The Sun. — London, England, 1866-08-30 00:00:00

TI-in SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST SO, 1866. THE FIELD OF KONIGGRATZ. (From the Times Special Correspondent.) PARDUBITZ, Aug. 23 . _ Since my last letter posted here I have made a journey to Koniggratz, and gone over the battle field in company with your Military Correspondent, who saw it from the other side, and was with Prince Frederick Charles in the advance from Dub and the attack on Sadowa. Pardubitz is a curious old walled town of more interest and antiquity than many which are mentioned in the English handbooks, and it was also the head-quarters of the Vienna fox, hunters, their " Melton," where they kept a capital pack, and on their English hunters enjoyed many a good run over a fine country, with plenty of water leaps and stiff " obstacles." Near it is a fine old castle, perched on a rock rising out of the plain, which was sacked by Ziska, but still contains some curious paintings, of greater antiquity than merit, it is said ; and hither, in happier days, Pardubitzers repaired to enjoy the view and coffee and cigars at the rural restaurant on the top. Probably the Prussian element in the landscape is too much pro nounced at present. Certainly, Pardubitz has no reason to feel neglected, for the place has all the appearance of being a favourite residence of the conquerors. They mount guard at the Austrian guard-house, at the gates, the railways and all the buildings, look out of all the windows, crowd the shops, and fill the streets and neighbouring roads. But Pardubitz will be a standing reproach to the' Prussians in a military sense. It is an easy hour's inarchfor cavalry from the field of Koniggratz. It was 4.30 p.m. when the Austrians retreated. Their pon toons were principally at Opatovic, three miles below Koniggratz, and not covered by the guns of the fort. The Crown Prince had some 13,000 or 14,000 sabres which had not been used at all. The cavalry under Prince Frederick Charles mustered at least 10,000. But these horsemen, who have been maintaining their superiority on all occasions to the Austrian horse, not only never ventured to press them as they covered the retreat--not only refrained from moving towards Pardubitz, but never appeared even near Opatovic. They had four hours clear day light, but the retreating Austrians and the cavalry which covered them to the last were plied with shot and shell, instead of sabre and lance, and the cavalry did not approach Pardubitz till about noon on the 4th of July, some of the Austrian rear-guard having only entered it an hour before on their way from the field. Had they swept round the Austrian Rank, and made their appearance on the road be tween Holic and Hohenmauth on the morning of the 4th of July, they might have swept up half an army for their pains. At all events, they have not left themselves any ground to taunt their late enemy with want of enterprise. The road from Politz towards Koniggratz crosses the Elbe north of the city, and the Austrians burnt the bridge—but not till they had got over. The Prussians laid down pontoons and crossed on July 4 and 5. All along the highway, which is much cut up by artillery and waggons, the fields on each side are trampled down, and are marked with the ashes of cooking and bivouac fires. The houses and vil lages were deserted as they came on. Now the people have returned, and are busy in the fields, and cattle and geese have come forth from their hiding-places and possess their pastures once more. The peasantry are poor and ill-clad, but not ragged. It would be miserable, indeed, if the women wore tattered garments, for their costume this summer time is of the lightest, and consists of ahandkerchief tied over the head, and a simple short toga confined at the waist by a band, and making a liberal display of stout stockingless legs and bare feet. A journey of a couple of hours at a slow pace brought us to the railway between Pardubitz and Koniggratz, on which there is now only one train a day for pas sengers, and as it had left on our arrival we had hired an open chaise to take us to Smiric by way of Chlum, for it was doubtful whether we could enter either Josephstadt or Koniggratz. The lofty tower of the latter fortress, rising above the dome of the churches, and the spires and chim neys of the place came in sight, but after driving along the high road for a couple of miles the coachman turned off towards the left and proceeded in a north-westerly direction, and a mile and a half more took us out on the high road from Konig gratz to Sadowa. Here the traces of the fight began to show themselves, and never ceased to multiply. The red cowhide knapsack, the soiled blue cap, the battered shako stripped of its brass ornaments, the cooking tins, water bottles, shoes, leather sword and bayonet sheaths, here singly, there in little heaps, mingled with white leathern caps, pouches, belts, and cartouche-boxes, lay by the roadside and dotted the fields. At the squalid hamlets children toddled about with Austrian caps, and the obsequious pea sant as he uncovered his head did not seem to care particularly to put on the substitute for a hat he had in his hand, lest the passengers should take umbrage at his appropriation of Government pro perty. At Chevta, which is spelt Wsetar on some maps and plans, where an obstinate encounter took place between 2 o'clock and 3 o'clock and a little later, the blackened ruins of houses stand by the side of the road or lie in masses of rubbish at the base of the chimney stacks. The houses which remain are filled with sick and wounded. The largest dis plays a white flag to denote that it is an hospital, and a few men in Austrian and Prussian uniforms looked out with pale faces to see who broke the repose of the village. Men with white bands with a red cross—the badge agreed upon at the Genevese con ference—moved in and out, attending patients in the houses, and a few women of the place were simi larly engaged. Before entering the village the mounds by the roadside, freshly turned up, denoted where the dead lay. Horses and men were near to. gether, but the resting-places of the latter were often marked on crosses, on which were written in pencil the number of those whose remains were below, and sometimes the number of the regiment. The officerswere generally interred separately. The heaps of knapsacks and of such debris here grew into mounds, for the peasants had cleared them off the fields by the roadside. The graves in rows and the crosses grew thickly ; but there was a more dreaded evidence of the scene that was enacted here six weeks ago. A faint odour, which had been perceptible for some time, became dreadful and over powering, The coachman, puffing with all his energy at his pipe, exclaimed, " I must drive on, gentlemen." It is dangerous to stay here. All around are sick." We lighted cigars and drove on. "Ah ! there is Lipa," said my comrade. " No," said I, " that is Chlum ; Lipa is further on." " No, that is Lipa. lam quite certain." " Well, that, I assure you, is what the Austrians call Chlum, and what I called Chlum, and if you and the Prussians called it Lipa all the discrepancy is explained, for there was, we admit, a fight at Lipa, but we say there was none a t Chlum till the Prussians got into it and the Austrians tried to drive them out." "Coachman, what place do you call that?" "That," said the driver, "is Chlum." There could be no dispute in the case. Here was a matter of great doubt solved at once. The maps of the district are all imperfect ; none of the inhabitants remained after the battle, and the Prussians made a mistake between Lip a and Chlum, which is perpetuated in all their maps and plans of the battle, so Club casuists and military critics are hereby informed, and warned accordingly, that Chlum and Lipa are different places. The world may be sa ve d muc h argument by this si mp l e solution. My visit to the field of Koniggratz, if it does no other service, will at least save your readers who take an interest in military affairs a good Teal of acrimonious controversy and abortive dispute. It will be recollected that Benedek in his telegraphic despatch—the only one published by the Austrian Government relative to the battle, although it is understood an official report will be issued as soon as the commission of inquiry has finished its labours —stated that the fog and smoke enabled the Pros_ sians to get unperceived into an important position, and that this circumstance determined his retreat. The position alluded to was the village of alum. Your Austrian Military Correspondent, who was on the field with the reldzeugmeister and his Staff, gave your readers an account of what occurred in detail, and with perfect accuracy so far as all which came under his personal observation was concerned, and Your Correspondent who now addresses you endea voured to do the same. The former related how Benedek was suddenly informed that the Prussians had got into Chlum, whi.,ll had been left unguarded, and how, riding t ) the spot to see if it could be true, he and his staff were re ceived by a volley, which struck down three of his officers, and left no doubt of the presence of an enemy in the centre of his position and in a place from which he in vain tried to drive them. The latter, narrating what he saw from time to time, marked the advance of the Prussians along the ridge and their sudden appearance in Chlum, and the unsuccessful attempts to retake it. On the other hand, your Militarycorrespondent with the Prussian Army, who was on the field with Prince Frederick Charles, gave his account of the victory without re ference to Chlum, but in later and more detailed accounts of particular parts of the battle he stated that Chlum was the scene of a fierce engagement ; it was occupied and defended resolutely, and it was inferred that Benedek's report was an excuse for defeat. So as we both journeyed together towards the spot . yesterday there rose above the plain the well-known, broad-based rounded hill, with a small dark grove on its flattened top, above which was a square white church tower, with a tiny black spire, which to him was Lipa and to me was Chlum. The real Lipa lies at the other side of the hill of alum, nearer to Sadowa. The wood around Lipa was strongly held, and the village itself was defended by some earthworks of no great strength, which were taken in reverse when the Prussians got into Chlum, which is high above Lipa, at half an ordi nary musket shot. As Chlum stands a couple of hundred yards from the main road to Sadowa, we got out and walked up the hill, and the chaise was sent round to gain the village of Chulm by a rough path. The hill on which the Austrians lay in heaps as they advanced or retreated from their fatal and unsuccessful efforts to recapture the position was covered with stubble, and here and there the dry yellowish mounds of the graves broke the level surface, and the black and white crosses on the summit and inside the churchyards rose over Austrian and Prussian alike. On gaining the wooden paling round the little church it was most interesting to perceive that the ground fell rapidly away behind it towards Nedelist, and that in the hollow formed in the plain on the left of Cilium, looking towards Koniggratz, there runs almost in a ravine a cross country road right in the direction of the march of the Crown Prince's army. There can be no doubt that the men who first occupied Cilium got in up that narrow path, and that they could not be perceived either by the men who were defending Lipa or by those who lay below Chlum between it and Koniggratz. The Austrians down in the village at the foot of Chlum towards Lipa were taken in the rear, and those in Nedelist at tacked by the Prussians under the Crown Prince's left were exposed to a cross fire. In fact it was the centre of • the whole position, and the vast masses of the Crown Prince's army which had been visible from Koniggratz sweeping along over the plain by the Big Tree, although they were stre nuously resisted on their left, managed to get in through a gap made in the Austrian line to an un guarded and vital point. The spot where Prussia stole a march on her rival, and snatched from her for ever the place in Germany for which she had struggled so long, is now quiet enough, but tourists have found it out, and Germans are flocking to it daily. Although the church alone is visible from the south and east, and indeed from all quarters except the ground close behind it, there is a village or the remains of one, on the slope of the hill towards Sadowa, and the blackened chimneys of the houses which burnt so fiercely stand up through the trees amid all that is left of the secluded Bohemian hamlet. In the direction of Lipa and Sadowa the trees have been cut down to form an abattis ; a trench was made across the road, and there is a parapet and epaulements for two batteries, which demonstrate the value placed on the position by the Austrians. But they neglected the church itself, and the top of the hill, and the left of the village. The moment the Crown Prince's troops got a footing there the columns on their right dashed in and carried the batteries and epaulements,_ their guns hurried up to the hill, and victory was gripped in the talons of-the Black Eagle. The church stands in a small orchard and grove of trees used as a burial-ground. A peasant girl ran with the key to open the door, and we entered the building, which had been filled with wounded, and used as an hospital for a short time, but is now clean though it bears marks of the Austrian shell inside It is restored to its proper use, but the congregation must be very small. A profound silence reigned in the building and in the ruined hamlet below. We mounted the stairs to the little belfry, and the sites so deeply engraved on the memory came out like impresses of the photograph. There, facing us, was Koniggratz, with its towers and spires so clear that with a glass one could read the time on the face of the clock tower, and could see the little pillars of the gallery above. There was the plain in which the cavalry were massed before they moved into the smoke, too late to save the day; there the big tree again—the tree at whi c h I l ooked so often that day, little thinking that at the very same time the Crown Prince was directing the march of his army by the very same object. There were the plains over which he advanced, driving the Austrians, too weak in numbers and spirit to resist, right before him from the big tree towards Koniggratz. I now saw how it was that the Prussians, whom I observed marching along by the Big Tree, disappeared at a certain point, and I also perceived how it was quite possible to get unperceived into Cilium. There was no rea son, however, to find fault with Benedek's descrip tion of his position. It was not strongly intrenched. It was, on the contrary, only partially intrenched, and some of the works were never occupied. With the better, or more properly with the less imperfect, information which writings and de spatches have removed from the category of igno rance as to movements of troops and the advance and retreat of columns of smoke and the outbursts of fierce fires which prevailed throughout the raw, cold, and wet day of July 3 it is justifiable to main tain, after a careful examination of the ground-1, that Benedek occupied a position far beyond his means of resistance and full military defence ; 2, that he neglected to protect his right flank, and did not take adequate measures to check the advance of the Crown Prince ; 3, that personally he did not take up a proper position to control the field ; 4, that the Prussians ought to have completely crushed the Austrians, and did not exhibit energy in pursuit or in the handling of their cavalry ; 5, that the ad vance of the Crown Prince upon the Big Tree was almost unopposed ; 6, that the neglect of Chlurn was unpardonable. There were blundearsdoynebt oththeyswideerse but the Austrians blundered most, n very near beating Prince Frederick Charles at Sadowa. Directly in the rear of Chlum, and some distance back towards Sadowa, there is still remaining an epaulement which would cover a battalion and another with embrasures for eight field pieces. On the right of these intrenchnients, about a mile and a quarter away, I saw another earthwork for eight guns and another epaulement; and more to the right again, in front of the wood of Mashloved, there is another earthwork for a field battery and some earthworks for infantry. These are very much of the same nature as those thrown up by the Russians at the Alma, except that they are more formidable and of a more permanent character, having small service magazines counter sunk in th e p arape t for the guns, at least, in the case o f th e Li p. batteries. It is evident that though these works did offer great obstacles to the direct attack of Prince Frederick Charles and Fransky they were turned by the Crown Prince, who got into the rear of the line. The Crown Prince had, I believe, a protected field battery to silence —the others he turned. Still the position was " partially intrenched," and if, as the Austrians say, guns were not put in some of the works and others were rendered useless because the enemy turned them, the fact demonstrates that the Aus trians were not skilful enough to place their works in the most advantageous positions. If Benedek had any idea the Crown Prince was coming down on his right flank, and he certainly ought to have taken such a contingency into his calculations, he should have compensated as far as p oss ib le for his inferio rity of numbers by protecting his right with the aid of intrenchments when once he had decided to accept battle at Koniggratz, and he had part of the Ist and all the 2d of July to intrench himself. The value of such works is best shown by the strenuous resist ance made at Sadowa and Mashloved to Prince Fre derick Charles and Fransky—resistance which at one time was belieVed by Benedek to have been crowned with success, and which made all but M. Bismark gloomy. The day was waning as we descended the hill of Chlum and proceeded across country through Nedelist and Sindrasec and Trothina to Smiric in search of lodging and food. All these places had suffered in the battle, were scathed by fire, shattered by shell and musketry, but here, as at Chlum, there were more houses spared from the conflagration than a spectator of the smoke and flames could have supposed, and the severity and magnitude of the combat were rather to be esti mated by the prodigious quantity of accoutrements, knapsacks, leathern belts, shoes, and pouches, and by the graves than by the condition of the houses. In all of them were wounded and sick ; in all the men with white bands and red crosses on their arms, the surgeons and the nurses, and the nameless legion of the recruits in the great and glorious army of mercy. Austrians and Prussians live together in suffering amity, and legless and armless discuss the unification of Germany ;and the mechanicism by which it was worked out in these secluded nooks, and although they are not furnished with luxuries they are well enough off to give them a fair chance of recovery. Perhaps it is too late for an English mission, but there wouldbe no difficulty in getting access to the sick and wounded, and the only obstacle would be in transport of stores and in procuring lodgings. It was nearly night when our chaise halted before the Ilostence of Smiric with an unpronounceable Tzech name ren dered into Grunen Baum ; but the landlord, and, what is more, the landlady, resolved to give us nei ther board nor lodging, averring that the only rooms in the house were engaged for gentlemen—grand Prussian officers—coming from Prague to visit the battle-field. Smiric, it appeared, was also full of sick and wounded. The latter were hopping and creep ing along to look at the strangers. After a good deal of open air diplomacy it was arranged that we were to be permitted to enter the house to eat, and hav ing established that point the concession was made of letting us sleep till the Prussians came. A mes sage was despatched next morning at dawn to see if quarters could be obtained at Josephstadt, and per mission to enter the place for my companion in-case we could not get back to Pardubitz, and, in great terror of Prussians, we retired to our beds and slept till morning. It was near noon before the courier returned from Josephstadt with a sort of chaise and a pair of horses ; but from what he said of the feel ing of the military residents and of the condition of the place it did not appear desirable for one who had served with the Prussians to enter the walls, and, for similar reasons, I resolved not to accept an invitation to visit the fields of Nachod and Skalitz with a Prussian general and his chief of artillery, who were coming from Prague, and proposed call ing on their way to take your correspondent with them. A detailed account of our visit to the whole front of the battle-field might prove rather uninte resting, as it would be but a repetition of the same phrases. From Horonowes, which lies in the centre of Benedek's right, passing by Trothina, we visited the Big Tree, which, however, resolves itself into two big trees, and from it could see Mashloved, where Fransky's column was opposed so resolutely, Trothina, Nedelist, Banatek, Chlum, and all the plain down to the Elbe, and Koniggratz, with its tower. Chlum is somewhat over three miles from the tower as the crow flies. Thence we visited the villages in detail, and drove round to Sadowa, and walked up the hill of Dub. The struggle in the wood be- ,ween Lipa and Sadowa must have been most san guinary, and trees are cut to pieces in several places by the fire, but the Austrians held it till their centre was forced. At Sadowa, which at ono time by one of the freaks of nomenclature promised to become known as the place from which the name of the battle was derived, there are no epaulements or intrenched works of any description visible. The village does not bear many traces of the combat which raged in the adjoining wood from 8 o'clock in the morn ing till nearly 4 o'clock, and at one time was de- ci , iedly in favour of the Austrians. Horn's division was forced to retire. Mansteiner's division suffered so much that he had to promise his men should nut retire unless they marched over his dead body. The King, uneasy and perplexed, asked more than once, " Well, what are we going to do now ?" Had not the Crown Prince, for whose slow.advance they were waiting and longing, Made his appear ance and carried Lipa, Benedek's cavalry would have been down on Prince Frederick Charles's struggling army, and his reserves would have been sent to the support of the Austriani, contending so bravely against the Second Army. In that case Herwarth, who was forcing the position occupied by the Austrians and Saxons at Nechanitz with the 7th Army Corps and part of the Bth, would have been isolated, and his left flank would have been exposed and turned ; but it is evident that unless Benedek could have stopped the First Army he could not have profited very materially by defeating the army of Prince Frederick Charles, as a most formidable antagonist was appearing on the scene whose army was nearly equal in guns and men to the whole of the troops Benedek could dispose of to meet the combined attack. The dead lie thick indeed—mounds with roughly-made crosses, with such inscriptions as these :—Hier ruhen 9 tap fere Preussische and Oesterreichische Krieger." But few are named, and in some spots almost every sod beneath one's feet is, indeed, a soldier's sepulchre. It was nearly sunset before we turned back from Nechanitz, and 10 o'clock before we reached Smiric. There are stories of marauders and robbers prowling about the villages and hunting the battle-field, but there were none of them to be seen on this occasion, and the . moonlight did not tempt even a ghost to wander forth and flit through the dark alleys of the blood-stained pine groves, clothed with the gloom and noiselessness of the grave itself. Prince Albrecht, who commanded the cavalry on the day of the battle, visited the field, and the French military attaché to the . Embassy at Berlin also went over the ground in company with two Prussian majors. Tourists were also there in con siderable numbers ; but if they listened to the stories of their local guides they had very erroneous ideas of the battle. This little village has awakened sud denly and found itself famous. The key of the small church is a valuable property, and opens the way to a mine of paper currency. The most ignorant of the resident peasantry have become oracles in respect to the greatest battle since Waterloo. The Prussian Engineers are surveying the ground, and when they have done the map ought to be very perfect, for they have taken six weeks to lay it down, and have not done yet. All the plans hitherto drawn are, with opgwurriototuhce:ecscld.oeption, erroneous more or less, and rather more than less, and the military student must wait a little ne lo al n eot g on er for a tolerably correct idea of the Prussian visitth e 2s3kdao tote euerar officers, and Military N a elho returned i n eon Correspondent ihpitahneyr on my road to Moravia, taking Koniggratz on my way. Men have written books in prison, but there is no case of the governor of a fortress in a state of siege doing so. It must be because governors are in that case generally provided with some active, healthy occupation,—they were attacked by an enemy or had something to keep them from idle amusements. If the governors of Theresienstadt, Josephstadt, and Koniggratz do not produce works they will lose a great occasion. The former officer has, indeed, had an excuse. O'n the day the truce expired, being ignorant of its pi •olongation, he sal- lied out on the Prussians, e .ttacked them with vigour, and took some prisoners back with him. This offence has been condone. The governor of Josephstadt, however, has had no such plea to offer, for he was shut up on the 29thi of June last, and till August 2 he had no relations with the outer world, and he then only establish ad some very limited channels of intercourse with external mankind over his drawbridges. Lately he . was visited, not long after sunset. He was in bed- —a military philosopher. " For," said he, "I have iaothing to do ; there is none to talk to ; nothin& a t. be seen or to be done, and so when I have seen the reports and had my supper I go to bed and•read till I fall asleep." The publishers of the world ought to compete for a cer tificate from such a competent judge of a lively work. When the Crown Prince marched down towards Koniggratz he left a brigade to cover Jo sephstadt, and so the brigade looked at the garrison and the garrison looked at the brigade till peace came. The governor of Koniggratz.had a moment of excitement. On the sth of July the Prussians established two batteries in the afternoon, and began to throw projectiles into the town. Their range was accurate. The shells fell in the houses of the Platz. But the guns of the work began toreply, and as the gunners knew the distances to a foot, the Prussians were very soon obliged to retire out of the way of the smooth-bores, and to take up rifled artillery dis tances. Then they made a miscalculation, for all their shots for the rest of the evening flew far above the housetops, and plashed into the inundations at the other side of the walls. These three fortresses or fortified places of Theresienstadt, Josephstadt, and Koniggratz have played a remarkable part in the campaign, little as they have done. The first blocked up an important railway com munication which would have been most useful to the Prussians ; the second detained a portion of their army, and gave Benedek apoint d'appui when he swung round his army from Dubenec to Konig gratz ; the last served to save the Austrian army from the worst results of their defeat. Olmutz, too, gave Benedek shelter, and by its very name deterred the Prussians from any attempt to complete his discomfiture. The day of fortified places in war is not clearly so closed as economists and trajectorists have asserted and prophesied, and these works al ways exercised a greater influence than the soldiers in garrison could have exercised over the enemy's calculations had they been in the open. Even when cut off and quite isolated they retained nearly all their original force, and in that respect, as in others, such as the control of roads, differed from detached corps of equal magnitude in the field. Did not the sister fortresses contend for the honour, Koniggratz might claim the honour of being the place where Dulness holds her Court. The waters of the inun dations are still out, and spread their marshy folds around the green mounds, above which rise the houses and spires of the place. The road winds along a causeway raised above the marsh, and the trees which shaded it for many years now lie in ruin by its side, for they were cut down in order to give the cannon free vista. A few women washing in the water and some white-coated soldiers looking on are the onlypopulation visible. Over drawbridge and moat the postchaise rattles and jolts, lazily waking up the guards who are seated in the shade and dreaming over their dinners, and then emerges in the quaint dreary Platz, surrounded by high houses with arcaded streets like those of Chester. The shops are nearly all closed, and there is not a sign of life in the place, except that some Austrian officers and soldiers can be seen creeping along„out of the sun, and a batch of Prussian prisoners, under the charge of a Hungarian sentinel, with fixed bayonet, are going out to take a " constitutional" round the town. Civilians there are none. There was one, but he apparently retired to digest his wonder at the sight of a vehicle and a traveller inside the fortress. The tower door was open. The guardian of the tower who lives high up amid the ropes and machinery of the clock with his wife and children, in a littleroom, taking no note of time save by its loss, was at home, and after a giddy clamber in the dark by a spiral staircase, and up ladders in black voids, peopled only by the great throbbing ticks of the clock, it was pleasant to see the daylight let in through his little window, and then to emerge on the gallery and gaze on the well-known scene, which has not changed in the smallest, though the Austrian empire has covered the hills and plains with the wreck of its German " hegemony" and of its Imperial grandeur. It was a relief to escape from the silence and mournful associations of Koniggratz. The carriage rumbled over the drawbridges and out of the portals without let or hindrance, and no one enquired if French or Prussian engineer had come out en bour geois with plans of the whole defences in his pocket book. The road beyond the Prague Thor passes through a suburb nearly deserted, and by a sad inter vention of houses blown up to leave free play for the guns, and the great trees still line the inundation with their prostrate trunks. The traveller who may desire to visit Koniggratz need not fear any mistake as to the scene of the battle. Forseveral miles be fore he comes to the gates he can see the white church of Cldum, with its black, stumpy spire, rising out of a dark grove on the top of a hill, to the right and left of which there is a green ridge, flat and bare, till on the left it is bordered by the woods of Nechanic, and on the right the Big Tree is seen, and then comes a bare plain, terminated by the undulating ground and the trees over Horo nowes. Unless the tree be cut down after it has been made one of the bases for the Prussian survey, the natural features of the ground are so marked that no agricultural processes will alter it, and the field of Koniggratz will remain for many a year as it is—the site of one of the most interesting and momentous battles of the world. At Kuklena, out side the city, the first Prussian soldier came,in view, and there were few windows in any of the hamlets and villages on the way to l'ardubitz which did no exhiEt, ',be brass spike and frontispiece and the shiny black leather of the helmet Vith which so much of Germany is familiar, put there to hang out of the way, or as a token of occupation. If the stories of the people, which are only told in strict confidence, are to be credited to any extent, the occupation so typified has been a sore burden on the laud. Let every. Englishman bless thesea and thewavesthereof and be thankful that his coast is more substantial :han that which Shakspere assigned to Bohemia. Sydney Smith's picture of England invaded may be somewhat exaggerated, but we see under our eyes the people of countries famous for deeds of arms in olden times groaning under the load of 300,000 foreign soldiers. Cushion it as we may, the iron saddle galls to the bone. consequent distress, and afford them such succour as seemed necessary, but to see to the condition of drains, cesspools, and the like, the state of the water used for domestic purposes, and to the execution of cleansing and disinfecting processes where they were urgently required. In a self-reliant spirit they had organised and conducted this work, both in appre hension and in the actual presence of the epidemic, and it was not until they had exhausted their local means, obtained from various sources, that they had applied to the Mansion-house Committee for as sistance. Dr. Tripe, the local medical officer of health, who accompanied the deputation, stated incidentally that there were in that part of London 4,800 houses, the rent of each of which was under £2O a year. Dr. A. CLARK, physician to the London Hospital, who has often, at the meetings of the committee, had to lament to some of the local authorities who came there, and especially those from a poor dis trict in Southwark the other day, the little energy shown, and often the entire neglect, in the cleansing of drains and cesspools, and in other sanitary works, took occasion greatly to commend the precautions taken by the Hackney authorities, as being in a high degree calculated to arrest the spread of the malady, and therefore worthy of all imitation. Of all the relief which the Mansion-house Com mittee has been enabled, through the public bounty, to dispense in money and in kind, to the hundreds of poor patients and convalescents at their own homes, in the last three weeks, probably none has been more suitable or more grateful than the port wine, arrowroot, corn-flour, and other nourishing diet which they have given through the local com mittee. One of their own body, Mr. A. Johnston, a member of the firm of Morewood and Co., of Upper Thames-street, has from the first afforded warehouse room for all such stores—of course free of all charge. By the spontaneous kindness of va rious firms of wine merchants three pipes of port wine have been presented to the committee for dis tribution during the last three weeks. This stock, however, is now all but exhausted, and the committee with regret have had occasion within the last few days to say to local authorities who have applied to them that for the present at least they have little or no port wine at their disposal for the sick and convale scent. We have been requested to correct a slight error which crept into the report of yesterday in that part of the statement made by Mr. John Abel Smith, M.P., on Tuesday in reference to the funds supplied to the temporary hospital iu Commercial-street, Whitechapel. It appears that almost the whole amount hitherto furnished has been supplied by the Bishop of London's Fund and the Mansion-house Committee, and the hospital is in want of further assistance. At the meeting of the committee on Tuesday, Mr. E. H. Palmer, a director of the Bank of England, and a member, with other gentlemen, of the managing committee of the Hospital, disclaimed for himself any merit attaching to the attempt to establish it, which he said was entirely due to Miss Sellon and the other benevolent ladies acting in concert with her. THE CHOLERA. MANSION HOUSE RELIEF COMMITTEE. This committee, at their meeting yesterday, made grants in all to the amount of £6OO towards the further relief of the prevailing distress—namely, to the district of Hackney old parish, £250 ; the dis trict of Limehouse, £5O, supplementing two previous grants of £2OO and £lOO ; and to Mile-end New town, £5O, in addition to a previous contribution of £5O. They had also under consideration a pro position for assisting the fund now being raised by Mrs. Gladstone towards providing a convalescent home and temporary orphanage. From the first the committee have declined to countenance the scheme of Mrs. Gladstone for establishing a perma nent asylum for orphans, believing tl4at such au institution is not wanted while so many of the kind already exist, and can afford additional accom modation ; but yesterday, on the motion of the Lord Mayor, desiring to encourage the more practical turn which her benevolent interest• in the hundreds of children made orphans by the visitation has recently taken, they voted hdr £250 towards a temporary convalescent home and orphan age, which she is now engaged in promoting. There were present at the meeting, besides the Lord Mayor Sir Mordaunt Wells, Mr. John Abel Smith, M.P., Mr. Alderman Cotton, the Rev. William Rogers, Mr. Charles Hutton, Mr. 11. W. Ripley, Mr. R. N. Fowler, Mr. Andrew Johnston, Mr. Richard Hoare, Dr. Andrew Clark, physician to the London Hos pital ; and Mr. Joseph Gibbs, the secretary. The deputation from Hackney, to whom the committee granted £250, was composed of some of the principal inhabitants, and the statement they gave of the steps they had taken both for purposes of relief and in a sanitary point of view to arrest the disease, elicited warm expressions of approba tion from the Lord Mayor and other members of the committee. In a population of about 90,000 the had been 89 cases of cholera, 40 deaths, and 1,870 cases of diarrhoea. Besides a general com mittee, they had organised local committees in the various districts, consisting of ministers of religion of all denominations, relieving officers, medical officers, and other inhabitants, and systematic house-to-house visitations had been conducted, not only with the view to find out the poor people &Sided with the epidemic or suffering from the LIVERPOOL. The disease still continues prevalent in several districts of Liverpool, and now threatens Toxteth park, where several deaths have occurred. The Toxteth Guardians have made no adequate provi sion, and have not carried out the orders of the Privy Council. It is to be feared that unless they speedily take active measures the disease will make rapid progress in this densely populated district. The following is the return of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in London registered on Tuesday, Aug. 28 : West districts ... North distric's Central districts... East districts ... South districts Cholera. • 1 ~. 2 ▪ 2 ~. 22 4 Diarrhcea,. 0 • 2 • 3 13 ... 5 Total ... 23 SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—At the Birmingham Reform Meeting Mr. Edmond Beales, the President of the Reform League, announced that he had ceased to be Revis ing Barrister for the county of Middlesex, and he left it to be inferred that he had been deprived of his office from motives of political animosity. He had lost his post, he said " for having thus warmly supported the rights of the people, and having taken part in an agitation of an ordinary character." The audience received this announcement with cries of " Shame," and no doubt Mr. Beales was at once regarded as a victim of Tory malignity. It is of importance that there should be no misunderstand ing on the subject, and a correspondence which we publish elsewhere furnishes the true explanation of Mr. Beales' deposition. It is to be observed, in the first place, that it is not a matter in which either e Government or any political authority is in the slightest degree concerned. The appointment of Revising Barrister is in the hands of the Lord Chief Justice of England. The office, moreover, is an annual one, and in ordinary co urse i s renewe d from year to year. What has really occurre,l, therefore, is that the Chief Justice has not thought fit to re new 111 r. Beales' appointment for the ensuing regis tration. The motives which have determined the Chief Justice to this decision are admirably explained in his letter to Mr. Beales; but before we consider them we May observe that the character of the Chief Justice would be sufficient to render it cer tain that he cannot possibly have been influenced by political animosity. The days, indeed, are long past when our great Judges suffered political feeling to influence them in the discharge of their duties ; but even if the present Chief Justice had been as stout a partisan as Lord Eldon, it would still be impossible to attribute his decision in this matter to political bias. Sir Alexander Cockburn happens to have been always conspicuous for Libe ral opinions, and, so far as political feeling is con cerned, he would sympathise rather with Mr. Beales than with his opponents. In fact, it was Sir Alex ander Cockburn himself who appointed Mr. Beaks to his recent office as late as 1861, and as Mr. Beales' opinions, though not so notorious, must have been perfectly well known at that time, it is ob vious that they cannot have been regarded as con stituting in themselves any disqualification. It will be idle, therefore, for Mr. Beales himself or his sup porters to pretend that he has been sacrificed to his political opponents. He has been deprived of office, not by a politician, but by a judge—by the same judge who had previously appointed him, and whose political opinions resemble his own. The considera tions which have determined the Chief Justice are, indeed, wholly impartial, and would have rendered his decision equally necessary if Mr. Beales had been at the head of an extreme Tory instead of a extreme Radical agitation. He takes care to explain that merely " to entertain or to express decided political opinions" is no disqualification for the post of Re vising Barrister. He is quite right in saying that the vast majority o f men, to w h om he h as no doubt Mr. Beales belongs, would decide upon a disputed vote solely with reference to the evidence brought before them. No suspicion is cast upon Mr. Beales' impartiality because he is a Radical, nor would there have been had he been a Tory. No complaint has been alleged against him in the discharge of his duties, and we are quite ready to accept his assurance that he has been both conscientious and active. But the Chief Justice properly observes that there are other interests besides those of the Revising Barrister himself to be taken into account. It is not enough that a judge should be impartial and his decisions just ; it is quite as important that the public and the suitors should have every assurance that he is so. It is not fair to the public to appoint a Judge whose decision could possibly be suspected of undue influence. If there is any post in which these considerations are of un usual force, it is that of a Revising Barrister. The questions which come before him are often of great delicacy and intricacy. Party feeling frequently runs high, and he has' to turn the balance of a delicate question by his sole authority. Under such circumstances it is obvious what a disadvantage it would be if his decision could ever be plausibly at tributed to the partiality of a partisan. It would, in fact, deprive his office of its greatest use, which is to settle what would otherwise be heated disputes by the weight of an authority believed to be im partial. The Chief Justice has decided that Mr. Beales 4 recent conduct has exposed him to these misinterpretations, and there are very few persons, indeed, who will not approve such a decision. To entertain or to profess strong opinions is one thing, to make yourself a prominent agent in an agitation for enforcing them is quite another. There is all the difference in the world between entertaining an abstract opinion and having a strong practical in terest in carrying it out. A decided political philosopher and a fervid political partisan are very different persons. It is possible, r o doubt, as Sir Alexander Cockburn says, that " the partisans and fervid politician of to-day may be trusted to assume to-morrow the calmness and freedom from bias and passion which are essential to the office of a Judge ; ' but people would not be unreasonable if they were sceptical as to the transformation. An agitator, insensibly to himself, loses his head. He lives in a perpetual atmosphere of passion and excitement. Opinions and persons become alike distorted, and it would be no reflection on his honesty of intention to doubt his impartiality. Such are the grounds upon which the Chief Justice has based his refusal to re-appoint Mr. Beales, and the public will certainly be of opinion that he has only done his duty. He reminds Mr. Beales that the Judges are always expected to ab stain from mixing in party strife, and they are scrupulously careful to obey the restriction. If such a course is considered fitting in a judge who has so rarely to decide cases which involve political questions, it must be infinitely more incumbent on a revising barrister, whose decisions are always of political importance. When Mr. Beales, therefore, urges that some well-founded complaint ought to have preceded his dismissal, it is sufficient to an swer that he has given ample ground for very seri ous complaint. He has acted in a manner unbe coming his office. If Mr. Beales had been a private person, no fault whatever could have been found with him for indulging in any political agitation he pleased ; but any political agitation is unbe coming in a person holding the office of a judge. It is for this, and this alone, that he has been de prived of his office ; and it is sheer nonsense for him to represent himself, as he does at the close of his letter, as a political martyr. His dismissal will, he assures us, have even " a dangerous effect." It will "force the people to the conviction that no man . . can sincerely and warmly advocate what he considers their rights without the risk of subjecting himself to very serious personal loss." If " the people" are capable of all the arguments and conclusions which Mr. Beales and some of his friends attribute to them, they must be much more irrational than we believe them to be. Every Eng lishman can understand that a judge ought not to be a leading agitator, and that it is no hardship if he is compelled to choose between the two charac ters. Mr. Beales has aspired to the honour and glory of presiding at the Reform of the British Constitution, and he ought not to feel disap pointed at having to relinquish the insigniricant office of deciding between election agents. In deed, as he considers " the Legislature as at pre sent constituted to be a mockery of the rights of the unrepresented millions," we wonder how he can have felt any satisfaction in assisting at the production of so great a rham. At all events, as he expects to be the creator of "millions" of votes, it will be no great hardship if he is denied the privilege of annually granting a paltry dozen or two. POST.—The efforts which are now being made by the Democrats and the more liberal and enlightened section of the Republican party in the United States to re-establish that form of government which existed previous to the civil war are so praiseworthy that every well-wisher of the Republic must desire to see them rewarded with success. It is now eighteen months since the war came to a close, and the supremacy of the Government at Washington was conclusively established through out the length and breadth of the Union. It is true that a twelvemonth was permitted to elapse before Mr. Johnson officially declared the great rebellion to be at an end ; but the tardiness of this admission was dictated by special reasons totallyr independent of the actual state of affairs. But, not withstanding the termination of the war and the unconditional submission of the Southern States, every effort to restore the status quo ante by per mitting them to resume their ancient pl ace i n th e Union has been sedulously opposed by the present Congress. The same spirit which actuated the ex treme Republicans and Abolitionists whilst the Southern States were in revolt continues to inspire them even now, and the resolution by which the representatives of those States were denied the right of taking their places in Congress has never been rescinded. The crime of disloyalty to the Union was of too deep a dye to be purged by a mere return to a former state of allegiance, and even those who were loudest in their professions of a desire to see the Union restored seemed to consi der themselves bound to impose restrictions which in their very nature were calculated to prevent the accomplishment of their wishes. To put an end to this anomalous condition of things, and to re-establish the right of State representation throughout the Republic, are the main objects which the Convention now assembled in Philadelphia has in view. If, in denying to the representatives of the Southern States the privileges accorded to them by the Constitution, Congress was actuated by a sin cere desire to advance the interests of the country, its conduct would be at least intelligible, and might even be considered praiseworthy. But those who are familiar with the operation of American institu tions have no difficulty in ascribing the conduct of those who at present occupy seats in the House of Representatives to more unworthy motives. By pre venting the admissson of men who would at all events be their political opponents, the Republican faction not only retain in their own hands the sole direction of public affairs, but are enabled to turn to their own personal advantage the opportunities thus afforded, without any danger of being called to an account by a hostile opposition. The Republican party have had it all their own way in Congress during the past 18 months, and yet during that period they have not p asse d a single enactment which was truly calculated •to promote the welfare of the United States. On the contrary, no less than five different measures were passed by the two Houses, to which the President refused his assent, and his conduct in so doing met with "the approval of the great mass of the American people. Having, engaged iu a war, bloody and costly beyond all pre cedent in modern times, with the avowed object of effecting a union between the Northern and South ern States of the American Confederation, the Re publican party have employed the conquest they achieved for the purpose of reducing to a state of servitude those with whom they alleged they were united by the indissoluble bonds of new fellow citizenship. In a country possessingsome 30,000,000 inhabitants, scattered over a wide extent of area, and in which the right o f su ff rage i s en j oye d b y a l l , it is absolutely necessary that the leading men of the various political parties should select those whom they deem fitted to represent tbem, and that the electoral body should accept the nominees thus offered to them by men in whose skill and judg ment they have confidence. And, accordingly, it has been the custom in the United States to determine the choice, not only of the Chief Magistrate, but of the senators and representatives who shall consti tute the Congress, by means of what are termed con ventions, the choice thus made being, as a matter of course, submitted for the ratification of the people. The House of Representatives, according to the terms of the American constitution, must be dissolved at the end of two years, and as the period of the dissolution of th e present House is fast ap proaching, the Democratic party is anxious that the new House shall contain a majority of members pledged to support the admission to Congress of the representatives of the Southern States. Hence the Convention which has assembled at Philadelphia, and hence the resolutions which it has passed de claring that the Union and the constitu tion had been restored, and that it was not competent for either Congress or the Government to deny the right of representation to any State. These resolutions will be accepted as the platform of the party, and those candidates for election to the House of Representatives who hope to receive the support of the Democrats must necessarily subscribe to them. General Dix, who acted as temporary chairman of the Convention, when it held its first meeting, said that, since the year 1776, no body of men had met in America to consider events so momentous to the country ; and we think that, in expressing this sen timent, he was substantially in the right. It will not improbably depend on the next House of Representatives whether the American States shall be, in fact, once more united or be again dis tracted by an intestine war. When Mr. Johnson succeeded Mr. Lincoln in the Presidential chair he found a House of Representatives- which had been elected before Richmond and Petersburg bad fallen, and whilst Mr. Jefferson Davis still directed in the capital of Virginia the affairs of the Confederacy. That House was composed almost exclusively of men pledged to prosecute the war with unabated vigour, and prepared to wreak any punishment within their power on the rebellious States. With this House Mr. Johnson has had to deal for the last eighteen months, and it is not too much to say that his prudence and foresight have alone served to prevent a policy being pursued by Congress which would inevitably have led to another war. It is, however, manifest that a contest be tween a chief magistrate and his parliament cannot be prolonged without serious prejudice to the inte rests of the State, and in order to prevent a recur rence of those frequent collisions between the Pre sident and Congress which have attracted the notice of the world during the past two years, an effort is now being made to return a House of Representa tives which will act with equal justice and modera tion by acknowledging the right of the Southern States to co-operate with those of the North in the Government of the Republic. If it were the inten tion of the dominant faction in the North to reduce to a state of absolute subjection the conquered States, then the policy heretofore pursued by Con gress would at least possess the merit of consistency. But such is not at least their avowed intention. It is conceded that after a probation, more or less long, the late Confederate States shall be admitted to a .11. participation with the others in the advantages in' cidental to membership with the great American .Union. But, di sm i ss i ng a ll cons id era tions of lega lity, what good object, let us ask, can be served 131 thus excluding a cons id era bl e port i on o f the Repub lic from the pale of the constitution? The experien ce of the past would indicate that such a policy can alone be productive of evil, and we would therefore hope that patriotism, if nothing else, may indu ce the Republican party to abandon a line of con duct fraught with the greatest danger to the State' COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE—TUESDAY. At our market there was a; good supply o f wheat fro m the growers, but a sma ll coasting and moderate foreign arrival. The trade ruled dull for old, and the little WI: ness done was at is t o 2 s p ar qr . re d uc tion on the rates ot, last week. Thorn was very little now wheat in the m arket, but offers to arrive w ere several shillings below those 9. last week. Barley brou g ht l a t e p r i ces . Malt, beans, an; pea& were unchanged. Oats of fine quality maintainca former rates, but secondary foreign were ver difficult to move. Flour was is per sack lower. At Hoxham them was a moderate supply of wheat, for which there was 3 slow demand at is decline. MONDIOITTIIS HIRE— T trEsDAY. The weather continues favourable for harvest. operatiout The markets have been we ll su ppli e d w i t h o ld whe a l while a few samples of new were brought forward in g ()° ,l condition. Home-grown was i n p re tt y goo d d e mand, a u , transactions were effected at a de c li ne of is per c h; Foreign was in small reques t, an d pr i ces l owere d from to 2s per qr. In barl e y, gr i n di ng qua liti es me t with but an indifferent demand, a nd b u y ers re f use d t o d o business unless on easier terms, which were generally acceded to. In consequence of sellers accepting is per qr. less m0.u09. for beans, a tolerably fair b us i ness was d one i n English there were but few foreign on offer, and these w ere neglected. The oat trade ruled dull at former rates. a The following are the avera ge quo t a ti ons: —Wheat, re 5s 9d to Cs Od per bushel; white, 6s 6d to Cs 9d ; itife r . l %!. 5s Od to 5s 3d ; malting ba r l e y, — s t o — s p er q r ; gri n ri gd . ing ditto, 29s to 29s 6d ; b eans , 41 s ; w hit e oa t s , 25s to 4 "' black ditto, 24s 9d to 25s 6d. MELTON MOWBRAY.-TUESDAY. • - - White wheat, 54s to 598 ; red, 50s to 53s per 36 stone; Barley for malting, 36s to 39s p er qr ; f ee d, 28 s to 33s „P e t . 30 stone. Oats, old, 26s to 345 ; new , 22 s t o 30 s per 2w Beans, old, 48s to 525; new, 458 to 48s per qr. SALISBURY.—T UESDAY. At to-day's market an increased supply of new whe at was offered, but old samples wore more sparingly shosil l ; There was a larger attendance o f f armers , d ea lers, a n d millers than last week, but t ransac ti ons were s l ow ly effect at a decline of quito 2 s p er qr . on new , w hil e o ld wasLe' for previous quotations. Tho following are the quotations :—Wheat realised frill 45s to 58s ; barley, 30s t o 41 s ; oa t s , 24 s t o 32 s ; b e ans, to 545; and peas, 42s to 50s per qr. Tares, from 6s to 1.. 6d per bushel ; Best b rea d, 13d ; h ouse h o ld ditto, 12a per 81b loaf. Flour, 378 to 41sjper sack. HULL.—T UESDAY. During the past week a limited business has been done in the wheat trade, and English has been sold in this d i : trict at is decline in value. The holders of foreign ha' r been very firm ' and refused to accept less mon ey. At market to-day the show of English w h ea t was unusuai l y small, and farmers were unwillin g t o accep t an y reductioal but on the business dono a declin e o f f u lly i s p e r qr. IA: to be submitted to. All descripti ons o f spr i ng co rn O r " scarce, and sold at full prices. .7.1 English white wheat, 49s t o 52 s ; re d , 47 s t o 50 s ; AJa a sic and Konigsberg, 40s to 56 s ; B a l t i c re d , 45 s to 4 11 . Danish and Hamburg, 448 to 48s ; Russian, 45s to ' 0 Barley, English, —s to —s ; gr i n di ng , M e dit e rranea 31s to 31s 6d. Oats, new English, 27s to 28s; Russ ian ' 26s to 275. Beans, old English, 50 s t o 51 s; f ore ign / , 4 ; to 475. Peas, English blue, 40 s t o ll s Od ; f ore i gn 38s to 40s ; grinding, 36s to 37s Od per qr. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. (1 6 s. d. Hastings Hartley lB 0 Hetton Lyons 0 West Hartley Ships at market, &--sold, 8. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton Sept 19 ; Ditto, via Marseilles Sept. l''' Brazil and Cape Verde, by Pritish packet ...... Sept- 3 ', Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Sept 21 ' China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Sept. 2*. Ditto, via Marseilles. Sept, l''' Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Sept. 2 ' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept' 2,' Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampt o n. Sept '— Ditto, via Marseilles .. Sept. 6 Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept 2 • Ditto, via Marseilles Sept. 13 ' Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via )(families. Sept. 1- Newfoundland .. a , Sept. 12 ' Portugal Sept. 2 ' Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon. . United Mates and British North America, by Bri tish packet .. Sept. 6 Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton .. Ditto, via Cork • • Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry .. Sept. 1. West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Tenerife ... Sept. IC. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas and Honduras) Sept- 13 2 Cuba and Mexico Sept. 2 ' Bermuda, via Halifax Sept. 2 6 . Bahamas, via New York. Sept. ll* PASSENGER TRAFFIC ON THE CLYDE.—On Salt day there were no fewer than 40 deprtures from 111 " Bridge wharf, Glasgow, each averaging fully GOO pass el' : gers, making a safe total of 25,000. S ex i ng th a t a corre i '; p onding number of steam ers arr i ve d , eac h apParelt equally well laden, we have, arriving and d e p ar ting in ( 3 ' 3 day, the extraordinary number of 50,000 persons ; andBII says much for the police and harbour management, as as for the good conduct of the passengers themselves, 'it this enormous amount of living traffic was managed, 88 , - usually is, without d amage t o lif e or li m b . G l asgo w .E 17 ` .... ing Citizen. . [ AD ITInTISTITENT.j—HoIIoway's Pills.—lmportan. 4. 10 the fl Sick.—Though the mind be duwncat and the b.( 1 9' 5 ; feebled by continued indi spos i t i on, the sufferer shoul r i this season make a last effort to gain health by taking loway's purifying Pills, which, by cleansing the Ix e le will search out the hidd en cause o f m i sc hi ef and exp el ,t to seeds of most diseases. N o i nva lid i s too much reducca, undergo this very gentl e t rea t men t w i t h safety and advi:ii"; tago; neither youth no r o ld age nee d f ear any i n j ur y tet ra system from a regulated course of these Pills. T heY infallible in stomach complaints, bilious affections, ness, want of appetite, disordered bowels, constipm l s o and the annoyances which s p r i ng f rom d erangemen t 01 digestive and assimilating organs. ADVERTISEMENT.} -Avoid medicines: they always ag: vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Deli c i ous Heal % 0 Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which yi e ld s th re e ain' t the nourishment of the best meat, saves fifty times its O s _ in other remedies, and invariably restores perfect digestlM strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood , freshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the c lv ' o o r disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 6° ,' 4 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216, o f t h e Marchioness de Brel it of seven years' liver complaint, wastin; away, deblaps, nervousness, with a n ervous palpitation all over, bad 018-11. tion, constant sleeples sness, and the most intolerable n erve rd agitation.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord St uar t d e Denies. fika Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspePsi a * -- .4a, 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dysP e r",v, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatula:' spasms, sickness, an d vom iti ng. —Mar i a Jolly."—Cure ,'„, 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thl years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver der ange tlf ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss lialza i r o f Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gathering o . o 4 spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cu re N o. 54 , 8 16. The Reit' T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and tor?, dity or the liver. which had resisted all medical treatmellot`b; In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 45 6d; 51b, 11s; 121 b, 228; 2 „; 4043.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, R egen t- s t re et, Loll e also Phillips, tea dealers, 8, King Willi am - s t ree t ; 111'e d:6 te. at 61, Oracechurch-stre e t ; 4, Ch eaps id e ; 49, BishoPcg_„ad; street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxfo r d- s t ree t ; Strno, 54, Upper Baker-street; 103, Tottenham-court-roadL oi o Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; '' B t, Brothers, 65, High-street ; and St u bb s, Q ueen ' s-ter race' John's-wood, London; and all respectable grocers Old mists.—Beware of spuriou s imitations. Births. Bnucm—On tho 27th inst., at Doon, the wife of CaY" 4 , Bruce, RN., Admiralty Superintendent, of a daugu"v, LISTER—On the 28th inst., at 61, Eaton-square, W s ' Lister, of a daughter. PEACH.—On the 28th inst., at Jellicote House, SbiPs t°2l‘ on-Stour, Mrs. Keighly co of a daughter. SPINS-On the 29th inst , at Shoreham Cotttlet c ; al Sevenoaks, Kent, the w if e . of Thomas Spinks, a daughter. itivd STAPPYLTON—On the 26th inst., at R oss b oro ugh, the - Barbara Chetwynd Stappylton, of a daughter. Marriages. le Aitirrow—ALTHoE—On the 28th inst., at Freshwawi ter of Wight, Edward N. Ayrton, of Li nco ln's-inn, ballot% at-law, to Emma Sophia Alth o f, e ld es t daughter of 11. Althof, of Munster, Westphalia. ffo r KEsTni—Grßsorr —On the 28th inst., at SL Georg?% Q . o ll over-square, Walter J. Kestin, Esq., to .Ann ibs° ie of Victoria, third dau g ht er o f C ap t a i n S. C. G Thornhill-crescent, Islington. Deaths. BAGG—On the 27th inst. at at Talbot-terrace, Thos. 33 ' 155 ' Esq., aged 86. • • il °I - L , COPEMAN— On the 27th inst., R o bert Copeman , Es''' Hemsby Hall, county of Norfolk, aged 93. HUNTER—On the 26th inst., at Tillery genie, A b°l•dee°' shire, John C. Hunter, Esq., of Tillery. a , HENDERSON—On the 28th inst., at 24, Commerc ial-ro, j, Peckham, Mr. Robert Henderson, representati ve 0 Gosnell and Co. and others, aged 36. hie 1 Jot—On the 28th inst., at Maidstone , John H. J O 7 , 16. son of Mary Jane and Henry W. Joy, Esq., age d i 5 h LEIGH— On the 26th inst., at Norwood, the Rev. S. Le aged 44. os t„1 STEWART—On 'the 27th inst. Archibald Archibald A. SteW Sherborne-lane, King William-street, aged 38. _.....---.." --- - - - London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANMZ 11 1 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE Surf Offoo , 0 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the COUP" Middlosesc-Thursday, August 30,1880.) ,(1 4 Fi l °ll st d y o potelltsi,e/12! kec ta t 'AIII b ' 4 Ar e ,. R th t qlee s or ft ' i L N R; the et'k on th" -v 4teeil co co: ( t \ d~ 11 t~ It i s got n ,„ Sold uy. B .G Obs e 4 final -......___ 14 Pt;t opOm 1 1° 1 able f, fp u l r vs- • Till t th e DgY t A'illi n Pg it tal s ti ekeof