The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-15 00:00:00

a:* 4 44 . 14 W it ‘ „...,e.. - 4 , ..A ti ,..04-444%)., 4." LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 15, 1865. The intelligence brought by the Australasian is by far the most startling and important that we have received for some time. The great battle so long looked for has come at last, and has resulted in the decisive victory of the Federals, in the evacuation of the Confederate capital and Petersburg, and, as a natural consequence, in heavy losses on both sides. As might have been expected, the rejoicings in the North were enthusiastic. In New York businest was almost suspended, while the courts adjourned, the church bells rung, and the chief members of the Government addressed the crowds in the streets. As might have been anticipated, as a necessary con sequence of Northern success, the speakers indulged in violent denunciations of their opponents, threats of hanging the Southern PRESIDENT if they caught him, and impertinence towards England, but some allowance must be made for the excitement of the occasion. It is certainly not in New York that we should look for moderation or magnanimity after success, and a success it undoubtedly is, even though the evacuation of Richmond was said to have been resolved upon some time since. But the friends of the South cannot hesitate to admit that LEE would have held his position, at least, for the present had not the fortune of the day gone against him in this encounter. It is necessary, however, on this occa sion, as on most others, to remember that the news comes to us through New York, and that GRANT'S estimate of his own loss at 700, instead of 7,000, may be taken as a fair estimate of the manner in which the intelligence is conveyed to us. An exaggeration of the losses of their opponents, and a depreciation of their own has always been the favourite system of the North, and it is not likely that they would not add a little embroidery to the facts on this occasion. The struggle, it appears, lasted for three days, beginning on Friday, the 31st ult., to the south west of Petersburg, continuing with great fury until Saturday afternoon, when SHERIDAN succeeded in turning the Confederate right on the South Side Railway, and captured many prisoners and cannon. The next morning GRANT ordered a general ad vance, and the battle lasted throughout the day. During the night the Confederates evacuated the city without their knoledge, and on GRANT making the discovery in the morning he despatched the greater part of his army in pursuit. At the same time General WErrzEL discovered that Richmond had also been evacuated and occupied that city. It is said, however, by non-offi cial accounts that the abandonment of Richmond was commenced on the previous Sunday, the 26th, so that LEE would have had time to remove all the valuable property, the war material, &c. It is worth notice, as confirmatory of this, that WEITZEL only mentions capturing cannon and railway stock, so that we may fairly suppose that nothing of greater value came into his hands. A fire broke out in Richmond which was extinguished, but how it it was occasioned, whether by the retreating Confederates or by the advancing Federals, is un certain. At any rate, it is a matter of congratula tion to both sides that the city has been spared. The latest despatches received from GRANT up to noon, April 5, report that he was still pushing forward in the hope of overtaking LEE, who is.believed to be north of the Appottomax retreating towards Lynch burg. He will continue the pursuit, he says, as long as he thinks there is any use in it, but General Lee must have forgotten his ability as a military tactician if he suffers him to succeed. The greater part of the success appears to have been owing to SHERIDAN, who is said to have displayed great generalship. The districts surrounding Petersburg and Richmond are full of wounded soldiers, every house being turned into an hospital. The loss of life, the suffer ing, and domestic wretchedness entailed by such a struggle are fearful to contemplate ; and, after all the excitement, and 'rejoicing, and mortification, the dispassionate on-looker may well ask what is gained? The subjugation of the Southern people is as far off as ever, and the prospect of holding in military subjection an assembly of states, every one of which is as large as a European kingdom, may well startle even Yankee temerity. But the point is not yet gained, and, despite this great reverse, the triumph of the Northern arms is not yet assured. LEE will now be able to carry out his threat of carrying the war into the enemy's country,. although his pro ceedings will necessarily be delayed by the loss of his men. The Virginian slaveowners have been taught a severe lesson, but one which we always foresaw they would have to learn if they persisted in with holding their slaves from the national cause. The Federal Negro Recruiting Commission has been removed from Washington to Richmond, in order to organise the negro recruiting in Virginia, so that those slaveowners who refused to take the compen sation offered by their own Government will have their negroes drilled for the Federal armies without their consent being asked or their loss being paid for. This is a trouble with which English men will not be very ready to sympathise, as, independently of their persistence in maintaining slavery, their lack of patriotism richly deserves the punishment. DAVlS'Sylain speaking has been only too well justified by the event, and the Senate may perhaps own itself to, have been in the wrong. But there has been a want of unity in the Southern councils for some time past, and Northern gold and influence have been busily at work. The languid support to the measures proposed by the Government, the opposi tions, the delays, the jealousies, the selfishness, have all militated against the Southern cause ; and FooTE, we fear, was not the only Senator whose sympathies were in the North. The great origin of the present reverses was undoubtedly the mistaken line of action pursued after the fall of Atlanta. DAVIS committed an error in superseding JoHN STONE by HOOD, and a still greater error if he was the author of the scheme in despatching the army into Tennessee instead of uniting every force and straining every nerve to arrest the progress of SHER MAN. All these mistakes have been bitterlypaid for, and the result is that after many months' triumphant resistence to the invaders LEE has been forced to retreat. We must remember, however, that the evacuation of Richmond walevidently resolved upon many days before the battle at Petersburg, and therefore did not depend entirely upon the result of that struggle. Very likely the next mail may bring us some modification of the news as at present given; and since it appears that LEE took with him 2,000 pri soners, by the Northern accounts, the battle could not have been all one way. GRANT has probably lost many more men than we are yet told, and it will be necessary to see what the Confederate accounts say before putting absolute faith in the present version. In the meanwhile, it is in structive to see what turn the thoughts of the Yankees take in the moment of success. Mr. SEWARD, in his speech, was kind enough to inform us that if England would only be just to the United States, Canada would remain undisturbed ! A fair promise, truly. The words imply that Canada is held in terrorem over us, and that, on the first ex cuse, they are ready to invade it. This shows what we may expect from the North, who evidently think that we hold them in wholesome fear, and that the annexation of Canada is only a question of time. Our statesmen had better take care, lest conciliation be mistaken for weakness by a nation which thinks braggadocio to be bravery. Public health is a matter of so much importance that it seems strange more attention is not paid to it on all sides, but people are too apt to let it drop out of mind, and wait until affairs reach a climax before much heed is paid to them. The practice of admitting fever-patients into the wards of work houses is a very bad one, and cannot be too much reprehended. Dr. JEAFFRESON has addressed a letter on the subject to the 7 imes in connection with an inquiry•made into the condition of a patient at St. Giles's workhouse. The purport of this letter is so far satisfactory that we learn that there is ample accommodation for the fever-stricken in the hospital designed for them. It seems then that there is [no valid reason existing why the unfortunate victims to fever should remain in workhouses, where they cannot be properly treated, and where the infection may spread to a great extent. In a subsequent letter Dr. JEAFFRESON has entered more fully into the sub , ject of London Fevers, and all that proceeds from so experienced a judge is well worthy of attentive consideration. We learn from this communication that typhus is certainly on the increase in the me tropolis, and this is in truth a startling announce ment. The number of patients, chiefly sufferers from typhus, who were admitted into the Fever Hospital last year exceeded those of any previous year by a thousand ; yet the first quarter of this year has already exceeded the corresponding one of last year by two thousand. All must agree with the writer of this letter when he affirms that " it is just time that some official investigation were instituted in relation to the history and continued prevalence of so severe an epidemic at our own doors ! It will be difficult to determine the extent of the evils with which we are threatened by the sad revelations here made, and those who are terrifying themselves by the supposed arrival of the Russian epidemic had better look at home, and boldly face real dangers instead of brooding over imaginary ones. Dr. JEAFFRESON states that some localities soon became as familiar to him as house hold words after his installation at the hospital. In searching the back pages of an hospital register he found that the "same courts and identical houses fur nished" sent fever cases when the present epidemic prevailed. An instance is here recorded which proves to what a state things have come. A small row of houses in St. Pancras was assailed by typhus in 1862, and the disease still holds sway there. Thirty cases of typhus have been sent from there, half of which came from one house. Surely these facts attest the importance of an inquiry into the matter, and prove that want of care and attention are the chief causes of this scourge of humanity. Ashby street, in the same parish, is a place which has sent forth scores of patients to the Fever Hospital. Well may Dr. JEAFFRESON inquire, " What is being done to render these spots wholesome ?" The hospital records are sufficiently accurate to furnish information to the medical officers of health, and Dr. JEAFFRESON truly states that they could all get what knowledge they require. In this letter it is said that the best thing to be done is a " firm ad ministration of all sanitary regulations, such as com pelling landlords to adopt suitable measures. If they were obliged to afford abundant supplies of water to the infected houses, and also to clean and lime white them, it would diminish three-fourths of the cases of typhus now existing in London." It does, indeed, seem too bad that, at the present day, when so much knowledge has been gained concerning sanitary affairs, that so much negligence should prevail, and so little account be made of the facts ascertained by observation and experience. It will be well to examine closely into the difficulties that impede the progress of would-be reformers, and militate so greatly against their well-devised efforts to improve the sad state of infected localities. Dr. JEAFFRESON mentions one primary obstacle in the way of the officers of health, and that is the obstructions that they meet with from the vestries which appoint them, and which sometimes go so far as to cut down their salaries in proportion as they make themselves too busy. One case is here mentioned which speaks for itself as to the enormity of the evils that exist, and the difficulties that lie in the way of removing it. One vestrymen owns what is here emphatically styled a " typhus nest," and this is named after him. Thus the " lives of the poor" are in the balance with the " vestried interests" of landlords. The deplorable and disastrous consequences of all this must be obvious to all, and the suggestion of Dr. JEAFFRESON is an admirable one,. which says that it will be a great improvement in sanitary matters when a Bill is passed to give greater facilities to officers of health ; if they possessed more freedom, and were less dependent upon local interests, it would most certainty be a great point gained. The "main hot-beds of typhus " are enumerated in this letter, and it is to be hoped that due attention will be paid to the facts here set forth. It is not likely that anything can be done that will prove effectual in the long-run until some legislative enactments are made, and it is to be hoped that something will be done even before the close of the present session to improve matters. The health of the metropolis is too much at stake, and the vital interests of the community too much involved in this subject to permit of it being any longer ignored in the way it has been so unac countably hitherto. Now, that Dr. JEAFEERSON has come forward with such promptitude and energy, set down the most notable features of the case for our consideration, it will be a most disgraceful thing if the same supineness continues, and the same lethargic course is pursued, which has already slain its thousauds and tens of thousands. As for those who make money by the wretchedness and misery of their fellow creatures there can be but one opinion as to their culpability, but why should the law sanction their conduct, instead of interposing its veto against them ? The condition of many of our crowded courts and alleys is suffi cient to breed pestilence at any time, and it is in cumbent on the authorities to see that those who are willing to make a profit out of such places should be compelled to put them into such a state of repair and such a wholesome condition that their occupants may not inhale poison with the air they breathe, and their habitations may not virtually turn into lazarettos, shunned by all who have any regard for their well-being. This subject is one which must be taken up without further delay, and nothing can excuse any wavering or hesitation when it is certain that the health of the community is involved in the matter. THE BURNING MOUNTAINS IN ERUPTION. -- VESUVIUS, according to the Avvenir of the 2d inst., is now emitting strong columns of flame with greater fierceness than was observed in the first ebullition. The subterranean rambling sound is also louder than before, and everything combines to induce the belief that an erup tion of more or less violence is imminent. However, from conjecture to certainty there is a wide gulf, and so we must hope that this prophecy will have no further fulfilment than that made a month since. Meanwhile, in regard to ETNA, M. Fouque writes, the eruption is most active in the four lowest craters; these throw liquid lava into the air, and emit a nearly colourless smoke ; the three superior craters eject solidified lava and black stones, at the same time pouring out a dense smoke charged with aqueous vapour and brown-coloured ashes. The three higher craters produce every two or three minutes a very loud report, resembling the rolling of thunder ; the four lower craters, on the contrary, send forth a rapid succes sion of ringing sounds, which it is impossible to count. These sounds follow each other without any cessation, and are only to be compared to the noise produced by a series of blows from a hammer falling on an anvil. If the an cients heard these noises in former eruptions, it is easily conceivable how they imagined a forge to exist in the centre of the volcano, with Cyclops for the master-workman. The lava is black, - rich in pyroxene, and strongly attracted by a magnet. Since the commencement of the eruption, the central crater of Etna has emitted white vapours, which continually cover its summit. Several good photographs of the eruption have been taken by M. Berthier, who ac companied. M. Fouque in his explorations, which were by no moans unattended with danger. THE STATE OF EGYPT.—The following is an ex tract from a private letter, dated Cairo,lApril 2 : " Every one knows Egypt is in an exceptional state just now. In consequence of the emergencies of the great American war it has become a vast cotton field, instead of beihg, as in all former times, the granary of the East. This sudden transformation is not unlikely to bring vast political changes with it. Multitudes of the fellahs andsmall holders of land :have been deprived by the present and previous Viceroys of their land on account of its increased value as a cotton producing soil. They are, of course, discontented with the Government, and not well-disposed towards the Franks, for whose sake they known the cotton is grown. In addition to this the murrain among the cattle has dur ing the last two years swept so many away that distant parts required to be scoured in order to provide meat for the Cairo market. When the supplies fail for several days, as has been occasionally the case, meat is only to be had at famine prices, and the scramble before the butchers' shops is a sight not to be forgotten. In one of these scrambles several children were crushed to death in the crowd. In addition, it is a well-known fact that over the whole Mahomedan world just now there are floating rumours and predictions of a coming ascendancy, during which the Crescent is to stand above the Cross, and the faith of the East is to revive again. As the ignorant populace cannot reason or look to the future, they think the shortest way to accomplish these desirable results is, as in Syria and Hindostan, to massacre the Christian populations of the land. The late insurrection in Upper Egypt was partly political, for the reasons assigned above. and also partly religious. The fellah joined with the bedaure. Minieh was the head-quarters of it. An English clergyman, a friend of the writer, who was at Sioot, saw the steamers with soldiers come in only just in time to save the bulk of the Christian population of the place. At the same time that this was going on in Upper Egypt, the population of Cairo were in a most excited state ; 8,000 soldiers were suddenly but quietly introduced into the city, and as soon as the intelligence came that the insurrection at Minieh was put do wn the mind of the people seemed to flow back into its usual sullen, apathetic course again. But who can say how long this is to last, and would it not be advisable that England should, as well as France, increase a little the number of her ships of war at Alexandria and Suez, and let the ruling Powers here know that they would be called strictly to an account for any fatal consequences that might be the result of want of due precaution on their part with regard to the security of the European populatioh of the city ?" THEATRE -ROYAL, DRURY-LANE, Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. EASTER MONDAY Tom Taylor's Play of THE FOOL'S REVENGE. Mr. Phelps ; Messrs. H. Sinclair, A. Rayner, E. Phelps, G. F. Neville, Miss Atkinson. and alrb. Hermann Vezin. After which, on a scale of great s plendour, Milton's Mask of COMUS ac M essr s. Walter Ly, NN ilbye Cooper, Bend Drayton, Miss Poole, Miss Augusta Th o mson, and Mrs. H. Vezin. HEA TR E-R OYA L, HAYMARKET. Lessee. Mr. Buckstone. On EASTER MONDAY, April 17, Mr. Sothern in the New Sensation, TuE WOMAN IN MAUVE. Mr. Buckstone as Mrs. Mary ABlle Beetles. After which, by d es ire, LORD DUNDREARY MARRI ED AND DONE Fait Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. And EASY SAVING. Miss Louise Keeley, Miss F. W r ight ; Nes.rsH. Clark, Gordon, Rogers, Zza. To commence at 7. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.- -..... rroorti.tor and Mani. , z4,, a i. B. +% ariftr4-1. TO-NIGIIT, THE LOVE CHASE. Wildrake (his origi nal character), Mr. B. Webster. Messrs. Billin,gtoa, Ashley, Stephenson. Widow Green .20th Uwe), Mrs. Stirling; Con stance (20tn time), M iss Henrietta Simms; Lyda (her 20tri appearance), Miss Sophie Young. Atter woich, sth time, a new Extravaganza, entitled PAN; or, The Loves of Echo and Narcissus. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, J. Smith, R. Homer, Miss Woolgar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Lillian Bruce, and Miss A. Seam n. To conclude with THE STEEPLLCHASE; or, In the Pigskin. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford ; Mae K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. rechter. On EASTER MONDAY, April 17, SIMPSON AND CO, Messrs. Sam. Emery, C. Horsman, Collett; Mesdames Els worthy, Henradc, E. Boyce, and Mrs. C. Horsman. After which, at hall-past Eight, THE MOUNTEBANK.. Belphegor (the M,untebank), Mr. Fechter; Paul (his son), Master Fechter; supported by Messrs. Widdicomb, Ryder, S. Emery, Fitzpatrick, E. Garden, C. Horsman, Raymond, Moreland; Miss C. Leclercq, Mdlle. Beatrice, and Mrs. C. liorsman. Doors open at Hall-past Six. The Box-office open daily from Elev,n till Five. GRATIS AND POST FRE E. E. MOSES and SONS' New Pamphlet, THE PHILOSOPHY OF DRESS. MOSES AND S 0 N E• respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest fabrics are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. InOSES and SON give particular attention to this impo rtant branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices are such as must satisfy the most economical. This depart ment is in a distinct part of the premises, which will be found a grei.t convenience for ladies and ohildren, MOSES AND SON ' • respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assorted SPitING STOCK. MOSES AND SON'S •"SANDRINGHAM" and " DANISH " WRAPPER 1 utroduced by them) is the newest and most fashion tb:e style of Overcoats for the season. MOSES AN SON'S ED • READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING for all classes and all ages. - L1 MOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, irom 30s. MOSES AND • HOSIERY and DR&PERY, for all classes and all ages. 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ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendisti- otreet, Oxford-etreet. THE LAST EDITION of ' " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published containing all the LATEST NEWS and SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, by IL W. HARRIS, Nesspaper Agent, 4, Blackfriars-road, London, S. fitHE LAST EDITION OF " THE SUN,' Containing the Latest SPOUTING IN TELLIG EA e, Can be had Every Evening of G. ft. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. A PHOTOGRAPHIC CURIOSITY. With a copy of e Ats st PRICE 4D. ; STAMPED, SD. ; is presented GRATIS (with a Supplement) A MINIATURE PHOTOGRAPHED FAC SIMILE of the FRONT PAGE of THE SUN of MONDAY, the 2d January, 1865. *** For the convenience of Subscribers wishing to preserve the Photograph, a suitable frame is pro vided, and may be had at The Sun Office, price is. The Photograph, ON CARD, 6d. ; or mounted in frame, ls. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON:BRIDGE. Tfas DAY.—Morning, 4h. 30m.—Afternoon, 4h. 47m, To-Mounow.-Morning, sh. sm. —Afternoon, sh. 20m. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 15, 1865 LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) AMERICA. EVACUATION OF RICHMOND BY LEE. (Via Crookhaven.) NEW YORK, April 5, 1 p.m. The Federal negro recruiting commission has been removed from Washington to Richmond, in order to organise the negro recruiting in Virginia. Gold, 1508. NEW YORK, April 5, Noon. Official reports from General Grant to President Lincoln, received on Sunday, announced that severe and bloody fighting had been progressing round Richmond during Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. At noon on Monday it was officially announced that Petersburg had been evacuated, and that General Weitzel had occupied Richmond early that morning, finding the city in flames, which he was endeavouring to extinguish. During Sunday Sheridan had torn up the Southside Railroad, and captured three infantry brigades and several bat teries of artillery. Grant has roughly estimated that he captured during the battles 12,000 prisoners and 50 guns. Many guns were also found in Richmond. After the evacuation of Petersburg and the capture of Richmond Grant started towards the Danville Road to cut off Lee's retreat. The latest despatches from Richmond are from Weitzel, of Tuesday's date, simply stating that large quantities of railroad stock have been found there. Early on Tuesday morning Grant telegraphed from Sutherland Station, 10 miles from Petersburg, towards Burkesville, " Sheridan has picked up 1,200 prisoners to-day, and 200 to 300 more have been picked up by my troops." The majority of the arms left in Lee's rear were scattered between Richmond and where his troops are now lying. The retreat was marked with artillery, ammuni tion, burned or charred waggons, caissons, and am bulances. Grant's latest despatches are dated Wilson's Sta tion, Tuesday, and report that his army was pushing forward in the hope of overtaking or dispersing the remainder of Lee's army. Sheridan's cavalry, with the sth corys, was be tween Wilson's station and the Appomattox, Gen. Meade following. All Lee's troops retaining any thing like organisation had gone north of the Appo mattox, apparently heading for Lynchburg. The Confederate losses were very heavy'. Stragglers were found in all directions. The pursuit had been so close thatthe enemy had probably destroyed the greater part cf the transpor tation caissons and munitions of war. It was be lieved that the prisoners taken on Monday would exceed 2,000, and that from March 28 until now Grant's losses in killed, wounded, and captured would not reach 7,000, of whom 1,500 or 2,000 were captured, many of them being slightly wounded. Grant would continue the pursuit as long as there appeared any use in doing so. Correspondents esti mate Lee's losses at 25,000 prisoners, 15,000 killed and wounded, and from 100 to 200 guns. Correspondents concur in stating that the turn ing point in the battles before Richmond was a bloody engagement at Five Forks, which was won by Sheridan turning Lee's right, thus rendering his lines in front of Petersburg untenable, and compel ling the evacuation of Richmond. Sheridan's attempt on Thursday to reach White Oak Road and get in Lee's rear was unsuccessful. On Friday Sheridan, although reinforced by War- ren, was again driven back. On Saturday Sheri- dan assumed the command of Warren's as well as his own corps, and is said to have displayed great generalship, capturing, disabling, and rendering un available fully one-third of Lee's army. The attack along the whole line followed on Sunday, the Confederates being forced back from their entrenchments. Lee retreated during Sunday night. Before evacuating Richmond the Confederates blew up the forts and rams on the James River. Very little property was destroyed at Petersburg, and the fire in Richmond is stated to have been confined to tobacco warehouses and a few public buildings. During Friday, Saturday, and Sunday Lincoln was at City Point. He visited Petersburg on Mon day, and is said to have been in Richmond yesterday in Davis's house. Unprecedented enthusiasm prevails throughout the North. Mr. Seward bas made a speech at Washington, stating that if the people approved it the policy of the United States after the war would be non-inter ference in the domestic affairs of other countries. If England would only be just to the United States Canada would remain undisturbed. Sherman is at Goldsboro. Johnston has made no demonstration since the battle of Bentonville. The Confederates are principally posted on the Goldsboro' and Raleigh Railroad, between Smithfield and Raleigh. They are strongly fortifying Raleigh and Weldon. Some reports state that the Confederates are north of the river. They have an iron-clad ram in the Upper Roanoke River, which is expected shortly to move down to Plymouth into the Sound. The Federal Cavalry, 20,000 strong, is reported to have reached Carlins Station, twenty miles from Bristol, on the 26th ult. It is reported from Lynch burg on the 27th ult. that they had fallen back to Greenville. Stoneman's Cavalry has occupied Boone, North Carolina. Canby arrived at Danby's Mills, ten miles from Mobile, on the 23rd ult. Granger's Corps has moved by land from Navy Cove, and nearly reached Danby's Mills. An engagement between the Monitors and shore batteries was believed to be progressing on the 23rd. Canby's Cavalry was raiding near Montgomery, Alabama. He had cut the Alabama and Florida Railroad. The citizens of Montgomery had not been called upon to defend their city. A Federal transport from - Wilmington with troops and refugees has been burned off Cape Hatteras. More than 500 persons were lost. The Confederates have captured the propeller Talnacent and converted it into a privateer. They have since captured several steamers. General Ortega has arrived at Santa Fe, en route for Washington, to confer with the Federal Govern ment on the present state of things in Mexico. The Royal Mail steamship Australasian, from New York on the sth inst., arrived at Queenstown at 4.30 A.m. to-day (15th April), with 67 passengers. She landed 112 sacks of mails and three passengers, and proceeded for Liverpool at 4.40 a.m. All well. The Australasian experienced easterly winds half way across the Atlantic. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, April 5 (Noon). Money abundant. Gold closed on Saturday at 154, and opened on Monday at 149. It further de clined to 145, but has since recovered, being now quoted 1481. Exchange on London, 161. On Paris, 3 501. Stocks steady : New York Centrals, 881 ; Illinois, 96; Erie, 56 ; 5-20's United States Bonds, 1061. Cotton heavy : Middling Upland, 37. Flour heavy. Wheat very dull. Corn dull. Provisions slightly firmer. Coffee quiet. Sugar dull. Molasses steady. Petroleum quiet ; crude, 33c. ; refined, 52c. (FROM THE TIMES' CORRESPONDENT.) NEW YORK, April 4. General Grant's despatches to Mr. Lincoln state that the Atruggle which commenced to the south west of Petersburg on Friday continued with great fury and varying results until Saturday afternoon, when Sheridan turned the Confederate right at Five Forks Station on the South Side Railway, 10 miles west of Petersburg, and drove it back upon the centre, capturing several thousand prisoners and many cannon. Early on Sunday morning Grant ordered a gene ral advance, while Sheridan continued to press upon the Confederate flank, and after desperate fighting, lasting throughout the day, they succeeded in breaking through the Confederate lines at dif ferent points, and seizing the South Side Railway. The Confederates then retired to their intrenchments immediately abOut Petersburg. During the night they evacuated the city, though the movement was not discovered by Grant until yesterday morning, when he despatched the bulk of his army in pursuit. At about the same time General Weitzel, com manding the troops left by General Ord to hold the Federal works north of the James, discovered that Richmond had also been evacuated, and at 8 15 an nounced to the War Department that he had occu pied the city, capturing many cannon and a large quantity of railway rolling stock. He also stated that the citizens received him with enthusiastic ex pressions of joy. A fire which broke out in the city was speedily extinguished. Non-official accounts state that the abandonment of the city commenced on the 26th, and that on Sunday night the Confederate rams on the James, and the fortifications on the banks of the river, were blown up. Grant reports this morning from Sutherland, 12 miles west of Petersburg, th a t hi s f orces were oc cupied yesterday in collecting Confederate soldiers, who, together with abandoned arms and other war materials, were scattered about the country. No trustworthy accounts of the losses in killed and wounded have yet been received, but they a4e stated to be very heavy on both sides, and include many General and Staff officers. The Federals claim the capture of 12,000 prisoners. CANADA. MONTREAL, April 4. Considerable excitement has been caused here in consequence of a threatened attempt to rescue the St. Alban's raiders. It is said that a letter has been received from Mr. Seward stating that in view of the action of the Canadian Government for conspi racy and breach of neutrality, the United States will not proceed with the demandfor the extradition of the raiders. Further proceedings will, it is stated, take place in Upper Canada as the plots all origi nate there. The St. Albans banks have received the money voted by the Canadian Parliament. THE BARZILS. LISBON, APRIL 14. The Messageries Imperiales steamer Navarre, from the Brazils, arrived here this morning. (By Telegraph from Lisbon.) RIO DE JANEIRO, MARCH 24. Exchange on London, 251 26; on Paris, 3.67 to 3.73. Coffee, good first, 6,600 to 6,700 reis. Ship ments in fortnight, 67,358 bags, of which 19,751 were for the Channel. Sales, 50,000 bags. Stock, 110,000 bags. Freights, 555. 60s. BAHIA, MARCH 29. Exchange on London, 26 to 261. Sugar, 1,800 to 25,000 reis. Cottons, 18,000. PERNAMBUCO, APRIL 1. Exchange on London, 24 to 24f. Sugars, whites, 3,200 to 3,400 reis; browns, 2,250 reis. Cottons, 14,000 to 14,500 reis. The Oneida, with the outward mails, arrived at Pernambuco on the 27th March. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, APRIL 15. Yesterday the law throwing open the navigation of the Danish coasts to those nations reciprocating the concession received the royal sanction. ITALY. TURIN, APRIL 15. The journal // Conte di Cavour of to-day says : " We learn that Signor Vegezzi, formerly Minister of Finance, has left for Rome, having been despatched on a mission. FRANCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAM.) PARIS, APRIL 14, 3 35 p.m. There was but a small attendance at the Bourse to-day, and the transactions were limited. Rentes closed at 67 80, or 10c. lower than yester day. BOURSE, April 14.—The market is weak, and quotations are lower. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f. 80c. Italian Loan, 65f. 95c. Mobilier have been done at 810 f. In Railway Shares there s very little doing. The market closed as follows : Italian Loan 65 85 Do. end month 65 95 Ditto Threes New Mexican Russian — Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt — Deferred 'AYS. 4-1 per Cents 96 Do. end month — 3 per Cents. 67 75 Do. end month 67 80 Credit Mobilier Do. end month Bank Shares 3550 Credit Foncier 1285 Roman Orleans Northern _ Cash. Acct. ... 851 25 ... 855 ... 1062 50 ... 1062 50 Lyons and Mediterranean 960 962 50 Southern 6OB 75 ... 610 Western 530 ... 530 Eastern Sardinian 306 25 Austrian Lombard 552 50 ..: 552 50 North of Spain 308.75 ... 300 Saragossa 386 25 ... 385 Ditto to Barcelona .— ... THE SUEZ CANAL. ALEXANDRIA, April 5. Alfred Christian, merchant and banker, President of the Malta Chamber of Commerce, arrived here to-day, and, with other delegates from the various like Chambers of Europe, were to assemble at the residence of M. Lesseps in the afternoon, when they will be invited to a grand banquet at the Hotel Abbot for the following evening, preparatory to starting for Suez, down the new canal, or rather the initiatory channel, through which the two seas already flow, so as to allow boats to communicate between the Mediterranean and Red Seas. At Cairo the delegates will be severally introduced by M. Lesseps to his Highness the Pacha of Egypt. The Malta and Alexandria Telegraph Cable. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) MALTA, April 10. The Fanny Lambert, screw steamer, ariived here yesterday from Bengazi to refit, refuel, and take in a section of electric submarine cable to replace and repair that which is broken between Bengazi and Alexandria. During the time this steamer has been at sea on this second occasion she has experienced such stress of weather that little success has attended her operations towards the recovery and repair of the broken cable, but we trust to see the same accomplished early in May. She brings back the telegraphic staff, composed of Messrs. Temple, Gibson, Saunders, Fryer, Toss, Stacy, Windle, and 12 labourers, besides Mr. Gaines, of the Tripoli branch office. SINGULAR CUSTOM IN THE ClTY.—Yesterday being Good Friday, the Rev. Mr. Abbis, rector of Old St. Bartholomew the Great, according to annual custom, proceeded to the churchyard of the above church to dis tribute the sixpences some hundred years ago bequeathed by a lady. The reverend gentleman was accompanied by Mr. Thomas Partridge, the parish beadle, with his mace of office, and a great many of the parishioners were present to witness the ceremony. The church at the present time is closed for public worship, as it is undergoing restoration. The rector commenced the ceremony by dropping the silver sixpenny pieces upon the grave, and they were picked up by the aged women, who appeared delighted with their trifling gifts. The ceremony being finished the company departed. Musical Obituary. THE LATE MADAME PASTA.—One of the greatest artistes the lyric drama has ever produced, is no more; Pasta has left this world's stage. This grand vocalist, this sublime actress, is no longer of the living. Pasta dead ! what a flood of reminiscences must must present themselves to the middle-aged habitué of the Kings' Theatre, when Fop's-alley was in its glory. Of Mme. Camporese, Signor Marioni (the lame Tancredi), of Mme. Colbran Rossini, of Mlle. Caradori, of Mme. de Begnis, Mlle. Garcia (Malibran) at 16, of Mme. Vestris, also at 16, of Ambrogetti, Angrisani, Zuchelli, Porto, Garcia, Curioni, De Begnis, Pellegrini, Remorini, Velut, &c., the memory may only serve to recall special attributes of some of these celebrities of past days, but of Pasta there is no weakened recollection. There she stands—that Medea, that Tancredi; that Semiramide, that Romeo, that Nina, that Norma—she is before the eye pal pably, and before we hear the voice we mark the short robust figure, the prominent but coarse features, the awk ward and almost clumsy gait. And when the first notes were listened to, what did Pasta to justify the position she occupied ? Her voice was not a sympathetic mezzo-soprano —it had no distinctive resonance above or below ; the in tonation, especially in herlast days,was flat and precarious. She was, in fact, an artiste without a voice, an actress without a stage-presence; but yet we shall near look on her like again. She was a woman of genius, in short; she had, that wondrous gift of at once fixing the attention of an auditory, of enlisting their sympathies, of rousing their enthusiasm. Once seen and heard, it was impos sible to forget her ; but it is not so much Pasta you remember as it is the character with which, for the time being, she identifies herself. The modern theatre-gosr who followed Ristori's performances, of course cannot easily forget her Medea; but the realisation of Pasta was still more terribly in earnest. Never was a wronged woman's thirst for vengeance, .never was the mother's de spair depicted more awfully than by Pasta. Her progress on the lyric stage was but slow. Born at Como—where she died—in 1798, she studied at the Milan Conservatoire, and for a short time was one of "the quatre poupees" pro nounced by the insolent M. Valabreque (husband of Cata lani) to suffice for an Italian opera-house troupe to work under the prima donnaship of his wife. When Giuditta Pasta, after her debilt in Paris in 1816, first came to Lon don, in 1817, with Mme. Fodor and Mme. Camporese, she was as virtually a fiasco as Mlle. Garcia, afterwards Mali bran, was when she made her debut at the King's Theatre as Rosina to her father's Count Almaviva ; as her sister Pauline Garcia Viardot was when she first appeared in Paris, at the Od6on, as Desdemona, and at the Royal Italian Opera as Amina. This is a curious fact—Pasta„ Malibran, Viardot, all failing at the outset of their career. Critics need indeed be cautious in casting their thun derbolts on first nights. Pasta's repulse in 1817 was revenged in 1824. Mr. Ayrton, the manager of the King's Theatre in the days of Ebers, engaged her for the season 1824, and the fiat of Paris was then admitted to be right. Her Desde mona at once took the fashionable amateurs by storm, in conjunction with Garcia (father of Malibran and Viardot), who was the Otello. Her next essays in Tancredi and Zingarelli's Romeo confirmed the impressions in her favour, and her Semiramide the same season caused the conviction that she was the Italian Siddons of the day. The majesty of this oriental queen was indeed irresistible. Despite the deficiency of her organ, her science and decla matory powers rendered every passage striking and signi ficant, even when nature refused to respond to the calls for the articulation of special notes. Tho management of the scale was quite a marvel—as a timist she was perhaps un rivalled, so that great quality combined with her intensity exercised a potent spell over an audience. As to her volu bility it seemed inconceivable how she contrived to rival Rubini in the decorative runs, of the "Il soave e bel con tento," from Pacini's " Niobe," an air that no modem tenor could now sing, and which would tax the exercising skill of even a dexterous soprano of the day. She reappeared in 1825, adding Paesiello's Nina to her repertoire; her acting and singing redeeming the weakness of the work. In 1826 she sang in Mayer's " Meudea,', and in Rossini's "Zelmira" (composed for Mme. Rossini No. 1,) in 1827 she sang the "Maria Stuarda, Regina de Scozia," of Signor Coccia, a very slow opera indeed. Mlle. Toso, now Mme. Puzzi, was the Queen Elizabeth. In 1831 Pasta added Donizetti's Anna Bolena to her list of creations, Rubini being the Percy (alas ! for " Vivi to") and Lablache HenryVlll. Jupiter is no more. Abandoning the royal robes Pasta put on the peasant's dress for Amina in the " Sonnambula," which she likewise created. This same year introduced David, the tenor, when in his decay, and Miss Paton (Mrs. Wood) to the Italian boards here. In 1833 we had Pasta's Norma, the closing character of her creative career in the metropolis. Another memorandum for the critics will not be out of place—they were all abroad about Bellini's " Sonnambula" and "Norma," although they raved about the weak "Pirate,' the vitality of which was due to Rubini. Can the opera goers forget the "Son io," of Pasta in "Norma ;" her " Ombra Adorata" in "Romeo ;" her scene in "Medea," where she resolves to kill:her children. Grisi, who at the Scala in Milan was the original Adalgisa to Pasta's Norma, never would essay - the Medea. When she declined to try Mayer's version, she was asked to venture upon Cherubini's setting, so as to avoid the comparison with Pasta as re gards the music, but Grisi was determined to rest on the glory of her Norma—great glory, indeed, for the part has died with her retirement. Tietjens is to try her hand with Cherubini's grandeur in "Medea." There came a fatal moment for Pasta, when in 1850, yielding to the pressing requests of injudicious friends, she reappeared for a night in "Anna Bolena"—it was Rome in ruins, and Rachel was there with execrable taste to ridicule Pasta, the hem of whose robes she would have been glad to kiss in her grand days. This was a distressing exhibition to those who remembered Pasta in her prime, as heart breaking as it was to hear that gifted Mlle. Falcon attempt to sing again at the Grand Opera in Paris after she had lost her voice. Pasta also tried to sing at a concert at the Royal Italian Opera for her compatriots, and she even descended to the Princess's Theatre. It was melancholy ; but the quick intelligence of Viardot, even in the Anna Bolena of 1850, recognised the genius of Pasta. With tears in her eyes she turned to an ardent admirer of Pasta (Mr. Chor ley), and remarked, " You are right It is like the Cena cob of Da Vinci at Milan—a wreck of a picture, but the picture is the greatest picture in the world." At the inter ment in the Cathedral of Como there was great pomp. In the last years of her life, tranquilly passed on the banks of Como, Pasta always gave a warm welcome to her English friends. Medea and Norma might have been seen on the Lake, with a large straw hat on her head, rowing in a small boat, as content as when she wore the regal robes and diadem. THE LATE EDWARD LODER.—This composer died on the sth, after an illness of some years. He was the son of John Loder, of Bath, the violinist, and one of the leaders of the Philharmonic Concerts. Edward Loder was educated in Germany, and was a pupil of Ries. The late Mr. Arnold first introduced Loder at the new Lyceum, by the production of "Nourjahad." His finest work was " The Night 'Dancers," based on the ballet of " Giselle." Mr. E. Loder was also known as a composer of classical chamber music, of cantatas, sacred and secular. He was a first-rate musician, and did honour to the Eng lish school, like his contemporaries John Barnett, Mac farren, Henry Smart, Balfe, Wallace, &c. THE " T. P. COOKE BEQUEST AND BANQUET." — In accordance with the instructions conveyed in the will of the late Mr. T. P. Cooke, a dinner will take place at the Royal Dramatic College, Maybury, next Saturday, the 22d inst., the festival of St. George falling this year on a Sunday. The following extract from the will explains the purpose of the dinner, but not the means by which it is provided. On May 29, 1864, we exclusively published the full particulars of the bequest, wherein it will be found that Mr. T. P. Cooke left £l,OOO in Three per Cent. Con sols, the interest of which (£3O) is yearly to defray the ex penses of this interesting meeting. He also left another £l,OOO, the interest of which is to be given to the author who writes the best nautical drama, an d , i f s successful one, the profit it produces will be added to the funds of the Dramatic College. We append the extract above alluded to :—" And for the more effectually carrying into operation my intentions, on the 23d day of April in each year, which is the birthday of our Immortal Dramatic Poet, Shakspere, and which is my own natal day, a l so a public holiday or treat should be given to the pen sioners of the College for the celebration of this day. And that on this occasion an annual dinner shall be provided in the hall of the College at which the master, wardens, and members of the council should preside, and to which the whole of the pensioners, and any supporters and patrons of the drama, and well-wisher to the College, and such members of my family as shall be living, and the trustees for, the time being of my will (if any), shall be invited." — Era. THE MAMMOTH TREES OF CALIFORNIA SUR PASSED !—The Brazilian journals would seem to outvie Baron Munchausen in the discoveries of natural wonders. They tell of a tree on the banks of the Branco, a tributary of the river Amazon, under the canopy of which 10,000 human beings may find shelter, and the height of which is such, that a gigantic bird, the Tononydon, another wonder of the basin of the Amazon, porches itself so high up the branches, as to be quite out of rifle shot. The tree belongs to the Malvaceous order, and is called by the Brazilians Souina. SHARsPERTAN SCHOLARS !—The " Lounger" of the Illustrated Times has a good story about two dunces who, after pondering over the play bill in front of Drury-lane Theatre, announcing the performance of "Julius Ca3sar," delivered an opinion to the effect that it must be "an adaptation from the French of the Emperor's new book." FOUR POINTS OF A CASE !—An eastern editor says that a man in New York got himself into trouble by marrying two wives. A western editor replies by assuring his contemporary that a good many men in that section had done the same thing by marrying one. A northern editor retorts that quite a number of his acquaint ances found trouble enough by barely promising to marry, without going any farther. A southern editor says that a friend of his was bothered enough when simply found in company with another man's wife. ot i ton C t rag ar (r - HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, April 14. The Queen, their Royal. Highnesses Prince Alfred, Princess Helena, and Princess Louise, and the Ladies and Gentlemen in Waiting, attended Divine service this morning in the private chapel. The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Windsor administered the Sacrament of the Holy Communion. The Rev. J. St. John Blunt, Chaplain in Ordi nary to the Queen, preached the sermon. To-day is the birthday of her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice. Her Majesty, accompanied by her Royal High ness Princess Helena, drove in the Great Park yesterday afternoon, attended by the Hon. Mrs. Bruce. Their Royal Highnesses Prince Alfred and Princess Louise went out riding, attended by Lady Churchill, Lieut.-General the Hon. C. Grey, and Lieut. Haig. The Hon. Lucy Herr and the Hon. Eleanor Stanley have succeeded the Hon. Caroline Cavendish and the Hon. Florence Seymour as Maids of Honour in Waiting. The Prince and Princess of Wales. SANDRINGHAM, April 14. On Tuesday the Prince and Princess, attended by the Countess De Grey and Major Grey, and accompanied by Earl De Grey, Viscount Goderich, Major General Lord Henry Percy, Viscount Hamil ton, Lieut. Colonel the Hon. and Mrs. Byng, drove from Sandringham to the neighbouring watering place of Hunstanton. The Royal party alighted at St. Edmund's, where a populous town is fast springing up. This watering place, besides its modern attractions, has an ancient history of some interest. Besides being the first place where St. Edmund landed on his arrival from Germany, it is said that King Edmund retired here, and stayed for a whole twelvemonth, that he might get the whole Book of Psalms by heart in the S axon l anguage, the very book being preserved by the monks of Bury St. Edmund's till the dissolution. The Royal party viewed with con siderable interest the lofty cliffs, which are nearly 100 ft. high, and are very interesting to the geologist. The Royal party also visited the famous Ringstead Downs, which is formed by a long valley of beauti ful turf which winds from Hunstanton Park, where Lord Vernon trained his famous horse Florizel and other racers. Their Royal Highnesses and distin guished party returned to Sandringham in the evening. . On Thursday their Royal Highnesses and party walked and drove out. To-day the Prince and Princess of Wales, at tended by the Countess de Grey, Lieut.-General Knollys, Major Grey, Mr. Fisher, and Mr. Holz man, and accompanied by Earl de Grey and Ripon, Viscount Goderich, Major-General Lord Henry Percy, Viscount Hamilton, and Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. H. and Mrs. Byng, attended Divine service at Sandringham Church, in the morning. The Rev. G. B. Moxon, 8.A., rector, officiated and preached. The Regency of Tunis. A letter in . the Levant Herald, dated Tunis, March 15, says : " Yesterday Prince Arthur arrived here from Malta, on board the Admiralty yacht Enchantress. As soon as the steamer dropped anchor, Sidi Hus sein Pasha, Minister of the Interior, was despatched on board to welcome his Royal Highness in the name of the Bey. Shortly afterwards the Prince landed, in company with Mr. Wood, her Majesty's agent, under a royal salute, and entered one of the Court carriages, which, with a perfect crowd of other carriages, led horses, high officials, and troops, awaited him at the Scala, drove him to the Palace, where he was received by his Highness with great distinction. The whole town, too, was astir to get a glimpse of the son of Queen Victoria, of whose power and greatness Tunisians have happily a very high idea. From the Palace they drove out to the Marsa, where Mr. WTood has his summer house. The Bey strongly urged his Royal High ness to accept his hospitality during his stay in Tunis, and had magnificently fitted up a suite of apartments for his use in the Dar-el-Bey. He pre ferred, however, to spend what time he will pass on shore at Mr. Wood's, and in any case will be only a short time here, as he purposes visiting Carthage and all the other sites of interest in the Regency before proceeding to Egypt and Syria. " Two days ago Sidi Rustam, who is in command of one of the camps now out collecting the fines imposed on the late revolted districts, sent in 25 0 prisoners. The Bey's first impulse was to behead the whole, but the Khasnadar interfered and obtained the aman, on the rather severe terms, however, of 180 of the wretches receiving 500 blows of the stick' each, and the remaining 70 1,000 each. This measure of cruelty has had a bad effect, and is in every way to be regretted. Speaking of the revolt fines, I may mention that this week 4,000,000 reals (12,000,000 Turkish piastres) was sent into the Treasury from the camps during the week. The collection of the impost may, therefore, be reported to be proceeding satisfactorily.' It is said, however, that Bengdahoum, the leader in the insurrection, who, with some hundreds of his followers, crossed the frontier and took refuge in Algiers—has been invited to Paris, where he is assured of an excellent reception. The report has given great annoyance to the Bey, who has cora plained of it to the French Consul, but without re ceiving much satisfaction from that functional'. Apropos of this, I may mention the rumour that Haireddin Pasha, who was at Constantinople some months ago, is shortly to go on a special mission to Paris. I have not been able exactly to ascertain the object of the proposed journey, but shall probably learn some details in time for communication in my next. " You will probably have already heard that the Government has contracted a loan of 15,000,000 f• with the house of Erlanger. The price given by the latter is said to be the high one of 85 per cent." SUNDAY LABOUR ONNEWSPAPERS IN SCOTLAND.— The Free Synod of Glasgow wasted many hours of precious time on Tuesday in discussing holonewspaper owners and workers should conduct their business. As was perfectly natural, if not (considering who the speakers were and what they spoke about) wholly inevitable, there was a deal of arrant nonsense talked. Omitting the vanut ings and flourishes of the dogmatic and irrepressibl e Gibson, who varied his tale of how much he is called upon to suffer on account of his faithfulness, and of how iittle he cares for that suffering, by a series of die tribes against the Post-office, Dr. Norman Macleod, and number of other men and institutions, we find the chie f things insisted upon, as regards journalism, to be two—th e one a specimen of foolish error as to fact, the other of Jesuitical reasoning in morals. It was urged, first, tho by working c o mpositors u p t o m id n i g ht on S a t ur d a y an d from mid n i g ht on S un d ay, a newspaper may b e pro duce' without trenching on the hours of the Sunday; and, se cond, assuming that this might be done, therefore, 13° blame belongs to those who buy a paper on which it is not; done. The answer is simple ; where the first of the e things is tried it amounts to a mere pharisaical adheren ce to the letter of what is deemed the commandment, the men being sent home to snooze over great part of the dap (truly a curious method of promoting its godly observance) ; even in their case it has been found productive of worse evils than those it was designed to prevent ; it can only be wrought by throwing extra labour on others who have Ill s° souls and consciences, and in point of fact it resolves itself into a sham and'a pretence. As to the second, it ja enough to say that those who are willing to be taken la., by such a piece of casuistry will find themselves confront ed next Monday morning, let them open what paper they choose, by a column headed " Latest Intelligence," the ceai tents of which will suffice to knock a hole in their spee la pleading, and ought to reduce them to silence if not t ° shame. Advancing on the same line of argument, might ask, do these grave and reverend seignors never pas a letter on. Saturday evening, or indulge in a hot roll e! Monday morning ? If they do, then upon the principle' they enunciate, they indisputably render themselves 1 131 ' takers in other men's sins.' Do they not also exhibit all inconsistency such as gave force to, the denunciation 1 1 ginning, " Ye hypocrites," addressed to the Pharisees °. old time by One who spake with authority ?—Nortli 1314 ' fish Nail. 1 ha: the cal ha,