The Sun. — London, England, 1848-04-22 00:00:00

RIOT` 3, UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLIES. We gi re the following excellent charg t e h t e o the grand inquest, delivered some days_ Quarter Sessions, by the Rea-cmocrederat John Robert 3Keayon, Esq., D.C. and Vinerian. Professor of Common ,Law in the University of Oxford. It is admirably adapted to the times, and tcontains some useful legit infor mation on the duties and privileges of special constables in cases of riot and disorder : Gentlemen of the Grand Inquest,—l am truly glad to see so many of you present here to-day ;at .he same time I am happy to congratulate you that Tour labours will probably be very light. lam not *wa re that there will be ore than one case brought before you, and that one— m judging from the deposi tions before me—is of so simple a nature that I did not think it requisite to make any ob servation to you respecting it. But still lam rejoiced to see so good an assemblage of grand u rymen ; for, since this court last sat events lave happened which make it most important that every good man should be forward to bear his part in the administration of justice. You will, no doubt, perceive that I allude to the disturbances which have taken place on the continent of Europe, and which have destroyed the peace, the trade, the commerce, end wealth of the countries where they have occurred, and the ultimate results of which no man can fore see. It is, however, only so far as the principles or examples of the persons who are active in those dis• turbances may affect us that I wish to allude to them now. Already idle and dissolute persons, in some parts of our country, have tried to excite in it disturbances of a like kind, the effects of which, if they succeed, would probably be the ruin, misery, and wretchedness, of our land. It is our duty to guard against this evil, and to this point I wish to direct your attention. Gentlemen, it is one especial part of the duty of all Governments to protect the personal safety of the individuals committed to their charge, and to guard their property. Mindful of this duty, Eng land has from the earliest times to which we can trace the history of its law, prohibited riots and unlawful assemblies, provided means for their suppression and prevention, and punished persons who have caused or countenanced them. lam thankful to know that in this borough and neighbourhood there has not only been no disturbance, but that there is nb probability of one, and that, on the contrary, we nave every hope that, by God's mercy, we may retain the blessings of peace and quiet which we have so long enjoyed. Still, it may be that wicked and designing men may come among us, and try, for their own selfish pur poses, to plant and encourage the growth of evil principles, to cause discontent, and to excite the dis contented to disorder and riot. It may, therefore, not be a misapplication of our time if I try to pointnt out to you, shortly and clearly, the nature o punishment and danger which persons incur the by joining themselves to a r iotous assembly, and means which the law provides to prevent or suppress riots, and to protect persons and property against them. And first, as to rioters themselves, and those who join them; it should be well understood that every person who takes part with the rioters is punishable as a principal rioter, and is answerable for all the crimes to which the riot leads. For the riot itself, even if no injury is done to persons or property, he is subject to fine and imprisonment ; but he may become liable to more severe punishment. When a riot begins no one one knows to what extent of crime it may proceed. The burning and destruction of property, murder, and high treason itself have been, and may be, the consequences of riots begun without any idea of such crimes ; and the rioter, and the per- Son who has joined him, at first perhaps from idle cu riosity, may both become liable to the punishment due for crimes, from the very thought of which they might have shrunk before, and may accordingly forfeit their lives, or their liberty so long as their lives continue. For the suppression of riots, the common law of England, from the earliest times, provided conser vators, or keepers of the peace, and assigned to them the duties which are now exercised by our justices of the peace and peace officers ; and the Legis lature has from time to time made further provisions for the like purpose ; and according to the law as it now stands it is the especial duty of every justice of the peace, of every sheriff and under-sheriff, of every constable and other peace officer, to use all his efforts to prevent or suppress a riot, and to arrest the offenders. To enable them the better to do this they are authorised to call upon and command all other persons to help them in it ; and if any person when so called upon refuses or neglects to obey, that person will be subject to be fined and imprisoned. But the officers and ministers of justice are not the only persons whose duty it is to interfere to suppress riots ; every private person is authorised and is bound to do so to the utmost of his power. He may do this by stopping those whom he may see engaged in a riot from continuing their unlawful acts, or if he sees any one coming to join the rioters he may turn them back and prevent them doing so. For the purpose of thus suppressing a riot the law permits persons, private persons as well as others, to arm themselves and to use their arms if necessary ; and if in the honest and due exercise of their duty they wound or kill any person, they are pro tected by the law and are blameless. This duty of private persons to suppress riots is a duty also incumbent upon soldiers. Soldiers are not exempt from this duty or deprived of the protec tion I have mentioned in executing it, because they have taken upon themselves the characters and duties of soldiers ; their training and discipline will enable them the better to perform it. I mention this par ticularly, because it has sometimes been supposed that soldiers cannot act without the presence and direction of a magistrate—a supposition which is wholly wrong. Soldiers and private per sons may legally act, and ought to act, to stop any riot which they may witness, though there may be no magistrate to direct them. At the same time, if any magistrate be present, soldiers and private persons should act under his directions ; and I advise them always to get, if possi ble, the presence and direction of a magistrate on such occasions; but, it they cannot get them, they are not the less bound to prevent illegal acts being done. I have now mentioned to you how the law punishes, and the means it uses to suppress riots; but it also tries to prevent their occurrence by forbidding and punishing unlawful assemblies which may lead to riot. These are forbidden and made punishable by the common law, and also by the Act 1 George 1., st. 2, cap. 5, " For preventing tumults and riotous assemblies" (commonly called the Riot Act), which enacts that if any persons to the number of 12 or more, being unlawfully, riotously, and tumultuously assem bled together, to the disturbance of the public peace, and being required by any justice of the peace for the place where the assembly is, by proclama tion in the form prescribed by the Act, to dis perse, shall, notwithstanding the proclamation, con tinue together to the number of 12 or more for one hour after such proclamation, pu nhiseh a guiltyb th l n theof felony, persona for s () continuing together shall which offence they are 7 li l fe V , m o . r a h n y d 1 Vict., c. 91) by transportatioewni(tfbhoyr imprisonment for three years la hard labour and solitary confinement. But the to w not only riots u and punishes persons who are parties occu af r, e b ith t er it unlawful assemblies, when they fur ther tries to prevent the occurrence for our law provides means for the purposetilea.ndlthhee statute law has affirmed and strengthened provi sions of the common law. It will be enough present purpose to mention that, by the Act Ist 2d William c. 41, it has been enacted that in cases where it shall be made to appear to any two justices of the peace, on the oath of a credible wit ness, that any tumult, riot, or felony has taken place, or may be reasonably a pprehended at any place within the jurisdiction of none justices, and if those justices shall be of o p that the ordinary officers appointed for keeping the peace are not suffi cient for the protection of persons and property, then those justices, or any oth er two justices for the same jurisdiction, may appoint as many hou3eholders, or other persons (not legally exempt) residing in the place where the disturbance is apprehended, or its neighbourhood, or (by the Act 5 and 6 William C. 43) any other persons willing to serve, to act as special constables for the reservation of the peace, the protection of the inhabitants, and the safety of p ro p erty. Full powers are given to such special consta bles for the performance of their duty, and full pro tection f or what they do in the discharge of it ; and any one w h o assaults or resists them in discharg in g it is subjected to that I should add thatle serious punishment. It is right it is not left to the option of persons whom the justices xpon, to act as speckl are empowered so to call constables, to refuse to act when required; but an refuses to take the oath of y on e who, when so called on, zasiepecial const a bl e , or to act penalties IS one, is subjected to person s so in the sta tutes. It is obvious that sd incur trouble, and B (called upon may in some cases lose much time, an perhaps expenses which they can ill i n g the call, and therefore the Act veryafford, in obey - prov ides that reasonable allowance s may be properly made for s uch loss of time , tr o uble , and expense special consta bles so a pp ointe d are to be pr; and the d e a w i t h everything necessary to enable them to i c h a rge their duty. Thus you see that riot s an unlawful as semblies are forbidden and p unis hed by our laws; that p ersons who j oin them ev en froin motives of curiosity or idle fancy, without any worse motive, subject themselves to punishment for t h e crimes perpetrated in the rio t which they countenanced ; and you also see that it is the bounden duty of every person to be earnest and active in suppressing or preventing such riots and assemblies, and that they have full authority and means for the purpose, and full protection for doing so. If, then unhappily, ill-disposed pe rsons come among us, or if : still more unhappily, any among ourselves should be isd gem, and riots or unlawful assemblies occur, our duty is clear; and every one must see that what • is our duty in this case is (as in all other cases it is in reality) our best interest. We must all abstain from joining the offenders, or in any way countenanc ing them ; and, on the contrary, every one must exert himself, to the utmost of his power, to preserve peace and order, and to bring offenders to justice. We shall thus best guard our lives and property, and the wellbeing of our neighbours. Aad we shall do much more—we shall thus best obey our laws, best do our duty to our Sovereign, and show our gratitude to Heaven for the blessings of that free constitution which has come to us as an inheritance from our ancestors —an inheritance which it is our duty (as far as in us lies) to transmit uninjured to posterity—au inherit anee it is of a manly, rational, sober, noble freedom, not formed on the visionary speculations of metaphysical theorists, or the fancies of poets, but one which born and flourishing under the holy influences of true re ligion has grown with the growth of our country, and strengthened with its strength, and is now bound . up with our dearest affections. We do not boast of it as that which we have achieved for ourselves, but we humbly and gratefully acknowledge that we owe it (as we owe all our other blessings) to Him alone, " who rules over all the kingdoms of the world, and disposes of them according to his good pleasure." Gentlemen, I will not detain you longer from your present duties. CAUTION TO PLACE- SEEKERS. At a county court held here (Taunton) on Tues day, Captain Mahon, an insolvent, applied for his case is brought before the court, except where the services of the junior counsel only appear to the re taining solicitor necessary.—Circuit retainers: 13. A special retainer in a country cause must be given for a particular assize. 14. If the venue be changed for another place on the same circuit, a fres h retainer i s not required. 15. If the cause be not tried at the assizes for which the retainer i s g iven, the retainer must be renewed for every subsequ ent assize until the cause is disposed of, unless a brief has been delivered, and then the usual refresher fee is suffi cient. 16. A retainer may be given for future assizes without a retainer for the intervening assizes, unless notice of trial shall have been given for such intervening assizes. 17. Where a renewed retainer is necessary it must be given before the end of the term preceding the assize. 18. In any case requiring the renewal of a retainer, an adverse brief or retainer cannot be accepted without notice to the original client.—Appeals, writs of error, and nonsuits : 19. A special retainer, in an appeal, or on a writ of error, may be given before the appeal has been lodged, or the writ of error issued. '2O. Counsel in the original cause cannot accept a retainer on an appeal or writ of error for the opposite party, without affording the client in such original cause the opportunity of giving such retainer. 21. After a nonsuit a re tainer cannot be accepted from the adverse party in a second action without notice to the client for whom a brief has been held in the first action.—Opinions andipleadings : 22. Where counsel has drawn pleadings, or advised during the progress of an action or suit, a retainer cannot be accepted from the opponent, without notice to the first client. —Promotion of Counsel: 23. The retainer of a counsel does not cease upon his promotion to a higher rank at the bar.—Form of Retainer. Notice : 24. When a retainer is given by the plaintiff in a cause A. v. 8., and an action or suit is afterwards brought by B. v. A., the counsel cannot take the retainer of B. without notice to A. the causes of action are connected. 25. A mistake in the title of an action or suit does not render the retainer inoperative, if it can be shown that the cause of action or suit is the same, and that there is no other to which the retainer can apply. 26. The notice to the client mentioned in these rules is intended to afford him an opportunity to give a spe cial retainer to counsel.—Amount of Fees : 27. The fees given for general retainers are as follows: In the Court of Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, and Ex chequer of Pleas, five guineas; in Chancry and Bank ruptcy Appeals, and in Bankruptcy, five guineas ; in Parliament and in the Privy Council, ten guineas. 28. The fees on special retainers are as follows : At Common Law and in Equity, one guinea; in Parlia ment, on Bills and Election Committees, five guineas ; in appeals to the House of Lords , and in the Privy Council, two guineas. discharge. Mr. Brown, barrister, opposed insolvent on the grounds—first, of fraudulent preference ; secondly, of having contracted debts fraudulently ; thirdly, having contracted debts without the means to pay ; and, fourthly, for obtaining forbearance under fraudulent pretences. Mr. Allen defended. The insolvent, on examination, stated—One of my creditors is Mr. J. Hart. He discounted my bills. I held out no inducement to him to do so beyond the profits he'rnight obtain. I did not promise to obtain for him a Government situation. Mr. Brenchly in troduced me to him as a friend of his who had money to lend ; I was to have made him a present of 251. when the bill became due. The bill was for 3501., and I received in all abut 3451. Hart gave me a second acceptance for 1001., which I undertook to take up. The bill for 100/. was paid by Hart. I was a lieutenant and paymaster in the Marines. I left the Marines in 1843, on account of debts. I re. signed, and on the day I was arrested I had applied above 2001. of Government money to the satisfaction of private debts. I endorsed a bill for 1001. to a Mr. Noakes. He is a mutual friend of the family, and is now professionally engaged for me i❑ a divorce which is going on between myself and my wife. I never had an action brought against me for breach of pro mise of marriage. Counsel—Do you know a Mr. Tuke ? Insolvent —I do. Counsel—Did you run away with his wife ? Insolvent—l don't think that I'm bound to answer. STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, APRIL 18.—Since Friday, some rather considerable sales have been made for China, of lower qualities egenerefroalyrlmerly shipped to that market; and it is ge nerall y stated that the sales have o t than a 4 n ° . t i h n o c s h e s w h ihritei which gs w , been made on terms of credit which, though common enough in the trade a year or two ago, have not been recently heard of. The home trade houses have also been operating to some extent; but, on the whole, the market for goods has been quite destitute of animation, whilst the yarn market is much depressed, and the little business done is still at declining prices. Ordinary qualities of 40's mule twist are now currently quoted at 7d., and 30's at 6icl.; and, in some isolated cases, we blieve, still lower rates have been submitted to. Indeed, pending the present prostration of trade upon the continent of Europe, it is quite clear that only a moderate portion of the average production can be taken off, and there seems to be no other remedy for the miserable prices now current than a further diminution of the hours of labour. We are glad to learn that the firm of De Jersey and Co., who suspended payment some months ago, have announced their intention of paying a further instalment, which, with former instalments, amounts to 15s. in the pound on their sole liabilities, and to 20s. in the pound (including interest and all expenses) on all bills to which they and the firm of John Thomas and Co, of London, were both parties. We are glad to learn, from a variety of sources, that business has become rather active in the Lon don warehouses, from which it is reasonable to hope for some slight improvement here. London is, indeed, extremely full, owing to the influx of Eng lish and foreign refugees from France; and the shop keepers are enjoying the benefit of their presence. It is also generally understood that the stocks of manufactured goods in the hands of dealers in all parts of the country ere exceedingly light. In re ference to this point, we subjoin a letter which was intended for the Guardian of Saturday last, but reached us too late for that publication : Mr. Allen objected to the question, and argued tha such had been the case, and an action had been brought, the record should be put in ; if not, he could not be called on to criminate himself. Mr. Browne contended that he was justified in putting these questions, to show that the insolvent had recklessly spent money. Examination continued—l know a Mrs. Wallace, and have driven her out occasionally ; I lived inthe intimate with house with her, but was not otherwise with her ; when I drove her out, she gave me the money to pay for the vehicle. John Matthias Hart exam in ed —I remember put ting an advertisement into the newspapers, in conse quence of which Mr. Brenchly wrote me a letter. He afterwards introduced Captain Mahon to me, who told me that if I could advance a certain sum of money, he would procure a situation for me as landing waiter. The salary was said to be 1601. a-year. He said the office was worth 7001., but I replied that the utmost I could advance to him was 3501., and that evening 1701. was paid to him; on the following Wednesday I paid him the remainder. I advanced it solely upon the consideration of the promised Government situation. I never received any interest for it, nor did I bargain for interest. I remember ping in a cab to the Treasury with insolvent, who came out and said they were so busy there that they could not attend to the matter, but that he had no doubt I should get the appointment within a tew days ; he told me that at his request his cousin, the O'Gorman Mahon, M.P., had consented to become my security in respect to the situation of landing waiter : he afterwards said, that as the 3501. was a very small sum, compared with the advantages which I should obtain, he should feel much obliged if I would give him an acceptance for 100/. ; after much hesitation I gave it ; I made inquiries into insol vent's character and position, and finding that he was cousin to the O'Gorman Mahon, I considered him worthy of trust ; I made other inquiries, the answers to which were that he was acquainted with several Members of Parliament ; I never got the appoint ment. When the 1001. bill became due Mr. Noakes wrote to me, and I called upon him ; Mahon said, " Not having received my rents from Ireland, you know the position I am in." James Paxton examined—l was induced to ad vance 1101 to the insolvent upon his undertaking to ob tain a situ ition for me under Government. He said a friend of his, who was very poor, a Member of Parliament, was anxious to meet his constituents, but was short of cash, and that if I would advance this amount, his friend would get the appointment for me without fail. I never got the appointment. The Judge (to insolvent)—llid you ever make any attempt to get situations for these parties ? Insolvent—l never did.— (Laughter). Insolvent was then examined with reference to a transaction with a Mr. Edward Bennett, precisely similar to the above. He swore positively that Ben nett had merely discounted the bills; but this Mr. Bennett as positively denied. The sum in this case was 3501. Insolvent was next examined with reference to a similar transaction with an individual named Bartlett, — to whom he said he had " taken particular liking"- 2 - (Much laughter)—and got him " put down on Lord John Russell's private list," that being the very first step to a comfortable situation. Bartlett was bled by him to the extent of 3601. Mr. Allen, in addressing the bench for the insol vent, said this was one of the most extraordinary cases that had ever come before this or any other court. As to obtaining money under false pretences, he con tended that the witnesses having been themselves en gaged in illegal transactions —which sales of Govern ment situations undoubtedly were—it was not seemly for them to come and complain of the insolvent, who was a mere party to these transactions. He must say that he was surprised to hear young men coming forward and stating that they had been taken in in such a silly way. His Honour said he could hardly pity the witnesses who had been so foolish as to part with their money to the insolvent under the circumstances. But he thought that he was bound for the ends of justice to inflict some evere punishment upon the insolvent, whose conduct had been of a most gross and repre hensible character. It was melancholy to see a per son in his station, and, with his family connexions, degrading himself by defrauding others in this way. His Honour then ordered that that the insolvent be imprisoned for one year.—Taunton Gazette. and "TO THE EDITOR OF THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN. " Sir, —Having just returned from the London market, I take the liberty of stating a fact or two that ought to have some influence in cheering up par ties who supply the home trade. The first is, that Morrisons, of London, on the memorable 10th inst., sold a larger amount of goods than they have ever previously done on any one day. Country drapers are generally complaining of the paucity of stocks in the warehouses, and of a want of taste and novelty in printed gods.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, " A COUNTRY DRAPER." The following official return, prepared under the direction of Captain Willis, shows the state of em ployment of the whole of the operative classes within the borough of Manchester, who are employed in the various descriptions of mills and works specified. The comparison of this return with that for last week gives the following results :—Of the cotton mills four have gone from full to short time. Of the hands employed in the cotton mills, 1,677 formerly working full time, and 43 formerly out of employ ment, are at present working short time. Of the total works included in the table, two previously working full time, have gone on short time, and two have stopped altogether. Of the total hands included in the table, 1,172 have gone from full to short time ; and 107 formerly working full time, are now out of employment altogether. Altogether, the return is of a very unfavourable character. ROCHDALE, APRIL 17.—The flannel market has been much the same as it was last Monday. Very few pieces have been sold, and the prices have been extremely low. In the wool market there is no change to report; business slack, and prices sta tionary. HALIFAX, APRIL 15.—With the exception of a rather diminished sale of fancy goods, we have no change to report since last week; and in yarn, also, there is no alteration, scarcely any orders being given out. In long wools there are very few transactions, and those decidedly in favour of the buyer. Short wools, however, are a little more active, at late rates. HunaEesriELD, APRIL 18.—The business in the Cloth Hall to-day has been more animated than for some weeks, and the warehouses have participated in the improvement ; but in the wool trade not much altei ation, owing to the extreme caution of manufac turers in buying. LEEDS, APRIL 18.—We have the agreeable task of reporting a better market, both to-day and last Saturday, at our Cloth-hall. A pretty good business has been doing in cloth for America and the home trade, and we hope the improvement will not be so transitory as the general aspect of affairs seem to in dicate. Perhaps the unsettled state of the manufac turing districts of the continent may cause orders, originally intended for France or Belgium, to flow to our market, and thus afford a striking exemplifica tion to our industrious classes of the benefits which a quiet and peaceable disposition confer on the com munity. We cannot conclude these, remarks with out giving due praise to our working classes, for the excellent spirit they have hitherto displayed under privations the most trying.—Manchester Guardian. FOREIGN BOOKS.—A matter of much importance has recently been brought under the consideration of the revenue authorities, with reference to the right of importing books and works from the continental states of Europe and America, having not only an English title-page, but also the name of an English and well-known publisher in scribed thereon. In the instance under notice a very considerable qaantity of printed books were im ported by a metropolitan firm of eminence from Holland, which had been printed and published on the Continent, and had a title-page in the Englist: language, as well as tke name of the importing firm and metropolitan address in the usual place thereon. The inference deducible from these facts would appear to be an inten tion of giving the books the character of having been printed and published in this country, or, if otherwise, that they can be printed abroad, and imported in a complete state ' at a reduced expense, agiving e. p a themge anda British address independ en tly o f t h e amount of duty leviable thereon; but the officers o f th e revenue , considering that the Englishie a s t itl alndelyor thebjec wtiloan hcharactererelegally affecting the importation of goods so circumstanced, the matter was referred to the authorities for their decision, and it appearing that the books were , both written and published on the continent, and it further being considered that the law pro hibiting the name, mark, or brand of an English maker to appear on foreign manufactures does not apply to books, as they are especially protected under the law of copy right, which renders them liable to seizure and forfeiture if imported contrary to the provisions thereof, it has been decided that there is no legal objection to the importa tion of books prepared in the manner described, and that they are admissible upon payment of the proper duties due thereon. It may be mentioned that the title page in this instance was a double one, containing on one page or sheet a description o f the character of the w ork in the foreign language of the country in which it was published and on the other t he same descri p tion in p ure , English, both containing at the bottom of the page the na me of this metrop olis, and also of the publishers (importers), and t h e i r addresses, is the English lan guage. TIIE SUN ) LONDON, SATURDA Y EVENIN Gr, APRIL 22, 1848. OUTRAGES ON BRITISH SUB JECTS AT CANTON. An interesting collection of papers relating to the murder of six Englishmen, in the neighbourhood of Canton, in the month of December, 1847, has just been laid on the tables of both Houses of Parliament by command of her Majesty. These papers are chiefly dispatches from Sir John Davis, the Ch ief Commissioner Hong Kong, to the Secretary for Foreign Affairs,enclosures embodying the cor a t with H e cor respondence with the Chinese authorities at Canton, and the British Consul and resident there, on the subject of the violation of the Ist article of the Treaty of Nankin , by which protection and security w ere insured to British subjects, on several occasions previous to, as well as the sth of December, when the murders were perpetrated. The general tendency of this correspondence shows that a strong feeling of animosity exists against the appearance of foreigners beyond the immediate vicinity of the factories in Can ton and its neighbourhood, and that it is with great difficulty that the authorities—whe n th e y are w illi n g to do so—are able torFstrain!open att ac k s on B r iti s h and other residents visiting the plac es i n th e neighbour hood of that city. Sir John Davis, however, seems to have been disposed to place too much confidence in the good faith of the Chinese C omm i ss i oner an d o th er mag i s trates in their attempts to res,rain the violence and brutal conduct of the inhabit an t s o f th e v ill ages near Canton. This ill-feeling, from statements con tained in some of the documents, appears to have been mainly engendered by events whi c h occurre d i n 1841, when, according to a Chinese statement, on the troops landing at some of the villages, violence was offered and the correspondence At that time Sir John to the women. The volume containing these papers pretty confident of the for in a dispatch to Vis count maintenance e n ans a s c apknp cteoearoAsfutotrseve nty-ninehave pages, ueliBl 1i4.71yt. , count Palmerston, dated the 25th of that month, after having stated that the Admiral had applied to him for his concurrence in moving th e Plut o st e amer f rom Canton, he adds, "I believe the Canton factories were never less in need of the presence of such a vessel than at present. The congregation of vagabonds about them has and been u t an end to ; there is an effi e - cient Chinese gu at the Consoo-house, and th final blocking up of the eld thoroughfare and landing place in the midst of the factories, has given them a degree of quietness an d sec urity to wh ich the y were before strangers." dis In a subsequent patch, dated the 23d. of Sep tember, he announces that he had communicated to Keying the expression of approbation on the part of the British Government at his conduct in punishing some persons who had injured a sailor, and in doing so he had assured the Commissioner that " the most important thing in the estimation of the British Government is the security and welfare of its sub jects, and as your Excellency is determined to main tain right, and rigidly to govern ill .disposed Chinese, there can be no cause for interruption to peace and friendship." In reply to this, Commissioner Keying says, " I was highly gratified with the tenor of this communi cation on perusing it. Friendship . will thus be firmly preserved on both side, and this will materially con tribute to the happiness of the subjects of both countries. The Honourable Envoy and the Imperial Minister will henceforth, by our united efforts, pro mote peace, and the good and cordial understanding between the people of our respective nations. If any outrage be committed, the aggressors must forthwith be punished, to maintain peace and friendship for ever, and to perpetuate the enjoyment of mutual advantages." Immediately after this Sir John Davis took ship s for the removal of a consid erable portion of the gar rison of Hong Kong to India; and such was his con fidence in the Chinese authorities, that he says in a letter to Rear-Admiral Inglefield, " the quiet and security of British residents at Canton have been so much improved by local arrangements since April last, that it appears to myself that the constant pre sence of a steamer opposite the factories will be quite needless." Sir John Davis then proceeded on a mission to Cochin China, and left Major-General D'Aguilar in temporary charge of the Government of Hong Kong. A few days afterwards the gallant general sent a dispatch to the Commissioner Keying, in the course of which he states— " I have learnt with regret the piracy committed on the boat of an English merchant-vessel a few days since. This piracy appears to have taken place between Canton and Whampoa, in the open day, and under circumstances of peculiar cunning and audacity. I feel assured your Excellency will be as anxious as I am that the criminals should be brought to justice, and I look forward with anxiety to learn the result of your measures to apprehend them, and also to the recovery, if possible, of the property that fibs been thus forcibly abducted." In answer to this the Commissioner, after having expressed his deep regret at the occurrence, states that certain parties had been apprehended for the robbery, and part of the booty had been recovered, and he added, that he had dispatched an officer to examine the case and try the prisoners. The fol lowing graphic account of the trial and punishment of the offenders was then forwarded to the British consul at Canton : "Ke, Imperial Commissioner, Governor-General of ,he Two Kwang, &c., &c., hereby gives a declara on the rivers of Kwang-tung, in which the person robbed is opposed and wounded in attempting to save his property, the heads of those criminals who are to be decapitated, shall, as an additional punish ment, be publicly exposed on poles ;' and after having respectfully issued their death-warrant, judgment will, in the first place be executed, their heads then sent to the scene of the crime, and there exposed to the public by suspension from poles, as a warning example. " Chin-a-tseen and Tsang-soo•tee, who boarded the boat in order to search for booty, have been sentenced, in accordance with the original law [on robbery], to be decapitated ; the punishment to be inflicted immediately [after the Board of Punishments has notified its confirmation of the sentence]. " Kwo-a-kew and the others have been sentenced in accordance with the clause [against those who stand by and receive the booty, but do not assist in searching for it] to be sent to the new territory in Tartary as slaves to the officers and soldiers. " The booty which has been seed is to be given over to the proprietor after having been recognised by him • and it has been settled that the rest of the booty shall be recovered from [the property of relations of] the criminals at present in custody. " As to the criminals not yet apprehended, orders have been given that search be made after them, and that they must be apprehended, when their cases will be settled separately. " I have now to give you a declaration for your information, and request that you will hand over into the possession of the person from whom it was robbed the booty now sent you. A necessary declaration. " Accompanied by robbed booty, consisting of a case containing ten pieces of foreign cloth. " For the British Consul Macgregor. " October 17, 1847." On the 30th October, in a dispatch to Viscount Palmerston, Sir John Davis complains of a fresh act of aggression on three British merchants, at a village about six miles up the river from Canton. The na ture of this outrage is thus described in a letter of Consul Macgregor : " I have the honour to report to you that I have received a complaint from Messrs. Morrison, Mac gregor, and Small, British subjects, of which the fol lowing is the substance : " Having hired a sampan, or small Chinese boat, in the afternoon of the 24th instant, these gentlemen proceeded up the river with the intention of taking a stroll in the country, in accordance with sect. 2 of the agreement of the 6th April of the present year. From the time of their leaving the factories un,il they reached a place of the - name of Cha tow, about six miles from Canton, they met with no molestation, but on ariving at that village some fifty or sixty men, armed with spears, swords, and shields, came running to the river side, yelling and shouting, and threatening the party in the boat that if they at tempted to land they would be killed. The tumult among these people being very great, and many more of them, also armed, coming from the village, the complainants put their boat about at the earnest so licitations of the boatmen, who were very much alarmed at the hostile demonstrations of their country men. On returning it was necessary for the boat to pass a point of land nearer to the village than the first landing place ; :whe❑ it approached this point the multitude was seen crossing the fields, evidently with the intention of intercepting it. The party in it was in considerable danger, the creek being very narrow at that place, and the behaviour of the mob violent in the extreme ; as the boatmen, however, used every effort to keep clear of the land, the party succeeded in making good their retreat." Reparation on account of those proceedings was demanded from Commissioner Keying. In a subse quent dispatch, dated November 14, Sir John Davis says : "On the 10th instant I received a private note from Consul Macgregor, from which I gathered that a Chinese boat, with Mr. Elmslie and two others, while passing down the river, had apparently been fired at with a loaded ginjall from one of the forts. To my surprise, however, the Consul added that he should not address Keying about this until the 9th, the day after he wrote, although the occurrence had taken place on the 6th. It is obvious that Keying would not be disposed to attach much importance to what the Consul did not mention until three days after it happened. " I theretore lost no time in addressing a strong note to Keying. " The 42d Regiment was on the eve of embarking for Madras, but Major-General D'Aguilar concurred with me in the advisability of suspending their de parture until a full and satisfactory explanation, and, if necessary, reparation, had been obtained from Keying. " My note went up on the 10th instant, and on the morning of the lath I received through the consul a handsome and conclusive reply from the Imperial Commissioner, in which he announced the degrada tion of the two officers in the fort, and the flagellation of the men. Your Lordship will observe that Key ing calls on God to witness the sincerity of his con stant wish to maintain peace, and do what is right. lie adds, in the same note, that the rioters at Cha tow, on the 24th October, besides flogging, be paraded in the wooden collar near the factories, with their offence inscribed." On the 20th of November Sir John Davis, in a further letter to Viscount Palmerston, complains of the residents at Canton sending over false reports as to the state of the country, which were productive of much mischief; and he adds : " In your Lordship's second rep'.y to the Liverpool Association, you left it to time and events to decide whether their anticipations as to the future results of the measures in the Canton River would be verified or not. They themselves must now be glad that their frightful dreams have not been realised. " The speculations of the association as to a steamer opposite the factories are happily rendered superfluous by the fact that now, for the first time since the peace, it may be confidently predicated a steamer will not be required. There is an end of the mob at Canton in its antagonism to the factories, and this is a great point gained. With the mob Keying could not well deal ; with individual aggressors he not only can, but has shown plainly that he will. I beg to attach to this dispatch a statement from Mr. Johnston of his personal experience of the improved state of Canton." Mr. Johnston, in his communication, observes— " There is a very observable improvement in the temper of the people of Canton, and after a few days' stay at that place I was so struck by the improve ment, that I walked with the most perfect confidence round the city, through the extensive suburb to the east and west of it; and I also visited the Budhist Temple at Houan, where I remained for upwards of two hours. These expeditions were made without meeting the slightest opposition or molestation. . • During a residence in the south of China since 1834 I have never before thought it safe to go round the city of Canton." On the same day, however, on which this letter , was w ritten, Captain M'Dougall, of her Majesty's ship Vulture, while walking round the city with the con sul, vice-consul, and interpreter , w as pelted with stones by some boys. We now come to the dispatches relating to the last and most atrocious outrage, namely, the murder of six English gentlemen at a village a few miles up the river from Canton. These papers fill a considerable portion of the volume, and many of them have already been published. It, therefore, is unnecessary to re peat them ; but there are others of considerable interest. The following is the dispatch of Sir John Davis to Viscount Palmerston on the subject:— " Canton, December 13, 1847. "My Lord,—On the 7th instant, I received a state ment at Hong-Kong from Mr. Consul M'Gregor, that six young Englishmen—John Bellamy, Henry Balk will, Patrick M'Carte, William Brown, William Rutter, Alexander Small, clerks to merchants at Canton—had proceeded about three miles up the river on the sth in a Chinese boat, and that they had not been heard of until the time he wrote on the 6th. "On the Bth I learned, to my great horror, as well by private letters as by the inclosed dispatch from the Consul (which, in some of its details, has since proved incorrect), that the above six young men, some of them wiih pistols in their possession, went into the village called Hwang- chu-kee, three miles above Canton, and, getting into an afray with the natives, shot one of them Glead;and wounded two others, and that, being overpowered by numbers, they were all of them ultimately murdered with circum stanceshojunti a oeho f . rsnsafn:e K ttoayilanmel e dni,nias y adneevt ndt daylight notes n vsoeldtil I g iinenrgdibesgdapojhu o nli, noa n dat ltnpaciothnnnhew t noet eo h jefs, txt i 7 s hBterwt hdeteh o hoea c fut. co c ohl ad follow ing instantsot hwboi guiltyi this, n ttwiuhhnnagee,st‘vindicated,rie should mneinhcvyol ieeoernods morning, ixacedn g dtprl agr r adenne e ba:m a de yylttsanee,t and cdahtirwhe anxiety h,texh e r t. which el addressinghcental:ytuar2yist. t dtialelusm, mean while, embarkednwedrotecalmsm.e for dteh teaCianadneddt additional w be hi d c o h ne. I forward as rd r a n s eiosed indicativereply f roofmhoisn board s a a h l n i o x h ie l f d ty to assure me th a t a ll w hi c h j ust i ce requ i re d the feeling which I da h l iuesh, would b u id endeavouredbe excited b convince at h e imofti'e barbarous " On my way up to Canton I received the annexed from Keying, dated the 11th instant, in which he detailed the further measures taken for the apprehen sion of the murderers, and added that six of the parties concerned had been captured. " On my arrival at Canton yesterday , I foun d t hat all the bodi es o f the murdered persons had been re covered in a shocking mutilated state, and that they had been buried by their friends. I lost no time in addressing the inclosed note to Keying, in which I acknowledged his express determination to do justice, and proposed that officers deputed by myself should tion : " Whereas in the case of the boat of the British ve,sel Shah Allum, having been robbed on the river between Canton and Whamp oa , an d cer t a i n p ar ti es tieing wounded by the robber s i n oppos i ng (th e i r at tempts to save their property), some ti me ago when you sent in a statement on the subject, I wrote to the proper district magistrate and military officer, o rdering them to dispatch a strong force of soldiers and police to make rigorous search for the criminals, who must (I stated) be seized. " Subsequently, on the 11th o f O c t o b er , the said military officer and district magistrate delivered over to me the following nine criminals concerned in this case : _Woo-a-luh, Le-a-fuh, Chin-a- tseen, Tsang soo- te, K a-kew, Tan-a-sew, Hwang-a-shing, Fung-a-chin, and Kwoa-haou, together with a booty, also seized, consisting of ten pieces of foreign cloth. I immediately ordered a commissioner to have the criminals brought before him and to try I am a native of the Nan them. hae " 30th of Septeinber, having h appene d t o mee t with NVoo-a district, luh anddepfiosfetyd---ni4ne years of age. On the an old acqua i ntance, Le-a-fuh, at present appre hended, we had a conversation together on our poverty and hardships; when Le-a-fuh told me that he was acquainte d with a bl ac k-f a ced man named Mosha, who had informed him that his master's boat, laden with a large quantity of property, would proceed on the 2d of October to Whampoa, and must go by way of the North Barrier.' 1 immediately proposed that we should collect some companions, go to the place in question, rob the boat , and divide th e b oo ty obtained for our own use ; to whic h proposition he agreed. Im mediately afterwards I collected the following persons at present apprehended :—Chin. a-tseen, Tsang- soo- te, Kwo-a-kew, Tan-a-sew, Hwang- a - s hing, and Kwo a-haou ; together with the f o ll ow i ng n ot yet ap prehended, Chin-a kew, Chin-a-se, Leang a-woo, Leang-a-tung, HO-a-sze, Tan-a-san, and Leang yung-hing. With these we sat out in a vessel, and on the 2d of October, some time after two o'clock, reached the river in the neighbourhood of the Barrier, just as the boat of the Shah Allum arrived. I immediately caused Leang-yung-hing to stand up in the head of the vessel, with a false letter in his hand, and to say that he wished to deliver it to the boat. The people on board of the boat hearing and believing this, came alongside of us, on which I and Le a-fuh, Chip-a-tseen, Tsang-soo-tee, Ching-a-kew, Chin a- se, and Leang-yung- hing, immediately boarded her in order to search and hin. plunder , her ; Kwo-a-kew, and Tan-a•sew, Hwang a-sg, ung a-chin, Kwo-a-haou, with the rest of our compa nions, received the booty on board of our vessel. The Foreigners g rasped their weapons and advanced with shouts in order to seize us, upon which I and Le-a-fuh opposed and wounded them with swords. The rest of the foreigners, fear ing our violence, escaped by swimming. I, with Le-a- fuh and the others , then serched the boat in order to plunder her, an d succeeded in getting one case, two bags of copper cash, and 13 i dollars which were on the persons of the wounded foreigners. After this a fast boat came towards us and fired a a pprehensive of being seized, gun, when, becoming we, severally carrying t he above articles of booty with us, returned to ou r vessel and sailed to a se cluded place, where we examined and counted off the booty. The property robbed consisted in d all of a case containing • • 40 pieces of foreign cloth, an two bags containing a sum of 30,000 copper cash. We re tained 10 pieces of the cloth together with the case, the rest we sold to a person whose name is unknown to me. The ca s h, as also the silver got by the robbery, we divided a mong us by shares, and then all dis persed. Subsequently I was sough , r and a.ppre hended by the soldiers and the pol 'his is the truth.' " Le-a- fuh deposed that be was thirty-three y ears of age, Chin-a. tseen that he was fort y -four y ears of a g e, , I:sang-so o -t e that he was thirty-three years of age, kwo-a-ke w th a t h e was twenty-nine years of age, Tan-a-s ew that he was twenty-eight years of age Hwlaang-a-shing that he was thirty-four years of age, Fung-a-chin that he was twenty-five years of age, and Kwo-a-haou that he was twenty-five years of age. They all deposed alike that they were natives of the N an h ae di str i c t, and their depositions agreed as to the rest with that of Woo- a-luh. On being crows-examined, they all agreed to the above state ments, and there was no concealment or glossing of the facts in the case. " Woo-a-luh and Le-a-fuh have been sentenced in accordance with the clause, ' that in case of robbery witness the execution of the guilty, adding that I was ready to assist him with a force in case of need. " The British merchants at Canton had applied for fifty men to be sent up as a security to the factories, and Major-General D'Aguilar, with my concurre nce, dispatched them in the Vulture steamer on the 10th instant. There is nothing whatever, in my opinion, to jeopardize the tranquillity of the factories. The general feeling, even among the better Chinese, is one of disgust and resentment at the late atrocious outrage in a place which is noted for the bad charac ter and turbulence of its inhabitants. " The villages where the tragedy occurred have been deserted by the natives, and Keying has taken possession of and sealed up the public buildings. Many of our officers have visited the locality, and seen it surrounded by the boats and men of the Chinese Government. No pains will be spared by me to obtain the immediate execution of the murderers " I have, &c. (Signed) " J. F. DAVIS." The following are the inclosures alluded to : " Canton, December 7, 1847. " Sir,—Referring to my dispatches of yesterdays date, I have to report to your Excellency that towards evenirg I received information that a report was spread among the Chinese that the six young men therein alluded to had been murdered by the villagers of Hwang- chu-ke. 1 have heard several versions of this atrocious act, all of which agree in the fact that soon after our countrymen had lauded near the village just mentioned, they were surrounded and attacked by the inhabitants, in consequence of which an affray ensued, in which two of our people were killed. The remaining four, who had no arms of defence, save, perhaps, a cane, fled, but were hotly pursued by the villagers through several places, and at last overtaken at a place called Ilang-kaou, where the combat was renewed, and here it seems the fugi tives were overpowered by numbers, captured, and put to death on the following morning. This report could not but cause a great deal of excitement among the foreign population of Canton ; and some among the British residents, impatient at the slow proceedings of the Chinese authorities, and the suspense in which they were kept for want of official information regarding the fate of our young countrymen, had resolved to proceed to the spot and act for themselves. Asithis would be interfering with the duties of the magistrates, who had already been dispatched to the village by the Imperial High Com missioner, with orders to investigate the matter, I thought it right to warn the British residents not to adopt such a course, in a notice, of which I have the , honour of inclosing a copy. "In order to obtain early and positive information upon a subject which absorbed all other considerations in the minds of our countrymen, I instructed Mr. Vice-Consul Elmslie to proceed to the village at an early hour, there to meet the magistrate, to urge him to greater activity, and, above all, to obtain a clue to what had become of our missing countrymen. From that gentleman's report, of which I enclose a copy, your Excellency will observe that no progre's had been made in the matter for the last twenty-four hours, and that the affair is still involved in the same mys tery as before. Under these circumstances I have again addressed the Imperial High Commissioner, complaining of the apparent want of energy in the proceedings of the local authorities, and hope to be able to inform you of the result of my application in my next dispatch. I inclose in the meantime a copy of that high officer's communication, which he sent me in answer to my first report of the unfortunate occurrence, from which it is manifest he lost not a moment in giving the necessary orders for its prompt investigation. " I shall be expecting your Excellency's instruc tions how I am further to proceed in this melancholy affair; and as Ido not wish to detain the extra boat which I have hired for the conveyance of this dis patch, I have only time to add that " I have, &c., (Signed) " FRANCIS C. MACGREGOR. " P.S. Since writing the above, the Nandarine Tung and Ning have called upon me, by order of the Imperial High Commissioner, with a message, to say that the Kwang-chow-foo and several other officers of rank had proceeded to Hwang-chu•ke to assist in the investigation, which they were instructed to say should he carried on with all the dispatch which circumstances permitted. They added, that if the persons missing were found to be still alive, they should be immediately released, and if slain, their bodies should be given up for interment. (Signed) " FRANCIS C. 111 ACGREGOR." (To be continued). WALKING IN THE STREETS OF LONDON.—There is great art in walking the streets of London: the coun tryman is a long while before he gets into the practice; and his awkwardness in this respect is one of the marks by which he is very readily distinguished, even if he have doffed his country-cut coat and hat, and ima gines he is altogether one of "the right sort." How quickly will a pickpocket fix him in his eye, and keep cio,e to his heels in a crowd for a whole street to.L;ether! The habit of gazing at shop-windows, and at every trifling novelty in the great thoroughfares, and the want of that utter indifference to everything but the object towards which he is journeying, dis , anguish the indigenous individual from the stranger in the street. The genuine Londoner is an absent man in the most crowded parts of the city; he proceeds on his way, casting up his bills in his mind, arranging to morrow's business, or prjucting new schemes of profit, j.s unmoved and abstracted a, if he were walking alone across a desert. Ile never jostles those he meets, either right or left, but proceeds along, clear of porters and draymen, gliding with the current of vitality that flows on his own way at the general rate, nor breaking in upon the countermarches who face him in a continued stream; he could peruse a book or a newspaper, uninter ruptedly, during his progress from Charing-cross to the India House, in the midst of thousands, undisturbing and undisturbed, his habitual ease, in such circumstances, being the distinguishing trait of his character. The so journer of the provinces, on the other hand, when visiting the metropolis, is sadly puzzled to steer clear of the multitudes he meets. It is pleasant to see him launched forth in the metropolis for the first time, raw from Cumberland or Westmoreland. Now he gets into the current of people passing the opposite way to him self, and finds himself pushed off the pavement into the middle of the street ; now he staggers among those who have their right hand to the wall, and, not keeping the pace of the rest of the passengers, is pushed forward, or jostled, or stopp in g at a win (low to see some common-place thing, obstructs the passengers, and is pushed through t he g lass, or loses his pocket-handkerchief. Disasters are for ever occurring — he is bewildered by the noise and confusion around him, and is happy to return , and take his rest at his inn, It is , scarcely credible to a Lon , :oner, but there are well authenticated instances of t( mporary madness in persons bred up in the privacy and solitude of remote country villages, from being left alone, and getting bewildered in the streets of the metropolis. DARING BURGLARY NEAR GLASGOW.—One of the most daring and successful burglaries ever perpetrated in this vicinity, was effected on Saturday morning at the residence of Mr. Stirling, bleacher, Hoggan field, about three miles out of town, on the Cumbernauld road. That gentleman's residence is closely adjacent to the bleaching•green, where there is always a private watchman stationed at night. It may be mentioned that M r . S t i r li ng is un married; and the only other inmate in the house besides himself is a servant girl, who occupies the kitchen on the ground floor. When they retired to rest, about one o'clock on the morning in question, everything was quiet and secure. Shortly before that hour, according to the statement of the private watch man, he observed two men looking through one of the windows of the works, and immediately went towards them; but on the parties seeing him they made off. In a few minutes afterwards, however, while he was going his rounds, the same individuals, as he sup poses, suddenly sprang upon him, and, before he could recover his presence of mind, he was bound hand and foot with a strong cord, which effectually prevented him moving from the spot. After beating him severely, they forced him, under the most dreadful threats of taking his life (at the same time brandishing a large clasp-knife), to show them the entrance into the warehouse, c f which he had the key. The poor fellow, who expected that every moment was to be his last, complied, and after getting access to the warehouse, they broke open severa l desks in search of money, but with ou t success . Leaving . the watchman still bound, t h e two men , whose faces were closely muffled up, then procured a ladder from an outhouse, which they placed against the wall of Mr. Stirling's dwelling-house, and one of them mounted up to the root'. He then de scended one of the chimneys into the interior of the house, and opened a back door to his companion, who rushed in. The servant girl was awakened by the noise of the opening door, and her first impulse was to scream out; but, fortunately for herself, she kept quiet, and feigned to be be sound asleep. The first place the ruffians came into was the apartment in which she was, w h e re they immediately struck a light with a lucifer match, which they were provided with. One of them remarked to the othe r that, as the girl was asleep, they might let her alone, and they both left the . kitchen, speedily finding their wa y t o the bed-room of Mr. Stirling. Mr. Stirling, who was in bed, made such a resistance, when they attempted to fasten him d:wn, that one of the burglars aimed a blow at him with a short crow-bar, which he held in his hand, and broke his arm, thus rendering him entirely powerless. The ruffians then commenced to ransack the house for money which seemed to be their principal object; but we un derstand they only succeeded in securing a small sum, all in silver. A man who was arrested the same night, in Glasgow, under suspicious circumstances, has been identified as one of the burglars.—North British Mail. HERRING TRADE.—WICK, APRIL 13.—Within the last fortnight a quantity approaching 10.000 barrels of herrings has been shipped from the east coast, for the Stettin market—the greater part being from the stations extending from Wick to Helmsdale, inclusive. Notwith standing this comparatively large n um b er, a t t hi s ad vanced period of the season, there does not seem any ground to fear a serious tall in the price at the Stettin market. One small cargo yet remains for shipment here; after the dispatch of which our curers will have clear stores so tar as this district is concerned. Indeed the remark may be considered as applying to what is generally denominated "the Caithness coast."—lnver nem Courier. RETAINER OF COUNSEL. The following are the proposed rules of practice relating to the retainer of counsel submitted to the judges of the superior courts and to the bar by the Incorporated Law Society : General retainers-1. That a general retainer applies to all courts in which the counsel receiving it usually practises. 2. That if the counsel should be offered a retainer by the opponent of the party, having given such retainer in any other court than that in which he usually practises, the general retainer entitles the party giving it to notice before the offered retainer is accepted. 3. That, except it be lost, wording to any of the following rules, the retainer lasts for the joint lives of client and counsel, or so long as the counsel continues in practice. 4. In case a special retainer or brief is offered to counsel against the party who has given a general retainer, the coun sel is at liberty to accept the special retainer or brief of the other party, unless within one week a fter issue joined or replication filed a special retainer he given by the party who gave the general retainer. general retainer has been given and a 5. Where a enro suit hi t delivered i n which to the the r p e a t r a t i y n e g d i v igiving counsel the generali n any h g e e re ner a al b r r e i t e a f in i e s r is entirely a b e r t le io f n is co unsel only, unnecessary.6. given to Et an i l se unless concerned, r casesne d, the wd Where a the services of the re los lost, retainer un general retainer d he defends separately, with others, an t a juniorin e d counsel appear . is g i ven but for o is n e o p th e e r r s o w n i , se an i f d the retainer is binding,hehedeis sued or sues retainer n a e i r n s e ; 7. Sulject to the foregoing continue unless the given for a corporation will fend jointly.—Corporation anrudlepsa,ratngeresnhei hen a charter accepted. 8. W . general it continues so long as given for a partnership or firm, corporation be dissolved, or the grant of a new Age neral retainer may be given for a rPa lr e retainer trae the style of the partnership or firm provisionalcontinues. e9h.mniit.tee in respect of any subject of acttion or suit byo again s t suc h committee, or any mem b er o r members of it, arising out of the concern in which they are provisional committeemen.—Special retainers : 10. A special retainer may be given before the com mencement of an action at law or a suit in equity. 11 A special retainer gives the client a right to the services of the counsel during the whole progress of the cause, including interlocutory applications, and bills of exceptions and rehearings. 12. The retained counsel is entitled to a brief on every occasion in which the -------- THE BRIG VIATKA. Via t k a, It is well known in this to wn that the brig w hich was expected to arrive i n Hull in November last, was not heard of after leaving Ar chan g el on the 18th of September last, the presump tion being t h a t she was cast away at sea, and all hands perished. We are happY m in having the opportunity of presen tin g to the public co munications which have been received during th 1: e pre sent week by Messrs. J. and H. Levett, of this ?rt , who are the owners of the Viatka. The following ls a letter w ritten by Messrs. Levett's agents at Archange, at the request of the master of the brig (Capt. Chambers) to his wile, who resides at No. 69, Francis -street West, Hull:— " Archangel, 20th March, 1848. " Dear Madam,—You will be extremely anxious at not hearing from your husband, or of the Viatka for so long. lam hap py to be able to tell you that he is ter' quite sa; I received a letter which I have from him on Thursday at no fe on, the contents of commu,,icated to, Messrs. Levett. The ship is now lying in hay, under ', ta ri blends, near Cape Sweetnose, where tley put in on the 20th December, after having been beyond the Cape and expo,ed to most boisterous weather: Their provisions had run short, and Mr. Chambers badb avery sate been at a village three or four days' journey from t_ 0 0 ship and got provisions. The crew all well, except th b e ing m at e , and Mr. Chambers complai ns of his heads to find succeed; or having been frost- bitten. We are trying man to go out to Mr. Chambers, and hope to succee had it been earlier in the season it would noes,e been so difficult, the roads being bad now for sledgs en d 11 ' 4 p as s a ble for wheels, as spring is approaching ea rlier t han well unde r u•til. Make yourself easy now , but I can stand that you must have had a most anxious winter, a nd indeed when I heard the ot her day only that the ship h a d no t a r r ived home, I almost d es p aired all safe. of hearing of her again, but, thank Providenc e, they are - 1 - shall a s k Mr. Chambers to send me a few lines for you. but it will be a long time before I can get them. " The following is a not less important extract from 0 letter addressed to Messrs. Levett direct: hers,.Y f e r s o t m erd p ai n, l ,e r , eceived a letter from Captain Ch ant left Archangel datedßar on weeks after they were only 150 m iles S. W. of the Cage d the e t h loth February, o c tOctober, r s , t it a t n i n d g ttatt slixo with very little daylight; that he never experie rie b e t such bad weather. He tried to put into Hamerfest, a_ could not succeed, and was obliged to repass tel Cape_ with the intention of getting as near to Archangel to could, but the heavy gales from the S.W. prevented 11:0 getting up the White Sea, and they were very g lad t he pet into a bay under the lokan Islands close to Sweetnose, where the ship now lies. This was °II they 20th of December, when provisions getting were put on proportionate allowance. It wa Inhabitants'till the 25th of January that they got sight of any O . n that day two Laplanders came near the ship, k oo . r ' h ug, and Captain Chambers accompanied them to their uts, and persuaded them to let him have three stonier s hort, of coarse meal, and a small reindeer, in exchange them for some articles of clothing. Further, he engaged tu it take him to Panoe, a village about fou r days' j ° ter this side where the ship lies, and whence his letter %5 written. There is a letter from Me ssrs. Gobenoff, that° tuities, and Co. dated the 22 d Fe bruar y , stating ld Capt. Chambers has dispatched what p rovisions he 01 procure to the ship, and had followed himself." , t he 509 The following is an extract from a letter or an gel : \., e li w nab i . t a h vDe t o h lt e o, s op informtr) , e c E e s d q i preceding you that addressedtn from Arch date Capta in the ' — brig Viatka, , in h r, Chambers, which sailed hence on the 18th Ser" e— e be 1847, to Hull, has just been heard of. It appears that t_, vessel, while proceeding on her voyage, met with veil boisterous weather. In consequence of the nearly gales of wind she was driven about until nearlY(„Ill middle of December, when, after he had unsuceess'.%d attempted to make Hamerfest, the captain deterrirr. on putting back into the ‘l, hite Sea, and made the pith bour of lokan and Cape Sweetnose Bay, 00 the, 20th of December. It was only two days since that the l e e brit , was received from the captain, dated the 13th ni . Fr that ary, stating his safe arrival there. By it, it aPP ea ": tof the crew have suffered great privations frowillw-Dhsfe provisions, and it is expected that vessel l been obtainable in the places where the now obe and the present state of the roads almost precideauee possibility of any being sent hence, but every t' their will now be afforded them in order to alleviate: h o present wants. It does not appear that e th ti e b'ndersPtsad ' sustained any material injury, though W that her cargo is much heated." „.,argo is mu.:.....,__ A , li gl -- - --- CHLOROFORM in HYDROPI I `-' - ”, ca se The Free Press has an interesting account of tb by . of Mr. Tayman. He was bitten nine weeks eg ci s w ad, little dog which he owned, but not knowing it w a ra itsed the wound, which at first bled fre el y , was P er f e lt s a to heal up. Tho dog disappeared, but still he . ,_ we ek, apprehension ot danger until Thursday of h l3l o f tbe when he felt a sudden and acute pain in the se ar to his wound, which shot like lightning up his °ln fo ti le shoulder, and thence through his breast. Then d ; h° first time were the fears of the unhappy man arou se g hi! felt a presentiment of his death, and said to one cas t; sons, who was by at the time, " that his die A' s ' s w hich The account in the Free Press says—" The P, al. ,; er hie had been wounded continued to fe el uneas y , an roelSir to inflame—the patient became anxious, drowq , „bog choly, and prone to anger, and complained of e'er/which around him. His slumbers, when he could s leep , a lto' was hardly at all, were disturbed with con ,lll , iv e ;0 0 tions, his countenance frequently put on the 0 0" Corr of the deepest sorrow, his face becam e pale aOO L i at tracted, sweat broke out from his temples, follow: and length by an unusual flow of saliva trom his niou t "' an by constant tremour, and convulsions ot the nerves so tendons. Now all sleep was intermitted, watch tO, became constant and intense, delirium seized the 1-117 ,, e il and finally the aqua paver, or dread of water (w" . „ - if infallibly fixes the disease as incurable), showed it6,-,0 by horrible shudderings whenever anything liquid carne within his view. In his worst condition there appea.r.,, intervals of reason, during which he would talk sensie.. of his condition, and warn his friends to beware of kir!: —a warning very necessary, and the neglect of wille; nearly proved fatal to our worthy tellow•citiaen, the Slie William Fort, whose throat was for a short time 111,1_0, convulsive grasp of the maniac, but was soon provorhe dully released by the interposition of persons fro l ot great crowd which surrounded the house, who at the moment entered the room. During the viol . 1 ' h i s attack ether was administered, which prostrat n _r e d energies, and caused him to fall, and in falling he iff,, t 'a it a second time, for the purpose, as he subsectlthe stated, of producing death. On recovering f ro .. s red effects of the ether, his agonies in creased and beegibwith description, and unfortunately h e became inapre*s li ci it iti the idea that the ether increased h is misery, wi ii° ,,, con' _believed was not the case. His best friend s hen° 0,10 sidered his enemies, having in their possession s ~h ol o• of subtle poison. On the fifth day of the attack:sole form was administered, which rendered him iusheotne for ten minutes. Convulsions succeeded, whic 1 i i t abg so violent as to render it necessary to manacle the,iiiadot the patient. The chloroform was a second t i p ; s • . llC ministered, and for a while seemed wholly P° 4 . w i r r ba - ck ' A i a. , length it took effect, the unhappy ma n le- a d iel ",l ' sensible, made three attempts at respiration, en.nistere- The Free Press thinks the chloroform we'' 3 ' 1 2 133 :h - 0 - tr i t e : too late, as the unfortunate man was dying - t Jc, - Is Had it been given at an earlier stage ot the attsc a fo gs. believed it would have at least assuaged- without auDefather Mr. 'layman leaves four small children, i..r-dge: owprlaasmy playing;.—Baltimore leaeycsbolyinppaoaf.. mada doggentleman,w awthrch he f o. di. • is 0 MUSCULAR BtEiumlnix:dtiEnctsE.—Muscular exercise frost rect source of pleasure to every one not suffering 'roe diseased action. Every one must have felt thi s i, eo all, effect of using the muscles of voluntary motion , : t i c , si ns, the processes of the economy are being i t ; i f s tefi a healthily performed, is to impart a marke d and g c are stimulus to the sentient nerves o f the p art, and Bmgelie' sponding and grateful stimulus t o the nervous spite tucii°lll rally, sufficiently noticeable by the mind w hen 5 . 0 the of its analysis, and alway s ministerin g indirectly!_ning happiness of the indivi d u al, colourin g and brighle.a to the thoughts and feeling s. So much is this belie"o3so be the case by some, that it has been asserted ---s ea. may use his limbs too much to leave him in S, b ,, e t reet joyment of his fullest capability of pure and 0 "' - dalf thought, and to the extent of making him ti n a or imaginative, Although this may well 'be On e ot of doubt, the fact, and its wise and her:lo l9 .oi intention, remain unaffected: that man del l o , an immediate pleasurable sensation from using 17 0 ,, e 6t, luntary muscles, which not only gives to labour sl e w and even to monotonous movements some degree ,° e ar joy ment, but produces a reaction on the mind itsetsicolt bellishing a life of virtu ous toil with a degree of P"i'vefr enjoyment, and menta l ener gy , buo y ancy, and b IP lightheartedness , tha t can never be afforded io fl' degree to the drones of the human hive. C il 4 *; 6 q TRADE BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND -11 „dar ,- , - / The number of ships which arrived in Hong-Nl.tio, I.:if the year 1847 was 699, viz., 43 from Great 13", - 0 5, 0 ",j from the British colonies, 16 from the United St at es, ontlig 195 from foreign states. The total tonnage 111-pee; to 229,465. The value of the imports into ile ng pic a in Chinese vessels , during 1846, was 642,700 P i n e . t 1,, 325,7801. ; and in 1847, 840,990 piculs, or 493,25' pee 1 est imated value of sugar exported from 11913 g during 1847 amounted to 144,827/. pf toll On the 31st ult., at Messina, wife of Hen r i BIRTHS. e l l the Rew, Esq., of a son. On the 12th inst., at Welborne Parsonage, Norf°llt+ tie OP lady of the Rev. Barham Johnson, of io g ee T On the 14th inst., Mrs. John Sidy Stuartasen., of - 00c1' , r , heobald's-park, Cheshunt, Hefts of a daughter. ors' r, On the 15th inst., at Hereford-villas, Dalston, `'"'°. Bond, of a son. thew ife of Samuel Osborn, On the lsth ins Esq.,t., a s t u Manor-terrace, g l a sou,n o r - o t f e arrasocnel Brixton, Ail the 16th inst., at NV inktieid Vicarage, the On perks , - lefr of the Rev. C. J. Elliott, of a daughter. ' CO On the 16th inst., at - Stanifurd•hill, Mrs. Ric herd C. ,tolb of a daughter. Av fre' a he On the 12th inst., at Beeston Hall, Norfo lk, Lay '0 of a daughter. On the 13th inst., the H o n. Mrs. Bradshw , of 'l's° an • oe ; 100 1 MARRIF.D. On the 13th inst., at the British Embassy' , P lr 'f st /tO .- General Henry Hodgson, to Helen, eldest daughter ° Honyman. P t ' DIED. , 1 d, °° On the 10th inst. at Birr, King's County , sr e-s5 s or, Egerton,Light 'lnfantry, aged 39. Tho m On the 11th inst at Aylsham, Norfolk, lif.' ~ ri• hare, Esq,, aged 82. 1/0. On the 11th inst., at Staplehurs t, Kent, the 00 /3 Hornbuckle, Rector, aged 73. The o° ' On the 13th inst., at Wimbledon, L a wrence o of of Major Oliphant, aged 9 months. infer t°° On the 17th inst., at Hampstea d, Francis, the W. B. Cooper, Esq. - -- ' si - IJ NIG ' ----------in '0 ' 1 1/ j London: Printed and Published Th e Sun g loile• b ,,, No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Otfige e'ooolv Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in th Middlesex, saturtay, April 22, 1848. )