The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-14 00:00:00

NEW SOUTH WALES, (From the Times' Correspondent.) SYDNEY, Jan. 20. The colony has passed very comfortably through a Cabinet crisis. The operation has been a very mild one. The general election resulted in such a very decisive expression of public opinion adverse to the Martin Ministry that it made no attempt to continue is office. As a matter of form it awaited the usual vote of want of confidence, the Premier considering it a point of honour to be extinguished in the usual way, and explaining to his somewhat impatient antagonists that the reason why he had kept them waiting to the last was that it would have been cowardly in him to evade the vote of cen sure by a premature resignation. Having advised a dissolution and appealed to the public he did not think it seemly to accept a mere presumption of being beaten, but preferred to stand up before the Parliament he had invited and be knocked down with a properly planted blow. The Opposition was in too good a humour to quarrel with him at the last, as he promised to die without resistance, although there had been a great deal of grumbling previously at the unconscionable time he was keep ing them waiting. The ceremony of ousting the Ministry was performed very promptly. As soon as the forms attendant on opening the session were got through, Mr. Cowper moved a resolution of want of confidence, in a speech remarkable for brevity and a total absence of anything that could give rise to debate. Mr. Martin replied with equal brevity, and without any further discussion the vote was passed. We have had a good many " crises" since we have tasted the delights of responsible government, but this is the first time we have had that has been conducted so pleasantly. Mr. Cowper, of course, was sent for, and after a very short delay, and without any attempt to do anything else, he recon structed his old Cabinet. His colleagues think he could not have done better ; but the disappointed ones marvel he did not see that some change was expedient. It is whispered that there were no fewerthau eight expectants for the office of Secretary for Public Works, and that the muttered grumblings are very audible. Four of the Ministers have been re-elected, and the fifth is at present unopposed. The re-elected members have had their return contested, though feebly. Three were opposed by the same person, one Dalgleigh, who was returned to the last Parlia ment by the trades' unions as a working-man's mem ber, and who lost his re-election in consequence of his having voted for the Protectionist tariff. Having been a worker, and being now a small dealer in iron, he has set up as a critic of the engineering skill of Mr. Whitton, the engineer-in -chief of our railways, and of the honesty of Sir Morton Peto and Co., the contractors for our recent extensions, and having denounced theirrespective incompetence and roguery has acquired considerable popularity as a people's friend and a reformer of abuses, and hopes to find his reward, some say as Minister for Works. There is nothing in our institutions to prevent his succeed ing, unless he gets afflicted with a touch of modesty or remorse, in which case his chance is gone. He is under a cloud for a time in consequence of his vote against free trade, but he will emerge again, as he has now declared himself in favour of open ports and direct taxation. The only financial statement made by the late Ministry was that the deficit for last year was over £400,000. This, added to the deficit of the previous year, makes the total amount of arrears £BOO,OOO. The rate of expenditure is still in excess of the income, so that some fresh taxation is inevitable. It is reported that the Ministry are contemplating an income-tax, but nothing certain is yet known. Such a tax would be very popular with the demo cracy, because it is supposed that •no incomes under £2OO a year would be taxed. But the expense of collecting an income tax in the sparsely peopled interior would be very great, especially as we have no provincial governments to assist in the details. One thing only is certain, and that is that the Ministry will not attempt anything like Protection. There may be some alteration of the tariff, and pro bably will be, but it will not be of a protective cha racter. The general election has rendered us that service ; it has settled the Protectionist cry for a time. The only thing that could bring about a rapid reaction will be the threatened imposition of an income tax. Universal suffrage throws the supreme power into the hands of the working classes, and if the taxation also presses chiefly on them, the taxation and the representation go to gether. The advocates of direct taxation do not ask for such an immediate financial revolution as shall substitute an income tax for the existing Customs' revenue, but they ask that the tax may be established to meet our present difficulties, and when the machinery is organised the tax can be increased, and the Custom-homes shut up. The propertied classes do not relish the idea of having no share in the management, and they will certainly oppose the introduction of the thin edge of the wedge, and if forced to choose between an income fax and Protection they may come round to choose the latter. To meet objections it has been proposed in some quarters to give a cumulative vote in proportion to the amount of income tax payable. But this idea is abhorrent to the pure democracy. To teach that property gives electoral rights is to defile the pure gospel of republicanism. Manhood is the essential element, and property is only a contemptible acci dent. It is true that the greater portion of our legislation relates to propertyin some shape or other, but that does not give the holders of property any right to dictate the laws. The present Ministry is not likely to be very rapidly democratical, for though it won its position by ultra professions, it has undergone the mellowing influence of official life. It is impossible to say, however, how far it may be pushed by its supporters. The present assembly, so far as can be judged at present, is not likely to be so urgent in its demo cratic tendencies as its predecessor. There is a change for the better in the composition of the House, and we may hope for a little improvement in the tone of our legislation. It may interest the members of the Church of England to hear that the subject of a local synod has again been discussed at the instigation of the bishop. Three years ago a conference of lay and clerical delegates was held, at which a bill to legalize a diocesan synod was agreed to. At that time it was assumed to be illegal for a synod to meet without• the royal sanction. The local parliament, however, seemed very adverse to the bill, and a strong mino rity within the church was opposed to it, and the bill was withdrawn. This year the bishop again, summoned a conference, and laid before it an en abling bill, based on the Canadian model. A small minority in the conference was opposed to any legis lation at all, preferring synodal action based on a consentual compact, as in New Zealand and South Australia; but the majority thought otherwise, and was disposed to continue the labours of the original conference. The bishop's bill was therefore laid aside, the original draft adopted, and a committee appointed to carry through parliament a bill lega lizing the ecclesiastical constitution thus assented to by the conference. It is thought that the present assembly will not refuse th e bill, the more especially as the Presbyterians have on hand a kindred bill to consolidate a union among some of the scattered portions of their body, or at least to recognise the union, and deal with the temporalities jealous among There is a great deal ofealousy among the different sects, and, of course, a very vigilant watch kept to see that no one steals a march on the rest by getting any superior legal recognition. In the present case the Episcopalians contend that they are asking for no more than the Presbyterians are. The latter have formed a union and as k t h e Legislature to recognise it ; the former have agreed to a synod, and ask the Legislature to recognise it. But the Presbyterians say that they do not ask the aid of the civil power to enforce the decrees of their Church courts ; but as an existing Presbyterian Act provides that the temporalities shall go not only with the doctrine but with the established discipline of the Church, the distinction drawn seems rather shadowy. It is probable that the present will be an ecclesi astical session, for in addition to the two denomina tional. bills alluded to, the qu estion of State aid to religion is to be revived. The last Parliament pro vided that that aid should cease with the lives of the present incumbents, but it is said that in the present Assembly there is a majority in favour of reversing that legislation. The Factory Inspeclors' Reports. The reports to the Home Secretary of Mr. A. Redgrave, for the half-year ending 31st Oct., 1864, and of Mr. R. Baker, for the nine months ending January 31st, 1865, have been published. The fol lowing are extracts of those portions that concern Manchester. Mr. Redgrave says :—The passing of the Factory Act Extension Act, 1864, and of the Bleaching and Dyeing Works Act Extension Act, 1864, has en larged very considerably the nature ot the duties to be performed by the inspectors and sub-inspectors of factories. The acts of last session embrace a di versity of occupations, namely, the manufacture of earthenware, lucifer matches, percussion caps and cartridges, the employments of paper staining and fustian cutting, and the processes of finishing, hook ing, lapping, or making up and packing. The prin cipal paper-staining establishments in my district are Over-Darwen, near Manchester, at Manchester, and at Leeds: In those factories a large number of chil dren are employed, and steam power is used in con nection with machinery. The chief objection to the factory regulations is the necessity for the stoppage of all machinery during meal-times, and I am glad that paper staining establishments have been exempted from this regulation for eighteen months after the passing of the act, as afigid application of the fac tory law in this respect would have caused consider able difficulty to the paper-stainer. Many of them have expressed to me great anxiety as to the future, but I have endeavoured to impress upon them the necessity of looking into the matter in time, for un doubtedly the cessatlon of work during meal times is one of the most important provisions of the Fac tory Acts, and one which is greatly valued by the operatives. The difficulty could, of course, be sur mounted by the employment of male adults, i.e, above eighteen years of age, during the meal hours whenever required ; but men are not so easily managed as boys, and they requi . re a higher rate of wages. Mr. Potter, of the firm of Potter and Co., Over-Darwen, prepared, in 1860, a bill to place some restrictions upon labour in paper-staining works, and proposed to adopt most of the factory regulations, as modified in the Bleaching Works Act ; and I was much interested to find, when I visited Over-Darwen, that the half-time system had been in operation in a portion of the works for a considerable time. Mr. Potter having full control over the boys employed in connection with the printing by cylinders, applied to them as strictly as as if they had been under the Factory Act the half time system, by which each child under 13 years of age attended school daily for three hours. This system is now in operation throughout the factory. There are only two places in ray district in which there are any considerable number of fustian cutters, viz., Manchester, and in the neighbourhood of Roy ton, near Oldham. At Manchester the fustian cut ters are generally adults, and they are chiefly located in the older parts of the city, about Deansgate, An coats, and some in Salford. The shops in which they work are for the most part the top rooms of houses, arranged very much in the same manner as the shops of the Spitalfields weavers, with casements the whole width of the house, so as to give light to the cutting tables, which are ranged by the side of the windows. Fustian cutting was originally the occupation of men. The length of the table is about three yards ; the cutter stands at one end, advances his foot about a yard, and reaches the end of the table with the point of his knife ; he then has to step back about a yard to resume his original position. The muscular exercise is even con siderable for a man ; and it must be observed that when the cutter stands still to rest his pay ceases until he resumes his work. If the remuneration is ample he can afford to rest ; if it is not he must slave to obtain his liv ing. The fustian cutters in Manchester are in a most depressed condition, which has been greatly aggravated by the cotton famine. For some years they obtained a fair price for their labour, but some of the master cutters, about 30 years since, intro duced the system of infant labour, and the men's wages reduced to those of the child. If the labour had been one suited for children, it would only have been a natural consequence that children should be employed instead of adults ; but the lapin of fus tian cutting is much too severe a tax upon a child, that it ought not to be permitted, and I think that the prohibition of the labour to any child under 11 years of .age a most beneficial and humane enact ment. But, reverting to the condition of the Man chester fustian cutters, I cannot show better how the introduction of infant labour has affected them than by quoting the prices paid for cutting within the last 30 years. Mr. Coles, the sub-inspector for part of Manchester, and for Salford, has kindly furnished me with the statement which I annex ; and it is important to remember that the appliances of this occupation are the same at both the periods named ; the amount of labour is the same ; no im provement in machinery has saved the cutter a pro cess, or relieved him of a step backwards or forwards. He finds his own knife, he purchases his own light, and his pay is liable to reduction for holes and damage : —1825: Half-ell velveteens, from Lid to 3d per yard ; two-eighth velveteens, from 3d to 4id per yard ; three-quarters velveteens, from 3id to sid per yard ; tabby velvets, from nd to 3id per yard. 1864: Half-ell velveteens, from id to ld per yard; two-eighth velveteens, from 2d to lid per yard ; three-quarter velveteens, from lid to 2d per yard ; tabby velvets, from /d to lid per yard. I can bear testimony to the abject condition of the fus tian cutters of Manchester ; and I heard, without surprise, the great satisfaction expressed by the ope rative cutters that they were placed under the regu lations of the Factory Acts, and their repeated ex pression of anxiety that the employment of females and of children after the statutory hours should be strictly prevented, for they hail the application of the Factory Act as the forerunner of an improve ment in their condition, in throwing back in the hands of the adult some of the labour heretofore almost monopolised by the child. The labour of children has only been resorted to occasionally in Manchester. The master cutters there are not owners of factories, but generally cutters themselves, owning or hiring tables, and it is seldom that one master cutter owns more than six tables. It is in the country districts that the children have been collected in fac tories, and where the real hardships of the employ ment have been experienced. Long hours and hard labour are the characteristics of fustian cutting. It is not, as in a spi nn i n g or weav i ng f ac t ory, th e watching of a broken thread, and the tying up of a broken end, which constitutes the occupation—these unquestionably re pairing constant attention, and a certain amount of manual dexterity—but down right hard work. The following is the nature of the work to be done. The cutting is an oblong frame, about Bft. long and 3ft. wide, the piece of goods to be cut is upon rollers at each end of the table, and is stretched taut. The cutter, who has a rapier -like knife with a very sharp point, takes his place at the right-hand end of the table, inserts his knife in the outermost pile at the farther side of the piece of goods, and drives the knife along the series of piles to the end of the table. To enable him to reach to the end of the table, he has to step out with his left foot about a yard, and follow his right arm with his body ; and in the case of a child, the body has been been brought so far down upon the left leg that a con siderable jerk is necessary to enable the child to recover its position upon its right leg, at the right hand end of the table, to be ready to insert the knife into the next series of piles. The occupation only be s broken wice ; either when the knife requires to e e b d e h which is done by the overlooker, or again when the length of fustain has been cut, and has to be rolled up so as to stretch another length of uncut pile. Each piece of velvet contains 900 races of pile in width, and the knife has conse quently to make 900 cuts from end to end of the frame, on each length of the fustian ; and as nine lengths are considered a day's work, it follows that the knife is passed daily over a space of about 10 miles, and the child has to make 8,100 passes of the knife; or, reckoning that the child worked ten hours and a half per day, and allowing half an hour for inter vals of the fustian cutting, sharpening the knife, and adjusting the lengths of fustian upon the table, it would cut 13 races per minute, thrusting the body forwards and backwards the same number of times. The hardship of this kind of labour is more striking when it appears that the actual work of the adult fustian cutters is less than that of the children. The men usually cut velveteens, which contain only 750 races, and they are only expected to cut the same number of lengths as the children—viz.,. nine ; and thus they will make only 6,780 passes of the knife, or rather more than eight miles per day. Fustian cutters have had to contend with another difficulty. The goods are prepared with lime and other materials which are let loose in the process of cutting, and the rooms are frequently filled with clouds of the finest dust, which is perforce inhaled by the operatives. There may be delay before this can be remedied, as the dust is heavy and does not readily rise, and the operatives have the greatest objection to a draught of air on a level with them, but the master fustian cutters have promised that their shops shall be ventilated as well as possible. It is usual for the inspectors to send to the occupier of every mill, upon its first starting, a copy of the abstract of the Factory Act, and of the notice of meal hours, both of which documents are to be hung up in his mill, leaving him to provide himself with the other documents required. Latterly I have been in the habit of forwarding at the same time a copy of the " Hints upon the Administration of the Factory Acts," which I have had drawn up expressly to en able a mill occupier to obtain a knowledge of the general regulations, and of the manner in whieh he should proceed. In the present instance I had copies of the registers and certificate books put together in one book, and a copy sent with the other documents to the proprietor of every establishment under either of the new acts. I found that very exaggerated no tions prevailed of what the factory regulations were, and in many instances the " Hints" had shown how simply the chief enactments could be carried out, and had enabled the principals to give effect at once to the new act. The necessity of limiting the hours of labour of children and females has been freely ac knowledged on all sides. The advantages which masters, as well as operatives, will eventually enjoy from the regularity of work and meals, which will be indispensable under the factory system, are fully appreciated ; and although it is natural that some of the regulations should appear unnecessary, and that others, suitable for cotton factories, might appearnot adapted for an earthenware work or a lucifer match factory, I have found most of those objections re moved upon explanation, and I have met through out with the utmost cordiality, and strongly ex pressed intentions to carry out the various provisions of the law fully and frankly. Mr. Baker writes :—The consumption of cotton in Great Britain has been larger in 1864 than it was in 1863 by 229,281 bales, or about 16 per cent. ; but the prices of the raw material are still very high, and without much probability of their being lower ; and, no doubt, these prices are telling very much on the smaller capitalists, many of whom have, for a long period, been hoping against hope, and wishing every day that the war would end. Thus, Mr. Sub-Inspector May, in writing to me about his sub division, on the 11th of November last, says "There have been 35 failures in and about Burnley during the last two or three months." It has been indisputably asserted that whilst in 1860, which was the most prosperous year the cotton trade ever knew, not less than 40 millions of pounds sterling were dis tributed among the industrial classes of Lancashire engaged in the cotton trade or the houses depen dent on it, during the last three years, taking every favourable circumstance into consideration, upon the average scarcely twenty-five millions have been realised. The question, therefore, at the present moment to be considered is—and it is one of a most momentous character—how is this deficiency to be borne if it should be continuous, and by what means is the country to sustain and meet it? lam informed that the silk trade, during the whole of last year, has been a very difficult and unprofitable one, particularly to the throwers, and further fail ures amongst them have taken place. The princi pal cause of this badness of trade has been the scarcity, and the consequent very high price, of raw silk. The dearness of money had also, no doubt, a very prejudicial effect upon it. Of linen, Mr. Baker reports :—lt is a curious circumstance that not long ago, with respect to one class of goods, all the efforts of certain cotton manufacturers were directed to get up cotton so closely to resemble linen that the purchaser's eye should be deceived by it ; or else, by showing its capability to receive so fine a ma nipulation, its apparent value should be enhanced. At the present time the same efforts are being made to give to linen all the external qualifications of the finest calico, so that it may force its way into the market as a substitute, to a certain extent, for it. " Travelling lately," writes Mr. Darkin in October last, " with Mr. —, of —, he stated to me some facts which you may like to hear. He had just re turned from Manchester, where a large exporter told him that he was so disgusted with the complaints from all quarters of the rotten calico made from Surat cotton, that he was determined, if possible, to substitute linen for it. He was paying more than 6d. per yard for the calico, but would pay more for linen. Mr. showed him specimens of linen, creamed in yarn before being woven into cloth, and he was so pleased with the colour and strength, that he at once gave an order for 2,000 pieces for export, at 7d. per yard. He further told me that he might have had orders for 100,000 pieces if he could have executed them, so pleased was the Manchester man with them. A clever girl, minding two looms, has turned out 550 yards of " this linen in a week." But when the extension of the line trade fails, is in the fact that the whole force of the linen manufacturer has been for some time expended on production, whilst he has overlooked the necessity of combining with that the science of distribution. The profit demanded upon calico bears no proportion to that which the public pays upon linen goods to the re tail vendor above the wholesale price. Thus linen remains still the luxury which it has been ever since it was superseded by cotton, whilst cotton remains what is termed " the leading article." But with the price of linen as it now stands, with the facility of transport by railway or steamboat, with the competition which is springing up in other countries where they see no disadvantage in growing flax, but are actually increasing their machinery because of the cheapness of labour and the valuable nature of their water power, the time appears tome not far distant when our manufacturers will have to recast the scheme by which their linens remain un sold, and thereby afford to the public the opportu nity of purchasing linens at such prices as will leave ample profit to the producers, and at the same time vastly increase its consumption in the most rational way. Our working classes are at present almost debarred the use of linen by its enormous retail price ; but by and by this anomaly will cease to exist, and linen will take its place by the side of cotton, without entering into injurious competition with it. Mr. Baker also reports in similar terms to Mr. Redgrave upon the fustian cutters in and about Warrington, Lymm in Cheshire, Cadishead, Irlam, Hollings Green, and in the more southerly parts of Cheshire. The total number of such works, he says, in my district is 173, and the number of persons employed about 420 males and 1,060 females, of which latter 200 are children. THE SCOTCH IRON TRADE.—The Glasgow Evening Citizen says :—" On Monday, a general meeting of the ironworkers in Glasgow and neighbourhood was held in Whyte's Temperance Hotel, Mr. 'John Collins in the chair, at which the following proposition was unanimously adopted The workmen respectfully request, through the committee, to be permitted to proceed with their work at the rate of wages hitherto paid to them, and failing this, they most respectfully urge that, in order to settle the differences which have arisen as to wages, the masters should agree to arbitration, the men pledging themselves to submit to whatever decision may be pronounced by the ar bitrators.' We understand that the men are now locked out in the following works:—Town Head, Govan Bar, Mother well, Gartness, Monkland, Mossend, Rochsollock, Coats, Phoenix, Clifton, Drumpeller, and Merryston. No lock-out has been adopted in the following works :—Blochairn, North British, Woodneuck, and Barrhead. We understand that the masters of Muirkirk Ironworks have so far agreed to the wishes Of the men as to be willing to submit the questions in dispute to arbitration. Meanwhile, they will keep their works open, pay the men to account, and adopt the rate of pay which may be proposed by the arbitrators.'' THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 14, 1861 The Debate in the French Chambers on Mexico—April 12. The order of the day was the adjourned discussion on the Address (the part under consideration being Par. 16 relating to Mexico, on which an amendment had been pre sented, disapproving of the French expedition and calling for the immediate return of the troops). M. CORTA, in continuation of his speech, commenced on the previous day, said that he considered the pacification of Mexico in a fair way of being accomplished. All the sea ports 'and the principal towns were in the hands of the new Government, and the taking of Ojaca had deprived the insurrection of its principal arsenal. Perhaps it mi g ht be necessary to send an expedition into Sonora, but there could hardly be any serious resistance there, and he felt convinced that expedition would be the last. As to the sup pression of briganclism, which had long prevailed through out the country, the Government had organised rural guards, which seemed likely to have a beneficial effect. But the presence of a disciplined army was still necessary, not only for the consolidation of the new institutions, but for the security of all interests. He thought that army must be composed of Europeans ; but should it be French? The amendment proposed the immediate withdrawal of the French troops ; but such a step would compromise the re sults already obtained and make French policy the laugh ing -stock of Europe. To abandon the men who had ac cepted the intervention and declared for the new Empire, leaving them exposed to the animosity of reactionists, would be an act unworthy of France. She could bear the sacrifice of money, but not of her hon our. (Approbation.) The French force might be gra dually reduced in proportion to the development of the foreign legion and other troops, but the French flag must remain in Mexico till the interests it had gone to defend should be sufficiently guaranteed. As the eventu ality of a war resulting from the establishment of peace in the United States, he could say from his own observation when in Mexico, that much less uneasiness was felt there on that point than in Europe. When the United States were victorious in Mexico, no disposition was shown to hold the country, and quite recently, when Juarez offered the province of Sonora to the American Government for 75 millions, President Lincoln twice refused to accept it- As for President Davis, he had acknowledged the new Government of Mexico, and expressed his willingness to hold friendly relations with that country. He therefore did not think that Mexico had anything to apprehend from her northern neighbours. What might be the results of the French expedition to Mexico, the future would show; meanwhile it was the duty of France not to have her task unfinished. His late visit to that country had convinced him of that fact, and he would therefore vote against the amendment, and for the paragraph of the Address. (Hear, hear.) M. ERNEST PICARD began by observing that M. Corta's glowing descrription of the prospects of Mexico had not convinced him that it was the interest of Franco to prose cute her enterprise further ; he was rather inclined to accept the judgment of General Forey, who viewed the position of affairs in a very different light. He wanted official information on the subject, but the Government withheld all documents which might throw light on the real state of things, as if it wished to keep the country under illusions which itself did not share. (Interruption.) The Government said that the French troops were about to return home, whereas M. Corta asserted that they were going to conquer Sonora. (Interruption.) Several VoicEs—He did not say that. M. CoRTA—I only said hypothetically that if such an ex pedition were meditated, it would encounter little resist ance, and would be the last. (Hear, hear.) M. E. Picini) went on to say that the country was not pacified, and that if demonstrations in favour of the Em pire were made in some places, there were serious resist ance in others. M. Corta had stated that if the French troops were to leave Mexico, those persons who bad fa voured the intervention would be exposed to the attacks of the reactionary party. Why, the French themselves were at present exposed to the animosity of their own partisans, as was proved by the letter which the Arch bishop of Mexico addressed to General Sala, stating that the Church of Mexico had never been, even by Juarez, more cruelly treated than by the Provisional Government. Such was the language addressed to the French by the very persons whom they went to help. He would ask M. Corta whether he was sure that he had seen everything. A VOICE.—You yourself have seen nothing. M. E. PICARD—M. Corta understood what he saw, but he (M. Picard) thought much more remained to be seen. He believed that one reason why the Government left the affairs of Mexico in obscurity was that Maximilian would be obliged to make another appeal to French capitalists, and he feared that France would in some way be involved as a party to the loan. The true basis of the loan was the financial prosperity of Mexico. It had been stated that the customs revenue of Mexico was 80 millions in 1856, and in all probability had since increased to 100 millions. He held in his hand a synoptical table of the Mexican finances, drawn up in 1850, and he found that, if the re sults indicated by M. Corta were correct, the revenue had nearly doubled during a period when the utmost agitation prevailed throughout the country. (Interruption.) M. CORTA said that the returns which he gave were ex tracted from a document published in Mexico in 1856, and therefore could not fairly be impugned on the authority of a document which appeared five years previously. M. E. PICARD thought that the financial accounts of Mexico were not very reliable, and he was convinced that no good results could be obtained from financial dealings with that country. Last year M. Berryer had stated that instead of a loan of 100 or 120 millions, Mexico would want 700 or 750 millions, and seeing that a second loan was now meditated, his eminent colleague, perhaps, was not far wrong. The hon. deputy hexe gave a retrospective view of the Mexican affair from its commencement to 1864, when the Government declared, before the committee of which M. Larrabure was reporter, that the French troops would return before the end of that year, and that no new new expeditions would be made into the interior of Mexico ; yet it now appeared that there was to be one to Sonora. The Government had forgotten its engagements with the Chamber, and the army not only did not return in 1864, but would not return in 1865. The Minister did not deny this, and he thanked him for making no further engagements. What would the Chamber do ? Either the discussion of the Address was a mere political pastime--(interruption)— M. GEMS-Brzorx—The word is parliamentary. The PRESIDENT—If it be parliamentary, it is-ill-chosen, in presence of debates so serious and complete. Mr. E. PICARD said that the interruption proved his meaning to have been misunderstood. What he wanted was that the Chamber should give an efficacious vote. He did not think the language of the Address sufficiently pre cise to obviate all possible mistakas on the part of the Go vernment as to their intentions. He adjured the Chamber in the interest of the country to express an energetic opinion if they had the courage. (Interruption, and cries of " Order ! order !") The PRESIDENT requested the hon. deputy to withdraw the word which had offended the Chamber. It was not a question of courage, but of convictions ; and, in France, those who had convictions never wanted courage to ex press them. 31. E. PICARD—I appeal to the whole Chamber; it will admit with me that the resolution to be taken in the pre sent circumstance requires a certain co urage . (D en i a l s .) The PRESIDENT a gain requested the h on . d epu t y t o with draw an expression which was to a certain extent offen sive to the Chamber. M. E. PICARD said he, withdrew it without the least hesitation. He had no intention to offend the Chamber. He trusted that the second part of the amendment respect ing the recall of the troops from Mexico would be adopted, or a similar wish expressed in other words. It was not prudent to leave 40,000 or 50,000 Preach soldiers and a part of the fleet engaged for years at a distance of 3,000 leagues from home. He, therefore, adjured the Chamber to demand their recall in the interests both of the Govern ment and of France. (Partial approbation.) M. Rounzu—The Government does not come to ask the Chamber for a vote of confidence, but for a sincere, en lightened, and deliberate judgment on the events in Mexico. To facilitate such a judgment I will give a plain statement of the facts. M. Picard has unjustly complained of the silence of the Government on the Mexican question, seeing that the Maniteur publishes every fortnight an accurate ac count of the military, administrative, and financial situa tion of Mexico. M. Picard's reproach is, therefore, un founded. I will first show the state of Mexico before the expedition, what the Emperor Maximilian has done, and what duties the present situation imposes on us, after which I will discuss the meaning of the paragraph in the Address, and that of the amendment. Before the French intervention, Mexico was a prop to the most detestable anarchy, the result of fifty years of disorder, revolution, and civil war. Such was the painful contrast which Mexico offered, between the great natural advantages with which God had endowed it, and the anarchical conduct of the governing classes. Order, industry, and patriotism were only to be found among the long oppressed Indian population. There was no security for the industry of the natives or even of foreigners ; hence arose the resolution of the three great Powers to obtain satisfaction for the affront offered them and for the outrages committed on their subjects. What is the state of Mexico under the Government of the Emperor Maximilian called to the throne by the suffrage of five millions of inhabitants ? The country is not indeed quite pacified, but that is not surprising, as the Emperor has been there scarcely ten months. The inter vention of France has, however, pacified the central pro vinces, whil3 those of the North and South are only par tially so. The governors of those provinces had long been, in a manner, independent of the central Government, had their own administration, troops, and finances, and contributed but little to the general expenses of the Go vernment. The Emperor had therefore to reorganise the parts already subjected and to pacify them. This was a difficult task, as he had to resist the tendencies of the clerical party on the one hand and of the pretended Liberal party on the other. Between these two parties the Empe ror has had the honour of constituting the Conservative- Liberal party. While accomplishing this task he had also to bring the remoter provinces under his sway. With this view he granted a general amnesty, visited the provinces in person that he might see for himself what should be done, and on his return to his capital set about organizing the Go vernment in the way he thought most likely to prove bene ficial to the country. Having restored the administration of justice, ho turned to those questions which concern the public prosperity, especially the making of roads and rail ways. The customs of Vera Cruz in consequence of the measures taken have considerably increased. Several rail ways have been conceded and are partly executed. Mining has been encouraged, and is progressing favourably. Steam communications have also been established with foreign countries. Emigration has also been stimulated by offer ing grants of land ; and to crown the whole a national bank has been founded at Mexico with the aid of foreign capi talists. Such are the results attained in this short space of time. As to the military expeditions which M. Picard condemns, they were necessary to break the power of Jua rez. He received supplies through Matamoros, and from ports on the Pacific. The Emperor Maximilian therefore resolved that those ports should be seized, and expeditions were accordingly sent for the purpose. Do those corps er armee which overrun the immense territory from victory to victory merit nothing but blame ? (Movement.) What ! you criticise the conduct of the eminent chief who has covered our flag with - new glory, and has done what had never been accomplished in that country for 50 years past ! (Hear, hear.) M. E. PicARD—I never said that. M. Rowan—lf you did not blame the soldiers you blamed the commander, and you strove to make the Government contradict itself. Well, then, the columns of Marshal Bite eine have occupied Durango, then Monterey, then Mata moros ; and they have destroyed the sources from which Juarez drew his supplies. Gen. Douay has penetrated into the State of Jalisco, and, advancing towards the ports of the Atlantic, has successively conquered them for the Em peror, and caused the Mexican flag to be everywhere re spected. (Applause.) M. Picard, if I understand him aright, reproaches us with two things; an overweening confidence in Mexican resources, and a breach of promise. Now, with respect to the former, it appears to me that the information given by M. Corta is sufficient to reassure the Chamber. He has shown us that under the Spanish Ad ministration the contributions reached 100 millions, 50 of which were appropriated by the Spaniards. In 1846 the Americans were in possession of all the Mexican ports, and the customs were found to bring in 80 or 90 millions. There is also the revenue from the mines, the land-tax, and the tobacco crops. A single reflection ought to con ♦ince the Chamber of the vitality of the country, and during the wars the taxes were infinitely heavier than in the present day. A general just returned from Mexico gave me this reply to my inquiry about its resources :—" The country has paid 300 millions of taxes annually during 50 years." If that be the case, gentlemen, may we not as sume that the re-establishent or order will enable us to levy 150 millions per annum ?—(adhesion)— and that order will be found in the administration of the Emperor Maxi milian, which will give serious guarantees to any sub scribers of a loan. Nor is there any question of responsi bility, either direct or moral, on the part of the French Government; we decline it altogether, and merely submit the facts of the case to the judgment of the public. M. J. FAvRE—Who is to control the operation ? M. RouHEn—The capitalists themselves, who understand their own interests, and will take care not to risk their funds in random speculations. It is indeed certain that if they have any belief in the allegations of M. Picard, they will not lend their money. But I am about to reassure the hon. member and his friends ; their minds may be at ease, as the loan is already contracted. (Signs of satisfaction.) At this moment it is signed by the chief houses of France and England. I received the news on entering the Cham ber. (Applause.) I now come to the second charge, that of a breach of our engagements. But what did we really promise ? In January of last year we stated that the French troops would not remain indefinitely in Mexico, but be re called according to circumstances, and we expressed a hope that not less than 10,000 men might be withdrawn before the close of the year. Now, what has happened ? We ad mit that the force recalled does not exceed 7,000 or 8,000 men ; a regiment of Zouaves has been detained by the siege of Oejaco. But two days after the capture of that place, Marshal Bazaine wrote to the Minister of War to say that the regiment was on the point of embarking in order that the promise of the Government might be fulfilled. Hon. members will see that the good faith of engagements has been scrupulously respected. But, gentlemen, there is, 'as we are told, a black spot in the horizon. We ought to withdraw our troops through fear of a rupture with the redoubtable States of North America. Let us examine the real character of the danger. lam well aware that certain manoeuvres, tending to sow provocations and kindle a war between France and the United States are carried on with impunity. Such papers are circulated both in France and England. I myself read the other day an article that drew a most deplorable picture of the state of Mexico, and the same article was reproduced in 15 other journals. I should not have mentioned this had not M. Picard brought for ward an anonymous document, not even written in French, purporting to be the complaints of subscribers to the Mexi can loan. What guarantee has M. Picard of its authenticity; and, if he has none, how can he venture to make it public in this house ? (Noise and approbation.) There exists indeed in the United States a press both ardent and sus ceptible. A report was propagated that France intended to colonise the provinces of Sonora and Chihuahua, with the view of working the metalliferous deposits. The re port caused a lively emotion, and France was made the object of the wildest accusations. In some journals it was pretended that she was contemplating an armed interven tion in favour of the South, and the supposed menace was retorted by an invocation of the Monroe doctrine. Two recent incidents have been mentioned : in the House of Representatives the Chamber has voted itself competent to control the action of Government; in the Senate the words "Legation of the Republic of Mexico" have been substi tuted in the Budget for "Legation of Mexico." Such have been the most recent manifestations ; they have since been forgotten in the march of armies and the turmoil of war. On the other hand, the explanations interchanged between our Government and that of the American Piesident have been of a satisfactory nature. In his Message of Dec. 1, 1864, Mr. Lincoln says that he remains attached to a strict neutrality ; in that of March he appeals to peace and con cord among all nations ; lastly, his representative at Paris has given our Foreign Minister the clearest assurances re lative to eventualities that cause so much alarm. I am therefore entitled to affirm that such apprehensions are groundless. I should consider it impious to express a wish for the continuance of the deadly contest now raging. I know not how it will terminate, but I say openly that it is the desire of the Emperor and of France that it should cease as soon as possible. The day when peace shall be signed will be a day of rejoicing for France, as the oldest ally, and, so to speak, the godmother of the United States. (Applause.) But, gentlemen, why should the States covet Mexico ? They have already possessed it, and lost no time in abandoning it. The sole idea of the North is to reconstruct the Union, and the annexation of Mexico would be in direct contradiction to it, for the force of the South would be greatly augmented thereby. The real interest of the States is to open commercial relations with Mexico on the most amicable footing. I need not say much of the buccaneers from Matamoras; that country is 500 leagues distant. On the whole I can see no valid rea son why peace between France and the United States should be disturbed ; these two countries will remain united in remembering their past greatness and their pre sent friendship. With regard to the return of our troops, a month or two sooner or later is of little consequence. They will not return at the moment fixed by you in the amendment—fixed also by Juarez, who, encouraged by the report you have sent him, supposes that the Opposition re presents France. (Applause and interruption.) M. J. FAVRE—That is an insult to the Opposition. M. E. PICARD—You are violent ; therefore you are in the wrong. M. ilouitEit—l was not aware of being violent—the vio lence is on your side ; and you have neither legitimate grievances nor serious hopes. (Great applause.) Were your complaints just, public opinion would be with you, which it is not. (Assent and interruption.) M. J. FAVRE—We have had 180,000 suffrages in Paris. Try and get your candidates elected. M. CHEVANDIER DE VALDROME—Paris is not France. M. BELMONTET—The Emperor had eight million votes. M. E. PRT.T.PTAN—If public opinion is with you give us back the liberty of the press. (Noise.) The PRESIDENT—YOU prevent that by your provocations. M. E. PICARD—We demand of the Government— The PRESIDENT—I beg hon. members to remain silent. M. Rouher is in possession of the house. M. ROUnEß—Gentlemen, if I have gone a little too far in my expressions, my responsibility will be covered by the attitude of the Opposition. I conclude, then, by re peating that our expedition is one of grand import to the interests of civilisation, and that our troops will not be le called till the object be attained and the difficulties sur mounted. (Prolonged applause.) The amendment was then put, and rejected by 225 voices to 16 ; and the paragraph was adopted. The PRESIDENT then read Par 17, relating to Algeria, and said there was an amendment signed by MM. Beth mont, Carnot, Dorian, Gamier-Pages, and ten other mem bers, thus worded : " Algeria invites a new system of Administration. The interests of this great colony require that colonists should find lands to purchase, that individual property should be constituted amongst the Arabs, and that a liberal legislation should insure to our compatriots the representa tion—the guarantees that are still wanting. The army re presses insurrections by its valour, but it belongs to the civil population to prevent their recurrence by its own de velopment, and by the establishment in Africa of French p•wer and civilisation." Viscount LANJUINAIS rose to develop° the above amend ment. He began by reminding the Chamber of his stric tures on the favourable situation of Algeria just previous to the great outbreak of the great rebellion of 1864. That rebellion was not yet completely extinguished, and if France had to maintain 70 or 80,000 men in Africa and 40 or 50,000 in Mexico, her action abroad would be paralysed. It was therefore essential to inquire what were the real motives of the rebellion. He was obliged to draw a dis tinction between the real causes and those alleged in the Government reports. (Murmurs.) The latter were of three kinds : the recrudescence of religious passions, the con flicts between the military and the civil governments, and the license of the press. It would be easy to show that the first cause was wholly imaginary, and that the real cause of the insurrection in Tunisia was the extortionate levy ing of imposts. Nor was there much more reality in the second of the causes assigned, for there was no civil, but only a military government in Algeria. But if there was no antagonism between the civil and military governments, there was one of very ancient date between the Minister of War and the Governor of the colony, and the gravest misunderstandings were the result. He (the speaker) would prefer a governor-general invested with extraordi nary powers to an administration split into two sections. The third official cause was the aberrations of the press, on which little need be said. The press was less free in Algeria than in France, inasmuch as the regime was ap plied by a military hand, and that sometimes a very heavy one. Having thus disposed of the official, the hon. mem ber went on to cite what he considered to be real causes. They were of two kinds, the-accidental and the permanent. The first accidental cause was the dispute between the Arab bureau and Sidi Soliman, which led to the bastinado applied to the secretary of the greatest personage amongst the natives of Algeria. Another cause was an ill-defined treaty with Morocco, wherein certain tribes ceded to that Government became discontented in finding themselves treated as still under French domination. But the most permanent cause of the rebellion was unquestionably the irregular levying of the impost. In the civil territories there were from 300,000 to 400,00?) Arabs who paid their taxes into the treasury according to a regular assessment. But in the military territories the impost was levied by the rich natives and by the caids, who when they had to levy sf. for France extorted at the same time 10f. or 15f. for themselves. That was one of the chief causes of the re bellion. The Arabs in general supposed that such exactions were authorised by the French authorities. Such a state of things was very regrettable, and a remedy ought to be found in a more equitable assessment. The hon. member commented on a recent act which he thought exceedingly grave ; he meant the letter of the Emperor, dated Feb. 6, 1863—(sensation)—the tone of which seemed decidedly opposed to the development of colonisation ; and con cluded by urging an extension of the powers of the go vernor-general with the view of preventing altercation with the Minister of War. (Applause.) The debate was again adjourned. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT-April 14. (Before Mr. Baron Channell and Mr. Justice Smith.) PELIZZIONI'S CASE.-." THE SAFFRON-WIT.T. MURDER." The case for the prosecution having closed, Sergeant Ballantine proceeded to address the jury for the defence. He dwelt upon the great importance of the inquiry, owing to past trials, and upon the fact that the prisoner was under sentence of death. The police, he contended, had commenced with a blunder, and that sooner than admit tho blunder suppressed matter, which was of the greatest importance to the pre sent inquiry. He should endeavour to lay before them what he considered the admitted facts on which the jury would have to decide. It was conceded by the prosecution— and that would be the first matter for consideration—for upon it the entire case for the prosecution was founded— that the act was committed, if it was committed by Pelizzioni, was committed by him when he was down in the bagatelle room. If he succeeded in breaking the groundwork and point of the prosecution that Pelizzioni was the only Italian in the room, he should destroy the whole case for the prosecution, for it was obvious that the other circumstances of the prosecution were of secondary importance. The case for the defence was this—There had been a variety of discussions, amounting to scuffles, in the course of the evening, and an ill-feeling had sprung up between the English and Italians. The English were by no means behind the others in returning any compli ments the Italians might pay them. The Italians said that while they were ready and intending to have a row the English were quite as ready to create a disturbance them selves. The Englishmen, they say, had been calling the Italians ruffians, and using other expressions of that kind, and that two or three of the Italians did, in point of fact, force their way into the bagatelle-room, into which the English had retreated, and that it was then the matter occurred which formed the subject of the present inquiry. The question then arose, Who was it that struck the blow? The defence said, in contradistinction to the prosecution, that not only one man got into the room before Harring ton was stabbed, but that two or three of them got in be fore that event took place. Upon this point there would be a great conflict of testimony. It would be shown that amongst others Gregorio Mogul and his brother John got in. John, indeed, was one of the first, and when Gregorio saw that his brother was being mal treated he took out his pocket knife, with which he stabbed Harrington, Rebbeck, and Bannister. At that time Peliz zioni, who was a man of great influence amongst the Italians, was at a neighbouring public house, and was in formed that a serious disturbance was going on at the Golden Anchor. He went there for the purpose of putting an end to it, and directly he entered the house and went to the room he was knocked down, and fell on the body of Harrington. In a moment afterwards he was seized by King, and was taken into custody by the police. That was the case to which, upon satisfactory evidence, he should ask the assent of the jury. The learned sergeant then called attention to the evidence for the prosecution, which bore upon these points. At the clq,se of the learned counsel's address, which lasted three hours and ten minutes, Gregorio Mogni was called, and in answer to Mr. Ribton said he had been sentenced to five years' penal servitude for the manslaughter of Harrington. He was then subjected to a long examination, during which he repeated his account of the disturbance at the Golden Anchor on the night of Dec. 26. He admitted taking a knife from the pocket, when Marazzi told him not to use the knife, but he .replied that if he did not he would not get out of the room alive. He then struck the knife into the belly of the first person who came up to him, but he did not know who it was. He then struck the knife into Rebbeck. He did not know into what part he struck the knife, but he struck the blow with his left hand. He wounded another man, but did not know him by name. He did by sight. The witness Bannister, one of the parties stabbed on the evening in question, was called into court, and the witness at once idendfied him as the person. He also identified Mrs. King as the female he threw down when he entered the bagatelle-room. The witness was under examination when we went to press. The case was then adjourned till Saturday. THIRD COURT. (Before the Recorder.) THE CITY BURGLARIES. This morning Wilkinson, alias Carotty Fred, Brown; alias Scotty, Jeffrey, and Brewerton, were indicted for a burglary at Messrs. Bennoch's, warehousemen, in Wood street, Cheapside. At the close of the evidence for the prosecution the Recorder said there was no evidence against Brewerton, and he was acquitted upon that indictment. The learned counsel engaged for the prisoners addressed the jury, who found them guilty. Mr. Ribton having intimated that the other cases against the prisoners would not be proceeded with, The prisoners were asked in the usual form why sen tence should not be passed upon them. Casloy asked the Court for mercy, as he said he had been forced into an indecent life, after the greatest struggle to avoid it. The other prisoners remained silent. The Recorder then passed on them the judgment of the Court. Brown (alias Scotty) and Jeffrey were sentenced to 20 years' penal servitude, Casley and Brewerton to 14 years', Wilkinson and Hurley to 10 years', and Roberts, the receiver, to seven years' penal servitude. NEW COURT. HIGHWAY ROBBERY. John Walters was indicted for highway robbery from a boy in Oxford-street, and found guilty. The learned Judge sentenced him to 14 years' penal servitude. PHOTOGRAPHY.—Dr. Van Monkhoven has pub lished a process for extracting the silver contained in photographer's waste. Old nitrate baths are first fil tered, and .ammonia is then added in sufficient quantity to redissolve the brown precipitate which has been formed. Sulphate of ammonia is next added, and the tempe rature of the liquid is raised to 40 deg. Centigrade. In the course of an hour all the silver will be found precipitated in a state of absolute purity. It is then washed and dis solved in nitric acid, whereby pure nitrate of silver is ob tained. The waste obtained from toning is poured into a large vessel, and a lamina of copper put in. In the course of 21 hours all the silver will be precipitated. After the contents of the vessel have been several times renewed, the grey powder at the bottom is collected and dissolved in nitric acid ; ammonia is added, and the liquid, after being filtered, is treated with sulphate of ammonia to obtain the pure metal. PhotogrAphers' waste paper is reduced to ashes, and the latter are t re ated with an equal weight of nitric acid diluted with twice its volume of water. The liquid is then heated to ebullition, and the silver is thus dissolved. The residue is filtered and poured into the vessel containing the lamina of copper.—The Bulletin Belge de la Photographie publishes two processes for transferring photographs on painters' canvas. The first merely consists in coating a fine canvas with collodion containing chloride of silver, and t h e n performing the other operations of toning and fixing as usual. The other process consists in applying a coating of collodion to th e canvas—before it is dry (a point, we think, requiring con siderable nicety, since collodion dries almost instantane ously) ; another coating is laid on. consisting of 100 gms. of albumen, 100 do. of water, 1 do. of bromide of potassium, and 2 do. of iodide of the same. When this is dry, the fol lowing solution is applied with a dabber:—Distilled water, 100 gms.; nitrate of silver, 10 do. ; acetic acid, 100 do. The canvas is then washed to carry off the excess of nitrate of silver ; then, when the whole is dry, it is exposed to light through a negative, or in the frame of a solar camera, if the image is to be enlarged, until a faint outline becomes per ceptible, which is then developed with a saturated solution of gallic acid, and fixed with hyposulphite in the usual way. The Toilet of a Roman Lady. This is a subject on which very little has been written, and none but those who are least interested in the subject, viz., the litterati, can dive into the secrets of an antique toilet table. Our fair readers may, however, increase their classic lore in this respect by perusing Dr. Constantin James's " Toilette d'une Romaine au Temps d'Auguste et Cosm6tiques d'une Parisienne," a small volume in which the author, in a pleasing and popular style, draws a paral lel between the old and modern toilet of the fashionable world. We have not space to describe all the odd recipes with which a Roman lady would enhance her charms or ward off the cruel blows of inexorable time. We cannot describe how she entrusted her tender toes to the care of a pedicure, nor how a naughty white hair was picked out by the e'pileuse of the day, whose duty moreover it was to pumice off the hairs of the legs and pull out that of the arm-pits, which were easily visible in those days ; but we may say something of the teeth, and tell our readers that in those days false masticators were quite as much in vogue as now. There was a certain Cascellius, who was cele brated for pulling out or curing decayed teeth, at the choice of the owner; he could plug them with gold, just as our dentists do now. Others made false teeth, which they often fixed with a certain adhesive substance ; they made them of bone or ivory, and when the patient was rich would fix them with gold hooks. What were these but our famous osanores I They were equally clever in making whole sets of teeth which could be put in and taken out at will, "just," as Martial tells us, "as you would take off• your silk gown." Philocome preparations were in great request for the hair, and no wonder among a people that considered baldness a shame. Bear's grease was highly prized, and its reputation has come down to our days. That the Roman hair dressers had capital hair dye is certain ; for Martial tells us that "a woman will in an instant become a raven, though she was a swan before." But their dye was apt to soil the head ; for the same poet tells an old beau that rather than dye his hair he had better take a sponge. False hair was in request, and was chiefly pro cured from German slaves; wigs were not unknown ; for Domitian, who *as bald, is represented with one ; and. Messahna would cover her black hair with yellow tresses. Hair was worn in divers fashions. Ovid tells us that a long face looks most becoming with the hair separated right and left ; that some ladies let their hair fall in ring lets on their shoulders ; others tie them up after the fashion of Diana, and others wear them in a net. Verily there is nothing new under the sun. We must take leave of the author and his amusing book, merely adding that it also contains much good advice to the fair sex as regards the use of cosmetics, the author being very particular in point ing out those which contain dangerous poisons, and those which do not. COUNTRY MARKETS BRISTOL—THURSDAY. Our market to-day was thinly attended. English wheat was in moderate supply, and could only be sold by sub mitting to a decline of is per qr. Very little•foreign on offer. Oats maintained their value, the transactions were only in retail. Beans and peas little doing. BIRMINGHAM—TurnsDAY. At this day's market there was a short supply of wheat, which sold slowly at a decline of 6d to is per qr. Barley, oats, and beans nearly as much higher. Currencies :—English wheat, white, 40s to 44s ; red, 365 to 41s per 36 stone. Malting barley, 28s to 34s ; grinding, 22s to 25s per qr. Date, 24s to 30s ; Irish, 19s to 24s per 30 stone. Beans, 38s to 42s ; and peas, 38s to 40s per qr. BURY ST. EDMUND'S-WEDNESDAY. Although the supply of wheat at this market to-day wag not large, still farmers, to make sales, had to submit to 10 per qr. decline on last week's prices. The supply of barley was good at is per qr. less money. Beans, peas, and oats met a dull sale. Talavera wheat, 43s to 475; red ditto, 36s to 88s; barley, 30s to 338; secondary ditto, 27s to 29s per qr. • Averages ; Wheat, .540 ,qrs., 39s lld ; barley, 995 qrs., —s Od; oats, qrs., —s Od. N EWARK—WEDNESDAY. Here to-day millers would have been free buyers of wheat, at a reduction of is per qr from last week's rates, but farmers refusing, very little business passed. Barley, oats, and beans, is dearer, . MANCHESTER-THURSDAY. The corn exchange this morning was thinly attended. Wheat and flour in limited request. Oats sold freely and must be quoted Id per 451 b. dearer. Oatmeal also higher. Good dry beans advancad 6d to is per qr. Indian corn realised 6d per qr. over last week. EDINBURGH—WEDNzsDAy. At our market there was a good supply of country wheat, which sold at fully the rates of last week. Wheat on the top,.os 6d down average, Os ld up Barley on the top, is Od up average, is 9d up. Oats on the top, Os 9d up average, Os 9d up. Beans on the top, 3s Od up average, Is 4d up. Average prices. • Wheat, 39s Od Oats, 24s id Barley, 29s 7d `Beans, 38s 6d Total supply and sales. Wheat BB3 qrs sold 642 Barley 9lO qrs sold 674 Oats 1850 qrs sold 1430 Beans llB qrs sold 118 Town-made flour sells as follows:—White, 36s 6d; extra superfine, 35s Od; superfine, 33s 6d; fine, 325. GLASGOW-WEDNESDAY. A thin attendance to-day, and the wheat trade quiet at a reduction of 3d to 6d. German flour 6d cheaper, but Canadian obtained last week's prices in retail. Oats in fair request, and 3d to 6d dearer. Barley, beans, and peas firm, and quite as dear. Indian corn held for 17s 6d, which checked sales. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. s. 8. Northumberl'd Main. 1,4 0 Braddyell's Hetton.... 17 ~9 Buddle'sWestHartley 17 0 W a ll s E n d Ridd e ll ... 16 60 Holywell Main l6 6 K e ll oe Tanfield Moor l3 6 Hetton Lyons l6 6 Eden Main Carway and Duffryn Heugh Hall l9 0 Malting 22 0 Walls End Gosforth 16 9 ,, Hetton l9 0 South Hetton Cassop Hartlepool South Kelloe Ships at market, 56; sold, 29. Foreign Mail Packet List. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton... —April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles • May 13. Brazil and Cape Verde. by British pao.et May 4. Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena April 23. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Soul hampton April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles April 26. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Scuthampton April 18. Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. , • • • April 26. Ditto, via Marseilles ... April 20. Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseil e 3. Newfoundland May 0. Portugal .... 1 ........ .• • • ..... ......May 4. Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon... ..... . •••• United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet ... April 0 Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton • Ditto, via Cirk Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry... April I West Ccast of Africa, Madeira, and I",neriffe West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico April 13. Bahamas, via New York. Apri Bermuda, ditto May 10. Cuba and Mexico April 23. [ADVERTISEMENT. — Holloway's Pills.—Protectors of Health.—ln the ha n d-to-hand struggle for existence in tile present day good health is everything. Holloway's puri fying, digestive, and gently laxative pills are admirably adapted for restoring soundness to invalids whose func tions are so feebly performed that life itself seems most precarious. The stomach has its many maladies removed by a judicious use of these pills • the torpid liver is roused by them to active secretion, and every other organ sub; serving digestion is placed' at its natural standard and better fitted for its duties. It is impossible to have it doctor at our elbow at all seasons and places, but these pills will supplant that loss, for theyuniversally act ben4" cially in every ailment. Births. REm.—On the 12th inst., at 58, Gloucester-crescent, Hyde' park, the wife of G. J. Graystone Reid, Esq., of a daugh" ter. STALLARD.—On the 12th inst., at 12, Granville-park-ter race, Blackheath, the wife of Frederick Stallard, Esll barrister-at-law, of a daughter. THOMAS.—On the 11th inst., at Cranmers, Mitcham, the wife of Charles Evan Thomas, Esq., of a daughter. Marriages. BORTIIWICK — WINFIELD.--On the 11th inst., at Edinburgh Lieut.-Col. Borthwick, 11.31.'s Indian Army, to Lue9 Elizabeth, only surviving child of John Walter win , field, Esq., of Blaenbloden Cottage, Carmarthenshire. GRIMSHAW—THOMAS.—On the 11th inst., at Newport. DO of Wight, Thomas Wrigley Grimshaw, 31.8., only NO of Wrigley Gritruthaw, Esq., of 13, Molesworth-strec t l Dublin, to Sarah Elizabeth, younger daughter of the Rev. Thomas Felix Thomas, of Broadlands, N e wport, Isle of Wight. . Deaths. BIICRLEY.—On the 12th inst., Abel Buckley, Esq., Alder" dale Lodge, Ashton-under-Lyne, aged 71. ELmsram—On the 12th inst., at Brighton, James Elmslie► Esq., aged 87. GuurvEn.—On the 11th inst., at Warwick, Captain Edsf' Gulliver, R.N., aged 61. HARVEY.—At Anglesey Barracks, Portsea, Henry 004 Harvey, Assist.-Surgeon Ist Battalion 21st Fusilierth aged 29. HALL.—On the 6th inst., at Saffron Walden, Essex, Lieut.' Col. Henry Hall, late of the Madras Army, aged 65. HENDERSON.—On the 10th inst., at Torwoodlee, Torque Rear-Admiral Thomas Henderson, aged 70. LAcoN.—On the 12th inst., at Great Yarmouth, Mortlol4 Lacon, Esq., aged 48. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AN DE rIVP ° of No. 112, Strand, Painter, at THE SUN Office, No ii Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County Middlesex.—Friday, April 11, 1865. . ( rei WI 22 at St DI