The Sun. — London, England, 1848-12-21 00:00:00

. ASMARA= AOJIMIT Logg or LIFE BY RAILWAY TRAYELLING. METROPOLITAN COUNTIES , and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 27, REGENT-STREET, WATERLOO-PLACE, LON1;ON, INCORPORATED PURSUANT TO ACT OF PARLIAMENT At the present day, when Railway travelling has become almost universal, protection against the pecuniary loss to which the families of sufferers from the accidents incidental to it are exposed, is one of the requirements of the age. To meet this general feeling, this Society affords to all persons, of whatever class, travelling by Railway in Great Britain and Ireland, the oppertunityof insuring against loss of life by accident whilst se travelling, at the moderate premium of 10s. per cent., ix one single payment, for the whole period of life, thereby rendering unnecessary the payment of Annual Premiums, as In ordinary Life Assurance. ExAatpLE.—A person may by one single payment of 3/. assure to hie family or others the sum of 1,0001., to be paid in the event of his using his life by railway travelling in Great Britain or Ireland. F. FERGUSON CAMEO ITX, Manager. 0 4 , 1 * Prospectuses and Forms of Proposal, and all information may be obtained personally, or on application by letter, addressed to the Manager, at the Offlcos of the Society, No. 27, Regent-street, Water loo-place, London, or of any of the Local Agents. BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COM PANT. 1, Princes-street, Bank, London. limipowered by special Act of Parliament, 4th Vict., cap. 9. Capital—ONE MILLION. ADVANTAGES OF THIS INSTITUTION. MUTUAL ASSURANCE SEANCE. Complete security afforded to the Assured by means of an ample subscribed capital, and the large fluid accumulated from the pre miums on upwards of 1,008 policies. Half the amount only of the annual premium required during the Irst 11Ye years, the remaining half premiums being paid cut of the }refits, which, after lave years, will be annually divided among the Assured. PROPRIETARY BRANCH. =VIAL AMU /LARCH BRANCH. Half Pre- Whole Pre- Age. mlum, first mium, after Ire years. five years. - 20 25 30 31 40 45 50 55 Ls. . I s. d. 100 2 0 0 122 2 4 4 1 4 "1 2 9 10 1 2 6 217 0 113 3 3 6 6 1 19 6 3 19 0 2 7 9 415 6 2 IR 10 5 17 3 PROPRIEWLY BRANCH. Age. Half Pre mlurn, first seven years. Z s. d. 0 16 0 0 19 r 1 1 9 1 4 11 1 9 2 1 14 10 2 2 6 2 12 9 PETER MORRISON", Resident Director. Vie.. Cap. 1. . _ Ilik Zing William-street, London ; and 21, St. David-street, Edinburgh. Capital, One Million. - DIRECTORS. George Bonfield, Esq. Thomas Challis, Esq. and lid. Jacob George Cope, Esq. John Dixon, Esq. Joseph Fletcher, Esq. Richard Rollier, Esq. Charles Hindley, Esq., M.P. Thomas Piper, Esq. Thomas B. Simpson, Esq. Hon. C. P. Villiers, M.P. John Wilks, Esq. Edward Wilson, Esq. TO all Agents, Solicitors, Auctioneers, and Surveyors, liberal al• lewance.s is made. By order of the Directors, THOMAS PRICE, Secretary. N ATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND, 112, BISHOPSGATE:STREET, London, December 19, 1848. Thb Directors of thl National Provincial Rank of England hereby give notice, that a II ALF-YEARLY DIVIDEND, at the rate of Six per Cent. per annum, will be PAYABLE on the Company's Stock, on and after the 19th of January next, when the Dividend Warrants will be obtained at the the Company's Office, 112, Bishopsgate-street. or at the different branches. The Transfer Books will be losed on and after Wednesday next, the 27th instant, until the Dividend be comes payable. By order of the Court of Directors, DANIEL ROBERTSON, Manager. lIANWELL CHURCH WAFERS. ‘S hat's In the wafers ? Uso them, and you'll find Hanwell Churck a monument. Zeal and faithfulness episcopally rewarded. A Curate's courtesy episcopally acknowledged. An episcopal subter fuge. C. ,T. London's law, justice, and equity. Clerical opini , ns thereon. Lay opinion. Mr. Sinclair, not the Archdeacon of Mid dlesex. Pablic opinion, Bishop's Patronage, legislative interference. sold Wholesale and Retail by G. Meek, 2, Crane-court, Fleet-street, in B•xes, 4d., ed., and Is. each ; and by all stationers. PAINTING WITHOUT SMELL ; a fact sc. compll-hed by the use of the newly discovered SWEET OIL of TURPENTINE, instead of the deadly abomination called oil or spirits of turpentine. Paint mixed with it is free from smell, is im proved in brilliancy of colour, and the baneful properties of the lead being neutralized, does not emit those noxious exhalations which have hitherto been so universally avociated with painting. By this really 'minable discovery house painting is now converted into a sa nitary operation, that okay be effected at any season of the year, being productive of health and comfort, without causing the slightest derangement to the domestic economy. Sold by the gallon, cwt., er ton, by every respectable oilman in the kingdom, and at the depot, 1, Beam's-buildings, Chancery-lane, where may be seen, and copies had of, the originial certificate of Dr. Serny, a senior member of the College of Chemistry. Sold also in sample battles, 2s. each, bottles included. FOUGERE'S CELEBRATED OVERCOATS. "Mr. Fongere, of 6, Conduit-street, Tailor to his Royal Highness Prince Albert, and the successful patentee of the celebrated WELLING- TeN Svavout(now warn by almost every nobleman and gentleman In the kingdom, and suitable for every season of the year), has again provided for the comfort of the public, having just introduced ano ther new coat for winter, called `the ROYAL SIBERIAN OYERCOIT,' Which although perfectly porous, will resist twenty-four hours' in cessant rain, and while as light as a cork, is warm, pliant, and com fortable as fur. Although richly trimmed, so as to be suitable to trst-class wearers, the price is only Fifty Shillings. We heartily wish Mr. Fougere the success which his ingenuity and enterprise merit." -- Morning Chronicle. Every Genuine Coat is Stamped JAMES FOUGERE, 6, Conduit-street, Regent-street, and 1, Backlersthary, Cheapside, London. Conntry Agents Wanted. A. CHRISTMAS SKETC I love ti notice, at a time like this, The bustle of the great metropolis A thousand indications meet the eye, As glad December's holiday draws nigh. A pleasing animation we may trace In every part of every market-place. Nor can we find a spot but what is rife With animal and vegetable life. In every branch of business we discern A token of the holiday's return: In poulterers' shops the birds of various feather In goodly groups are hung and packed together ; While butchers with their tempting fat supply Give double boldness to their " What d'ye buy ?" Grocers in "greens," and those in " green and black," Amid this stir are never found to lack. The stationers, an Christmas-time draws nigh, New books display, attra live to the eye; And every railway station is a scene, Which proves that Christmas soon will intervene. " What next," cry Messrs. MOSES, " will you thus Conclude your sketch, without a word for US." Nay, Messrs. MOSES, don't imagine that 1 'Tis you alone that I've been aiming at. At such a time as this, I can't do less, Than eulogise your matchless C HRIST MA S DRESS. MOSES and SON. believe me, when I say, I highly value your superb display. You seem determined, with your rare attire, To pay due honour to the " good old sire." Such Trousers, Coats, and Vests, I never saw 1 I cease to wonder at the crowds you draw. Yours is the Warehouse, I am sure of that, At which to buy a splendid CHRISTMAS MAT. MOSES and SON, I must confess I wonder, Such Hats are sold at prices so much under. You seem resolved that we shall never lose In Christmas Hats, or CHRISTMAS BOOTS AND SHOES. My last new Wellingtons I bought of you, And better Soots I never wish to view Stylish, and firm in make, and soft to touch, I must confess that I admire them much; Nor do I, MOSES, feel the least demur, In complimenting thus your PHRISTMAS FUR. Well may the ladies to your Warehouse flock, And make selections from your varied stock; And well may judging buyers daily see The value of your CHRISTMAS HOSIERY. I trust that Christmas, Eighteen Forty eight Will make the number of your patrons great ; For in the quality of your display, And in your moderate price, you seem to say— " All may be well prepared for Christmas Day." MOSES and SON beg to call the attention of Emigrants to ;sieir low lists of outfits, commencing (including every necessary) at ` 5, ., lower if realised The lit can be had on application, or seat Ilest f ree. :Z. MOSES and SON invite especial attention to their Shooting- US, Which possess a peculiar cut, and style, adding much comfort the it. E. M. and IL are convinced they will be much approved ° I by the public. Shooting Coats, in a variety of materials from Bs. 6d. to 21s. The Doeskin, or Elastis Coat, fr0m...... • ... 17s. Ott to 325. LIST OF PRICES. SEAM' WADE. Autumn and Winter Coats, in all the new styles.. from £0 9 6 el keetertleld and Codriagton's, and every description of Over -coats, handsomely trimmed ••• • •• ••• I 5 0 Shooting Coats. ... • • • • ••••• •• • • •• • • • • • • .. • • • 0 I Autumn • and Winter Trousers .............. Doeskin cu. ..... „ • Alt turan aid Winter Vests ...............• 2 • Drees Coats ....... ....... . •• •• • ... ... 1 0 0 ?reek do. ..... ............. • • ....... . Boys' Hussar and Tunis 0 16 6 WADS TO WZASTISS. Antra and Whiter Coats, in all the newest style rom 6 0 Milled cloth Coat •.. ..... 2 2 0 Tweed Wrappers .......• ....... ..... ...• ••n IS • lDew Patent Trousers, In all tke approved styles ...... 0 18 6 beeskix Tr0u5er5......... ..... • • ...... 1 2 0 Best, or Dress.. •• •• Dress Coats . ~._.lleat quality Best quality 'reek a s• ••••• • • • • • Setts, Plain or Fancy •• .. ••..• • .. 012 0 Ilutnuir and Tunis Suits ............ ..... 1 9 0 Mourning to any extent at Five Minutes notice. A Suit if Clothes complete for 1/. 16s. I T•IO.—E. MOSES and OON invite especial attention to their pre kit Stock of juvenile attire. The designs are elegant and unique, IMt the workmanship and materials are suck as to command univer arproation, while at the same tim e th e p r i ces are unusually mo aera t e. I tottee.—A. New Department far the sale of Parasols and Chil Welt's Dresses has been opened at 157, afinories. R. MOSES aid SCAN, Tailors, Woollenarapers, Clothiers, Hatters, 'l7•L i ters• Furriers, Boot an d Sh oema k ers, and General Outfitters. for I,7es and Gentl emen , 154 , 1 5 5 , 156, Asia 157 Minories, and 81, and 86 Aldgate, City, London. i t ,; 4B erse•—lny article p urc h ase d, rea d y ma d e, or made to mea s. 0e el ' re 't im proved of, will he exchanged, or if preferred, th e --.01 turn oC a l „ a°4l o.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the against impostors, but Stave learned that the untradesman `alaell"d of being connected with them, or it's the same concern, ms b een resorted t o i n many i nstances, and far obvious reasons. ft , "3 , have a* connexion with any other house in or out of London; ITS those who desire genuine and chess clothing, See., should call at, wr.,tnd Minories and Aldgate, City, Londo n . '"Lice.—No business transacted at this establishment from sun 61ism ock. dail till SullSet Saturday, when bustnos is resumed till twelve The lowest rates consistent with security to the Assured. An increasing scale of premiums, peculiarly adapted to cases where assurances are effected for the purpose of securing loans or debts. Half-credit rates of premium, whereby credit is given for half the amount of premium for seven years, to be then paid eft; er remain a charge upon the policy, at the option of the holder. EXTRACTS FROM THIS TABLES. Initial Premiums required for an Assurance of 1001. for the whole Term of Life. Whole Pre mium after seven years. X 1. d. 1 16 0 1 19 2 2 3 6 2 9 10 2 18 4 3 9 8 4 i 0 5 5 6 THE GENERAL LIFE AND ASSUR. /NCB COMPANT. Established 1837. illinpowered by Special Acta ofParliament, 3d 'Plc., Cap. 20, and 10 The CHRISTMAS Fire renewal receipts are now ready, and may be had en application at the Head Offices of the Company, or of any of its Agents throughout the country. In the Life Department the Company transacts all business re lating to Life Assurances. Deferred Annuities, or Family Endow ments. upon the meet liberal terms consistent with sound principles aid public security. N ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSU RANCE SOCIETY, 26, CORNHILL, LONDON'. Notice is hereby given, that the HALF-YEARLY INTEREST on the CAPITAL STOcK of this SOCIETY, at the rate of 5 per Cent. per Annum, due on the 31st inst., together with the BONUS thereon declared at the Annual Mee'ing in May last, will become PAYABLE on the 10th JANUARY next, and Proprietors may receive the same at this °Rice, on that or any subsequent day, between the hours of Eleven and Three o'clock. By order of the Court of Directors, W. S. P. WOOLHOUSE, Actuary. 'a 196 ahy; n and. .r bag iorni; ttish r. E. . 7 : - ':: - '- . . 2 .• . .-...,.: . . ..-,.., 4. , •,. . 4 . ~ .... - , 7- : - ...75 , •.4;4.,.-., ~ . •,.. ' 11 7, . • ~ ' 4.4 5 , ff , ."."7.q :,, ~,,.k4,4 :' ,4 .y. - i- ›',.' 4: „. • 1 7 :` ,, ~: ' : 7,,, ' ' ...,.,..., eto . ~,,,.4., t, 7., '' n' Ato .. 0 %.„ .... asp , le ....„... . tbr l k , ~ ‘...... -001k41 .. ( ' -: ‘- • ' I V ' Atq i . 4 ~,.01/.,--, ).',..‘ , . .. , ~..... _ ~ . ~, ~. , AN- 1 ;-": I '''',,_ ~•,. I ~,,-.. I 1 '?„,..- -.., , -• , \ \'' '- t - ,3,• „. ••";., '':- • . . ~4r, :,,, „„ ,1. , ~, ...4 ...,, ,„,._: 3 lfr s,•• * KA . ,; i , _,-- . ~,..',,, AA? •-1. - • 4- , . ‘ , .','."'7.,e:• 2 jiii, , . ~.-. ~ ,,, , , ,, i—.. - ...., - -, ! ,..-, N,) , - .4 ~ .:,,,..,`' * '.7.. .^, :,?'" /t '‘ --___ . 5-"' " ''' ' '' 'A jit .. l : - ;-' I* r.. r,, & ..,._ , , . r. , N0.17,547.] LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING fIONVEY ANCE of her Majesty's MAILS be tween ENGLAND and the BRAZILS and BUENOS AYRES. Department of the Ccmptroller for Victualling and Transport Services, Somerset-place, December 19, 184 i. The Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby give notice, that on THURSDAY, the 25th January next, at One o'clock, they will be ready to receive Tenders, under Conditions, which may be seen at the above Office, for the Monthly Conveyance each way of her Majesty's Mails and Dispatches, between ENGLAND and RI.) DE JANEIRO and BUENOS AYRES, by Vessels propelled by Auxiliary Screws, or by full power Paddle wheels. All Tenders are to be made upon the Printed Form provided for the purpose, which mity be had upon application as above, and tkey are to be addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, at Somerset place, with the words, " Tender for the Conveyance of Mails," and " Comptroller for Victualling and Transport Services," in the left hand corner of tie envelope. Nu Tender will be received after One o'clock on the day of Treaty, nor will,any be noticed, unless the party attends, or an agent for him, duly authorised in writing. Every Tender must be delivered at the above Office, and must ex press when and where the vessels will be ready for survey, and when they will be completely ready for sea, and also state the address of the party tendering. VINE INN, COMMERCIAL FAMILY HOTEL, and POSTING-HOUSE, STOURBRIDGE. WILLIAM FORD, (Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons) in announcing to Families, Commercial Travellers, and the Public in general, that he has entered upon the above celebrated House, late in the occupation of Mr. Francis Richards, begs to solicit their patronage, and to assure them that no exertion on his part shall be wanting to supply every comfort which it is in the power of a landlord of an Hotel to afford. W. F. also begs to announce that his Establishment will be con ducted on a system of fixed charges, combining liberality with eco nomy, and hopes, by attention to his patrons, to uphold the former character of the House, as one of the most comfortable on the road. Yost Horses, Flys, &c., on the shortest notice, and on reasonable terms. Short distances, not exceeding One Mile, Es. 6d., Driver in eluded. GRAY'S -INN WIN. The attention of the Public WINES and SPIRITS, which are •E ESTABLISHMENT. c is directed to the uadermextioned strongly recommended for general c .nsumption W INES. per dozen. SPIRITS. per gallon. Port from the wood • ... • . 40, Cognac Wendy •• • 21s and 24S 1 4 years in bottle 42d The pure pale do. per doz... • 60s Sherry, excellent Dinner Wine 30. Finest Scotch Whiskey, per g4l Do. superior old .. Marsala, best quality.... • • Cape ..... .... 18s British Brandy . . HENEKEY, KISLINGBURY, and CO. 23, High Holborn P.S. Sample Bottles may be had. Price Currents, containing a 'he varieties of their pock, forwarded upon application. T LIE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION, REGENT -STREET. Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry, by Dr. Ryan, at Half-past Three, daily, and on the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Fri day, at Nine o'clock.—A Lecture on Voltaic Electrcity, and the Electrio Light, on the Evenings of Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur day, at Nine o'clock, by Dr. Ilachhoffner.—Also on Pneumatics daily at Two o'clock.—The Microscope at One o'clock daily.—The Dissolving Views, with historical descriptions.—The Chromatrope. The Phantasmagoria, by Childe, at Eight o'clo c k—Di ver and Diving-bell.—Working Models explained. Open daily from Eleven to Five , and in the Evenings (including •aturday) from Seven till Ralf-past Ten. Admission Is.—SchoMs ,llaff-price —The New Catalogue. is. FAULTLESS NIGHT LIGHTS. THE NEW PATENT ALBERT NIGHT LIGHTS are the best, cleanest, most simple and safe, OM- Merit, and economical In Boxes at 6d., containing 8, 10, or 12 Lights, to burn 9,7, or 5 hours each. To he used in the Albert Lamps, at 3d., 6 , 1., 9d., or Is. each. Sold retail by Grocers, Oilmen, Lamp Dealers, and Chemists everywhere. 'IIHE ALBERT NiGHT LIGHTS are the best. Price 6d. per Box . Sold everywhere. THE BEST APERIENT and ANTIBILIOUS MEDICINE for general use is FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, which effectually relieves the stomach and bowels by gentle relaxation, without griping or pr Stratt on o f strength. They remove head-ache, sickness, r izziness, pains in the chest, &c., are hi hly grateful to the stomach, promote digestion, create appetite, re lieve laneour and depression of spirits ; while to those of full habit and free livers, who are continually suffering from drowsiness, heavi ness, and singing in the head and ears, they offer advantages that will not fail to be appreciated. This mediciWee has for many years received the approval of the most respectahle classes of society ; and in confirmation of its effi cacy, the following letter has been kindly forwarded to Mr. Prout, with permission to publish it, and if requisite, to refer any respect able person to its author:— " 1•o Mr. "'rout, 229, Strand, Lon .son. Heavitree, Exeter, April 24, 1844. " Sta,--I feel pleasure in being able to hear my strong and unsoli cited testimony to the excellence ofyour Frampton's Pill of Health,' which I consider a most safe, efficacious, and very superior ge neral medicine. The widow of an ofil •er, an elderly lady, and near relative of mine, has used them very rarely having re course to any other medicine for a lone period of years. She has recommended them extensively, and in one Instance in which she induced a perdu to adopt them, and supplied the first box herself, they have proved of extraordinary efficacy. I think th ,t, perhaps, there is scarcely any other of the many patent medi cines before the public ofequal value as a friend in need ;' certainly none possessed of superior claims. I shall be happy on all occasions to give them my individual recommendation; and am, Sir, " Your obedient servant, ** I * Sold by T. Prout, 229, Strand, London. Price Is. 134 d. and 2s. fd, per box. Also by the venders of medicines generally throughout the kingdom. Ask for FRAMPTON'S PILL of HEALTH, and observe the name and address of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London," on the Go vernment Stamp. PU. NS. ANOTREIt ENLARGEMENT. WEEKLY OF THEI DISPATCH This Journal at present the largest In existence—un rivalled for its early intelligence and uneompromislug advocacy of the Rights of Mankind—will be EN, On and after SUNDAY, L the 7 ARGED th of .7ANITkRY, 1849, to SIXTEEN RAGES, CONTAINING SIXTY-FOUR COLUMNS, OF Tmii SAME SIZE AND FORM IS AT PRESENT, WITHOTT ANY EXTRA CHARGE By its zeal i n the cause of progress, C and its staunch devotion to the interests of the People, the DISPATCH has become a terror to the upholder of abuses, and a powerful auxiliary on behalf of the oppressed, whose wrongs will always meet with sympathy and xposure. Encouraged by their success, and anxious to extend the sphere of their Political Influence and Social Utility, the Proprietors have re solved on the proposed Enlargement of tke DISPATCH, which here after will answer the purpose of FOUR NEWSPAPERS, sad tkus accommodat e four readers at one and the same time. The columns of the DISPATCH will still continuo to be enriched by the powerful contributions of " PUBLICOLA," "CAUSTIC," " CENSORIUS," ELIZA COOK, and other writers eminently distinguished for thek' literary attain ments, and whose opinions have ever advocated the cause of the People, in opposition to tyranny and injustice. It may also be ob served, that the POOR MAN will always receive LEGAL ADVICE and assistance, as heretofore, from the DISPATCH. A beautiful New Type has been cast, on which the DISPATCH 11l next year be printed. Advertisers are respectfully requested to forward their Advertise ments on or before Friday Afternoon, otherwise no attention can be paid to them for the current number. An Edition of the DISPATCH is published at Five o'Clock every Saturday morning, for transmission by the First Train and Morning Mails, so that persons residing in towns 250 miles from London may receive it the same evening. An EXPRESS EDITION of the DISPATCH is published every SUNDAY AFTERNOON, containing news direct from Paris, and other parts of the Contineit, tip to eight o'clock on Saturday. Evening To prevent disappointment, orders should be given early to Mr. RICHARD WOOD, 139, Fleet-street, London, to whom Post-office Orders may be made payable, or to any of the Newsvenders, In town and country. TThis day is published, i n 2 , 000 Royal Octavo Pages, price 365. HE POST.OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY FOR 1849, Being the Fiftieth Annual Publication. The following are some of the principal contents:—Official Direc tory—Street Directory—Commercial Directory—Trades' Directory —Law Directory—Court Directory—Parliamentary Directory—Pos tal Directory—City Directory —Conveyance Directory—Banking Directory, &c., &c., &c. This Edition of the Work has been most favourably noticed in the metropolitan journals. For Revews, see Times, Nov. 30th, 1848 ; Morning Herald, Nov. 30th ; Morning Post, Nov. 30th ; Morning Chronicle, Dec. let ; Sun, Nov. 30th ; Morning Advertiser, Dec. 2d ; pectator, Doc. 2 dWeekly Dispatch, Dc. era_ Globe, Dec. sth ; John null, Dec. 9th ; Brltannia, Dec. 9th ; e hpath's Railway Journal, Dec. 9th; Literary Gazette, Dee. 9th. Kelly and Co 19 and 20, Old Bos we ll- court, Temple-bar ; and all Booksellers in Town and Country. PRINCE LOUIS NAPOLEON. (From the Pod) As everybody is natural 4, anxious to know some thing of the opinions of the new President of the French Republic, we now giv e Hs views on one most important soci a l su bj ect, as they were em b o di ed i n his work, " Extinction du Pau[irisme." This little volume, of which we chance to possess a copy, was published in 1844, having been written in the spring of that year, when his incarceration in the fortress of Ham afforded ample opportunity for undisturbed con sideration of the subject. The observations, of the whole of which we subjoin a trarelation, may, there fore, be taken as the deliberate opinions of the Prince on a public question of deep and increasing importance : ig„„ A A One half the world are desolately single, and the other , upposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a ease of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em s:tter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea of caution and worldly prudence, and the Indissoluble, regret an 7omprosing Barry; but the truth Iles deeper. Physical incapacity, end broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness end social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set tlement. Honour and justice demand that health should form au item 'n the compact; it alone dignifies the affiance. /Slighted hopes or neglect wennd more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if ,bese surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little FMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 2 vole., Is. each (by post, in stamps, is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively er prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered oy misinterpretation of their *apposed contents, from obtaining Tem. They are not intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, but or the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or ogether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other 'ale publications claim yoar attention (same price Is. each, by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and Avoid," and " How to be Nappy." They are not merely -mphiets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's !lfe, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob ervanee of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he would be done unte—te live atter itature's laws—and to keep always in the " sunny side of the way." The above works may he had of -herwood, 23, raterncster-row ; Carvalhe, 147, Fleet .street • Mann, ; Nalson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other wise) from the Ruttier (who may he conferred with personally, urn:mugs and c,ventnea). Arzvil-roa4 o l o wePt-Qtreel " (1 oil R Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravingt ou :steel. iN PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE. New Edition, enlarged. to 155 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or by nest, direct from the Establishment 3s. 6d. in postage stamps, TrIE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work OD the infirmities and decay of the generative system, ffom ex essive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury, -vlth remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis aialifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. fiV R. and PERKY and CO., Consulting Sargeons, lit, Berners-street, Ox ford-street, London. eublished by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; starie, 23, Titchbonae-street, Haymarket ; and Gordon, 146, Leaden hall-street. PART I. treats of the anatensy and physiology of the re-productive organs, and is Illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings. Pan' 11, treats of the consequences resultin gfromexces m si e v a e p i a n c d ft u y l- . cnce, and their lamentable effects on the syst em, producing mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generativeinfection,3tion, either in Illustrated b) Three Explanatory Engravings. Pater 111. treats of the diseases resulting from :he primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for their treatment. This .ection is illustrated Seventeen Coloured Engravings. PANT IV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease by a simple app ication, by which the danger of infection is ob viated. This important part of the Work should not escape the eader's notice. S'AR' v, is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its juties. The ceases of unproductive union are also considered, and he whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into. 4 Teretloanim, FIALM or syaucum is exclusively employed in treat elrsimp,oetenEcses,entce: a l ,. ls. a an iti d -s 3 yp 3s hi . li p t e ic r hoeg s, r" The a and o s n ema t i r d a e t( ! ( i i l Detersive • ernely, for purifying the blood in cases of intection, secondary symp urns, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, lie, and 335. per battle "crry's , Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. M., ds. 6d., and I Is. per box, a certait remedy for rozorrhcea, Meet, stricture, and chronic inflamma t ‘ , l of the blvider. IThrmiltaflon fep, if hy utter, 11. A minut, retail of the case is required : age, h'ibits, and position in society. 4,. Packets, with advice, to he • , ,it tat the Es ablic , imelit sly , by which the tee, 1., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in atter- dance lnily at 19, Bornerg-.tree.. Oxford-stree , , London, r 0,,, von till Two, and Five to Eight on Samistv. from Eleven to (Ina OVE is the leading feeling of the human breast. More exalted than mere passion, it soars high above every other impulse of nature, and is not only strong er th an avarice, but more engrossing even than ambiton. No man is exempt from its influence, or can avoid its sway; and business, pleasure, philo sophy, and divinity itself become neglected under the enthralling power of LOVE, which, unlike most things, increases in intensity with time, until it receives the sacred consummation of marriage. When union does not take place, however, this passion, this !ervour, this golden tide of the manliest feelings becomes a deadly poison in the heart, which now darkens, as it before bright ened, all things upon earth. How is it that men, of most un changeable habits, will change at the very altar, and after a life time spent in the fulfilment. of every engagement, snap the very con tract'asunder which should be most binding to an honourable mind? It is the effect of conscience. The Lover, by enervation of early habits, or the results of secret disease, knows himself to be disqualified, and dares not enter a state which has been h-stituted by Divine Law for the fulfilment of important ends. The wretched condition of such a being must subsequently be beyond measure deplorable I Loving and beloved, he entails the most miserable disappointments on the object of his choice, and upon himself a desolation the most horrible, when the simple possession of natural attributes would change the scene, and yield to both a life of unalloyed happiness The subject is interesting, and deserves the attention of all. Those desirous of investigating It will find the tidiest and most satisfactory information in the little work entitled SELF-PRESERVATION, illustrated by forty coloured engravings on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the reproductive organs ; with practical observa lens on the secret infirmities of youth and maturity, resulting from ielitary habits, excesses, o:• infection. By SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D., Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated ;Wencher of the University of Edinburgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' !Jail, London, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c. This treatise is the result of a long course of study in a peculiar and much neglected branch of medical practice, and the author havinK ob tained the hichest medical honours, is a guarantee for his profes sional experience, which has reference almost Solely to the treat ment of these diseases. REVIEW OF THE WORE. La'Mert on the Infirmities of Youth andilafurity.—" There are scenes in the drama of life which are acted with no spectator but Conscience ; and of these the result Is ever disastrous. Happy the mortal who meets with a timely mentor to snatch him from the gulf Into which such scenes must plunge him 1 In the hook before us suck a monitor is to be found, calculated to warn and ivitruct the erring, wkhout Impairing one idea that can vitiate a mind not al ready tutored by the vices of which it treats. It is written in a style of masterly precision and lucidity, blending the profoundest truths of Y arid morality.physics with the loftiest precept s of morality. It is a hi production calculated to confer a vital benefit, physically and morally, upon all who are tempted from the rigid path of abstemiousness and propriety. A father may trust it in the hands of his boy. By un taught innocence the hook is not, of course, needed . hut he: ever laxity has prevailed, the tender yet awful voice breatitine• In these pages Is likely to prove as strikingly beneficial as the admonitions of a homily blended with the practical advice of a writer on medicine." —United Kingdom Magazine. The work may be had price 2s. 6d., of Kent and Richards, 52, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Stacie, Tit-111,0rue street, Haymarket ; Gordon, 144. Leadenhall-street ; Mansell, 115, Fleet-street; or, free by post, for forty-two stamps, from the author's -esidence, whe may be consulted ou these disorders personally, or y letter, day, ft•om Ten to Two, or from Flee ic Eight. $7, iika)FORD-IiStIJAKE,...LONDON, _/- 7/2 S N , DECEMBER 21, 1848. patcE SD. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXVIL, will be published in S aturday, December 30. CONTENTS: I. The North-Western Railway. 11. Diary of Count Wessonberg. 111. Duke a Argyll on the Church. IV. Layard's Discovery of Nineveh. V. Germav—Austria—Prussia. Vanity Fair—Jane Eyre--GovernesseS. VII. Italian Intervention. VIII. PuOlic Education in France. IX. The Castlereagh Papers. John Murray, Albemarle-street. A GIFT BOOK FOR ILL SEASONS. THOMPSON'S POETICAL WORKS. Just published, in one volume, foolscap Svo., price 75. is sloth s l 2s. 6d. orocco extra THE POETICALin mWORKS,OF JAMES THOMPSON, comprisin g a ll hi s Pastoral, Dramatic, Lyrical, and Didactic Poems, and a few of his Juvenile Productions. With a Life of the Author by the Rev. Patrick Murdoch, D.D., and Note , by Nichols. Seven Illustrations from Drawings by J. Gil bert, Esq., and engraved on steel by W. Greatbach, Esq. Also, In One Volume, f oo l scap 23ve., fine paper, price 3s, in cloth ; lOs. 6d. in moroeco extra. rHE SEASONS mid the CASTLE of aINDO LENCE. With Life, by the Rev. Patrick Murdoch, D.D., and .Notes by Nichols. Five Illustrations from irrawings, by J. Gilbert, Esq., and engraved on steel by 'W. Greatbach, Esq. London : William Tegg and Ce., Cheapside. THE C",MPREHENSIVE KNITTING BOOK. Illustrated with numerous Engravings, and three hundred and se venty Receipts. Oblong Bvo. bound in crimson cloth, price 7e. 6d,; sentfree for Bs. friHE COMPREHENSIVE KNITTING BOOK, by ESTHER COPLEY, author of" Cottage Comforts," " Early Friendships," &c. Ste. * 4 .* All the instructions contained in this volume are written from actual working; and many of the patterns, and yet more of the articles described, are entirely original ; forming one of the most complete books of this kind yet published. London : William Tegg and Ce., Cheapside ; to be h a d of all Bookselle rs and Berli n Wool Warehouses. MESSRS. SMITH, ELDER, AND CO. have just Published the following NEW ROOKS. IT R By EDWARD P. THOMPSON, Esq. Author of " Life in Russia." CONTENTS The Austrian Empire—State P& lcy — Statesmen—Educatlon —Re ligion and Religious Orders—Army — Peasantry—Middle Class—No bility—Orders and Decorations —Rights of Sovereign and Form of Government—Feudal Oblig , tions—Revenue and Statistics—Social System—Police and Prisons—Vienna and the Viennese—Present Po sition and Prospects of the Empire. One vol. post /Ivo., with a portrait of the Emperor. I A ...,.. TH E T 0 W ITS MEMORABLE CHARACrERS AND EVENTS, N (From St. Paul's to St. James's). Ity LEIGH HUNT. 2 yols. post Bvo., with Forty-fly. Illustrations, price 245. cloth. " One of Leigh Hunt's masterpieces. It is emphatically a book for Christmas time."—Examiner. " Among the ♦ery pleasantest works of Leigh Hunt. There is not a page which does not furnish its anecdote."—Spectator. " Two volumes fall of delightful gossip."—Britannia. B OOK of ENGLISH EPITHETS, LITERAL and FIGURATIVE. With Elementary Remarks and Minute References to abundant Authorities. By JAMES JERMYN. One vol. imperial SYo., price 9s. cloth. T IV. IZEVET . HL AN. A Cornish Story. By WILLIAM DAVY WATSON, Esq., Barrister-at• Law. 3 vols. post Bvo. "A deeply interesting story, written with remarkable power and true dramatic effect."—John Bull. "A story of strong dramatic interest, extremely well told the in• cidet;ts are numerous, varied, and striking, and the characters are well drawn and nicely discriminated."—Naval and Military Gazette. " A spirited and able novel, original in conception, with a plot of deep interest."•—Sunday Times. " A good story, c'everly managed and toll in a manly tone. The characters are engaged in a natural course of action, very nicely and steadily sustained."—Examiner. London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. PENCER'S CHINESE LIQUID HAIR DYE. 7 The thousands of individuals who for upwards of twenty years have used this celebrated liquid, pronounce it to be the only article extant which effectually changes, in a few minutes, red or grey hair, whiskers, moustaches, fec., to a dark brown or black, without trouble (by "imply combing it through the hair), and pro luces by one application a pleasing and permanent change; and it can be incontestibly proved, that while many dyes tend to destroy the hair by their pernicious properties and dangerous process of ap plication, that this article promotes the growth of hair, nourishing the roots till the latest period of life. Price 3s. 6d., 65., and 108. per bottle. h itrTeet , b l e y h a t d e . o h f a p t e h i e_ r. P a r d o , p r, r i o e n t d o o r ; 2 a 9 1 , o N o o f t n r g . h j it o m h - n p s l t e o c n e e , F 6 i B e . l d c g o a r t n e : hill ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Prout, 229, Strand ; Sanger, 150, Oxford street; Barclay, Farringden-street ; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond- Street; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London bridge ; Finnigin, Nillsom-street, Bath ; Elmore, Bull-street, Birmingham ; Roberts, 23, Church-street, Liverpool ; and of most Perfumers and Medicine Vendors in town and country. Sent to any part of the kingdom by receiving a remittance, pest-paid. Please to ask for " Spencer and Co.'s Chinese Liquid Hair Dye!" Observe. the Proprietor's address is on the wrapper. ON SERV-GUS DEBILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASES. Just published, the Thirty-sixth Thousand, as improved edition, re vised and corrected, 120 pages, price 2s. he a sealed envelope, or forwarded by the Author, post paid, to any address, secure from observation, for 2s. 6d., in postage stamps, illustrated with int rnerous Anatomical Coloured Engravings, MANHOOD: the CAUSES of' its PREMA TURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for its PERFECT RESTORATION. A Medical Essay on those Diseases of the Generative Organs, emanating front Solitary and Sedentary Habits, indiscriminate Ex cesses, the Effects of Climate and Infection, &c., addressed to the sufferer in Youth, Manhood, and Old Age; with Practical Remarks on Marriage, the Treatment and Cure of Nervous and Mental De bility, Impotency, Syphilis, and other Urine-Genital Diseases, by which even the meet shattered constitution may be restored, and withrea chntuhmeThe i n whole eo illustratedlour, efrnollus periodAnatomicalof life allotted Engravi t n o g explain lag the various functions, secretions, and structures of the repro ductive Organs in health and disease ; with instructions for private correspondence, cases, &c. M s on Steel, By J. L. CURTIS, Surgeon, 7 . Frith-street, Soho-square, London. " manhood.' A Itedical Work.—To the gay and thought lees we trust this little work will serve as a beacon to warn them of the Unger attendant upon the too rash indulgence of their passions, whilst to some it may serve as a monitor in the hour of tempta tion, and to the afflicted as a care guide to health.”—Chronicle. " ' Manhood. By J. L. Curtis.—Their long experience and re putation he the treatment of these painful diseases is the patient's guarantee, and well deserves for the work its immense cirulatiOn.” —Era. " Curtis on Manhood' should be in the hands of youth and old age. It is a medical publication, ably written, and developes, the treatment of a class of painfttl maladies which has too long be es the prey of the illiterate and the d es i gn i ng. " — United Service Gazette. The Parent, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and' last approaching to a premature grave, in consequence of some disease, which, for want of careful investigation of its real cause, has been set down to the score of consumption, will, en perusing this •work, be astonished to find, that in nine-tenths of the cases of young- per =one of both sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary con sumption, heart disease, tabes, kc., the sole and exclusive origins has teen the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by youth In , lch more freqwently than it is at all suspected. N.B. Hours of consultation from Eleven till Two. mid elm to Eight 4 n •he Rvoning. BREWERS' AND DISTILLERS' CLERKS' PROYIDENT SOCIETY FOR WIDOWS AND ORPHANS.—The ninth anni versary of the institution of this excellent charity was celebrated on Monday, at the New Corn-Excllange Hot , I, Mr. J. 11. Wynne in the chair. After the usual loyal t{,usts, the prosperity of the society, and the health of its patrons. C. Barclay, Esq., Robert flsnbury, Esq., Sir E. N. Buxton, C. Tanqiieray, Esq., and other gen tlemen, 11,:d been (ily honoured, the chairman strongly enforced the duty of all trades and professions to sup port energetically such benevolent designs as that they were now ass-mbleal to celebrate. Mr. Davidion, in returning flanks for the health of the past president, reverted to the gratifying fact, that whereas he had said. some years ago that he doubted not they should have, 2,0001. in hand in 1850, his prediction had been agree ably Gasified, for they had at the present time a fund of 5,0001. Mr. Charles Pawley returned thanks fur the trustees, Mr. Beonett for the visitors, and thanks having been voted to the auditors and chairman, a harmonious evening closed the festive and philanthropic meeting. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. I must say a word in explanation of the title of this pamphlet. Perhaps it will be conceived (as a writer of no small merit has already observed) that the expression " Ex tinction of Pauperism" has silo direct reference to a work whtise single object is the, welfare of the working classes. True it is, that between the misery arising out of a compulsory stagnation of labour on the one side, and pauperism on the other (resulting so frequently from vice), a great difference exists. Nevertheless that the one is the immediate consequoce of the other may well be maintai ne d ; for to diffuse - Competence, education, and morality among the labouring ' which, of all, is th e most numerous, this, if nciVb, class, extirpate pauperism, i s t o remove it to iiy.ery great extenl i - • ro For this reaso n to ppotiff einethodnalculated to initiate the masses is all the advantages of civilization is to dry up the fountain heads of ignorance, vice, and wretchedness. Therefore, without any extravagant boldness, I conceive I may keep my title—" Extinction of Pauperism." I offer my reflections to the public in the hope that, when developed and reduced to practice, they may tend to general utility and relief. In adversity it is natural to think of those who suffer. NAPOLEON LOUIS BONAPARTE, CHAPTER I. Fort of Ham, May, 1844 The wealth of a country depends on the prosperity of agriculture and industry, on the development of domestic and foreign traffic, and on the equitable distribution of the public revenues. Nut one of these elements of material prosperity but is sapped in France by an organic canker. All inde pendent persons acklowledge this. The only difference among them is as to the remedy. AGRICULTURE.—It is averred that the extreme sub division of property is the bane of agriculture, aid yet the re-establishment of the law of primogeni ture , w hi c h was the main s t a y o f l arge p r operties, and the lite of ex tended cultivation, is impossible. In a political sense this is fortunate. INDUSTRY.—lndustry, that source of opulence, is at present without rule, organization, or aim. It is an engine working without a regulator, and cares little what force it employs. Grinding beneath its wheels men and materials alike, it unpeoples the fields, collects crowds in spots where there is not a breath of air, en feebles at once mind and body, and casts forth on the streets the operatives whom it may no longer know how to turn to account, and who have sacrificed, to swell its gains, strength, youth, and a life. The true Saturn of labour, Industry, devours its children, and lives by their death. Must we, however, in order to ob viate these defects, place industry under an iron yoke, deprive it of the liberty which is its life, kill it, in fact, because it kills, without taking its immense benefits into any account ? We think it will be eulEcient if we cure those whom it has wounded, - and destroy its power to wound. But this must be done at once. Society is no fictitious being, but a body with flesh and bones, which can pros per only in proportion as all its component parts are well and thriving. Some effectual remedy for evils of industry is needed ; the common good, the voice of humanity, the very inter est of Governments call for this imperiously. DOMESTIC COMMEROE.—Domestic commerce suffers because industry producing overmuch in proportion to the slender remuneration which it affords for labour, and agriculture not producing enough, the nation is thus composed of producers unable to sell, and of con sumers starving, yet unable to buy; and this ill-poised position obliges the Government, as well here as in Eng land, to go even to China in quest of a f ew t h ousand consumers, while milli ons o f English and French are around them destitute of every necessary, and who, ii they could only buy food and clothing of a decent kind, would create an infinitely more important commercial activity than could be derived - from the most advan tageous treaties. FOREIGN COMMERCE.—The causes which paralyse our exports are too closely bound up with politics for dis cussion here. Enough to say that the amount of ex ports is always in exact proportion to the number of bullets which a country can send among its enemies on any call of honour or dignity. Recent events in China prove the truth of this. Let us now speak of taxation. France is one of the meat heavily-taxed countries in Europe. Perhaps she would be the wealthiest if her revenues were distributed with perfect justice. The levying of a tax may be compared to the action of the sun absorbing the earth's vapours, in order afterwards to dispense them b ac k i n rain, wherever the ground re quires water for fertility and productiveness. When this return is duly made, fecundity is the result; but when the sky, in its anger, pours back the collected vapours in storms, waterspouts, and hurricanes, the germs of pro duction are destroyed, and barrenness follows; for some receive more than they want, and others much less than they need. Nevertheless, whatever may have been the clement or inclement action of the atmosphere, yet al most always by the end of the year the same amount 01 moisture will be found to have been absorbed and re. turned. The only difference, then, is that caused by the distribution. Regular and just, it creates plenty; thrift less and uneven, it produces dearth. So it is with a good or evil administration. If the sums annually raised from the population are employed for unproductive purposes, such as the creation of use , less places, the erection of barren monuments, the main tenance, during profound peace, of an army more expen sive than that which coequered at Austerlitz, taxation then becomes a crushing burden ; it exhausts the coun try; it takes without returning. Bat if, on the other hand, thos e resources are empoyed in the creation of fresh elements of production, in the re-establishment of the equipoise of wealth, in the destruction of misery, by the organization and stimulation of labour, and, in fine, in the cure of the ills cons( quent upon our civilization then certainly taxation, as a Minister once said from the tribune, is the best of investments for the citizen. Therefore in the budget we must find the cornerstone of every system intended to relieve the working classes To leek for that corner -stone elsewhere is chimerical. The savings bank is doubtless useful for the easier class of operatives. It supplies him with the means of beneficially using his superfluous earnings; but for the most numerous class, who have no savings, and no means of saving, this system is altogether insufficient. In point of fact, to attempt to relieve the misery of men who know not how to live, by proposing that they should each year lay by a something which they have not, is a mockery and an absurdity. What, then, is to be done? This. Our equalising laws on the division of property ruin agriculture; we must remedy the inconvenience by an association whi c h, employing all hands o u t o f work, may redintegrate pro perty and tillage on the grand scale, without detriment to our political principles. Every day industry summons to our cities men whom it enervates. We must recall to the country the super fluous masses of our towns, and repair in a pure atmo• sphere so many worn minds and bodies. The working class possesses nothing ; we must make it a proprietary. Its only wealth is its hands. W e must place in reach of those hands employment useful to the whole community. It is like a people of Helots in the midst of a population of Sybarites. We must give it a social place, and bind up its interests with those of the soil. Finally, this class is without organization and without ties, without rights and without a future ; we must give it rights and a future, and elevate it in its own eyes by association, education, discipline. CRAPTER IL—PRoPoszTiox. For the accomplishment of a design so worthy of the democratic and philanthropic spirit of the age, so neces sary to the general welfare, so useful t o the repose of sogiety, three things are requisite : Ist, a law; 2d, a first deposit of funds taken the budget ; 3d , a system. 1. Tun Law.—There are in France, ac cording to official agricultural statistics, 9,190,000 hectares of un cultivated ground, belonging to Government, to the commons, boroughs, or to individuals. These fells, heathers, commons, pastures, yield but a very slender revenue, eight francs the hectare. It is a sunken capi tal, profitable to no one. Let the Legislature decree that this untilled ground belong of right to the opera tive association, provided there be annually paid to the present owners what they now derive therefrom. Let I the Legislature give to these fallow hands these equally fallow tracts, and the two unproductive capitals will re vive by each other's ministration. This will be a means of at one and the same time relieving misery and en riching the country. To avoid the reproach of exag geration, we will suppose that but two-thirds of these nine millions of hectares can be surrenders(' to the as sociation, and that the remaining third is either un cultivable or occupied by buildings, streams, canals, &c. The work would be made possible by the crea tion of agricultural colonies, which, spread all over France, would constitute the basis of a single immense organization, of which every poor workman would be a Metnbt r, without being personally a shareholder 'of the property. 2. THE DEPOSIT —The advances requisite for this establishment should be supplied by the State. Accord ing to our estimate, this sacrifice would amount to about 300,000,000 of francs, payable . in four y ears, for by the end of that time those colonies, while supporting a large number of operatives would have begun to realise a t r.fit, By the end of ten years the Government could thence raise a positive tax of about 8,000,000, withoat reckoning the natural increase of the indirect duties, sense, and the expret monly cor, the receipt from which always swells with the general diffusion of comfort. This advance of 300,000,000 francs would, therefore. be no sacrifice, but a splendid investment. And when the State thinks of the end, how could it refuse this ad vance—the State which spends annually 46,000,000 ft r the purpose of preventing or of punishing the attacks at property, which sacrifices every year 300,000,000 to fashion the nation to a military life, and at this moment purposes 120,Q00,000 for the construction of new prisons Ina word, could the country which without ruin has given two milliards to its invaders —which without a murmur has paid one milliard to emigrants—which without flinching spends two or three hundred millions upon the fortifications of Paris—could such a country hesitate to pay 300,000,000 in four years for the purpose of de stroying pauperism, of emancipating the unions ("com munes") from, the immense burden imposed on them by destitution, and, in fine, of augmenting our territorial wealth by more than a milliard? 3. ORGANIZATION.—The masses are nothing without organization; they are everything with discipline. With out organization they cannot speak, nor even make them selves understood; they cannot hear—they cannot re ceive a common impulse. On the one side the voice of 20,000;000 of persons, scattered over a vast territory, is lost, without even an echo; and on the other side no words are loud and persuasive enough to convey from a common centre to the consciences of 20,000,000, without recognised intermediaries, the ever harsh doctrines of authority. Now-a-days the reign of castes is over: you can go vern by the masses only; they must, then, be organised, that they may give form to their will—and be disci plined, that they may be directed and enlightened on the subject of their own interests. Domineering by violence over a people is no longer now to govern it; to govern it is to conduct it to a better future, by appealing to its reason and its heart. But as the masses require to be instructed and moralised, and as, in its turn, authority requires to be restrained and enlightened with respect to the interests of the majority, it is quite necessary that there should be two co ordinate movements in society—the influence of autho rity upon the masses, the influence of the masses upon authority. Now, these two agents cannot operate with out a collision, if there be not mediators who may pos sess at once the confidence of those whom they repre sent and the confidence of those who govern. These mediators will have the confidence of the former when by the former they shall be freely elected; and of the latter they will deserve the confidence when they come to fill an important place in society; for, in general, it may be said that man is what his office makes him. Guided by these considerations, we should like to see between the operatives and their employers an interme diate class created, which should have legally recognised rights, and should be elected by the whole body of ope ratives. This intermediate class should be an order of umpires ("prud'hemmes"). We would, each year, have all the labourers or opera tives assemble at the corporation to choose their repre sentatives or umpires, at the rate of an umpire to every ten workmen. Good conduct should he the only quali fication. Every master-manufacturer and master- farmer, every contractor whosoever, should be obliged by law, if he employed more than ten workmen, to have an umpire to superintend them, and to pay this umpire double the salary of the common journeymen. These umpires would discharge in the working community the same functions which the noncom missioned officers discharge in the army. They would form the first minor order in the social hierarchy, stimulating the laudable ambition of all by showing them the example of a reward easy to obtain. Exalted in their own eyes by the very duties which they would have to perform, they would be compelled to ex hibit a model of good conduct. By this means every decade of workmen would contain within itself the germ of perfection. What improves men, is to present con tinually to their eyes an object at once honourable and honoured. As for the impulses which would have to be imparted to the masses, in the way of instruction, of communica tions, of suasives to action, the question would be sim plified precisely in a tenfold degree; and taking twenty.. five millions of persons who live by their work from day to day, there would be two millions five hundred thou sand of mediators with whom communications could be maintained with a confidence the more complete, inas much as such mediators would share at once in the interests of those stiiito obey and in the ideas of those who command. These moderators should be divided kith two classes. One class would remain in the world of private industry, the other would be employed in the agricultural esta blishments. And (we repeat) this twofold mission would be the result of a direct election accorded to the whole of the operative class. CHAPTER M.—AGRICULTURAL COLONIES. Let us suppose that the three foregoing measures are adopted. The twenty•five actual millions of journeymen possess representatives, and the fourth part of the agricultural domain of France is their property.* In each department, and above all where waste lands are in the greatest quantity, agricultural colonies arise, offering bread, instruction, religion, work to all who wa,,at them—and God knows whether there be not innu merable persons in such want throughout France. These charitable institutions, in the midst of an ego tist:Leal world, delivered up to the feudalism of money, must hare the same beneficial effect which was produced by ,hose monasteries of the middle ages which were, amid forests and among warriors and serfs, the germs of light, peace, and civilization. The association possessing unity of operation through out France, the unequal distribution of waste lands, and even the paucity of those lands in certain departments would be no impediment. The poor families of a de partment which, at first, might not have an agricultural colt my, would repair to the next department • the great adv antage of partnership being to distribute help equally and to relieve all distresses, without being checked by the 'consideration which at present exculpates every in humanity—" he is not of this union" (commune). The agricultural colonies would have two ends to fulfi I—the first, to support a great number of poor fami lies, by making them till the lands, tend the cattle, &c. ; the second, to afford a temporary refuge to that floating mass of labour to which the prosperity of industry im part a feverish energy, and which the stagnation of trade or t he introduction of new machines plunges into the dee, pest misery. Every poor man, every person out of work, would in the places mentioned find means to turn thsi r strength and intelligence to their own account and to Oise profit of the community at large. I', bus there would be in these colonies, besides the number of men, women, and children strictly necessary for t he farming works, a great number of labourers ince?. !sandy employed either in clearing new lands or in build sing new establishments for the infirm and the old; the a dvances granted to the association and its ul terior r profits would enable it to employ annually a consi, lerable amount of capital in these productive dis burse ments. WI ten private capital shall want hands, it will seek for th tan at these central emporiums, which, from that very f 'sect, will maintain wages at a remunerative rate; for it is clear that the labourer, certain to find in the agricu Rural colonies an assured existence, will not ac cept w ork at the bands of private capital, except in pro portion . as the latter offers him a profit over and above that st rhatly necessary remuneration constantly supplied to him by the general association. To a stimulate these barters and to excite the emula tion of the labourers, a sum could be charged on the profits 'of each establishment, for the purpose of creating for ea eh operative a particular fund. This accumulation would , constitute a real savings bank, which, over and above wages, would yield to every workman at the momei it of his discharge a share, the amount of which should be determined by the days of his labour, by his zeal, r ,nel by his good conduct. In this manner the dili gent t torkman will be able, at the end of a few years, to accumulate, by means of his particular fund, a sum suffi cient t a provide for him during the remainder of his days, even o alt of the colony. In o rder better to define our system, we will employ an illustration. When through the midst of a country flows a great river, it is a general cause of prosperity; but, c ceasionally, the too great abundance, or the extrem ,e scantiness of its waters, leads to inundations or to , frought. What is done to obviate these two scourge ss ? The Nile affords us an example ; great basins are dug, into which the stream pours the sur plusag( is of its waters when they swell too high, and whence it receives them back when they sink to insuffics,eucy; and by this means is secured that constant and lev el flow which begets abundance. Well, that is what w e propose with respect to the working class, that other ri 'rev which may alike cause ruin or fertility, ac cording; - to the manner in which its course may be traced; We see k on behalf of the floating mass of the population great p laces of refuge where their strength and their mind a tight be sedulously developed, and where during times o f general depression the surplus of unemployed labour t th ould be preserved with a view to its subsequent redistri he don in due proportions. We seek, in a word, real esc 64. es for the population and useful tanks of its industr 7 , which might maintain at a constant and equa bl e level th a observance of that ordinance of Divine justice which c mounds that the sweat of the poor man shell receive skte just hire. The u umpires or representatives of the labourers are to be tl to regulators of this continual undulation. The umpires of private indteary,f conversant with all the wants cif their subordinates, are to share with the ma y ors .of corporations the right of dispatching their unempl, u able hands to the agricultural colonies. The umpires of the colonies, conversant with each man's powers, -will seek to place advantageously under the sphere of private capital all whom the latter may re quire. S erne practical inconveniences will perhaps be found ire ;this exchange; but what institution is without such jam nveniences at the outset? Ours would have the imai en, se advantage of multiplying the instruction of We have supposed that the operativ e asso M Aation would at first but farm the land, since they would pay to the actual. proprietors the slender revenues which they derive fro si the waste lands and f rom the commons; but by degree s the association would buy up the fee simple. t We tti tus translate here the word " industrie," which is well k xiown that the Fr enc h often employ in this often also in the meaning which we attach to iliOn " capital,"" l'industrie et le travail" coca mspond to our " capital and industry." the people, of giving it healthful work-, and of teaching it agriculture; and would render general that practice introduced by the culture of beet-root sugar, and even by that of silk, that practice on the part of journeymen of passing alternately from the labours of the field to the labours of the workship. The umpires would be one in ten, as in the sphere of private capital. Besides the umpires, there are to be superintendents commissioned to teach tillage. These superintendents are to be elected by the um pires and workmen together. Proofs of particular knowledge of agriculture will be required of them as tests of eligibility. Finally, a governor in each colony is to be set over there superintendents, umpires, and workmen. This governor will be nominated by the su perintendents and umpires together. The administration is to consist of the governor and of a committee composed of a third of the superintendents and two-thirds of the umpires. Every year the accounts are to be printed, communi cated to the general assembly of workmen, and laid be fore the general council of the department, who will have to sanction them, and will possess the right of cashiering such umpires or superintendents as may have betrayed their incompetence. Each year the governors are to repair to Paris, and there, under the presidency of the Minister of the Interior, to discu ss th e b est use to which to p u t th e profits standing to the account of the general association. All beginnings are hard ; thus we have found no way of creating these agricultural colonies without establish ing a species of camps, where the labourers should, in the earlier stages, be barracked, like our troops. It is needless to say that as soon as the receipts exceeded the outlay, these barracks (or huts) would be exchanged for solid houses built on some well considered model. Then supplementary buildings will arise, where civil and re ligious instruction will be supplied to the members of the colony and to the children. Finally, vast hospitals will be formed for the infirm and superannuated. Severe discipline will prevail in these colonies ; a rude but healthful life will there be led, for their end is not to feed sluggards, but to ennoble men, by vigorous and remunerative labours, and by a moral education. The workmen and families employed in these colonies will be maintained in the simplest manner. L d:,ings, pay, food, raiment, will be regulated after the military tariff; for the military is the only organization bused at once on the well-being of all its members and on the strictest economy. Nevertheless these colonies would not be military at all, they would burrow from the army its admirable order, nothing more. The army is but an organization ; the working class would foam an association. These two bodies would therefore have very different principles, and a very dif ferent end. The army is an organization which, having to execute the commands of its leader blindly and promptly, must, above all things, have a system of ranks graduated from above.—(" Uric hierarchic qui part d'en haul.") The working class, consisting of an association whose officers' only duty would be to regularise and execute the common will, should have an electoral system of ranks. Our proposal, therefore, has no relation to mili tary colonies. To render our plan more plain, we will give an esti mate of the probable receipts and outlays of an agricul tural colony. Our calculations are grounded on official figures. Still every one will understand how difficult such a budget must be. There is nothing less exact than a minute calculation of the productions of the earth. We claim not that we have foreseen everything. The best foresight, says Montesquieu, is that which feels it cannot foresee all. But, if our figures can lead to discrepant conclusions, we will not grant as much for our system in itself. It maybe, in spite of the care with which we have made our valuations, that we have omitted some expenses or even some receipts, or reckoned the returns of the earth at too high a rate; but such omissions affect not at all the main idea, which we hold to be just, true, fertile in good results; the following simple arguments will prove this. The returns of the soil, exclusive of what belongs to the fiscal department, are commonly divided into three portions—the gains of the labourer, the profit of the farmer, the property of the landowner. In our model farms, the working class would absorb all these three products, and would at once be workman, farmer, and owner. Its returns, then, would be immense, and the more so b ecause, i n a well-formed association; the expenses are always smaller than in private specula tions. The first resourc2 would enable a great number of poor families to live in modest competence; the second would form those individual funds already mentioned; the third would not only build houses of charity, but would incessantly augment the capital of the society by the purchase of new lands. This is one of the greatest advantages of our own plan. For every system devoid of a principle of conti nued increase is defective; it may, perhaps, lead to tem porary benefits, but, when its object is attained, the distress which it caught to annihilate revives—it is as if nothing had been done. The poor-law in England and the workhouses afford striking examples of the truth of this. Here, on the contrary, once the agricultural colonies are in full bearing, they will always be able to extend their sphere, and to multiply their establishments for the appointment of fresh workmen. The one transient ob stacle to this increase would be the want of hands on the part of private capital (•" industrie"), and its capa bility of more profitably empl,,ying them. Yet would not the cultivated lands be on this account neglected. The supernumerary workmen already mentioned would reenter the general field, until some new public stagna tion should drive them back to the agricultural colony. Thus, while on the one hand, property becomes more ar.d more subdivided by our equalising law, the operative association will reconstruct property and cultivation on the grand scale. While capital continually draws our population to the towns, the colonies will attract them back to the country. When no more sufficiently cheap land shall remain in France, the socitty will establish ancillAry branches in Algeria and even in America. Some day yet it will engross the world; for wherever there will r. main an acre to clear, and a poor man to feed, that association will appear with its capital, its hoot of labourers, and its ceaseless activity. Let no one accuse us of being dreamers of impossibili ties. We should only have to point to the example of the famous English East India Company. What was the latter if not just such another society as we propose, but with effects, though amazing, yet less favourable to humanity than would be those of the institution which, with all our hearts, we pray may arise. Before piercing so far into the future, let us calculate the probable re ceipts and outlays of these establishments. CHAPTER IV.--RECEIPTS AND OUTLAYS. According to our hypothesis, the operative association would have to clear two-thirds of 9,190,000 hectares of ground now uncultivated, that is, 6,127,000 hectares. To know what these hectares would bring, if subjected to skilful culture, without the fallow land, we have made the following calculation:— Tbe number of cultivated hectares in all France is Of meadows, nattiral and artificial 19,314,741 5,774,745 25,089,486 Total in hectares!. The rough product of these lands are:— For the tilled ground Meadows Total in francs Therefore, the average product by the hectare of seed or meadow land amounts to 165 f. Again, there are in France 51,568,145 tame animals of every kind, yielding a rough value of 767,251,851 E One with another, each head of cattle is therefore worth 15f.; and as these beasts are fed on about 26,000,000 of hectares, that gives two head of cattle to the hectare. On an average, we may say that each hectare yields 195 f., 165 f. in revenue, and 301. in cattle. Therefore, our 6,127,000 hectares, reduced to cultira tion,_would bring:— For the rough product of the earth Ditto, for cattle 183,810,000 Total in francs Deducting from this amount what those hectares now yield, according to the statistical returns, that is, two-thirds of 89,064,046 E, we have 54,709,364 The territorial wealth would, therefore, be augmented by 1 , 1 40,055,636 Let us now consider the outlay. To simplify the cal culation, let us suppose that the land requiring to be cleared is equally distributed throughout the various po litical divisions of France, we shall have 6 ,127,000 hec tares to divide by 86, which will give us for each de partment 71,241 hectares. By fixing twenty years as the term by the end of which the land would be reduced to cultivation, we should h ave, b y the department and by the year, 3,562 hectares to clear. The number of hands necessary for this work may be determined thus: one workmat, on the aver,ge, three hectares a year. But, as we must take the sick Into account, and as then, by the second year, these workmen will be obliged to give a portion of their care to the culture of lands already cleared, and to help the agricultural families who will be annually called in, over and above, we will suppose but a work of two hectares yearly; 1,781 workm‘n vill be therefore neces sary to accomplish this work in twenty years, and as each year there will be 3,562 hectares cleared, the colony Rill annually receive 120 families to aid in the culture of the cleared eroutid and to tend the cattle; since we him also reckoned, according to the general census of France, two he'd of cattle to the hectare. Every year, therefore, after the end of the first, the colony will buy twice as many head of cattle as it will have cleared hectares the year before. Thus, for twenty years, the colony's receipts and expenditure would be progressively increasing. THE RECEIPTS, without counting the original ad vances of Government, would consist of the periodical addition of 3,562 hectares, cleared, and of the annual improvement in the value of those hectares. For admitting that each hectare yields a produce of 195 f., the grounds would give this amount only at the end of three years' cultivation, and four years' toil. That is to say, the first year after the clearing, each hectare would yield 65f., the second year, 130 f., the succeeding years, 195 f. Total of foreign and domestic consumption 24,929,995 Deducting this sum from the amount produced, there re main 11,853,298 hectolitres unused. These figures show at once the cause and the remedy of the distress; they prove the superiority of the na tional to the export market, for if by the means indi cated the impulse impressed upon the home traffic in creased consumption only by one-tenth, an event not out of probability, the increase would accordingly be of 2,3E' 5 824 hectolitres, which is nearly double our entire kiports. On the other hand, if the policy of our rulers succeeded and we are far from auguring tharit will, in augmenting our exports even by one-fifth, that increase would be but • 270,334 hectolitres. Labour creating competence, and competence creating consumption, are the true foundations of a country's pros perity. The first duty, then, of a wise and able Ministry is to strive, by the improvement of agriculture and of the lot of the majority, to increase home consumption, which is far from having reached its height. For, statistically speaking, in France each inhabitant consumes yearly, on an ave rage—of wheat, merlin, rye, 271 hectolitres, which gives 328 rations of bread annually to such individual; of meat, 20 kilog. ; of wine, 70 litres ; of sugar, 3 to 4 kilog.; which, humanly speaking, amounts to this, that in France there are many millions of individuals who eat not bread, or meat, or sugar, and who drink not wine. For all the rich consume much more than the average, that is to say, 365 ration s of bread, instead of 328; 180 kilog. of meat, instead of 20 kilog. ; 365 litres of of 3 2 vkine, instead of 70 ; and 50 kilog. o f sugar, instead -5. We do not Me:duce too much, but we consume too little. Instead, then, of going to China in quest of consumers, let us augment the riches of our own territory ; let us employ all idle hands to the benefit of every existing distress and trade ; or rather, if it he wished, lc: us do both; but, above all, let us not forget that a countr \ like Franc,, whi c h h as b een so richly .1 - Mowed b y H e .ven, contains within itself all the E lements 01 its prosperity, and ihat it i s a di sgrace to nor cie ion to think that in the ntnet.en,h century at least the tenth part of our population are in rags and are dying of hunger in the presence of milliens of naatiufactured produce, which cannot be sold, and of millions of agricultural produce which cannot be c: , ntuctied. To sum up all, the system which we propose Is the result of all the ideas and wishes put forth by the most competent economists of the last half century. In M. Goviu's report to the King, which stands at the head of the official agricultural statistics, the Minister (p. 28) declares that one of the greatest possible im provements would be the clearing of those lands which yield but Bf. by the hectare. Our plan realises this thought. All men who are animated by the love of their fellow creatures demand a tardy justice for the working classes, who seem to be disinherited from all the advan tages of civilisation ; our plan gives to those classes everything that can raise the condition of man —compe tence, instruction, order —and to each individual the means of rising by his own merit and his own labour. Our organization has no meaner tendency than to render, at the end of some years, the class which is the poorest now, the richest association in all France. At present the wages of labour are left to chance or violence. Either the master oppresses or the workman rebels. By our system wages are fixed, as human things ought to be determined, not by compulsion, but by a just equipoise between the wants of those who toil and ' the necessities of those who make them toil. At present, all is affluence at Paris, the centre alone absorbs all the activity of the country ; our system, without harming the centre, conveyes life to the extre mities, by calling into action under the high direction of the Government 86 new- individualities.joiling continu ally towards perfection. And what is necessary to realise this project? A year's army estimate—fifteen times the sum which has been given to America—a cost equal to that which is laid out on the fortifications of Paris. And this advance would, at the end of twenty years, bring a milliard of franca to France, 80 0,000,000 to the working classes, and 37,000,000 to the treasury. Let the Government carry out our idea, with what ever modification s t h e experience of men conversant with these complicated matters may suggest in the way of useful information or new hints let the Government take to heart the great national interests—let it es tablish the well-being of the masses on an unshakeable foundation, and it will be itself unshakeable. Poverty will cease to be seditious when wealth ceases to be ty rannical ; opposition will disappear, and the obsolete pretensions which, rightly or wrongly, are ascribed to certain men, will vanish as those light breezes that skim the surface of the sea under the Equator vunish when Comes the real wind which fills the sails and bears the ship onward, the mission of soothing animosities is i a great and on of ment he ambit holy one, and worthy of moving 'ute a c r:r z a e s n i s ng ot the ; ,-.l„uinflg'erle ings of the mission of i h ty eal h i y ng o w n o it tr ng 4s th in one common 11-1 country tert st and in hastening the which civilisation mint soatier or t a a d t v e e r n b t ri f g a t o futur epass. In the 'Centitry before last, La Fontaine uttered that se , :tence, too often true, but Y "hierarchy" so :ad, so de s t ruct i ve fof ell society, of all order, of ail ienrchy"--s. Je vou , le die en bon Francais : notre ennemi c'ot noire maitre." At present the aim or every able Government cught to be to tend by its efforts towards what may scam be f.id :—" The triumph cf Chti4rianity has destroyed 4avt•ry ; the triumph of the French flevoitt:ioti has de niri,yed nage ; the triumph of detnoera:ic ideas has destroyed pauperism." Frahl-s of figures folbw, justifying the Prince's cal cleations.j EARLT CLosING Assoc lATION.—The Rev. George Gilfillan, Of Dun& e, delivered last night, in Dr. Fletcher's. Chapel, Finsbury-circus, a lecture upon " the Christian arings of Astronomy,",and at the same time review,' the arguments used by Dr. Chalmers, in his Ash - D. - do _ rnical Wicourses. The lecture was the second of ,a se ries proposed to be given by the Rev. Gen!lemari gra tuitously„ for the benefit of the Early Closing ',. l.sBc , e ' tion, and the ability he displayed was duly a r ip rec i ate d by a numerous audience. ACCIDENT ON THE MIDLAND RAILWA!.—A. rather serious accident, though fortunately unattonded ith loss of life, occurred on Tuesday morning, about a t a before six, at Kegworth, Leicestershire. T 'quarter -ppea rs that, the mail came in contact with a luggage train, and a '.remendous caash was the result. Several carrier gets were % 'cry much damaged, but none of the passenvars sus-. ,ti tined maiterial injury, although more than ( ipe way sli*htly bribed, . .-vr_..•C . . 1 L . e . • ,-. ~ `- for the expenditure, , ides the first witty, there would be perpetual aiinua expenses, such as the pay o f 1,781 labourers and of 120 families, the interest of the grounds belonging to corporations or to individusls, the cost of seeds, or stables, the burden of the Administra tion, and of purchasing 7,124 new head of cattle ; be sides which, there would be each year a regular increase consisting of 120 additional families, and of the con ' struction of the huts where they should lodge. Each labourer shall receive the pay of a soldier, and each family the pay of three labourers. Raiment should be far cheap er f or labourers than for soldiers; we will, however, calculate it at the same rate, in order not to change the fixed prices. Each man then would annually cost, all things included, 318 f. The umpires shall receive the pay of cisionnon officers, the superintendents that of officers, the governor that of a colonel. Till the colonies begin to bring C profit, all the workmen shall be lodged in sheds, /nad a like those of our military camps. These sheds, large and healthy, commonly hold twelve men. We would place in them but ten men, with their umpire, when un married. In the contrary ease, there would be a family to each shed, and the sheds should be constructed on a smaller scale. In &veral of the departments there are similar sheds in the neighbourhood of the sugar manufactories. . By the calculations which we have placed at the end of this pamphlet, it will be seen that at the end of twenty-three years (with an original advance of 311,000,000 francs) the income and expenditure of the colonies would be-- Annual receipts Costs •.. 1,194,694,800 i. ..• 373,622,27 R; . - Profit • 16 7 the 22f ••• ..• ... 2,5. 206,400 families, 153,166 workmen of poorer class would be m a i n t a i ne d . France would be richer by twelve millions of new head of cattle; and, finally. the Government would raise, on the rough revenues, ac_ cording to the actual rate, nearly thirty-seven millions more of francs. CHAPTER V.—SUMMARY. In the abstract just presented of the profits we have stopped far short of the truth, for the cultivation of it fourth of the lands now waste would not only augment; by one-fourth the rough revenue of France, but this augmentation would impart to every brAnch of national labour an immense activity, more easily understood than minutely explained. Not only would these colonies, by the end of twenty years, hinder more than a million of human beings iron] pining in wretchedness —not only would they give life to a host of trades connected with agriculture—bu t this annual pr. , fit of 3 00,000,000, ex changed tOr nibs r products within the country, would in the same ratio iriereuse c.nmitrintion and domestic cum tnrce. Tun, pr , fit, id to all the truitd of la bour an outlay mire imp.irtarit ti,un could be procured tke inost ()us con - tater:4Q tr,s a j.,, s i nce thi s smoui•t-800 000,000—exc.( eds by 156 uOO,OOO the value ii).l our eicoi uhieh in 1842 z. ached he sum of 644,000 000 EVA-ions d• cua, e.. ts ar. hi re rite, eit to.) make thla asouing mote forik.r: • • aid t,,sho,. a ll the imporiane, of d-tnestic traffic, let us suppos.o that these comm. tend c,d inters were not includ e d within our territory, but septirstrd fr , ,ru the Continent b the sea ai.d a l ine ..f cus . o in-eiouses 3 and et arm of t a hat they A" • m y forced to t ra d e w i th France aline. It is evident that if th, ir agr i cu l tural pr.duction brought a profit of 800,000,000, that sum would be exchanged against con tinental produce., either manufactured of the soil, but different from theirs. We believe, therefore, that the increase of domestic consumption, favoured by this growth of riches and com petence, would better than anything relieve the distress of which certain trades complain, and, above all, that it would rut an end to the afflictions of the vine growers, while giving bread and meat at the lowest price. Finally, it may be presumed, from the nature of' their soil, that these colonies would produce grain and cattle, but not wine. Now, in thus swelling the supply of those prime necessaries, they would diminish their price, which would tend to augment their consumption, by en abling the poor to eat of them; and, on the other side, the growth of plenty would multiply the number of nerd consumptionse who can drink wine, an d , b y consequence, the ge . It is easy to explain, by official figures, the distress of our vine growers. France produces 36 ,783,223 hecto litres of wine (without counting spirits). Of these she consumes ... ~ „ exports .• 23,578,248 ... 1,351,677 20 --- rth ill tr.diiy there that a the - 6 1 4 7efen: ling -204 1 3 . -- lila. tock, land, &de, 10. 1, lion, oir -1-16 nioti, a nd croft bin* wag irds, 14— Pre ales, ►ern, Ives, he be )st lie he ;A[ be 4 , 10