The Sun. — London, England, 1865-08-15 00:00:00

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.— Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THROUGH FIRE AND WATER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, It. Phillips, Billington, Ashley ; Mrs. A. Mellon (Miss Woolgar), and Miss H. SIMMS. After which, at 9, SOLON SHINGLE. Solon, Mr. John E. Owens; supported by Messrs. R. Billington, Stephenson, Ashley, Eburne ; Mrs. 11. Lewis, &c. To conclude with A PAS DE FASCINATION. Miss Furtado, and Mr. J. L. Tool?. Commence at 7. 'ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining'. TUN EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. Da% id Fisher, entitled IIEAKT-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINCr6. After which, ARRA!! NA FUGUE : Mesirs. Dion Boucl enult' J. Brougham, 11. V a ndeithoff, D. Fish er, D. Murray; Mrs. Boucicault and 3liss M. Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. Comm'nce at 7. GRATIS ANI) POST FREE. .E. MOSES and SONS' w l'amplilet. THE PHILOSOPH Ne Y OF DRESS. MOSES AND SON E• respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE cLoTHING. The newest aorics arc combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. 310SES and SON give particular atten tio n to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices are such as must satisfy the most economical. Tnis depart ment is in a distinct pirrt of . the premises, which will be found a gre convenience for ladies and children, MOSES AND SON J. respectfully invite ell-aa public attention to their large and wsorted SUMME& STOCK. EMOSES AND SOWS •"S ANDRINGHAM" and "DANISH " WRAPPER : I utroduced by them) is the newest and most fashion tb:e style of Overcoats for the season. OSES AND SON'S E M • READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHINCI for all classes and all age.. EMOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, from 30e. MOSES AND • HOSIERY and DIIAL'EIIY, for all classes and all ages. S 0 N'S MOSES AND SON'S E.nATS AND CAPS, fur all classes and all ages. 1p MOSES AND SON'S BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S E• OUTFIT 'S, for ail classes, all ages, and all climates. MOSES AND SON'S E, LONDON HOUSES, 154, 155, 156, 157, Minories ; 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, Aldgate ; 506, 507, 508, New Oxford--street; 1,2, 3, Hart-street; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-read; 288, Euston-road. Also, Bradford, Yorkshire. MOSES AND SON'S E• Establishments are closed (very Friday evening at dui et until Saturday evening at sunset, when business Is re sumed until II o'clock. All articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not appnved of will be exchanged, or the money returned. . . List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, '• The Philosophy of Dress," gratis and post tree. TE LAST EDITION OF THE SUN," Containing the Latest SPOW.ellitir INIELLIIIIGACit, Ilan be had Every Evening oh G. It. GLhNIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4. Connaught-terrace, Ilyde-park. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN" supplied, as soon 83 published every Evening by W. ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish-street, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published. containing all the L ['EST NEWS an , 1 SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, by 1. w. HARRIS, Ne xspaper Agent, 4, Blaclariars-road, London, S. THE LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN." J. HOLMES begs to inform his friends, and the pubAo generally, that he supplies the LATEST EDITL)N of '• I'HE SUN" as soon as published —No. 16, Hampstead road, N.W. TEETH AND PAINLESS DENTISTRY.-- Messrs. LEWIN and SI3IEON MUSELY and SONS, 30, Berners-street, Oxford-street, and 448, Strand, opposite Charing-cross Railway station. Established 1830. Artificial Teeth made with their patented advanta g es are fitted with cht the least inconvenience, however tender the mouth, sup potting and strengthening loose and sensitive teeth until they become useful in mastication. The'r resemblance to nature is perfect and undetectabie, and they are guArauteed for all purposes of mastication and articulation. Operations of every kind I Ong unnecessary, the most nervous patient can be supplied wi !tout fear 01 pain or inconvenience. Con sultation ;ree. Teeth from ss. Sets, 5,7, to, and is '...luitteas, warranted. For the tffica 7, utility, and success of this system, vide " Lancet. ' Daily attendance at 1. , Whiterriargato, Bull ; 10, Norfolk street, Sheffield ; 4, East-para..e, Leeds ; and 14, St. N icholas-. street, SJarbro'. ..* No connection with any one of the earns name. lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, Bh. sin.--Afternoon, Bh. 40m To-Mounow.-Morning, 9b. 20m.— Afternoon, 9h. 59m. 4 & (46.1"Nr, it it LONDON, TUESDAY, AUG UST 15, 1865. Alw Another attempt is being made to patch up the Schleswig-Holstein question, but it is as yet quite impossible to decide whether it will be successful or not, so diverse arc the views of the disputants, and so different are their desires and expectations. The strenuous exertions of the Ministers of the great Powers seem, however, for the present, to have gained their point, and to have so far settled the preliminaries, that the meeting is expected to take place between the Sovereigns which has been so long talked q, but still indefinitely and unaccount ably postponed. According to appearances, this chance of a rencontre augurs well for the further ance of the schemes of Herr Von BISMARCK. Cer tainly he has shown a zeal and determination that were worthy of a better cause, throughout the whole of this dispute on the Duchies, which has dragged its weary length along apparently alike interminable and incomprehensible. The declara tion of opinion lately given by the Prussian Crown lawyers was sufficiently significant to any one who was well versed in the matter ; and it would have been amusing, had not the issue of the affair been so serious, to notice how ingenious were the con trivances by which the desired end was reached. Thus, to the surprise of the uninitiated, King CHRISTIAN was declared to have been the rightful owner of the Duchies when the war had been inau gurated to dispossess him of them. The real object of this was to secure the coveted prize as the right of conquest, the unfortunate King of DENMARK having been compelled to yield them up to the German Powers at the concksion of the war. Straightforward persons who follow a consistent course are no doubt puzzled at the tortuous devices of such crafty politicians ; but the end sanctions the 'teams, according to their doctrines, and the wondering world may look on while vows are broken, promise.; unfulfilled, pledges forgotten, and engage_ All is pushed aside in or d er that men ts disregarded. the one great object may be carried out in its entirety, and thus the Duke of AUGUSTENBERG, once a favoured aspirant, finds himself put out of the way in the most cool and unconcerned manner. The Duke of OLDENBURG receives no more respect, and so on it will be with all the other claimants, if they stretched on in endless succession, and threat ened, like the shadows in MACBETH'S vision, to last till the crack of doom. Count BLOME'S skill in diplomacy promises to secure an interview between the EMPEROR and the KING, and thus fulfil in some degree the desires of the horde of schemers, small and. great, who are on the tiptoe of expectation now that the culminating point is so nearly reached. If the Government of Vienna deem it advisable to prevent all chance of a rupture of the friendly rela tions between the great Powers, and recognise any plan whereby they may save their character, if they do not absolutely gain their plans, no doubt this proposed meeting may take place, and some com promise be agreed upon. Austria still remains firm upon some points, doubtless considered as vital ones by her sapient Ministers, and the opinion is expressed that the Duke of AutrusTENBERCi should , not be ordered to quit the Duchies so long as he does not act contrary to the laws and govern ment of the country. How true this may be, and how strictly adhered to if proposed, remain to be seen, but there is every reason to suppose that such will be the attitude assumed at the approaching conference, and insisted on by the bearers of secret missions and special injunctions. It is curious to reflect upon the events which have occurred since the last meeting of the Sovereigns of the allied powers of Germany. Last year they eutt after the honourable peace that terminated their glorious war, and now, after so many months have passed away, they are apparently no nearer a settlement of affairs or a solution of their difficulty. The nations of Europe have looked on from afar and made no effort to interpose their protests nor exert their influence, hence the parties so unwilling or unable to come to terms cannot say that it is the fault of any cane but themseh es. We have all heard a great deal of the wonders that would be wrought when once the united German Powers took this matter of the Duchies up with vigour, and over and over again was it triumphantly asserted that the inhabitants of Schleswig-Holstein would reap great and permanent benefits if they were rescued from the grasp of their Danish oppressors and restored to the sway of their rightful owners. On the con trary, what has been the reality since time has put these professions to the proof? Anarchy, discord, and misrule are rampant in the Duchies, and the agents of the protecting powers protest against each other's cuts, and mimic their masters in strife and bicker ing after a fashion highly edifying to their foes, but not very reassuring to their friends or very creditable to their cause. Claimants have been put forward by one side, and were denounced as pre tenders by the other. The Ministers of this Power have declared a certain thing to be indispensable to the maintenance of their rights, and straight way the Government of that Power have decided that to recognise such a plea would be quite incom patible with their duties, would militate against their projects, and mar their policy. All these remi niscences cannot render au interview between the two Sovereigns very pleasant or profitable. No doubt more might be done if the interviews could take place free from the shadow behind the throne, which casts a baneful influence over Prussian pro spects, and at home or abroad is alike so potent in mischief and so paramount in misdeeds. If we could for a moment fancy the KING without this Minister Statesman, something might be looked for or expected ; but the tonjours perdrix of the affair effectually precludes all hope of improvement, and prevents all chance of a beneficial turn being given to the negotiations. All are too well aware of the ideas of Herr BISMARK not to feel assured that if the deliberations end amicably it will be because the modern representative of the Medes and Persians has convinced his opponents, and not because he has yielded an iota of his prejudices, or swerved one hairbreadth from his pre-conceived notions or pre determined plans. The minor States of Germany have certainly been completely hoodwinked in this affair ; but no one pities them who has followed their tortuous course and dwelt on their subservient course of last year. A general mania seemed to take possession of all Germany, and because Prussia, to suit her own selfish pur poses, chose to come forward with might and main to prosecute the cause of tyranny, and spread the reign of desolation, all the other Powers, great and small, allowed her to go on, and were too glad to follow in her wake. The day of retribution has speedily arrived, so far as concerns any gain or glory I on the part of the censpirators, great and small. So far as the aspect of affairs at present allows us to judge, failure and discomfiture have waited, and still wait, on the hopes of all except Prussia ; and in the plenitude of her fulfilled desires what ills may not be foreshadowed, and what incipient dangers lurk. If the Duchies are annexed to the possessions of the Heaven-sent Sovereign, what profit will there , be in the victory when the price is paid? It will be hard to satisfy a discontented people at home and disgusted and betrayed allies abroad. The smaller States will watch for their opportunity of revenge, and Prussia will not then have gained her crown ing aim and object to be the head of Germany, the bond of union to the several divisions of the great Fatherland, the pride of her own people, and the envy and admiration of others. No one can regret the failure, but still the result is not to be dis puted, although the pride that goes before a fall is still urging on the politicians of Berlin to their ruin. ' Few of the benevolent Institutions of our day have seen their meritorious exertions crowned with more success, or produce more substantial results, than the National Lifeboat Institution. The emer gencies with which it deals, the sufferings which it alleviates, are of a nature to impress themselves visibly upon the mind. The results are immediately perceptible, and are of a character which is par ticularly gratifying to the kind-hearted promoters of the Institution. Our hospitals and asylums are often only able to smooth the sufferer's passage to the grave, or to alleviate the weary hours of hope less pain, but the friend of the shipwrecked mariner is usually able to raise him from one extreme of fortune to the other, to change the scene from death and desolation to safety, health, and cheer fulness. Valuable lives are preserved to their fami lies, and many a household hearth which would be cold and vacant rejoices over the presence of the rescued member—thanks to the Agency of the Life boat Institution. There is not much hope or feat that human benevolence will find no work to do for the present at all events. Some dangers and evils may indeed be extirpated by e the progress of time and execution, but there are many forms of distress which are inseparable from the most ordinary and reputable avocations of life. With all possible improvements in mechanical science, with all pos sible extension of meteorological knowledge, human skill or wisdom can never avert all risk from life at sea. On the contrary, year by year, as our commerce increases, and the facilities for travel encourage frequent communications with the Con tinent, we may expect that the aggregate amount of risk incurred will augment rather than diminish. Certainly from the records of the Lifeboat Institu tionthe number theredoes f o uot' appear to be much reduction in vessels imperilled, since during the seventeen months from January, 1864, to May, 1865, inclusive, the total number of lives saved by lifeboats was 614 in addition to 390 saved by shore boats and other means for which the Institution has granted rewards. The primary object of th e asso ciation is to provide a suitable number of efficient lifeboats on all the dangerous and exposed parts of our coasts ; but it has always endeavoured t o en courage every meats of rescuing life, and has there fore established the system of giving rewards and tokens of approval to those who have been fortunate enough to save life by any means not connected with their own institution ; and it has encouraged the use of the rocket and mortar apparatus, which has often proved valuable in saving life. Thanks to its efforts, too, the importance of providing efficient lifeboats for the Royal navy has been impressed upon the authorities, but the energetic and conscien tous managers still feel that something is left un done, and accordingly, they have addressed them selves to anew sphere of action. Oui shores are nearly everywhere provided with lifeboats or the rocket apparatus, and our navy, as we have said, is properly cared for, but the importance of pro viding some simple and inexpensive means of safety on board our merchant ships is now very apparent. The difficulty in this case is that the merchant vessels are private property, and therefore no action can be taken in the matter without the consent and co-operation of the owners. At the same time our merchant navy is of such immense and increasing extent, and the men engaged in it are exposed to so many risks, that very many lives are at stake on the question. The Committee h^ve therefore de cided upon introducing a cheaper belt than the one hitherto in use, and to supply it to the shipowners without profit, making, at the mine time, an appeal to them to do their duty towards their men. The Committee, in their interesting report on this,* remind the shipowners that the general community has come forward most liberally in the work, while the boatmen, fishermen, and pilots risk their lives cheerfully. It is surely, then, not too much to ask that those who derive so much profit from the marine traffic will exert themselves oa behalf of the men imperilled in their employ. The information obtained from various sources, and the consideration of the subject in all its forms, have led to the con clusion that a large proportion of the seamen yearly lost from our merchant ships might have been saved if they had worn really good life-belts. With a view, therefore, of getting them extensively used on board our merchant ships, the Committee of management have decided, as we have said, on supplying. them for a time cost price, and of for warding them in chests, suited for every description of vessel, through the custom-houses, shipping offices, and sailors' homes at the principal ports. It is suggested that the shipowner might, if he chose, require each man to pay Gd. annually, or ld. each on short voyages for the use of the belts. As the ori ginal cost of the belts is only ss. sach, or 4s. when bought in any number, the expense can hardly be demurred to. Should this new kind of belt prove really efficacious in saving life, it will be advisable to consider whether it would not be well to render the supply of such a chest compulsory on the ship owner. It is manifestly the duty of the owner, who pays, perhaps, a large amount to insure his cargo, to insure the lives of his men, humanely speaking, by such a trifling outlay, and no one who can afford to send a ship to sea can excuse himself from adopting a precaution which costs him five shillings a man ! The Committee have shown their usual good sense in not taking upon themselves a duty which manifestly belongs to others, by sup plying these belts gratis. Such an undertaking would greatly increase the expenses and responsi bilities of the institution, while, if the life-belt chest were recognised as part of the indispensable equip ment of the ship, each owner would provide his own, and the work would be thoroughly done. The subject of pharology, under which high sounding title few will recognise the science of lighthouse-building, is very ably discussed in the new number of the Lifeboat Journal, from which we quote in another part of our impression. Light houses, or rather light-towers, are of very ancient date, the celebrated " Pharos" of Alexandria having been erected 300 B.C. There have been many noted instances of remarkable watch-towers of the deep, and, as usual, Englishmen have not been backward in a work requiring en terprise., courage, and perseverance. Our own thrice rebuilt Eddystone is a sample of resolution triumphing over difficulties. The various forms of light-houses, light-towers, and floating-lights, testify to the skill and ingenuity with - which man has adapted himself to the caprices of nature. The I Eddystone, the Bell Rock, and the Skerryvore, are the most noted light-towers of their class in this country from the great difficulties attending their construction, but there are other forms of towers adapted to different positions which reflect great credit on the inventor. In this, as in all other de partments of mechanical skill, we have advanced with wonderful rapidity in the last century. Our light-towers are now reared at a height and our floating lights ride at a depth that would have amazed our ancestors. The Barra Head Lantern is 680 feet above water, our " Seven Stones" light-ship rides at a depth of 40 fathoms. We have changed since the days when the burning logs of a wood fire were the only means available for the light, but the efforts of man in all ages has been the same, prompted by the same desire to guard his fellows against the insidious perils of a dangerous shore. Prevention is better than cure, and how ever admirable the heroic daring which prompts the rescue of the shipwrecked crew from imminent danger, the prudence and forethought that strive, if possible, to avert such a calamity, are certainly no less beneficial. The importance of such precau tionary measures has been fully recognised in this country, and the coast lights are proportionately numerous. There remain, however, several ways by which the dangers of a seafaring life may be greatly lessened, and the public has good cause to thank the National Lifeboat Institution for keep ing them so consistently and steadily in view. * The Life-boat Journal, No. 59. Sir John Lawrence, and " O'Malley Irwin v, Sir George Grey, Baronet," TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. So,—Allow me to state, that when the Mayor of Lon donderry at the late banquet, given to Sir Robert Mont gomery, 1C.C.8., " claimed Sir John Lawrence as a Derry man," no less a personage than a Yorkshire rector comes forward in the columns of an influential contemporary, on the 10th instant, to eject Sir John from the roll of "Derry men" by the simple process of producing his baptismal registry "in the parish of Richmond, Yorkshire." Although I am quite willing to concede to Richmond the credit of having registered the baptism of the distinguished Viceroy of India, as the son of Alexander Lawrence, then Major of the 19th regiment, who was himself one of Ireland's most gallant sons, yet, with confidence, I assure you no Yorkshire blood flows in his Excellency's veins. Paternally_ and maternally Irish, he was educated at Foyle College in Ireland. Well may I be proud of the no small honour of having had on the banks of the Foyle such eminent and distin guished school contemporaries ; among others, Sir John Lawrence's brother, Sir Henry—of the purest and most perfect fame—and his other gallant surviving brothers, Generals Alexander and St. George Patrick Lawrence, C.B. ; Sir Robert Montgomery, K.C.8., lately the Lieut.- Governor of the Punjaub ; the Hon. Richard Holy Hutch inson ; Canon Boyd and his lamented brothers—Robert and Captain Boyd, R.N., of the Ajax, to whose gallantry their respective monument at Malaga and Kingstown bear witness ; the Rev. Fielding Ould, the Dean of Emly, To those associations, and the vigorous training of Foyle College, must be attributed any little zeal or devotedness on my part in defence of the right of the subject to the security of the laws of supremacy, not depending on the will and pleasure of English or Irish sofilcials, or even on the discretion of any judge, however learned, high, and powerful his authority. It is to be regretted that a question of such import has not devolved on abler hands-than mine to assert and de fend the indefeasible right of petition ; but I hopo no British subject will hereafter suffer through any want of devotedness and zeal to the cause of that right on my part, or through any want of straining of whatever humble capacity and means I may possess. • In Foyle College I have been taught to remember that right is right, and that justici) is not accommodation. If the case to which I refer; of O'Malley Irwin (myself) v. Sir George Grey, Baronet," is clearly mine, not by com promisex d i e li bi er tj a u s s a t e it r ta n th o e f n ri , gi s l i t r, ca l n h d a o ve m a e n cl o ai i m niury s7 n h or a or accommodation, or by any intricacy of law, but one simplyas thee can the policy of procrastination, which has been so long practised, prejudice a question of so much grave and con stitutional import as petition of right. My steady and firm demand for justice will now, I trust, speedily obtain it for me, as I have succeeded, after many struggles, in having the case set down first on the list of appeals, for hearing before her Majesty's judges next term. I have the honour to be your obedient servant, GEORGE O'MALLEY IRWIN . London, August 14, 1865. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) SPAIN. MADRID, AUG. 14. The Bishop of Cartagena has protested against the recognition of Italy to Spain. The clerical journals publish the text of the Bishops' Manifesto. THE 'UNITED STATES. (From the Times Correspondent.) PHILADELPHIA, July 31. The subject engrossing the almost exclusive at tention of the people of the United States is the condition of affairs on the Rio Grande. The greatest uncertainty exists as to the real state of affairs ; for fully nine-tenths of the reports we receive from that region are manufactured by specula tors to affect the gold and corn markets. These speculators seem to have a complete system in opera tion, their agents being widely extended, and each echoing the other's falsehood, or capping it by a still greater one. There is no source of news from Mexico that is not liable to grave suspicion, and it is almost a hopeless task to attempt extracting the truth from such a mass of lies. Several reports of the past week are now positively contradicted— among them the stories that Americans in Sinaloa were maltreated by Maximilian's agents ; that Gene ral Brown had promised Federal aid to the Liberals, and had sent them a regiment of troops ; that an Imperial army of 35,000 men was to be quartered at Matamoras to watch the Federal movements on the Texas side of the river, and that M. Eloin, Maxi milian's agent, was in Washington, endeavouring, without success, to procure a Presidential audience to urge the recognition of Maximilian's empire. All these stories are falsehoods, and so many more that continually arise are dissipated by the next day's news that it would be idle for me to contradict them. Yet there is deep anxiety felt about the situation on the Rio Grande, and it cannot be denied that the majority of the American people would like to see a war there. Every one who supported the Government in the war against the South hates the French, and would like nothing better than to send American troops to drive Maximilian out of Mexico. Southern sympathisers, however, sympathise with Maximilian, and feel sure that if American neu trality is preserved, Juarez will be defeated. Ilis party is looked upon, much as the per se Aboli tionists are regarded in the North, as men always anxious to stir up commotions and keep the world in continual broils. The unanimous opinion of both parties is that without American aid Juarez never can be successful, and, as a necessary conse quence, a continual battery is kept up upon the authorities at Washington to compel them to send him aid, or to embroil the French and Americans on the Rio Grande, so as to keep the greater part of Maximilian's troops busy. A war between the French and Americans on the Rio Grande is not improbable, yet both President Johnson and Maximilian are anxious to preserve the strictest neutrality. M. Eloin, Maximilian's agent, is in New York, and he denies that he has ever been in Washington importuning the President for a recognition of the empire; and neither he nor any other representative of Maximilian will go there on any errand, until the doors of the White House stand wide open to receive them. There is no longer any doubt that Maximilian has given up the cannon sold to his troops by the Confederates, for we have received advices of their formal surrender at Brownsville on July 10. Although no intercourse is permitted between the French and American armies on the Rio Grande, and the officers and men hate each other most cordially, yet the only chance of a battle is from the intermeddling of Cortinas, who flies about Matamoras, and crosses from one side to the other of the Rio Grande with his handful of Juarists, evidently with no other object than to em broil the French and Americans. Our latest news is to July 14, and at that time he had not been successful, and it is to be hoped that prudent officers on both sides the Rio Grande will checkmate his efforts. On July 12 the Texas Bank of the Rio Grande was picketed by American troops from the mouth of the stream up to Brownsville. The French held the opposite shore, and in many places the pickets of the two armies were not more than 40 yards apart. In this picket line and at Matamoras the French are supposed to have about 18,000 men. In the Fede ral line there are 17,400 men, about 6,000 being negroes. There are many other Federal troops in Texas, 5,000 being at Galveston, 6,000 negroes under General Weitzel on the march, by way of San Antonio to the Upper Rio Grande, and at least 12,000 cavalry under Custer and Morritt, crossing the nor thern part of the State, also to encamp on the Upper Rio Grande. At the rate these troops were march ing they were expected to reach the neighbourhood of Piedras Negras in the lasi week of July. No doubt in the first week of August they will be en camped along the Rio Grande, and will gradually extend their lines down towards Brownsville. The Liberals hold the Rio Grande, where Custer and Morritt have charge, and they no doubt will look on each other with great kindness ; yet the instructions to preserve neutrality, given to all the American generals, are so strict that if they are obeyed no complications can possibly follow. Some days in ad vance of the march of Custer and Morritt are many small parties of Conservative soldiers on their way to Mexico. We have reports that two of these parties —one led by Kirby Smith, the other by Shelby, have been stopped by the Liberals near Piedras Negras, paroled, deprived of their arms and waggons, and then allowed to cross into Mexico. Many other parties, however, have succeeded in crossing and eluding the Liberals, and as Maximilian is straight ened for troops, they are, no doubt, gladly welcomed to his army. With the merits of the Mexican contest Ameris cans have very little to do, and beyond the general impression that the Liberals are hopelessly defeated very little is known of the actual progress of the war. The reports from Mexico are vague and con flicting, aid, in addition to the falsehoods invented by both parties there, American speculators invent ten times as many here. It is stated, apparently on good authority, that 12,000 French troops, an additional force for Maximilian, arrived at Tampico about July 2. There are no organised movements in any part of the United States to procure aid for either party. The Government puts a stop to any thing that may result in a breach of neutrality, and the only aid the Liberals get is sent clandestinely, and must be very small. Maximilian gets much more, but not nearly so much as is reported, his help only being the addition to his army of gipsy-like bands of discharged Confederate soldiers, who are very little accustomed to the restraints of camps or the strict discipline of the French armies. A movement, which will no doubt have much effect in cementing the union between North and South, has been decided upon by the bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church. This Church was the only Protestant body which before the war had not split into factions upon the slavery question. A general convention of the bishops and clergy will meet in Philadelphia in October next, and the Northern bishops have sent to the Southern ones invitations breathing the spirit of kindness and brotherly love, asking them to return to their places in the convention. If any or all of the SoUthern bishops choose to be present, they will only need to present their credentials, answer to their names, and take their seats as of old, without doubt, question, or condition of any sort whatever. The Church Journal, the organ of the Episcopal Church in America, assures the Southern bishops that they will be most heartily welcomed, and that although there are a few Radicals in the Church who would favour the passage of incendiary resolutions, the constant course of all the general conventions since the war began has been to frown down such pro ceedings. If by these means the Episcopal Church throughout the country can be reunited it will go a great way towards restoring good feeling between the sections. Nearly all the men of wealth and high social position North and South are of that faith. The unity of that Church and of the Roman Catho lic Church, both having the strongest Conservative tendencies, will do much to aid the efforts making, both North and South, for a restoration of the Union. President Johnson has recently pardoned several Southern men on condition that they leave the country and never return, and in many parts of the South the planters seriously discuss such a course. Brazil is generally preferred by the would-be emi grants, though very few carry out their scheme, on account of not having the money to pay their way and the necessity of parting with their slaves, for no man is allowed to take his slaves out of the country with him, they being considered as free as be is. Among others who have determined to emigrate is Gen. Beauregard, who is expected to arrive in New York in La few days, to take steamer for Europe. The President has given him permission to go, on condition that he will never take up arms against the United States, and it is presumed that he will tender his services to the French Emperor. G en. Richard Taylor, who has recently applied for pardon, is in Washington, endeavouring to get permission from the President to have an interview withJeffcr son Davis. He has not been successful, but will call upon the President until he is either bluntly re fused or succeeds in his undertaking. Gen. Taylor is a brother-in-law of Mr. Davis, and a son of Pre sident Taylor of the United States. The newspapers throughout the country are all asking for a further reduction of the army and navy. Beyond the troops now in Texas, and a few regi ments in Southern cities not yet provided with local governments, they see no necessity for 200,000 troops under arms and in pay, and on all sides they clamour for a reduction. The Government is dis posed to reduce the navy, but until the South is completely settled, and there is no longer any danger of a war upon the Rio Grande, the army will not be materially reduced. The spirit of the people of the South is by no means broken, and they are determined to choose men of their own way of thinking for the State Conventions and local offices, and this the Government is determined to prevent, by force if necessary. Until the South is completely subdued, and brought to the Radical way of thinking, or, what is most probable, it get what it wants in spite of the military, the army will not be reduced. The intention of the Government to control the Southern elections by means of the military is plain. You are already aware that in the late municipal election at Richmond the entire Southern Rights ticket was successful. The mayor and other officers were to have been formally inducted into office on the 28th of July, and every preparation was made for the ceremony, some of the people having even gone so far as to get from Governor Pierpoint a po sitive statement that, as the commissions of those officers did not come from him, he had no right to withhold them, and would not interfere in the case of any of the officers. The ceremony was cut short, however, by Gen. Terry, the military commandant, who issued an order declaring the election null and void, and prohibiting the candidates elected from taking their seats. This course will, no doubt, be pursued throughout Virginia, for every county has chosen officers of a similar stripe ; but some day the people must triumph, for, as all are of the same way of thinking, every election must result in the triumph of the party opposed to the Government. In Tennessee General Thomas, the department com mander, has given Governor Brownlow all the mili tary aid he wishes to suppress the Opposition party. Thomas has written a letter fully endorsing the ar bitrary course, and showing for him most unenviablo alacrity in carrying it out. He threatens the captive Emerson Etheridge with a military commission, and promises Governor Brownlow the aid of every Federal soldier in Tennessee. It is natural to suppose that such treatment as this, after President Johnson's announcement that the Southern States had all the rights and powers they enjoyed before the war, should make the Southern people restive. From all quarters the reports are that their hatred of the Federal Govern ment is intense, and they demand their rights as citizens of independent States. In North Carolina newspapers are springing up in all parts, which openly denounce the Government, and advocate a new rebellion. The military, however, are so dis tributed over the country that such an outbreak would be suppressed at once. If President Johnson would issue a proclamation allowing the Southern people their own way in their local elections the South would be conciliated at once. In Florida it is stated that the military are in a complete muddle. They do not know whose department they belong to, and as they receive conflicting orders from Gen. Canby at New Orleans and Gen. Gillmore at Charleston they follow the wise but unsoldierly course of obeying neither. The negroes still demand a large share of the at tention of the country, and, as a straw to show the way the wind blows, John Cochrane, of New York, a prominent Republican, in a recent speech at Washington took strong ground against negro suf frage. As Cochrane is somewhat of a trimmer, and of course sees the political future very clearly, his decided stand against the negro is good testimony that the majority leans that way. There is being perfected in the South, under the control of the Freedmen's Bureau, a complete system of laws, in dependent of the civil authority, for the govern ment of the negro. Both in civil and criminal cases he is to be tried in special courts, and in Tennessee and Virginia the system is already in active opera tion. These courts are called provost courts, and their judges are usually fanatics whose negro senti mentalism is so strong that they see no evil in the coloured race. Hereafter a white man in the South may despair of justice against a negro; just as in the olden time the negro despaired of justice against the whites. From Louisiana we have a report of one gratifying result of the refusal of the negroes to labour. In consequence of the demoralisation of the negroes in many parts of the State the white popu lation went into the fields themselves, and are now producing the finest crops of the South. If the ex periment succeeds in the end as well as it has in the beginning it should settle the question of the ability of the white man to labour in sugar and cotton fields. Every Western mail brings us intelligence of the intention of all the Indians along the border to unite in a war against the whites. Nearly every tribe from the Canada line tcf the Gulf is in the league, and the object is revenge for the massacre of the Cheyennes. Several columns of Federal troops, principally in Minnesota, are advancing against the Indians, and the war has actually begun. The overland telegraph line to San Francisco has been cut, and there is a report that the mail stages no longer run. On July 25 1,000 Indians, of the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Blackfeet tribes, attacked a tele graph station 50 miles west of Fort Laramie. The garrison numbered less than 200, but, being se curely posted in a blockhouse, succeeded in driving the Indians off after a conflict of two days' dura tion. Thirty-three whites were killed and wounded. The Indians retreated west, along the telegraph road, destroying the line, and declaring that they would now fight the whites for all time. The War Department is alarmed at the state of affairs, and large bodies of troops are already on the way to de fend the border against Indian raids. It is esti mated that there are 320,000 Indians in the western tribes. Quite a novel contest between rival steamers is soon to come off in New York. A Mr. Dickerson challenged the Navy Department, and offered to pit his steamer against any steam vessel in the service. He was sure that a steam engine built on his prin ciple of construction burned less coal and produced more power than any engine in the service. As Dickerson has annoyed the department greatly, the secretary would not for a long time take any notice of him until compelled by the newspapers. Then the department, evading the trial of speed, accept6d the challenge, on condition that both vessels should be tied to the wharf, and minute observations should be taken of the amount of coal burned, and the number of revolutions made by the machinery of each vessel. This novel experiment is to be made in New York, and will continue for 96 consecutive hours, but the most probable result will be not that either vessel will come out first in this treadmill race, but that both will spring a leak from the un usual strain upon their timbers. The great Chicago Lake tunnel, the fame of which must be world-wide, is being pushed forward very successfully. The mammoth crib, which is to be the terminus in the lake, has just been sunk about two miles from the shore, from which distance the water to supply the city will be taken. The tunnel can soon be bored from both ends, which will hasten the progress of the work, which now advances at the rate of 17 feet a day. The workmen have already bored it out from the shore at a distance of 3,206 ft. When completed the cost of the tunnel will not be less than $2,000,000, but the people of Chicago can afford to pay this price for such a supply of pure, fresh water as the tunnel will bring them, and think its cost cheap. ;The Queen's Visit to Germany. EOSENAU, COBURG, Aug. 12. The Queen, accompanied by Princess Helena, Princess Louise, Prince Leopold, and Princess Beatrice, arrived at Rosenau yesterday morning at half-past 8 o'clock. Prince Alfred and the Duke of Saxe Coburg met her Majesty at the railway station, and accompanied her Majesty to the house. The Weather in the Atlantic. LIVERPOOL, Aug. 15. The log of the Peruvian, which arrived here last night from Quebec, reports heavy seas during four days of her passage, and moderate weather during the rest of her voyage. niErtSUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVEN AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA. GASTEIN, AUG. 15. Baron von Beust arrived here yesterday evening at 7 o'clock. Count Blome will leave to-day. An understanding is stated to have been brought about between Austria and Prussia in reference to the Duchies. The King of Prussia will leave Gas tein on the 19th inst. TEE ENGLISH FLEET AT CHERBOURG. CHERBOURG, AUG. 15. The English fleet arrived here yesterday, and was appointed the place of honour in the harbour. The town is crowded with visitors. MEXICO. AdTices received hero from Mexico, via Havana, bring the following proclamations issued by the Republican General Cortinas. " Republic of Mexico, Constitutional Army, Cor tints, Brigade General-in-Chief. " CIRCULAR.—For the purpose of affording security to those persons residing in places not occupied by the enemy, and to distinguish the guerillas from parties of robbers, it is hereby declared : " That all armed forces which may be found in the Northern district of the State, bearing the cha racter of Republicans, and who have not the proper and legal authorization of the General Government, or of the subscriber, will be considered bandits, and will be apprehended and punished in conformity with the laws. " And for the more exact compliance with the orders, those who are without this credential or authority will apply for and obtain it within the peremptory period of three days. " Independence, Liberty, and Reform. "JUAN A. CORTINAS. " Camp of Challatella, July 15, 1865." _ _ _ . , It is stated that in order to counteract the influ ence of the following circular issued by Cortinas, Gen. Mejia, commanding the French army, has pro hibited any person from leaving Matamoras. Per sons going over to Brownsville are subjected to a great deal of inconvenience, as they are not allowed to return without a pass from Mejia : " Republic of Mexico, Constitutional Army, Cortinas's Brigade, Gen.-in-Chief. " PROCLAMATION.—The subscriber, in accordance with instructions from Gen. Negrete, Secretary of War, and General-in-Chief of the army operating against invaders and traitors, and to give an oppor tunity to all loyal Mexicans to depart with security from the points and places occupied by the common enemy, proclaims to the inhabitants of heroic Matamoras the following decrees : " 1. All communinication, commerce, aid trade between the port of Matamoras and all other ports of this State are entirely closed. "2. Every individual who may be found going to or coming from the said port will be appre hended and tried by a military court-martial, which will be organised for this purpose, and considered as a traitor to the country, and, consequently, all his effects will be confiscated, according to the laws established by the Constitutional Government of the Republic. "3. All inhabitants of Matamoros and those places under its jurisdiction which, unfortunately, are found under the flag and dominion of the so called Empire, will be allowed the term of twelve days, counting from this day, to depart and carry their effects at least three leagues distant from the said city ; with the understanding that when they suffer any losses, they will be paid by the Govern ' ment when such losses arc satisfactorily proved. " 4. All persons who depart from Matamoros, in compliance with the foregoing decree, are by such act alone excepted from the penalties of the second decree. " 5. All those who follow the. , . so-called Imperial Government, neglecting this opportunity of showing that they are loyal Mexicans, will be considered traitors, and their goods confiscated for the benefit of the national treasury. " 6. The time conceded by the third decree will expire on the 25th inst., after which time no person can leave Matamoras without incurring the penalties established by wise decrees. " 7. That no one can plead ignorance, these de crees are ordered to be published. " Independence, Liberty, and Reform. " JuAN A. CORTINAS, R.L.S. " Camp of Challatella, July 14, 1865." The United States Army Corps in the depart ment of the Rio Grande has been reorganised, and now consists of three divisions. Gen. Steele com mands the district, and will soon have the entire (coloured) corps echeloned along the river. The First Division is in and about Brownsville, under Gen. G. A. Smith. The Second Division is between that point and the Grande City, which lies 120 miles up the river. A new Third Division is being formed at Brazos, and will be posted as soon as organised. The former Third Division of the Corps was sent to Fort Fisher in the late war, and was not returned to its command. The strength of the 25th Corps will be about 18,000 men. FRANCE. BOURSE, Aug. 14.—Two o'clock.--The attend ance is so thin that the Bourse can hardly be said to be seriously opened ; everybody is much more occupied with to-morrow's great fete than with busi ness. 11,050 North of Spain and 3,025 Credit Mo bilier Shares are demanded to be discounted to-day. In spite of these enormous demands, the only two quotations known on Threes up to the present hour are 67f. 95c. and .67f. 97ic., with a fractional ad vance on the closing quotations of Saturday. Credit Mobilier have had the following quotations-768f. 75c., 762 f. 50c., 766 f. 25c., and North of Spain 198 f. 75c., 201 f. 25c., 197 f. 50c. Consols are tele graphed from London without any change. Three o'clock.—The Stock which has attracted most at tention has been the Mexican Loan, which has ad vanced 1 per cent.—to 274, on the belief that the long-expected conversionwill take place next month. Prices improved a little towards the close, which took place at the following quotations : per Cents. 97 50 Do. end month — S per Cents. 6B Do. end month 67 95 Ditto Threes Mexican Loan 47 75 Do. Bonds Russian — Credit Mobilier 770 Do. end month 770 Bank Shares 3590 Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt Credit Fonder Italian Loan 6a -- Deferred - Roman - end month, RAIL' Acut. 850 1067 50 856 25 Orleans - ' " Northern Ilona and Mediterranean ',AY& . . . . . SOutliern Western Easteni Sardinian' Austrian 563 75 •.• - ••• 526 25 _ - ... 270 -- _ - ... 405 - Lombard 4BO North of Spain 2OO Saragossa 313 Ditto to Barcelona Boman _ - ~. 222 50 A SINGULAR TELEGRAPHIC BLUNDER.—One of the office-bearers of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, who had to attend the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the memorial to the Duke of Athole at Logierait on Thursday, loft Edinburgh on Wednesday without his cocked hat. On discovering the omission he telegraphed from a station on the Inverness and Perth line to his wife in Edinburgh, "Send my cocked hat to-morrow.". Our readers may judge of his consternation when, on the following day, his friend put into hie hand, not the miss ing article of attire, but a parcel of "cooked ham," into which words it appeared the telegraph clerks had trans formed the message !—Dundee Advertiser. " OUT OF TowN."—Yesterday, at the Sheriffs' Court, Red Lion-square, in a railway compensation case, only 'four" out of 21 special jurors attended, and a tules was prayed. The answer was that the special jurymen were " out of town." NG, AUGUST 15, 1865. at * " ;j - y a ..\ 'i• • giltrt ‘94 t l r- -2 7 L tg; o ral ' , Agricultural Prospects. The week opened with a breezy day, but the weather became threatening at night, and on Monday morning a good deal of rain was registered as hav ing fallen. This day opened with a doubtful ap pearance, and heavy rain fell at 11 a.m. ; though it afterwards cleared, and was fine the remainder of the day. Tuesday was more favourable, and harvest work was resumed generally. Our advices from the West Riding of Yorkshire stated :—" Since this day se'nnight the weather has been variable, though on the whole favourable for the crops, which are now being cut in all directions. The fields already cut seem to set up fuller than might have been ex pected, especially oats, which have much improved since the rain which came when they began to shoot. Some of the wheat and barley fields are not so bright as could be wished, but will be a good sample in this locality. Beans are not so well spoken of, the top flowers not having set ; but peas aro well reported on hereabouts. Turnips have improved, as well as potatoes, but gardeners complain much of the green fly among their crops." From the East Riding of Yorkshire our advices stated :—" Weather is changeable, a good deal of rain has fallen, which has interfered with harvest operations, but no harm is done as yet ; in fact, should the weather clear up, the rain that has fallen will prove more beneficial than otherwise." From Norfolk :—' Since Wednesday last the weather has been very unsettled, and a good deal of rain has fallen, consequently but little progress made with harvest work." From Suffolk :—" It is impossible fully to estimate the injury done to the grain in the fields by the rains of the past few days ; but if the complaints of sprout and damage - which reach us to-day be true, it is very great." From Northum berland, on the same day :—" The weather was very wet and cold on Wednesday and Thursday ; since then it has been milder, with occasional heavy showers ; wind varying from N.E. to S.W." From Lincolnshire, same day :—" Since my last report the weather has been very unsettled, and heavy rains have fallen, which have impeded har vest operations in these districts." On Wednesday the morning was quite autumnal, with a thick at mosphere, but it held up without rain, being the second good harvest day, and field work progressed favourably and extensively. Wind varied from N.W. to S.W. ; thermometer 66 degrees, barome ter as low as 29.35 inches. Thursday was a similar day, the sun broke through, and it was fine up to 4.30 p.m., when rain set in, and was very heavy for many hours, with thunder. Our advices on that day from Suffolk state :—" Since our report of last week the weather has been generally of an unsettled cha racter, and harvest operations have been interrupted. In most districts a commencement has been made with wheat, and in some a considerable portion has been cut ; but at present a small amount only has been carried. Appearances indicate that on our heavy and good mixed soil lands there will be a fair yield ; the light lands are undoubtedly a short crop. Barley has been improved in its malting qualities by the rain ; but as the crop is generally bulky, and the straw is wanting in strength, a good deal is laid, and if we have a continuance of wet weather the quality must suffer." From the same county near the coast our advices state—" Since Monday last we have had fine bright harvest weather, and wheat cutting is progressing rapidly round about us. The little carted at present is in poor condition, and must wait for spring thrashing. The reports of the wheat crop continue unfavourable ; quality and yield, espe cially of white, will be very different to last year ; and as the crop is cut into the dark opinion in creases." Friday morning was very unpromising, and it became quite showery at 1 p.m. From De vonshire our advices under that date state, "A good deal of wheat has been carried during the past few days in prime order, but to-day we have had heavy rains, and harvest work is completely stopped." From the West Riding of Yorkshire it was observed, " Our farmers are using the reaping machines freely, and will soon have some wheat cut. Some of them talk of cutting 15 acres per day where the crop is all upright, and 41 qrs. per acre." Another ac count from the same neighbourhood says, " Since I wrote you on Tuesday the weather has been rather cloudy, and a few slight showers have fallen, but not entirely to stop harvest operations." From Lincolnshire, on the same day, our advices state, "It is now beyond any doubt that the mildew is making serious injury to the wheat in this county generally—less on the high districts and more on the low, and, in fact, you cannot see anywhere that golden line which indicates quality and weight ; and altogether I believe a very bad crop of wheat will be harvested. Carting_ wheat has commenced partially. More rain is threatening." Saturday was a showery day, and no harvest work could be proceeded with. On the whole, hurried carting was gone on with during about three days, and much wheat must now be in poor condition. The unsettled weather has come . at a most important period. The atmosphere having been close, and temperature somewhat high, both sprouted wheat and black barley will be the result. Front the pre sent aspect of the weather, it may be considered as very unsettled ; - and the fear is that no immediate improvement will take place ; so that, sooner or later, fine old wheat must be further enhanced.— Mark Lane Express. DEATII OF SIR BENJAMIN HEYWOOD.—Sir Ben jamin Heywood, Bart., one of the oldest and most respected citizens of Manchester, and a well-known banker, died on Friday evening at his residence, Claremont, Manchester, in his seventy-third year. a lr m, en a . nd George pi.ebe n i , d V i o l - ki f n A s, R D C . I D ID ., E A A r e c O h N de I a I i co I n LKLN I. iingh the Collegiate Church of South well, died on Saturda y night last at the Residence - hous e, Southwell. He was in his 81 st year. Dr. Wilkins w as educated at Cambrid g e. Nottingham, A NEW CONVENT AT YORK.—During the present week a second convent of nuns has been established in the suburbs of York. Some few months ago premises were taken on lease without Walmgate-bar, and have re cently been adapted to their new purposes. The nuns who form the convent are of an order which is one of the most strict in the Catholic . com munion—namely, Franciscans, or Poor Clares, or, as they are sometimes designated, " Collettines" or "Observatines," from St. Colette, who was born in 1380, and who became Superioress General of the whole order of St. Clare, and caused the members of that order to " observe" the originalrules of St. Francis, who had become relaxed. The ladies who are come to York are from a house of tho order at Bruges, and one of them is an Eng lish lady. They are nine in number—namely, six choir nuns and three lay sisters. Their habit is of course brown woollen serge, which is kept round the body by a hempen cord, to which is attached a rosary. The head dress is of white linen, and is continued so as to cover the forehead and chin, leaving only a small portion of the face visible, and a black linen hood covers all. In the house they wear no shoes or stockings, but outside they wear strong wooden sandals. Their beds—which aro hardly long enough to allow of reclining at length—aro of the hardest description, and to this hard couch each retires at 8 o'clock, but rises again at 11, when they repair to the chapel, where they spend two hours in prayer, after which they return to rest until 4 o'clock. They then rise for the day, which in this order is spent in prayer and devotion. The nuns arrived in York on Monday last, and, after visit ing St. Wilfred's Roman Catholic Church, the Cathedral, and St. George's Roman Catholic Church, where a sery ice of welcome was sung, they were conducted to their new abode Here on that and the two following days they received and welcomed all who chose to visit them.—Shrfeld Daily Telegraph.