. Thiers then traced out the events which had arisen since Italy had been in the travail of unity, and pointed out her tormented existence, tormenting that of France. Not being able to wrest Venice from the Austrian arms, it was desired to obtain Rome. The speaker proceeded to discuss that part of the September convention destined, it was said, to reconcile Rome with Italy. Ile did not be believe a reconciliation possible between Italy, who desired Rome, and the Pope, who could not aban don it." The sitting was here suspended for a fewminutes. Upon the members re-assembling— " M. Thiers resumed his speech,entering upon:the Roman question. The danger and the salvation of the Pope are, he said, in the hands of France, who in the eyes of the world is responsible far his destiny. Is there an interest for the greatness of France, an interest for her principles, is there even a right of the Romans to 'which we here do violence ? M. Thiers proceeded to discuss these three points. He showed first that all nations make it a duty to protect their national faith, and wish, independent of the fact, to have that appearance. Now it is France that now has the patronage of the Catholics in the world. There could be no interest of greatness for France in afflicting the Catholics of the whole world. Are her principles concerned in the abandonment of the Head of the Church ? M. Thiers regretted the publication of the Encyclical ; but he feared it was the friends of liberty who, by disquieting the extreme Catholic party, the Ultra rnontanes, and urging it to exasperation, had made the Encyclical. (Laughter.) It is said that extremes meet : they do more ; they generate. (Fresh laughter.) If, just at present, the great and glorious Church of France, the Gallican Church, inclines towards Ultramontanism, it is because it sees its Chief threatened, and rallies round him. If it be wished to recall it to its ancient traditions, it is necess ary to give it security. It will then again become what it has always been—united and inde pendent. Is it then true that the Catholic Church is in fact contrary to the human mind ? Have we not the liberators of human thought in modern times, Descartes, Bossuet, Pascal, Kepler, and Newton —were not these at the same time illustrious thinkers, and good Catholics ? The Catholic Church only debars those from thinking who are not fit to think. It is in this cradle of the Church that the human mind has passed its infancy and part of its riper age. No doubt it is not wished to destroy the Catholic Church, but it is desired to effect a revo lution in its Government. Would such arevolution be at least favourable to our principles ? B ut t h e central unity of the Church once destroyed, its debris would be conveyed into the different Catholic countries of the world, there to form national churches. It would be a strange solution of the Roman question for the friends of liberty to see the translation of the religious authority into each of the capitals of Europe. As far as regards F rance , M. Thiers expressed his opinion that Notre Dame was too near the Tuileries. He deprecated seeing the same hand wield the sceptre of religion and of political power. He did not forget the fate of the Eastern Church, when Constantine, in order to resist the Barbarians, transported to Constantinople the material force of the Roman Empire. The moral force remained at Rome, and the Roman Church, representative of that force, became the Western Empire, and continues to sway the souls of men. The Church has always preserved her spiritual independence, while the Greek Church j which remained with the Emperors of the East, and believed it became independent in separating from Rome, was enslaved. None would submit to its yoke, and it became divid3l into so many different separate churches. The reli gious sovereignty thus placed near the political sovereignty is servitude. It is said, but the Church will be free in a free State. M. Thiers considered that this theory would lead to a spectacle of this kind. On Sunday would be seen in every church the Mayor in his official seat, the priest in the pulpit, and beneath him a Commissary of Police, taking notes. With regard to the question of the right of the Romans M. Thiers recognised that the greater part of the Roman population were not favourable to the Papal Government. But a people in revolu tion should never be taken at their word. That would too greatly embarrass them. The right which M. Thiers fully concedes to the Romans is the right of being well governed. In demanding reform they are therefore justified. But the right of modifying their Government or of giving themselves another master is another thing. " M. Emile 011ivier, replying to the speech of M. Thiers, said that when a cause honest and believed to be just, was powerfully attacked, it was a duty to defend it without regarding the inequality of strength in the contest. He fully concurredin.what M. Thiers had, with admirable talent, just remarked with regard to the respect due to religious creeds. But the Con vention of September 15 was in no respect a matter of faith ; it only raised political and free question open to all opinions. ' The Convention,' M. 011ivier continued, has two distinct effects. It defines and consolidates Italian unity, and modifies the attitude of the French, Italian, and Papal Governments, by introducing a new element into a question long since debated upon.' The hon. member ex amined this act under its double aspect, and then, replying to the censures of M. Thiers, he said that the great element of union existing in Italy was the hatred of foreigners, which the child learnt from its mother, and which every Italian might perceive in the great poets of his country, and in the annals of her history. 'Did not France herself include in her strong unity Alsatians, Proven cians, Bretons, Languedocians, and the Gallic race mixed with the Teutonic ? The unity of Italy,' continued the speaker, ' would, it is said, be an ob stacle to the alliance of France with Austria. But are the destinies of France bound up with this affi ance ? Our most illustrious Kings opposed the power of Austria. The misfortunes of the First Empire may have arisen with him who placed the hand of France within that of Austria. Between Austria and France comes the principle of nationali ties—Hungary and Venetia who suffer and protest. Touching the Roman question, M. 011ivier said that, before the Convention of September, it was placed between Mazzini, Garibaldi, and the Uni tarians, demanding Rome by the right of Italy, and the school of Count Cavour, awaiting the com plicity of circumstances to go to Rome. So long I as the question remained under these conditions any arrangement was impossible. To Italian necessity could be opposed Catholic necessity. The Convention of the 15th of September, con tinued M. 011ivier, has replaced the sovereignty of the Pope under the normal conditions of all other sovereignties, in affording it all the guarantees which it required for endurance. Will this Convention save, or will it destroy the temporal Government of the Pope ? Its destiny will depend upon itself. M. Thiers acknowledges that the Roman people have the right to ask to be well governed. Have they the necessary liberties that the eminent orator so earnestly claims for France ? Religion and liberty are flames, neither of which can be extinguished. Let - them blend and there will be a new light at which the world will rejoice. (Applause.) "M. Rouher, Minister of State, who then rose, said it was for the Chamber to decide whether the debate should be continued to-day, or whether he should not address them until Saturday." The Chamber agreed to the adjournment of the debate until Saturday. The sitting terminated at 5 45 p.m. She Kingdom of Greece. ATHENS, April 6. This day is the great national festival of the Greeks, for they date the commencement of the War of Independence from the raising of the Cross against the Crescent on the 6th of April, 1821. A bright sun gives Athens a joyous aspect. Everybody wears a happy look, and I believe that the rest of Europe cannot show a more prosperous looking po pulation than is now streaming out of town to wit ness a review of the National Guard. The King attended a Te Deum in the Metropolitan Church, and was received with great enthusiasm, for the rumours of revolutionary plots which prevailed during the last month have lendered the loyalty of the Athenians unusually demonstrative. The Cabinet of Mr. Koamoundouros is now com plete, and presents a strong front to its opponents. The Prime Minister, who holds the Finance Depart ment with the Presidency of the Council, is a man of ability and experience. He has held every port folio in turn, except those of War and Marine, and he has served with every party, under King Otho, during the interregnum, and under King George. The Minister next in experience and influence is Mr. Krestenites, who has held the portfolio of the Interior, of Justice, and of Finance, under King Otho, and who is now Minister of Justice. Three of the Ministers enter the Cabinet for the first time. Hadgi Anarghyros, the Minister of the Interior, occupies at this moment the most important office in Greece, for it is his duty to direct the conduct of the Central Administration during the critical interval until the general election on the 26th of May. Public opinion gives him credit for honesty and impartiality. Sir Peter Brailas, of Corfu, is Minister for Foreign Affairs, and Mr. Lombardos, of Zante, Minister of Religion and Public Instruction. Both are men of ability, but in their political principles and opinions they are as opposite as Caesar and Cato. M. Bou douros moves to the Marine, and Colonel Karnales retains the War-office. This Ministry is so heterogeneous that it will probably do little more than keep things quiet until the general election decides whether Greece is to have a policy as well as a Ministry. The political statistics of Greece are curious. Imagine England with 300 ex-Cabinet Ministers, which is about the proportion in Greece. At the expulsion of King Otho there were 84 ex-Ministers. The interregnum added 22 to the number, and the reign of King George has already given the country 12 new men as Cabinet Ministers. So that there are now about 118 ready for service, and of these upwards of 25 have held the portfolio of Foreign Affairs. Greece cannot with any justice be called a poor country, for this is surely l'embarras des richesses, the very plague of wealth. During the reign of King Otho a large sum of money was placed at the disposal of the Greek Government for the purpose of building a Museum of Antiquities, but Otho could never make up his mind to adopt a site, decide on a plan, or take an interest in Greek art. had the Government done its duty, the museum would have been finished like the university. Last week there was a step in advance. The eminence which conceals Athens from travellers who enter the city by the Piraeus road, and through which the railway has been cut, was selected as the site, and workmen commenced digging the foundation. This work brought a change in the antiquarian administration. The work was stopped, and it was announced that the museum was to be built at the opposite side of the town, in the midst of the fields which extend southward from the Palace garden. There has fortunately been another change, and while I am writing I hear that an admi rable site for the museum has been found at last, uniting a central position, with ample space for a collection as large 'as that in the British Museum, and the best approaches on every side. The ground is now occupied by the Royal stables, which his Majesty would willingly remove to a spot where he can communicate through the Palace garden. Mr. Lombardos, after all these long delays and frequent changes, will have the honour of settling a vexed question in a way to secure general approbation. Athens possesses many interesting remains of an cient sculpture, and has the means of forming a museum better adapted for illustrating the history of Greek art by monuments of the highest excellence chronologically arranged than any now in existence. Yet at present a Greek who wishes to study the pro gress of Hellenic sculpture in one collection can hardly do better than visit the museum of casts at Bonn, formed by Professor Welcker, for many .valuable monuments of art at Athens are only hid den treasures. Greece does not want men able to arrange her collection, and who by their learning would attract students from every other country. Mr. Rhangabes, who is a corresponding member of the Academy of inscriptions and belles lettres, is well known by his collection of Greek inscriptions and many topographical dissertations. Messrs. Pappa dopoulous, Koumanoudes, Rousopoulous, and Eustratiades have rendered acknowledged services to the learned world by their published contribu tions to archaiology and the history of Hellenic art. On this day it is the duty of every Philhellne to compare the state of Greece at present with its con dition when he first visited its ruined towns and de serted villages. Athens on the 6th of April, 1826, presented a very different aspect from that which it offers on the 6th of April, 1865, and the affair of Greece becomes veiled in a brilliant peplos of bright reminiscences and hopes. By a singular coincidence, , which I make no attempt to explain, brigandage suddenly ceased as soon as the day for the general election was fixed. In Livadea its euthanasia was accelerated by the activity of the peasantry, who, seeing the central authorities were in earnest, aided the troops in shoot ing down the whole band of Loulou. The peasantry have a well-founded objection to the capture of brigands, who always reappear with an amnesty worse than they were before they formed an ac quaintance with a jury, very much like our ticket of -leave men. With all the shortcomings of their rulers, the Greeks enjoy many advantages. They have a good system of public instruction and of judicial procedure, a zeal for knowledge which is not surpassed in any other people, and freedom of the press, which experience is teaching them to use without abusing. The Albanian peasantry of Attica readily adopted improvements, and they have purchased carts wherever the state of the roads rendered the use of carts profitable. Currants, madder, and cotton are cultivated with great in dustry and considerable skill. Various commercial companies have been formed, and Greek capital is employed with success in improving the native wines. But the Government, the system of taxation, the tenure of land, and the want of roads throw great impediments in the way of agricultural im provements and the employment of capital in land. Yet at this time upwards of 20 large houses are in the course of construction at Athens ; the emery mines of Naxos, the sulphur mines of Milos, and resmelting the, scoria of the silver mines of Attica are all carried on with activity. There is a saving grace in representative institu tions which, if not nullified by foreign interference, will ultimately put down brigandage and insure the execution of every practical project of improvement deliberately ratified by public opinion. So long, therefore, as there is a certainty that representative institutions are not endangered by the machinations of their enemies at the approaching general "eleotion there is no reason to despair of the future. Delay in the course of improvement is very vexatious to indi viduals ; but, as far as the nation is concerned, it may be advantageous. King Otho would have placed the museum in some unapproachable position. He would never, like King George, have removed his stables from the centre of the city for the public convenience. The life of nations is long, and the problem in treating a people that has not opened its eyes after k long sleep is to strengthen it without intoxicating it. It would not do for all men now-a days to breakfast on chines of beef and strong ale like maids of honour in the 16th century. THE So!, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 15, 1865. Easter Monday Review, On Monday the Volunteers, after a rather long interval, will again renew their pleasant acquaint ance with the breezy Downs of Brighton. If the weather should only prove favourable, the review and sham fight on this occasion are likely to be the finest which the gatherings of our citizen soldiery have yet afforded. Rarely yet have more than 15,000 or 16,000 Volunteers of all arms beenbrought together, but on Monday there will be no less than 22,000 men of all arms. Artillery and infantry will in the course of two or three hours be transferred from London to Brighton, and formed in readiness for action on those undulating Downs which almost seem as if they had been formed by nature specially for the proper exhibition of such displays. It is in tended that the whole force employed on this occa sion shall go through a long and complicated series of manoeuvres representing the varying fortunes of an uncertain and hardly contested battle. The in fantry will be divided into two main divisions—the first consisting of four brigades and 7,600 strong— the second of five brigades, and no less than 11,400 strong. Each of these will be supported by a pro portionate force of artillerymen and guns, of which latter there will be an unusually heavy force pre sent. In all there will be 46 guns on the ground, of which 22 are light field-battery ordnance, manned by 500 men, and 24 will be very heavy pieces, manned by 650 men. To serve and manoeuvre these guns alone no less than 400 horses will be required, 'while in addition to all there is to be a garrison brigade of artillery of 2,000 men, trained only in the use of heavy guns. The whole muster, there fore, will, in round numbers, comprise 19,000 in fantry with 3,000 artillery and 46 (guns—a force which would be reckoned an important army by any adversary in Europe. It is; as we have said, only on one or two occasions that such a muster of the Volunteers has ever been got together. On the occasion of the first visit to Brighton, when these Easter Monday reviews were inaugurated, the numbers that could be got together on that celebrated day were short of 12,000 men. Since that time —now nearly five years ago —every Easter Monday Review has shown a steady increase upon the numbers of the previous gathering. Never, however, has the muster been so large as that which is promised for Monday. That something may be owing to the popularity with which the place fixed for the evolutions is regarded is likely enough, but beyond a doubt a great deal more is due to the firm root which the movement has taken throughout the country, and the slow but steady rise in numbers which has marked the existence of all the chief corps. Nor will it be in numbers alone that the spectator of the review on Monday will be able to mark the progress of improvement. A certain amount of familiarity with these displays, and a sort of general knowledge, through Volunteer friends and relatives, as to the movements which are done well or ill, has educated the public into a most appreciative au dience of these great military fetes, so that we be lieve the spectators of Monday will at once be en abled to value at its full extent the advance which has been made since the'various corps were last at Brighton in steadiness and regular solidity of drill. Some of the best London regiments, with the chief provincial corps from the south, south-east, and south-west of England, will be on the Downs, and, from all we hear, we feel confident that the evolu tions of the majority will contrast favourably with those of the best militia of the Continental Powers. It is only to be hoped that on this occasion the spec tators will not so crowd upon the ranks as to pre vent their movements being properly exercised. The regiments only require a fair field to add to their previous reputation, and if the spectators will ac cord them this we feel sure that they will be amply repaid for their discretion. We may venture also to impress on Volunteers the absolute necessity of strict punctuality in their time of arrival at the various railway stations. Without this it will be almost impossible to carry out the complicated ar rangements of trains required to carry the unusual traffic, and any failure of this portion of the pro gramme would be almost certain to result in a failure of the whole. The following are the names and strength of each corps, with the divisions and subdivisions of bri gades and the points at which each is to assemble at Brighton : Major-General Sir R. Walpole, 31..13.8., commanding. STAFF.—Capt. W. Congreve, 4th Foot ; Lieut. MooiSon, Rifle Brigade; Lieut. Jones, R.E. ; Ensign Walpole, Rifle Brigade. VOLUNTEER STAFF.—CoI. G. Erskine, Inspector-General of Volunteers ; Col. E. W. C. Wri , ght, Deputy-Inspector of Volunteers ; Lieut.-Col. C. P. Ibbet . son, Assistant-Inspector of Volunteers; Lieut.-Col. Roney,• ditto; Young, ditto; Lieut.-Col. D. Jones, ditto; Lieut.-Col. the Hon. W. J. Colville, ditto. FIELD BATTERIES.—CoI. J. W. Ormsby, R.A., command ing; Lieut. E. D. Shafto, R.A., Staff. HORSE ARTnr.T.TlßY.—Commander, W. C. Jay, Hon. Ar tillery Company, 4 officers, 8 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 54 rank and file—total, 66, 2 light guns, 66 horses —Rear of Grand Stand. ' FIRST BRIGADE, FIELD BATTERIES.—Lieut.-Col. Lord Truro, commanding ; Lieut. Col. W. 0. S. Turner, R.A., Major of Brigade. Battery 1, Battery Commander, Lieut. E. Mease, Hon. Artillery Company, 2 officers, 4 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 30 rank and file—total 36 ; 2 light guns, 26 horses. Battery 2, Battery Commander, Capt. F. P. Nicholls, 3d Middlesex Artillery, V.C., 1 field officer, 3 other officers, 28 sergeants, &c., 84 rank and file—total, 116 ; 4 light guns, 24 horses. Battery 3, Battery Comman der, Capt. J. W. Silverthorne, Ist Sussex Artillery, V.C., 1 field-officer, 3 other officers, 3 sergeants, &c., 50 rank and file—total 57, 4 light guns, 24 horses. Grand total, 2 field officers, 8 other officers, 35 sergeants, &c., 164 rank and file —total 209 ; 10 light guns, 74 horses—Rear of Grand Stand. SECOND BRIGADE, FIELD BATTERIES.—Lieut.-Col. G. C. D'Albiac, commanding ; Capt. G. H. A. Forbes, R.A., Major of Brigade. Battery 1, Battery Commander, Major C. S. Hannington, Ist Sussex Volunteer Corps, 2 field-offi cers, 5 other officers, 3 sergeants, &c., 60 rank and file— total 70 ; 6 heavy guns, 36 horses. Battery 2, Battery Com mander, Capt. Amyatt Ray, 3d Middlesex Artillery Volun teer Corps, 1 field-officer, 4 other officers, 55 sergeants, &c., 168 rank and file—total, 228 ; 6 heavy guns, horses. Grand total, 3 field-officers, 9 other officers, 58 sergeants, &c., 228 rank and file—total, 198 ; 12 heavy guns, 84 horses —Rear of Grand Stand. THIRD BRIGADE, FIELD BATTERIES. — Lieut.-Colonel H. Creed, commanding; Major Fitzhugh, R.A., Major of Brigade. Battery 1, Battery Commander, Capt. W. D. L.. Shadwell, 2d Sussex Artillery V.C., 1 field-officer, 1 other officer, 20 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 40 rank and file--total, 62 ; 2 light guns, 24 horses. Battery 2, Battery Commander, Lieut.-Col. F. A. Durnford, 2d Surrey Artillery V.C., 1 field officer, 4 other officers, 6 sergeants, &c., 34 rank ank file—total, 45 ; 4 eight guns, 27 horses. Battery 3, Battery Commander, Major H. F. Smith, Ist Administrative Brigade Middlesex Artillery Volunteers, 1 field-officer, 8 other officers, 10 sergeants, &c., 59 rank and file—total, 78 ; 4 light guns, 27 horses. Grand total, 3 field-officers, 13 other officers, 36 sergeants, &c., 133 rank and file—total, 185; 10 light guns, 78 horses—Rear of Grand Stand. FOURTH BRIGADE, FIELD BATTERIES.—Lieut.-Colonel E. W. Harcourt, commanding; Capt. Wolfe, R.A., Major of Brigade. Battery 1, Battery Commander, Capt. G. Darby, 3d Sussex Artillery, V.C., 1 field-officer, 5 other officers, 7 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 75 rank and file—total, 88 ; 4 heavy guns, 85 horses. Battery 2, Battery Commander, Major F. R. Wegg-Prosser, Ist Admi nistrative Brigade Middlesex Artillery Volunteers, 1 field officer, 8 other officers, 10 sergeants, &c., 59 rank and file— total, 78 ; 4 heavy guns, 27 horses. Battery 3, Battery Commander, Major W. Scrivens, 4th Cinque Ports Artillery V.C., 1 field-officer, 10 other officers, 36 sergeants, &c., 117 rank and file—total, 164; 4 heavy guns, 26 horses. Grand total, 3 field-officers, 23 other officers, 53 sergeants, &c., 251 rank and file--total, 330 ; 12 heavy guns, 88 horses—Rear of Grand Stand. GARRISON BRIGADE.—Lieut.-Col. W. Richards, com manding ; Major W. H. Simpson, R.A., Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Commander, Major Macnaghten, Ist Administrative Brigade, Hampshire Artillery Volunteers, 4 field-officers, 34 other officers, 135 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 510 rank and file—total, 683. Battalion 2, Commander Lieutenant-Colonel J. R. W. Walmsley, Ist Administrative Brigade Middlesex A. V., 2d Surrey, and Ist London Artillery V.C., 1 field-officer, 25 other officers, 109 sergeants, &c., 397 rank and file—total, 532. Battalion 3, Battalion Commander, Major T. H. Johnston, Ist Sussex, 3d Essex, and 2d Middlesex Artillery V.C., field-officers, 29 other officers, 120 sergeants, &c., 616 rank and file—total, 768. Grand total, 8 field-officers, 88 other officers, 364 sergeants, &c., 1,523 rank and file—total, 1,983 —North end of Level. INFANTRY. FIRST DIVISION.—Major -General D. Russell, C.B. ; Capt. A. E. Warren, 78th Foot, Staff. FIRST BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION.—Lieut.-Col. the Marquis of Donegal, commanding; Major Mackenzie, Antrim Militia, Aide-de-Camp ; Major Kirk, 96th Regi ment, Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. Sargent, C. 8., 23d Middlesex (Inns of Court) R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 19 other officers, 49 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 240 rank and file—total, 310. Battalion 2, Battalion Commander, Capt. T. B. Irwin, 28th Middlesex (London Irish) R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 20 other officers, 83 sergeants, &c., 400 rank and file—total, 505. Richards, 3d London R.V:C., 4 field-officers, 20 other offi cers, 90 sergeants, &c., 410 rank and file—total, 524. Bat talion 4, Battalion Commander, Major F. R. Aikman,V.C., 2d London R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 4 other officers, 50 ser geants, &c., 154 rank and file—total,2lo. Battalions,Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. R. W. Grey, sth Administrative Battalion Middlesex Riflo Volunteers and 9,1,11 Tower Ham lets Rifle Volunteer Corps, 1 field-office; 15 other officers, 66 sergeants, &c., 344 rank and filo—total, 426. Grand total, 11 field-officers, 78 other officers, 338 sergeants, &c., 1,548 rank and file—total, I,97s—North end of Level. SECOND BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION.—Lieut.-Col. Lord Elcho, commanding; Capt. J. B. Battersby, 60th Rifles, Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Commander Capt. C. Dear, 9th West Middlesex R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 14 other officers, 54 sergeants, bugler; band, and pioneers, 160 rank and file ; total, 230. Battalion 2, Battalion Com mander, Major Sir David Baird, 15th Middlesex (London Scottish), 2 field-officers, 20 other officers, 46 sergeants, &c., 250 rank and file ; total, 333. Battalion 3, Battalion Commander Lieut.-Col. Whitehead, 29th North Middlesex, 2 field-officers, 20 other officers, 87 sergeants, &c., 300 rank And file ; total, 409. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. T. Hughes, 19th Middlesex, 2 field officers, 29 other officers, 69 sergeants, &c., 350 rank and file ; total, 450. Battalion 5, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. the Hon. C. H. Lindsay, 11th Middlesex (St; George's), 2 -field officer; 18 other officers, 50 sergeants, &c., 330 rank and file ; total, 400. Grand total, 10 field-officers, 101 other officers, 306 sergeants, 1,390 rank and file; total, 1,822 — Middle of Level. THIRD BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION.—Lieut.-Col. T. E. Bigge commanding; Lieut. M. Bell, 13th Light Infantry, aide-de-camp ; Capt. Leggett, 69th Regt., Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Commander Major G. J. Bowyer, 20th Middlesex R.V.C., 3 field-officers, 15 other officers, 54 ser geants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 228 rank and file; total 300. Battalion 2, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. Pen ton, 39th Middlesex (Finsbury) R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 18 other officers, 60 sergeants, &c., 303 rank and file ; total, 380. Battalion 3, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. M. Beresford, 7th Surrey R.V.C., 3 field-officers, 17 other officers, 38 sergeants, &C., 260 rank and file ; total, 318. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. A. P. F. C. Somerset, 40th Middlesex (Central London Rifle Rangers), 2 field-officers, 20 other officers, 74 sergeants, &c., 250 rank and file—total, 346. Battalion 5, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. J. M. Corrie, 37th Middlesex R. V. C., 2 field officers, 10 other officers, 56 sergeants, &c., 160 rank and file—total, 228. Grand total, 12 field-officers, 80 other officers, 282 sergeants, &c., 1,198 rank and file—total, 1,572 —South end of Level. FOURTH BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION.--Lieut.-Col. Earl Grosvenor, commanding ; Capt. A. S. Adair, 13th Regi ment, Major of Brigade.—Battalion 1, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. MacLeod of MacLeod, let Middlesex, Ist Tower Hamlets, and Ist London Engineers V.C., 3 field-officers, 29 other officers, 135 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 368 rank and file—total, 535. Battalion 2, Battalion Com mander, Capt. F. A. Mawker, 21st Middlesex (Civil Service) and 38th Middlesex R.V.C., 1 field-officer, 19 other officers, 50 sergeants, &c., 336 rank and file—total, 405. Battalion 3, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. Sir J. V. Shelley 46th Middlesex R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 13 other officers 48 sergeants, &c., 240 rank and file—total, 303. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. the Lord Gerald Fitz gerald, 22d Middlesex (Queen's) R.V.C., 4 field officers, 30 other officers, 70 sergeants, &e., 600 rank file—total, 704. Battalion 5, Battalion Commander Capt. W. J. Holland, 4th Middlesex R.V.C., 1 field-officer, 11 other officers, 40 sergeants, &c., 240 rank and file—total, 292. Grand total, 11 field-officers, 102 other officers, 843 sergeants, &c., 1,784 rank and file—total, 2,24o—Enclosure B. SECOND DIVISION. FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION.—Lieut.-001. Lord Radstock, Commanding ; Capt. W. T. E. Bookey, 6th Carabineers, Aide-de-Camp ; Capt. A. H. Wavell, 41st Regiment, Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Com mander, Lieut.-Col. G. Warde, Ist City of London Rifle Volunteer Brigade, 3 field-officers, 32 other officers, 96 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 485 rank and file— total, 616. Battalion 2, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. C. Buxton, Ist Administrative Battalion Tower Hamlets Rifle Volunteers, 4 field-officers, 24 other officers, 85 ser geants, &c., 446 rank and file—total, 559. • Battalion 8, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. G. H. Money, 6th Tower Hamlets (North-East London) Rifle Volunteer Corps, 1 field-office; 13 other officers, 54 sergeants, &c., 382 rank and file—total, 450. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. De La Rue, 4th Tower Hamlets Rifle Volunteer Corps, 1 field-officer, 13 other officers, 16 sergeants, &c., 170 rank and file—total 200. Battalion 5, Battalion Com mander, Major J. D. Samuda, 2d and Bth Towor Hamlets Rifle Volunteer Corps, 2 field-officers, 28 other officers, 42 sergeants, &c., 370 rank and file—total 442. Grand total, u. field-officers, 110 other officers, 293 sergeants, &c., 1,853 rank and file—total 2,267.—Enclosure C. SECOND BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION.—Lieut.-Col. Vis count Bury, commanding ; Capt. A. J. Lewis, 38th Middle sex, R.V.C., Aide-de-Camp; Capt. A. Butler, 87th Regi ment, Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Commander. Lieut.-Col. J. Wilkinson, 2d Administrative Battalion, Middlesex R.V., 2 field-officers, 25 other officers, 83 ser geants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 378 rank and file— total, 488. Battalion 2, Battalion Commando; Lieut.-Col. V. H. Ladrou, 10th, 19th, and 23d Surrey R.V.C., 3 field officers, 24 other officers, 93 sergeants, &c., 351 rank and file—total; 471. Battalion 3, Battalion Commander, Lieut.- Colonel J. C. Davis, 3d Administrative Battalion Essex R.V. and 4th Essex R. V. C., 3 field officers, 23 other officers, 84 sergeants, &c., 496 rank and file—total, 606. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Colonel Silver, 2d Administrative Battalion Essex R.V., 3 field-officers, 18 other oincers, 70 snzeants, &c., 359 rank and filo—total 450. Battalion 5, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. G. Cruikshank, 48th Middlesex (Havelock's) R.V.C., 4 field officers, 14 other officers, 70 sergeants, &c., 215 rank and file—total, 303 ;—total, 15 field-officers, 104 other officers,. 400 sergeants, &c., 1,799 rank and file. Grand total, 2,318 —Enclosure D, North End. THEM BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION.—Lieut.-Col. Vis count Ranelagh commanding ; Captain J. J. Johnstone, Grenadier Guards, Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Commander, Major B. Greenhill, Ist Middlesex (Victoria), 18th, and 36th R.V.C., 3 field officers, 35 other officers, 103 sergeants, buglers, band and pioneers, 362 rank and file—total, 503. Battalion 2, Battalion Commander, Lieut.- Col. C. E. Murray, 7th Administrative Battalion Middlesex R.V. and Ist and sth Bucks, 3 field officers, 19 other officers, 36 sergeants, &c., 330 rank and file—total, 388. Battalion 3, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. Cole, C. 8., First Administrative Battalion Surrey R.V., 2 field-officers, 15 other officers, 74 sergeants, &c., 240 rank and file—total, 331. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. W. M. Cochrane, Ist Surrey (South London) R.V.C., and Second Administrative Battalion Surrey R.V., 4 field-officers, 47 other officers, 108 sergeants, &c., 570 rank and file—total, 729. Battalion 5, Battalion Commander, Major F. Atherley, 2 South Middlesex R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 33 other officers, 87 sergeants, &c.. 350 rank and file—total, 472. Grand total, 14 field-officers, 149 other officers, 488 sergeants, &c., 1,852 rank and file-2,423—Enclosure D, South End. FOURTH BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION.—Lieut. - Col. G. E. Thorold commanding ; Capt. V. Stephenson, Scots Fusilier- Guards, Major of Brigade. Battalion 1, Battalion Commander, Capt. Lord Monson, 3d Administrative Bat talion Surrey R.V., 16 officers, 91 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 283 rank and file—total, 390. Battalion 2, Battalion Commander, Major M. Pipon, 2d Administrative Battalion Sussex R.V., 2 field-officers, 20 other officers, 48 sergeants, &c., 380 rank and file—total, 450. Battalion 3, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. the Hon. H. Gage, Ist Administrative Battalion Cinque Ports R.V., 14th and 17th Kent R.V.C., 1 field-officer, 31 other officers, 143 sergeants, &c., 488 rank and file—total, 663. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. H. B. Farnall, Ist Administrative Battalion Kent R.V., and 26th Kent R.V.C., 4 field officers, 39 other officers, 115 sergeants, &c., 534 rank and file— total, 692. Battalion 5, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. H. A. Crofton, Ist Sussex R.V.C., 2 field-officers, 16 other officers, 42 sergeants, &c., 200 rank and file—total, 260. Grand total, 9 field-officers, 122 other officers, 439 sergeants, &c., 1,885 rank and file—grand total, 2,4ss—Enclosure E. FIFTH BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION.—Lieut.-Col. C. Dunsmore, commanding, Battalion 1, Battalion Comman der, Major J. Gaisford, Ist Administrative Battalion Sus sex R. V., 1 field-officer, 15 other officers, 81 sergeants, buglers, band, and pioneers, 204 rank and file—total, 301. Battalion 2, Battalion Commander, Lieut.-Col. H. Ford, 2d Administrative Battalion Hampshire R.V., 2 field-officers, 16 other officers, 70 sergeants, &c., 290 rank and file—total 378. Battalion, 3, Battalion Commander, Major Sir John Simeon, Ist Administrative Battalion, Isle of Wight, R.V., 1 field-officer, 13 other officers, 44 sergeants, &c., 241 rank and file—total, 299. Battalion 4, Battalion Commander, Captain Wm. Warner, 3 Administrative Battalion Hamp shire R. V., 1 field-office; 21 other officers, 40 sergeants, &c., 304 rank and file—total, 366. Battalion 5, Battalion Com mander, Lieut.-Col. W. H. Humphrey, Ist Administrative Battalion Hampshire R.V., Ist Hampshire Engineers, and 2d and 4th Hampshire R.V.C., 1 field-office; 16 other officers, 129 sergeants, &c., 411 rank and file—total, 557. Grand total, 6 field officers, 81 other officers, 364 sergeants, &c., 1,450 rank and file—total, I,9ol—Enclosure F. By order, . GEORGE ERSHINE, Colonel. War-office, April 10. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The more we hear of the Russian epi demic the closer do we find its affinity to be with types of disease familiar to English physicians. One of its two prevailing forms appears to correspond almost exactly with relapsing fever, the other with typhus fever, and there is no reason to suppose that its victims have exceeded the average rate among typhus patients. The unknown being always more terrible than the known, there are probably many who will derive more infinite relief from this consi deration. Fevers are fevers, and we have been used to hear of them without panic all our lives ; but a Russian pestilence, a Siberian plague, a modern black death, sounds something infinitely more for midable. Such is the influence of habit on im pressions. How few realise that the mere increase of mortality during an unhealthy week in London equals the loss of life in a great battle, or that some privileged nuisance in a densely-crowded neighbour hood may be more fatal than the most tragical ship wrecks or explosions 1 It is very natural, then, that the spectre of typhus fever, in the disguise of a new Oriental pest, depopulating St. Petersburg and ad vancing westward, should alarm people far more than the actual presence of the same epidemic, walk ing in darkness and destroying at noonday close to our own doors. This is very natural, but it is also supremely unreasonable, and Dr. Jeaffreson, the re sident physician of the Fever Hospital, has done good service in reminding us to look at home before we think to keep out the invader by quarantine re gulations. Dr. Jeaffreson plainly tells us that " typhus is most certainly on the increase in the metropolis," and as this fact has as yet occasioned too little anxiety, we feel it our duty to point out its real significance, and the urgent necessity of dealing with it. Typhus fever is at all times one of the most dangerous and intractable of maladies, and when it developes into a virulent epidemic becomes the most destructive scourge of which history makes mention. The Eastern Plague and the Black Death itself are believed to have been simply malignant varieties of typhus, and the in flammatory swellings characteristic of those fright ful maladies have been observed at the Fever Hos pital in no less than 150 cases within the last three years. " The important point for the public to know," says the writer of an article on this subject in the Lancet, "is that the poison which gives rise to typhus withbuboes in this country is precisely the same as that which causes typhus without buboes." In other words, a very bad case of typhus fever is the next thing to plague, and under certain condi tions may become identical with it. In Great Britain the average rate of mortality from it is about one in five, but our contemporary gives in stances in which one half of those attacked have perished, and some in which it has carried off half of a whole garrison numbering many thousand men. In Ireland after the famine its ravages were fearful, in the Irish quarters of Liverpool it hardly ever ceases to rage, and it contributes largely to swell the mortality of that and other great towns. In London it was comparatively rare quite recently. Fevers of all kinds are indigenous or naturalised among us, but " the fever," as it is called par ex cellence, seemed to be on the decline. Two or three years ago it broke out afresh, the Fever Hospital became overcrowded, 'and a new wing was built, nor is there at present any signs of abatement. Dr. Jeaffreson's testimony on this point is very startling. "Though the number of patients mainly suffering from typhus admitted into the London Fever Hospital in 1864—viz., 3,6 lo—exceeded by a thousand the admissions for any previous year, still those for the first quarter of 1865 exceed by 200 the number received in the corresponding period of last year." To these must be added the cases—amounting to 42 at one time during last winter—hitherto admitted into the workhouse of St. Giles's. It is satisfactory to know that no other considerable parish provided for its fever-stricken poor in the same way, and that St. Giles's itself has begun to send patients to the Fever Hospital. Such being the nature and extent of the epidemic, the first question is, how far it has distributed itself over the metropolis ; and the next, by what means it can be checked. On the former point Dr. Jeaf freson gives very definite information. He says that on becoming resident medical officer of the hospital he was soon struck by the comparatively small area from which the great body of patients were drawn. " The names of a few streets and courts became to me as familiar as household words." He declares that the very same districts and eventhe same houses have furnished a constant succession of typhus cases since 1862. One such district—that of St. George's, Southwark—had been described by Mr. Rendle in a letter which we published on Wednesday. He stated that in one locality " of 100 housesinspected 90 were in a very unwholesome condition," the water supply deficient, the rooms densely crowded, and yet the rents rising. " From one row of houses we sent 35 cases to the Fever Hospital, and although these cases took many weeks in passing from house to house, I cannot learn that any of them were emptied or cleansed." Dr. Jeaffreson confirms this account, and supplies a parallel to which his attention happened to be drawn. " In the parish of St. Pancras is a small row of houses, numbering about 50—Draper's place; into this spot typhus fever found its way in November, 1862, and it still holds sway there. From it some 30 cases of typhus have been sent here, half of which came from one house, No. 14. The last admission from this nest was on the 23d of March, 1865." Ashby-street, in the same parish, has supplied an almost continuous string of 35 fever patients. Having named these as speci mens, Dr. Jeaffreson wisely proceeds to enumerate the main " hotbeds of typhus" at the present time, —viz., the vicinities of Lansdowne-place, South wark ; of Francis-street, Lambeth ; of Golden lane, St. Luke's • and of Drury-lane and Short's Gardens, St. Giles's. That such a state of things should be possible in this metropolis, that while every petty grievance is sought out and redressed a pest of this kind should be allowed to decimate the inhabitants of certain spots, and endanger the health of the whole community, cost what it would to expel it, is a sin and a shame, disgraceful to our munici pal Government. Dr. Jeaffreson avows his con viction that " a firm administration of sanitary regulatio ns , suc h as compelling landlords to empty, ,clean, limewhite ' and supply an adequate amount of water to infected houses, would diminish by at least three-fourths the amount of typhus in London." Whether this view be too sanguine or not, and whether or not Dr. Jeaffreson over-estimates the obstacles offered by parish vestries to busy Officers of Health, matters very little. There must be selfish interests involved in maintaining the appa rent causes of all this disease, or they could not exist after suspicion had been once aroused, and the responsible authorities must be either unable or unwilling to apply a remedy. If it be true that one " obstructive vestryman owns a typhus nest, which is named after him," and resists the introduc tion of sanitary precautions, we can only say that he ought to be criminally liable for the consequences of conduct so inhuman. The landlord who from motives of lucre allows a fatal epidemic to be propa gated in the midst of a population of three millions, and contrives to throw impediments in the way of inspection, is a public enemy. Unhappily, his own tenants, the immediate victims of his neglect, are generally too poor and too ignorant to invoke pro tection against it. This is the very reason why they ought to be protected by the law, and not only they, but all who may suffer sooner or later by the infec tion thus generated—that is, the whole body of resi dents in London. There are no measures, however stringent, which would not be justified for the pur pose of extirpating this source of epidemics. Cen tralisation is a much smaller evil than typhus fever, and if the Board of Health, or any other official de partment, could be armed with powers to besiege effectually these its noisome strongholds, we should be quite content to sacrifice a little of self-govern ment. It is in vain that we despatch medical officers to St. Petersburg and Dantsic, and multiply safe guards against the importation of plague from abroad, if we shrink from the task of expelling that fatal and contagious form of it which has become domesticated in this country. HERALD.—The great game of the City burglaries is at length played out, and the gentlemen of the crowbar find themselves heavy losers by the event. The bank-book, the lease of a house, the pie-shop, the glittering jewellery, all vanish from the view, and are replaced by the cheerless cell, the prison diet, the manacles, and the forced labour. The in genuity and daring which might have earned an ex cellent livelihood in some honest pursuit have merely served to pave the way to penal servitude, and the poorest man who plods at honest labour may con gratulate himself that he had no share in the golden spoil of the London jewellers, or the silken plunder of the Wood-street warehouse. Roguery must needs play itself out at last, and the end is ruin. It is the business of the police to make the game as difficult and as brief as possible. We wish the end had come sooner in the present instance, but it came at last, and when the police once laid hold they made a clean sweep. Every tradesman who stores his shop with articles of little bulk and great intrinsic value may henceforth breathe the freer when he remembers that the Whitechapel banditti are fairly bagged. " Scotty" and Jeffery are safe for 20 years, and as the former is 46 years of age there is a probability that he will end his days in the sick ward of some convict establishment. This ruf fian specially deserves incarceration, and his un happy paramour, Susan Price, is practically secure from the vengeance which he doubtless held in store for her. " Councillor Kelly" and "Velvet Ned," or, more correctly, Thomas Caseley and Thomas Brewerton, take their 14 years a-piece. " Carroty Fred,"iotherwise William Wilkinson, is sentenced to 10 years, as also James Hurley ; while David Roberts, convicted of receiving some of Mr. Walker's property, comes at the bottom of the list with seven years' banishment from general society. This wretched crew now disappear from public view, and through many a weary day and dismal night will have to bear the punishment due to their aggra vated crimes. The sentences are none too heavy. In every case save that of Roberts the prisoners have been previously convicted, and it is to be hoped that there will be no after trifling with the terms which are now allotted. For rogues like these to be at large is a perilous thing for every honest man who has much to lose. A more nefarious band never infested London, and had they multiplied their suc cesses much fartler there is no saying to what 'ex tent their mischievous example might have encou raged others in the same path. Justice has at length overtaken them, and although some of the same genus seem to be still at work, we trust their career will be speedily cut short. The depredations of this formidable gang seem likely to mark a sort of epoch in the history of our defensive and protective appli ances. When one great robbery after another was narrated in the columns of the morning papers the public began to ask what was the value of the police force, and further, whether the customary " safes" were really worthy of their name. For a time there was a feeling of considerable discourage ment and dissatisfaction. It was thought that the City police might and should be more efficient, and that the safe-makers ought to be a little more dex terous. There was a talk of forming a sort of pri vate " guard," on which the possessors of valuable goods might rely, in preference to the constabulary. A great deal was said about a change which had taken place in the administration of the civic police, and the days of Daniel Whittle Harvey were looked back upon as though they approached to the cha racter of the Saxon period, when golden chains could be hung up on the highway without risk of being purloined. The controversy grew almost angry, and it is perhaps too much to expect that the gentlemen who were plundered could be satisfied with the arrangements which seemed to allow of such results. One glance in the night through the " peep-holes" of Mr. Johnson's or Mr. Walker's shutters would have saved a prodigious loss ; and it is obvious that if the burglars had been caught in July the subsequent disasters would have been pre vented. From seven or eight o'clock on the Saturday evening till eleven o'clock on the Sunday morning the thieves were ransacking the premises in Threadneedle street, in the full glare of the gas-light, and with a policeman passing close by them every seven minutes. Thus to lose £4,000 net of a splendid and well - chosen stock is enough to make any man feel that the police ought to keep a better look-out. It has since been explained that the police cannot undertake to perform the duties of a private watchman on every gentleman's pre mises, and reasons are shown why this cannot be done. Unfortunately this.was not understood by the City jewellers in due time, though it seems to have been clearly apprehended by the rogues who had a desire for fingering the gold watches and walking off with a hatful of lockets. In future the predatory hordes of the metropolis will find their work a little more difficult. The security of our iron safes and strong boxes has been much discussed since the affair at Mr. Walker's and the almost in explicable robbery at the bullion merchant's. The safe-makers contend that they are practically able to resist the burglars, although theoretically no safe is absolutely secure. We are as anxious to protect the safe-makers as we are the police against any un reasonable complaints. Since we have offered some remarks on this part of the subject we have been as sured that the public have only to pay the price, and Messrs. Chubb, Tann, Marr, Milner, and others, will provide what is wanted. Although Mr. Walker may feel dissatisfied Mr. Johnson is. well pleased. The patent Reliance safe of the latter gentleman resisted all the appliances of the Whitechapel crew, headed by " Scotty" in person, who is said to have declared that, what with bursting open the steel lined door, and tugging • at this impracticable safe, the attack on Mr. Johnson's treasures was the hardest piece of work he ever had. Albeit " Scotty" pronounced it also " the most profitable." Could he and his colleagues but have opened the safe, they would have added £15,000 to theirbooty, Mr. John son would have been ruined, and the arcana of the pie-shop would have blazed with such jewellery as would have startled the most ambitious oyster woman. There was a considerable difference be tween the safe in Threadneedle-street and those that were forced in Cornhill and Lombard -street. En couraged by the integrity of his iron box, Mr. John son afterwards had a second safe constructed by the same maker, Mr. John Tann, of Walbrook. This latter safe is said to be a model of strength, and we are assured that it is so far secure that the bur glars may be allowed to try their very hardest for its destruction, from Saturday afternoon to Monday morning, without any chance of success. It may apparently be styled a "48-hour safe," if not some thing more. Simple, ingenious, and massive, it is an encouragement to jewellers, and a perpetual defiance to the whole tribe of " Scotties." The most violent blow which could be dealt with a sledge hammer has failed so much as to leave a mark upon this highly-creditable piece of workmanship . , and Mr. Johnson now locks up the whole of his jewel lery in the two safes with a very tolerable sense of security ; though, like a wise man, he neglects no other precautions that are practicable. So far the safe-makers seem to be either keeping or regaining their ground. But as those who bind can sometimes loose, so it is said that one ingenious safe-maker has pledged himself, under a forfeiture of £lOO, to force open the iron door which protects the stock in trade of one of our large West-end jewellers. The question is mainly one of time. If the safe cannot be forced in the longest interval which the burglar could command, or without such a crash as would shake the house to its foundation and frighten all the neighbourhood, of course the defensive mea sures are all that can be desired. It is satisfactory to find that our safe-makers possess the means of ' giving us what we want if we will only pay the price. But with the safe—as with the policeman— we must clearly understand in the first instance what is the amount of protection we may expect to receive, Ratepayers and safe-buyers may both ex pect sometimes a little too much for their money. Bushranging in New South Wales. (From the Sydney Morning Herald, Feb. 18.) Another policeman has fallen a victim to his sense of duty. On the 27th ult., Hall's gang stuck up about 30 persons on the Goulburn road, taking from them various amounts, from half a crown to 12s. Twelve drays were stopped. The rob bers broke open cases, took a little clothing, and a double barrel gun. They drank bottled porter, and gave some to the people. Two watches were stolen, one horse, saddle, and bridle. Hall, Gilbert, and Dunn went into Collector, and stuck up Kimberley's Inn. On this reaching the ears of the lock-up keeper, Samuel Nelson, who was de only policeman there, he took his carbine and went up towards Kimberley's. Dunn met him on the road, called upon him to stand, firing at the same instant. Nelson cried out " Stop !" and fell. Dimn fired again. Both shots took effect—one on the head or neck, the other in the heart. Nelson never spoke after receiving the second wound. After he com mitted this murder, Dunn went to Kimberley's Inn, and the bushrangers left the township. Subse quently, the police sighted them on the brow of the hill, and charged them; the bushrangers leaped their horses over logs and made off, and were lost sight of, the evening being intensely dark. They abandoned a stolen horse. The murdered man has left a wife and eight children. Frederick Nelson, aged about 18, eldest son of the deceased, gave the following account of this outrage at the inquest on the body :—I am farming about Collector, and re sided with my father, the deceased. My father was Samuel Nelson, and was lock-up keeper here. He was aged about 38 years, and had been in the police force here about 7 years and a half, and had pre viously been in the police force at Moreton Bay. I had tea with my father yesterday evening, and afterwards went over to Mr. Waddell's and re mained there about half an hour, and on leaving I saw my father in constable Bourke's yard. He left, and walked towards home. I did not speak to him, as he was a good way off. I had heard that the bushrangers were at Kimberley's, and went towards there to see if it were true. On my way I met Mr. Edwards, who told me it was true. While I was going towards Kimberley's my father was also doing so, but from a different direction, a n d go t n ear , the house before I did. When my father got near a fence close by the house, a bushranger sprang from behind the fence and called on my father to stand, and • fired immediately afterwards, on which my father staggered into the road and called out " Oh ;" the bushranger fired again, and my father fell. I was inside the fence at this time, and about 10 yards from my father ; the bushranger called on me to stand, but I ran away, on which the bush ranger fired at me, but did not hit me ; it was light enough for me to see, but not to recognise the man who shot my father. I spread the alarm through the township of what was going on, and after awhile my brother came and said that the bushrangers had gone, on which I went up to Kimberley's and found my father's body had been taken inside the house. He was quite dead. While this took place my brother was compelled to hold the bushrangers' horses outside Kimberley's house, having beforethis been compelled to march there, a distance of three miles. When my father fell I heard his carbine fall from his hands on to the ground. In connection with this, the Government have offered a further reward, altering the conditions onwhich the rewards were previously offered, as will be seen by the fol lowing :—" Instead of the reward of £2,000 for the double apprehension of both these criminals, a re ward of £5OO will be paid for the arrest of the said Benjamin Hall, and £5OO for the arrest of the said John Gilbert, and a reward of £5OO for such infor mation as may lead to the capture of either of them, or £l,OOO, if, on such information, they are both taken. It is to be understood that the person or persons performing the above duty, whether police men or not, shall receive the reward, and it will not go into any police fund." Depredations are as rife as ever on the southern roads. COUNTRY MARKETS GRIMSBY—TRunsDAY. This corn market being held off the usual day (Good Friday interfering with regular day), the supply o f w heat was only small. Business quiet at a decline of is per qr. New white wheat, 40s to 43s ; new red, 36s to 40s per 3 6 stone. Barley for malting, 28s. to 32s per qr. ; grinding, 26s to 28s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 18s to 25s ; old, 23s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 41s to 445; new, 35s to 3 80 per qr. LINCOLN.-THURSDAY. Our market was hold to-day in consequence of to-mores row being Good Friday. Wheat was not in large supply, and is per qr. lower. Barley limited, and tendency up wards. Oats and beans in small supply, at advanced rata. Peas scarce and dear. • New white wheat, 39s to 43s ; new red, 36s to 39s per 3 6 stone. Barley for malting, 31s to 33s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 28s per 30 stone. Oats, 20s to 255. Beans, 35s to 38s per qr. DERBY-THURSDAY. Wheat was a tolerable show and sold slowly at a decline on the currencies of last week. New white made 41s to 455; new red, 38s to 40s per 36 stone. Barley maintained its value, malting 31s to 34s per qr., grinding 27s to 29s per 30 stone. Oats, prices were against the buyers; old 20s to 28s ; new 21s to -24 s per 24 stone. Beans at extreme cur" rencies ; old 42s to 655, new 36s to 41s per 38 stone. STAMFORD.—Tuui si AY. Our market was broken to-day, it being held a day ear lier in consequence of Good Friday. The show of wheat was limited, and demand slow at lower rates. Ba r ley sold well. Oats made extreme rates.. Beans firm. New white wheat, 41s to 455. ' new red, 38s to 41s per 36 stone. Barley, malting, 31s to 335; grinding, 28s to 3 00 per qr. Oats, new, 22s to 265; old, --s to —s per 24 stone , Beans, 36s to 40s per 38 stone. Peas as heretofore. Foreign Mail Packet List. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles May 13. Brazil and Cape Verde. by British pao .. et May 4. Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena April 23. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles . ......April 25. Falkland Islands .............. . ..... . ............. Gibraltar, via SouthaMpton .......Aril 18. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.... April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles ....... . April 25. India (Bombay,), via Southampton April 2 6 . Ditto, via Marseilles April 20. Mauritius, via Southampton May 12. Ditto, via Hanel]. e 3. May O. Newfoundland May : 0 . Portugal •• • • .. . May, 4. Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon... United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet Ditto. by United States packet,-via Southamp ton • Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry—April If. West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe April 12. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico April 13. Bahamas, via New York. April Bermuda, ditto Cuba and Mexico April 23. DEATH OF CAPTAIN ROBERT WILLIAMS.—Car taro Robert Williams, Comptroller of the Household to hi° Excellency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, died on Wed" nesday morning. • Births. BINGRAIC—On the 18th inst., at Upper Norwood, the SO of Thomas Bingham, Esq., of a daughter. CURTIS._On the .11th inst., at Shoebu r y ness , th e w ife fo Major Reginald Curtis, R.A., of a son. LOWNDES.—On the 12th inst., at Braunston, the wife ° I Lieut.-Colonel Lowndes, of a daughter. Sumsow.—On the 12th inst., at 23, Thurloe-square, Lady Anne Sherson, of a son. Marriages. ' HoLLAND— ND - go t LI SAY.—On the Bth i ns t., a t St . John's, t ting-hill, Thomas Holland, to Helen Sophia, youngl i daughter of Robert Li n d say , E sq., of Clarendon-ros Notting-hill. Smrrn—DENToN.—On the 13th inst., at the Cathedra' Manchester, George Sydney, of Bowden House, Leicc . tershire, son of th e l a t e T . S m i t h , Esq., of Blore 111; Staffordshire, to Alice Eli za b e th , second daughter of r: Denton, Esq., Beverley, Yorkshire. Deaths. ALEXANDER.—On the 10th inst., at 40, Bedford-squa re ' Benjamin Alexander, Esq., aged 38. CHILD.--On the 13th inst., at St. John's-hill, Sevenoalcar Kent, George Child, Esq., aged 67. ELLis.—On the 11th inst., at Petworth, John L. Esq., aged 85. MACDOUGALL.—On the 12th inst., at Dunnollie, shire, Vice-Admiral Sir John MacDougall, K.C.1 3 1 MacDougall, aged 75. WITHERINGTON.—On the 10th inst., at Mornington-cra r cent, W. F. Witherington, Esq., R.A., aged 79. Woomorria—On the 12th inst., Francis L. P. Secrete' James Woodhouse, Esq., aged 72 London : Printed and P u bli s h e d b y WIL L IA M ANDRI4O' of No. 112, Strand, Ptinter, at THE Sox (Ace, No h il f Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County filiddlesex.—Saturday, April 16,.1865. D; ti e c Ro (3 T Ii P Cot G II P I' lkr Eel 11 C ( At n 1 o IL 1 1 F Ea x 1 c