The Sun. — London, England, 1865-08-17 00:00:00

NEW THRATRE-ROYAL, ADELPIII.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. • THIS EVENING. THROUGH FIRE AND WATER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, R. Phillips, Billi gt uon, Ashley ; Mrs. A. Mellon (Miss Woolg,ar), and Miss H. Atter which, at 9, SOLON SHINGLE. Solon, Ur. John E. Owens; supported by Messrs. R. t hillips, Billington, Stephenson, Ashley, Eburne ; Mrs. H. Lewis, &c. To conclude with A PAS DE FASCINATION. Miss Furtado, and Mr. J. L. Toole. • - Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. 'MIS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher, entitled HEART-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS. After which, AR RAH NA POGUE : Messrs. Dion 110 Murray; J. Brougham, 11. Vandenhotr , D . Fisher, D. M ; Mrs. Boucicault and Miss R. Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. Commence at 7. GRATIS AND POST FREE. E. MOSES and SONS' New Pamphlet. THE PHILOSOPHY OF DRESS. MOSES AND SON j• respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVEN 11. E CLOTHING. The newest taories are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices are such as must satisfy the most economical This depart ment is in a oistinct pert of the premises, which will be found a great convenience for ladies and children, MOSES AND SON J. respectfully invite ll- public attention to their large and assurted SUMMER STOCK. -161 MOSES AND SON'S 224•"SANDRINGHAM" and "DANISH " WRAP VEIL I utroduced by them) Is the newest and most fashion ►b:e style of Overcoats for the season.. - up MOSES AND SON'S J. READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S LA • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, from 30s. • F - 4 1 MOSES AND LA • 110SIERY and DRATERY, for all classes and all ages. S 0 N'S MOSES AND SON'S • BATS AND CAPS, fur all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S • _ BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. rt_ MOSES AND SON'S K.:A• OUTFI l'S, for all classes, all aged, and all climates. M E• OSES A,ND LONDON HOUSES, SON'S 154, 155, 156. 157, Dllnorles; 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, Aldgate ; 506, 507, 508, New Oxtord—street ; 1,2, 3, Bart-street; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Euston-road. Also, Bradford, Yorkshire. MOSES AND SON'S • Establishments are closed (very Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until 11 o'clock. All articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not apprived of will be exchanged, or the money returned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, "The l'hilosophy of Dress," gratis and post tree. frHE LAST EDITION OF " TIIE SUN," U. Containing the Latest SPWITINti INTELLIU.E.,‘C r.. Sall be had Every Evening of G. (1.. GLENIE, NEws. AGENT, No. 4. Connaught-terrane, yde-park. 111 IE LATEST EDITION of "TILE SUN" supplied, as soon as published every Evenine by W. ALEXANDER. (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish-ttreet, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied u ?owl as Published. containing all the LA MST - NEWS ant SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, by 1. W. HARRIS, Newspaper Agent, 4, Blackfriars-roan, London, S. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN." J. HOLMES begs to inform his friends, and the public generally. that he supplies the LATII.ST EllffluN of • I'HE SUN" as soon as publishal —No. 16, Hampstead road, TEETH AND PAINLESS DENTISTRY.- Messrs. LEWIN and SIMEt) M(JSELY and SONS, 30, ilerners-street, Oxford-street, and 448, Strai.d, opposite Charing.-cross hallway Station. listaballed :830. Aitificial Teeth made with their patented advantages are fitted with cut the least inconvenien-e, however tender the mouth, s!,p porting and strengthening loose and sensitive teeth until they become uFeiul in mastication. Tile , r resemblance to nsture is perfect and undetectab.e, and they are guiirautted for all purposes of mastication and articulation operations of (very kind t eirig unnecessary, the most nervous patient can be supplied wi bout fear of pain or inconvenience. Con sultation :roe. Teeth from bets, F, 7, 1 , and 16 'I; nitwits, wat ranted. l• or the (Arica 7, ulilitj, and success ut Ole bystein, vide " Lancet. ' Daily :.ttendanco at 15, Whdefriargate, hull ; 10, Norfolk street, Sheffield ; 4, East-para_e, Leeds ; and 11, St. Nicholas strect, ..* No connection with any one of the same name. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DAY.—Morning, 10h. 4...AlL—Afternoon, 11h. 26w, To-Mourtow.-Morning, 11h. 59m.—Afternoon, h. in, 1 111 ler.'""l 4 - 11 -Cx1 01 2.. 16 .0, k 4, 4 .4'• 4 " LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 1865. - There is at length a prospect of an approaching termination of the New Zealand war, which has now dragged on its weary length for so many tedious months. A war of this character has nothing to commend it to the most pugnacious or fiery Euro pean. It is harassing and inglorious, waged against an inferior race, who, under every disadvantage in point of military skill and science, have got so many advantages in their knowledge of the country and the quickness and ingenuity peculiar to savage races, that they are of ten able to defeat the best laid plans. No military glory is to be gained by a victory in a pitched battle should the natives ever allow themselves to be surprised or driven into one, but, at the same time, the pursuit or the defence may be as difficult and as fatiguing as if the enemy belonged to the most accomplished military nation. The sort of guerilla warfare which is peculiarly attractive to savages—the surprising of baggage trains and convoys—the murder of outlying pickets and stray individuals—all render this species of war fare especially harassing and unsatisfactory. In the case of the Maories, moreover, there have been other difficulties from their remarkable intelli gence and semi-civilisation. They possess such singular skill in constructing defensive works, that it has been no easy matter to carry their posi tions, and more than once it has happened that when, after a desperate struggle, the works were carried, they were found to be empty, the Maories having left by a retreat which either had not been observed or could not be cut off. Swamps and marshes, impassible to Europeans, were easily tra versed by them, since they knew the paths by which they could be traversed. Their knowledge of the use of fire-arms, too, gave them an immense ad vantage over mere savage troops, and they have had also, we are sorry t o say, the advantage of Eu ropean direction. All these causes have combined to render the war no easy one to bring to a satis factory or speedy issue, and certainly it did not need she introduction of an extraneous element of perplexity. Yet this has occurred in th e very seri ous di sagreem ent existing between the Ministry on the one hand and the General-in-Chief on the other. In so complicated a matter it is not fair to judge until the statements of both parties are laid before the public ; but certainly the charge which General CAMERON brought against the New Zealand Ministry was not one which ought to have been lightly made against English gentle men. General CAMERON, in fact, charged the Ministry with the continued prosecution of the war for the purposes of aggrandisement, and in utter carelessness of the lives of the Imperial troops. It is true that this charge was not made openly, but was openly communicated to the Governor in a semi-official letter, which he naturally thought ne cessary to lay before the accused parties, the more so as the Ministry had acted in perfect harmony with himself throughout. The Ministers de - dined to notice any such letter unless it were brought be fore them officially; and Sir GEORGE GREY, who had, as we have said, fully coincided in their Policy, thought it necessary to terminate all communications with General CAMERON, excepting those strictly official. In a memorandum issued by the Auckland Government they denounce in strong terms the injustice of the accusation, and declare that it is impossible, with any regard to their own. character, longer to avail themselves of services so. unwillingly rendered. What will be the result of this open rupture remains to be seen : the question will be a difficult one for the Colonial Minister to deal with. The general feeling in the colony is that the Auckland Ministry could not have acted otherwise ; but the General is indignant at the public use of what he calls a private letter. The recent inaction of General CAMERON in the prosecution of the war is clearly accounted for by this impression on his part. One thing is forcibly shown by this entanglement—the evil of double or divided authority, and the colonists have good cause to complain that, pending the settlement of private differences between these gentlemen, the public interests of the colony are not sufficiently re garded. The outlay and loss caused by the war have been very serious to a young community, to say nothing of the loss of life and suffering occa sioned by it. Divided councils are always bad, and the absence of a decided authority in a matter of such serious importis very much to be regretted. At the same time the prospects of peace are more encouraging. The subthission of WILLIAM THOMP SON, the most formidable of the leaders, and several of the principal Maori chiefs, augurs well for the future. More especially may we hope that this is something beyond a mere temporary truce, since WILLIAM TIIO3IPSON signed the submission on the part of the KING and himself. General CAREY, to whom the submission was made, describes the bear ing of TnomrsoN as silent and submissive in the extreme, and the only requests which he made were for an official examination into his character, which, he affirmed, had been much maligned, and that General CAREY should let him know what the Go vernor thought of his submission. The form of covenant which THO3IPSON signed was as follows : —" We consent that the laws of the QUEEN be laws for the KING (Maori), to be a protection for us all for ever and ever. This is the sign of making peace, my coming into the presence of my fighting friend, General CAREY." The cove nant was in the Maori language, and was dated May 27, 1865. It cannot, of course, be re garded as a final settlement of the war, but each of the chiefs that lays down his arms and acknow ledges the supremacy of the QUEEN is a point gained, and the surrender of WILLIAM THOMPSON, if genuine, is worth the submission of a dozen Maori chiefs. Whether or no his character has been maligned, as he asserts, there is little doubt that he has been an active promoter of the war, and espe cially of that King movement which has done so much mischief. It will be a matter for hearty con gratulation for the colonists, and of satisfaction to the mother country, when hostilities are finally sus pended, and the relations between the settlers and the Maories put upon a safer and more defined footing. The various Exhibitions of Arts and Manufac tures that are constantly taking place are among the most encouraging and interesting signs of the times in which we live. Yesterday the Lord Chan cellor, assisted by the Marquis of SALISBURY and the Lord Mayor, opened the North-East London Exhibition, at the Agricultural Hall, Islington. The arrangements were admirably done, and the whole affair was very satisfactory. Thousands attended, and the place was crowded with orderly visitors, who were greatly interested in the pro ceedings. The various ceremonies having been gone through, and the choir having sung the Old Hundredth Psalm, the Lord Chancellor declared the Exhibition open. Ilis lordship also delivered an address, which was most appropriate to the occasion, and brought the leading circum stances connected with the affair before the assembly. He commenced by an allusion to the first Great Exhibition, which took place in 1851, and testified to the wisdom and prescience which the lath Prince Consort had displayed in that affair. Certainly that noble undertaking may rank among the chief works of his Royal Highness, as it is the one which will the most intimately associate his name with posterity, for the continuance of these Exhibitions seems likely enough, and in all pro bability they will flourish among future generations, who will appreciate and admire them. France has followed our example, and since then the design has been carried out in many places. One of the na tural consequences of the " happy issue " of our l i Great Exhibitions was truly said by the Lord Chan cellor to be the development of the South Kensing ton Museum, and that institution has been of in estimable service to our manufacturers and opera tives. The noble and learned lord went on to ex plain the necessity that existed for further under takings besides the great establishment at South Kensington. Time cannot be given by the working classes of the north-east of London to go to such a distance as Kensington to study objects of art, and hence, to all intents and purposes, it spreads its stores in vain for them, and its marvels of science and art are to them sealed books. The inhabitants of Islington have done themselves great honour, and deserve great praise for their energy and enthu siasm in this cause ; and, as the Lord Chancellor said to them yesterday, it is a matter of " legitimate pride " for them to reflect upon. The inhabitants of that locality comprise many hundreds who are engaged in every variety of manufacture, and if a museum could be permanently established there it would be of great benefit and a paramount advantage to the community. As was also observed in this eloquent address immense good is done by affording the working classes the means of improvement and amusements of an ele vated kind. Thus local museums will be an addi tional advantage to them, and another great in ducement is held out to those who have the manage ment of such undertakings. In these great under takings there will not be occasion to exercise much patience, or to trust to the promise of one sowing that another may reap, for actual and immediate gain seems to wait on the labours of those who inaugurate them, and the best and happiest results follow their doings. In connection with the much used phrase of " working classes," the Lord CHAN CELLOR said that he had been all his life a "work ing f the brain man," an d h e could state from experience that the work work o of t h h e e hand, and honest is exhaustingork of an y t a n the kind was not only useful, but laudable. In the beauti ful language of the Psalmist, he endeavoured to illustrate his meaning by quoting the passage which declares—" Oh Lord how wonderful art Thou in all Thy works, in wisdom hast Thou made them." Al together this opening ceremony may be considered to be a great success, and to have realised all the most sanguine expectations. There are few arrangements connected with the public service which conduce more to the general safety and order of the community than the Police Force ; but, inasmuch as grave responsibility is vested in its members, it behoves the administrators of the law to see that due discipline is Maintained, and strict justice observed among them. It is always to be regretted when too much laxity is shown to those who break the laws in their own prism which they put forward to guard and to see that others observe. Some cases of police misconduct have lately been brought under the notice of a magistrate, and treated with the most extraordinary lenity. This is not the way to manage matters to insure the confidence of the public, or to win that respect for constituted authority which is so very desirable. The offences with which these men were charged were such as to deserve some heavier punishment than a mild reprimand, and it seems, indeed, strange that nothing more was awarded to them. It is a poor and pitiful excuse to urge on behalf of an officer entrusted with a public duty to say that he lost his temper. It may be true or not that he be came irritated and acted on the hasty impulse of the moment ; but such conduct is most culpable, and may involve the most serious consequences to indi viduals, besides militating against public order and propriety. In one case a policeman cruelly as saulted a poor old man with little or no provoca tion ; indeed the gaoler told the magistrate that the sufferer was in such a condition from the bruises he had met with that it was advisable to send him to the hospital. It is going a great deal too far to excuse such conduct as this on the score of loss of temper, and the example thus held out to others not to restrain their indignation, or to put no check on their temper if exposed to provocation— real or imaginary—is very deplorable. There is nothing which policemen should guard against with more circumspection than the inconsiderate use of their truncheons, and if the cases appear isolated ones in which such abuses occur, it is not the less incumbent upon the administrators of the law to check them, and to interpose what checks they may. The second case is one in which a policeman took a man into custody on the charge of " interfering with him in the execution of his duty ;" and yet it was proved that the defendant had only remon strated with him for pushing a woman fiercely along. In consequence of this affront the policeman be haved in the most violent and abusive manner, and fiercely took him into custody. In this instance, also, the magistrate affirmed that the policeman had " lost.his temper," and all he did to mark his sense of the aggravated offence was to discharge the pri soner. Another case was brought forward, in which three policemen were detected drinking in a public house, and the magistrate observed that the commis sioners had fined or:would fine them for the offence. If such grave derelictions from duty as these cases just cited are to be passed over sub silentio, as it were, on the part of the authorities, it is time that in quiries should be made into the matter. It is an insult to the common sense and the right feeling of the community that loss of temper should condone grave interference with personal liberty, and savage attacks on old and defenceless persons. Such an interpretation of the law will not do, especially as applied to those who ought to be its guardians and protectors. There is but one remark to make in sucl a case, and that is, that those whose infirmity of temper engenders want of self-control and proper respect for the decencies of society, have no business to take a responsible office upon them, and should be dismissed from the performance of duties so ill performed for the interests of society and their own credit. The Weather and Crops. PERTHSHIRE.—There was not much done to harvesting last week, but with favourable weather there will be a good deal of cutting this week. Barley, where reaped, is under an average, but looks better in stook than was expected. As a whole, however, it is light. Oats, excepting where after lea or on superior soils, is to be a light in-gathering. Wheat is a good crop, and will be a fine sample. There have not been so many sales of growing crops this year as formerly. Prices have been various, and there is no doubt but the expected deficiency in straw has tended to raise the rate. The average for oats seems to be about is per pole, and about 9id. for barley. The potato disease has shown itself unmistakeably on the haulms or shaws of the potato crop, and the recent moisture may have a ten dency to develope the blight. As yet it has not affected the tubers. STIRLINGSIFIRE.—The state of the crops has, from the very heavy rains which have fallen for some days past, been by no means satisfactory, a good deal of the wheat and other fields having been laid. Yesterday an immense quantity of heavy rain fell, accompanied by hail showers and some peals of thunder and lightning, which continued in the afternoon. KELso.—For the last few days the weather in this dis trict has been very unsettled. Rain began to fall heavily on Friday, and since then it has continued with little or no intermission, very copious showers having occurred on the evenings of Saturday and Sunday, as well as yesterday morning and afternoon. Harvest operations, which were expected to be general yesterday, have in consequence been somewhat retarded ; while in many fields the grain crops have been so laid by the excessive moisture as to make their reaping a work of considerable difficulty. Already a great many fields have been cut, principally in low-lying localities, and on the haugh-lands of the Tweed ; but, should more favourable weather not set in soon, fears are entertained that " sprouting" may begin among the stooks. While the rain has been unwelcome to the cereal crops, it has had a beneficial effect upon turnips and pas tures, both of which have greatly improved within the last 10 days. KELSO.-SHEARERS' HIRING MARKETS.—A shearers' hiring market was held yesterday morning. The attend ance of hands seeking employment was limited, nearly the whole of the large bodies of Irish reapers who poured into town last week having previously secured places. The demand being greater than the supply all were readily engaged, at wages ruling from IGs. to 18s. per week. THE HARVEST AND THE CROPS IN YORKSHIRE.—During the summer there has been much speculation and much difference of opinion upon the probable results of the pre sent harvest, and the effect which two remarkably dry seasons would produce. The questions are now settled with tolerable certainty, and so far as the produce of the land is concerned, the farmer can form a pretty correct idea of his position to face the winter ; the harvest now being general, and with a continuance of fine weather, it will be short, for all the corn is ripe together. The wheat crop, owing to the early ploughings of the clover and bad turnip lands last autumn, is somewhat wider than usual. On strong, deep-soiled land there is no fault to be found with it, but on wold lands, light sand, and peats, it is short in the straw, and light on the ground and in the ear. The oat crop has suffered very greatly from the droughty sea son, and it is generally light in the ear and very short in the straw. This grain is also somewhat affected by disease. The amount of both corn and fodder for the winter will be considerably below the average, but it is thought the quantity of the grain will be tolerably good. The barley crop is decidedly the best. The straw is shortest, but healthy, and it is generally believed there will be an aver age yield of good quality. So far as our correspondent has observed the disease which has attacked the wheat and oat crop has not damaged the barley. Rye is only sparingly grown, and the crops are said to be very good. The crop was ripe and cut before the wheat disease became of much moment. The green crops are a general failure. ANOTHER STRIKE AT MESSRS. CUBITTS'.—A large number of labourers and excavators are employed by Messrs. Cubitts' firm on work connected with the vari ous contracts they have now in hand, to whom they have been paying the sum of 44d. per hour, the hours of work ing being the same as those of the skilful mechanics, 564 hours per week, making the wages of these labourers .fl ls. 21d. per week. Last week a memorial was sent to the firm from the labourers and excavators, requesting that their wages should be advanced 4d. per hour, or from 44d. to sd. per hour. The firm refused to give the advance of 4d., but offered to give the men id. per hour advance. This offer having been considered by tho men they refused it, and the firm having declined to pay the /d. the whole of the labourers and excavators employed at the Liverpool street railway station struck work yesterday. The same class of men employed at all the other works of the firm have given notice that they intend adopting the same course unless the id. advance is at once conceded. It is probable, therefore, that before the end of the week about 1,000 men employed by the firm will be on strike. Printed bills have been issued by the men "to all labourers and excavators," setting forth the step they have taken, and requesting them to keep away from Messrs. Cubitts' works until the dispute is settled. HARROGATE. —After an unusually dull early sea son, Harrogate is now well filled with fashionable com pany. Besides the Earl of Warwick, the Earl of Kenmare, and other noblemen, the influx of aristocratic and fashion able visitors has been large within the last few days. The nightly concerts of the Cheltenham Rooms—a very good index of the state of this fashionable watering-place —wer e seldom better attended than they have been during the past fortnight. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT EASTERN AT CROOKHAVEN. FAILURE OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH EXPEDITION. CROOKHAVEN, AUGUST 17. The Great Eastern arrived off here this morning, and furnishes the following particulars of the ope rations for laying the Atlantic Telegraph Cable, which, it will be seen, have failed. The Great Eastern sailed from Valentia, after making the splice with the shore end, on the 23d of July, and continued on her voyage to lat. 51 52, long. 39 6, being 1,063 miles from Valentia, and 600 miles from Heart's Content, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. She had then paid out 1,212 miles of cable, when it parted on the 2d of August, at 12 , 35 p.m., in soundings of 3,900 yards, under the following circumstances : A partial loss of insulation having been dis covered, the Great Eastern was stopped to recover that portion of the cable in which the fault lay, electrical tests placing it probably within six miles. The cable was passed from the stern to the bow of the ship for this purpose, and after getting in two miles of cable, the fault being still overboard, the cable broke about ten yards in board of the wheel at the bow, having been injured by chafing on the stern of the ship. Two previous faults had been discovered, the first in soundings of about 1,000 yards, and the second in about 4,100 yards, and had been successfully recovered and made good ; in the'first case ten miles, and in the second 2f miles of cable were hauled in. After the cable parted a grapnel, with 2i nautical miles of rope,was lowered down, the ship being placed so as to drift over the line of cable. The cable was hooked on the 3d, and when 2,200 yards of the rope had been hauled in a swivel in the latter gave way, and 2,800 yards of rope were lost, the cable having been lifted 1,200 yards from the bottom. On the 4th, a buoy with a flag and ball was moored, with 500 yards of rope to mark the place. It is in lat. 51 deg. 35 min., long. 38 deg. 42 min. 30 sec. From the 4th fogs and adverse winds pre vented a further attempt until the 7th, which was then made nearer the end of the cable, and was un successful from the same cause, when the cable had been lifted about 1,000 yards. Another buoy was here placed in lat. 51 deg. 28 min. 30 sec., long. 38 deg. 56 min. 9 sec. A third attempt was made on the 10th, which failed on account of the grapnel chain having fouled the flukes of the grapneL The grapnel and last 800 yards of rope came up covered with ooze. A fourth attempt was made on the 11th at 3 p.m., which also failed through the breaking of the grap nel rope when the cable had been raised 600 yards from the bottom. The stock of rope having now become exhausted, it became absolutely necessary to proceed to Eng land for more and stronger tackle. The practical conclusions unanimously arrived at by those engaged in various capacities in the expe dition are as follow : Ist, That the steamship Great Eastern, from her size and consequent steadiness, together with the better control obtained over her by having both the paddles and screw, render it possible and safe to lay an Atlantic telegraph cable in any weather. 2d, That the paying-out machinery constructed for the purpose by Messrs. S. Canping and Clifford worked perfectly, and can be confidently relied on. 3d, That the insulation of the gutta percha covered conductor improved when submerged to more than double what it had been before starting, and has proved itself to be the best insulated cable ever manufactured, and many times higher than the standard required by the contract. The cause of the two faults which were reco vered was in each case a perforation of the guttz percha through to the proper conductor by a piece of iron wire found sticking in the cable. Electri cally, the third fault was analogous to the first. The difficulty may be provided against in future. Fourthly, that nothing has occurred to create the least doubt in the minds of those engaged in the expedition of the practicability of successful lay ing and working an Atlantic telegraph cable, but, on the contrary, their confidence has been largely increased by the confidencepbtained on this voyage. Fifthly, that the Great Eastern steamship, supplied with sufficiently strong tackle and hauling-in ma chinery for a depth of 4,000 to 5,000 yards, there is little or no doubt of the possibility of recovering the lost end of the cable, and completing the line already about two-thirds laid. The Great Eastern proceeds direct to Sheerness. All well on board. She reports having parted company with H.M.S. Sphynx a few days after starting. The weather was for the most part very calm, but often foggy and rainy. A stiff breeze blew on two days, but although the sea washed over the Terrible scarcely any motion was observable on board the Great Eastern, her greatest roll being 7i degs., and her greatest pitching 1 to 1+ degs. The cable paid out beautifully, and owing to its diameter and lightness the strain required to prevent too rapid egress never exceeded 14 cwt. Its angle with the horizon during the paying out rarely exceeded 9i degrees. No difficulty whatever was experienced in mooring the buoys in the deepest water, two having been left behind moored with pieces of cable that had been picked up from a depth of two miles. One of them rode out a stiff summer gale, its position after nine days being unchanged. Captain Moriarty's chronometer found the true position of the ship to within a fraction of a mile. The Terrible has sailed for Newfoundland to coal. AME R ICA. SOUTHAMPTON, AuG. 17. The Hamburg and American Company's steamer Teutonia from New York on the sth inst. has ar rived. She brings 206 passengers for this port, Havre, and Hamburg, but no mails. Her news has been anticipated. EGYPT. ALEXANDRIA, Aua. 16. The Emperor Napoleon's fete day was celebrated here with considerable enthusiasm. A large crowd followed the French Consul to the church, where the Te Deum was sung. A banquet was given yesterday evening at the French Consulate, at which the principal French residents in Alexandria were present. FRANCE• BOURSE, Aug. 16.--Two o'clock.—The market is much stronger, and hitherto the rise is greater for the day than expected by the most optimist, especi ally as regards the Shares of the North of Spain Railway, which have advanced more than fifty francs--viz., to 252 fr. 50c. Threes, for the Ac count, are doing at 68fr, 10c., with an advance of 15c. on Monday's closing quotations. Credit Mobilier are at 792 fr. 50c., with an advance of 22fr. 50c. Immobiliere have improved Bfr. 75c.—to 515 fr. Discounting still continues, and the list to-day shows 27,000 Three per cent. (revenue, not Stock), 1,775 Credit Mobilier Shares, and 1,525 North of Spain. Three o'clock.—The market has been most buoyant, and the closing prices show a further advance, with the exception of Mexican, which after being done at 48 closed at 47i without any variation. The last quotations are as follows: 41- per Cents 97 30 Do. end month — 3 per Cents. 6B 02} Do. end month 6B 20 Credit Mobilier Do. end month Bank Shares 3610 Ditto Threos — Mexican Loan 47 75 Do. Bonds Russian Austrian Spanish Threes Rome Debt Credit Foncier — Italian Loan 65 Do. end month 65 05 Deferred Roman — Amt. - - 852 50 - - 1072 50 - ... 858 75 - - ... 566 25 526 25 270 - RAILWAYS. Cash. Orleans Northern Lyons and Mediterranean Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona Roman 408 75 487 50 - - ... 250 - - - ... 322 50 --- - ... 220 - SPAIN. MADRID, AUG. 16. The King leaves to-morrow for Zarauz. CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. SUEZ, AUG. 17. The Simla with the above mails reached Suez at 4 a.m. this day (Thursday). THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. PLYMOUTH, Wednesday. The Union Company's steamer, Cambrian, arrived here to-day, from the Cape on the 14th ult., St. Helena on the 22d, and Ascension on the 26th. She brings 21 passengers. Hostilities had broken out between the burghers of the Orange Free State and the Basuto chief, Moshesh. Since the settlement of the boundary line, the Boers, by their overbearing tone and harsh con duct, had irritated the Basutos and provoked hosti lities. Demands were made upon Moshesh and his son, Mollappo, which were considered to be unrea sonable. These demands were disregarded, and the immediate result was the proclamation of war by the Boers. The Basutos were prepared, and, not waiting to be attacked, became the assailants, and by their inroads upon the Free State one of its dis tricts had already become devastated. Ever, farm house in the neighbourhood of Smithfield had been burnt down and many Boers were killed. A large body of Basutos were within 5 miles of Snithfield town, which, if attacked by them, was expected to fall into their hands. 100,000 sheep and large droves of horned cattle had been captured by the Basutos and driven across Caledon into Basutoland. Though war had been deliberately proclaimed the inhabitants of the Free State seemed ill prepared for a severe struggle. Moshesh was said to be able to summon 20,000 warriors, and, if defeated, could collect his tribes in the comparatively inaccessible ravines of the Maluti range of mountains, not far behind his capital, Thaba Bosis, where, from the nature of the ground, he might bid defiance to any force brought against him, and, watching his op portunity, send forth guerilla bands to retaliate upon his enemies. Moshesh had issued a mani festo giving his version of the quarrel. He throws the whole blame upon the Boers, and pro mised to give strict orders that if the victory were given to him no Englishmen who remained on their farms in the Free State should be molested, and that their property should be respected. He did not wish to fight with the Queen or any of her Majesty's subjects, but only to protect his people from the aggressions of the Free State Government. Upon the proclamation of war by the Boers reach ing Cape Town the governor warned the colonists against taking any part in the struggle. A body of Basutos, under David Masoefa, son of Moshesh, had murdered all the men and male children of a tribe of bastard half-castes under a flag of truce, taking away a large number of women. They left 67 women and the female children without food or clothing. The Basutos had shown the same spirit to the Boers, massacring all the men and male children who were captured. The President of Transvaal had urged his men to proceed to the assistance of the Free State, and a great many were going, together with a large num ber of Dutch farmers from Cape Colony. The night before the Cambrian left an express had arrived stating that the Basutos had invaded Natal, and that the British troops had been moved to the frontier, The latest news received from the Free State announced that the Boers had routed a large body of Basutos, and recovered a considerable quantity of stock. The day before the Cambrian sailed a motion was made in the Legislative Council to assist the Free State. Mr. Wicht said that the Basutos were in the wrong, and it was impossible that the colonists could sit by with their arms folded, and see the inhabitants of the Free State, men with whom they were connected by so many ties, crushed by the combination of the native tribes. He hoped that the principle of non-intervention advocated at home would not be sufficiently powerful to cause this. Mr. Wood said that the amount due from the Free State to the colony was not less than £2,000,000. There was not a bank, he said, which was not more or less involved in the consequences of the war by its transactions. Mr. Godlonton thought they must be compelled to grant that the Free State Government was justi fied by the circumstances in going to war. He had no hesitation in saying that the proclamation of Moshesh was one of the most transparent produc tions that had ever been cooked up. If necessary, aid should be given to the Free States, whether Dutch cr English, for it was not in accordance with the traditions of the race to see their brethren crushed without going to their assistance. The war had arisen, he said, from the mismanagement of the Colonial Government. He would, however, move an adjournment of the debate to the 17th, as further information might then be in possession of the Government. This motion was then carried. The annexation and Representation Bill had been introduced by the Government, and had met with a determined opposition from the Eastern members, who claimed equality of representation for the east and west provinces. A resolution in favour of that equality had been carried by a majority of one. The Diamond Company's steamer Eastern Pro vince was wrecked on June 24, within 18 miles of l'Aguilas, on a voyage from Algoa Bay to Table Bay, through a change in the variation of the com pass. The wreck had been sold for £2,500. The barque Fleetwood, from Glasgow to Mauritius, was wrecked off Dassen Island, on June 20. No lives were lost in either ease. Five thousand pounds had been raised in the colony for the relief of the sufferers from the late terrible gale in Table Bay. The wool season had been late, and the know ledge of an unsound position of affairs at Port Elizabeth had caused a comparatively small amount to be offered on the market. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—We are informed that some of the shareholders of that company are uneasy at the mode in.which the plan of removing the works to Oxford is to be carried out. The site chosen is a swampy piece of ground, which, for some part of the year is under water. It is proposed to take gravel out of the river, and to use it far the purpose of raisingtho ground four feet, and so bringing the surface above water. This will be expensive. And as the water must percolate through the gravel the ground will be damp and the buildings subject to decay. This will render a further outlay necessary after very few years. The extension of the Chatham and Dover Rail way crossing Ludgate-hill to Smithfield was this morning officially inspected by Colonel Yolland of the Board of Trade. The gallant officer expressed his satis faction at the manner in which the works had been carried otit. LITERATURE. How we are Governed. By Albany Fonblanque, Junior. Popular edition. Pp. 214. Frederick Warne and Company. The selections already made by Mr. Frederick Warne—from among all his many choice and valu able copyrights—of those works which are entitled, according to his estimate of their merits, to the honours of a popular reissue, augur IN ell, to our thinking, for the prosperity of his house among the ranks of our London publishers. They indicate a soundness of judgment and a tact in discrimina tion that are alone to be acquired through the me dium of a lengthened and varied experience. The present handy republication of Mr. Albany Fonblanque's masterly little treatise upon " The Crown, the Senate, and the Bench," ' or, in other words, upon the ' general orga nization of the Government of the Country, will serve of itself to illustrate the judicious character of the selections here alluded to. How we are Governed we have always regarded, from the date of its ori ginal appearance some few years since, as a work so sound in its information, so lucid in its arrange ment, and so very suggestive to the reader of yet further inquiry in regard to the important matters upon which it treats, that it might be judiciously adopted as a class-book in the elementary academies throughout the United Kingdom. It is an exposition, in the compactest form possible, of the whole of the complex machinery of our institutions. It is an epitome, so to speak, of the History of our Country—or, at any rate, of the fruits of the History of our Country—downwards or up wards, however we may like to express it, from the remotest epoch to now-a-days, from the Heptarchy to Lord Palmerston, from the first year of the reign of Boadicea to the twenty-eighth of the reign of Victoria. It sets before us, at a glance, in rapid succession, everything of importance worthy of note in regard to the Sovereign, the Court, and the Cabinet—in regard to the two Houses of the Legislature—in regard to the Church, the Army, and the Navy—in reference to the Bench and the Bar, the Courts of Law and Equity and their Pro cedure, and, together with all this, includes a mass of other and, kindred matters of vital im port to the community. The Popular Edition of this . equally instructive and entertaining work, now issued from the press as a shilling book by Messrs. Frederick Warne and Co.—being there by brought within reach of even the humbler class of thoughtful Englishmen, of the artizans and of the cottagers—has, we observe, been revised throughout, and brought down in its facts to a level with the present date, by W. A. Holdsworth. The success it has already achieved, ought, as it appears to us, under these circumstances, to be very speedily doubled, if not even quadrupled. Simply regarding the little work as an introduction to Creasy's more elaborate treatise on the Constitution —it is as the acorn is to the oak —or, in other words, as Pinnock, Corner, and Goldsmith might be, when all put together, as compared with Hume, with Lingard, or with Macaulay. Warne's Companion Library. Rutledge The Sutherlands Christine. Three Novels by the Author of " Frank Warrington." Frederick Warne and Co. Daintily fluttering from the press in all the colours of the rainbow—like so many butterflies of light literature—we have here three charming stories by a very popular writer as the first instalments of the Messrs. Warne and Co.'s COMPANION LIB RARY. So much that is trivial has been issued be fore now in the form of cheap railway volumes of a similar character in their external appearance, that it is really a matter of justice and fairplay alike to printer and to the publisher of these three radiant little stories to remark, in regard to the latter —that is, in regard to the stories themselves— that they belong to a higher category among the popular fictions of the day than the majority of the tales provided for the entertainment of railway travellers. Rutledge, The Sutherlands, and for that matter even Christine, each of these externally attractive little volumes comes to us freighted with intrinsic excellences auguring very favourably, indeed, for the futuredevelopment of the Companion Library thus inaugurated. Fraser's Magazine. An unusually good number of Fraser presents us with a very varied table of contents. First and foremost comes an article especially addressed to the politician—an essay on Parliamentary Reform. It is very well worth reading, if only for its careful recapitulation and analyses of the various rival schemes which have been suggested. The subject is, in fact, in some respects more difficult to deal with now than in the old days prior to 1832, since there were then glaring abuses that admitted only of simple and direct treatment whereas now there are a multitude of remedies suggested, many of which are purely experimental. The writer of the present treatise fully accepts Lord Grey's recommendation that Parliament should proceed not by bill but by resolutions. By this means he asserts the relative strength of parties would be tested at the outset, and definite principles of legislation laid down upon which a comprehensive and enduring Reform Bill might be easily framed. Whereas the two conflicting elements of cautious and wholesale reformers cannot, he believes, pos sibly work together without some such assured basis. The writer has evidently considered his subject very fully and fairly, and while the reader may pro bably differ :from his views, he will readily admit the candour and moderation as well as the ability with which those views are enforced by argument. " Shirley," always a welcome contri butor, vindicates the memory of Dryden from the charges rashly brought‘and but feebly sustained against him. " John Dryden," says the writer of this essay, " stands in the foremost rank of English satirists. He is the most forcible and masculine of English_ poets. For sheer downright intellectual strength we must seek his fellow among the great philosophers and divines—not among poets." He goes on to say that Dryden might lack the finer and more delicate gifts of the imagination, but that even in his infirmities he was no unworthy repre sentative of English character, " unideal yet manly, sagacious, affectionate, indifferently honest." He admits that none of his principles were deeply rooted, and that he never found timeqo mature his convictions, but he declares his nature to have been robust and generous, amiable and impulsive, frank and forgiving. It is unfair, urges the advocate on the part of Dryden's severest antagonist, the gifted but not always impartial Macaulay, to single out Dry den alone as censurable for the political violence and party hatred of the age. Most especially " Shirley" defends his client from the charge so determinately brought against him by the great historian of an insincere conversion. In conclusion, he observes that in John Dryden's life neither the heroic con stancy of the martyr nor the loftiness of the idealist have any place. But it is the life of a great man who descended into the arena, who mixed with the crowd, and drudged painfully for daily bread, and who in an unhappy age was forced to keep body and soul together as he best might. That an evil life had destroyed his manliness, his sincerity, his kindly heart or natural generosity, he utterly refuses to believe. An article on " Her Majesty's Court of Probate" gives very entertaining illustra tions of some of the eccentricities of will-making. The first part of a paper of reminiscences of the Court and Times of Paul I. of Russia, is inte resting from its having been actually written by a member of that court, a Russian general, who was of course behind the scenes. He writes English re markably well for a foreigner, and gives an animated description of the consternation excited among the Russian officers when Paul came to the throne and insisted on remodelling the Imperial army after the prim Prussian fashion, which had so greatly capti vated him when travelling in his youth. An article on " Public Virtue and Lord Westbury," seeks to extenuate the errors of the late Chancellor, by showing how much worse some of the proceedings of his predecessors had been ; but the examples which are cited would hardly be tolerated in the present day. A sketch by the author of " Paul Ferroll," entitled " From an Old Gentleman's Diary," is pleasantly written ; and th e s t ory o f " Gilbert Rugge " is continued with interest. A criticism on Miss Kate Terry's performance of Viola shows a nice appreciation of the lights and shades of the character and of the piece. 4 P-V - ; di ll 1 1 • Ntr /A lb s en dit ) 1 4 -0 AVAAP 101 Ar. ,The Queen's Visit to Germany. The Queen and Royal family have driven out daily in the neighbourhood of the Rosenau. On Saturday their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Coburg and Prince Alfred dined with her Majesty, The Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch and Ladies Scott have gone to Boughton House, Northamptonshire. Viscount and Viscountess Camden have left town on a tour of visits in Scotland. Lord Abinger arrived a few days ago at his seat in the North of Scotland for the shooting season. Baroness de Cliffotd is expected to return to town early in the ensuing month from a tour in Germany. The marriage of Lady Louisa Cavendish, only daughter of the Duke of Devonshire, with Captain the lion. Francis Egerton, R.N., is to take place at Holkar Hall, near Milnethorpe, and not at Chatsworth, as stated in a contemporary. The Proposed Russian Telegraphic Line to America, The St. Petersburg Journal publishes the follow ing, which it has copied from the Poste du Nord:— " The I oste du Nord gives some curious details respecting the construction of the telegraphic line which will connect Europe with America, passing through Russian territory. As far back as 1854 different companies made proposals to the Russian Government to undertake the work, but they were declined. The Government, at its own expense, ordered the construction of a line which passes from Moscow, by Kazan and Irkoutsk, to Verchneou dinsk, with a branch line to Kiachta. To continue this line to Nicolaieffsk, at the mouth of the Amour, there remains but little to be done, and then the works can be commenced which have been under taken by an American company with a capital of $10,000,000. According to the terms of the con tract between the Russian Government and this company, a telegraphic line is to be completed within five years, passing through the Behring Straits, the Russian possessions in America, and English Co lumbia, to San Francisco, where it would join the American line. The conditions agreed to by the company are most advantageous to the company. The privileges of the company for the line between Nicolaieffsk and the American lines is only for 35 years. The company undertakes to erect at its own cost, along the whole line, roads, bridges, and stations. As regards the latter, it reserves to itself the right of occupying them, as also the block houses of the company, should circumstances render such a step necessary. All the servants of the company upon Russian territory are to be of Russian na tionality." LAVOISIER. This honoured name has once more appeared before the public in connection with science. Though he who owned it has long since passed away, the lustre of his reputation dims not, but the rather beams more radiantly. Though dead, he yet lives among us in his works—works in which his far forthlookiug mind stepped beyond his day—works, too, some of which have only now revealed results reached by him, which have been but recently attained by fol lowers in his footsteps. Only last week the French Aca demy of Sciences received, at the hands of M. Dumas, the third volume of his edition of Lavoisier's works. Un doubtedly this father of modern Chemistry and one of the most illustrious victims of the Revolution of 1793, foresaw many of the great facts since discovered by modern science, although he could command but few of the many resources we now possess. This third volume of his works is com posed chiefly of those among his papers which remained unpublished. It contains a hitherto unedited paper on fermentation, of which it is said with truth that Lavoisier gave the first rational explanation. He determined the amounts of carbonic acid and alcohol produced in the fer mentation of sugar. Lavoisier appears to have bestowed very great attention upon this subject, and from his ana lyses he seems to have drawn the conclusion that sugar must be regarded as a compound of carbon and water. This idea was published by Gay-Lussac and Thenard, who were not aware that Lavoisier 'had previously discovered it. It further appears that Lavoisier must be regarded as the father of organic analysis. Ho burnt sugar by means of oxido of mercury, and collected the carbonic acid in a weighed flask of potash. Another paper, the first he over wrote on a matter of public interest, obtained a prize from the Academy of Sciences. The subjeCt, which was proposed by M. de Sartinea, Lieutenant de Police, is the best method of lighting towns. At that time Paris was lighted in a very different manner to that adopted in the present day; its 30,000 gas-burners were then represented by 6,600 candles. But, notwithstanding all our modern improvements, it can not be denied that Lavoisier laid down the true principles of street lighting 80 years ago when he proposed numerous reflectors at low elevations. Lighthouses also formed a sub ject of investigation with Lavoisier, and to him we are in debted for their true definition and the best rules for thoir construction. It is a singular fact, too, that it occurred to the same mind to propose a plan for dispensing with chan deliers in theatres,which were to be illuminated by causing the light to pass through a glass roof. This plan has only racently been carried into effect in some theatres. Nor was the genius of Lavoisior fettered within the bounds of physical science. It could rove far beyond them and not lose its way ; it could depart widely from them and yet hold its own. So we find him at home on questions of social science, writing highly valuable papers and reports on pri sons. He, too, recognised and insisted upon the removal of slaughterhouses from the centre of Paris, and he called attention to the selection of a new site for the Hotel Dieu. In an elaborate report on Mesmer's animal magnetism he condemned the whole system. At his instigation and under his advice, the Academy appointed a commission to exa mine into the question of Montgolfieres and Charlieres— a question we have but recently discussed. The results of the labours of this commission were, in the first place, the adoption of means whereby the materials of which balloons were constructed was made airtight, as in the present day, and, in the next place, the proposition to use the gas ex tracted from pit-coal as the best. Its illuminating proper ties had not then been applied to any practical purposes. In 1776 an intense degree of cold was experienced, which afforded Lavoisier the opportunity of making important experiments with the thermometer, of which he availed himself. He invented a special thermometer for the sole purpose of ascertaining whether the temperature of the cellars of the Observatory of Paris was constant or not. This thermometer is still there, in the very place where LavoiSier with his own hands fixed it. It is a gigantic instrument, the object of which was to exhibit varia tions of temperature, however slight. Some idea of its size may be obtained from tho fact that each degree is represented on the scale by a space of four inches. M. Le Verrier, the imperial astronomer, states that the indi cations of this instrument do not agree with those of others. He therefore proposes that another instrument should be constructed on the same scale, that the discrepancy may be corrected. This is one of a few practical remains of Lavoisier's labours. He was not only a chemist, but a worker in almost every branch of physical science, and this last volume shows more plainly than ever how much was lost to science which that great philosopher suffered on the scaffold—suffered for no crime of his own, but for the cir cumstance of his representing an obnoxious system during the Reign of Terror.—Mechanies' Magazine. ANTIQUITY OF MAN.—We lately gave an account of a communication presented to the Academy of Science by M. de Vibraye, in which he adduces reasons for not admitting the flints of Persigny-le-Grand to be the remains of a great gun flint manufactory, and for adopting, on the contrary, the opinion that a great manfactory of flint implements existed on the spot at a time not far re mote from the quaternary period. Last week M. E. Robert took up the subject again in a paper addressed to the Academy of Sciences, beginning with some remarks about the quarries of St. Prest, near Chartres, where a large number of bones of the elephant, rhinoceros, and other pachydermata had been found. Ile states that, after a minute examination, he has been unable to find on these bones the slightest mark, except such as. had been pro duced by the stroke of the pickaxe or shovel in bringing them out. Some, indeed, might have been caused by the violent rolling of pyromachous flints over them. The bones moreover had not been found in a sandy, but in a pebbly soil ; and our author expresses surprise at finding the ground, and certain caverns at Leves, nearly covered or filled with the above-mentioned flints, all agglutinated together with a kind of reddish clay, containing much hydrate of manganese. M. Robert contends that all the supposed marks of instruments observed on fossil bones must have been produced by the rolling of broken flints driven forwards by the elements. Ho seems to forget,how ever, that some of those marks were actually representa tions of animals, and other visible and well-known objects. But on the other hand, returning to the subject of Pres signy-le-Grand, he declares as before that the fragments of flint found there are not by any means instruments made by the savage ancestors of the Celts, but are the refuse left there after fruitless attempts had been made to get good gun-flints oat of the particularly quality of flint so abund ant there. As this quality did not answer the expectations of the workmen, they desisted, and went to the neighbour ing departments to find a sort of stone more applicable to their purpose. f .~: rHE SUN, LON DON, TB OR SDA Y EVE ING, AUG UST 17, 1865. "g_