The Sun. — London, England, 1848-01-26 00:00:00

rHE SU N, LON DON, -7 . ___ WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 26, 1848. 4 44 1 . 4 ' 4, fa7v,tv t ssw , - 1, 44 VS ki p , 0 4 THE CASE OF THE REVEREND DR. JIAMPLEN. QUEEN'S BENCH-(TMS DAY). (Sittings in Banco before the Lora) CHIEF JUSTICE MA_ Ju - tires PATTFSON, CoL,EnIDGs, and ERLE.) TIIE QUEEN V. THE Ancinusnur OF CANTERBURY The arguments were resumed this turning. Dr. ADDAMS first referred to the points urged by him yesterday. He said he now had to contend that the appointment of a bi:hop arose from his election, the Crown confirming the said election, and that the business of confirmation was judicial and not rniniste terial. The statute of Henry VIII., entitled " the payment of first fruits to the Lord Bishop of Borne," was passed in order to abolish the power of the Pope in the appointment of bi-hops, and, consequently, to abolish the enormous sums levied on the new bishops by the Pope for bulk briefs, and so on ; but it did not, he contended, prevent any opp' sition to the olec tion of a bishop. The term " confirmation " was not used in the part of the Statute which had reference to presentation, and therefore he contended that inquiry might he made into the piety or doctrine of a bishop lo presented for election by the Crown, in the same Way as the bishop of a diocese might inquire into the doctrines or character of a clerk appointed to a living; and this might be dune without violating the Act of Henry VIII. in the one case, or existing Acts in the other. The election of a bishop was an inchoate act, and if his confirmation did not take place, he would never be the bishop of the diocese; he would simply be the bishop elect. Much stress had been laid on the absolute nature of the. order to confirm. Suppose a bishop, between his election and confirmation, went over to the see of Rome —suppose a bishop, after his election, became insane, and were brought into the church in a strait waistcoat to be confirmed—could it. be said that the Commissioners appointed to confirm would incur the pains and penalties of prminunire by refusing, under the circumstances, to do so ? To contend that con firmation must follow was an irrational interpretation of the Act. Confirmation was as much a judicial as a spiritual act. He could see nothing in the Act to prevent persons from appearing when they were cited to do so ; and there were cases on record in which opposition had been admitted, for which the parties admitting the opposition did not fear incurring the pains and penalties of prseinunire. Francis Mason, in writing in 1625, shortly after the passing of the Act, said that persons were clearly entitled to appear, and that the fact of their doing so would nut subject the hearers to prwmunire. Lord DENMAN—Who was Francis Mason ? Dr. ADnems----He was a clergyman and preben dary at Westminster, and is a person generally con sidered of great authority. Archbishop Potter, in his work on Church Government, though claiming the supremacy of the Crown in all matters ecclesias• tical—though not in the same sense as claimed by the Attorney and Solicitor-General—con sidered that not only the officers of the Church, but the people should consent to the election of a bishop before he could be ordained. lle said the People should be called three several times, if, from the piety, learning, and life of the person proposed, he was a fit and proper man to fill the vacant office. Having alluded to the opposition of a bookseller named Jones to the election of Bishop Montague, reported in Collier, he contended that the opposition would have been received if it had been offered in due form of law ; and Dr. Rives, an able and eminent divine, declared that the opposition would have been valid if it had been in writing, but as it was not, it fell to the ground. Lord DENMAN inquired what authority Rites had for saying that the grounds of opposition to a bishop must be drawn up in writing ? Dr. ADDAMS conceived that he inferred so from the fact that it was usual in the Ecclesiastical Courts to receive proceedings in writing. Mr. Justice ERLE also inquired what ground the same authority had for saying that a locus standi could not be obtained unless the grounds of opposi tion were presented in writing by a proctor ? Dr. Appeals said he was incorrect in this, as a suitor might appear in persona. The Learned Counsel then read the account of the election of I3:shop Montague, as reported by Bishop Goodwin. Lord DENMAN said, no doubt bishops were con sulted on these matters, but it would be important to ascertain whether the opposition in the case of Mon • tague took place before or after confirmation. Dr. ADDAMS then referred to the opposition given to the election of the Bishop of Manchester by Mr. Gutteridge, who was confirmed by commission. After asking Mr. Gutteridge several questions, the Chief Commissioner finding that his exceptions were not signed by an advocate, told him that his opposition could not be entertained, at the same time :tette, thnt the commissioners eeeeidered that they were Simply there for the purpose of confirming the said Bishop, and not to hear any grounds of opposition. Th., Learned Counsel then cited the case of the emi nent Dr. Clarke and Dr. Maiden, whose doctrine being considered unsound, were not elected on account of opposition, though the last was afterwards ap pointed Bishop of Derry, but in this country he was to have been Bishop of Gloucester. lie hoped that he had shown their Lordships that the business of con firmation was merely a judicial act. The fact, that the warrant of confirmation was endorsed " fiat con firmatio," was strong presumptive evidence of this; the fact, also, that parties were cited to appear a few days before, and in short the whole proceedings came under the same interpretation. If these acts were not judicial he was at a lose to understand what were judicial proceedings. It was absurd to say that the commissioners had no power to hear the grounds of opposition. lle then recited the pro ceedings which took place at Bow church. The Learned Solicitor-General had said that the pro ceedings at the election were merely "a sham and a shadow," but if they were so, surely the confirmation came under the definition. When he expressed himself so strongly of " shams and sha , dews," as evinced in the election, he might have go ne further w i t h great propr i ety, and said that the citing of parties to appear, and when they did appear, at great expense to themselves, and at great pains and trouble, being told that they could not, and yet after that were again cited, was a " sham and a shadow'' of the most egregious and monstrous kind. Lord Deeteee, having referred to the affidavit, said—lt appears the parties say that they appeared when they were cited to do so, that they were told they could not appear, and that all parties who were sited and who did not appear were judged " contu macious." Now it appears to me that the Learned Solicitor-General meant that the whole of these pro etedings were " shams and shadows." The SOLICITOR-GENERAL—Oh yes, my Lord, every word of it.—(Laughter.) Dr. Anniats hoped the Learned Counsel would bring in a Bill to abolish such useless ceremonies ; or, if they were to he continued, that he would bring in a Bill fixing future confirmations for the Ist of April, so that the old story of making people April fools might be carried out to the letter.—(Renewed laughter.) If he had been the counsel for the oppos ing party in the case of the Bishop of Manchester, he should first have insisted that the appearance of the opposing parts should be recorded in the registrar's hook, as in that case there could be no doubt that they would have an appeal, and could have come to this Court for a man damus. lieughton considered that the court ap pointed to confirm a bishop had jurisdiction to hear grounds of opposition, and other authorities agreed with him. The ATTORNEY. GENERAL here said, as his Learned Friend had stated in his absence that no com mission was issued by the Archbishop, he wished to Produce the original, in order to set the matter at rest. It WIIS directed to Dr. Burnaby, Sir John Dudgson, and Dr. Lushitigton, who, to we the words of the deed, " are h ere b y const i tuted our commis- Dr. s. A nnAsts said he had been misinformed, but he might take that opportunity of saying that they had not the same facilities of referer ce to the register as his Learned Friends had. When the statute said that confirmation must take place within twenty days, it inferred that it was to be done unless there was some lawful hinderance, such as illness on the Part of the person to be confirmed. Ile begged the attention of the Court to the 26th of Henry VIII., which provided for the election of suffragan bishops, and it s t ate d that their confirmation should take Place within three months if there was no let or hinderance, and it could not be said in the case before the Court that there was no let or hinderance. If this mandamus were granted, the character of his doctrine would be at once determined, and if it was proved that his doctrine WAS not erroneous, he would then he in a position to take his seat on the bench with greater satisfaction to himself and the public at large, and if the suspicions with respect to his doctrine should be confirmed, he would not of sour be a bi s h op " to all intents and purposes, " the Crown would again have to uroceed to a fresh election or appointment. If the present was not a case for mandamus, he did know what could make a case ; no other course was open to; the parties if they did not succeed in the present motion. lie did n o t cons i der that the case of Lucy v. Bishop or St. David's, referred to by the other side, was any authority upon the p.pint, because the allegations of the Bishop were rejected by a superior court, and there was not, of course, any appeal. The present case was totally different from that, for if the allega tions in this case had been heard when tender( d, an appeal would have been brought to a supreme court. With respect to the other authorities cited by the other side, he would not go through them, but leave it to those Learned Gentlemen who would follow him to do so. The Learned Doctor concluded by apolo. gising for the great length to which his address had xtended, and trusted that the Court would grant the mandamus. 'AI 1%11. S. ST EVF,NS followed on the same side. The object of the statute 25 Henry VIII. was to annul the power of the Bishop of Rome in this country, and that the Archbishop of Canterbury should be allowed to confirm and consecrate without any appeal to Rome. This power was not first granted to the Arcl:hi,hop by that statute, but, on the contrary, was recognised by it. The sentence pronounced by the commissioners for the Archbishop with respect to the confirmation of Dr. Hampden proved that the Arch bish,,p acted in a judicial manner, and in 17 Viner's Abridgement, title 6 E., it was stated, " that if sentence is given by any ecclesiastical judge, it is to be pronounced by the common law judges that it is according to the ecclesiastical law." In " Gibson's Codex," page 114, it was stated " that the election, prior to confirmation, is an incompleted act, and may be vacated by the refusal of the :person to accept, and by the King to admit, and by proof of any legal incapacity at the election. In support of the judicial character of the Archbishop in the Confirmation of a bishop, the Learned Counsel cited 3, Sawtell, page 71, Godolphin's Prepertorutn ; the case of Peakcock, 5 Cooke, page 58 ; Lord Raymond, page 541. It was evident, therefore, that the finding was a judicial one. Now, what were the facts of the case ? The confimation was appointed to take place at Bow Church, opposers were duly cited to appear, and three beneficed clergy men of the Established Church came forward with their proctors and counsel, and with their charges proprrly reduced to writing and legally signed, and they were refused a hearing, and he contended that there was therfore an absolute denial of justice in the case, and no other remedy was left for the parties but that of mandamus. No appeal could be brought, because the parties had nothing to appeal against. The Court had power to issue man damus in this case. In support of the argument that the Court had the power to issue mandamus the Learned Counsel cited Rex v. Mayor of Fowey, the case of Bagley, reported in 11 Cooke, 118 ; Rex v. Baker, 3 Burrell's Reports, 1267, and in this case Lord Mansfield stated in his judgment that writs of mandamus were introduced to prevent disorder from a failure of justice, or defect of police; therefore it ought to be used on all occasions where the law estab blishes no specific remedy, and where in justice and good government there should be one. The case of Rex v. Bishop of Lincoln, 2 Term Re ports, page 338, in a note, Rex v. Bishop of Ely, 5 Term Reports, page 477, also bore out his views of the jurisdiction of the Court. Then it had been said, on the other side, that the Court would not issue mandamus in cases where penalties might attach for obedience to the writ. The case of Rex v. Everett, cases of the time of Hardwicke, page 261, was a cause decidedly in opposition to that view of the case. Even with respect to points of practice, the Court had interfered by writ of mandamus. The case of Rex v. the Justices of Caernarvon was a case in point. Lord DENMAN—In that case the Court has some reason to think they ought to re-consider their de cision. Mr. PEACOCK followed on the same side. It had been assumed by the other side that the King had the same power as the Pope. He contended that he had not ; the King could not consecrate a bishop. Mr. Justice COLERIDGE—He had the same power of dispensing. Mr. PEACOCK submitted that he had not the power to dispense with the question of age, as that subject was regulated by several statutes. One of the ques tions submitted to the Archbishop on his consecra tion was, " Will you be faithful in ordaining bishops ?" Now, would it be considered that the Archbishop would be bound to lay his hands upon any person whom he knew to be incapacitated legally from the performance of his duties ? His Learned Friend Dr. Bay ford had said that a profound darkness rested over them with respect to what was the canon law. There was, then, the greater necessity for en ' deavouring to obtain what light they could upon the subject, and he conceived that the best mode of ob taining this light was from the practice which had existed for centuries in the confirmation of bishops, and that practice had always been to cite any opposer to come forward. Now it appeared from the affida vits in this case that the parties cited to appear were not allowed a hearing. Suppose, for instance, the Archbishop previous to his consecration of a bishop should put the question to him, "Do you believe in the Scriptures ?" and the bishop was to answer, " I do not." Would the Archbishop be liable to pros munire if he refused to consecrate such a person who had no faith in the Scriptures ? Mr. Justice COLERIDGE—What is the nature of the proceedings under prtemunire? Mr. PEACOCK apprehended that it would be indict ment, and that the party would be entitled to plead " not a nitty," and thor. t. T iai a the whole question. In the case to which he had just alluded, supposing an indictment should be brought under praemunire against the Archbishop, he would be entitled to plead " not guilty," and show that the Bishop did not believe in the Scripture ; and he apprehended that would be sufficient grounds for setting aside the in d.ctment. There was no provision made in the sta tute for the Crown doing any act tantamount to confirmation or consecration, should the Archbishop refuse to do either the one or the other ; but if the Dean and Chapter should refuse to elect, then the Crown had the power to nominate, which clearly showed that it was intended to grant some discretion to the archbishop in the matter of confirm ing and consecrating any person who might be elected. He contended that the commission sent by the Crown contained no positive command to confirm et all events. It had been said that the present was not a proper case for mandamus ; no other resource was open, no appeal could lie, unless there had been a hearing of the case. The parties had been refused a hearing, and the only course to adopt was to call upon the Archbishop by mandamus, from this Court, to compel them to hear the parties. In the case of Lucy v Bishop of St. David's the parties had a right of appeal, the case having been heard and decided in one of the courts, and this Court could not interfere by mandamus, and it would be found that in all the cases cited where mandamus had been refused, it had been refused upon the ground of a decision having been given in the case. A writ of mandamus was only a command to hear, and not to decide. Mr. BADDELEY—The king, by virtue of his pre rogative, had full power to call upon the Ecclesiastical Courts to do right. It was clear that the commis sioners acting for the Archbishop at Bow Church had mistaken the law, in refusing to hear the parties. It was important for this Court to interfere by prohi bition in the case of excess of wrong ; and upon the same principle the Court had the power of interfering by mandamus in such a case as the present, where there was a deficiency of justice on the part of the commissioners. It had been argued upon the other side that the Court could not interfere in matters of ecclesiastical law. The present was not a case of ecclesiastical law; it was a matter of statute law— the construction of a statute—and it was fully com petent for the Court to interfere in such matters as the interpretations of statutes. There was no doubt that the Archbishop had a discretionary power. That power was deducible from the Scripture itself. St. Paul, in his epistle to Timothy, ch. iii , 2d and follow ing verses, and to Titus, ch. i., gave that power to the bishop, and enjoined a careful inquiry into the fitness of the persons to be ordained, and see that they were not liable to any charge or imputation. The canon of the Council of Nice, in the year 325, and of Antioch in the year 375, of Laodicea in 372, the Fourth Council of Carthage, in 387, and various others, acknowledged this power, and threw upon the bishop the duties of inquiry into the fitness of candi dates previous to their ordination by him. The Learned Counsel having concluded reading the authorities .with respect to the rule of the canon law in foreign countries, stated that he apprehended that that was the rule received in this country, and he sub mitted that the arguments of his Learned Friend the Attorney-General, that the canon law was to be consi dered in this country as foreign law was a total mistake. In support of that propositic4 the Learned Gentleman referred to the argu ments of the late Sir William Follett in the House of Lords, in which that learned and lamented counsel had stated that the canon law was the law of England. Lord DENMAN called the J:s.-erned Gentleman's attention to the fact that in the case he was referring to the late Lord Chief Justice Tindal, respecting the judges in the House of Lords, had stated that the canon law was not the law of England, un less it had been approved of and adopted in this country. Mr. BADDELEY then resumed his arguments, and proceeded to cite authorities at some length on the subject of the confirmation of bishops by the archbishop, and the st:Autes before and after the Reformation, in respect of it, and arguing from them that it was clear that the penalty of prwmunire would not result to the Arch bishop if he did not comply with the command of his Sovereign, and the wishes of the Dean and Chapter. All that was required of the Archbishop was that, if he did confirm, he should do so judicially, that was, receive any objections that might be offered to the confirmation, and do all in his power to afford full information of the quality of the party whom he was called upon to confirm. Mr. Justice ERLE wished to know whether there was not a part of the history of this county in which the King claimed the right to instal a bishop without the confirmation of the archbishop ? Mr. BADDELEY was not aware of the claim ing of any such right by the Sovereign of this country. On the contrary, in the reign of Edward the Third, an d i n that of subsequent monarchs, statutes were passed for the purpose of ensuring the rights of the Pope to confirm the appointn ten' t of bishops. The Learned Counsel not having conclud Ed his arguments at half•past four o'clock, the I wither consideration of the case was adjourned till to•n sorrow morning at ten o'clock. UNITED MEXICAN MINING ' AS SOCIATION.—(TIIIS DAY.) The usual half-yearly general meeting of th e pro prietors of the United Mexican Mining Asso , iation was held this afternoon at the offices, Flu sbury Circus; Sir John Easthope in the chair. The report represented the mines to have been utterly unproductive owing to the disturbed st. lto of Mexico, and the scarcity it hed caused in the s rticle of quicksilver. The last difficulty, howev ei , had been overcome, and there was now a pry aspect of the mines being again brought into profita bl e em ployment. The balance-sheet showed an available balance in London of 8,781/. 6s. 4d., and in Mexico of 72,4091. 6s. 4d., exclusive of bonds, &c. in thr. hands of the Mexican agent, and claims upon the Z/lexican Government. The balance in London co uld be greatly augmented if remittances could be safely made from Mexico, but the war rendered it d au gerous to venture upon a transmission of species to this country. The report was unanimously adopted. SALE OF RAILWAY SHARES BY AUCTION.-(THIS DAY.) At Messrs. Lamond and Co.'a sale this day a good business was done. The following are a few of the principal quotations: — East Indian, Reg •£Ci 12 6 Royston and Ilitchin North British, Thirds South Yorkshire, Doncaster, and Goole 1 11 0 Taw Vale Extension and Dock .. . 010 0 Cornwall 1 5 0 Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston 0 8 0 Newmarket and Chesterford..... , 14 0 0 South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4 , S 17 6 Reading, Guildford, and Reigate 7 14 0 South Staffordshire , 2 2 0 Buckinghamshire .... 7 15 0 Eastern Counties • ••• ........ ..•, 16 8 0 Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A)... ..... , 3 17 0 DEATH OF DR. JOSEP FI BELL, OF EDINBURGH. It is with sincere regret that we have to announce the death of one of the most distinujished medical practitioners in Edinburgh, Dr. Jose ph Bell. The melancholy event took place in his bowie in George street, on the evening of Saturday lag t, about nine o'clock. The cause was, we believe, typhus fever, caught in the discharge of his professional duties. Up to Wednesday the 12th, Dr. Bell w: as in the enjoy ment of his usual health ; on the fonowing day, he was seized with illness, which contin , leci to increase until he was cut off in the midst of his fame and his usefulness. The present season, it has been remarked, has been peculiarly severe on the members of the medical faculty, several of whom have been attacked by fever; but perhaps the heaviest blow they have sustained is the loss of Dr. Joseph Bell. By the public and the profession he was universally esteemed. Few stood higher, or enjoyed a wider reputation than he did. By his brethren he was held in the greatest respe ct. The public placed every confidence in his skill and abilities, as was testified by his extensive prat Lice. By the poor his death will be sincerely lamenited, for his charity was unbounded. His professional eminence, com bined with the pleasing and gentle amiableness of his character, endeared hira to a wide range of friends, amongst whom his memory will long be cherished. Dr. Bell had a sort of hereditary claim to distinction in his profession. He was the youngest son of the late Dr. Benjami n Bell, the Liston of his day, one of the most celebrated operators and practical surgeons that Scotland can boast of. His mother was a daughter of Professor Hamilton, who filled with distinction the (Jhair of Divinity in the University of Edinburgh ; so that, by parentage, as well as by professional eel ebrity and personal labours, the name of Dr. Bell has loing been intimately connected with the medical renown of the Scottish metropolis. He was warmly attached to the Esta blished Church, of which he was an active member, and, at the time of his death, an elder in St. George's Church.—Edinbnro Advertiser. THE MAIL PACKET SERVICE BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE. (From the Annotateur of Boulogne.) We have already made a general exposé of the steps that it would be requisite to take were a serious wish entertained to make the transport of dispatches through Boulogne as regular as the service will allow. We are about, on the present occasion, to compare the service of thi s por t w i t h th a t carried on by Calais, and to show how much more favoured the latter is than ourselves, by reason of the facilities which it exclusively possesses. If reference be made to the postal convention of the 23d of December last, published in the lllonileur of the 27th, the following notice will appear :—" The departure f rom London' will take place at sight o'clock, P.M. ; the dispatches will be returned to the Post- office at Boulogne at half-past two o'clock A.M." And further on :—,' The departure from London will take place at eleven A.m. ; the dispatches will be re turned to the post. office at Calais the same day at six o'clock r.s." _ . What strikes us at the first sight is the fact that seven hours are allotted for the conveyance of letters from London to Calais, whilst only six hours and a half are granted for the passage from London to Boulogne ; this is half an hour to our disadvantage, and yet the re verse ought to be the case, for every one is aware that the passage from Dover to Calais is somewhat shorter than that from Dover to Boulogne. The departure for Boulogne takes place at night throughout the year; whereas, at Calais, it takes place during the day for three-fourths of the year — another disadvantage. The harbour service at Calais is performed by boats expressly constructed for the purpose, and manned by hands long accustomed to the operation. Our seamen have no experience of this kind of service, and their boats are wholly unfit for it—third disadvantage We are assured that Mr. Hamilton, the English Vice- Consul, has been ordered to England by the Admi ralty, with authority to choose and bring hither a perfect boat. This is something, and we ought to show ourselves grateful for the condescension of the English Admiralty; for everybody knows that the service often necessitates the employment of two boats at once, and even a third in reserve, in case of damage, &c. At Calais the mails are commanded by officers of the locality itself, whore an experience of twenty years has rendered perfectly acquainted with the soundings and currents, &c., and who certainly will do all in their power to insure the success of the ser vice as far as in them lies. At Boulogne the officers are English, whose capabilities are undoubted, whose good will itself inspires us with every confidence, but who, perfectly au fait of the peculiarities of the port of Calais, are in no wise acquainted with ours; they have here their apprenticeship to se:ve ' and the con sequence is that a long time must still elapse before they can lose, in thick foggy weather, that indecision and that nervous anxiety inseparable from the position in which they have been placed —e. fourth disadvan tage. Whosoever will weigh all those unfavourable cir cumstances, and will, above all, reflect that as the trains leave at a fixed hour, a delay of two minutes is fatal, will be in nowise surprised if the mail service has failed six times at Boulogne against four at Calais. It is a certain fact that if our packet-boats had been able to dispose of the surplus half hour which those of Calais possess fur their passage, and if their captains had been as much at home at our port as they are in that of Calais, the five days just alluded to would have been reduced to two (on the 9th and 18th January) ; and we ought to show what were the causes of those delays, and to demonstrate that the port of Boulogne had nothing to do with the matter. On the 9th the packet was compelled to re-enter the port in consequence of damages sustained by the engines, so that another vessel had to get its steam up and to take the mail. On the lath there was such a tempest from the S.S.W. at Dover that no packet could leave. The Calais and Belgian mails were sent from Ramsgate. We cannot repeat too often that the harbour service, whatever our neighbours may say, is as feasible at Boulogne as at Calais, provided it be carried on with vessels expressly constructed for the purpose, and manned by picked hands, paid in proportion to the miserable hardships which they will be called upon to undergo in bad weather. It is also proper to notice another circumstance. The letters from England rid Calais reach Paris at five A.M., and are included in the first delivery, when they are behind hand they leave by the four o'clock train, and are distributed at noon; their delay is not productive of any inconvenience. Those of Bou logne, on the contrary, ordinarily delivered at noon, are sent off, if behindhand, by the half-past eleven o'clock train, do not reach the capital till night, and are not delivered till the next day—a delay which is far more inconvenient, and gives rise to loud com plaints. must also say, that in the recriminations pub lished in the newspapers the port of Boulogne is often blamed for delays of which it is entirely innocent. Thus, the National announced some time ago the delay of two letters dispatched from London on the 6th of January. The first, posted in the morning, was not delivered in Paris until Saturday towards noon. The second, dropped into the box on Thurs day evening, only reached its destination on Sur.day morning, 48 (read 60) hours after its deposit in the letter-box. Now, the first of the these letters passed through Calais, the second through Boulogne, and although the Calais mail of Thursday, the 6th of January, in the evening, an d t h at of Bou l ogne o f Friday, the 7th of January, i n t h e morn i ng, were b o th behind hand, and missed their respective trains, they left by the following trains, and were delivered in Paris on Friday at noon an d t h e same day i n t h e evening. If, therefore, the letters in question had not been delayed by some negli gence, either in the Post office of London or P aris, they must evidently have been de livered 94 hou rs sooner than they were. We shall conc l ude by correcting an assertion in the Industriel de Calais totally destitute of truth. That print has not blushed to inform its readers that the port of Boulogne, having a rocky bottom, cannot be deepened so as to permit the entrance.ef the packets at all times of the tide. The Industriel Calaisien knows perfectly well that there is no rock whatever, but only sand, in that part of the port which would be excavated for the purpos e of rendering it " mediterranean." cssnittoooenrnitneeedb. wers , DOINGS IN BRI S TOL . In order to a d vance the restoration of the beautiful church of St. M ary Itedeliffe, Bristol, some of the more earnest m i n d s in that city have associated them selves under th e t i tle of the " Canynge Society, " and held their first m eet i ng on the 3d instant. An annual dinner, whereat t h e amount subscribed during the year is to be d ec l ared, and a portion of the building selected for rest orat i on, forms part of the plan. A subscription of not less than 21s. annually constitutes a member. M r . J . K. Haberfield, whose name has been long associat e d w i th good works in Bristol, is the first preside n t ; and the mayor, the vicar of the parish, the chamb er l a i n, and various members of the c orporation are on t h e committee. The idea is due to Mr. Thomas P roctor, who has devoted himself for some years past to obt a i n t h e restoration of the church in question, which, as th e a dd ress o f the Canynge Society truly sets forth, " i s one of t h e most beautiful of associations, both lit erary and h i stor i cal. " The ex amples rem e a a i n nin se g arcely new society of mediae v al art, and a s t o r e h ouse materially, but it see ms to us quite extraordinary fail to advance this object that such a step should b e necessary in a city like Bristol, full of wealthy m en . S he Exchange, one of We mentioned some time ago, that parties m the best works of John Wood, of Bath is to be re plated a renewal of th e paint with which the of the town council, opposed to such a proceeding, called in Mr. all§ of the quadran g l e are covered. Some God win, the architect, for an and in m a ki ng hie report, alluded to faced d e opinion, who advise d that the .wall s s h ou ld b e f res h Thi s , a pp e a rs to have had some effect, for tenders have jus t now b een sent in f or res t or i ng , stone by stone, a co nsi derable portio n o f th e b u ildi ng , f under the town surve y or . The Exchan ge a ff or d s a sad instance of th e insubs tantial nature of Bath stone. with the of the building, an d it , miserable state of decay. Although but one hundred years old: (it was com menced in 1740, and opened September 21st, 1743), it is • g literary going all to p ieces . It is to be hoped be that some other stone wi ll used in the restoration. —Builder. MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.-0, Saturday evening last, the 15th instant , an in q ues t was held at the Foun tain opposite the Mrs. Be , al o s n , b l e h f e ore bo l d N y 'ill o ia t m a , a fruit seller, a It appears Treleaven and two other n ta a i t n iT l e nn of , l'a en lm ry o n ti . th, kept by poor Gn yr o e m ne woman Eowms were ne , csbOiyt r t O itn n tg e e r inn t a . o mt r he t e h o e fs b trT o e r er o st u si above inn, with their baskets of apples, when a strange was accosted by Treleaven, and as ked if he wanted apples. A bar man, apparently a sai lor, who w as passing, gain was struck for what she had in her „basket—she was desifed to follow him into the inn, which she did, and was followed by her two female companions. Soon after entering the room . half pint of shrub was ordered, inone) of . which was followed by a se cond half-pint. Th e man , i n paye pocket-pistols, for what had ben searching rn i hissh ei pockets to ier, dd which he placed on the table witho ut say i ng they were char4ed. The woman they to o k up one of them i n efu ( ,took out fo r a brace her i;and, observing to the man and to her female com panions, that it was a pretty plaything for her children, and she should like it. The man ob.,erved that he could not part with them, he had bought them for his own children. At this moment the pistol held in Treleaven a hand exploded. The ball it contained passed through her cheek, taking a direction through th e roo f o f th e mouth, and lodged in the skull. She at one. fell a lifeless corpse without a struggle. The poor woman has left a husband and foar small children to lastent their logs. IRELAND. ATTEMPT TO MURDER. DUBLIN, JAN. 24.—Two farmers, named John Sullivan and Michael Connors, were stopped last week by three men armed with guns and pistols, in the barony of Cothmore, in the county of Waterford, and who demanded money. On being refused, one of the party fired at and slightly wounded Sullivan. A reward of 60/. has been offered for the arrest of the villains. SUSPECTED MURDERS BY POISON. A paragraph from the Boyle Gazette, announced the death, under suspicious circumstances, of the brother and sister-in-law of the late Rev. Thos. Ma guire, the celebrated controversialist, and also stating that there were grounds for believing that the rev. gentleman had been himself the victim of foul play in some quarter. The stomachs of the brothers were forwarded to Dublin for medical examination, and this day Dr. Brady, after a careful analyzation, dis covered a quantity of arsenic in the stomachs, quite sufficient to cause death. The demise of Mrs. Ma guire following so close upon that of her husband, the inference is that she, too, did not die from natural causes. Suspicion has fallen upon a female domestic who resided for fourteen years with the Rev. Mr. Maguire, and who, it is said, expected upon his death to be put in possession of some property which he held, but which he subsequently willed to his brother and family. It is supposed that the rev. gentleman partook of the poison by accident. REPEAL ASSOCIATION. The usual meeting of this body was held to-day at Conciliation Ilall, Burgh. quay, and was numerously attended ; Mr. Jeremiah Dunne, Lord Mayor of Dublin, in the chair. The CuAlaatAx requested Mr. J. O'Connell to read a letter he had received from him on the subject of the omission of the late Mr. O'Connell's name at the recent civic banquet, in which he stated that the cir cumstance occurred quite unintentionally on his part. Mr. O'CoNiszu. then read the letter referred to, and on behalf of the association, accepted the Apology offered by his Lordship. Mr. J. O ' CONNELL next read en extremely long communication from the Right Rev. Dr. O'Higgins, enclosing 411. from the diocese of Ardagh. The letter was then inserted on the minutes and a vote of thanks passed to the writer. Several sums of money were then handed in ; amongst others, 31. from the Right Rev. Dr. Blake, Roman Catholic Bishop of Dromore, and 51. 10:. per the Rev. John Kelly, Kells ; 41. 10s. per the Rev. E. Costigan, Lusk ; 51. per the Rev. R. Kelly, Roman Catholic curate, Dunboyne, which the rev. writer designated " the Shrewsbury repeal rent." Th• rent for the past week will be something more than 107/. IRISH SPECIAL COMMISSION. LIMERICK, JAL 22, SATURDAY NIGHT. Shortly after the transmission of the dispatch by this afternoon's pest, the fearful ceremony of passing sen tence of death upon the three men, Skeehan, Quaine, and Howard, was completed. The two former affirmed their innocence in so many words. Howard, on being asked whether he had anything to say, said, " I am innocent of this charge, and many in my country know that I am ; I am as innocent as the child unborn; many of my clergy know it. However, I have nothing to gain or lose by what I say. I forgive those who prosecuted me. I did not know them. I could not identify any of them yesterday ; and if I got my liberation at this moment, I could not identify Hourigan's house unless it was pointed out to me. The boy that stood there (pointing to the table) yesterday swore against me; he had my description learnt befcre I was arrested. I have reason to understand it was combined against me. He knew there was a reward. He learnt I had moles on my face. That was the reason he was able to identify me. It was so plain to the world the minute he turned round and said, he had moles on his eheek.' Let any one give me a description of a man that he had moles on his cheek, and I would identify him. I hope, my Lords, by your mercy, and the mercy of Almighty God, you will take my case into your serious consi deration—for it deserves it. lam innocent, but lam satisfied to die. lam not afraid to appear before my God, for I never killed any man. I lived ten miles from Hourigan's. lamas u ell pleased to die as any thing else if it is the will of Almighty God to inspire your hearts with it. I shall have a better master than any master in this world, and I am not afraid to ap pear before Him." The men were left for execution on the 22d of February next. An idea prevails amongst the lower orders that unless theirs is the hand by which the fatal shot is fired or fatal blow is struck, they are not guilty of the murder. It is said to be true that neither Skeehan nor Quaine fited the shot by which Hill was murdered, and that Howard's was not the actual hand by which th. Houri g aria were killed, and upon that round they persisted in their innocence. The evi dence, however, upon their respective trials estab lished beyond a possibility of doubt that they were parties present at, and participating in, the outrages which resulted in the murders of these persons. Howard has the reputation of being one of the worst characters in the neighbourhood of his residence, and it is reported that last year, during the opera tions of the Beard of Works, he, by his threats of revenge, compelled the superintendent officer to keep his name on the books, and to ply him the usual amount of wages, though he performed no labour in return. On the prisoners being removed, The ATTORNRY-GENERAL, addressing their Lord ships, said, that as Monday was fixed for opening the commission at Clonmel, it was impossible for them at that time to proceed further in the arduous duties in which they had been engaged in this and the ad joining county of Clare. The very dreadful exam ples they had witnessed dui ing those three weeks would, he hoped, prove to the unfortunate, infatuated people of the two:counties, who had been engaged in crime, that it was utterly impossible for them to escape withimpunity. After the scene they had just witnessed, it was unnecessary he should refer to them at greater length. The number of capital convic tions that had taken place, and which must be carried into execution, and the number of persons who were now bidding adieu for ever to all they held dear in this country—if these examples had no effect upon those who were engaged in a course of crime, it would be impossible that anything he could say would more impress them with the danger in which they stood. After complimenting the jurors on the manner in which they had discharged their duties, he said he hoped that it would be unnecessary to resume the proceedings under the commission, but he would suggest to their Lordships that, in case it should be necessary, the Commission should be adjourned until Thursday, the 10th of February next. The LORD Cuter JUSTICE said the proceedings under the Commission were entirely under the regu lation of the Government, and he and his Learned Brother, therefore, had no hesitation in complying with the application of the Attorney-General. It only remained fur him to say that he entirely con curred in his observations on the attendance and conduct of the jurors. The country owed them a debt of gratitude, for never, in his (the Lord Chief Justice's) opinion, had he seen jurors discharge their duty with more firmness, patience, or con scientiousness. LITERATURE. TILE ANGELIC YOUTH SAINT ALOYSIUS OF GONZAGA. Translated from the Italian of Father Pasquale de Mattel. By H. S. a the Princess Maria Elisa di Gonzoga-Mantua, Princess of Castig lione, _ A volume of Roman Catholic devotions, written for the use of Roman Catholics, and illustrative of the life and writings of a Roman Catholic saint—we are induced to notice this publication, as it appears to us to be a very singular historical curiosity. The book is an exact and graceful translation from the original of the Padre hlattei, by the Princess of H. S. H. Alexander, Prince di Gonzaga-Mantua, &c. &c., the last descendant of the ancient and illustrious family of which Aloysius was a member. The existence of this celebrated religious of the Papal Church appears to have been of itself a miracle of asceticism. Born on the 9th of March, 15G8, in the Castle of Castiglione —the son of Ferdinand Gonzaga, Prince of the Holy Enipire and Marquis of Castiglione, and of Martha Tana Santena, daughter of Tanus Santena, Lord of Cherry in Piedmont—Aloysius seems to have aban doned himself to a series of austerities which only terminated sith his death, on the 21st of June, 1591, shortly after h. had completed his twenty-third an niversary. Before then he had long practised as a disciple of Ignatius. His career is so extraordinary that it is considered by his co-religionists as an evi dence of his sanctity, while it is viewed by others as nothing less than the consequence of an unparalleled fanaticism. Of the character of the religious sentiments of Gonzaga we may obtain some conception by gleaning the following as among the more remarkable of his maxims : " Let him who falls into sin, however trifling, have recourse immediately to God, and entreat for pardon." —p. 21. "The strength of a Christian proceeds from the holy fear of God ; for he who fears God has nought else to lear."—p. 38. "As water when ruffled or agitated by the winds cannot represent the image of objects ; so the mind which is obscured by defects or agitated by passions, is incapable of expressing in prayer the images of celestial objects."—p. 49. " No one ought to esteem his neighbour worse than himself, but rather, if possible, put a good construction upon all his actions."—p. 60. "He who desires to love God does not love him truly, unless he has a continual thirst to suffer for him every sort of afiliction."—p. 70. The volume before us contains devotions for what is called a plenary indulgence, and others for a novena, the latter bei ng sugges t e d by the reflections penned by Cardinal Bellarmine. In the present translation, which is written in the purest idiom of our language, there is a peculiar interest, seeing that it is the effusion of the wife of the living. representative of the Gonzagas—a Prince whose rights have been acknowledged by Napoleon and Pius, and who, when only fourteen years of age, re ceived on the field of battle the decoration of the Legion of Honour from the hands of the great Em peror and King. This interest, arising from his posi tion, is enhanced by his misfortunes. The work under consideration is dedicated to Pius IX. in these words—words as earnest and dictated in a more ge nerous and gentle spirit than those employed by Walter Savage Landor in his dedication of his " Hellenics" to the same Pontiff:— " Most Venerable and August Pontiff, your Holiness having, in the private audience with which you honoured my husband, Prince Alexander di Gonxaga, deigned to accept the homage of my English translation of the Devotion to St. Aloysius di Gonzaga,' and benignantly pronounced these words, This work would do much good in England allow me to offer my most grateful ac knowledgments for the favour your Holiness has thus conferred upon my undertaking. I feel assured that this record of the above words, pronounced by the successor of St. Peter, and by the Wisest, Greatest, and most Be loved of all earthly Sovereigns, will impress upon the minds of my fellow-Christians the spiritual advantages they may derive from the more intimate study of the miracles and virtues of the great saint whose name I have the honour to bear. Of your Holiness, the most devoted and attached child in Christ, Princess Maria Elisa di Gonxaga-Mantua." We doubt not the book will be examined with particular attention by the Roman Catholics of England. PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE NECESSITY OF ASCERTAINING THE DEVIATIONS OF THE COMPASS. By Captain E. J. Johnson, R.N. Barclay. This valuable and important work is the result of the observations, inquiries, and researches, of Cap tain Johnson, the Superintendent of the Compass Department of the Royal Navy; and it is published under the sanction of the Admiralty. Its object is to illustrate the necessity which exists for ascertain ing the deviations of the compass on board all ships ; and when we inform our readers than the annual average number of wrecks of British ships is about 547, and that at least ninety-nine out of every hun dred vessels are navigated across the seas by persons ' who have no knowledge of the deviations of the com pass, it will be evident that such a work as the one now before us is a boon of inestimable value to the nauti cal world. The deviation of the compass is quite independent of the variation : the latter is tolerably well understood by all seamen, and is properly al lowed for in the science of navigation ; but the former is nothing more nor less than the error of the compass, and to calculate the extent and influence of which is a matter of great difficulty, inasmuch as in some vessels the amount of deviation is small, while in others it is so large as to be quite sufficient to cause the loss of a ship even during a short run. Thus it is clear that the deviation in one vessel is not a guide to its amount in another ; and there is no other remedy but ascertaining this precise amount by direct experiment in each ship. For this purpose Captain Johnson has laid down a set of " Practical Rules," which are appended to the work now under notice. We have stated that the deviation is the error of the compass ; and from the causes of this deviation it will be apparent that iron vessels, espe cially steamers, incur incalculable perils so long as the amount of deviation remains unascertained. For the deviation of the compass is mainly caused by the li influence of the ship's iron upon the magnetic needle, according to the direction of the ship's head; although minor causes of deviation may be found in the reciprocal action of com passes upon each, other when the binnacles are placed too closely together—as well as in the imperfection of the compasses themselves, or rough usage, and in attention to the occasional examination of the pivots, caps, needles, &c. Now every o ne —b e h e th e ver i est landsman that never saw the sea—knows that in directing a ship's course allowances are made for leeway, the set of the tides or currents, and for the variation of the compass ; but it is by no means so usual to find that any allowance is made at all for deviation. We frequently read of ships being wrecked upon a coast, a rock, a sand, or a shoal, from which, accord ing to the " lead, log, and look-out," they calculated at the moment of the disaster they were fifteen or twenty miles distant; and then it is wondered how the misfortune could possibly have occurred. The wreck of the Apollo frigate and forty of her convoy on the coast of Portugal, in 1803, was the subject of profound marvel in the nautical world at the time, seeing that the charts were accurate, the calculattons nicely made, and the usual precautions of navigation duly adopted. A similar sensation of wonder was excited when three of our finest line-of-battle ships were wrecked on the coasts of Jutland and Holland in 1811 ; and in thousands of other instances the surprise has been as great, and the mystery has appeared as impenetrable. But the lucid demonstrations of Captain Johnson have at length dispelled that mystery ; and it is plain and evident that while all the usual precautions of the art of navigation were adopted in the cases alluded to, the one grand calculation was omitted—the de viation, or error, of the compass was unthought of ! We will suppose a vessel to be steering up the Channel in the night; it would endeavour to pass midway between the Portland Lights, on the English coast, and Cape La Hogue, on the French coast. hi this case it would leave all the perils of the Channel Islands and the Gaskett Rocks on the right. But an error of half a point in her compass —that is to say, the deviation—in a long run, would carry her into the very dangers which she was endeavouring to avoid. Again, the distance between Dungeness Light and the Light on Cape Griznea (France) is twenty-three miles. The Reliance, East Indiaman, was lost on the French coast in 1842, by taking a wrong course through the deviation of the compass, and which led her to mistake the French for the English Light. But if the deviation can be so great in wooden ships, how much more must the magnetic needle be influenced by the huge masses of iron employed in the construction of steam ships and their machinery. This consideration may naturally revive the question of how the Great Britain came to be wrecked ; for the error of the compass frequently induces a course which will place signal lights in such a position with regard to the ship as to engender the most fatal mistakes. Thus, in 1842, Captain King, of H.M.S. Alban, informed Captain Johnson that on one occasion, when leaving the Long o ships Light (o n the C o rnwall coast), he steered th T n for sixt ee n miles, and then north by east for the u. at lighthouse (on the Irish coast) ; but when th is weather,e h which had been very thick, cleared up, .to surprise he found himself in a most dangerous situation on the Welsh coast In this instance all the usual rules and practices of seamanship were fully adhered to; but it was the deviation of the compass, for which no calculation had been made, that led to the adoption of a course so far astray, and so p er il ous l y wrong. a The Ethalion," says Captai n J o h n - SOD, q uoting another instance, " ran up on a s h oa l in the Gulf of Finland when steering, as the captain and master supposed, in the fair- way between two shoals, according to the bearing of a point of land given in the sailing directions, as leading clear of them. The point of land did actually bear as di rested; but then it was the bearing taken with the Ethalion's compass, which was found afterwards to have been attracted by some bars of iron under the quarter-deck." And here we must observe, that as the deviation in one vessel is not a guide to its amount in another, neither is it a guide to the direction of such deviation. This remark most especially applies to steam-vessels; for, " supposing the deviations of the compass in steamers to be represented by curves, they are much more abrupt in some vessels than in others ; appearing as if they were produced, not solely by the effect of cast-iron, such as the guns, nor by the rolled iron of the great funnel; but also by mal leable iron, probably polarized, such as portions of the . machinery, boat s ' i ron d av i ts, & c., and poss i bly b y soft iron in certain positions." The grand conclusion, therefore, to which Captain Johnson comes is, " that nothing but actual observation in each vessel can he relied upon for practical purposes." The captain gives us a table, showing the deviations of the compass, as ascertained by actual observation, on board fifteen of her Majesty's steam-vessels; another table, showing the deviations on board as many ships of war of dif ferent rates ; and several other tables, all illustrating his arguments and corroborating his opinions. Many of the results ascertained by Captain Johnson were derived from experiments made by swinging several of her Majesty's ships in the waters in front of Ingress Abbey, at Greenhithe; and every test which his imagination could devise, or which circumstances suggested, tended to confirm all his preconceived views relative to the paramount necessity of arriving at the deviations of the compass in every ship upon the earth's wide waters. Ansi it is because we our selves are struck by the immense importance of the 1 subject thus scientifically and logically brought for , ward, that we have treated the matter at such length, and in a way which, we hope, will be completely in telligible to the public generally. THE CORN TRADE. At most of the leading provincial markets held since Monday, the value of wheat has given way to about the same extent as it did on that occasion at Mark-lane. The depression at Liverpool has been somewhat greater than elsewhere, owing to the ap pearance there of rather liberal supplies of wheat and flour from Ireland. On Tuesday the best qualities of wheat were übtainablc i❑ that market 3d., and rough parcels of Irish 6d., per 701bs. below the rates cur - rent on that day se'nnight. Fine fresh brands of Amerivan flour were not quoted lower, but Irish was offered freely at a decline of Is. per sack. dater in the week more confidence was shown, and on Friday quite as much money was realised for wheat, whilst flour and Indian corn sold better than on the previous market day. The accounts from other large towns in the north are dull. Our letters from Scotland describe the weather as having become cold and seasonable, and the corn brought forward at Edinburgh and Glasgow on Wed nesday was, it is stated, in better condition than on any previous occasion this winter. At the first named market wheat brought very nearly former terms ; bat at Glasgow prices were quoted 6d. per boll lower. From Ireland the accounts are on the whole dull ; the recent arrivals of Indian corn at Cork, &c., and the expectation of further supplies, had occasioned this article to be pressed on the markets ; and rather increased deliveries of grain of native growth having at the same time appeared, with full advices from this side, buyers had refused to act, except at lower rates. Meanwhile, great distress continued to prevail among the poor, owing to the dearness of potatoes. Some falling off has taken place in the supply of English barley, only 6,941 qrs. having been received within the last eight days. Pricep of this grain having been reduced of late to a point deemed tolerably safe, factors have been firm ; and though the maltsters and distillers have since Monday conducted their opera tions with considerable caution, they have scarcely been able to buy on as easy terms as those then cur rent. In foreign barley there has been very little passing, still good heavy grinding samples have been taken in small quantities, at much the same rates as before. The stand which the price of barley has lately made has induced holders of malt to display more firmness, and the finer kinds have maintained their previous position ; nor have we heard of less money having been taken for the common descriptions, though the latter have been very dull of sale. We have to report an increased arrival of home grown oats, having, in addition to 3,13'2 qrs. from our own coast, received 2,957 qrs. from Scotland, and 9,329 qrs. from Ireland. English beans have come forward rather sparingly; and though the inquiry has been of a retail character, lower rates have not been taken. Egyptians have also been held firmly at previous prices. Neither boiling nor feeding peas have excited much attention ; and in the absence of business of im portance quotations have remained unaltered. The accounts from Ireland being discouraging, Indian corn has been more freely offered, and this article has gradually given way ls. to 2s. per quarter; good Galatz having lately been sold at 335. to 355. per quarter. The value of Indian corn meP.l has also re ceded more or less.—Mark-lane &Tress. A ludicrous scene occurred, not very long ago, in a certain small chapel, situated in one of those romantic and secluded valleys for which West Cumberland is so celebrated. The ►_ - .,inister, who was a man by no means averse to the enjoyment of the good things of this world, was engaged in catechising the juvenile portion of his flock, and on putting the usual question " What is thy name?" to the girl who stood highest, a strapping wench of thirteen, the only daughter of the village Boniface, received no reply. " What is thy name ?" said the minister in a more peremptory manner. Girl—'Nin o' yer fun, parson ; ye kna me neame varra weel. Duont ye say, when ye re at our house on a neat,' Bet, bring in another pint o'yelt 1' " It is needless to say that notwithstanding the sacred nature of the place in which they were assembled, the congregation was on a broad grin. His reverence looked daggers.—Lancaster Guardian. MONEY-Manurr.—The premium on gold at Paris is 13 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 100. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex change of 25.47 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25.65, it follows that gold is 0.70 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 434 k rer mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 10id. per ounce foi standard gold, gives an exchange of 13.91 ; and the exchange at llamburgh on London at short being 13.121, it follows that gold is 1.25 per sent. dearer in London than in Hamburgh. PROFESSIONAL BREVITY.—When Mason was pre paring the case of E. K. Avery, and had examined about two hundred witnesses, somebody called to see him. The legal gentleman sent word that he was occu pied and could not be interrupted. " But the man is a witness—a Methodist minister." " Call him up," said Mason. " Well,' sir, what can you testify ?" " I have had a vision ; two angels have appeared to me and told me that brother Avery is innocent." " Let them be summoned !" said Mason, as ho resumed his work.— Boston Athenaum. A Witm DEER.--The somewhat marvellous an nouncement that a white deer had been seen at Ardish lake some time ago reached the ears of the sporting gentlemen at Applecross, who shortly afterwards started in pursuit of the prodigy. It was captured, after a laborious search, and proved to be an albino... -41 hind almost purely white.—lnverness Courier. NORTHERN CIRCUIT. The following days were yesterday arranged with regard to the above circuit : (Before Mr. Baron ALDERSON and Mr. Baron RoLrE.) Lancaster—Saturday, February 19. Appleby—Wednesday, February 23. Carlisle—Friday, February 25. Newcastle—Tuesday, February 29. Durham—Saturday, March 4. York—Thursday, March 9. Liverpool—Monday, March 20. THE RECENT FATAL ACCIDENT AT THE EUSTON SQUARE TERAIINUS.—Last evening Mr. G. J. Mills held an inquest at the University College Hospital, on the body of James Hickie, labourer, being the third party who died in consequence of injuries received on the 6th instant, by the falling of a wall, &c.. in progress of erection near the above terminus. It will be recollected that Mr. Mills held an inquest on the first sufferer, John Shea, on the 10th instant, when the jury declining, though the Deputy-coroner consulted there on the point, to examine professional persons unconnected with the building, returned a verdict to the effect " that Shea had died from injuries caused by the fall of a certain wall, but how that fall was produced there was no evidence to show. The verdict did not give satisfaction, and a second sufferer dying, an inquest was commenced on the body on Thursday, the 20th, which Mr. Wakley and the jury ordered to be adjourned to Monday next, that they might hare the evidence of an architect, appointed by Government, to examine the locality of the accident. Mr. Mills adjourned the inquiry of yesterday to the same day, after the proximate cause of the death, but not the remote cause, which is now the great object of inquiry, had been proved. SOCIETY OF GUARDIANS FOR THE PROTECTION OF TRADE.—An extraordinary meeting of this society was held yesterday, for the purpose of taking into con sideration the state of the law with regard to lending goods upon hire, and to take measures to promote the appointment of a public prosecutor, the lessening of ex penses in criminal proceedings, and the more efficient punishment of swindlers and bill•stealers. Mr. Alder. man Farebrother took the chair, and a very long dis cussion took place upon the state of the law, which per mits goods lent upon hire to tenants to be seized by the landlords for rent. A motion to refer the subject to a committee was lost. On the other subjects upon the notice paper being introduced by Mr. Barber (who spoke warmly in favour of the efforts made by Mr. Gray to secure the conviction of the swindlers who had robbed him), it was, after much consideration, resolved that a public meeting should he called, for the purpo s e of con sidering them, as well as the necessity for amending the law relating to the lending of goods on hire. This reso lution being arrived at, the meeting separated. COURT CIRCULAR. TUBSDAL—Viscount Palmerston is expected to arrive at the Castle this eceniag, on a visit to the Queen. La Marquise de Trazegnies and Major de Most kerke were in attendance on their Belgian Majesties yesterday afternoon, on their arrival at the Castle. The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening will include their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians, her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Excellency Mons. Van de Weyer, the Lady in Waiting of the Queen of the Belgians, La Mar quise de Trazegnies, the Lally in Waiting of the Duchess of Kent, the Baroness de Speth, Viscount Palmerston, Lord George Lennox, and the Gentle man in Waiting of the King of the Belgians, Major de Moerkerke. _ _ The band of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards will attend during dinner. The Queen's private band will afterwards attend in the Castle. General Bell had an interview with Sir George Grey yesterday, at the Home•office. Sir Henry Vere Huntley, late Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward's Island, transacted business at the Colonial-office, yesterday. Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Excise, bad an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence in Downing-street. Earl Granville has arrived in town. SPORTING IN NEWMARKET CRA\ Acceptances for the 2 st lb, 8 13 8 12 8 6 8 5 7 9 7 7 7 6 7 5 7 3) 7 2 7 0 TELLIGENCE. rEN MEETING, 1848. Tewmarket Handicap. Mendicant, 5 yrs Miss Sarah, 6 yrs The Conjuror, 5 yrs Prussic Acid, 5 yrs Administrator, 4 yrs St. Demetri, 5 yrs Watchdog, 4 yrs Sagacity, 4 yrs Queen Mary, 4 yrs Lady Lift, 4 yrs Deriades, 4 yrs Doctrine, 4 yrs Millwood, 4 yrs Palma, 4 yrs at lb Kimblesworth, 4 yrs 6 9 ;Marquis of Conyng- I ham, 5 yrs . ISir Peter Laurie,4 yrs 6 a 'b f by The Provost, out of Cracow, 4 yrs Miss Whip, 4 yrs Sylvan, 3 yrs Bacchanalian, 3 yrs, 5 13 Good Boy, 3 yrs 5 10 Reflection, 3 yrs 5 8 Sam Hood , 3 yrs 5 7 Miss Margrare, 3.yrs, 5 7 LETTERS CIRCL Estimate of tho number e in the United Kingdom • 1847.* JLATED by POST. E chargeable letters delivered in each year, from 1839 to 1 ANNUAL INCREASE. ................ Number of Number o f Per centage Year. Letter. Letters. reckoned on the Number for 1839. 1839 76 millions} 1840 169 ... 93 millions 123 per cent. 1841 1961 ... 27i ... 36 ... 1842 207 ... 10i ... 11- 14 ... 1843 220} ... 13 ... 18 ... 1844 242 ... 21i ... 22 ... 1845 nii —29 i 39 ... 1846 I 299 1 ... 28 ... 37 ... 1847 1:322 ... 226 ... 30 • The estimate for 1839 is founded on the ascertained number letters for one week in the month of November; and, strictly speaking, it is for the year ending Dec. 5, at which time 4d. was made the maximum rate. The estimate for each subsequent year is founded on the ascertained num ber of letters for one week in each calendar month.— (Vida Return to the house of Commons, No. 586, 1847.) This is exclusive of about Gi millions of franks, AID-EL-KADER. The following letter from Toulon contains soma cnrious details upon the submission of Abd-1-1. Kader " TOULON, JAN. 19. "I have seen the Emir. It is quite a mistake his eves are black ; they are of a decided grey, sin , ' by very long black eyelashes. lie speaks v, -- fluently, which is a proof of high distinction among; the Arabs. Whatever may be the reputation of Abd-el-Bader as a soldier, politician, or Mahometm priest, it is much greater as a literary man. He is said to be as learned as an Arab can be. Two leather trunks containing his library have always accom ps.nied him, even during the last months that preceded his submission. They also made part of his personal baggage on board. But every one is ignorant of the real cause of his submission, which was love. He is another Antony. After having endeavoured with heroic courage to make a passage through the Moorish camp, he succeeded, with a considerable number of his followers, in sufficiently disengaging himself as to be able to gain the desert, but at the moment be was about to profit by the liberty this last coup de main gave him he heard the firing which had reached his deira. Then, like the lion of the desert who sees his lioness entrapped and his cubs carried away, he retraced his steps and fell upon the Moors, with the rest of his faithful followers, whilst the cries of his wives, whose tents the enemy had commenced pillag ing, exalted his courage. Twice the Emir was rolled to the ground with his horse wounded under him, twice surrounded and seized he released himself by his extraordinary agility, and gained a victory by hard fighting in the midst of a victorious retreat. "The Moors, intoxicated with the desire of pillag ing the deira, threw themselves in numbers upon this body of 4,000 old men, women, and children, de fended by the Emir, surrounded only by hit kalifats, aghas, bachaghas, and the chiefs of his regular troops, and likewise in want of ammunition. Finally, after having left behind him a train of his friends' and enemies' blood extending three leagues, he arrived upon our frontier, where, for the price of such an offence, he found no other alternative than a choice between two enemies. At last, abandoning his deira, which enclosed all his affections, to our generosity, he departed, in order to regain the South. After two nights' march, though certain of saving himself, his heart softened at the idea of his isolation, and We ferring captivity with his friends, he returned to treat with us. If this man had not already con quered our esteem by the heroic struggle he has els tained against us during 15 years, every one here agrees in saying that the courage he has displayed in this last and supreme hour of his military career de mands our deepest sympathy—provided that history does not write upon his tomb, to our shame and the justification of England, 'He also came like Themis tocles, but like Napoleon he only found an implac able enemy.' " The Emir is still confined in his sad prison. He reads the Koran to his faithful followers. During the prayers they open the windows and make a large fire in the middle of the room. His mothe t r ed cries it hi . a wives sob, and he is almost broke said the only thing whichacgognrsaorlaetsehs iLhielasatirshitttuhneo7ll - of his enemy CoNsuMrrroir or MEAT IN PARIS.---DUTing thp year 1847 there entere d 9 9thep4 8,7 11 c 3 s 5 1 a 7 ug c h a t l e v r es h , o 5 u 0 s 3 7 1! ol srhaereips, 82,519g0ats ° t x sTand there loft these establishmuts 48,860,266 kilogrammes of meat for Paris, and 140,93:i kilogrammes for the Banlieue—in all 49,021,231. Thera were delivered to the trade in Paris 3,158,101 kilo grammes of melted tallow, and 2,236,248 kilogrammci to the exterior—in all 5,394,349. In 1846, the number or animals slaughtered was 79,995 oxen, 22,586 cows, 84,260 calves, and 486,445 sheep, and 4,909,:i01 kilogrammes of melted tallow were delivered to tho trade. The consumption of 1847 thus exceeded that of 1846 by 2,524 oxen, 2,404 cows, and 1ti,668 sheep, and. 11 as less by 683 calves. The quantity of tallow waa greater by 475,167 kilogrammes. To tho 48,880,266 kilogrammes of meat supplied to Paris in 1847 fn .m thes slaughter houses must be added 4,653,2801 kilogrsinu-P4 introduced by the barriers, the total being 53,533,5462;. In counting the population at, in round numbers, 1,000,000, the consumption will only be about 531 kilo grammes per head, which is very little indeed, especially when from them must be deducted the portions which are unfit for food. The quantity of pork, which is generally consumed by the lower classes, which was introduced into Paris in 1847, was 4,488,878 kilo grammes, which gives only about 4i kilogrammes to each individual. Surprise is expressed that, with srch a limited consumption, the 376 sausage-makers of Paris can make such costly displays in weir shops,--. Galignani's Afessaujer. • 6 13, 6 101 I