The Sun. — London, England, 1865-11-14 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence. V ALLE TTA, Nov. 6.—Her Majesty's paddlewheel -----ClespatZliVesserPsyche, 2, Lieut.-Com. A. R. Blane, arrived on the 2d inst. in tw) days from Naples, • and is riding 'out her quarantine in the Marsamu seetto harbour. She brought news that the Victoria, 102; screw line of battle ship, bearing the flag of the C o mmander-in-Chief Vice-Admiral Sir R. Smart, K.C.8.), which left Naples under sail on the 30th ult., might be expected that afternoon. She did not, however, make her appearance until this morning, and is now entering port. The Gibraltar, 81, screw line-of-battle ship, Capt. R. Coote, and the Racer, 11, screw corvette, Com. L. Brine, had been despatched to the lonian Islands and Greece for the protection of. British interests, in consequence of the excited state of the country. The Royal 9ak, 35, ironcased frigate, screw, Capt. F. A. Campbell, arrived at Malta on the 4th instant, having on board as passengers Sir J. Domville and Lady.Domville, She was last from. Syracuse, where • she left on the 3d inst. the Caledonia, 31, ironcased screw ship, Capt. the Hon. F. A. ,Foley (flagship of Rear-Admiral 1 11. R. Yelverton, C. 8.), and the Resistance, •16, iron screw ship, Capt. W. C. Cham berlain. The Enterprise, 4, ironcased sloop, screw, was at Palermo. It was generally believed on board the Royal Oak that Rear-AdMiral Yelverton would soon repair to Malta to replenish stores. The Pelican , • 17, .screw corvette, Coreanander.R. P. Cator, com pleted her 10 days of quarantine this morning, and was admitted to pratique. The Phoebe, 35, screw frigate, Capt. W. It. Rolland, will be out of qua rantine to-morrow. The arrival of these vessels from Naples hail already been reported. On Nov. 2 a court-martial was held on board her Majesty's ship Hibernia to try Gunner Winburne, Royal Ma rine Artillery-1, for breaking out of H.M.S. Orlando ; 2, for striking a non-commissioned officer while under arrest ; and-3, for abusive language to the wardroom officers. Capt. White, of her Ma jesty's ship Cossack, presided, and Mr. Goddart, Assist. Paymaster of her Majesty's ship Orlando, officiated as Crown Advocate. The prisoner was found guilty, and sentenced to receive 48 lashes, to be reduced to the second class, and to beimprisoned for 12 months in Lewes Gaol. Our harbour is again assuming its lively appearance, from the presence of a large portion of the fleet. The following is a com plete list of the ships of war now in port :—The Victoria, 102 (flagship of Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Smart) ; the Hibernia, receiving-ship (flagship of Rear-Admiral 11. Kellett); the Royal Oak, 35, iron clad ; the Orlando, 46, screw frigate; Phoebe, 33, screw frigate ; Cossack, 20, Chanticleer, 17, and ' Pelican, 17, screw corvettes ; the Assurance, 4, and Surprise, 4, screw gunvessels; the Psyche,2,despatch • vessel ; the Wizard, 2, and Cockatrice, 2, screw gun boats ; the Azoff, sailing tender ; Hearty, tug ; and Weser, paddlewheel gunvessel (dismantled). Foreign.—Russian frigate Peresvet, 45, and Tuni sian screw steamer Mahersia. The iron-cased screw steamship Lord Clyde, 24, was taken outside Plymouth Sound on Saturday to make a trial of her engines, under the inspection of Captain Edmonstone, C.B. Mr. Steil, assistant engineer from Keyham Steam-yard ; Mr. Dinnen, Inspector of Machinery Afloat ; and Mr. Saunders, Second-Master Shipwright, were present on the part of the Admiralty. Mr. Ravenhill represented the manufacturers of the engines. In consequence of bad weather she was only able to make two runs at the measured mile, but these, considering her pecu liar construction, - were very satisfactory. The Lord Clyde was built at Pembroke on the lines of Mr. Reed, Chief Constructor for the Navy. She is 280 ft. long, 58ft. 9in. broad, and has a depth of hold of 20ft. gin. ; her burden is 4,067 tons. Her engines are fitted with cylinders of very large diameter for the purpose of using the steam expansively, also with surface condensers, superheaters, and tubular boilers, having brass tubes 21in. outside diameter, and containing an aggregate heating surface of 19,000 square feet, with a great surface of 700 square feet. There are nine boilers arranged in two groups, one of four pieces and the other of five, each group having a chimney 7ft. tin. in diameter. The engines arc capable of exerting an indicated power of 6,000 horses, being a multiple of 6 to 1 of their nominal power, and, as closely as their requirements would admit, are of the same style of double piston rod engines as those made. by the same firm with ordi nary condensers, which are well known both in the British and foreign navies. They are a pair of direct-acting horizontal engines, with double piston rods, having cylinders of 116-in. diameter, with a l stroke of 4ft. Each cylinder weighs upwards of :30 tons, and the crank shank weighs 25 tons. The slide valves arc placed vertically on the outside of the cylinders, and are worked directly by means of a solid link motion. Although the cylinders are brought well towards the fore and aft centre line of the ship, there is ample space between the connecting rods and the cylinders for getting to the glands of the stuffing-boxes of both the piston rods and the air-pump rods, which latter are worked from the main pistons of the engines. The connecting rods are 9ft. sin. long, being seven times the length of the crank. . The air-pumps and the foot and de livering valves, which are of india-rubber, working on brass seats,. can be easily examined and removed. The feed and bilge pumps, in brass, are fitted with indiarubber valies, and worked direct from the cross heads, Gridiron expansion valves are also applied, and are worked directly from the shaft by means of eccentrics and rods. The condensers are fitted on Ala.'s system, with vertical tubes, the end of every tube having a small stuffing box and packing gland, -both in the top and bottom tube plates of the con densers. The condensing water is circulated by means of two centrifugal pumps, one to each con denser, which are worked by a pair of independent donkey engines. In addition to the ordinary start ing: gear, steam cylinders are fitted to facilitate the handling of these large engines. The machinery is fitted • with a four-bladed propeller, fixed on the stern shaft. The cylinders are the greatest in dia meter, and the engines therefore the largest that have yet 'Keen supplied to the British na v y. The draught of water of the Lord Clyde was forward 22ft. 4in., and. t. 24ft. 10in. The vacuum in the condensers forward 27in., aft 28in. Speed, first run, 4min. 26 sec. ; second, 4 min. 26 sec., equal to 13.533 knots per hour. The speed of the screw was 12.825, showing negative slip of .708 or nearly three-quarters of a knot. Revolutions', first run, 65i per minute ; second, 56 ; i n di cated horse- we; 6, 110 ; nominal; 1 , 00 0 ; propeller, f our b laded dia meter of screw, 23ft. ; pitch, 221 t. bin. wi n d north cast, force Ito 2. Sea smooth. It has been gene rally feared among naval officers and others that owing to the construction of the Lord Clyde with a long protruding prow, armed with a heavy mass of metal, it would be impossible to realise a speed of 1;1 knots ; but the *result of the trial has demonstrated those fears to be groundless. The engineers are confident that when the vessel can have the ad vantage •of making the usual six runs under cir - munstances of certain slight modifications in the en- Ones that still better results will be obtained, and that a speed of 14 knots will be realised. The speed of the Lord Clyde is, however, already in excess of any vessel of at all similar dimensions. ller M a j esty ' s 6 tons burd en gun paddle sloop Spiteful, 1,054 and 280 horse power, commissioned at Woolwich by C ommander W. D. Fletcher on the 6th inst., yesterclpy commenced rec . eiving her furni ture and sea stock. i rd l s l g e a rcrew were also transferred from the flagship r her departureari t e o v e h z effort n is a ti t o o n _ be made to expedite the coast of Brazil. The War Department steam storeship Lord Pan inure arrived at Woolwich yesterday from Ports mouth and commenced discharging her car go at the Royal Arsenal. Yesterday morning the battalion of Grenadier Guards, now quartered at the Sheet -street b arracks, Windsor, marched, under the command of Lieut. Colonel lligginson and Capt. Lord Hinchingbrote, to the Home-park, where the troops had a field day. 'The battalion, consisting of eight compa n i es, went through a number of evolutions, which, with the firing, - were extremely well executed. At the conclusion of the movements the troops were marched back, to their quarters, with drums and fifes playin g . On Saturday a board of military officers, consist- ing of Lieut.-Col. the Earl of Mount-Charles, pre sident ; Assist.-Surg. Yenning, of the Ist Life Guards; and Lieut. Luard, RE., sat at the Cavalry barracks, Spital, near Windsor, for the yurpose of considering when the troopers of the regiment should take possession of their new quarters in the north wing. It has, it is understood, been considered that the quarters will not be ready for the men to sleep in for another fortnight, and, although they may pro bably be used a little during the day, it is not anti cipated that the non-commissioned officers and troopers will occupy the new rooms for sleeping pur poses before next week. A troop of the 13th Hussars has left Norwich for Ipswich, which is to be their winter quarters. There are now two troops of the regiment in Ipswich Bar racks, under the command of Capt. AVIV ell. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. GREAT EASTERN. An " additional powers" Bill, which is being pro moted by this company, provides for the construc tion of short junction lines, the acquisition of land for stations at I,lertford and Enfield, deviations in the Somersham and Ramsey line, tramways at Wis bech, and a guarantee of interest by the company, on mortgages of the East Norfolk undertaking. NORTH EASTERN. This company have given notice of their intention to apply for powers for constructing a line of rail way between Leeds and Wetherby, thus uniting the Leeds and Selby and Church Fenton and Harrogate lines. They have also given notice of the reintro duction of the Helmsley and Pickering line, uniting the Malton and Thirsk and Malton and Whitby lines at Gilling and Pickering ; to form a railway from Knaresborough to Boroughbridge, and to make con necting railways between the Malton and Thirsk and the Boroughbridge line near Pilmoor, and be tween the Malton and Thirsk and the Mal ton and Scarborough line, thus forming a new route between Leeds and Malton ; for a line connecting the Middlesborough and Guisborough and the Cleveland branches ; a line connecting the Ayton and Cleveland branch with the North York shire and Cleveland line, with a view to the develop ment of the mineral traffic in North Yorkshire ; also to form a new station at York, outside the city walls, and to make a new road through the walls into York city, to facilitate through traffic. EXETER AND EXMOUTH. A special meeting of this company, for the pur pose of winding up the affairs of the company, pre vious to its amalgamation with the London and South-Western Railway Company, was held on Friday ; Dr. Brent presided. It was resolved that of the £490 available for dis tribution £lOO be given to the directors, £5O to the secretary, £25 for the purchase of some sort of testimonial to the chairman, and that the remainder be divided among the shareholders. A vote of thanks to the chairman and directors concluded the last meeting of the company. MANCHESTER, SHEFFIELD, AND LINCOLN- SHIRE. The total expenses of this company's railways and canals, including rents, tolls, duty, &c., from July 1 to Nov. 5, 1865, amounted to £160,990, as against £150,888 for the corresponding period of 1864. The proportion of the South Junction receipts ac cruing to this company from July 1 to Nov. 5 amounted to £14,396, as against £13,930 for the corresponding period of 1864, and the expenses to £7,038 as against £7,230. BAGENALSTOWN AND WEXFORD. It appears that this railway undertaking is to be sold by auction on the 6th of January next, in Dublin, by order of the Court of Bankruptcy. The length of line completed and ready for traffic is 21 miles. WATTON AND -THETFORD. It is intended to apply to Parliament next session for powers to carry out a line between these towns. BOMBAY, BARODA, AND CENTRAL INDIA, The traffic receipts on this company's line, 306 miles open, amounted for the week ending Aug. 5 to £3,462; ending Aug. 12, to £3,301 ; for the week ending Aug. 19, to £2,918 ; and for the week ending Aug. 26, to £3,061 ; together £12,772, or £4l 15s. per Mile, against £1,220, £1,331, £1,211, and £1,235 respectively for the corresponding weeks of 1864, on 1851 miles open, making the total of £5,030, or £27 3s. per mile, showing an increase, in the aggregate, of £7,742, and of £l4 12s. per mile of railway open for traffic ; the increase in the mile age being 1204 miles, as compared with the corre sponding period in 1864. OTTOMAN (SMYRNA TO ADIN). The traffic receipts on the portion of this com pany's line open, 481 miles in length, amounted for the week ending Oct. 1 to £872 ; ending Oct. 15, £698 ; and ending Oct. 22, to £766 ; total, £2,291, against £586, £315, and £514 respectively on the same mileage, making a total of £1,415, showing an increase of £876 as compared with the correspond ing weeks of last year. Americans in Maximilian's Service. - '.....--., /..•-• Our last news from Mexico informs us that among the Americans who have accepted official positions under Maximilian is "Senor M. P. Maury," not unknown to the world in connection with science, who was at one time a naval officer under the United States Government, and who afterwards renounced his allegiance and violated his oath to join the rebel service. A good record to an am bitious man is his stock-in -trade. In whatever branch of the public service, or in whatever capacity in public life he may have made himself conspicuous, if his record be not genuine his character is likely to suffer. Ho may be a hero or he may be a humbug, according as the truth of history is made manifest. There was a prevailing idea that Mr. Maury, formerly lieutenant and subsequently commander in the United States Navy, was entitled to certain credit for important discoveries in the laws of currents, winds, and so forth. Maury was in high official position as director of the National Observatory in Washington, where ho had every opportunity for obtaining information upon the subjects whereof he treated. According to instructions issued by the Navy Department, while Mr. Maury was at the head of the Observatory, every naval officer and captain of a ship in the merchant marine furnished to Mr. Maury all the observa tions which came within his experience of winds and tides and currrents. ' Upon these data Mr. Maurry, lying quietly in his seclusion in Washington for nearly eighteen years that he was at the head of the National Observatory, published a report and made a reputation by his theory on winds and currents. Tho men who furnished the mate rials got no credit. Maury, ox-commander of the United his p rese :V t own fell. I S an ta a tes Navy, e x -P res id en t o f th e N at i ona l Ob servatory, foefricialof ty well gathered understoodall the cr edi t intothat Maury had very little to do with the practical operation of those discov er i es with which his name is connected and it is worth r e'ilembering that many of the th eor i es which ho advanced i'l tele graph and the submaricnoenn l ection with the Atlantic and the coast of Ireland p4haveateahu between Newfoundland erroneous. For instance,his theory subsequently proved the water in the Atlantic Ocean muste that the pressure of that the bed of the sea a graveyard, that life, and could be found there, was upset Ybyr ;h t e hat no vitality e Colonel Tal. P. Schaffer, of Kentucky, Who experiments of a in northern latitudes, in the region of Iceland, and 7 17 a l , g ; soundings found molluscce, with all the evid ()noes of life He reported the fact to the British Goveanme n t , and they . sent out explorers on the same route, who found p l enty of the mollusc tribe on their sounding lines, full of life in the highest condition known to that low class of the animal kingdom. So much for Maury's graveyard theory. The survey of the great Atlantic plateau was anticipated by Com modore Berryman, of the United States Navy, when the Atlantic cable was first projected, and the informatics which he obtained by experiment he communicated to the British Government upon his arrival in England. For this lie was brought to task by Maury, and in like manner all the labors of other United States officers were obsorbed by the head of the National Observatory and placed to his own credit. In fact, as far back as 1848 Colonel Sher -borne _had announced this Atlantic plateau, and arrived at the snare Conehisions which have since been established, with the exception of Maury's " graveyard" notion. We see, therefore, how easy it is for a man in power to manufacture a reputation upon the industry of others. There • Ne're many officers of the navy w h o wou ld h ave been willing Maury, to have a ssume d th e pos i t i on o f L ieutenant and fully as competent to fulfil its duties • but ho was rho lucky one, and he has succeed e d in obtaining a name in naval science at the expense of others—a name, however, which hi s infarny._.zrel y recent career has blott e d a ll over w i t i i o °Pk Herald. rHE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 14, IEU. Royal Geographical Society, The opening meeting of this learned society for the session 1865-66 took place last evening at Bur lington-house. The announcement of a paper by Mr. Baker, descriptive of his Central African explo rations, attracted a very crowded and distinguished audience, including his Royal Highness the Comte de Paris, the Duke of Wellington, Lords Strang ford, Colchester, and Houghton, Lady Franklin, Mr. Walpole, M.P., Mr. T. Baring, M.P., Mr. Crawford, M.P., and others. The usual formal preliminaries having been gone through, Sir R. MURCHISON, president of the society, briefly introduced the business of the evening. He said—Gentlemen, we reassemble for this session under circumstances which must gladden the heart of every geographer. As none of us can forget the enthusiasm which greeted the lamented Speke and his gallant associate Grant on their first appearance in this hall after their successful exploitin tracing the Nile to its mouth , from the great Lake Victoria Nyanza in the heart of Equatorial Africa, so may we well re joice when we now welcome to his country that most enterprising, skilful, and large-hearted traveller Samuel Baker. This traveller has not only verified many important points in the deductions of his lamented precursor, but has discovered that the Luta or Muta Nzige of Central Africa—sketched out by Speke from native reports—is a deep and vast rock basin, having a length of 260 miles, or about a long as Scotland, exclusive of what may be its southerly and unknown boundary, and that, unlike the Victoria and most other African lakes, it is sub tended by high shores composed of hard granitic rocks. Let me call your attention specially to one or two only of the salient points in the conduct of the man who is now happily among us, and who, by his devotion to geographical science, has worked out, entirely at his own cost, the grand addition to our previous knowledge. (Cheers.) Distinguished as an explorer in Ceylon and Upper Egypt, and particu larly in having determined the nature of the afflu ents of the Atbara, that great tributary of the Nile, and in affixing many positions thereon, Mr. Samuel Baker was no sooner made acquainted with the perilous and exhausted condition in which Speke and Grant were supposed to emerge from Equatorial Africa, and also with the unforeseen disasters which had befallen our envoy Petherick, who was com missioned to carry succour to the travellers—dis asters which would render him unable to assist them—than, at his own cost, he fitted out an ex pedition, and, carrying with him adequate supplies, was the first to relieve their wants. (Cheers.) It was for this noble conduct, as well as for the gallant and determined manner in which, undaunted by all the dangers through which Speke and Grant had struggled, he resolved to go forward into the country of the Equatorial King Kamrasi, there to work out that important portion of the course of the Nile which was left undetermined, that we awarded to him our Victoria Medal. The difficulties which our travellers had to overcome immediately after the departure of Speke and Grant were, indeed, more than enough to paralyze the ardour and check the energy of any man. For the natives whom he had engaged to transport his provisions and goods mutinied, and, separating into two parties, proceeded to make razzias, or marauding forays, for the ivory and slave traders, upon tribes at some distance to the east. Being thus rendered wholly unable to proceed direct towards the country he was bound to examine, Baker followed up the lesser part of the mutineers far away to the east, and by gifts, pro mises, and able management, contrived to win over a sufficient number of these people to transport his goods. This he effected the more readily after the larger party of 104 persons had beento a man killed by the brave natives of the Latooka tribe, who de fended their independence against these villanous slave-hunters. I have here to announce, and with a pleasure and gratification that will, I know, be shared by every one in this assembly, that in all his arduous and perilous travels our medallist was ac companied by Mrs. Baker—(cheers)—to whom, as he himself has told me, much of his success is due, and who, by her conduct, has shown what the wife of a gallant explorer can accomplish in duty to her husband. Well, indeed, may she be proud of him who has won our highest honour, and who is now welcomed home by us with such enthusiasm, and with our warmest - thanks. Following up the re searches of Spoke, who had called the great higher lake the Victoria Nyanza, in honour of our gracious Sovereign, Baker has most appropriately raised a lasting memorial of her Majesty's lamented and enlightened Consort, by affixing to this second great lake of the Nile the name of Albert Nyanza. (Cheers.) Sir Roderick proceeded shortly to notice the progress of the Baron von der Decken in Eastern Africa, and, after mentioning other geographical researches in Australia and Brazil, concluded by calling upon Mr. Baker to make his promised com munication to the society. Mr. BAKER, who was very warmly received, pro ceeded to read a paper descriptive of his operations in Central Africa. He commenced, he said, in 1861 the preparation of an expedition in the hope of meeting Speke and Grant's South African expedi tion. He employed the first year in exploring all the tributaries of the Nile, and descended the Blue Nile to Khartoum, intending to confine himself to the great White Nile, In Dec., 1862, he started from Khartoum with a powerful force, embarked on board three vessels, and including 29 - animals of transport—camels, horses, and asses: Pursuing his course along the banks of one of the tributaries of the great river, he entered upon a dreary waste of water and reedy banks, where he soon lost his only European attendant, who was killed by fever. The remainder of the party safely reached Gondokoro, lat. 4.55 N., where they awaited a trading company with whom they hoped to travel southwards. Gon dokoro itself was a wretched place, being occupied only occasionally by traders upon their journeys to procure slaves and ivory. After a stay of 15 days at this miserable place the firing of guns announced some new arrivals, and he was told that a party had arrived, among whom were two Englishmen, who proved tb be no others than Captains Speke and Grant, clothed in humble rags, but with the glory of success upon them. Upon that occasion Capt. Speke told him that he was assured by the natives that a large lake existed to the westward, which he believed would be found to be a second source of the Nile, and that he himself had traced the river up to 2.20 N., when it diverged to the west, and he was obliged to leave it. Accordingly he (Mr. Baker) undertook to follow up the stream, and made his arrangements to join a trading party going southward. The trade along the White Nile really consisted of cattle-stealing,slave-catching, and mur der, and the men whom he was obliged to engage at Khartoum were of the vilest character. He applied through the British Consul at Alexandria te the Egyp tian Government for a few few troops to escort him, but the request was refused, although an escort was granted to the Dutch ladies upon the request of the French Consul. After Speke and Grant had left him his men mutinied, and combined to prevent his pro ceeding into the interior, as the traders were appre hensive of some exposure of the slave trade carried on by them. His 40 armed men threatened to fire upon him, and the Turkish traders whom he in tended to accompany set off without him, and forbad him to follow in their track. At that time, b ittgnor es ozatt i li des the assistance of a devoted wife, he had but one faithful follower. By means of diplomacy he to 1: s a l t oe s g , u e e a t cl aiairid g e inducedeta although Iro c : k u ago riftidl none discoveredna me r, : wn s o f ut r ol o d i g n uon t h tdwi e ieari recalci trants, c k a theh l cietmiyo s intended to desert him at a place seven days distant from Gondokoro, and to join the traders. It was timhepertaraticviiengthapt party shouldrtymh advance,oa re at il e u ne h d e t f o ol a lo tt l a v e e l d ,i him, and to excite the Elliara tribes through whom he must pass against him. However, upon the suggestion of Mrs. Baker, the chief of the trading party was brought over, and on the 17th of March arrived in the Latook a country, 110 miles east Gondokoro. That country w as one they safely f of the finest he had ever seen, producing ample supplies of grain and supporting large herds. The friendly p u l a t e race,l , an d g Q in habitantstowns are lareaawho large butNavanrdlikthe,iekly populated, natural helmet. whichne naked, - and- and ir w ai l n ios i e nt c o hie a f ki di n s d tin o e f tion is • their hair, The bodies of those of the tribe who are killed in fight are not buried, but those who die naturally are buried in front of the house in which they had dwelt, and at the expiration of a fortnight the bodies are exhumed, the flesh removed, and the bones placed in earthen pots, which are placed at the entrance of the towns. Like all the tribes of the White Nile, the Lutookas seemed entirely devoid of any idea of a Supreme Being. Indeed, the only difference between them and the beasts is, that they can cook and light a fire. There are forests abound ing with elephants, but cattle cannot live there on account of the "tsetse" fly. The chief was an old man, who was held to possess the power of producing or restraining rain by a magic whistle ; but one day Mr. Baker, happening to whistle upon his fingers in a loud key, the natives assumed that he had a power to control the elements and frequently called upon him to exercise it. From Latooka he pro ceeded to Kamrasi's country, traversing the Assur River, which Captain Burton regarded as one of the chief affluents of the Nile, but which, when Mr. Baker crossed it in January, did not contain enough water to cover his boots. On arriving at Sherah a large number of the porters deserted him, but he pushed on for Enorra. lie crossed Karooma Falls in the same boat which had carried Captain Speke across, but he was detained for some days by the disinclination of the King Kamrasi to allowstrangers to pass over, and it was only when Mr. Baker had exhibited himself on an elevated spot in full Euro pean costume that he received the desired permis sion. .It appeared that a trading party, headed by one Dobonos, a Maltese, who had escorted Speke . and Grant, had made a foray upon Kamarasi country, and Mr. Baker was therefore looked upon with suspicion. From Karooma Falls the Nile flows due west, a rapid stream, bordered with fine trees. King Kamarasi, who was a well-dressed and cleanly person, although a great coward, was very suspicious, and sought to prevent Mr. Baker con tinuing his journey, by representing that the great lake to the westward was six months' journey, a statement which Mr. Baker, himself ill, with his wife prostrate from fever, and his uttendants refrac tory, received as a fatal blow to his hopes. Learn ing, however, from a native salt dealer that the lake could be reached in something like ten days, he induced Kamrasi, by the present of his sword, to drink blood with his head man, and allow them to depart. In crossing the Karan river Mrs. Baker was struck down by a sunstroke, and remained almost insensible for seven days, during which time the rain poured down in torrents. On the 18th day after leaving Kamrasi they came in sight of the looked for lake, which proved to be the great basin of the Nile. The western shore consisted of ranges of mountains, 7,000 feet in height. Upon achieving the object of their jour neys, Mr. and Mrs.. Baker named the lake, subject to her Majesty's permission, Albert Nyanza. That lake, together with that of Victoria Nyanza, may be accepted as the great source of the Nile. Embarking in canoes upon the lake, the party proceeded for 16 or 20 miles to the point where the river again resumed its course, while the lake itself suddenly turned westward, but its boun daries in that direction as well as those of its southern termination are unknown. The Nile entered the lake precisely as the natives had reported to Speke and Grant, and from its exit the river is navigable. One grand waterfall had been named Murchison Falls, in honour of the distinguished President of the Geographical Society. Upon their return to Kamrasi's country the travellers were de tained nearly twelve months, the King being so impressed with the skill and knowledge of his European visitors that he could not be persuaded to let them leave him. A party of traders, headed by one Dobonos, a Maltese, made an incursion upon the country, and Kamrasi called upon Mr. Baker to assist him, in compliance with which request Mr. Baker hoisted the Union Jack, declared the country to be under the protection of the British flag, and gave the intruders twelve hours to quit the King's territory, which they did. The King, impressed with the power of the flag, desired to have it, but was told that its value would be lost in any but British hands. Ultimately the travellers managed to leave, and, after a variety of difficulties with their attendants and the traders, arrived safely at Alex andria. In conclusion, Mr. Baker handed to the President a manuscript map which he had received from Captain Speke, and which had been of the utmost assistance to him in his travels. The PRESIDENT, in offering the thanks of the society to Mr. Baker for his interesting statement, ob3erved that the society had no cause to regret having awarded to that gentleman their gold medal at a time when his work had not been completed. In reply to questions from Mr. GALTON, Mr. BAKER said it was difficult to form an esti mate of the volume of water of the river Nile before its entrance into the Lake Albert Nyanza and after its exit, as the characteristic of the White Nile was a narrow channel with wide-extending beds of reeds on either side, The PRESIDENT remarked that to a geologist it was an important fact that under the Equator there should be a basin of granite or gneiss rocks, which could hardly be reconciled with the ice excavating theories which were sometimes put forward. A number of characteristic sketches of scenery and incidents by Mr. Baker were exhibited in the room, and their examination occupied the remainder of the evening. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The subject discussed by Lord Lyttelton a day or two ago at Bilston is one of many that have passed in the course of forty years from the region of theory to that of experience. The last generation may be said to have divided itself pretty evenly upon the multifarious controversy about Popular Education, Useful Knowledge, Social Pro gress, Mechanics' Institutes, and 'Working Men's Clubs. But in one point there was a considerable resemblance between the arguments pro and con. Both sides went upon certain theories of human nature and the spontaneous action of society, and particularly upon their respective preconceptions of the working man. The one imagined the work ing man to be an earnest, simple fellow, with a modest sense of his backward attainments and de pressed condition, anxious to improve his mind and acquire information, and specially-desirous to hear lectures and addresses delivered by gentlemen of talent and education. The theorists—for theorists, indeed, they were obliged to be in that stage of the affair—were not unaware that there would be varieties in the throng nightly pressing to the new founts of knowledge. The mechanic would go there to get an insight into the principles of his craft ; the painter, or carver, or gilder would go to peep into the glorious world of art, of which he was the tantalised outsider ; the mason or builder would go to study the charm ing details of Palladian or mediaeval art, and one day emerge as an architect; the chemist's lad would try to learn the difference between poisons and drugs; the politician of humble life would learn to know better what he was talking about ; and all classes would find something or other to their taste to relieve the monotony of their lives, and throw a few rays of light through the dark ness of their understanding. When it came to clubs, of course they would talk, warm themselves, take some cheap refreshment, and, in fact, spend the evenings as their betters did. But utility and progress were still the leading ideas of the move ment that was to be, and it was impossible to say at what a pitch of perfection that movement might land us. The other side went upon the opposite idea of the working man. If he went to an insti tution, a ,club, or any place of resort specially for his class, where he could feel himself at once at home and in company, he could not but make the worst use of the opportunity by the irresistible law of his nature. lie would drink, plot sedition, and vilify his betters ; he would plan poaching, rob bery, socialism, trades' unions, and strikes ; he would talk infidelity and use foul language ; he would labour to turn things upside down ; and neither the Monarchy, the Church, nor the Constitution, nor the first rules of social propriety and civil order would be safe, if they were to be nightly canvassed in every town and village by men interested in anarchy, and predisposed to it. So strongly were these objections felt that there was a time when any body would be set down as an atheist, or democrat, and a great deal worse, if he would not join in de nouncing mechanics' institutions and everything of the kind. Forty years have dispelled both antagonist theories, and disappointed alike the hopes and the fears of friends and of foes. The working men who have availed themselves of these opportunities have undergone no such change for the better, or for the worse, as was expect e d. Th ey h ave genera ll y re mained working men. The general complaint has been that they were outnumbered by the class above them, and that while th e i r b e tt ers did apprec i ate the institute or the club, the working men did not. If they did come, they read newspapers for the news, and they read periodicals of a serious and instructive character, such as their betters would think prosy and dull. The workingman was found to be a grave, reflective, and rather solemn being, with a • 0 tone of thought and sentiment corresponding too closely to the tenour of his condition. He reasoned, he moralized, he asked the good of things, he was a severe censor, and made no compromises with dis guises, make-believes, conveniences, and all the ways of worldlings. He was found to possess, if not a particular fanaticism, at least a strong reli gious element. But the most observable result is that neither the working man nor anybody else has been perceptibly changed by an occasional visit after work to a warm lighted room, with books and papers lying about, and a few, like himself, in quest of news or amusement. Ile might have been worse employed, and, indeed, could easily be. The room presented the attractions of a publichouse, with neutral company, unobjectionable conversation, a better choice of papers, and no necessity to drink for the good of the house. Indeed, such institutions stand upon the modest and unassailable ground of simple convenience. Lord Lyttelton very properly associates them with clubs of Pall-mall and St. James's, which a man does not join for the regene ration or the elevation of his nature, or even for such a minor purpose as the overthrow of the Con stitution ; but simply to find shelter, to sit down, to read the papers, to talk with the next man if lie happens to be an acquaintance, to dine if he has no where else to go to, and to smoke, or play a rubber or a game of billiards, or read the last thing out in the library. There were hopes and there were fears as to the working of our London Clubs when they were started forty years ago. They would break up our homes, they would spoil our young men, who, though good, were still fragile ; they would bring together all that was bad. What would they not do ? It is ha r d t o say what they have done, excep t it be to bring the Clarendon within the reach of poor men, and give the comforts of an hotel without the penalty of a heavy bill. The visible, simple, and economical part of the business is all that stands the test of time. The chimeras of the question have vanished long ago. It is just so with these working men's clubs. They offer shelter instead of an even ing stroll over-sloppy pavements and dripping eaves. They offer light and warmth. They give comfort able scats instead of standing room at the bar of a ginshop. They offer good and clean papers and books, instead of a greasy copy of a bad print several days old. Many of them offer cheap and good tea, coffee, bread, butter, cheese, and beer, instead of the cheap and nasty varieties. Some of them offer classes and lectures, and we know not what. These things may do good, and cannot pos sibly do harm. Some of them offer opportunities for acquiring the art of public speaking, in the shape of debating societies. That these will ever do much good, and turn out a new race of orators, may be doubted ; but one thing we consider certain —they will never do the least harm. So we cannot attach to the question the fearful responsibiresponsibility it seems to evoke in the minds of some sanguine or timid people. With Lord Lyttelton's advisers, or rather dissuaders, we see no necessity for a country gentleman going much out of his way and putting his hand very deep into his pocket in order to enable a number of full-grown men to shelter themselves, warm and light themselves, take in papers, buy books, and set up a counter and bar of their own. It really is their Own affair, just as it is their own affair whether they marry or not, frequent a pub lichouse or not, dress decently or not, live in a house or a doghole, lay by a part of their wages or spend all. With Lord Lyttelton himself, we cannot see how a gentleman can decline a little neighbourly assistance when asked for and when really wanted. He has ready money. He can give advice, for he belongs to a club himself, and knows all about a good many. He can make very valuable sugges tions as to management, and he can take a part in it. He can give his name, which will go for some thing. Should there arise any irregularities or dis orders in the institution, he will always be an autho rity, an influence, and a weight on the side of good order. All this he might do and ought to do ' • but he ought not to go away with the idea that he is starting a mighty engine and beginning a great movement, or anything of that sort. After 10 years of it he will find it very hard to discover what good he has done beyond helping people to make them selves comfortable and keep out of harm's way. As for mental and moral improvement of a positive and palpable sort, that must always be a matter of faith. Nobody, be he rich or poor, will ever carry anything from an institution of this sort which he has not carried there ; and if he was not a philoso pher, a man of science, a poet, or an artist to begin with, he will never become so by sitting in a read ing room, or listening to a lecture by his worship the mayor. The " low ground," as it will be called, is that which stands the test of time and experience. These institutions are nothing more than matters of public convenience, and those of neighbourly kind ness. These are no more parts of a great social re volution than was.the introduction of pavements or of gas. But they are indisputably useful, and that is all one need know about them. POST.--It is impossible to help being struck by the singular fact that Reform, which is supposed to be the antitheses of whatever is obstructive, should itself constitute the great political obstruction of the present juncture. There is a curious sort of natural irony caused by the play of events, and this is a remarkable instance of it. If the subject of Reform does not suc ceed in bringing the public business to a deadlock for a season, or at least retarclin a its natural progress, it will be ow i ng t o the good 'fortune or the good management of the statesmen in whose hands the conduct of that business has been placed. The loss of Lord Palmerston is no less felt in the difficulties than in the advantages of the present situation. His foreign policy has happily left us at peace with all the world ; his home policy had the effect, while he was at the head of affairs, of saving us from the em barrassments with which we are now threatened. We have no difficulties to trouble us abroad, but at home the very thing which purports to be synony mous,with progress; instead of making a clear sea way for.the vessel of the State, rears itself ominously above the smooth waters as a formidable rock ahettd. This is very much to be regretted in the interest of Reform itself. Reform, no doubt, is an excellent thing ; but the most excellent in the world may, if it obtrude itself upon us outof season, become some thing very different. If Reform, by the unconscious agency of circumstances, or by the zeal without dis cretion of its friends, really should succeed in preci pitating a crisis, such as rendering another appeal to the country, so soon after the last election, necessary, or placing in office those who are most opposed to Reform itself, and to the policy which the country has accepted and approved, it will be a very unfor tunate event. Reform would suffer great loss of pre stige, and probably be all but unanimously voted a bore, for some time to come. There is no good to be obtained by shutting one's eyes to a difficulty; on the contrary, the wisest plan is to look it well in the face, that we may discover some way of avoiding or over coming it. When these circumstances are fairly con sidered it is difficult to suppose that the great Liberal majority returned at the hustings last summer should divide itself against itself, so to speak, and by so doing place itself at the mercy of its political opponents. Those who are reformers among re formers must know that, by placing themselves in opposition to the more moderate Liberal party, they would simply be playing into the hands of their political antipodes. Are they prepared to do this— and what can they expect to gain by it? It has been said by some extreme politicians that a Tory Government of the most pronounced type is prefer able to a moderate Liberal Government, for the not able reason that it is " more squeezable." But if the moderate Liberals and the less advanced party were agreed at least upon one thing, viz., that reform should not be entered upon just now, it is difficult to see in what the quality of squeezability can con sist, sp far as this question is concerned. The ex treme Conservative party may hold that, so far from doing anything more in the direction of reform, it would be the best thing in the wor ld t o un d o what has been done ; so that the extreme Liberals have nothing to hope from that section if it can have its will. The moderate Liberals do but think that re form may advantageously be postponed to a more convenient season. Those therefore who are for a large measure being carried at once havelittle chance of " squeezing" a compliance with their wishes. These considerations would suggest to moderate thinking men to inquire if the reform fruit is really quite ripe for plucking. We all know by familiar experience the disappointment and failure incidental to gathering the finest peach while it is yet irnina ture. Do existing conditions render it possible at the present time to get such a measure of reform as is likely to satisfy any political party ? And if this is so, is not pressing this question to the ex clusion of all others, and the obstruction of the publiC business, very like sacrificing much time and trouble in the attempt to pluck an unripe peach which only serves to set the teeth on edge, and is thrown away in disgust ? The history of the past few years shows that there is no political party in the country that is likely to be satisfied with a Re form Bill framed by any other party, so that if any of them bring in a measure all the rest are sure to unite to defeat it. And what does this fact mean ? It means that there is no great majority of persons in the country agreed together as to what measure of Reform is required. Every political party is at variance with every other upon this question. The like difference exists indoors and out of doors. There are societies in various parts of the country which have constituted themselves for the purpose of advocating Reform, but hardly two of them are agreed to what the Reform they seek to obtain ought to be. Many a one of these societies, indeed, does not seem agreed within itself as,to this impor tant point. Under these circumstances we hope it will not be considered presumptuous to suggest that the Reform most needed just now is a reform of Reform. Until reformers have come to something like an agreement as t o w h a t it i s th at oug ht to beb clone ; it seems somewhat premature to contemplate setting about doing it. It is like talking of building a house before the plan has been prepared, and the ground provided. If Reform, in its present very un reformed state, is to be pressed forward as an ob struction to the course of public business, it will be brought into discredit altogether, and for some considerable period too. This is not what the most ardent, or even the least ardent, of reformers can possibly dehire—but it is likely enough to be what those who ate against all Reform would hail with much satisfaction. Even if it were conceded as matter of argument that everybody, including women, must be considered as having a prima facie case in favour of being endowed with the elective franchise, and that the burden i s on . t h ose w h o would deny it to prove their disqualification, still, until everybody asks for a thing, and while apparently indifferent about it, the expediency of forcing it upon apathetic recipients ma y be doubted. If we look back to the legislation of the period which has elapsed since the Reform Act, we shall find that, if the working man had a vote, lie could hardly have desired anything more to be done for him than has actually been done.; and perhaps much that has been so done would not have been so well done. For instance, the working man has been made as independent of the master as it is possible for laws to make him. Working men may combine to raise wages, or shorten their work hours, and may enforce their objects by strikes; they may do anything, in fact, short of violence a n d intimidation. IVhat more could have been done if the Reform Act had given every working man a vote ? One thing that might very likely have been attempted, and which would have led to serious difficulties and troubles, is some thing in the shape of oppressive and one-sided laws against employers. The necessaries and comforts of life have been made as cheap and ace essible to the working man as human laws could make them, regard - being had to the revenue which the State has to raise to pay its way. Let, then, Reform itself be reformed into something definite and practical, upon which all parties of reformers are agreed, but let it not in its present state be made an obstruction in the way of the public business. In Michigan, at the present time, there are one hundred and two newspapers published, divided as fol lows :—Ninety weeklies and twelve dailies; of these, forty six aro Republican in their sentiments, twenty-six are Democratic, two are religious papers, and ono is a temper ance paper. • A NEW • USE FOR PETROLEUM.—The volatile character of highly rectified petroleum, and some other oils, has led many ingenious men to try to devise some means of conveniently vaporising them in air, and then burning the air-compound like common gas. Owing to difficulties of obtaining regular atmospheric pressure, and regular vaporization, no machine for these purposes has yet come into common use, though considerable progress has been made in the important subsidiary work of im pregnating common gas with oil vapors, and thus increas ing its illuminating value. But even here great difficulties of regular vaporisation •present themselves. Wicks, sponges, or analogous contrivances, are used to increase the evaporating oil surfaces, but the capillary power of these contrivances is gradually diminished by impurities gathered from the gas. These difficulties, and others that we have not space to particularise, seem to be removed by a simple apparatus, patented through the agency of Messrs. Corky and Co., of 33, Arundel-street, Strand. For im pregnating gas with oil vapors, the inventor uses, in con nection with the meter; an evaporating chamber, contain ing a series of metallic plates, covered with some textile material, and constantly wetted with the oil by the action of the meter itself. A very large and constantly perfect evaporating gurfdce is thus presented ; and the proportion of the gas used, which must traverse this surface, is regu lated by a screw, so that the gas can be impregnated with out difficulty to the exact extent which is most economical and desirable. .To impregnate com mon air for lighting purposes, the inventor uses a similar evaporating contrivance of larger size, and ho obtains the atmospheric pressure required by an apparatus similar to a gasometer, which he moves by a weight. The whole machine is compact and compa ratively inexpensive. We understand that the inventor is an American, who obtained the only prize modal for gas regulation wnich was given by the Commissioners of the International Exhibition of 1862. If his present invention should be extensively adopted, it will materially increase the already enormous demand for the oil products of America. [ADVERTISEMENT.] Dyspepsia (Indigestion), constipa tion, debility, oonsumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach, and liver complaints in every stage, are only aggravated and accelerated by drugs of e very description, but perfectly cur able by Du Barry's health-restoring Ifevalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been con sidered hopeless, such as—cough, asthma, also diarrhoea, limmorrholds, liver complaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, ()olds, influenza, noses in the head and ears, i henna itism, gout, im purities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleepless ness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness , even in preg nancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains in the pit of the stomach and between the shou!ders, &c. We quote a few :—Cure No. 46,276. MrJames Roberts, timber merchant, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and p ar tial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of ex treme nervousness, indigestion, ,gathcr:n gs; lowspirits, and nervous fauch.s. —Cure No. 1,77!. Lord Stuart de Decl es, l ord Nut. of 11 atertord, of many 3 cars' dyspepsia, —N o . 49,832. Fifty years' indescribable agony f r om d y s pepsia, nervousness, , . • asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, shiccess, and ' vomiting—:Maria July —Cure No. 51,8:0. The R ev, James T. Campbell, Fakenham , No rf o lk, of i ndigestion and torpid ity of the liver, which had r e s isted al l medical ti eatinent. In tins, 1 lb., 28. 9d. ; 21 b. , 4s. 6d ; Mb., its. ; i2lb. 22s 41b. 40s,—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London;. also Phillips, tea dealers , 8, King William -street ; likewi at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate stre,t Within ; 63, 130, and 298, Oxford-street ; 33 0 , Strand ' • 51, "Upper Baker - s t r ee t ; 103, Tottenham -court-r oa d ; 96 . Upper-street, Islington, N..; Harvey, Notti ng -h i ll • Close Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's -weed, London ; and all respectable grocers and che mists.—Beware of spurious imitations. Extraordinary Increase in the American Trade. The Times' City Article of Tuesday contains a paragraph showing the extraordinary increase in the trade between Liverpool and the United States since the close of the civil, war. The remarks are based upon statistics taken from recent circulars of Messrs. Guion and Co., of Liverpool, which furnish a monthly resume of the amount of our exporta .tions of goods to the United States compared with the corresponding dates of the preceding five years, commencing with 1860, when the war had not broken out :—The news of the surrender of Gen. Lee was received here on the 24th of April last, and its effect in giving an impulse to shipments began to manifest itself in June, and has continued in a rapidly increasing ratio ever since, until it has reached a point to which at no preceding time has there been an approximation. Since June th e n umber of packages of British manufactures s hipp e d h a ve been 90,863, against 19,731 in 1861, an d th e difference in money values must have bee n s till more consider able, owing to the advance in the cost of all Woven fabrics. The increase in the fo re i g n goo d s tran shipped at Liverpool has been equally striking, and as these have been received by the Havre branch steamers they have consisted almost entirely of French productions, such as costly articles of dress and luxury. Thus far, it is believed in the trade, the large majority of the shipments have resulted profit ably, owing to the restricted nature of the prepara tions which had been made for the Northern markets when the rebellion collapsed, and the extraordinary demand that immediately arose from the South ; but they are now probably assuming a speculative character, such as may ultimately involve disap pointment. Meanwhile, although the extent to which the European money-markets are supplied from New York with Government and railway stocks must operate as a considerable set-off to the payments to be effected, it seems evident that large and continuous remittances of gold will have to be made to us for several months to come. Annexed are the statistics in question : Exports from Liverpool of British Manufactures of Cotton, Wool, Silk, and Flax to New York Boston, Philadelphia , and New Orleans, in Packages. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. January 23449 17436 14381 12622 16669 6735 February , — 15762 7324 12742 12634 16125 9921 March April llO3B 2595 6861 10200 9595 6716 May 15189 2627 7286 5925 11857 7423 June 24078 1445 8369 5747 13269 1096 9 July August— September 13641 4451 11176 12468 4361 294 81 October 14830 6990 10950 11520 4234 248 55 Exports from Liverpool of Foreign Silks, Dress Stuffs, Laces, and Embroidery to New York, Boston, Philo. - dolphin, and Now Orleans, in Packages. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. January 6029 5110 1175 2760 5662 4527 February 3392 2524 2722 2931 6629 334 5 March April 1377 1120 2017 922 4742 264 6 May 1460 1929 2505 1384 6338 2428 Juno... ... 3666 1042 2841 2911 7031 475 5 July ... ... 3813 1893 5485 3304 5430 8101 August ... 4030 2200 3055 3708 1409 8 820 September. 2098 935 2576 3834 1305 6921 October It will be seen by the above figures that our ex' ports co the United States for June of this year were more than seven times as numerous as these of June, 1861, while our exports of last month were nearly six times as great as those of the same month last year. America which, according to the predictions of our leading journals, was to have become hopelessly bankrupt, is thus becoming a better customer than ever, and her prosperity seem s as durable as it is great.—Anglo-American Times. Wages and Prices in America. The Cincinnati Gazette gives a long and carefully prepared comparison of wages and prices in that city in 1860 and at the present time ; and as Cin cinnati is a large city, making fair progress, and advantageously situated so far as trade, and espe cially trade in supplies for consumption, is con cerned, it probably exhibits about the average of the country. It appears that, as a rule, in private employ the advance of wages has been about 100 per cent., but it is much less in the public service and in the employ of companies. Machinists, who earned $9 to $l2 a week in 1860, now earn $l6 to $2O. The wages of locksmiths have advanced from $9 in 1860 to $l5 or $lB at the present time ; while painters, who got $9 or $lO in 1860, now get on an average $2l. Tailors get at least 100 per cent. more than they did before the war. They used to make coats at $6 50c. to $7, now they get $l4. They made vests and pants at $1 75c. formerly, and get $3 40c. now: Cigar-makers have made greater ad vances in wages than almost any other trade. In 1860 they received for best brands $4 50c. to $6 per 1,000 ; now the price is no less than $l4. Brick layers, who got $2 to $2 509. per day before the war, now get $4 50c. to $5. Carpenters who got $1 75c. to $2 befOre the war, now get $3 to $4. The wages of plasterers have advanced from $1 25c. or Isl 50c. to $3, and of hod-carriers from $1 or $1 25c. to $3. Gunsmiths now earn $lB to $2O per week, though in 1860 the most experienced work men only received $9 to $l2. The wages of book binders have largely advanced. Women who got $3 50c. to $4 per week in 1860, now get $7 or $B. Men's wages, which were from $9 to $l2, have risen as high as $l5 to $2O. The wages of bootmakers have risen fully 75 to 100 per cent. The wages of blacksmiths, boiler-makers, and street-pavers, have advanced 100 per cent. The salaries of clerks and teachers have only advanced 25 to 50 per cent. Turning no ;v to prices we learn that rents in Cin cinnati have more than doubled. louses that could lia#e been obtained in 1860 for $8 to $lO per month now command $25 to $3O, while those which used to rent for $2O to $25 are now rented at $5O to $6O. In groceries, provisions, and liquors, the ad vance has been greater than in many other articles. Coffee has in the five years advanced from 129. to 38c. ; sugar from Bc. to 20c., butter from 14c. to 35c., cheese from . Bc. to 19c.-, whisky from 20c. to $2, alcohol from 42c. to $4, and beer (per barrel) from $5 to $l4. Mess pork has advanced from $l6 80c._ to $32 75e., while other descriptions of pork have advanced in, perhaps, a little greater ratio. Altogether, the cost of provisions of all kinds has gone up fully as much as wages have done in the best of the trades. The Cincinnati Gazette gives no statistics of the advance in clothing, but it has probably exceeded 100 per cent. Coal is not mentioned : its present price iu New York and Washington is about $ll a ton. Increased taxa tion must cause higher prices than before the war, bUt so far as their rate is due to inflation the ad vance may disappear.- The chancre, however, may produce a severe cr i s i s, and perhaps' a difficulty in getting employment for a time. COUNTRY MARKETS -s- NORTHAMPTON—Nov. 11. Wheat came to hand tolerably and in better condition ; the demand was firm at rather over last week's prices. New white wheat, 42s to 48s ' • new red, 40s to 46s ; old white, 48s to 51s; old red, 43s to 49s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 38s to 44s per qr. ; grinding, 2Gs to 35s per 3° stone. Oats, old, 28s to 32s ' • new, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 44s to 48s ; now, 38s to 40s per 38 stone. Posi 34s to 37s per 36 stone. COLCHESTER—Nov. 11. Rather better supply of wheat, and last week's prices generally obtained; line whites is per qr. dearer. Ban e) " in bettor supply, choice samples rather dearer, ot h er sorts without change. Beans a n d p eas scarce , an d full prices. Wheat, white ........40s 545 l Beans, Mazagan......33 8 3 8 2, red 368 4Ss ' Middle and 5ma11..350 Barley ',Ss 40s Peas, white. 38 8 42 11 Oats. ..... 2OB 25s grey ..... •.... •• 30s 406 CIIELDISFORD—Nov. 10. With a fair supply of wheat tho market to-day ruled firm at about last week's prices, and although millers and merchants did not seem anxious to buy an advance of 18 per qr. was obtained on some of the best samples. We nul also quote barley is per qr. dearer. Spring corn of all de scriptions was in demand at the rates of last week. Wheat, old white.... 468 53s Peas, Partridge 37s 39 2 new ,4ls s's White ..308 3 , e old red 40s 448 B.iling .. ...... 388 4 1, 8 new. 368 408 Dun.... ..... ...3ls .'; Barley... 2ss 32s dit , o, new....---6 ---,,,g Chevalier 26s 33s Beans, Tick, old ......3 Is .'; Grind.ng Ns 18s new....-6 Malt 6ls 67s Harrow Ti c k s .3ss -- P Chevalier 64s 68s new....-0 —0 Oats ... 2oa 26s Mavgan . 348 3" GRANTHAM—Nov. 11. Our market was fairly supplied with wheat, which rea lised 6d to is per qr. more money. Peas were dearer. Old white wheat, 54s to 58s; .old red, 46s to 53s ; white, 48s to 56s ; new red, 42s to 49s per 86 stone. Ba r " ley for malting, 33s to 37s per qr. ; grinding, 27s to 30s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 25s to 28s ; now, 20s to 24s per 2z stone. Beans, old, 46s to 495; new, 40s to 43s per 38 stone• Peas, 35s to 39s per 36 stone. ABERDEEN—Nov. 10. - • --- The deliveries aro not extensive for the season. At ill! 9 day's market sellers asked greatly enhanced rates, which checked business, and there was great variety of price' We quote oats generally Gd per qr. higher, and bere an., barley is to is 6d dearer than l as t wee k . Town 11103' higher. White wheat 3 3 7 7 8 s Od to t t o o 3 4 9 2 8 s 0 0 (1 1 Red whoat 621 b 111 bushel. Potato oats 21 s 6d to 22s 6d Common oats 21 s 6d t o 22 s Od 401 b Ti bushel. Bere 22s 6d to 230 Od 531 b b us hel. 228 Gd to 23s Od Oatmeal 16s 6d to 18s Od ift boll of 114011 5. F10ur, fine 36s Od to 37s Od ?sack of 2801 0 . Barley KIRKOALDY—Noy. 11. Moderate supplies of all kinds of grain. Wheat sold Rt last weok's prices. Barley Gd per qr. down, and, oats 6 per qr. up. Wheat, Barley. Oats. 45s Od 28s 6d 1 24s Od t,econd 47s Od I 82s Od 5s Od Third 49s Ott 34s Ott 25s 6d COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. 0 s. d. s. n •• Holywell Main lB 6 Cowpen Hartley Walls End Haswell... 21 0 Hasti ngs H ar tl ey lB ' Hetton 2O 6 Eden Main Tees East Hartlepool Carway and Duffryn 'S o uth Hartlepool 22 u Malting 24 0 • Kolbe West Hartley Russell's Hetton Pensher Primrose Ships at market, 112; . 091 d, 81. Ihe Germans in Texas have:again raised a cotton crop of superior quality to any grown.by slave labor.. 6° the Southern papers concur in stating, and they U° appear very prompt to acknowledge that which they lial r° heretofore strenuously denied. Births. ARROW.—On tho 11th inst., at Pilgrim's Hall, SouthW osl(l Essex, the wife o f Captain Frederick Arrow, of a daugh ter. Co c u o itz.. 4 -- Esq., 0n theof a 12th inst., daughter Dover, the wife of Percy S. FORBES.—On the 13th inst., at Camphill House, Poen the wife of Alex. Forbes, Esq., of a son. Marriages. lIANKEY—TIANKEY.—On the 11th inst., at Saint 3farPl Bryanston-square, Montagu, youngest sou of Tho'ull Hankoy, E sq . of 96, Eaton-square, to Ali ce , younges t daughter of Lieut.-General Hankey. PEEL—CAZENOVE.—On the 11th inst., at Christ Cha r t Battersea, Laur e nce P e el, Esq., of Pinner, Watford, 0 f Emily Frances, (laughter of Philip Cazenove, Esq ., Dunsdalo, Westerham, Kent. Deaths. BINOTIAII.—On the 10th inst., at Derby, Thorns Bingh nra ' Esq., aged 83. BORRADAILE.—On the 11th inst., at Worthing, Vi r i 11 1 311 : Borradaile, Esq., late of King's Arms-yard, Lon a° ' aged 65. BROOKE.—On the 11th inst., at his seat, Norton Pr i°lll Cheshire, Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., aged 81. W v. DICKINSON.—On the 11th inst. , at Ulverston, vv • • Dickinson, Esq., F.R.C.S., aged 55. • GILBERT.—On the 12th inst., Mr. Henry Gilbert, bude .of 15, Peel-place, Kensington, aged 55. WILEY.—On the 12th inst., at Worthing, Mr. G. A. Wri" of Upper-street, Islington, aged 51. iq all WATSON.—On the 10th inst., at The Den, Perth , Watson, Esq., late of Keillor, aged 78. London: Printed and Published by WILLIAM AN rt o j i • of No. 11; StrAnd, Painter, at Tim Sus 011 1 1 0, °- Strand, in th e Ilecinot of the Stvoy. in the Cow -4 Mitilesexc—Tueeday, November 14, 1865. I