The Sun. — London, England, 1865-09-16 00:00:00

(Prom a Correspondent of the Times.) PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 1. Last week the Secretary of the Treasury made up his mind to negotiate an additional loan of $50,000,000, and so informed his loan agents. The report, of course, go out and into the newspapers, and as there was no law authorising any such loan, quite a discussion was caused by it, the consequence of which has been that the secretary has recalled his instructions, and very probably will not negotiate the loan. A proposition that was made to issue $50,000,000 more certificates of indebtedness being also unauthorised met a similar fate, and the im pression daily gains ground that the Secretary will not resort to any illegal loans, but will endeavour to get along with the resources he has until Con gress meets. The Treasury printing-presses are now busily engaged in printing $40,000,000 of compound interest notes, which will provide for the demands of two or three weeks, and as the public debt is just now in quite an anomalous condition, it has been given out that no statement of its amount will be that we must wait un til O ct. 1 to given on Sept. 1 ; hear how much the Government owes. The an nouncement of the proposed new loan of $50,000,000 having turned the attention of finan ciers to the subject, a great many projects are now being broached for getting rid of the debt. Some people wish each class of the debt renewed on the present terms as soon as it becomes due ; others wish all the greenbacks funded in a six per cent. loan; while a third party desires that the entire debt be funded as fast as it becomes due into a long loan at four or five per cent. Of course, these things are mere suggestions, the Secretary of the Treasury having nothing to do with them, and it being highly probable that he has not yet seriously considered the subject. The dis cussions have been considerably mixed up by a de cision just promnlgated by the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, the highest Court in the State, declaring legal tender notes to be unconstitutional. This is the fifth American Court that has given such an opinion, but it will go for nought, as the rulers of the coun try do not now care, and have not for the last four years eared, a fig for the judiciary. Some very interesting financial exhibits have re cently been published. On August 26, there were 1,538 national banks authorised, with a capital of $392,616,338, and a circulation of $175,256,690. The utmost limits of the law is almost reached, and very few more banks can be authorised until Con gress gives additional power. An estimate of the amount of petroleum that will be produced in 1865 places it at 3,500,000 barrels of crude, worth $24,000,000 at the wells, and $60,000,0Q0 after being refined. The amount of internal revenue co' lected in New York city during the year ending the 30th of June last was $27,068,572, the cost of col lecticga. being $258,840. Bu4ness prospects in the North are looking up, and ptparations are being made' for a very brisk fall trade. Cotto4 is quite brisk, nearly :all the New Eiigland millo wners being in the market to purchase. Large amounts of cotton are being ex ported to Europeoand a direct trade between the South and Europe is springing up. The week before last 6,439 cotton bales went from New Orleans, and nearly 3,000 from Mobile direct to Liverpool ; six vessels are now loading at Richmond fora various European ports, and the sugar and tobacco mer chants are receiving large orders from foreign dealers. The President having by proclamation re moved all restrictions on contraband trade with the South after to-day, the Southern trade with Europe will no doubt soon be stimulated to a high degree. Southern planters still complain of the restrictions on the cotton traffic, and a delegation from Alabama called on the President on August 29 to protest against the new restrictions placed by the military officers on the export of cotton. The President at once revoked the orders, telling the delegation they were issued without his sanction, and at the same time stating to them, what was no doubt intended for the people of the entire South, that in case the military stepped aside from their duty to interfere with trade prompt complaint should at once be made to him. From Texas sad complaints of these mili tary restrictions come to us. The condition of affairs is this—a farmar hauls his cotton to a county-scat and sells it to a merchant, but as soon as the mer chant attempts to send it to a seaport, he is stopped by a man who claims to be a special Treasury agent, who declares he must hold possession of the cotton until proof is given that it never belonged to the Confederate authorities. After great trouble and expense the merchant gives the proof, his cotton is released, and itreaches the seaport. There it is again seized by another Treasu ry agent, and when the certi ficates are produced on which the cotton was pre viously released they are pronounced informal and insufficient, and new proof is demanded. The diffi culty of obtaining it is great, and the people who raised the cotton have to be brought from their homes, sometimes hundreds of miles away, for their personal testimony only will satisfy the agent. The difficulties of the cotton trade in the abnormal condition of the South are onerous enough, without having the obstacles created by Treasury agents added to them, and the pressure brought to bear upon the President must soon result in the abolition of every restriction on the trade. The Republican Convention of Pennsylvania having demanded additional " protection;" the iron and steel men of this State have recently met and demanded an additional duty on imported metal, and the repeal of the internal duty on its manufac ture. Although the present duty on imported iron is enormous they say they cannot get along with out an additional tax, and as a proof publish an ex hibit, by which it appears that three-fourths of the Pennsylvania blast furnaces are idle, and many of the others are going out of blast. They will scarcely get their additional protection, for the people are 41ready taxed too heavily, and the free-trade ques tion is being too angrily discussed for men of all parties to any longer unite in increasing the duties on imposts. A strong free -trade feeling is spring ing up in the West, and is earnestly advocated in many quarters on the Atlantic seaboard. The religious war in Missouri between the State Government and the clergy continues unabated, and the Presbyterian clergymen have resolved not to take the test oath prescribed by the new Constitu- tion. The Governor is as determined as ever, and says no clergymen shall preach unless he qualifies, and as nearly every religious denomination, clergy and laity, i s now d rawn up i n oppos i tion to the Governor there will be serious troubl e . It i s s t a t e d that the military commander at St. Louis has ten dered the Governor of the State the use of the troops enf oreetheo o a t th-taking, or to close u p th e churches if it be n country throughout the l ta k k . en. The movements d ing to a reunion of the divided churches, N or Y th o° Bishop n Fl South, continue ; and during next week li d o i tt : , :i o et f .so th u e the G rn eo d ai o a . Episcopal Church, to who m Georgia confer question of ceses have confided the decisi on reunion, will be in New York t o with the leading Episcopalians upon the. subject, Nothing has transpired since I la st wrote with reference to the movements in the Episcopal Church ; but the Presbyterians are having a hot time of it. Some o f the Northern Presbyteries have talked of reunion, and the Presbytery of Lexington, Virginia, the only southern one that has yet assembled, discussed the question, and came to the conclusion, " That it was the duty of the Presbytery to keep itself aloof as far As possible from the corrupted religion of the North." ,rlhe Presbyterians of Central Virginia certainly do i not wish to have any close reiation with their brethren in the Northern States. The Southern Methodists, too, have published an address, in which thcy treat the Northern Church unmercifully. The Democrats of New Jersey held their Conven tion on August 30, and nominated General Runyon for governor. Having taken up a soldier as their candidate, while the Republicans nominated a civilian, and General Runyon having already chal- Inged his opponent to a discussion of political principles, there will no doubt be quite a lively can vass in New Jersey, although the Democrats are sure of electing their candidate. The New Jersey resolutions are similar to those adopted in Maine 'and Pennsylvania, supporting Johnson's policy and , opposing ne gr o su ff rage. Th e po li t i ca l canvass throughout the country does not yet exhibit very great animation, and in Maine, where the election comes off in a week, there is but little excitement. Public demonstrations will probably be to a great extent abandoned this fall, although politics vie with railroad accidents in making up the burden of private conversation. A new speech from Montgomery Blair, in which he handles Seward, Stanton, Chase, and that ilk without gloves, and recommends a general pardon of all the Southern people, has raised some commotion, and provoked bitter comments from the Radicals. It is another wedge added to those already splitting the Republican party into factions. The Radicals are getting frightened at the Con servative drift of the Administration. The Chicago Republican, recently started as the Radical organ in the North-east, is not pleased with the Mississippi Convention, and advises Congress to scrutinise its doings very closely. The fact that the President publicly expressed his approval of the deliberations of the Convention does not abate the Radical ill humour in the slightest. The New York _lndepen dent says Johnson has " disappointed the hopes of the country." The Anti-Slavery Standard is out this week in a general indictment against the President for permitting the Southern Governors to do as they please, in the course of which it says : "Day by day the fruits of our victories are taken from us and handed over to our enemies by a man in whom, as Governor Perry, of South Carolina, says, the South has complete confidence. If the South has, the North certainly has not. is there no remedy for this ? None evidently, unless the House of Representatives has the moral courage to impeach Mr. Johnson before the Senate. The appoint ment of these men and their continuation in office in open defiance of the law of the United States offers a sufficient ground. Then let the house do the work that is before it, and liberate us from Mr. Johnson." Such sentiments as these of course give the feel ing of a very small portion of the North, for at the very time they were uttered a printed call for a pub lic meeting in New York to endorse the President's policy was in circulation. But the President stopped it, saying he highly appreciated the kindness prompt ing the act, but he had grave doubts whether such a movement would do good. The public mind needs to be tranquillised, not excited, and his policy is be ing carried out very successfully, and he certainly acted very wisely in preventing a meeting which would certainly provoke a similar assemblage of RadicaTh to fiercely denounce him. Johnson is not prepared for the split in the Republican party ; he fears the Radical majority in the approaching Con- gress. \ln lowa the Republicans have already divided into factions on the negro suffrage question, and separate tickets are nominated in many counties. The Democratic Convention having declined to nominate candidates, and the anti-suffrage Repub licans having made great overtures for the Demo cratic vote, it is pretty certain that in October the Radicals will be overwhelmingly beaten. Washington is filled with Southerners who have come to petition for pardon, and the President is still at a loss how to dispose of them. He had abandoned the idea of having a bureau of executive pardons, and the result of his indecision is that for over a week scarcely any one has been pardoned. Secretary Seward's circular granting passports to such Southern people as wish to leave the country is considered to be a movement towards the exile of the Southern chiefs. Nothing has yet been done that looks like trying Jefferson Davis or any of the leaders of the rebellion, and though rumours daily come to us that preparations are being made for Mr. Davis's trial no one believes them. The rumours, however, have caused some friends of Mr. Davis in Richmond to start a subscription list to raise money for his defence. A great pressure is being made to procure the release of Alexander B. Stephens from Fort Warren, but thus far has resulted in nothing. The President intends to release R. M. T. Hunter from Fort Pulaski on parole. Albert Pike, of Arkansas, and Judge E. S. Fisher, lately nominated for Governor of Mississippi, have applied for par don, and the report is that the President will grant the application of the latter, thus settling the ques tion that whoever is indicated by the Southern people as their choice for civil office will at once have every disqualification removed. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston is proposed for the office of President of the Richmond and Danville Railroad, a post for which his military and engineering experience fits him in many ways. In various parts of the country indictments for treason have been found against Confederate ofli- I cers, and several have been arrested to answer the charge. The course of the Government is not yet indicated, but as these indictments violate the agree ments on which all these officers gave their paroles it is quite probable the proceedings will soon be stopped. Meanwhile two officers have been arrested in Nashville, a half-dozen in Baltimore, and requisi tions are pending from the Governor of Pennsyl vania to the Governors of Virginia and West Vir ginia for the surrender of Geus. Ewell, Early, and some others for the raids into Chambersburg. A decision on all these questions muse soon be ren dered by the Government law officers or there will be trouble. The trial of Wirtz, the Andersonville gaoler, continues at Washington, the evidence being nothing but a disgusting detail of the sufferings of the Andersonville prisoners. The counsel of Wirtz having twice left the court on account of the over bearing conduct of the military judges, have again consented to defend the prisoner, their bold conduct having taken some of the starch out of the judges. Wirtz has made a strong appeal for pecuniary aid, and a subscription is going around for him in New York. Recently in Nashville two discharged Fede ral officers made a most unprovoked assault upon the Confederate General Wheeler, and the affair coming to the ears of General Thomas, command ing the department, he severely reprimanded the officers for their cowardly behaviour, and told them that had they been still in the service they would have been court-martialed. On August 30, the people of Richmond, Virginia, held a large mass meeting, which was attended by the principal citizens, at which they expressed great indignation at the persistent attempts of a portion of the Northern press to cast suspicion upon their efforts to resume their former friendly relations with the Union, and recommended the people throughout Virginia to hold meetings and pass similar resolu tions. The Virginians have good reason to com plain, for it is part of the Radical scheme of dis- franchising the South to persistently state that they wish to continue the war and keep aloof from the North. That the Southern people hate the North is plain, but nevertheless, under present circumstances, they wish to restore the Union. The first civil court in Central Virginia has just been opened at War renton, but although civil law is making some headway in Virginia, it makes none in North Carolina, where the military officers refuse to give up criminals for trial in civil courts, or to allow Governor Holden more than nominal authority. In South Carolina Governor Perry spends his time in making speeches to tranquillise the people, but he holds only an empty honour. No Roman province was ever more thoroughly garrisoned or despotically ruled by the military than South Carolina is. The planters complain that the negroes will not work, and with most remarkable zeal troops spring up on every side to force the blacks to fulfil their contracts. It is said the havoc of war has reduced the value of property in South Carolina from $400,000,000 to less than $50,000,000. The reports parts foutrages upon negroes continue to o come from all extent Sreopuo are reported r h, e a t though ei edv tl ye l dei dying g are in quite vague and to some Louisiana the negroes the ar are great numbers from absolute inability to procure idea food. In North Carolina the bl ac k s have an that the Government intends to provide them all with farms, and to such an extent bas this belief spread that the Commissioners of the Freedmen's Bureau at Raleigh has been compelled to issue a circular contradicting the report, and live.tel lingthenegroes they must work if they wish to Re cently 900 negroes assembled together near Mobile, and, after lamenting their misfortunes, resolved, having made a practical trial of the freedom the war had brought them, to return one and all to their masters. The English cattle plague is making itself felt in America in a way that gladdens the hearts of the merchants. Orders for 6,000 barrels of beef have been recently sent to America on English account, and orders for still larger amounts are on their THE - - SUN, - LONDON, SATURDAY - EVENING, SEPTEMBER 16, 1865. way. There is also a sharp demand for butter and cheese from the same quarter. A contract has just been signed between the Postmaster-General and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, to carry mails monthly between San Francisco and Hongkong, China, touching at the Sandwich Islands. The company gets 500,000 per annum for 10 years, and are to build for the service four side-wheel steamers of at least 3,500 tons bur den. The first steamer is to sail on or before Jan. 1, 1867. As was expected, Kfuinford, one of the check forgers in New York, has been discharged from custody, because no case can b emade out against him. Young Ketchum is still confined, but as all his forged checks have mysteriously disappeared he must certainly be released in the end, for none can be produced as evidence of his crime. We have very curious law. Some statistics of American manufactures, taken from the census of 1860, have just been published. The New England cotton manufacture is represented by 359 establishments, with $15,147,819 capital, and employing 29,584 male bands and 49,045 females ; the New England woollen manufacture embraces 365 establishments, with $18,077,353 capital, and employing 14,470 male hands and 10,350 females. In 1860, when labour and raw materials were at peace prices, $64,000,000 worth of cotton goods were produced and $39,500,000 worth of woollens. The Yankee clock manufacture in 1860 was of some importance. There were 17 establishments, with a capital of $505,000, and employing 936 hands. $1,085,250 worth of clocks were manufactured, which the Yankees peddled over the entire United States, and probably over the greater part of the rest of the world. There is a report from Hayti that the Revolu tionists are making such great headway that Presi dent Geffrard is making preparations to escape from the country. A steamer from Kingston, Jamaica, has been sent to Port au Prince, to remain there until the President finds it necessary to flee, or until all danger is past. ALPINE TOURISTS. (From the Times' Correspondent) LUCERNE, Sept. 12. I had made a vow in my heart, upon coming to Switzerland, that my journey on the track of those holiday-makers whom I have distinguished by the more ambitious appellation of " Alpine tourists" should be effected with the greatest ease and leisure ; that I should take my cue from that respected divine whose pilgrimages were limited to the " shadow" of Mont Blanc and the Jungfrau ; and that no consideration on earth should induce me to toil up to the top of any hill, high or low. Well, I have broken through my engagement at the very outstart. I had posted my letters before 12 o'clock at noon yesterday ; there was nothing more to do at Lucerne. The heat was intense, so I took boat to Weggis, and went up the Righi. I have climbed up the dear " Cockney mountain" thrice before in my life, and always obeyed the in junctions of guide-books by going up by Airth, Kussnacht, or Goldau, and.coming down by Weggis, because on any of those three sides you are in the shadow of the mountain in the afternoon, and the view is concealed from you till you come to the Righi Staff el, when it breaks upon you all at once in all its unequalled vastness and beauty. But it was already late yesterday ; no other boat served so well, so I crossed over to Weggis. We were a large crew on board ; all nations and ages, both sexes. Half a squadron of mountain nags were in waiting at the landing ; but I threw my bag and wrappers to one of the lads, and took the road on foot to the best of my speed ; not, you may well believe, from any vain desire to make a display of my old legs, but simply with a view to outstrip all the following four footed caravans, so as to secure good quarters for the night at the Righi Kulm. The road winds up through the fields and orchards of the good Weggis villagers, fully as smooth as, and hardly more steep than, the footpath that leads to the Alte Schloss at Baden-Baden. Free competi tion and love of gain have done as much for the Righi as the almighty will of the Third Napoleon has achieved for Paris. At every step on the com fortable ascent you have sign -posts to guide your steps, railings to save you or your steed from a fall down a precipice, sheds and chalets for refuge or re freshment, benches for rest, fruit girls with baskets holding out the temptation of big juiceless pears, stringy plums, and sour grapes; beggars, too, at every turning of the path, infirm old men, blind and crippled, whom the community turn out at this sea son and keep at the tourists' expense—worthy re presentatives of a people who mainly live by the road. Easy and smooth and open, the road winds up from one to the other of those traversal layers of rock, which look like so many rows of grey bricks on this side of the mountain as seen from the lake, but which are, in reality, bold perpendicular cliffs, the ribs of the giant mass. The view on the water, on the bays of Lucerne, of Alpnach, of Kussnacht, of Buochs, and presently of the lake of Zug, changes at every step from lovely to lovelier and loveliest. There was not a breath of air to stir an aspen leaf ; the greenish surface of those lakes looked heavy and compact as lead, and the mountains emerged from the lake one by one, bathing in their thin haze, smok ing and sweating, as it were, in that sulky, sultry atmosphere. It was past 2 o'clock, and the sun smote down upon us from the top of the heavens with a strength against which the few clumps of fir trees afforded but rare, scanty, and precarious relief. The heat was something not to be forgotten in a whole lifetime, and it required little less than a negro's skull or mine to save the brain from melting in that unmi tigated glare. The guide-books allow 3 hours to man or beast for the ascent of the Righi. The time was when I discounted the distances assigned bysuch authorities by at least one-third ; but, alas ! the power to go uphill abates with all of us as we go down in the vale of years, and by the time I came panting to the Kalt-bad Hotel the cracking of the whips be neath announced that the noisy cavalcade in my rear were gaining upon me. Up they came with me just as I had swallowed my thimblefull of kirschwasser on the threshold of that great establishment, and, giving my monkey-boy, Clementz, a hint to hurry forward and bespeak my night -quarters, I was fain to let the riders pass on, and followed with half spent breath, so that I only reached the Kulm at 5, after three hours' march. I do not believe so calm an afternoon, and one so stifling, is to be had on the Righi top twice a-year To say that the air was motionless is the same as to say that the mountains were overcast and the view none of the freest. I had all the time expected no better, and was not disappointed ; nor did I, not withstanding, think, with the many who stood on the green platform straining their eyes for some dis tant mountain top, that the Righi was a " sell," a delusion, and a snare. I had already been thrice on the spot, as I before said, and seen the panorama in all its unclouded glory; but the Righi is the Righi for all that, and the vapours which encompassed us yesterday by no means robbed us of those peculiar charms which set it apart from all other mountains, as it rears itself into air like a great citadel, with a whole string of lakes for a moat at its feet. For a range of about 6,000 feet above those waters the look-out was unimpeded ; and the mountains, al though bathing in those warm vapours, rose all round, distinct and vivid, cutting their dark shadows one upon another in an interminable perspective. On the side of Lucerne, Zug, and Zurich, the atmos phere was free ; the lower lands stretched broad and level before us, the map of half Switzerland ; and the eye revelled in that expanse of green streaked here and there by the silvery watercourses, and dotted with the glittering white abodes of men in single lh dwellings and i n c l usters, in the consciousness that nothing half as hi g h as the watch-tower on which AT stood intervened time betweenen a wwomen,n usaend, horses and tlieNorthYOle guides,All this were coming up the steep in a perpetual stream. The tourists threw themselves down from their hard saddles, and , trudged up to join us, all agog with expectation, cursing the hard fate which had de layed them on the road, and robbed them of the great treat of the expedition—th e view of the set ting sun ; and the sun was setting, calm, and un concerned, heedless of all that garrulous impatience, a sun blurred all over with russet vapours, a tem- pered yet Alorious blaze of prismatic colours, which would h e driven a Turner to frenzy. In eanwhile not a few of our feilow-tourists stood with their backs upon the long-coveted sight, the like`Of which, they observed, they could have in England six days out of the seven ; they stood Nig gling and chaffering for the horn paper-cutters, nut crackers, and other mountain ware there exhibited for sale, or descanted with great glee on the skill with which:they had " done" their guides by waiting to bargain for horses till they were on board the boat, by which clever manoeuvre they had had their nags two francs cheaper than if they had hired them from them. By this 7 o'clock struck, the bell sum moned the weary and hungry to their evening meal —a dinner to the English, a supper for the Germans —the flag was furled, and the Righi put on his nightcap. There was, certainly, no better chance of a sun rise than we had had of a sunset, and it was only with misgiving that we waited in our beds for the Alpine horn that was to summon us to do obeisance to the sullen orb of day. Still we all waited for that horn with fitful slumbers, and I confess to having been twice and three times aroused with a sudden start, thinking that I was awakened by the sonorous notes of that most lugubrious of wind in struments, when the disturbance was only caused by the deep snore of my neighbours in the adjoining apartment. At last it was light, a pale, grey, troubled light, and the horn gave the signal. The summons was intended for us, and for the sun like wise, but one of the parties alone was faithful to the tryst. The sun had a hard fight of it with the mists of the Sentis and Allmann of Appenzell ; and although he actually broke through the clouds and showed his face, yet his victory was only temporary and incomplete, and before the latest sluggards had come to muster the powers of darkness had it all their own way. Here the grumbling of the half-awake, discon- ,ented crew began to rise high, and the Righi was voted little better than an old cheat and humbug. There were those, indeed, who sought consolation in the fact that they had predicted it would be as it turned out ; others who boldly asserted that it was always so—the sky always a mass of cloud, the earth always a mass of gloom, as we saw them to day; but the latter were evidently people not apt to look upon the bright side of things. A more sanguine philosopher, one more inclined to take the world as it comes, I heard holding forth in the midst of a group of young English, some who had been loudest in their vituperation of all mountain delights. The orator was a German, to judge by his accent, but he spoke English with singular fluency, and was listened to with a curiosity which soon ripened into deference. " Sunshine," he mid, "Is not the only in teresting feature of mountain scenery, nor is vastness of panorama the most pleasing of objects. Is there not an unspeakable charm in those dark phantom clouds so slowly, so ominously flitting on the moun tain range around ? Can anything be more beauti ful than that thin, slowly-waning haze that hangs so lovingly over the lakes ? See, although hardly a breath of wind blows, although all is apparently so still and lifeless, the landscape around us is per petually changing. The white veil that is gradually being lifted from the waters of Zug deepens rapidly on the waters of Lowertz. The curtain of clouds that wraps the sun as it rises in the east .is breaking asunder over the Oberland chain in the west. See, now, even while lam speaking, and as if I had cast a spell on the elements—see the Gletacherhorn, the Eiger, the Monch, and presently the Jungfrau, the Schreckhorn, the Wetterhorn, the Finsteraarhorn—those peaks of darkness, of terror, and storm—lift up their hoary heads above the gloom ; those heads made higher before our eyes by the eclipse of the minor hills, which are as a flight of steps up to them ; those heads, the ruddy tints on whose glaciers look all the more bewitching as the sun which smiles upon them is invisible to us. Mountain panoramas, indeed I tell you, you have only to imagine all those cloudy masses that take such fanciful ships on the horizon about us to be actual mountains, and here you have before you as grand a Righi as any of the travellers most favoured by the weather ever beheld; and I tell you the sea of white fleecy mist under which the gleaming lakes play at bide and seek is fully as fascinating to the eye as the lakes themselves would be if all the glare of the noontide sun showed every inch of the land scape that mirrors itself on their surface." I do not know to what extent the listeners to this sermon found balm in it to soothe their disappoint ment. All I know is that the clouds and mists to which the orator had so forcibly referred gained ground upon us till the surrounding world seemed all of the same dull grey colour. Fear of rain and weariness of the scene advised a speedy retreat. I took my, ay down the steep, followed by my faith ful mountain lad. We scampered down from the Kuhn to the landing-place at Weggis in something short of an hour, and even ventured upon a race with the eight o'clock steamer, by which .1 hoped to reach Lucerne a full hour before any of my fellow travellers. We lost the race by about five minutes, however, and I had to wait on the Weggis pier for the half-past nine boat. I profited by the delay to bathe in the waters of the Vierwaldstatter See— those waters as cool as April rain, as soft as Genoa velvet. By the time I was out of the waters the flock of tourists had come down in small parties. The steamer hove in sight ; we came across in half an hour, and here I am. Stalking a Deer. In the new number of the North British Review is an article on. Highland sport, suggested by Mr. Russell's work on the Salmon—a work, as the re viewer says, " full of spirit and life "—the following extract is given from the private journal of a sports man, " who has stalked and shot more deer than most in Scotland, and who thinks no more of the public when he is writing his memorandum of his day's sport than when he is creeping to his stag." The date is the 19th September : " I started, at ten, and looked the whole Glut Forest to the headOtk : lunched at 1.30 in th e Gl u t W a t er h a lf a mile abo lenmore (lunch, tho heel of a loaf and some wealebran dy and water, followed by the never-failing des sert, a pipe); we then crossed the flow in for the head of Glenbaun, and on to the Cromalt burns, which.we looked and double looked, but in vain—then had another nip of B. and W. and another pipe, and a long look at the country in general, and Orkney in particular, where we could dis tinctly see the waves breaking upon Hoy (it was very clear), then up and off home, via Glenbaun, Liavid, &c. ; when we got near Liavid burn (downwind, could not help it) we noticed two or three ravens working pretty high up the burn I Ayala. the aorta wmnesday through the assistance of the ravens, I have a sort of respect for them ; in fact, they seem to follow me, and to-day I may say they found for me a living stag)—at same moment got a very fresh track going up the burn ; next moment saw a whole flight of ravens get up off something, so I went up the burn to see, still getting the fresh track. Robert at once said, A deer has just got our wind, Sir, and gone up the burn and put up the ravens (and he was right), so I went cautiously up the burn, looking very sharp. Pre sently we came to au old dead sheep ; I said, This is all, Bob." No, Sir,' said he 'go on, I am sure a deer is on before us,' so we went on about 200 yards, when Robert, who was close to me, touched me, and pointed silently, and by Jove ! there were a pair of horns lying in some deep heather, about 80 or 90 yards from me ! I down at once and proceeded to creep in, knowing very well his head would be sure to be looking down the burn. After creep ing a while I raised myself a little to get his horns again, to make sure of my cover; and as I was creeping on very gently (for now I was only about 50 or 60 yards from him), from some cause or other which I can't make out, up he got and cantered up the burn end on,' and up got I, cocked, and shot him dead—at any rate he came down on his nose, and could not rise—with the first barrel ; then in I ran, but he was so violent, kicking and tearing, that I did not dare to go near him. lie then struggled till he fell over a bank into the burn, and 1 let him have his own way for a minute ; then when ho was lying a little quiet, I saw the main jugular throbbing, so I made a rapid plunge at it with my knife, and ran out of the way ; however, the deed was done, and he fairly pumped the blood out of his body, and made the little burn red, till at last nature had to give way, and he died, but not before he had wriggled and struggled about 20 yards down the channel of the burn from the place where he first fell. We then grealloched him, and covered him up in a bank with heather, and went home, arriving at 7 p.m., very delighted and very hungry, so I enjoyed my dinner, consisting of soup made from his predecessor (the stag of last Wednesday), &c.. Now, for the cause of all this struggling and kicking and subse quent death: the little leaden messenger had gone right along his back, cutting the hair in a line exactly parallel to, and about one inch from the black line of his back, and then through the neck, touching, but not breaking the bone. Perhaps a learned physician would call it an abrasion, and subsequent concussion of the cervical verte brae of the spine." Naval and Military Intelligence. VALETTA, Sept. 11.—Her Majesty's screw gun vessel Surprise, 4, Commander G. Tryon, arrived on the Ist inst. from Genoa, and the Tyrian, gun boat, Lieut.-Commander Selby, on the 6th, from Genoa and Castellamare. The report that the for mer vessel had received her orders for England was unfounded, but she is in daily expectation of having them. The Firefly, surveying -vessel, Commander G. R. Wilkinson, was at Trapani (Sicily) on the 31st of August, about to proceed to Mazzara ; all well. Her Majesty's screw corvette Racer, 11, Commander L. Brine, left Malta on the morning of the 9th inst. for Leghorn, with despatches for the Commander-in-Chief, and a mail for the squadron. Her Majesty's screw frigate Achilles, Capt. Van sittart, forming one of the Channel fleet which sailed from Portsmouth on the 12th inst., having been separated from them on Wednesday in a fog which prevailed the entire day, brought up in the anchorage without Falmouth harbour, and remained on Thursday. The squadron of iron mortar-boats built during the Russian war, and since laid up at the eastern end of Chatham dockyard, where they have been lying for some years high and dry, and under cover, are gradually being brought into use for habour duty, several of the - number having already been appropriated for various purposes. An order from the Admiralty yesterday directs another of the mortar boats to be converted into a dredging vessel for deepening the river at the entrance to Chatham harbour, and preventing the accumulation of shoals. Mr. F. Martin, assistant master shipwright at Sheerness dockyard, who has been for some time past employed on the special service of the Admi ralty in superintending the construction of the fleet of iron troopships building for the Government at various private establishments, has received orders to return to Sheerness Dockyard, where he will per form the duties connected with the master ship wright's department during the illness of Mr. W. Moody. The floating battery Thunderbolt, 16, 200-horse power, which ever since the close of the Russian War has been lying in the Medway, attached to the Chatham Steam Reserve squadron, has been re moved into the steam basin preparatory to being taken into the dock for the purpose of being paid over with a coating of the Hay composition, which is also to be applied to the iron paddle-wheel steamer Recruit, 6, 160-horse power. A court-martial was held on board her Majesty's ship Royal Adelaide, in Hamoaze, yesterday morn ing, on Lieut. Henry Samuel Hamilton, on the fol lowing charges :—First, for that he, the said Lieut. H. S. Hamilton, being in actual service and full pay in her Majesty's fleet, and borne on the books of her Majesty's ship Indus for service in the sail ing reserve, did, on the 28th of August, disobey the lawful command of Commander Edwin C. Symons, his superior officer, by refusing to board her Ma jesty's ship Lord Clyde, at 10 o'clock in the even ing, he being officer of the guard, and having been previously ordered to do so ; and, secondly, for that he, the said Henry S. Hamilton, being in actual ' service and full pay, and borne on the books of her Majesty's ship Indus for service in the sailing re ' serve, on the 28th of August, at 10 o'clock in even ing, was drunk on board the said ship. The pri soner produced several certificates of character, and pleaded " guilty," when the Court, after a short adjournment, sentenced him to be dismissed from her Majesty's service. The Court consisted of Capt. Thomas H. Mason, Canopus ; Capt. G. Lee Geyt Bowyear, Revenge ; Capt. S. S. L. Crofton, Satellite ; Capt. E. K. Barnard, Constance ; and Capt. F. S. Tremlett, Impregnable ; Mr. Silas Weymouth 'officiating as judge advocate. An order was received at Chatham garrison yes terday from the Horse Guards stating that no troops will be sent to the Mediterranean until January next, in consequence of the cholera raging at the present time. In consequence of the Chatham division of Royal Marines Light Infantry being between 300 and 400 below its proper strength, the recruiting for that branch of the service is being now actively pro ceeded with at the various out-ports, but the arrival of recruits at headquarters is only at the rate of about 20 a week. Major C. Pasley, Royal Engineers, who has been appointed Chief Superintendent and Director of Admiralty works at Chatham Dockyard, will com mence his duties at that establishment on the Ist of October. The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—Capt. W. N. W. Hewett to the Basilisk, commissioned ; Lieut. C. R. C. Hamilton to the Basilisk ; Lieut. P. E. Luard to the Welles ley ; Lieut. J. E. S. Clarke to the Hector ; Staff Commander E. C. T. Youel, in command of the Industry ; B. S. lackson, master, to the Greyhound; W. G. Atkinson, master, to the Basilisk ; and G. M. Jackson, clerk, to the Royal Adelaide, as supernu merary. Vacancies, Promotions, and Appointments, (From the Civil Service Gazette.) AUDIT OFFICE.—Mr. Frederick de Mussenden Loathes has been promoted to the class of senior examiners, in the room of Mr. Soady, promoted to be an inspector. Mr. John Samuel Tate has been appointed a junior examiner, vice Loathes, promoted. Mr. R. A. Hoblyn has been appointed a junior examiner. OFFICE OF Wouxs.—Mr. R. U. Evens has been appointed to a clerkship. THE ADMIRALTY.—Mr. G. W. Godfrey has been appointed to a clerkship, Somerset House. THE POST-OFFICE.--Mr. C. D. Style has been appointed to be postmaster at Hastings. Mr. W. Anderson has been appointed a temporary clerk in the Savings Banks, London. Mr. Collinson has been promoted from the second to the first class of clerks in the circulation department, London. Mr. Vaughan has been promoted from the third to the second class of clerks in the circulation department, London. CUSTOMS.-Mr. John Shierson has been appointed an outdoor officer, Dublin. Mr. James Turner, collector, Lynn, has been promoted to be collector, &c., Falmouth, in the room of Mr. Hughes, who has been appointed inspec tor in the General Register and Record Office of Seamen, a department of the Board of Trade. Mr. Joseph Barrett, collector, Galway, has been promoted to be collector, Lynn. Mr. John Cronin, collector, Carnarvon, has been promoted to be collector, Galway. Mr. Thomas Cumming, collector, Maldon, • has been promoted to be collector, Oarnarvon. Mr. William Smith has been promoted from the fifth to the fourth class of outdoor officers, Shields. INLAND MrVar , r l J.E.-BTAnrr AND TAX BRANCH.—.SI.r. E. W. Kelly has been appointed a clerk in the Income Tax office, Dublin. Mr. Ralph Compton has been appointed surveyor at Newbury, vice A. B. Keen, deceased. Mr. F. Borckhardt has been appointed a surveyor of the fifth class, unattached. EXCISE BRANCH. -Mr. John Russell, second clerk, Glas gow collection, has been appointed first clerk, Glasgow col lection. Mr. James Latta, third clerk, Glasgow collection, has been appointed second clerk, Glasgow collection. Mr. Thomas Hurst, second clerk, Reading collection, has been appointed officer of Lydney ride, Cardiff collection. Mr. J. Kenyon, officer„ Queensferry, 3d division, Linlithgow col lection, has been appointed officer of Glasgow, 13th division, Glasgow collection. Mr. W. Hopkkins, officer, Queensferry, Ist division, Linlithgow collection, has been appointed offi cer of Queensferry, 3d division, Linlithgow collection. Mr. Roderick Matheson, officer, Drumnadrochit, preventive station, Inverness collection, has beeniappointed officer of Queensferry, Ist division, Linlithgow collection. Mr. Win. Brown,• officer, Oswestry, 2d ride,Welshpool collection, has been appointed officer of Rugoly ride, Stafford collection. Mr. Wm. Merrett, second clerk, Waterford collection, has been appointed officer of Oswestry, 2d ride, Welshpool col lection. Mr. Thomas Wm. Davies, officer, Conway, Ist ride, Carnarvon collection, has been appointed officer of Carnal.- von collection. IRELAND.-Mr. H. L. Jephsou has been appointed to a clerkship in the Chief Secretary's Office, Dublin Castle. Mr. T. A. Mooney has been appointed an extra clerk in the Poor-law Commission Office, Dublin. THE EAST INDIES.-Mr. S. Bellairs has been appointed to act as rrofessor of English literature in the Poona College. Mr. W. H. Smith has been appointed head-master of the High School, and principal of the Provincial College at Ahmedabad. Rev. J. Paton has been appointed an assistant chaplain of the Church of Scotland, in the Bombay Presi dency. Mr. E. P. Down has been appointed judge and ses sions judge of Khandeish, continuing to act as collector of Tanna. Capt. A. Henley, military secretary, has been ap pointed private secretary to the Governor of Madras. Mr. G. Banbury, sub-collector and joint magistrate of the Madras district, has been appointed to act as collector and magistrate of the South Arcot, during the absence of Mr. Reed on leave. Mr. A. I'Callum Webster, head-assistant to the col lector and magistrate of South Canara, has been appointed to act as sub-collector and joint magistrate of the Madras district. Mr. C. A. Galton has been appointed assistant to the collector and magistrate of the Tanjore district. SPIRIT OF THE PIII3LIO JOURNALS. TlMES.—There may be countries in the world which have as many and as complicated relations with other States as England, but assuredly :there is no one which knows so little about them. We are perpetually making the discovery that we have been pursuing a course of policy of which we have never heard, and that we have changed it in the most un accountable manner, without being in the least aware that we have changed it at all. We are con tinually at war with all sorts of petty potentates, we are allies of Sovereigns whose names we do not know, and exercise a tremendous influence over the destinies of States which we cannot find in the map. At last, and in some very disagreeable manner, we awake to the consciousness of our own doings and responsibilities. We find ourselves involved in a quarrel ; we ask what it is all about ; papers are moved for, and a luminous explanation is made by the representatives of the Foreign-office in Parlia ment. We are content, and suppose we have got to the bottom of the whole affair, when some one, with no interest " to make things pleasant," steps forward and enlightens the English nation as to what it has been doing in some remote region for the last . 20 years. We are astonished at our own activity, and very often not a little at our own folly. We find that we have been meddling with all sorts of things with which we have no business, and are deeply involved in interests which nobody, with the utmost stretch of ingenuity, can indentify with our own. It is but 10 years since there fell out a great dispute between two sects of Christians as to the right to possess the key of a certain church at Beth lehem. The result was the terrible war of the Crimea, the loss probably, in one way or another, of the lives of some half million of human beings, the de struction of the whole live stock of Southern Rus sia, and the almost entire desolation which seems to have fallen upon the Crimea herself. Of our selves, who had to bear in purse or in person the burden of this war, how many had ever heard of the church at Bethlehem, of its key, or of its sex ton ? And of those who had heard, how many cared whether the key was in the possession of the Latins or the Greeks? We have lately had a somewwhat similar incident. We find, to our astonishment, that the English Consul in Abyssinia, where not one of us in a thousand knew we had any Consul at all, has been thrown into prison by the Emperor, and detained under circumstances of the utmost hard ship and indignity. The Foreign-office is asked what it all means, and we are told that it is the Consul's own fault--that he disobeyed his instruc tions, and mixed himself up in the politics of a co en try with which he had no concern, and that he is therefore only expiating in imprisonment his own indiscretion. Abyssinia has no frontier to the sea ; it is entirely beyond our reach by land, and what ever insults King Theodore may choose to put upon our Consul we have no means of avenging. It was, therefore, very comfortable to know that it was all his own fault and not ours, and we have reconciled ourselves to the infliction with that sort of equani mity with which people usually support the inevit able misfortunes that may fall upon their neighbours. We send an emissary to try and redeem Mr. Cameron from activity, and await the event m tranquillity, with no very strong conviction of the wisdom of sending a British Consul to a country whfife, what ever he the treatment he may sustain, it isimpos sible for us to protect him. We have, 'however, the satisfaction of thinking that his misfortunes are of his own seeking. Unhappily, Dr. Beke did not allow us to continue in this tranquil and self-satis fied state of mind. In a letter, the facts of which may, we believe, be implicitly relied on, he tells us that the arrest of Consul Cameron was not in any degree his own fault, but arose from the change in the policy of the British Government with regard to Abyssinia. As nobody knew what the policy of the British Government with regard to Abyssinia was, it was not very likely that we should know what the change in that policy has been, and the revelation of Dr. Beke, therefore, comes upon us with double piquancy. It appears, then, that our policy towards Abyssinia has been to countenance her in her struggle to maintain her independence against the Turks, who, though, nominally at least, the conquerors of Egypt and Arabia, have never been able to conquer this remote province inha bited by a people hostile to Islamism, possessing a degraded form of Christianity. In 1849 we appear to have executed a treaty with the then Sovereign of Abyssinia, and by this means to have recognised him as an independent potentate, and to have nega tived the claim of Turkey, thus supporting Abyssinia against Turkey much in the same way as a few years later we supported Turkey herself against Russia. Dr. Gobat, the bishop of that see of Jerusalem, which in an hour of singular unwisdom we founded in the dominions of another sovereign, with the assistance of our good friend and dear ally, the King of Prussia, went, it appears, on a missionary tour into Abyssinia before he was made bishop, in 1846, and the Abyssinian pilgrims to Jerusalem, who appeared to be very enthusiastic, and actuated by the grossest superstition, were placed under the spiritual care of this Prusso-Anglican prelate. Of course, like most bishops of the English Church in foreign parts, Dr. Gobat soon found his way back to London, and induced the then Government—we know not whether that of Lord Derby or of Lord Russell, for the affair took place in 1852—t0 send instructions to our Consul at Jerusalem to use his good offices on behalf of the Abyssinian inhabitants in that city, so as to protect them against the Turks or any one else, and this protectorate lasted for ten years. The Copts and Armenians in Jerusalem kept up a constant annoyance of the Abyssinians, and, finally, taking an unhandsome advantage of the fact that all the Abyssinian monks had died of the plague, destroyed their title-deeds, took possession of their convent, and sold it to the Russians for 60,000 roubles, as it would seem, with the approval of the Turkish authorities. The Emperor Theodore retaliated for these injuries by illtreating the Coptic Patriarch. The Abyssinians were expelled from Jerusalem, the British Consul declining to interfere on their behalf, on the ground that they were Turkish subjects, and arrived in a state of destitution and misery at their native country, much to the in dignation of the Emperor. It appears, also, that we agreed in the treaty of 1849 to keep open the avenues of approach betwixt the sea coast and Abyssinia, whereas we have consented to the acquisition by Egypt from Turkey of the territory of Massowah, which is the only access from Abyssinia to the sea. We are informed that the Emperor Theodore held Consul Cameron as a hostage for our recognition of the independence of Abyssinia in accordance with our treaty ° of 1849, for the repression of Egyptian outrage along the frontier, for the restitution of the Abyssinian church and convent at Jerusalem, and probably for the re-opening of the communication with the sea by Massowah. It thus seems that this savage potentate, whom we appear to have no means whatever of coercing, but to whom we have intrusted the safety of o n e o f ou r diplomatic repre sentatives, and so far, therefore, the honour of the country, held our consul in durance as a hostage for the execution of a number of duties not one o. which legitimately belongs to us, but which we have in a spirit of meddling and mischief-making which we lack words strong enough to condemn, either actually undertaken, or led him to suppose we had undertaken, without the slightest hope of any return for these numerous and burdensome obligations. What is Abyssinia to us, or we to Abyssinia ? What does it signify to England whether it be in dependent or not? What does it matter whether its access to the sea be in the hands of the Turks or the Egyptians ? What is it to us whether the Emperor of Abyssinia plunders and imprisons the Coptic Patriarch when he is foolish enough to put himself into his power, or whether the Copts and Armenians unite to plunder the Abyssinian con vent and the Abyssinian people resident in the Turkish town of Jerusalem ? What have we to do with the border quarrels of Egypt and Abyssinia? And, last, though certainly not least, what business have we to found Anglican or Prussian bishoprics, with territorial jurisdiction, within the Turkish Empire, to involve us in the miserabl e quarre l s of barbarous and ferocious sectaries ? It was at Bethlehem that the seeds of the Crimean War were sown ; it is in Jerusalem that we must look, and not -in Gondah, for the causes of the misfortunes which have overtaken Consul Cameron, and the gross insult that has been offered to ourselves. Oh, that we could only learn to mind our own business !—that some power would arise strong enough to keep our Foreign-office from in volving us without our knowledge in all kinds of burdensome duties and obligations, and, after having got us into trouble with one class of persons by making these promises, from getting us into trouble with another class of persons by violating them ! We are overladen with dominions in all quarters of the world, which drain our resources without con tributing to our strength, and, as if this were not enough, we thrust ourselves into the quarrels of semi-barbarous states, and make for ourselves new difficulties, in addition to those that our forefathers have bequeathed to us. We demand that the policy of England shall be for the interest of England, and that neither our lives, our honour, nor our money shall be expended in quarrels in which there is doubtless a right and a wrong, a just and an unjust, but in which as regards England there is not the slightest semblance of expediency. POST.—The long expected proclamation o f th e Emperor of Austria, convoking the Transylvanian Diet for the 19th of November, has appeared. It may be taken for a greater concession in realitythan it stands for in terms. The Empero r h ere announces his intention to re-establish the constitutional insti tutions of the eastern half of his empi re as f ar as is consistent with the Imperial diplom a o f th e 20th of October, 1860. Technically, therefore, in order to ascertain the scope of jurisdiction which the Emperor proposes to assign to the constitutional bodies of Hungary and Transylvania, it is necessary to observe what the limitations of the diploma of 1860 amount to. This state paper forms an extension of a decree of the sth of March in the same year, which origi nally constituted the Reichsrath as a Parliament for the whole empire. The diploma of the 20th of Oc tober was issued to define the relative powers of the Diets and Provincial Councils on the one hand and of the Reichsrath on the other. The terms of the ar rangement amounted pretty much to this, that the Reichsrath was to assume the whole authority in matters of Imperial magnitude, or in such as gene rally affected the whole empire ; and that the Diets were to legislate only in purely internal, and in many cases in merely local affairs. By the diploma of the 20th of October, 1860, therefore, the maintenance and pre-eminence of the Reichsrath were distinctly provided for. Now it happens that this is, after all, the main point of controversy between the Hunga rians and the Austrians. The former are sure of having their Diet in some shape ; and the question of their union with Transylvania is very secondary in their eyes to that of maintaining the supremacy of their own Parliament as the only Legislature for their country. The present declaration of the Em peror of Austria, therefore, strictly goes only to the length of restraining the Sclavonic and Magyar na tions from the one principal boon for which they have all along been contending. Whether Hungary and Transylvania are henceforth to be united, or to be divided, their paramount claim is that their Diets shall be supreme, and not merely electoral Cham bers tributary and contributory of the Reichsrath. But it is the latter condition which the Imperial diploma of 1860 assigns to them; and it is this diploma which is put forth in the present proclama tion of the Emperor of Austria as a basis of the con vocation of the Transylvanian Diet. There can be no denying that if this position is to be rigorously insisted upon, it will be found to provoke very grave difficulties. But we may reasonably entertain some doubt whether such a course will be taken by the Austrian Government. Their declaration reads very much like a compromise between pride and policy. To come to a direct capitulation as between equals is evidently not the wish of the House of Hapsburg. It is very likely that they desire to concede, without conceding in actual terms, in dealing as between sovereign and subject. There has been a general impression throughout the Austrian Empire that the Government had resolved at all events to con strue the diploma of 1860 with great laxity. Very possibly they may wish to allow it quietly to die out without formally pronouncing it defunct. After nearly five years of warring with both their eastern and Italian provinces on this very point, it would be hardly conceivable that, under colour of a compro mise, they should be again making strenuous efforts to establish it. Moreover, the Emperor has just summoned Hungarian statesmen to the administra tion of Hungarian affairs. The present proclama tion bears the memorable signature of Teleki, a name that was foremost among that powerful family in the revolutionary movement of 1848-. We may, thereforefore, take it for granted that the children who would not be schooled are about to be indulged, and that the Hungarian and Transylvanian Diet of Diets will before long be re-established in much of their original authority. The Transylvanian Diet is, however, now summoned for a special object. It is to be called upon to determine upon the law of 1848 relative to the union of Hungary with itself. The elections are to take place at once, the Diet being fixed to assemble in two months' time. The statement in the Emperor's proclamation, that the elections are to take place according to the old law of 1791, in reality refers only to the method of poll ing and conducting the elections on the part of the bureaucracy .of the Transylvanian principality. On the all-important question of the suffrage an immense change has been effected by the present decree. It is one, perhaps, which some of our constitution mongers may look at with some curiosity, although it would be strange indeed if English reformers were to take their ideas from the Chateau of Laxenburg. The present decree, however, assigns the qualifica tion for the franchise to every taxpayer direct to the extent of eight florins (Austrian), or 16s. a year. It does not distinctly appear from the wording of the decree, which is in other respects somewhat obscure, whether this is the only qualification to be observed for the future or not. But the regu lation will in itself secure a tolerably free Diet, and will insure the representation of nearly all classes, under the present taxation adopted i n the Austrian empire, who have any appreciable stake in the principality. In regard to what is really for the interest of Transylvania, as to union with or separation from Hungary for the future, there is much to be said on both sides ; though it must be acknowledged that the arguments are, on the whole, in favour of union. In an extremely remote corner of Europe, with Southern Russia, Moldo-W al lachia, and Gallicia around her on the east, Trail= sylvania stands in urgent need of all communication she can have with Western Europe. This she can only acquire to any extent by means of a complete legislative and social fusion with Hungary. On the other hand, there is no doubt that many of her laws and traditions are so p ecu li ar , an d h er habit of distinct government so long formed, that it is not doing any great violence to the daily life of the people if they continue under a separate Diet and Administration. Howeve r , thi s i s a ques ti on w hich the Transylvanians- have been summoned to decide for themselves ; and we may leave them to be the best judges of their own interests. COUNTRY MARKETS LIVERPOOL. —FRIDAY. At this day's market there was a fair attendance of the town and country trade, and rather more business was done than of late. Wheat met with a better demand for con sumption than of late at Tuesday's rates. Flour were saleable at late rates. Oats and oatmeal neglected, and is per load lower. Barley, beans, and peas had no change• Indian corn attracted more attention, and improved 3(1 per qr. DERBY-FRIDAY. Our market to-day was fairly supplied with wheat Trade dull, old sorts is and now is to 2s per qr. lower. Barley about the usual supply, and changed hands at re cent currencies. Oats fully maintained their value. Bea n° sold at former quotations. New white wheat, 44s to 49s Od ; red, 40s to 44s per 3 6 stone. Barley for malting, 34s to 36s per qr. ; grinding' 27s to 28s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 21s to 25s ; old, 270 to 31s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 46s to 50s; new, 43s to 463 per 38 stone. S TAME ORD.-FRIDAY. There was a liberal show of wheat, but the trade wao languid at is to 2s per qr lower. Barley unchanged, with a firm demand. Oats made extreme currencies. Old white wheat, 47s to 508 ; new do., 44s to 49s per 3 6 stone. Barley, malting, 338 to 345; grinding, 26s to 280 per qr. Oats, new, 22s to .268 ; old, 24 s to 28per 24 stone Beans, 43s to 48s per 38 stone. Peas as of late. WAKEFIELD.—FRIDAY At to-day's market old wheat met a, limited demand, and the sales mode at rather lower prices, New still declino o in value. New b ar l ey i s to 2s per qr. lower. Beans are is per qr. cheaper. Other articles unaltered. Averages, Sept. 11—Wheat, 1,495 qrs, at 46s lid' barley, 140, at 33s 4,d ; oats, 100, at 26s Od. LINO OLN.—FRLDAY. 56 New white wheat, 42s to 468 ; new red, 88s to 41s pe_r stone. Barley for malting, 37s to Ms per qr ; grind-oar 83s to Ms per 30 stone. Oats, 20s to 28s. Beans, 4 2 s v° 52s per qr. BRISTOL SUGAR.—FRIDAY. The demand is good, and a fair amount of business 10 been done at vory full rates. Refined sells steadily, but JA advance has taken place. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. cl• s. d. Caradoc 2O 6 Whamcliffe Hetton Lyons l9 0 Byass's Bebside West 3 Eden Main South Hetton Hetton 2l 0 Walker Primrose...... 13 Wylam l6 0 Ships at market, 35 ; sold, 7. —.Ol Births. EARLS.--On the 80th ult., at Montreal, Canada, the I f : of Lieut.-Colonel William Earle, Grenadier Guards, ° daughter. HOLLAND.—On the 14th inst., at 65, Porehester-ter r4c9 ' Hyde-park, the wife of Wm. J. Holland, of a son. ...d e NEPEAN.—On the 13th inst., at Mitcham-common, the of Evan Colville Nepean, Esq., of a son. VERNON.—On the-12th inst., at H an b ury H a ll, Virorcestet‘ shire, the Lady Georgina Vernon, of a son. Marriages :ta ry KENNELLY—VIVIAN.—On the 14th inst., at the , 3 : 3 1 ; e - 1111 Chapel, Newbridge, county Kildare, D. J• Esq., F.R.A.S., late of H.M.B.M , to Charlotte Cati' e only daughter of Major It. Vivian. itr i g h • REYNOLDS—DAVIDSON.-0 11 the 14th inst., at Hove, " -- egSt ton, Robert Barclay Reynolds, Esq., to Evelyn PVT, daughter of John Davidson, Esq ate Captain H• Life Guards. ALLEN. —On. th e 14th Up per insDt„eaattlhos: AL se I , Spi : ing -51.e " ' Edward Richard Allan, aged 37. k If Goppv.:—On the 13th i ns t., at 1, Grovo-placo, lisc- James Godby, Esq., aged 62. Ge e r HODGKINSON.-0n the 14th inst., a t Southseth ° r ' Hodgkinson, Esq., of 29, York-terrace, Rogent'S-P3 aged 68. ~ q tOnj RICHARDS.—On the 14th inst at his residence, Edgt, z a William Westley Richards , Esq., of B . minghaz il i - ' e ' l. 76. , a- Sll THOMPSON.—On the 12th inst., at Harrogate, ver. n i t ole, denly, Thomas Thompson, Esq., of Cliff House, Ja- e Yorkshire, and of Kingston-upon-Hull, aged _...---- London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AND of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Du Sur; Office , 1 1 10. tv of Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy. in the CO.' Middleaex,..-Saturday, September 16, 1t416.