The Sun. — London, England, 1848-10-23 00:00:00

it was imagined some mistake had occurred at Perth, and the s ecretary was immediately communicated with, and the sorroetingniejeciamstances which compelled her Grace's attendance at Castle,.Hesvard. The train was delayed for a short 'time, in °id& ~to hevh . si final answer from the secretary; but the reply was,' XdPtlre rules of the company could not be departed from. The mail train started with the empty coaches, besides the necessary mail carriage, leaving the Duchess standing upon the platform actually crying. Nothing was left but to post onwards. She hired a steamer and crossed the ferry on to Edinburgh, which occupied the whole . day. By the time her Grace reached Castle Howard the Earl of Carlisle was no more. Her Majesty recently travelled to London on a Sabbath morning, and that fact, so vividly in our remembrance, leads us to presume that her Majesty cannot fail to be indignant at the treat 'tent her Mistress of the Robes has received at the hands of the majority of the Scottish Central Railway directors." So that the " Sabbath" is an unfit day for a daughter to visit her dying father! Ah! by the by, we perceive from the wording of the reply given to her Grace's heart-breaking entreaties, that no excep tion is allowed to the rule by which the company have forbidden themselves (for undoubtedly our Lord never forbade them) to carry passengers on a Sunday. Suppose, then, it had been not the Duchess, but the Earl of Carlisle's physician, who wished to be carried forward on that occasion, what then ? "That is no af fair of ours, doctor—this is the Sabbath, and therefore the Earl must be left to die ; we can send him no medi cal aid on a Sunday." Now, what says our Divine Re deemer to all this very ancient and very damnable cant? (M a tthew, xii., 10, 11. 12.) "But he said unto them, what man shall there be among you that shall have one sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the Sabbath day will he not lay hold on it and lift it out ? How much then is a man better than a sheep ? Wherefore, it is lawful to do well on the Sabbath days." Now, come forth with your railway Christianity, most holy Scottish Central Railway Company —come forth with your fore heads of brass, and if you dare, gainsay her e i n y our justification the very words of that Divine Teacher on whom you are blasphemous enough to throw the blame of your execrable, unnatural, and monstrous prin ciples. "It is lawful to do well on the Sabbath days.' But perhaps it is not "doing well" for a daughter to visit a dying father? Ah! that, undoubtedly, is the point on which these men rely for their excuse. And, again, we cannot work on the Sabbath; therefore it is lawful for the stokers, engineers, and firemen to work the engines and draw the carriages on that day, but unlawful for a lady to sit in one of those carriages and to rest while she is passively borne along. Exactly so: the prohibi tion against work forbids rest. The cook, for example, may labour at the cooking of the dinner, but it is upsab• batical to eat it. Brazen and daring hypocrisy—fit shield for the black and brutish hearts to wheat it is due —that we may now with truth apply to Lord Carlisle more bitterly even than Tacitus used them of Agricola, those mournful words:—" Paucioribus lacrymis compo situ.; es ; et novissima to lute, desideravere aliquid oculi tui." Indeed the paganism and tyranny of Domitian corebined, were preferable to such Christianity and such humanity as those of these thorough Pharisees—these unblushing and flsgitious hypocrites. High time, in. deed, it were, as we have already said, to take from these equally ridiculous and execrable impostors the ma nagement of what ought to be a great public convenience; but in their hands is such a trouble, such an offence, such a scandal, and such a stumbling-block. CEIRONICLE.—The arrangement which we have an. nounced to be in contemplation, for consolidating into a single body the North- Western,GreatWestern,and South- Western Railway Companies, is one, the importance of which it is not easy to appreciate, without an extensive and accurate sarvey!of the vast mad complicated interests which such a measure involves. That the first announce ment of the scheme should be startling, to some minds, is no more than might be expected; and that an outcry of "monopoly" may be raised, by those who adopt a hasty and superficial impression of it, is by no means im probable. But, if we mistake not, the plan is one which ought to be, and which will be. regarded, by more con siderate minds, under a very different aspect from that which it might have presented a year or two ago. Within the space of the last few months, some new lights have dawned upon the public, not only with re spect to the value and character of railway property, but also as to the effect which its depreciation, if not promptly arrested, must have upon the accommoda tion of those who now reap the advantages of the system. That the shareholders will content edly see themselves ruined for the benefit of those who travel by their lines—that they will go on providing the same facilities, the same frequency of trains, the same moderate charges and high rates of speed, while their dividends are dwindling, and their property falling lower and lower in the market—is a supposition which few will be so fond as to entertain. The liberal accommodation which, in all these respects, has hitherto been afforded to the public, has been un doubtedly based upon confidence in that high state of prosperity of which, until lately, it seemed not irrational to presume the continuance. But the tide has turned. We do not now enter into the causes, which will furnish matter for a future inquiry ; we only specify the fact. The tide has turned ; and the high and buoyant confi dence which, two years ago, discerned in the success of the past nothing but promises of the future, has given place to a distrust which it seems impossible, considering its chronic character, any longer to attribute to mere pa nic. The shareholders inevitably incur the first brunt of the shock ; but it is evident that there can only be a short interval before its effects will begin to re-act upon the public. Already, the symptoms of contraction are apparent; rumours (well or ill-founded) begin to be heard, of increased fares, a reduced number of trains, and a strict retrenchment of all those superfluities of luxury and comfort, which have hitherto made railway travel ling in England the beau ideal of locomotion. It will be very easy co grumble at directors, and to arraign the parsimony of the reformed management. When these measures have been carried into effect, it may be possible to get up an agitation through the press, or even in Par liament, against the demands or retractations of the companies; but perhaps it may not be quite so easy to answer the argument with which such complaints will be met—that the shareholder is justly entitled to a fair return for his investment, and that hi has a right to indemnify himself against the diminution of his profits, by a proportionate enhancement of tee price. Such considerations as these will not, we think, be found irrelevant to a just estimate of the parti cular measure which we have now under review. If economy of management, unity of purpose, and an immu nity from those disasters which unlimited competition has hitherto produced, can be secured by amalgamation —and it seems difficult to contend that they will not— who may claim the right to interfere ? If the contract ing parties are willing to be united, who is to forbid the banns? The objection can only be raised in the name and on the behalf of the public ; and we hold that there is so far an identity of interest between the holders of railway property and the rest of the community, that the loss of the one must :speedily operate to the preju dice of the other. The public are, in fact, far less concerned in maintaining the name of competition—which, so long as it is fur the advantage of the parties to combine, can never be anything but a semblance, " magni nominis urn bra"--than in the adoption of immediate and vigorous measures for staying the wreck of that interest in whose well-being and stability their own comfort and tceommodation are deeply involved. That the arrange ment now contemplated is a bold and comprehensive one is rather a presumption in its favour than the reverse, to those who thoroughly appreci ate th e present critical position of railway affairs—a predicament which affords no promise of a useful result from any half measures, and which is altogether beyond the reach of feeble pal liatives Until we are informed more specifically of the terms and conditions of this great confederation, and of the securities under which it is proposed to obtain for it the sanction of Parliament, it would be rash to pro nounce a confident judgment upon its merits; but the considerations which we have now suggested may be useful in bespeaking for the project a dispassionate re ception, and in disarming some portion of that short sighted and prejudiced invective which may be raised against it upon its first promulgation. 1 - IERALD.—The events that have occurred on the Continent of Europe during tha past eight months, and which aro daily occurring, ought to teach the wisest humility, and the most travelled and the best-informed among our contemporaries the decorum of a little modesty—and the tact even of even a temporary and occasional silence. But the Ministerial print, true to its pristine character, is not to be abashed or discomfited or kept in check. Though our contemporary has any day for th© last eight months committed the most mon strous blunders in reference to France— though not three months ago he proclamed that General Cavaignao was under the guidance of little M. Thiers, and sure to take, within a little month, that politician into his councils—though, day by day, and every day since,, blunders as egregious have been perpetrated in refer ence to Italy, to France, and to Germany —yet not even the ridicule of juvenile rivals, or the laughter of the Exchange, can stop the pen of our contemporary, or stay him in the career of his erratic humour. If these were the prancings and curvettings of a young steed, full of fire, blood, and mettle, we could pardon the capers ings of a colt, as yet imperfectly broken in. But no: it is plain we have to deal with a heavy old pack-horse, who fancies, notwithstanding his lumbering gait, he is like the steed of Sir Pertinax, "Fit for the road, the race, the course." All ground is , equal to him. It matters not whether he ambles on the sandy soil of Prussia—the heavy clay lands of Austria—or the defiles of Hungary, Bohemia, or the Rhetian Alps He is equally at home—that is to say, equally abroad in each and all of these latitudes. To drop metaphor—our Ministerial contemporary has in every oracular speculation of the last eight months been mistaken, and all his wise saws in reverence to the Eu ropean Continent have been airy nothings,nursed in the " Privy Council Office" of his own brain—he best knows why, and cares most wherefore. Most other persons of any modesty in Europe, with the benefit of k n owl e d ge , and with every aid and appliance to judgment, confess themselves puzzled and amazed by the cuurse of conti nental events. But the self-assured and unabashed Times alone is enabled to fathom destiny, and to reveal to Em perors and nations their respective fates. In the begin ning of last week, for instance, we were to have the Croatian cavalry bivouacked in the Stephens-Platz at Vienna—the horses of their officers stabled in the cathedral —about the middle of the week the city itself was to be bombarded—and towards the conclusion of the week a 80. beroian Congress again was to set all to rights. But though none of these things have come to pass just as predicted, yet oar contemporary contentedly goes on and on perorating day after day as though he were a true pro- phet and Lather to a line of seers who sea deeply and learnedly into the future. No knowledge of the country or its history, or the diverse races of which the -Austrian empire is composed—no study of its administrative, ,financial, or diplomatical system, is now considered in the least necessary, it appears by Ministerial news writers: To them it suffices to say a thing boldly, posi- THE STIN, __ LONDON, columns of most of eur metropolitan contemporaries. It contains some excellent suggestions. If they are promptly adopted by boards of direction, we shall soon see a decided improvement in the market price of all the better class of railway stock. We are enabled to state, though the fact is not generally known, that a great movement is now organizing in Glasgow and the west of Scotland, with the view of restoring railway property to its proper place as one of the marketable securities of the day. The movement has originated with the direc tors of the Glasgow, Ayr, and Kilmarnock Company, who are to set a good example to all the other Scotch companies, by publishing a most minute account of the position of their own company's affairs. All the Scotch companies will go and do likewise. The Chairman of the North British, at the meeting of Wednesday, inti mated that he and his brother directors would lose no time in, laying before the shareholders the real state of matters. " It is," says that gentleman, • " -the intention of the directors imme diately to lay before the company a detailed .printed statement of all their affairs, not only of their debts and obligations, but a vidinuis of what the line would cost ultimately when all was , completed :' they would thus know the state of matters•lully. ' This an nouncement was received with loud applause. It afforded the highest gratification. Let all other chairmen make a similar intimation to the shareholders of their respec tive companies, and we shall, :before many weeks have elapsed, see the - railway property of the country in a very different position from that: in which it is now placed. We liad written thus far when we received a statement put forth by the chairman and directors of the Brightoturailway. It is a very clear and most satisfac tory document. It shows at a glance the present posi tionixad future prospects of the company, and scatters to ,tbe-tvinds all the misrepresentations which have been so , eurrent of late regarding the affairs of the line. We have no doubt that the other leading companies will be able to present their shareholders with equally satisfac tory statements of their position and prospects. Let them lose no time in doing it. A simultaneous publication of the actual state of matters cannot' fail to prove bonefi cial, in the highest degree, to railway property ge nerally. ON THE POSITION OF PUBLIC WRITERS. (From the Weekly Dispatch.) Mr. Editor,—By public writers, I mean writers for the 'public; that is to say, journalists, writers for news papers, who may themselves, in some cases, be private enough, but whose lueubrations enjoy, by means of ,the vehicle which conveys them, access to the widest sphere of publicity. This class has been lately assailed by Lord Brougham, and defended by the Times. If the attack be damaging, the defence is much more so. As some times happens in a court of law, the Counsel on both sides concur in the sacrifice of the client. Lord Brougham thinks the anonymous should not be allowed, because it tends to political insubordination; and the Times replies that the anonymous should be encouraged, because it tends to political submission. Lord Brougham says, that the London papers made the French revolts-, tion. The Times says, that the London papers have prevented an English revolution. Such are the alleged facts. Now for the philosophy. The connexion of cause and effect is thus traced by the leading, journal, whose theory seems to be that the best leading consists _in following:—" In London, jour nalism is an anonymous reflex of public opinion. In Paris, it is the open warfare of political champions. The former is still loyal and happy. The latter is revo lutionized and plunged into the lowest d-pths of misery. Even a child will point at the conclusion.' A child may, perhaps; though it, must be a very silly little child to . point at the non sequitur suggested by the writer. Known or unknown; it was not the writing classes, but the working classes, that made the last French revolution. It was the toiling and the starving people. The press showed no previ ous an ti- monarc hi ca l symptoms. Louis Philippe had conquered the press. In the revolution of 1830, newspapers did something ; as books had done something towards the first revolution. But the present year opened upon a comparatively tamed and harmless press in Paris. The "Political Champions" that wage warfare" with their journals, were quieted into a decorous or constitutional opposition, as that of the British House of Commons. Their aim was not to expel a dynasty, but to eat a dinner. There was a wide step between the banquet of reform and the bar ricades of revolution. It was the misery of the work people which leaped the gulf between, and pushed over the lagging "Champions." The same thing would have happened had the whole press of France been as anony mous as that of London, and its secrets as impenetrable as the adyturu of the Times. That many persons con nected with newspapers were speedily inducted into office is certainly the fact.. But why ? Not because they were the authors of the revolution, but because they had evinced, or were thought to have evinced, in the discharge of their functions, the political knowledge, principles, and aptitude which qualify for office. In France, it should be remembered, that talent qualifies 'or a office, clever j man,ust asti a tl a w ed e oe l s ook in Eount foraLord. Both to England. They look out for Lord Brougham and the Times, this may seem very censurable ; but such is the " reflex of public opinion " there, and people will have their way, especially on the morning after a revolution. So ,the public writers of France marched into place—greatly shocking our con tending philosophers, one of whom opines that Eng lish journalists ought to be very insignificant, and the ,other that they actually are very insignificant, although they cannot settle amicably whether this be, or be not, attributable to the practice of anonymous writing. The great reason for the peculiar prevalence of ano nymous newspaper writing is not political, but commer cial. A newspaper implies a capitalist. Not in any nation on the face of the earth is that necessity so stringent as with us. Capital, somewhere, is the condi tion of anybody's writing for real publicity. Without that, the most accomplished politician in the land can only make the press a medium of confidential communi cations-with a select circle. Now, the capitalist does not exist for the sake of the writer. He does not com mit ..his hard cash to the perils of the mighty deep of newspaper speculation in order that some ready writer way scribble himself into office, like a Parisian sub editor. He wants. the writer's help, and be pays for it accordingly. Suppose the writer to have a name so bril liant as to ensure success, the capitalist would be as ready to pay him for writing avowedly, as he now is to pay him for writing anonymously. But this can scarcely happen with a newspaper, because its success requires many other things besides original writing, and for which the most brilliant writing in the world would be no sufficient substitute. Besides, names of the supposed degree of celebrity fetch too high a price in the market. I wonder what Sir Walter Scott would have asked for his name as a stated contributor to any newss paper. Certainly much more than it could eventually have been worth to any newspaper. They can get better served by men who have names to make; aye, and bread to earn. And for such men, the resource i s not to be disdai ne d. Th e y h ave none f the chances of the French journalist, who yet may start his paper without any of the English necessity for cash in his coffers. The English writer must work for the capi talist ; and so he works anonymously. Nor is the case materially altered when the writer has independent means of subsistence, and writes solely for the promul gation of his principles. He will be expected, if a regular contributor, and only so can he be efficient, to conform with the custom. His access to the public is contingent upon the permission of the capitalist, who is entitled, therefore, to prescribe the conditions. The extent to which the Money Power is recognised, not only in English society, but in English law and taxation, is the real reason why anonymous political writing is, old will continue to be the rule, in English newspapers. The evils need scarcely be enumerated. They have become common-places for the debating societies of me chanics' institutions. There is the absence of restraint and responsibility. The writer is free from the common courtesies of civilised life. He may take the positive side of a question in one journal, and the negative in an other. lie may denounce his own articles in his place in Parliament. He may publish pamphlets against anonymous writing, after having worked for his purposes every paper in London that would admit his contribu tions. Ile may teaze and worry a Ministry till they give him a place, and then exchange ,the use of the cudgel for the application of the plaister. He may cover with contempt an infant cause when it most needs help; and, by a late adhesion, when it is on the eve of success, arrogate the merit of the victory. He may pamper the public appetite for scandal, private or political; and run the risk of embroiling his country with all who are its natural allies abroad, just to gratify the antipathies of an aristocratical, or to serve the interests of a stock jobbing clique. All this, and more, he may do, the re cital of which I spare your seeders. But then, argues Lord Brougham, look at the oppo s it e mischiefs; how m an y more in the House of Commons, spoke or voted wrong, because they were afraid of Cob hetes Register. And what had the name to do with it? Quite as many, and far more, have spoken or voted wrong, for fear of the Times; Punch, too, is a power in such matters; but Punch is only half anonymous, and lets fly at the mark, which he is sure to hit, with little care for the mask which he se loosely wears. In the present state of English law, custom, and con ventionalism, the anonymous is inevitable. Three of the worst consequences may, however, be much miti gated; these are, the total absence of responsibility, the total subserviency of what is termed public opinion, and the low position to which the writing class is assigned. The total absence of responsibility, so as to render any care for consistency superfluous, may be lessened in various ways. The plan of appending writers' names to their articles was tried some years since in Talpy's Review, seemingly a more favourable publication for the experiment than a newspaper; but it was soon found that the warfare of critics and authors tended towards that san guinary form which the contributions of known editors has assumed in France. The London Review adopted a middle course, which professedly continues in the West minster—that of requiring the same signature to articles from the same hand. In this way, the production of its ablest writer, the most philosophical of logicians and po litical economists, have often been identified in news papers and other periodicals; and always with satisfac tion to the readers. Your plan, Sir, in some degree varies from this, but is attended with similar advantages. Your historical commentator, your " Caustic," " Censorius," and " Publicola," are almost as much bound by their opi nions and professions, as if they wrote in their own bap tismal names. Th ey reta i n eac h t h e i r separate identity. T r h rt e hc y„s cannot eat, their last week's words w i t h i mpun i ty; turn tyi eabout, they a andme merely wheel n a o b u o y u m t , anonymous s d jump slaves of J im capital. Crow„ Their individ ua li ty is not merged, even in that unity, or rather that degree of sympathy and concurrence, which it is your editorial business to sustain the journal under your direction. Some such plan as this would afford the best approximation which circumstances admit of, to wards a moral security for consistency. This is better than sinking into what the 7 ivies ap pears to relard as th e naturkl and fitting: condition of an English neivipiper;viz.; being' an anonymous, reflex . MON DAY of public opinion." Such may be the base ideal of a mere trader; but it implies a lamentable dereliction of the sense of public duty and responsibility; or even of the ambition which is the next best stimulus of a public writer. Let the drama "holds the mirror up to nature;" it is very different when the teacher holds the mirror up to prejudice. And who are the public for whom jour nalism condescends to become a mere " reflex?" Not the great national mind, our country's genius, embodied in its immortal literature. Not the purest and most en lightened spirits of the present day, not the millions, with their throbbing hearts and seething brains, that pro perly constitute the people, the real public. No, only that class which can afford, either in luxury and curio sity, or for the purposes of pecuniary gain and commer cial speculation, to buy a daily newspaper. These mate rials, and these only—limited, prejudiced—sordid--form the image to be refl ec t e d b y j ourna li sm. A n d so i t w i ll be, with no small portion of our newspapers, until the work of honest and independent journalism is appre ciated by the people at large, and that appreciation evinced by proportionate support. Men of mind have too readily submitted to be tools ; and they reap their reward. Name them, and hold the rod over them, says the partisan Peer; keep them name less, and make them simply a nflexion of what others think (or think they think), says the great Daily News paper. Thus the fittest training for political knowledge and aptitude is only a road that leads to contempt. A vacant office makes the Minister run over the list of un paid Lords in his family or party connexion. The news paper fellow may serve him as n clerk, perhaps,*and be allowed to drudge through the work without emolument or honour. In this there is a certain amount of public aequiesence. It is not censured by reflective journalism. It is the upper class interest and the middle class syco phancy, not without a leaven of lower class prejudice. Writers must learn more of that self-respect which their position tends so strongly to keep down; and the people must get wise enough to see that only able and;respon sible servants in public offices can save them from pecu lation, plunder, and blunders ; and just enough to insist that, from whatsoever class they come, the qualified labourer shall, exclusively and fully, reap the recom pense of his toils. PUBLICOLA. i b t i u v t e I y m , e a n t r i i k o n i n g gly a , c c o u ff s - t h o m a n e d d e d l t y o , G o e r r a m c u a I n a rl r y u , l e n o a n d matter i how silly or unsupported the thing said. Yet, if 'ever there were a question to puzzle the wisest and best-in formed men not merely strangers anal foreigners - acquainted with the Austrian Chancery, it is this Aus -1 -.sailriacayatem miscalled a Government, but which is really and truly only a Buieauocracy. Undoubtedly that ' very agreeable man and . shrewd politi • an who is now * .-. sojourning amon ria Metternich is in the main, though not wholly, . accountable for much of the evil which has befallen his country. ...Though hp did - not create the system of " Bureattaratiee7a- which flourished to a certain extent under his predecessors— Thugut, Stadion,..and Kaunitz—yet he fostered it by every means in his power, and did more to corrupt and degrade the people of the Austrian empire than any of his predecessors. The early sojourn of Metternich in Fiance, during the Copsulate, had rendered hint', not merely unscrupulous, but indifferent to all principle. Provided he governed the vast empire committed to him easily and securely, it little mattered to him by what principles or by what mode obedience was secured or submission exacted. Thus, in an empire consisting of six or eight different nationalities, nation was Set against nation and race against race. The Milanese Were kept in check by troops drawn from Hungary and Transylva nia—the burger of Vienna, by the soldier, of Venice, Padua, or Ferrara—the Bohemian, by the Viennese— and the Hungarian by the native of Belluno and Udino. If the Austrian military system was thus vicious and ill-arranged in principle and detail, . the police system was a thousand times worse. Vienna, Milan, Prague, and Perth—nay, even •so small a town as Linz—become sinks of treachery,and corrup tion. No man or no society was safe. Distrust and 'snares were sown in social habitudes, and espionnage equally corrupted and defiled public a n d private life. ~A., lax morality was tolerated, if not encouraged. All crimes were permissible—it least permitted excepting the crimes of thinking or of talking_aboutibcial or po litical regeneration. For twenty jeers, and until the death of the late Emperor Frauttsr this system .stood Metternich in good stead; but ever since-1835 the Aus trian scheme of governnient has been tumbling:to pieces. To govern an empire like a pachalic of Turkey, bounded by countries' so civilised as Bavaria and Saxony, was beyond even the police power of a Metternich, and from the very day the ex-Arch Chancellor lent his support to railroads as part of a military scheme, he 'did more than ever had been _done . by all the Carbonari of Italy to 'destroy his own power and. to overturn his old system. Notwithstanding : all the efforts of his . police, the free presses of Leipsie, from the period of railroad traf6c made themselves felt in Vi e h na; an d the burgher of the Graben and Kohlmark I, who in 1828, 1829, and 1830, would only read a cookery or a jest book, from 1842 and 1843 read polical pamphlets, penny magazines, and various treatises toweling the rights of sovereigns and the duties of subjects. If this awakening of opinion and intelligence had been under stood and appreciated by the Arch Chancellor—if the propositions made by the Provincial States had been accepted—if the Austrian middle class movement bad been guided and directed by the Government and by the Austrian nobility, instead of having been checked and retarded -by them—the deplorable excesses of Prague and of Vienna in the present year might have been spared to us, and Austria might have escaped the hor= rors which now perhaps await her in a contest of races. To show to what an indefinite extent such a contest way be prolonged we need but cite the following table, show. ing how the population of the Austrian empire was composed in 1842: . Firstly, 16,791,000 Slavonians, and, namely:.. 4,370,000 Bohemians and Moravians. 2,753,000 Slovacks in the north.of Hungary. 2,594,000 Servians and Illyrians, in the soath'of Hun gary, Dalmatia, &c. 2,341,000 Poles, in Galicia and Austrian Silesia. 1,151,000 Sloventzes, in Styria, Careiolia, Caryn this, kc. 2,774,000 Russines, er Malo-Russes, in Galicia and north of Hungary. 801,000 Croats. 7,000 Bulgars. Secondly, of 6,475,000 Germans, and, namely : ' 2,150,000 in Austria Proper. 600,000 in Styria. 232,000 in Karynthia. - 24,00 e in Carniolia. 1,146,000 in Bohemia. 603,000 in Moravia.. 93,000 in Galicia. 600,000 in Hungary. 430,000 in Transylvania. Thirdly. 4,028,000 Magyars, as Hungarians, in Hun gary and Transylvania. Fourthly, 2,828,000 Wallachians, in Hungary, Trans sylvania' and the Bukovina. ' For this table we are indebted to an interesting and timely work by Count Valerian Krasinski,* which sheds a welcome light on the Austrian dispute, and which must be considered as the complement of the interesting pam phlet of Andryane, entitled " Austria and seine Zuekaafte." It was the practice of this Austrian Go vernment of Metternich which shut out light at Vienna to tolerate it in Hungary, whose population, according to Gzaffarik, was composed in 1842 of about 3,500,000 Magyars or real Hungarians, and about 6,342,000 Sla vonians. It was the Government of Metternich also which encouraged the Magyars, or Hungarians pro per, to replace the Latin by the use of their , own language, and which subsequently induced the Diet of Croatia to declare itself independent of Hun gary. It was the same Govertiment which, for its own short-sighted and 'elfish purposes, encouraged the massacres of proprietors by peasants in Galicia,, and which afterwards permitted the detestable doctrine. of Communism to be propagated, in order to create dis sension between proprietor and peasant. If, therefore, the Austrian armies are now threatened with dissolution, and the Austrian territory with a war of races, the fauli is in the greatest degree owing to these German politi cians—or rather Government clerks and bureaucrats, who deplorably mistook their vocation, and who ima gined they were governing an empire when they were only vehemently setting its component parts against each other. To divide a people even to distraction, is not to govern them. The destinies of a once mighty nation are now in the hands of that Providence which rules empires and kingdoms, and which alone, out of disorder, weakness, and confusion, can create unity and strength. ADVERTISER.—The railway question has become one of the questions of the day. It now attracts uni versal attention. It is not the shareholders only that are interested in the commercial prosperity of railways : the public are also deeply concerned in the matter. Whatever has a tendency to depress the market value of railway property has a tendency to abridge the accom modation which that mode of transit is meant to afford the public. If railway shares are to be run down by Bears in the Stock Exchange, and hostile journals, such as the Times, directors will feel compelled to make their lines more remunerative to the shareholders, with the view of securing their confidence. And as this can only be done by raising the fares, and diminishing the num• ber of trains, the public will be the losers. There never was a more groundless panic than that which has existed for some time past with regard to railway property. What makes the panic more surprising is the fact, that it prevails at a time when all the companies, though mo.t materially reducing their expenses, are receiving constant accessions to the amount of the traffic on their various lines. So far, too, from projecting new schemes, or incurring new liabilities, the grea: companies are abandoning the extensions and branches for which they had obtained their Bills. Calls, it may be further remarked, are rapidly approaching their end. They are, each succeeding month, becoming small by degrees and beautifully less. The amount for October was only 1,200,0001., while in the correspond ing month of last year it was 3,700,000/. Fur the month of November it is supposed the amount of calls will non exceed 700,000/. or 800,0001. We are, therefore, doing a service, not only to the shareholders, but to the public, in endeavouring to dissuade the former from parting with their property at present prices. Everywhere mea sures are being adopted to restore it to its legitimate value. The directors are. at last beginning to co-operate cordially with tho shareholders in a general endeavour to rescue railways from their present difficulties. It is understood that the directors of all the leading compa nies are now busily employed in preparing ample and accurate accounts of the position of their affairs. They -are also conveying to their shareholders an assurance o their readiness to adopt any "suggestion which may be deemed likely to improve the position of their property. It is gratifying to find that shareholders are pre paring to take advantage of this expressed readiness on the part of directors to receive in a proper spirit an) such suggestions.. They are at last beginning to arouse themselves. It is high time. They have slumbered too long. Their past.apathy is unaccountable. Their pro perty has . for more than two years been vanishing be fore their eyes, and yet they have remained as inactive, and seemingly as unconcerned, as if they had, had no interest in the matter. The depth which the depression in the railway market has now reached has at length awakened them from their torpor, and called them to energetic action. From all parts of the country we hear of the exertions which are making to restore rail ways to their original position in the railway market. From Liverpool we have received the following account of what is doing in that city with this view:—" A large an bod other dy of influential railway p ropr i etors at Liverpool places are getting up a memorial to the direc tors of the London and North-Western and Midland Railways, -suggestive of the e best means of restoring being and remedying the present depression. It is g being circulated and signed on the Exchange, limndpourrtgine; on the attention of directors the following points:---That the capital accounts shall be closed as soon as possible; that all outstanding accounts of the legal advisers shall be examined and paid off; that the engineering expenses shall be placed on the most econo mical footing; that the expenses at present being in curred in enlarging stations be limited, and that no such further expenses be incurred without the sanction of a majority of the shareholders; also, that no further en gagements, whether contracts for new lines, the Bills of which have been sanctioned by Parliament, and contracts for works not let, be entered into without such sanction; the rates of fare and tolls of all kinds not productive of a fair remuneration to the shareholders for their outlay and risk, be raised at once, and where Parliament has limited the power of raising such rates and tolls, that application be made next session to enable the directors to raise them to a remunerative scale; that the number of trains be reduced as far as practicable; that the ex= press trains, except one per day at an increased rate of tare, be taken off, and that first, second, and third class trains be run separately, at a speed in proportion to the amount of fare paid. That the boards of directors be reduced, that one-third retire annually, and that the new directors be proposed by the proprietors, and not chosen by the board." This paragraph has also appeared in the Panslavism and Germanism, by Cps❑t Yfderianlirit sinski. London. Newby, Mortimer-street. EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1813. I THE PRESENT MAYORALTY. At the conclusion of business in the Court of Common Council on Thursday, the last notice on the paper having been regularly disposed of, The LORD MAYOR rose, and addressed the Court. His Lordship congratulated the members upon the fact that there remained nothing to be done connected with the corporation. The whole of the business appointed for that day, the last on which he should have the honour to preside over the Court, had been completed, and he had reason to congratulate the Court and himself that the paper had been cleared upon each day on which they had assembled before he left the hall. He attributed the circumstance to which he had just adverted to the conduct of the members of the Court themselves, to the punctuality with which they had given their attendance, to the courtesy with which they had invariably acted, to the general ex pression of good feeling, and to the uniform and har monious support with which he had all through his year of office been upheld by them in the performance of his duties to his fellow-citizens. He could truly say that he retired from office under the most satin factory impressions of the kindness of the Court, and that he should carry along with him a most grateful recollection of their conduct to him, and of the inva riable disposition they had manifested to promote the benefit of the public and of their fellow-citizens. Mr. \\"IRE, in the name of the Court, stood forward and said that it was impossible for the members to separate without declaring that they felt for the gen tleman who had pre - sided over them for the last year, and who was about to retire from the office which he had so admirably filled, the highest respect and esteem.— (Cheers.) The feeling was one in which the public most cordially participated, for the whole course of the Lard Mayor's conduct embraced the most complete system of serviceable agency for the community at large.— (Loud cheers.) Upon every occasion on which the interests of the public were concerned, it was only to give a hint to the Lord Mayor that it was necessary to have his Lordship at the head of a movement to accomplish the object, and the means and the judgment were at hand.—(Loud cheers.) The Court felt that upon all occasions the utmost courtesy was shown by his Lordship, and that, much higher still, the most ex traordinary impartiality was manifested in the whole course of his Lordship' s presidency in the Court over which he had acted so much to the admiration of those who were delegated by his fellow-citizens to represent their claims and their necessities.—(Loud cheers.) The Lord Mayor, upon leaving the Court, was cheered by all the members, who stood up and con tinued their acclamations in the most hearty and sincere manner. BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, OCT. 20.—The market has been inactive this week, and the transactions since our last are quite unimportant. Refined goods find a steady sale, but at very low rates. In rum there is very little doing.—Bristot Mercury. CHICHESTER BARRACKS.—It is rumoured that ex tensive alterations will shortly be made both to the in fantry and cavalry barracks in this city. Should the enlargement of the buildings take place, the latter will contain an entire regiment. " THE READER", IN A rRINTING-OrFICE..-11l a printing establishment, "the reader" is almost the only individual whose occupation is sedentary; indeed, the galley slave can scarcely be more closely bound to his oar than is a reader to his stool. On entering his cell, his very attitude is a striking and most graphic picture of earnest attention. It is evident, from its outline, that the whole power of his mind is concentrated in a focus upon the page before him; and, as in midnight the lamps of the mail which illuminate a small portion of the road seem to increase the pitchy darkness which in every other direction prevails, so does the undivided at tention of a reader to his subject evidently abstract his thoughts from all other considerations. An urchin stands by, reading to the reader from the copy—furnishing him, in fact, with an additional pair of eyes; and the shortest way to attract his notice is to stop his boy; for no sooner does the stream of the child's voice cease to flow, than the machinery of the man's mind ceases to work: some• thing has evidently gone wrong; he accordingly at once raises his weary head; and a slight sigh, with one pas sage of the hand across his brow, is generally sufficient to enable him to receive the intruder with mildness and attention. Although the general interest of literature, as well as the character of the art of printing, depends on the grammatical accuracy and typographical correct ness of " the reader," yet from the cold hearted public he receives punishment, but no reward. The slightest oversight is declared to be an error; while on the other hand, if by his unremitting application no fault can be detected, he has nothing to expect from mankind but to escape and live uncensured. Pact. Goldsmith lurked a reader in Samuel Richardson's office for many a hungr) day in the early part of his life.—Quarterly Review. THE NEW ARCHBISHOP OF PARIS.—M. Sibour, the new Archbishop of Paris, who took possession of his see by deputy on the 12th, on Wednesday made his solemn entry into the metropolitan church. The chapter, curbs, and vicaires of the diocese, the semina ries, ecclesiastical communities, and an immense crowd of the faithful were assembled. On arriving at the great door of the church, the prelate was complimented by the Ableii Gaguemet, first Vicar-General, Archidiacre of Notre Dame, and Dean of the Chapter, who, in a well-timed speech, reminded the new Archbishop that three months before the walls of the church were orna mented with inscriptions in honour of the pastor who had given his life for his flock, and that the church of Paris, laying aside its mourning, saw with joy the ar rival of a pastor disposed to make the same sacrifice it God should require it. The Archbishop replied in suit able terms. lie was then conducted to the altar, where some prayers were said. He then ascended the pulpit, and delivered an address to the people on the duty of the pastor to the flock and the flock to the pastor. On returning to the altar he received the obedience of all the priests, who, two by two, kissed his ring, and he gave them his blessing. This ceremony terminated, he chanted from his pontifical chair the vespers of St. Denis, first Bishop of Paris, after which he gave the solemn benediction. The Te Deem was then chanted, and on its conclusion the clergy, in procession, recon ducted the Archbishop to .the archiepiscopal residence. A considerable crowd pressed round the procession, an the Archbishop frequently gave his blessing to the people.—Paris Paper. AN AMERICAN MARVaL.—A dead alligator, as newspaper readers may remember, which was lately found floating in the bay of New York, awakened much speculation among naturalists; the recent discovery of the skeleton of another, almost as far north, in New Jersey, is therefore, not a novelty of wonder in these regions, except from the immense size of the latter, and from a matter of most curious antiquarian interest con nected with its exhumation. This last alligator or cro codile, measuring 30 feet in length, was found in Eaton town, New Jersey, about ten m iles from Lon,.. Branch, while digging for marl. The ske leton lay about feet beneath six beneath the surface in a stratum of green sand; and underneath this skeleton, as if it had dropped from the mouldering stomach of the monster, was found an ancient coin! This coin is described to us by an intelligent cor respondent, who has handled it, as about the size of a dollar; its composition, in which there is a large share of silver, being probably Corinthian brass. On the face of it is the figure of a lion , wit h t h e da t e " 6-48 " in Arabic numerals; on the reverse, amid several illegible letters, the fragmentary words, " Arg. Procon. Latia Mo." may be deciphered round two larger letters in the centre, one of which is the Greek " II" with an " R" interwoven with it. We understand that the whole of this curious matter is to be brought before some anti quarian society in the regular mode, with all the neces sary testimony as to facts particular of the discovery. But while those learned gentlemen are puzzling them selves as to the pro-consulship in which this coin was cast, and calling in the aid of the geologist to account for its locality, our quick-minded readers will instantly jump to the honest conclusion that this crocodile, who found burial amid the sands of New Jersey, had, 2,000 years ago, half digested some Roman soldier in the rivers of Africa, ero he floated westward for a new meal, with the poor fellow's last coin still preserved in his maw.—New York Literary World. MILK FOR THE PEOPLE.—There exists on Long Island, near Brooklyn, several manufactories of milk— the process of which should be known. One of these dairies covers a space of 600 feet front by 300 feet deep, carefully closed in, so as to be as private as possible— the business of the people being to drink the milk, not to know how it is made. In this encles-re 400 cows are kept all the year round. These cows are fed on the re fuse slop of whiskey distilleries, and it is given to them warm. Each barrel costs six cents, but being adulter ated with water and cheap feed brings the price still less. Such is the fondness of the cows for this vile corn. pound, that after having fed upon it for a week or more their appetites become so depraved that they will take no other food. The result is, their milk producing organs are stimulated to a wonderful degree ; they yield enormously, but soon become diseased ; their gums ulcerate, their teeth drop out, and their breath becomes fetid. Though thus diseased, they do not fall away in flesh, but, on the contrary, puff and bloat to an appearance of great fatness ; their joints stiffen so that they cannot lie down, and rarely or never come out alive. Bad as this is, the milk is aftetwards mixed with molasses water and whiting, and then sold to the people of Now York for pure milk ! Any one may ob serve the thirty six vans that carry it round every morning. It is of course very injurious to children, who use it in much greater quantities than adults. Some idea may be formed by computing one barrel of slop to a cow, costing sixpence, and the milk produced being eighty cents.—New York Paper. ACCIDENT ON TIIE ABERDEEN IZAILwAir--We regret to announce that this (Tuesday) morning's train from the south, when near the Dubton station, was thrown off the lino with a violent concussion, sending the engine across the other line of rails into a bank of earth, tearing up about forty yards of the rails, whereby the engine-driver was considerably injured, it is hoped not seriously. It is believed the cause was the breaking of a crank handle, which thus forced the engine off the line. The stoker had a narrow escape, as well as the passengers.—Brechin Advertiser. ACCIDENT.—On Saturday afternoon Lord Ran eliffe was going slowly down Pelham -street in his car riage, and when near the bottom of the street, a lad, whose name we have not been able to learn, slipped, and before his Lordship could pull up the horses, rolled under the fore-wheel, which passed over his body. The lad was taken up, and, we understood, was conveyed to the infirmary, but on making inquiries there such turns out to be the fact. His Lordship did all in his power to prevent the accident. The lad is said to be recovering. —Nottigham Journal. - _ CARRICK FOR A HAREI--A gentleman in Ayr lately received a present of a hare from the district of Carrick, of the goodly weight of iulba. 20z., HUNGARY. A Breslau paper of the lath has the following from Presburg :—" The troops have left their barracks and. fraternized with the people. Some of the officers who endeavoured to restrain their men were hissed and scouted. On the 7th a letter was brought from Jel lachich to General Kucehr, commander of the brigade at Presburg, and the messengers were arrested by the Burgher Guard and taken to the Hotel de Ville. Ge neral Kucehr was sought to read the letter, but he could not be found. The letter was then opened, and proved to have been written by General Zeisberg, in the name of Jellachich, in nearly the following terms, from head-quarters, at Altenburg, in Hungary :-- ' You have taken possession of the bridge of Presburg, and in what manner ? Send me such troops as you can spare. Have you received my letter of yesterday? Let me know the disposition of the people of Pres burg, and the state of things there.' As soon as this letter was read, the people set about to search for Gen. Kucehr, that they Might hang him. But the troops immediately abandoned their posts and retired from the city, and the General was nowhere to be found. A portion of the soldiers came back and joined the National Guard, after having shot their Colonel and Captain, who endeavoured to constrain them. The other troops, it is stated, are watched by the Cecopieri infantry and the Joseph regiment of Dragoons. There are in Presburg 6,000 peasants armed with scythes." THE NAVY. (From the United Service Gazette.) ADMIRALTY.—The Earl of Auckland is still absent from the Admiralty on a visit to his Lord ship's brother, the Bishop of Sodor and Man. The Hon. Captain Berkeley, M.P., C. 8., has arrived at the Admiralty. Lord John Hay and the Hon. W. Cowper are still in the country. SCREW DIET-OF-WAR. The Admiralty have directed Captain Austen, C. 8., the superintendent of steam-vessels afloat, to take the two screw steam schooners, Sharpshooter and Riflema n , un d er hi s command, and to proceed with them for a cruise in the Channel for three days, to tests their respective merits under steam and canvass. Th e y are s i ster vessels; but the former is of iron, with 202-horse power, and the latter is of wood, and has had her 202- horse power engines taken out, and is now supplied with engines taken out of the Teazer, of 100-horse power. The engines of both are by Miller an d Ravenhill. It i s ex pected that the difference in speed will be trifling, whilst the advantage in the saving of room, weight, and stowage, will be a most important acquisition. TILE lONIAN PACKETS.—It will be remembered that we expressed our doubts, a few weeks since, that the lonian Government would accept the iron steam packets, Antelope and Oberon, built purposely by the Admiralty for their Mail Service between the lonian Islands and Malta, on account of their inferiority in point of speed and stowage. It has turned out ex actly as we anticipated ; the Jordan Government have thrown them back on the hands of the Admiralty, who have ordered Sir William Parker to employ them again in any service for which they are adapted, under his command. These vessels cost originally, when fitted for service, about 37,0001. each. A STOP TO REDUCTIONS.—We t 1 USt that we are at length arrived at the lowest point of reduction of our ships and seamen—starvation of the latter we should rather say. During the past week, some 700 officers and men have been pail off, but orders have been issued for the complement of the Powerful, 84, at Spit head ; and the Sprightly and Dwarf steamers, on the coast of Ireland and now manned from the Excellent, are to return their crews to Portsmouth, and are to enter separate complements. We believe, too, the Racer, 12, is ordered home from Lisbon, when her crew will go to their ship the Caledonia. She will be regularly fitted out, and the Caledonia will also be fully manned, and increased from 490 to 750 ; her defects are to be made good, and she is to receive on board all her sea stores, and to complete provisions for four months. The crew of the Rifleman has gone back to the Powerful, and that vessel is entering a com plement of 80 men. Medina has been commissioned, and to have a complement of 60 men. The Teazer has also been commissioned, and is to have 50 men. SHIPS FOR COMMISSION.—Some little activity i s a t length beginning to be manifested again at our ports, in bringing forward ships for commissioning :—The Amazon, 19, corvette, at Devonport ; Daphne, 20, at Sheerness; Sappho, 16, and Orestes, 16, at Ports mouth, have been ordered to be masted, rigged, and prepared in every respect for the reception of officers and crews. THE STEAM R EBERVE.—There has been another movement with respect to the steamers at the ports during the past week. At Portsmouth, the Sphynx, Rattler, Hecate, and Growler, sloops, are to be kept ready rigged and stored as they now are, for imme diate service, their topmasts only being struck. The Retribution and Centaur, frigates, and the Salaman der and Pheanix are to have their masts taken out, with the exception of their lower masts and bowsprits, and all the other steamers refitting and repairing, these are to be completed and placed in the second division, such as the Cormorant, Devastation, and Urgent. The Birkenhead is to have her defects made good, and to be kept perfectly ready for the convey ance of troops. The Encounter, screw sloop, is to be brought forward for immediate commission. At Sheerness, the Yirago sloop, is to have her topmasts struck, and her lower rigging is to be kept stowed away on board ; but the Conflict frigate, is to be dis masted and unrigged, everything being stowed care fully away and kept ready. These are judicious as well as economical arrangements of the Admiralty for the winter. THE GUARD SHIP AT ASCENSION.—Reports have prevailed that the Tortoise, store and guard ship, at Ascension, Captain Hutton, has been ordered home. It would not appear that such is the fact, if it be true, as stated, that orders have been sent to Ascen sion for those seamen who have served in the Tor toise four years to be sent home to be paid off, unless they should feel inclined to re•enter the service at Ascension for another term of years. This order is to bar the claim to double pay for all those served above four years. THE SUPERIIITENDENTSHIP OF THE INDIAN NAVY. —We copy the following from a morning contempo rary :—We may preface it by remarking that our own information, from a source on which we believe we may rely, goes to confirm the report that Captain Lushington, now com manding the Vengeance, 84, will have the offer of this lucrative but very respon sible post; and most likely Sir Henry Leeke will succeed Captain Lushington in command of his pre sent ship. The nomination is in the Board of Di rectors, but the veto lies with the First Lord of the Admiralty. Both in the estimation of the directors and the First Lord, we believe Captain Lu s hi ng t on stands very hi g h. He is a son-in-law of the gallant Admiral Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard : " Among a dozen other officers, Captain Sir Henry Black wood, Sir Henry Lushington, Captain Min gaye, and, in fact, almost every Captain who has served in India for the last twenty years, has been named as likely to succeed to the superintendentship of the Indian Navy; end now we find th e name o f Sir Henry L ee k e brought into the list of e x p ec t ants for this p os t. S o far as the latter is concerned, we do not think that Gallant Officer would sacrifice his chance of completing his time for his flag rank by the acceptance of even such a lucrative command as that of the Indian Navy. It is more likely that h e w ill receive frem his own Admiralty the full satisfaction of his undoubted cleims on them, by succeeding t o the command of Devonport Ordinary, on the pro motion of Captain Meade." We regr e t t o s t a te that Vice-Admiral of the White, Robert Jackson, is seriously indisposed. The Gallant and venerable officer was a Lieutenant in 1790, and, we believe, is above eighty years of age. The Eapl-of -14srro-Wby had - an - interview Cth Sir George Grey, on Saturday, at the Home-office, POLICE INTELLIGENCE. BOW-STREET. On Saturday Henry Grant Robinson, a young man of respectable appearance, was charged with em bezzling several small sums of money, the property of his employer. George Bowden, a bookbinder, of 1, Little Queen street, Holborn, said the prisoner was in his sen ice as shopman, and it was his duty to keep accounts and receive money. On Monday week he directed the prisoner to go to the shop of Mr. Gladwell, an artists' colourman, in Gracechurch-street, to receive the sum of 11. 165.51, which was due to him. Th 3 prisoner left for the purpose, and on his return sai,l it was not convenient for Mr. Gladwell to pay then. Witness went the following day for an explanation, and then saw Mrs. Gladwell, who gave him a receipt for the amount in the prisoner's handwriting. The prisoner never accounted to him for the money. Henry Gladwell, son of Mr. Glad well, of Grace church•street, proved that he saw his mother pay the money to the prisoner, who gave her the receipt pro• duced. There was a second charge against the prisoner, of obtaining money from Mr. Davy, an artists' colour man, of 83, Newman-street, Oxford-street. It appeared that the prisoner called on him on the 15th or 16th of August, for the payment of a little account due. Mr. Davy told him, as there was a per contra account, for goods delivered to Mr. Bow den, he would be obliged by having a general ac count made out, on receiving which he would settle. The prisoner called again the following day and re ceived from Mr. Davy 11. 17s. 9d., for which he gave him an acknowledgment, now produced. Mr. Bowden declared he had never received the amount in ques tion, and the prisoner, who reserved his defence, was committed for trial. MARLBOROUGH -STREET. On Saturday John Donavan was finally examined before Mr. Hardwick, on charges of having embezzled various sums of money belonging to his master, Mr. David hams, tobacconist, 193; Oxford-street, to whom ht had been for some time errand-boy. Mr, Davis ' grocer, 5, Dorch es t er -t errace, -Bays water, proved having paid him three several sums of money, and produced receipts for cash in the pri- soner's handwriting, and he was fully committed for trial in each case. MARYLEBONE. On Saturday Jeremiah Tibbetts, a carpenter, was charged with having committed a burglary at the residence of Mr. Edward Gee, Kentish- town. It appeared from the evidence that Mrs. Gee hav ing been alarmed in the middle of the night by a noise in the lower part of the house, called a policeman who was passing, to assist her in examining the house. In the back kitchen it was discovered that a pane of glass had been removed, and the sash opened. Fur ther search was made, and the prisoner was then found in the water•closet of the adjoining house. A quantity of cigars and a plated candlestick, belonging to Mr. Gee, was picked up close to where the priso ner had concealed himself. Some wine and brandy had also been removed from the house. The prisoner was taken into custody, and it appeared that he had lately been employed as a journeyman carpenter in Mr. Gee's house. The prisoner, who had nothing to say in his defence ; was committed for trial. CLERKEIVWELL. On Saturday Sarah Bishop, and her sister Ann May, were charged on suspicion of causing the death of Harriet, the daughter of the latter. Sergeant Harris, No. -17 E, who had an hour pre viously apprehended the prisoners, said that he had seen the body of the deceased, who appeared to have arrived at the age of three years. The marks of vio lence on its body had induced him to have it examined by a medical man. _ _ Mr. A. M'Gill, of No. 1, Argyll-place, St. Pan• crag, deposed that the prisoners lodged in his house for the last 20 weeks. He had from time to time heard dreadful cries from the children of Mrs. May. On Wednesday last, in particular, he listened to the feeble groans of a child, whom he believed to be the deceased. Mrs. May had seven children. Saw the deceased last about three weeks ago. The door of the room occupied by the prisoners and their family had been since kept fastened. They were very distressed, and he supposed that the cries arose from hunger. Two months ago he applied to Mrs. May fbr rent,and they were in absolute want of food, with which he in stantly supplied them. Her husband was formerly a respectable tradesman in Little Coram street, but had deserted them, and was, he believed, in America. Other witnesses corroborated this evidence. Mr. Popham, surgeon, said that he had made a post mortem examination of the deceased, who had died from the effects of violence. There were several distinct marks of blows on its head; for instance, one on the temple, one on the crown, and two at the back thereof. Both collar-bones had been fractured, and had united from natural chance. That dreadful injury, however, must have occurred some considerable time back. Mr. TTRWHITT—What was the immediate cause of death ? Witness—A rupture of one of the large blood- vessels on the brain. Mr. TYRWIIITT—Can you form any opinion in refer ence to the manner by which those injuries were in• flicted ? Witness —Blows on the head would do so without fracturing the skull. Found the prisoners and children in a state of starvation, and without a vestige of furniture. Death could not have resulted from the effects of a fall. There were other injuries of a serious character at the bottom of the abdomen. Deceased had probably died within two hours after she had received the injury he had before described. The prisoner May, in her defence, stated thdt at one o'clock on Wednesday last, her sister, Mrs. Bishop, came to her while she was working at Mrs. Turner's, 6, Weston-place, and informed her that her child Harriet had had a fit, and at eight o'clock in the evening of the same day she came to her again, and told her that it was dead. She knew no more about the unhappy occurrence. The prisoner Bishop, by theadvice of the magistrate, made no defence, and they were both remanded until after the inquest. LAMBETH On Saturday Thomas — Donovan, a one-legged vagrant, was charged before the Hon. G. C. Norton with breaking two squares of plate glass, of the value of Si., the property of Mr. Fox, an upholsterer, carrying on business in Church-street, Camberwell. Mr. Fox stated that on the preceding night, while in his shop, he saw the prisoner deliberately break two large squares of plate glass with his crutch, and he, in consequence, gave him into custody. The prisoner, in reply to the charge, said he had committed the offence through distress and being refused admission into the union workhouse, and also that he might be sent to prison. Mr. NORTON—And did it not occur to you that you might attain the same object by breaking a square of glass of the value of Is. or Is. 6d. as b wilfully d estroy i ng property to the amount of 8/ or 91. ? Prisoner—l did not know what to do. Mr. NORTON—WeII, I consider your conduct so scandalous, that I shall commit you for trial. On referring to the law on the subject, his Worship found that when the property destroyed was repre sented to exceed the value of 51., there was no power to commit for trial or punish the party by a summary conviction. Mr. Fox then stated the property to be of the no minal value of 51., though, he said, it would cost him twice that amount to replace the glass. Mr. NORTON said he should, under the circum stances, sentence the prisoner to the most severe punishment in his power, and that ;I a;, to order him to pay the sum of 51., or, in default, to stand com mitted to prison for two months. Mr. Fox inquired from Mr. Norton if there were no means by which he could be remunerated for his severe loss? Mr. NORTON said that he knew of none except by a public subscription. There was one thing, how ever, which he wished to recommend to him, Mr. Fox, and other respectable tradesmen in the district who were sufferers by the same practice of window breaking, and that was, to set about obtaining such an alteration in the law as would protect valuable pro perty of this description, or at least subject those destroying it to a trial and severe punishment. On the occasion of the Portland Vase being destroyed at the British Museum, the law was found to be so de fective for the protection of valuable property that at that time it was amended, but the amendment, un fortunately, only extended to works of art. A further alteration was necessary, to extend to the protection of valuable property like plate glass, and to accomplish this, he should recommend Mr. Fox and other suf ferers to wait upon the Members for the borough of Lambeth, who, he had no doubt, would assist them in obtaining the protection so necessary for the preser vation of their property. Mr. Fox said he should certainly act upon the-sug gestion, and, having thanked his worship for his kindness, left the court. SOUTHWARK. On Saturday, two lads, named Sullivan and Donald, were charged with stealing a silk pocket-handker chief from the pocket of a gentleman named Sherland, while passing St. Thomas's Hospital. A City police-officer, named Hayden, stated that in consequence of the numerous robberies which had taken place lately on London-bridge, by a daring gang of young pickpockets, he had been directed to watch the neighbourhood in plain clothes. In the present case, he had seen the prisoner Donald take the handkerchief from the complainant, and while in the act of passing it to his companion, witness secured them. A mob immediately gathered round, a n d a rescue was attempted, but Mr. Sherland assisted him, and with much difficulty the prisoners were token to the station. The MAGISTRATE sentenced the prisoners to a month's imprisonment, with hard labour, and to be privately whipped. Shetland . he considered there was:much inefficiency on th ! part of the poli ce , o f thi s di v i s i on . Not a constable in as to be. naet with all-the way from the rail Way terrnin us to the station, .and. but for the activity of the pol.iit 'man Hayden th e p r i soners wou have escaped. . .. .... N TELLIGENCE. N AVAL POET;;MOUTII, SI 3,ND. kY.—The Revision Commit tec left this port, y€ sterdCY morning Air the Admi ralty, accompanied 'by Civtain Chads, C. 8., of the Excellent. Yesterday being the anniversary of the battle of Trafalgar, the Victory was decorated:with flowers and evergreens, and the me:a served with ext ra f are. Th e usual commemoration winner took-place in the ward- , room in the evening, A number of the elite of thif port and neighbourhood paid congratalafory visits to , the Cominander•in-Chie, the Hon. Sir Bladen Cape!, K.C.8., yesterday ju hot] our of the day; In which he took so glorious a part. ,A brilliant circle ; dined with. him in the evening. Captain Martin, of the Pr, ' nee Regent. 92, at Spit.- head, also gave a Trafalgar di, - mer to a --party of naval officers. The Reynard steam-schooner, Commander Cracroft, and the Stromboli steam-sloop, - Commander Lord Aurelius Beauclerk, are ordered to complete for seJ with all dispatch. The Reynard, when leady, will have a trial of speed with the Plumper, a similar vessel. The Rifleman . sicam-schooner, Lieutenant- Commander Crofton, and the Sharpshooter from schooner, Lieutenant-Commh:nder Bailey, will also be tried together at the back of the Wightby.Captaiot Austin in a few days. The Tweed, 18, Commander Loid Francis Russel arrived at St. Michael's on the 23d Alt:, :from Cork,:t° and sailed for Rio on the 26th. The Helena, 10, Command er de Coui4.; arrived at r Madeira from Cork on the 28th ult., en rofite to the West Indies. The Favourite, 14, Commander-• Murray, sailed from St. Helena on the 25th of August, to , cruise on the west coast of Africa. The Encounter screw steam-sloop is ordered to be brought forward f2r commission as soon turps:ale.. The Devastation steam-sloop is ordered to be fit ted as an advance steamer immediately to join CeiptAis Austin's squadron. By a private letter, dated St. Helena, August:49i received from Lieutenant Charles Oakes Hall, 1 1 's learn that the noted slave ship Polka was, taken I 'rise by the Penelope steam-ship, the Siren being in si Ott off the Mayumba, coast of Africa, and was taken - juts St. Helena by the above named gentleman.:—De: port Independent. SLIPS AND VESSELS TO BE COMMI3SIONED.-1711 6 Superb, 80 guns, on her way from the Slediterrani to England to be paid off, will, it is reported, on AC° count of the ship being in a condition-so much is accordance with her name, be almost immediately re— commissioned. The Amazon 19-gun corvette, et Devonport ; the Daphne 18-gun corvette,-at Chathara; the Orestes 18-gun corvette, and the Sappho, 16-gual.- sloop, at Portsmouth, are all ordered to be masteck rigged, stored, and elsewise prepared for immediate; reception of their officers and erews. The Growler. steam-sloop will also be shortly put in commission e' Portsmouth. APPOINTMENTS. Master—P. Wellington, late of the Belvidere and. Adventure, to the Caledonia, vice Roberts. Mate—J. W. Watson to the Caledonia. Assistant- Surgeons—Thomas John Breen to the Rifleman ; John W. Cleave to the Bramble, in the East Indies. Midshipman—Edward Field to the Victory, at Portsmouth. , Master's Assista n t—G. A. C . Brooker to tae Medina, steam vessel. Acting Boatswain—Charles Blackadone: to thO , Illustrious. THE PRINCE REGENT. —This splendid map -of--wary at Spithead, has, we believe, realised by' her per' j formances more than was expected of' her ;"-- and nog (' it is determined to give this 2,600 tons ship the arms' ment which the nearly 3,100 tons ship, the Alniout was designed to carry, but failed to take. The Prince Regent is to have throughout 8-inch 'guns (68' pounders) on - the lower deck, of 55 cwt. each; lost 32-pounders, of 56 cwt. each, on the main .deck; long 32's, of 42 cwt each, on the qUarter-deck ow forecastle. This will give her a single broadside' power of throwing 2,0481b5. of shot. Engaged on both sides, her destructive power would be 4 3 0961111. at each discharge of her guns. She will then bfineaAy equal • to the three .decker Queen - in weight of Broadside metal. At present she is very well and t :eificientlf manned; with her heavier arm.ament — she perhaps, have another company of Marine,Artillery. Goon SERVICE WARRANT. —At length- ,we enabled to have the gratification of announcing that this boon• ' which has f o r some _ .t im e pa st been enjoyed by the army, will immediately be brought into force in- the navy and • marines- We hope to be enabled in our next number to gil'B full particulars of this desirable arrangement, whicut we feel assured, will give universal setisfactiou; Much as the regulation will enhance . the condition of the petty officers and seamen, it will confer. that r e ' ward on the non - commissioned officers and private ° of the marines which has been so long withhipld fox?, them ; and th e y w ill b e p l aced on an.equialty with the seamen with regar d to the i r provisi ons.--i&utic Standard. PLYMOUTH, OCT. 21 .—Rear-Admiral Sir john Louis, Admiral-Superintendent, struck his flag Yer terday morning, on six days' leave of absence. A I' Her Majesty's b r i g F erret, 8, i s ordered tole f i t t e d for commission, to proceed to the coast of Africa. It is probable that the Seagull, which went as hore on the German Rock, will be put out of commissio n in consequence of general defects., The south dock in the Devonport Yard is to 138 ._, filled with rubble. Thi s d oc k was intended to P° taken into the new basin, but the order has been, countermanded. The south d oc k i s one of the olde st • in the yard, having been built in the reign of WOO and Mary. • „ The Hermes steamer, with supernumeraries Portsmouth, started a second time on Thursday nigh t • shipwright s , at %a ; one, a 34/ ; seven sm ith s, at 20/. ; one sailmaker, at 2 41 " j four labou rers , at IS1.; two oar makers, and 011" sawyer. The Finance Committee (Lords of the Admiral& will be here on Friday next, the 27th of October. The Cork Steam-ship:Company's steam-ship Pren s ; sicher Adler, Captain Tooker, from London, pass, s e about no on yes t er d ay, 20 miles east of the Start, tli American p ac k e t- s hi p N ort h umberland, beating UP Channel from New York, for London. BOTHWAT'S B LOCHS .—Th e tr i a l of the 20- i n eit , block m anu f ac t ure d on the plan of Mr. Bothwar against the 26-inch service block, took place this cl/ kFriday) in th e T est i ng H ouse of the dockyar d, the presence of Captain Carter, her Me‘jesty's Caledonia ; Captain Sir Thomas Maitland, her At jesty's ship San Josef; Mr. Henderson, master s' A tendant ; and other principal o ffi cers of the dockYi l u r e e ; The object of this trial was to ascertain whetu l a a 20-inch block, iron-strapped internally, w ell ., stand a strain equal to that of a 26-inch block, 1 r 1) ;; bound in the ordinary way adopted in her M a jesty service, and to ascertain the strain at WT I , each of the blocks would be rendered unserviceab l e ' The 20-inch block was first submitted to the tel ., when the hook gave way to a pressure of 19 o°l the shackle was then applied to the block, end at,: strain of 50 2 tons the tackli ng gave way, but t'' block was uninjured, excepting that the middle shive r, over which the rope b ro k e, i t was found did not trave l. The 26-inch bl oc k was t h en put to the test ; the hrtoit broke at 42 t ons , t h us s h owing a superiority equai, 22 tons over th e an t agon i st i c block ; the block, 11; ever, gave way at a pressure of 27 tons only, gi v 4, he an advantage to Bothway's block of 231 tons. result of this t r i a l may b e f a i rly stated to be in favo ur . h of Mr. Bothway' s bl oc k , b ut the superiority of o ' o f block is m uc h d e t racted from in the weakness. ng the hook. Thi s i s to be remedied by htivi-of heavier m e t a l, b ut then one of the points ri, superiority, li g h tness, would be considerably. sec.. ficed. On th e whole, however, we think Mr. Bo th way has th e advantage, his block is more comr l o k and if the necessary increase in the size of the h°,... does not add mater i a ll y to its weight, is eci; n tainly t o b e pre f erred. The Government h'eoi weighed 6 cw t. 1 qr. 18 lb ., the length of p i n inches, dia me t er 2 i nc h es, deflection after trial rbon inch. Th e we i g h t of Bothway ' s block, 2 cwt. I :Ir, R, A trial w as su b sequent l y made on a 20-inch block' the largest use d i n t h e service. The hook o f this went at 26 tons, an d th e bl oc k at 21 tons. t weight 2 cwt. 3 qr. 17 lb., l engt h o f p i n 19 1 hie es " deflection after trial of an inch.—Devonr' Telegraph. WOOLWICH, OCT. 21.—Th e T eazer steam-Yes:. 1 was commissioned t o -d a y a t thi s port b y L i eu t e ns!, Commander Selweyn, and th e o th er o ffi cers an d of the Myrmidon have been turned over to her. , he Lieutenant Nee wt, 1 ser gean t an d 14 pr i va tes, latter all mechanics, embarked yesterday for a I" sage to the Island of Ascension. One sergeant, 2 c or p ora l s, an d 20 privates, nie/ Woolwich division of R oya l M ar i nes , embarkin yesterday on b oar d th e Fi sgard frigate, for servi ce that vessel. BIRTHS. On the 15th i ns t., the lady of 11. J. Dobree, Esq, ° f B°t terdam, of a daughter. .• 0 On the 19th i ns t., a t St rat f or d -green, Essex, ... I n ..- ... • B. Layard, of a daughter. _...------4 DIED. At St. Serva n , F rance, on t h e 2d i nst., Ma j or Hawke r , 801 Veteran Bat'alion, formerly in the 12th Dragoons. or. On the 10th i ns t . , a t Ch armout h , Dorset, age d 621 " Maling, Major, half-pay Royal Artillery. On the 14th in s t., a t B r i g h ton, T . T uc k , E sq ., aged 73. ,• • On the 18th inst., at Hemmingford-villas, London , Austin, Esq., o f C ey l on, age d 37, London: Printed and Published by MURDO ,„_ 112, No. 112, Strand, P r i n t er , a t Th e Sun O ffi ce, ty Of 1' Strand, in the Precin c t o f th e Savoy, in the CA" 411 " 1 " 4 111 9 11 SlaYo QGt9bet 231 iti4; -1;611146' °f i f his) orte Bit Qt tt C a 1 11 th, Il lby their Tse., Pest! N. Mint Mil t Sal al derat