The Sun. — London, England, 1835-12-10 00:00:00

roL. Xll. cies in this ention that an engUir• out dealing " Hydro' ate treatise! under the reek [l, when the is rendered Among th e , entalists or yetelwein of of Clonfert, sed velocitY and Do mint them• ce will find en t treatise• 7tion of :the surface, put Interest, 15 r possibly he ' T way quail complicated e reader wil l lars respect' among the among the )er is got 01) ion to facts and leaving y be said of annica" is a my well !s' concerned-" !xcept those :r and more mber is env llustrative of )l. 20. 'e have Yet, )den Papers can judge °f ablest essaYs eview, and in iefs, and the previous tt; vith the ski l l intersperse d )aden's to Sir Hul' l : of which S ir n old isa 3c ke the bette r ' urd Cockney t, 16, s been idgeon-fish e ! .e volume which, cen execute lames, i s a 4 an wandere r , t et urhfs• 1 or the Nes' nember some Lsure his C ls' Imes before chy and ae i were, of the contain fe ° Li of Conti' has not bee° less, they or e ily from th e eh they a re umorous spect—of :pant and bi g ic pi c ked uP led the whol e of their ss' , which Wes they prr stian. xh Le Boulogn e liable t° fore hinted' —quite lung or nothiug cially on th e egnr quitte u Leopold, h e t owever, th e copular Sov e ' rwise, esr Ives, withog.: ative. of peace tit e ing not to v. lurites as ction of 'P I ' res, and they :reign pop e' de, we IC IO F Leopold s s follows country free -er ; but Bel' 1 aristocra c li in politics a o immense P ° : !refore eitb`" )f the clerV hateful tilf' urn, as els'; )lock in t t II the g° eople to gi • • o rp °salon oud day f° f most ve:s 3 ; dious, of D rise ag( 0 " .•.11 an elre-O' St, who, 17 1 ( cry tones 4 , 1 ly subjeetc" Mr. Nl9" :~ province: )urse seei o ified shor e s ' d, of vvh C ons, whi' e • s ; that he picturesqut s iere he sore eur bey' o i rig sound . it plodk ,th.'' 1 01 " ,nere dialer Eaegregor of au at° °- ear all al; somethifir end of t IF2 useful st 3; he genco' of Prussi a ' together. BRIGHTON.-WEDNESD AY. The King g,rave audience this . morning to Baron Omp tcdt, the Haaoverian Minister, who arrived this morning from town. The gloomy weather deterrei tl.eir Majesties from leav ing the Palace to-day. Dinner invitations for this evening have been issued to the Earl and Countess of Beverley, and the Ladies Percy, Countess Sandwich, Mr. and Lady Harriet Baring, Gen. Gascoyne, and Sir Charles Vaughan. Lord William Russell, after a sojourn of several weeks at the Norfolk Hotel, quitted Brighton this morning. Lieut.-Colonel Sir George Hoste, Lord Burghersh, Lord de•Roos (who has arrived to be present at the nuptial ce remony of his sister and the Hon. Mr. Boyle to-morrow), Sir Thomas and Lady Reynell, Earl Jermyn and Lady C. Jermyd,'are among our latest arrivals. Captain Mingaye, in the Luitv;.;rth yatch, arrived in our roads this afternoon, and landed to pay his respects to their Maje sties. COURT CIRCULAR. Nonni Effendi, the Turkish Minister, transacted busi ness yesterday at the o,Tcc of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The Law Officers of the Crown had an interview yes terday with the Chancellor of the Exchequer in Downing street. Lord Straffo.d visited Viscount Melbourne yesterday. Despatches from Sir A. Young, Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward's Island, were received yesterday afternoon at the Colonial Office. Lord Holland entertained some of the Cabinet Ministers at dinner last evening, at his residence in South-street. Mr. Francis Baring, Secretary to the Treasury, arrived in town on Tuesday night from Hastings. The Judicial Committee of his Majesty's most Honour able Privy Council, sat yesterday in the Council Chamber. There were present Lord Brougham, Mr. Baron Parke, the Judge of the Prerogative Court, the Chief Judge in Bankruptcy, Sir Alexander Johnston, and Sir E. East. The Right Hon. Thomas Erskine gave judgment on the part of their Lordships on an appeal from Bombay. Baee Rootun Koonwur v. Patek Rewee Budder, confirming the decree of the Court below, although that Court had assigned a wrong reason for their judgment. William Fraser the younger v. John Birch and others, on appeal from the Court - of ChanCery of St. Vincents. v. Mr. Burge, K.C., was heard for the appellant, and Mr. Wigram, K.C., and Mr. Parker for tll2 respondent. The Attorney-General replied for the appellant,,and-their Lord ahips then adjourned. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS. The Countess of Ashburnham, in Eaton-square, from Ramsgate; Earl Spencer, in St . James's-place, from his seat, Althorp, Northamptonshire ; Charles Lyne Stephens, Esq., in Portman-square, from, his seat, Chicks:lnds Priory, Bedford shire ; Captain and Mrs. Hodges, in Grosvenor-street, from Cheltenham; Mr. and Mrs. Austin, at Raggett's Hotel, Dover-street, from their seat in Essex ; J. D. Dingwall, :Esq., at Fenton's Hotel, St. James's-street, from Oxford ; Lord Elphinstone, at ditto, ftorh Windsor ; Sir Willoughby Cotton; at ditto, from a tour; Colonel French, at ditto, from ditto ; Mr. and Mrs. Simpson, in Regent-street, from the 'Continent. DEPARTURES. Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence, on a visit to Lord Segrave, at nis seat, Berkeley Castle, Gloucester ; the Marquis and Mar ,ehioness of Bristol, from St. James's-square, to Brighton ; -Lord Francis Egerton, for his seat, Oatlsnds, Surrey ; J. R. lives, Esq., from the St. James's Hotel, Jermyn-street, for Norfolk ; John Calvert, Esq., for his seat, Albury Hall, `Hens ; Colonel and Mrs. Robbins, from Ellis's Hotel, St. James's -street, for their scat in Hints; W. Grassett, Esq., from ditto, for Brighton,. Lawrence and Lady Jane Peel, fro m ditto, to ditto ; Gilbert Munroe, Esq., from ditto, to ditto ; Edward Platt, Esq., from the St. George's Hotel, Albemarle-street, for his scat, Denise Park, Horsham ; D. Latouche, Esq., from Fenton's Hotel, St. James's-street, for Ireland; W. Coulson, Esq., from ditto, for Bath; Captain and Mrs. Murray, from Raggctt's Hotel, Dover-street, for -Brighton. The Ministerial Papers announce that a strict inves tigh tion is ordered to be instituted respecting the mode in which convict ships have been chartered of late. Perhaps th e Tublic will think it would have been as well if the lnvest.gation bad been ordered two years ago, before so in my - hundreds of men, women, and children had been d: 0 wlred by that " mode." PR/NCP; TALLEYRAND.—It is a curious fact this Venerable- dip;pmatist only cats once in the twenty-four hour s , and that is at dinner. His habits are so well known that he will come and sit down at table when a meal is going- on in his own family, and join in conversation, but ino one thinks of ever offering him anything. An account reached town yesterday stating that Ear/ Ferrers had lost his speech and was quite helpless, and not the slightest hopes were entertained of his Lord ship's recovery. The indisposition of Sir William Follett proceeds seeds from the rupture of a small blood vessel ; but he is much better, and by repose and abstaining from exertion his health it is expected will be perfectly restored. Prince Schwartzenbcrg has returned from Constan tinople, whilst his fellow-traveller, Prince Lobowitz, has gone on to Syria. It will be remembered that these Nobles 'were said to have been dispatched by the new Emperor to . the Levant, to report to him the true state of things there. It is rumoured in the military circles ; that Sir H. Haedinge is to be appointed Colonel of the 57th Regiment, vice Inglis. Th. late Lord Vernon is succeeded in his title and estates: by his only son, tEe lion. George John (now Lord Vernon), born 1803, married October 20, 1824, Isabella Caroline, eldest daughter of Cuthbert Ellison, Esq., and sister to Viscountess Stormont. A majoi-ity of 100 appears in favour of the Li berals on the municipal registration list for Hull.—Hull Observer. LORD MORPETft AND THE PRESBYTERIANS. — The Dublin Post gives the Address, recently presented from the Presbyterian Synod of Ireland, distinguished by the name of Seceders, with the reply of his Lordship. Among the numerous joint stock companies now formi ng is one for the improvement of Hastings, with a Ca pital of 200,0001. THE TURF CLUB.—MR. RUTHVEN, M.P.—A lineeting of the Turf Club took place on Saturday, when it was resolved that Mr. Ruthven, M.P., should be called upon to produce his horse Leinster, and the filly Caroline, on the 28th of December instant, at Kildare, in order to have the very unpleasant matter in dispute put an end to. 'Copies of the resolutions have been served upon Mr. Ituthven. Leinster is advertised to be sold with the stud of Mr. K. A. Ruthven, on Thursday next.—Dublin Even ing Mail. It is said that a Dr. Pallas, of Saint-Omer, has discovered a mode of extracting sugar from maize straw. The residue of the straw may be used for making paper, and the grain which is not used for the sugar will produce 300 f. for every 35 acres and a quarter of land. BATH.—A new hot spring, rivalling in all respects , those of the so long celebrated Pump-room, is said to have ibeenlately discovered in the premises of Mr. Pinch, brewer, ot . Kingsmcad,street. MR. BREWSTER.—At the meeting .of the Paisley Presbytery on Wednesday, an intimation was read to that body by the Clerk, from Mr. Brewster, to the effect that the .Rev. Gentleman would carry his case to the Synod, ?wing . to the informal manner in which the charge regarding his attending the O'Connell dinner was brought forward • 'against h igh— Glasgow Herald. A subiect of general conversation among the upper classes at*.Paris at this moment is a splendid service of plate . for thirty --persons, just arrived at Paris, belonging to the arl of Pembroke, made by Storr and Mortimer, and which a privileged few have been permitted to visit, at his Lord ship's residence, at the request of the makers. Its weight is • 8301bs. French, and its cost upwards of 700,000 francs ; 'one piece, a candelabrum, is estimated at 40,000 francs.. Its manufacture occupied the house three years. Nothing tan exceed the beauty and delicacy of the chasing, and the engraving of his Lordship's arms displays the most skilful workmanship. The desert service is of silver gilt.— Valignani. ST. LEONARD'S, DEC. S.—This place is more fult of company, and presents a more animated appear ance than at any previous part of the present season. Th e l uke v and Duchess of St. Albans are sojourning at Edlin's Royal - Yietoria and St. Leonard's Hotel. They see much company, and the Duke intends to give a day's falconry next week. Sir Francis Burdett has been here during the last week, and, when the weather permits, the worthy Ba lonet is to be seen driving four-in-hand, with all the skill end tact of a professed Member of the W hip Club. L ad y Burdett sea breezes of this delicate spot have had a very bene toial effect. The following are the latest arrivals at the Ito,Nral Victoria and St. Leonard's Hotel, viz., Duke and ute t \ess of St. Albans, Sir Charles and Lady Des Vaux ';„ed fiaoily, Lord and Lady Barham, Earl and Counte'a -I-gert oo _ and family, Lady Davy, Admiral White and fa roily, c a m_ and William Dyke, Baron de Sternberg, Mr. and M rs . Adair, &c. Sir Charles and Lady Des Vaux have taken a . house on the Marina for the season. Our readen. l will participate in the gratification n.„'hich we feel, hearing that the Right Hon. Charles 'uennvson d'Ey-ncom4, M.P., has accepted the invitation to !keside at a dinner to be ,given on the 21a, of January, on the occasion o f ]a ins' the iDundation-stone of the Licensed Victuallers' Schou], in Keni*-On-lar.e. This gratification Arises not more from the satisfaction which the presence of this highly-esteemed and respected Gentlen= is sure to afford to the patrons and supporters of the- Institution, that:. from the pleasure which the public must -generally experi ence in the recovery from a harassing illness .of a Menthe/ of the house of Commons, whose character commands the respect and esteem of all parties, even of his political ad versaries, and whose principles endear him to all the friends . -if freedom and-good government, in• every part - of the British Empire. We understand, that from a desire of re sponding to the wishes of his numerous friends and felkAs citizens; by presiding at this dinner, the Right Hop, Gen tleman has deferred his excursion to Switzerland, whither he hasll4l recommended by his physicians, for the per ect re-establishment of his health.—Morning Paper. - THE ALDERMANIC GOWN OF BAiSISTIAW WAnu.--L-Yesterday the contest for the gown of this Ward terminated in favour of Mr. - White. The Lord Mayor stated that the numbers were—for Mr: White, 34 ; for Mr: Tegg, 24. 'Majority in favour of Mr. White, 10. Flis Lordship declared, upon announcing the .numbers, that the election had fallen upon the formes.. 'Alderman,. White thanked his friends for their very great exertions, whioh had terminated in the triumph he anticipated. ••• • PUBLIC DlNNER.—Arrangements are in a state of /forwardness for givinc , a dinner at the. Town-hall to the Members - ofthe borough ; this announcement will be hailed with pleasure by our fellow townsmen. 13irolingham Journal. It is computed that the number of persons in 'Paris who attend mass on Sundays -mounts to 45,000, which is about one twentieth of the whole population.—French Paper. By the:death of Dr. Pelham Warren, which took place at his seat, Worthing, HantS, a few days since, one the largest medical practices in the metropolis comes to be divided amonst his surviving professional brethren. SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 1836.—0 n the 15th of May the sun will be eclipsed to an. unusual visible extent in this country, it being what is termed annular, the sun appear ing like a ring ; at Greenwich, and to the whole of the south of England 10 degrees will be eclipsed out of the ,12 ; at three o'clock in the afternoon it will be dark enough to dis cern many of the stars. A 15th share in the Con.:autionnel was sold by auction on Monday, by the representative of the late pro prietor, M. Chevassut. After a very warm contest, it was knocked down at. 166,300 f.,. which sum will be carried, by the duties to Government and other charges, to nearly .175,000 f. Amon g the west eager of the bidders was a lase Director of the Opera, who is known to be a good judge of this species of property.--Galignani's Messenger. The Asiatic Society of Calcutta has sent as a pre sent to the Asiatic Society of Paris a copy of the Kog'i,rie; an immense collection, in 100 volumes folio, of all the sacred books of the Budhists. The Society thus favoured has de posited its prese - nt in the Cabinet of Manuscripts, at the King's Library.—Galignanis Messenger. PRESENTS TO THE KING OF ENGLAND.—His Highness the Nawab Nazim Bahadoor of Bengal is going to send to his Majesty the King of England a few valua bles and curiosities of the country, on the Bth or 10th of November next, under the charge of two of his English aides-de-cancp. The names of these gentlemen are not yet known ; but an order to that effect has been passed in open •Durbar by his Highnesi. The presents, it is said, are to be very rich, handsome, and worthy the acceptance of the great potentate for whom they are intended, and fully manifesting the high sense of respect entertained for the hewd of the English nation by his Highness the Nawab.— East India Paper. INCENDIARISM.—The following information was received yesterday at the police establishments :—On Sa turday evening, the 2lst ult., an oat-stack was set fire to in the rick - yard in the occupation of Mrs. Ann Holt, near the Church, at E Igce.tt, Buckinghamshire, by which were entirely destroyed, two stacks of oats, two of wheat, one of beans, one of hay, besides other agricultural produce, the property of Mrs. Holt,• and also a barn and hovel, the property of the Rev. Dr. Marsham (Warden of Mer ton College, Oxford). A reward of 100/. by the Lords of the Treasury, and 501. each by Mrs. Holt and Dr. Marsham, have been offered, and the Royal pardon promised to any person (except the actual incendiary) who shall give such evidence as may be the means of bringing the guilty parties to justice. There is at present at Chatsworth, - the seat of his Grace the Duke or Devonshire, a Russian coachman, who was presented to his Grace by the present Emperor of Russia, when Grand Duke Nicholas. He is habited in the - costume of his country, Which consists of a large coat, gene rally green, which is gathered in falds round the waist, crimson sash, with an ample flow of black beard. His Grace is often driven about by this domestic, when at his seat, in a drosky, which equipage has a very curious appearance, being Mate entemble a la Russienne.—Doncaster Gazette THE ROYAL GEORGE.—In a late notice of the. success of Mr. Deane's (the diver) attempts to raise-a por tion of the stores contained in this vessel, it was stated that only two persons were then living who were on board at the time she went down, one of whom was the present Admiral Sir Philip Henderson Durham ; the name of the other survivor was not mentioned ; but we presume it must have been Mark Brown, who had for many years resided at ShottiSham, in Norfolk, and who was an ar mourer in the crew of the Royal George at the time. He was an intelligent old man, and gave a very vivid descrip tion of the awful scene. He was on the deck when she began to fill, and climbed over the gunwale on to the side of the vessel ; and for a period of five minutes, or more, while she was filling with water, he witnessed, by looking through the port-holes, the struggles and exertions made by the devoted crowds between decks to ss.ve themselves from their impending fate. As soon as she had filled, the vessel righted and went down. Brown went down by the side of her, but was immediately thrown up to the surface, as he supposed, by the air rushing out of the port-holes ; he succeeded in catching at a floating hammock, and was afterwards picked up. He was at sea for many years afterwards, and eventually settled at the above place, where he brought up a large family, one of whom is now the landlord of the White Lion Inn, at Sawbridgeworth. He died at Shottisham, on the 27th of September last, at the age of 84.—Hertford Reformer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CITY.—The workmen engaged in taking down the premises on the north side of Little Eastcheap, in order to widen that hitherto narrow and inconvenient thoroughfare, have discovered in the ex cavation of the site on which the late Weigh House Cha pel was constructed, the original foundation of the Church of St. Andrew Hubbard, which was destroyed in 1666 by the great fire of London. That eventful conflagration commenced within fifty yards of this spot, and destroyed a large portion of the neighbouring church of St. Mary-at- Hill, which, however, was afterwards repaired, and the parish of St. Andrew Hubbard united to it, the latter church never having been rebuilt. Last week the work men having removed the - foundations of the chapel which was built above a century and a half ago, found the walls of the old church, which are composed of limestone in un hewn masses, in two parallel lines, the interstices being filled with a composition of river sand, small stones, and lime, the sand bearing by far the largest proportion in the composition. The foundation of the walls were above six feet in thickness, and the workmen found much difficulty in breaking up the immense masses of concrete of which the inner portion of the walls were composed, immense iron wedges and sledge hammers being employed with great labour in reducing the composition to a portable size for removal. In fact, the composition of the remains of the old church show that it would have almost bid defiance to the attacks of time, had not the all-destroying element caused its premature destruction. The remains are even now well worthy of the notice of the antiquary. An im iense quantity of human bones have been found during the excavation, which, there is no doubt, are the remains of bodies deposited in the old church at a period antecedent to the great fire, no burials ever having taken place at this snot since that event. Several cart loads of these relics of our forefathers have been removed to a private burial ground in Whitechapel, and we arc happy to say all due respect has been paid to decency and good feeling by those in di rection of the works. DESPERATE RonnEnst.—On Tuesday afternoon last, a man, named Still, aged about 70 years, went into a beer-shop at Hever, near, Sevenoaks, where he met with two women and a man. After some conversation, one of the women boasted that she could drink a quart of beer in two minutes, if any one - would give it to her. The land lady consequently gave a quart, which she drank within the titre, and also drank another quart given her by some other person, and 4 pint given her by Still immediately afterwards. The party then inquired the way to Eden-bridge ; the old man told them, and said that he was shortly going that way. The man and one woman started, leaving the woman who bad drunk the beer apparently in a fit. The old man went shortly afterwards, was joined by the woman, and walked with her till they overtook the man and the other woman sitting by the road-side. They all proceeded to gether, till Still turned off the road to go to his home by a foot-path, when the party followed him, beat him on the head with a bludgeon till he was nearly senseless, and robbed him of three sovereigns and about seven They were afterwards apprehended at Riverhead, at about tea o'clock on the same night, and fully committed for tOal on the next m orning.--21 - qiclilone Gazelle. . THE LOST SHIP LILLOISE.—A third expedition in search of the LiThise is about to be fitted out. The Recierche is to set sad for Iceland and Che North Sea in the spring. - The Mini.-4er of the Marine, satisfied' with the results of the first voyage, in a scientific point of view, has ordered the publication of the report by Dr. Gaimard, the chief pb)Sician and naturalist of the expedition ; but' it will probably not appear until after the next voyage. .. THE SUN, LONDON, THITIRSOAY, DECEMBER 10. The Minister is desirous of exploring the. western coast of Greenland, with -the twofold object of completing the in quiries relative to..the Lilloise, and of making observations in natural philosophy and natural history. The Bonite will sail from, Toulon between the 15th and 20th instant, on a voyage round the word. After having doubled Cape Horn, that vessel will visit Chili, Peru, California, the Archipelagos of the Ocean, the Philippine Islands, and Cochin China, returning by the Cape of Good Hope. This voyage was first projected for the purpose of convey ing some of the French Consuls to their destinations, but the Minister of the Marine .has seen that a result of two fold.utility might be obtained ; he has therefore appointed. M. Gaudichaud the naturalist, and M. Eydoux a naval sur geon, with another gentleman who is an astronomer, to form part of the expedition, for the purpose of nautical and scientific observations. . . It is confidently stated that another election is ;on the -eve of taking place at Devizes, consequent upon the appointment of Sir Philip Durham to the post of Port Admiral at Portsmouth, which we hear is resolved upon. Rumour assigns several . candidates . for the expected `va cancy ; among thein Mr. Locke, the son of the late Mem l'er.—Salisbury Herald. IRISH CLERGY.—A meeting in behalf of the dis tressed Irish Clergy was held at Whitchurch, Salop, on Thursday last, Lord Viscount Combermere, G.C.8., i n th e Chair. STATE OF PORTUGAL.—LISBON, Nov. 29,_ Some murders have taken place in the provinces within these few days. The murderer in one instance was no less a personage than a high Church dignitary. TUE JERSEY TRAGEDY.—An attempt has been made to liberate Marin, the man accused of the murder of Miss Bethell. It appears that a woman, in the course of Wednesday last, attempted to bribe the jailor and his wife. A guard is now mounted, and will continue till the trial is terminated. ~THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD. _ (From the Newcastle Journal.) - EXTEMPORE EFFUSION. Upon reading in the Newcastle Journal the notice of thz. dent of the poet, James Hogg. When first, descending from the moorlands, I saw the stream of Yarrow glide Along a bare and open valley, The Ettrick Shepherd was my guide. When last along its banks I wander'd, Through groves that had begun to shed Their golden leaves upon the pathways, My steps the 13ot der Minstrel led. The mighty Minstrel breathes no longer, 'Mid mouldering ruins low he lies; And death, upon :he braes of Yarrow, Has closed the Shepherd-Poet's eyes. Nor has the r(3lling year twice measured, From sign to sign, his steadfast course, Since every m or tal power of Coleridge Was frozen at its marvellous source. The rapt one, of the Godlike forehead, The heaven-eyed creature, sleeps in earth ; And . Lamb, the frolic and the gentle, Has vanished from his lonely hearth. Like clouds that rako the mountain summits, Or waves that own no curbing hand, How faSt has brother followed brother From sunshine to the sunless land ! Yet I, whosa lids from infant slumbers Were earlier raised, remain to hear A timid voice, that asks in whispers, Who next will drop and disappear ?" Our haughty lie is crowned with darkness, Like London with its own black wreath, On which, with thee, 0 Crabbe, forth-looking I gazed from Hampstead's breezy heath ; As if but yesterday departed, Thou, too, art gone before ; yet why For ripe fruit seasonably gathered Should frail survivors heave a sigh ? No more of old romantic sorrows For slaughter'd youth and love-lorn maid, With sharper grief is Yarrow smitten, And Ettrick mourns with her their Shepherd dead ! WM. WORDSWORTH. • The Jersey Farmers, following the example of their neighbours, are petitioning the States for a prohibition of French produce, and for other measures to protect the agriculture of the country. They especially complain that the exportation to England of potatoes, which are the prin cipal agricultural produce of the country, is now at an end, owing to our extensive cultivation of the.root. MR. AGLIONBY.—The very active partwhich M. Aglionby took in the Committee upon the Beer Bill, and the bold and uncompromising stand which he made in fa vour of the retailers of beer, as a class whom it was the fashion to rail against, and the interest of the " unpaid". to put down, has not been overlooked by his constituents, On Wednesday last a handsome silver snuff box was presented to him.—Whitehaven Herald. WORCESTER AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.— On Monday last the anniversary meeting of this Association was held in the Crown Hotel, Broad-street, Worcester, Sir Anthony Lechmere, Bart., in the Chair. The Earl of Coventry, who was present, made a speech, advocating a change of the currency as the only remedy for the distress of the agriculturists, and was followed in the same strain by Mr. Spooner and other gentlemen. A motion having been made and seconded, to the effect that the Association should send a deputation to the Central Agricultural Board in London, it was put from the Chair Ind carried unani mously. The company afterwards dined together in another room of the Hotel. MECIIANICS' INSTITUTE AT BRENTFORD.—A very numoroas and respectable meeting of the inhabitants of Brentford was held on Monday evening at the British School Room, for the purpose of establishing a Mechan!cs* Institution for that town and neighbourhood. All persons present were unanimous in their approval of the design, and regretted that so populous a neighbourhood, and so important a r 1 Ice as the Metropolitan county town, had been so tardy in the contemplation of such ah object. The chair was filled by the Rev. Edward Tvluscutt, and the several resolutions were proposed and seconded by ;Thomas Berry Rowe, Esq. (who was appointed Treasurer), J. Hemmings, Esq. (President of the Marylebo:ie Literary Institution), James Montgomery, Esq., James Trimmer, Esq., Rev. J. S. Geary, J. Ashby, Esq., Messrs. Craig, Boatems, Layton, Readshaw, Cox, Cunnington, Cross, Mastermani and Swattan. It was determined that the In stitution should commence its existence on the 21st instrnt, and a provisional committee was appointed to draw up the rules and regulations to be submitted to the members on that occasion. The universal sanction which the undertak ing meets with from all parties, inspires the most sanguine hopes of its success. BRITISH INSTITUTION, PALL -MALL.—The private view of the copies from the great masters took place yesterday at this gallery. The most strik ng picture in the place is the " Venus and Cupid," by Paul Veronese, a beau tiful piece of colouring, though the Venus has little preten sions to be called the goddess of beauty. There are several copies of this picture, but they approach the original in nc thing but the mere outline, and are but poor specimens of the progress of fine art. Opposite to this picture is tl e portrait of the " Marquis Spinola," by Vandyck—a aux]) portrait, and not badly copied by a Mr. Pybus - and a Mr. Hall. The copies are, however, at an immeasurable dis tance f:orn the original. " Titian's Daughter' is a beautifu' picture, well copied by a Mr. Thomas Robson, and also is a joint pro lucton of Misses F. and L. Corboulcl. Toe last is in water coloars, but has all the expression of the original. " Philip 1V.," by Velasquez, shows with what an execrable set of features the painter has to contend. There are se veral bad paraphrases of this portrait, but nothing that can be called a copy. " The Head of Christ," by Murillo, is beautifully painted. The best copies are by Messrs. Ave • ling and 'Scott. " Sampson discovering the Honeycomb,' or rather eating the honey it contains, by Guereino, i s we l copied by Mr. G. G. Bullock and by Mr. T. Fussell. There is opposite to this pa'nting a fine portrait of " a Monk reading," by Rembrandt, which has been tolerably well cc pied by Mr. H. Johnson, and by some others. The copies arc of course but faintly imbued with the extraordinary merits of the original. The " Crucifixion," by Vandyck, is badly copied, and the author of the copy would do well to remove his production. The " Shipwreck of St. Paul," by Backhuysem, is tolerably well imitated by a Mr. Butland and a Mr. Fowler ; but, taking the exhibition as a whole, it is a very indifferent specimen of native talent, and though some of the copies are what is technically called "clever,' there's little to attract and little to praise. Rydal Mount, Nov. 30, 1835. Note—ln the above is an expression borrowed from a Sonnet by Mr. G. Bell, the author of a small volume of poems lately printed at Penrith. Speaking of Skiddaw, he says, " Yon dark cloud ' rakes,' and shrouds its noble brow." These poems, though incorrect often in expression and metre, do ho nour to their unpretending author; and may be added to the number of proofs daily occurring, that a finer perception of the appearances of nature is spreading through the humbler classes of society. FlEBClll.—Amongst the preparations making at the Luxemb urg, for the trial of Fieschi, is that of arranging the implements of the prisoner's crime, so as to serve as re- . ference to the members of the Conk. • The infernal ma chirie itself, so long the attraction of visitors in the apart ments of the parquet, at the Palais de Justice, has been put completely together, and fixed in its original position t a window. By the side of the machine are an iron ramrod, a hammer, a mallet, a saw, and the fatal match half bulled, also four balls taken from the bodies of the victims. With the cord by which Fieschi descended from the window are a piece of iron which he hold in one hand, and a cat-o-nine tails, of which the end of each thong contains a leaden bullet. The trunk, so much talked of, is in a corner of the room, with what papers were found. MR. O'CONNELL AND CREEDS IN RELIGION.— We give the following extracts from a letter addressed by• the Hon. Member for Dublin to " Philo-Liberal." It is the first reply ever made by Mr. O'Connell to an anony mous letter, and he promises that it will be the last " You say that there are points in the Catholic religion which are 'anti-scriptural' and anti-christiam: I smile in sadness at your notions. There is not one human virtue that Catholicity does not encourage, and indeed ordain to be performed. Our doctrine of the necessity of good works' places our faith amongst the powerful stimulants — I should say, renders it the most powerful stimulant—to . tucsa who become the benefactors , of mankind. And•-‘as to tenets being anti-scriptural,' alas! my good Sir, bow fright ful does individual interpretation of Scripture—holy Scrip ture present itself when the Lutheran finds his doctrines the only Scriptural doctrines ? The Calvinist varies from the Lutheran, yet finds his the only Scriptural doctrines ; the Baptist, the Ana-Baptist, the Independent, do Mora vian, the Quaker, the Antinomian, aye, and the Arian as well as the Soc►nian, interpret the Scriptures each in his own favour ; each condemns the belief of his antagonist as anti-scriptural, unless, indeed, the horrors of controverted interpretation are sunk in the deeper gloom of indifference to each form or creed, although we are told from authority that without faith it is not possible to please God. But you in your turn may smile - when I tell you that the tenet which most separates us Catholics from- you Protes tants of one thousand and one forms of belief, is the most Scriptural of all—l mean the real presence' in the Eucha rist. You appeal to Scripture for every thing, and you shut out the Scripture, or mystify it, at your discretion, into vain shadows, on this most awful and most endearing tenet. Blessed be God that I have the delight to believe in the real presence. It is the most endearing of the tics which bind man to his God. It is the tenet that is proclaimed in the greatest number of texts. You Protestants disclaim it, notwithstanding its volume of Scripture: You say with t'le doubting disciples, It is a hard saying ; how can this min give us his flesh to - eat ?' 'Alas! you forget, that whilst He refused to compromise the truth, his unhappy disciples left him for ever, and it was but the chosen few who remained with him, believing. he had the words of eternal life. I sat ► l o irn to write you one line. But my pen has run on with my thoughts, and quite as fast. I cannot conclude witlrout, hazarding a conjecture, that the tenets of Catholicity w:iieli you deem unchristian' and anti-scriptural,' are no tJaets of ours at all, and that you - could to-morrow become an excellent Catholic without believing them in any resaect. At least, the frequency of attacks upon doctrines we do not believe, attributing them to us, as a matter not in the con troversy, makes me prone to conjecture, that your time will be worse than thrown away in the assault of giants to you, windmills to us." COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE. The first act of Mrs. Gore's new drama, King O'Neil, was weary and flat, and promised that the piece would be stale and unprofitable ; the second was as good and divert ing as the first had been dull and prosing ; and the third was not far inferior to the second : thus the end made up for the beginning, and left the audience in very good hu mour. It is decidedly better in all respects, than any pre vious novelty we have bad at this theatre. If it be, as announced, " original," the better still, and we shall be glad to enlist a woman of talents like Mrs. Gore among those who can contribute to our pleasures of this kind, without the imputation of being obliged for nearly every thing that is good to a foreign source. We have metal and material enough of our own, if we would but employ it ; and it only wants a few wholesome condemnations of merely im ported imbecilities to animate our native authors to hazard enterprises, to the success of which they only have contri buted. This is by no means Mrs. Gore's first " original" effort, and we earnestly hope it may not be her last. The main burden of the piece falls upon Power, the re presentative of King O'Neil. We have " him first, him midst, him last ;" and if we had had only a little more of him " first," we should not have had reason to complain of the heaviness of the outset. We never saw him in better spirits, in better humour with his part, and, what is still more, better acquainted with it. He seemed to us un usually perfect, and certainly made the most of all he had to say and do. Mrs. Gore is not very felicitous in Irish phraseology, or in the use of terms that show off w h a t i s called brogue to advantage ; but we take it for granted that the actor here and there supplied the defect from his own abundant stores, though more might have been at tempted in this way with advantage. The fault of Mrs. Gore's dramatic style in general is a want of pithiness, point, and compression ; she is diffuse, and obviously writes too easily, with too much confidence in the terms that first flow from her pen. This error prevails in the production of last night ; and we could name particular scenes where perhaps half that is said might be pruned away with advantage, not indeed by wholesale lopping, but by re moving certain redundanciei in every sentence. In this respect she needs the aid of some practised dramatist before her scenes are submitted to the public. The story of King O'Neil is comparatively nothing, yet it is carried on well to the conclusion, and, with the assistance of Power's acting, is sufficient to keep up attention, and to excite a great deal of laughter. Without Power'S performance, it would of courss be nothing. His part is that of a Captain in the Irish Brigade in the service of Louis XV., but he claims to be a lined descendant of the Kings of Connaught, and hence the title ; for when O'Neil is a little overtaken with liquor, the royal fit comes on him, and he fancies himself as real and legitimate a Monarch as any of those who fill the thrones of Europe, and of a far more ancient and respectable f am ily. In this imagination his brother officers indulge him, ' and contribute to the droll delusion by paying him all kinds of homage and observance. It forms a prominent portion of the plot, that Louis V. himself falls into the project, and O'Neil is absolutely enthroned, and all but crowned by the Monarch of France. Much the same trick is played with O'Neil as with the renowned Christopher° Sly. the error, the unavoidable error of the piece here is, that O'Neil, who ought to be the last, is the first 'intoxicated of a whole mess of officers, and that during nearly the whole of the two last acts he is in a state of partial inebriation, though not so far beyond seas as not to be aware both of his words and deeds. The King (not 0' Niel, but Louis) has made• an appointment with the Marchioness de Cler nzont (Miss Taylor), in hopes of inducing her to take the place of his discarded mistress, the Duchess de Madly ; but instead of attending to it, himself (why he did not is not stated), he scuds to her King O'Neil, whom she mis takes for Louis, and whom she petition's in favour of her marriage with her cousin, Sir Henry Arundel (Webster). The old father of the Marchioness, Count Dillon (11. W a lrack), hears of the assignation, and proceeds to the palace to remonstrate against the insult and degradation thus offered to an old soldier ; and after lie has drawn his sword upon the Duke de Richelieu, and broken it in the presence of Louis XV., he' finds that he has acted under a mistake, and that only King O'Neil has obtained the private and harmless interview with the Mar chioness. His wrath is thus at once terminated, and Louis presents Dillon with hiS own sword instead of that the Count had indignantly shivered. This, with the voluntary abdication of King O'Neil, when he finds that a real Sove-' reign had been a party to the trick played off upon him, forms the whole substance of the piece ; for the jealousy and banishment of the Duchess de the intrigues of Richelieu, and the manoeuvres of the Countess Dillon (Mrs. West) have, in truth, little to do with the story, and serve principally to occupy time. Had the drama been in two acts instead of three, or had the authoress contrived to give Power more, and other actors less, to do in the beginning, we should have had very little to complain of. As it is, we can give the piece only qualified praise, though with every disposition to bestow all the praise we can. We heard no hisses in any part of the house during any part of the performance, and while Power was on the stage the laughter was abundant and genuine. What pleases us most ire his acting, is not its breadth, for it is never remarkable in that way, hut for the very easy and natural mode in which he delivers everything, so as to make highly arousing what would be insipid from anybody else. Asa proof of it, we would refer to his speech last night at the mess-table, when returning thanks for the toast of Royalty ; nothing was set down for him that was not of' the commonest description, but he kept not only the table, but the audience in a roar. We do not like the cosi 'ogle of the performers, however correct it may be; particularly of the ladies ; and we never saw Miss Tailor look so plain, or, to speak more gallantly, so little like her self- There is too strict an observance of costume, French actresses, with all their apparent adherence to it, arc well aware of it. They observe sufficient propriety in this respect without making themselves spectacles, and they accomplish it by a happy combination of ancient habits and modern improvements. Wailack gave out the piece for repetition, but the house would not be satisfied without afterwards making Power walk before the cur tain from one end of the stage to the other. A fire bro7:e oat on Sunday night on the farm of Mr. Mills, of Lon! , MeWord.' Nearly all the stacks, chiefly cons:sting of wheat, are reported to be destroyed. The hoes; was saved. From what has transpired,. there is but too mu74l reason to fear that the fire was the work of an in cend:ary. The property is insured in the Suffolk Fire-office. —Bury Paper. At a recent meeting of the Architectural Soeatty a paper was read, containingille results of expe.-I:n:mts made by Mr. G. Rennie on the comparative .streng-ih of storre generally used for flooring. It appears a slab of Welsh slate,. One inch thick, is equ in strength to a piece of Yorkshire stone six inches, or of the Caithness (Scotland) or Va!enti.). (Ireland) of:two inches in thickness. TO THE EDI 7 ()I? OF THE SUN. SlR—Edmund Burke has somewhere remarked, that " there is a limit at which forbearance ceases to be a virtue ...that men may tolerate injuries whilst they are only per sonal to themselves ; but that it is not the first cf virtues to bear with moderation the indignities that are offered to our country." Applying- these sentanews to the illiberal expulsion of Mr. Sheriff Salomons the aldermani: gown, you will, perhaps, allow the to drier a few observa tions on the barrier which is still apparent between Jew and Christian, with reference to the religious tenets of !loth. 7o not, however, seek to occupy the columns of your Jour nal to any extent en the present occasion, nor indeed at any time when the subject-matter has not utility for its ob ject, and information for its end. It is not my province, nor is it my wish or intention, t‘: enter for one moment into that awful theologieJ contro versy, by which the " pecnliar Peeplc" have for so man years been branded as a " stilr-neelzed and rebellious race:" My present purpose is merely an attempt to draw a nar rower line of demarcation between the two sects, than commonly admitted by a comparison of the moral conTU,:,t, of both, and by showing on what fouedation that diarenee rests, and to deny, because God of his infinite wisdom has condemned the people in : question, that we, imyessiag Christianity, are, by virtue of our ft t,, cntitkd to yoke them as slaves, by excluding them from all participation in civil liberty. In obedience to the dictates of Scripture, it is the duty of true Christians to be ever mindful, that they are loudly called upon to make this argument still more clear, these positions still less questionable ; for we are everywhere commanded to be tender and sympath f.tic, diligent and useful—and it is the character of that " wisdom from above," in which we are to be proficients, that it is gentle and easy- to be entreated, " full of mercy and good fruits." In the language of Scridture, Christianity is not a geo graphical, but a moral term ;itis a condition—a state—. the possession of a peculiar nature, with the qualities and properties which belong to it. I would ask, then, what is the nature of these qualities and properties,.bnt tenderness and sympathy, and all the finer feelings which can possibly perVade the human breast. Do we, therefore, exercise them towards our Hebrew brethren ? Are we merciful to them, as a proscribed people ? or is the conduct we mani fest towards them rather calculated to defeat in their ope ration these very qualities and properties? We profess Christianity, but forget to act up to its principles. They are to be Christians, and in the mean time a large minority of that sect, are to themselves, and to us, under all their disadvantages what we ought to be as Christians to all mankind. We believe that ac was the Saviour— they, on the other baud, are as convinced that the Messiah is to come. This difference in the interpretation of the Greek word I have quoted, and its associations have been so forcibly urged by a writer in a morning contemporary, that it is unnecessary for me to enlarge upon it. " He censures God, who quarrels with the imperfections of man," and I am sure, Sir, if so ferocious and monstrous a dispo aition again appears in the " first city of the world," you will, for one, take care, that the horrid and un-Christian gratification shall not endure ; for you 1611 neither admi nister to their spleen, nor gratify their malice ; you will, recollect the rights of suffering humanity, as well as the duties of your public office. It is the cause of our country —it is the cause of every Christian individual basking in the sunshine of his peculiar natur e . I n conc l us i on , Sir, viewing this subject as a sentiment, if I ma y s o expr ess myself, between man and his Maker, and ourselves as the chosen instruments for working out the means of salvation, by teaching the Gospel, the pure faith of Christianity, to all mankind—by propagating the truths of religion to the heathen, I would ask fearlessly, regardless of contradic tion, whether we should not better peiform the solemn duty thus imposed upon us to our Jewish brethren,-by hold ing out to them the hand of fellowship, and endeavour to soften the asperity of their unbelief by offices of good works. Kindness has a tendency to tame the savage, and oppression . to exasperate his nature. In a commercial point of view it would surely be our policy—as a Christian precept it is our bounden duty. I cannot convey to you, Sir, my feelings upon this sub ject ; perhaps it is better I should not ; but I hope at least that the trifling observations I have made will not have the dreadful and (to me) intolerable effect of turning aside from my Hebrew brethren that mercy which they have long solicited at Christian hands, and which I trust they will be found ultimately to deserve ; and that you, as well as the Liberal portion of the Press of this and other countries, will continue to mediate between them and their fate, is the sincere and ardent wish of Your Friend and Reader, Gray's Inn, Dec. 9. ASPIRO. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. (COPY.) SIR,—In giving our verdict upon the Inquest of the body of Sarah Porter, we did not intend that any stigma should attach to Morison's Pills, as the deceased had been for four .days prior to her death treated with other medicines, and that our verdict applied generally to the medicines ad ministered. JOHN LOVELAU—Foren - on. Thon:::s I). Main. Samuel Lane. Archibald Currie. H. Chivcrton. James Mee. John Eveleigh. Thomas Pavn. George Allwright. Henry Parratt. Joseph Seaman. Thomas Brown. John Brown. London, Dec. 7, 1835. MUNICIPAL CORPTOICATIONS. A fourth supplement to the London Gazelle of Friday last, published yesterday, approval of the division of the following boroughs into wards, with the boundaries made by the Revising-barristers, pursuant to the Municipal Cor poration Reform Act. BOROUGHS. WARDS. COUNCILT.ORIi. New Wirdsor Vv'isbnch Great Yarmouth In the following boroughs the division and assignment made by the Revising-barristers appearing to be in certain particulars objectionable, the same are disapproved of ; namely, Bristol, Bury St. Edmunds, Cardiff, Carnarvon, Chichester, Deal, Devizes, Doncaster, Dover, Durham, Gateshead, Kingston-upon-Hull, Kirbl-Kendal, Lancaster, and Leicester. A clntinuation of orders under the provi sions of the Municipal Corporation Act, will be published in future supplements. SUBSTITUTE FOR STEAM. The following letter of Mr. Galt to the Glasgow Herald, refers to that gentleman's discovery : Sia,—Since childhood, gathering gowans on the banks of the gotts or ditches of the meadows of Irvine, about fifty years ago, I have been instinctively an observer of hydrostatic effects, and this predilection has led me to an important discovery. Be assured, Sir, I take no more merit s han the cock which scraped up the precious stone from the dunghill. It is a sub stitute for steam, arising from the incompressibility of water. Bramah's press demonstrates that by reiterated pressure "by little and little," vast effects may be produced. It sug gested to me that by continued pressure I should obtain simi lar results ; and I have done it in this way : It is quite clear that if water be for all practical purposes incompressible, it must follow that a strong box filled with it will be equivalent to a solid. Now, if in such a box there be a moveable wheel, before any water is let in, when water is let in by a pipe, that wheel will be set in motion, and so continue, if the water continue to flow out by another pipe. If, there-• fore, the water flow in a constant stream by a pipe of a certain size, and flow out by another pipe of a smaller size, the water by the larger pipe will act with pressure on the water in the box, that water having only an outlet by the smaller pipe, and thus keep the wheel in constant motion at the rate the water is driven out of the smaller pipe. The desideratum, then, is a constant stream from a dam for the close mill-lade, as the pipe may he called which takes the water in. _ Sir, I propose the ocean for my mill-dam. It is clear that if you can, by a pipe in the bottom of a vessel, conduct the water of the ocean into the box in her bold with the wheel, and out of the box into a reservoir lower in the vessel than the surface of the sea, you will acquire a pressure-power to set the wheel 3.-going, I:m:ted only by the weight of the whole atmo sphere of the earth, and the treight of the ocean above the level of the box. But, Sir, this course of the water into the box, end thence into the vessel, would, however small, in time sink her, unless a mode were contrived to discharge the water issuing from the box back into the sea. By my pressure—syphon this can be effected in a constant stream ; but a common hand-pump, in a small cistern, would be sufficient ; arid a simple, cock on the pipe which lets in the water from the Ocean, or exterior, will at any time serve to .stop the w heel, which will go again on opening the cock rice versa. The wheel, may be so constructed as a moving power as to set paddles a-goiog. This is the whole of my discovery. Few men have had it in their power to communicate to the public that a stone so precious has by mere scraping been brought to light ; anti I say at this moment, with an awful feeling, that I have not been sent into the world in vain, nor been so afflicted wi!hout a compensation ; for unless I had been confined to my scat, and often lonely enough in my study, I could not have had this cause to acknowledge the mercy of Almighty God. I remain, your most obedient Servant, JOHN GALT. A foolish pli...ter at - Lewes, after printing a hook, ;aid a day or two ago that i.e had now finished the best work that England ever produced, and he would immediately en ;age himself on another work equally good, by going to tight for DOn Carlos. Accordingly he prepared himself for the undertakin g , purchased a copy of the worlt, which he mid he wooed present upon his arrival to the l:githuatc Sovereign of Spain, last week enrolled himself in the cause It Portsmouth, and in a few days leaves England for the seat of ivar, there perhaps to conTose a line of glory, and be locked up in the force of death on his coffin. CORN LAWS. The noble author of the second address to the Landowners of England exposes with great clearness the injustice and impolicy of the Corn Laws, which he proves by a reference to facts, to have eniirely failed in securing the objects which the landlords who framed them had in view—namely, the raising of prices, and the keeping up of rents as the consequence. He also shows in a manner that even a country gen tleman may understand, the beneficial influence which a low price of corn has upon the industry of the country at large. But perhaps the part of the Noble Lard's argument which will come most home to the bosoms of the landowners, is that in which he points out the advantage which they themselves would derive from cheap bread. Self interest is a powerful and pretty general motive of action, and to do the land lords justice, they have not been behind their neigh_ . bours in affording illustrations of its efficacy. Let us see then how Lord FITZWILLIA - M appeals to the selfish principle " Your expenditure, as I have formerly taken the liberty of suggesting to you, is more extensively and more distinctly re solvable into the wages of labour and the price of corn, than the expenditure of any other section of the community. A landed gentleman of any given income (be it 5,0001. or 20,000/. per annum), devotes a much larger ploeortion of it to objects, the cost of w hich is directly influenced 'by that of corn, than a person of the same income in any other class of society. You are probably aware of this ; but, if you have any doubt of it, just turn your thoughts to your own habits, and compare them with those of oth er an d diff erent classes. Consider the estab lishment of a country gentleman ; • you will find that bread, meat, beer, the keep of horses, of dogs, the wages of labourers, the purchase of timber, and other materials for building, and improvements upon land, whether in contemplation of amuse ment or of profit, consume a comparatively large portion of his resources, while a comparatively small one is devoted to the purchase of articles less affected in their cost by the price of corn s such as foreign and expensive wines, splendid fur niture, rare and costly books, prints, statues, picture?. Turn again, to the establishment of a gentleman of equal fortune, but not derived from land, whose residence may be either in the metropolis, or at a villa in its outskirts; you will find something totally different, and the amount of the heads of expenditure absolutely reversed. You will find compara tively few servants, few horses, few, perhaps no, labourers, little or nothing of that sort of hospitality which prevails, and must prevail, more or less, in every country establish ment. As expenders of income, therefore, the landed gen tlemen would be more benefited by a reduction in the price of provisions, especially of grain, than the other classes of equal fortune. You would thus receive compensation to a very con siderable extent for the diminution of income which it might occasion. I have here been admitting that we should expe rience a diminution of income, and I believe that we should, though, at the same time, it cannot be denied, that, even in our character of receivers, we should derive some compensation from circumstances to which I have previously alluded. If a reduction in the price of flour leads to an increased consump tion of meat, an immediate compensation is made for the fall in the value of corn by a rise in that of cattle; or by what is, perhaps, quite ns advantageous, a readier sale for it. It may not be a full compensation, but it will be a very considerable one ; and, as far as it does go, it will be without drawback or alloy. This, however, is not the only mode in which compen sation will be made to the lauded and to the agricultural inte rests for any fall in price which might be occasioned by adopt ing a freer system of commerce in foreign grain. This is an argunzentuin ad crumenam, which we think the landlords cannot—which we are sure they ought not—to slight. Of the same kind—equally just and equally well put—is the following argument on the effect of a high price of corn on the poor's rates. The landholders have always urged the burden of the poor's rates on the land as a reason for enhancing the price of corn. What says Lord FITZWILLIAM, one of the greatest landholders in England, to this doctrine ? " The pressure of the poor's-rates varies directly with the price of corn ; and if you examine the Parliamentary Re turns, you will find that a high price of corn is immediately followed by an increase in these rates. The effect is not • exactly contemporaneous—it is the swell which rather follows than accompanies the storm. Now, if there be any reason (and to a certain extent I admit that there is, though it is much exaggerated) in the complaint of the landowner, that he has been extravagantly and unjustly burdened by the poor's_ rate, it follows that, this point of view, the landowner is, above all other men, interested in having corn at a low price. I am perfectly well aware that some of our achocates put for ward the poor's-rate as one of the grounds for the Corn Laws. These persons either have not considered the subject, cr they are most inconsequential arguers. The poor's-rate has ope rated eery unequally upon parishes. We- find it 2s. in the pound in one parish, and 10s. in another, or it may vary from Is. 61 per acre in one parish, to 12s. in another. In the first of these cases, the parish has, certainly, no right to com plain, or plead its burdens, and we may dismiss it at once from our thoughts. In the second, no doubt, it is very heavily burdened, and has ample ground for complaint. Let us in quire into its circumstances, and into the oil iets likely to be produced upon it by any given variation in the price of corn. Whorever a parish has been heavily burdened with poor's rates, it may be presumed that a considerable portion of the rate has been applied to the relief of able-bodied men. Now this must arise either from mismanagement, or from a surplus and unetoployed population, or from a combination of these two causes. The last, as a mixed case, may be passed over. The first case, viz., the - mismanaged parish, has not, strictly speaking, any right to plead its burdens, because no party has a right to plead his own laches in an issue to be tried with a third and unoffending, party ; but if we allow such Pirisliio go into court and plead its burden, is it not obvious that the rate will vary directly with the price of flour ? It is perfectly well known that the price of corn or flour is the basis upon which the calculations for relief are made, and consequently a varia tion of ten, thirty, or fifty per cent. in the price of corn, will occasion a corresponding variation in the amount of the rates. This is remarkably exemplified by the vacillations in the pow's rate for Sussex in the years 1316, 17, 18, and 19. The mis managed parish, therefore, which is not over-peopled, has, as far as the poor's-rate is concerned, an obvious interest, in having corn cheap. The only remaining case is that of the parish with en unemployed population. Let such parish he entirely agricultural ; let its population be 1,000 ; let the unemployed labourers amount to 30, or, at 5 to a family, to a population of 150 ; let the allowance be 10s. a week to each family, making an annual charge of 780/. Nf,W, those persons who maintain that the poor's-rate in this ir.- stance (and if it does not in this, it can in none) affords an argument in favour of the Corn Laws, must advance one of the two following hypotheses : They must either sup pose that the Corn Laws will raise the price of corn and the rent of land, and thereby enable the landowner to bear with greater facility this burden of 780 e per annum ; or they must suppose that a rise in the price of corn will oc casion the eniploynn.nt of these thirty labourers. The ini quity of proceeding upon the former of these hypotheses is too glaring to allow me to believe that there are many of us who think it a sufficient reason for upholding the price of corn. The latter, therefore, affords the only tenable argument ; and I shall new proceed to examine how far it is reasonable to hcpe that a demand for labour, so enlarged as to absorb the superfluous supply, will ensue upon a rise in the price of corn. If the parish consists of arable land, and is in cultivation, with the rents paid up, reason Seems to point out that the occupiers already manage it in a manner profitable both to themselves and to the owners. It may consist of 4,000 acres, and the population of 1,000 may lie thus distributed, viz., 100 young farmers and non-agricultural inhabitants, 750 among employed labourers, and the remaining 150 among unemployed labour ers. In this case, taking 5 persons to a family, the employ ment of the labourers will be at the rate of 1 to :26; acres, a quantity of labour to which it is not probable that, in many instances, any profitable addition can be made. In this case, the regular payment of the rent (which is assumed as one of the conditions) affords a presumption that the land is properly cultivated, and therefore that there can be no increased de mand far labour. Let us, 'therefore, vary this condition, and assume that the rent has not been paid, but that the tenants are in arrear. The arrear of tenantry (I am speaking of a number of tenants, not of an individual') evil only arise from the circumstance toe rent and the value of the produce riot bearing a due proportion to each other. Assuming the rent to be any given sunn and to have been accurately calculated at the peried of its - being fixed, the disturbance of the balance roust have arisen either from the value or the quantity of the produce liming fallen off. If the value of the produce has fallen off, it is obvioui that a deficiency in the employment of labourers cannot be inferred, and that the way to restore the balance is te reduce the rent. If the queetity has fallen off, . it may be inferred that the land is not equally well cultivated, and that the non-employment of the labourers is the cause thereof. Let us now see what cen have been the inducement to a farmer to diminish the labour he bestows upon the land, and, consequently, the quantity o f hi s p ro d uce . N eces sity, it may be said. It may be said that he diminishes the labour because lae alioril t o pq for it. But if his circumstances make it. necessary that be F hould diminish his expenditure, why should he diminish it in labour which is productive, rather than in some other item which is not productive ? Among the non productive items are rent and taxes. Why, then, should be not diminish either the rent or the taxes instead of the labour ? The answer is that, in the one case, the Government, in the other, the landlord, will not consent. We are thus brought to the conclusion that, even in the case of the quantity of the produce havieg fallen off, its diminution is to be traced to an excess either of taxation or of rent. Assarah:g, then (though I do not admit it), that taxation cannot be reduced, it is found that the excess of rent obliges the tenant to economise by a redo, thou of labour, and that tl:e redaction of labour leads to a • dimieutien of produce. • We are sorry we have not space for more extracts from this admirable little pamphlet. We cannot tot. strongly recommend. it to every one who swishes thoroughly to understand the question of she orn Laws, and at the same time to spare himself trouble of much reading. To the landowner ancl the farmer it is truly an invaluable manual. ..-;!, rf, ; PimvftmW • . • .~ , ~s