The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-19 00:00:00

TII EATR E-R OYA L, DRURY-LANE, Managers. Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, Tom Taylor's Play of THE ttaFOOL'S REVENGE. Mr. Phelps; Messrs. H. Sinc lair, A. yner, E. Phelps, G. F. Neville, Miss Atkinson, and sirs. Ilerinann Vezln. Aft er which, on a scale of gre it splendour, Milton's Mask of CO3HIS : Messrs. Walter Lacy, Ns illaye Cooper, liemi Drayton, Miss Poole, Miss Augusta Th,TUSOII, and Mrs. H. Vezio. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessen. Mf. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, MYNITHER. Mr. Chip pendale ; Miss N. Moore, Miss s,nowdoOu, Miss F. Wright, Ac. Alter which, THE, OMAN INBraid MAUVE. M Me esdames ssrs. Sothern, Compton, How W e, Farren, , Szc ; Stuart, Lovell, Buckstone, Followed by LORD DUNDREARY MARRIED AND DONE FOR Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. And EASY SHAVING. Miss Louise Keeley, Miss F. Wright ; wes.rs. Clark, Gordon, Rogers, ,to. To commence at 7. N EW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI._ and 3.1an,.,r. c i. 11. aorler. T 0-1 N IGHT, THE LOVE CHASE. Wildrake (his origi nal chan.cter), Mr. B. Webster. Messrs, Billin4ton, Ashley, Stephenson. Widow 6reen ,23d Uwe), Mrs. Stirling; Con stance )23d time), Miss IlenriettA Simms; Lydia (her 2'.d a ppearance), Miss Sophie Young. After watch, Bth time, a new Extravaganza, entitled PAN ; or, The Loves of Echo and Narcissus. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, 2. J. Smith, R. homer, Miss Wooigar Miss li. Kelly, Miss Lillian Bruce, and Miss A. Seam To conclude with THE STEEPL KCiIASE ; or, In the rigskin. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford ; Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE tinder the Sole Management of Mr. leechter. THIS EVENING, SIMPSON AND CO. Messrs. Sam. Emery, C. Horsman, Collett; Mesdames Elsworthy, Hen rade, E. Boyce, and Mrs. C. Horsman. After which, at half-past Eight, TIIE MOUNTEBANK. Belphegor M ,untebank), Mr. Fecht. r ; Paul (his son), Illa,ter Pechter; supported by Messrs. Widdicomb, Ryder, S. Emery, Fitzpatrick, E. Garden, C. florsman, Raymond, Moreaind ; Miss C. Leclercq, Mdlle. Beatrice, and Mrs. C. liorsman. Doors open at Hali-past Six. The Box-office open daily from Elevin till Five. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. THIS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher. entitled HEAKT-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS. After which, ARRAII NA I OGUE : Messrs. Dion Bouci• vault, J. Biougharn, 11. Vandenhotl, D. Fisher, 1). Murray Mrs. Boucicault and Miss M. Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. noyAL STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manageress, Mrs. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, at 7, CROSS PURPOSES: Mr. Par• Belie; Miss Palmer. After which, at 9. ONE TREE HILL. Messrs. Craven Stoyle, Jame, Belford ; Miss A. Swanborough and Miss M, Palmer. To conclude with PATIENT PENELOPE. Miss Simp son. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied, as soon as published every Eveninz by W. ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, - 21, Old Cavendish-street, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published containing all the LA rEsT AEWS and SPOUTING INTELLIGENCE, by IL W. HARRIS, NeAspaper Agent, 4, Blackfriars-roan, London, S. 4111 E LAST EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing . the Latest SPOUTINCi INIELLIWZ ihun be had Every Evening of U. IL GLICNIE, NEWS ACE.NT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Ilyde-park. A PHOTOGRAPHIC CURIOSITY. With a copy of The snu PRICE 4D. ; STAMPED, 5D.; is presented GRATIS (with a Supplement) A. IMMATURE PHOTOGRAPHED FAC SIMILE of the FRONT PAGE of THE SUN of MONDAY, the 2d January, 1865. *,* For the convenience of Subscribers wishing to preserve the Photograph, a suitable frame is pro vided, and may be had at The Sun Office, price ls. The Photograph, ON CARD, 6d. or mounted in frame, ls. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 7h. 20m.—Afternoon, 7h. 54m. To-Moßßow.-Morning, Bh. 30m.—Afternoon, Oh. 15m. 4, 0 I t i t. 4, , - 41 0 111 41. 44141 VO • LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 19, .1865. The English public will hear with great regret the dangerous illness of the young heir to the Rus sian Crown, just as all the brightest promises of honour and happiness were held out before him. Curiously enough, at the very moment when this mournful intelligence reaches us, public attention is eagerly turned to his native country, where a question concerning the health or sickness, the life or death, of thousands of the population is under anxious discussion. The very full account of the information given to the English Ambassa dor in St. Petersburg respecting the Russian epi demic will enable us perhaps to form a clearer idea on the subject than has yet been possible from the uncertain and conflicting accounts re ceived, and to judge in some measure how nearly the danger concerns ourselves, and how it may best be diminished or averted. It appears from the inquiries put as to the foreign names of the dis ease that it does not offer any new forms of note, that it has nothing unknown to science, and has nothing special but its typhoid character, so that the alarm which spread at the thought that a new and fearful stranger was abroad, making terror more terrible from its mysterious character, may at once be calmed by this information. Typhus and typhoid fever, it is said, always prevail in St. Peters burg in the autumn until the month of November, reappearing frequently in the spring, when the breaking of the ice encourages the return of vagrants and casual workmen to the capital. The present fever is only distinguished from its predecessors by greater violence and extension, though other diseases of a kindred character have shown themselves this year in St. Petersburg for the first time. The most pro minent of these is the relapsing fever, which has often shown itself in other parts of Russia, having ravaged Moscow in 1840. Like all epidemics, it has proved most contagious in the dwellings of the working classes, and its origin is attrib u t e d t o b a d hygienic arrangements, to the consumption of doubtful vegetables, to the immoderate use of spirits made from grain by the lower classes, and to the unusual number of workmen present in the capital last year, which occasioned excessive crowd ing of the poorer houses. To these are also added the frequent atmospheric changes. It is worth while to inquire how far the same causes exist among ourselves, and the first point which strikes us is that the very cause which is so much dwelt upon by the St. Petersburg authorities is present to a great degree in London. Our poorer quarters, always overcrowded, have recently, notwithstanding all sanitary improvements, become more and more densely packed. The " hygienic conditions" spoken of by the Russian doctors are in many of our lanes and alleys very bad even in winter. The food of our labouring classes, though generally far better than that of the Russian peasantry, is often very insufficient, and during this winter the high price of meat has been injurious. The evils attending the overcrowding of the wretched tenements in which so many of our poor live have been again and aga i n thrust upon the public notice, the bad smells, the foul air, the scanty supply of water, the imperfect drainage, and a whole host of other injurious influ ences. But in many of the houses there are actually too many persons for health under the most favour able circumstances, and, when all the other evils are aided to this primary one, it is no great wonder that typhus plays havoc when it first effects an entrance. When such a disease first breaks out in a house of six or eight rooms from the attic to the cellar, what chance is there of escape from infec tion ? Such a case is mentioned in the Registrar- General's report for lad week, i n w hi c h he speaks of the death of a child in a court at Greenwich of scarlatina, three deaths from fever having previously occurred in the same wretched room. It is very difficult for the wisest legislation to deal with such matters. The poor will never cease out of the land, and with poverty is too often coupled vice, ignorance and dirty habits, all powerful allies to sickness and fever of every kind. The over crowding, too, is another difficult question, since the poor people turned out of one part of the town must go to another, already perhaps too closely packed. But because the case is difficult to treat that is no reason why we should do nothing. As well might the physicians of St. Petersburg refuse to deal with the disorder which as yet they are doubtful how best to treat. Bad as the case is, there is much that can be done to mitigate it, and the question is whether we will do it now or wait for the great ex tension of the fever which a hot summer is almost certain to bring without any aid from St. Peters burg. The navigation will shortly be open, so that it is not improbable that the fever may be in troduced into our ports from Russia, and indeed the progress of epidemics is in accordance with such an apprehension. But the great point to bear in mind is that fever is already among us, steadily increasing year by year, and needing an unusually hot season to call it forth to a very great extent. It happens, too, in common with the Russian epidemic, to be a disease especially amenable to human control. Why, then, should we wait until public alarm is excited, until valuable lives are sacrificed, and the disease has gained a firm footing amongst us before we attempt to delay its pro gress ? Let our authorities, public and parochial, look to the matter at once; let them organise proper means of inquiry into the condition of all those districts known as the hotbeds of fever ; let them insist upon the cleansing of drains, the whitewashing of houses, the removal of nuisances, &c., and where the landlord is unable or unwilling to perform his duty, let the public officer be empowered to have the work done and to obtain the repayment after wards. Let every case of fever be immediately removed from the crowded court and alley to the fever hospital, and let the Poor-law Board make it compulsory on the guardians of parishes to send every such case that comes under their knowledge to the hospital, whose funds might receive some assistance from the public treasury during this summer. The importance of cleanliness and ven tilation should be strongly impressed upon the lower classes by employers, by heads of households, by clergymen, by visitors, by parish doctors, and all who come in contact with them. It would be well, too, if our parish authorities would be a little more liberal to those cases of severe starvation, which of themselves encourage low fever in its worst types, and the provisions for the casual poor should be strongly enforced. All these measures should be adopted while the danger is far off, that it may not find us unprepared. Such means and others of a kindred nature will go far to avert any serious evil, and it will be our own faults if after the prolonged warning given to us we are first idle and then panic-stricken. The King of PRUSSIA is determined that the world shall not forget the doings of his army, nor the policy of his Government. Ever and anon some circumstance is found, or some ceremony is made the most of, in order that, with pomp and ceremony, the gallant exploits and wonderful deeds of Prussian valour may be extolled. Yesterday his MAJESTY laid the foundation stone of a monument to com memorate the late war with Denmark. There is not much likelihood of that being forgotten while the pages of history can tell of cruel wrong and re lentless persecution, but it appears that the Prus sians think otherwise, and are too ignorant or too obstinate to see how greatly they have offended against the laws of nations and the claims of justice. It is quite a profanation for the KING to attempt to make martyrs of those who fell victims to the war, in endeavouring to follow out his nefarious plans, and to put into execution his unworthy orders. The sentiment which the KING gave utterance to in per forming his task is on a piece with all the other at tributes of the affair—" To the memory of the fallen, in gratitude to the survivors, and for the emulation of posterity." Certainly future genera tions must be badly off indeed if they cannot select better models than any that Prussia can offer them ; if they cannot they had better strike out in a new line for themselves. It is difficult for those who consider principle the highest consideration to understand how people can have the assurance to go on in the manner that the Prussians do ; but experience has shown that nothing like regret for past errors, or compunction for injuries effected towards others, ever occupies the attention of the authorities at Berlin. The end justifies the means with them, and they press on to that end with as siduity and energy worthy of a better cause and more honourable motives. What may be the im mediate object of such ceremonies as that at which the KING assisted yesterday it is difficult to say. Perhaps it intended to convey the assurance to the Prussians that their rulers have determined to maintain their present policy intact and inviolate, and not to swerve a hairbreadth from the course which has been followed so implicitly by the Berlin Cabinet of late. What else can be the meaning of all this series of monuments, foundation-stones, and triumphant entries. The war, at any rate, was of very brief duration, but the time taken up in dis coursing of it might lead an uninformed person to think that the Prussians had passed through a campaign of the First NAPOLEON'S, or carried a siege of Troy. The scroll that is deposited with the foundation-stone expressly recognises the Austrian alliance. This will, in all probability, prove to be false in its meaning, for Austria has shown unmistakeable symptoms of dissatisfaction at the course pursued by Prussia. In all probability it will not be long before a serious out break occurs between the two chief Powers of Ger many. The Austro-Prussian alliance, which was so mag nified, and from which such wondrous results were expected to accrue, has never realised one of the ex pectations which the sanguine framed for its fulfil ment—it has all along been a failure in respect to unity of purpose and harmony of intention prevail ing ; and now, when it should be reaching the cul minating point of success, it shows every sign and affords every prospect of breaking down entirely and merging into open hostility. The fact is that, for politic reasons, Austria has shown great mode ration, and given in to many of the extortionate demands made by her rival and supposed ally, and hence people have been misled, and have gone so far as to persuade themselves that all the proposals of Berlin would receive the acquiescence of Vienna. The result has shown their mistake. There is such a thing as going too fast in the pur suit of anything, and Prussia has reached this point. From henceforth the communication between the two countries will be zealously kept up and eagerly watched by lookers on. One significant fact may be noted, and most likely this extreme step taken by Austria may be regarded as a herald or precursor of many more striking ones. The Prussian War Minister, Baron Vox RooN, declared that the Go vernment were resolved to "keep and fortify the harbour of Kid." As soon as the telegraph had conveyed . this communication to Vienna decisive steps were taken. Orders were sent by telegraph to intimate that three thousand Austrian soldiers were to proceed from Bohemia to Altona. This shows most forcibly that Austria will not suffer the policy of HERR BISMARK to be carried out, in appropri ating the Duchies to the Crown of Prussia. It cannot be said that the statesmen of the EMPEROR are at all to blame in thus acting promptly ; indeed they are wise so to do, for it has become a " now-or never" policy with them, and time lost at this criti cal juncture may never be retraced. The main ob ject of Prussia is to acquire territory, and this has actuated and influenced all her movements. With great caution and cunning have all her plans been devised, and her purposes put into execution ; but success is always extremely doubtful in such cases, and it is idle to expect that other nations will always consent to be made the tools of others' ambition, and the victims to the greed and grasping of designing politicians. The end of all this plotting and counter-plotting will be that general discussion will prevail all over Ger many, and the effects of the rupture with her natural allies cannot but prove most deleterious to the interests of Prussia. It is not likely that any other Power will suffer so much indeed, because no other State has put itself forward in such a daring and desperate manner, or attempted to gain posses sion of so much territory by unfair means and in unfaithful ways. It is always bad for nations as for individuals to find themselves in times of trial without friends, and this will be the case with Prussia. Those she has alienated by treachery and deceived by specious pretences will be among her bitterest foes, whenever adverse circumstances enable them to set her openly at defiance, and to give vent to their long pent-up indignation. The present confusion that prevails in Germany more than justifies the prophecies of those who last year so strongly denounced the tactics of Berlin policy in all its ramifications. In attempting to ruin others, there is no doubt that this evil and deceitful Power will end by seriously injuring her own resources, and may even go so far as to provoke an invasion of her territory. The Supply of Cotton. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRA)IS.) AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA. (Via Southampton.) The North German Lloyds steamer America, from New York on the Bth inst., arrived this morn ing with 240 passengers, 44 bags of mails, $111,790 for England ; $186,200 for France, and $5OO for Bremen. She was detained in the West Channel in consequence of a thick fog. NEW YORK, APRIL 8 (Morning). According to official despatches, Sheridan, fol lowed by Meade with three corps, kept up the pur suit of Lee in the direction of Amelia Court House since Monday. On Wednesday they reached Get tersville on the Danville-road, capturing at James Cross-roads, five guns, 200 waggons, nine flags, and numbers of prisoners. Lee was at Amelia Court House on Wednesday. On Thursday Sheridan reported as follows : " The enemy made a stand at the intersection of Burke's Station-road with the road upon which they were retreating. I attacked them with two divisions of the 6th army corps and routed them handsomely, making connection with cavalry. I am still pressing on with cavalry and infantry. We have captured Generals Ewell, Kershaw, Button, Corse, de Banz, and Cusliss Lee, several thousand prisoners, 14 guns, two caissons, and a large number of waggons. If the thing is pressed, I think Lee will surrender.'' On Thursday morning Meade was moving towards Amelia Court House, and ascertained that Lee was moving towards Painesville. Meade im mediately changed his course, and marched three columns against Lee. The second corps engaged the enemy nea' Den tonville and drove him across Sailor's Creek. The sixth corps was unable to strike the enemy before he passed. It, however, came up with him in the afternoon, and, in conjunction with the second corps, routed him, capturing many prisoners. Humphreys reports that on Thursday night Lee was in position on the heights beyond Sailor's Creek. The bridges had been destroyed. Humphreys could not pursue rapidly during the night. Generals A. P. Hill, Pegram, and Fitzhugh are reported killed. The following are further details of the occupa tion of Petersburg and Richmond. Davis, together with the members of the Cabinet and Congress, and the newspaper editors left Rich mond on Sunday night by the Danville-road. General Weitzel entered Richmond early on Monday, and established his head-quarters in Davis's house. The mayor had previously gone out to sur- render the city. Weitzel proclaimed martial law, and assured protection to the citizens. 20,000 inhabitants re mained, half of whom were negroes. In Richmond Weitzel captured 500 cannons, 5,000 muskets, 1,000 prisoners, 500 wounded, 30 locomotives, and 300 cars. No tobacco was found. All the business portion of the main street to th© river was burned. The ironclads were exploded, and the Virginia lies sunk in the obstructions above the James River. Shepley has been appointed military governor. He has prohibited pillage. Judge Campbell and Lee's wife remain in Richmond. There is much suffering among the population, rich and poor being alike destitute of food. General Weitzel is supplying all who take the oath. The Tredegar works are un harmed, and the machinery is now under Weitzel's orders. A plan to blow up the city was discovered and frustrated. The Petersburg railroad bridge and the Danville railroad bridge were destroyed ; the former totally, and the latter partially. The mayor of Petersburg surrendered the city to the Federals. The public stores and a few houses had been burned, but the city was little damaged. The Confederates had removed nearly all the artil lery, and destroyed nearly $1,000,000 worth of tobacco. Lincoln visited Richmond on Tuesday, and was enthusiastically received. The Herald asserts that Lincoln has opened negotiations with Judge Campbell for a settlement with the South, and that Davis requested the latter to remain in Richmond for that purpose. Sherman's army was about to move on Saturday last ; the former would probably advance in the direction of Raleigh, and the centre and right to wards Virginia by the Weldon Railroad. An unsuccessful incendiary attempt had been made to burn Newborn. A large cavalry and infantry force, under Han cock, had moved up the Shenandoah valley towards Lynchburg. The naval attack on Mobile commenced on the 28th. Heavy skirmishing took place around Spanish Fort. It is reported from New Orleans on the 6th that Canby was within five miles of the city with siege guns able to shell the suburbs. The attack on Fort Blakeley had commenced. Wilson's cavalry had reached Russelville, Ala bama, and were moving on Selma, Montgomery, and Mobile. Henry Ward Beecher has made a speech depre• eating harsh measures against the South. Friday has been appointed by the Governor o. New York as a thanksgiving day for the recen• victories. Sir Frederick Bruce has arrived here, and leaves to-day for Washington. The Herald says that British troops from Jamaica arrived at Belize on the 24th. The transfer of the troops is caused by Maximilian's alleged intention to annex a portion of Yucatan. Mr. Seward has been thrown from his carriage, his arm was broken, and his jaw fractured. He is progressing favourably. NEW YORK, APRIL 8 (Noon). The most intense excitement was produced here yesterday by the publication of the following despatch, announcing the capture of Lee's army : " Philadelphia, April 7, 1 15 p.m. " J. Cooke has received a despatch from IL D. Cooke at Washington, stating that Lee's whole army is cornered, and has surrendered. This is positive." This announcement was generally believed, and the city was thrown into a perfect furore of excite ment. Immense crowds gathered in the neighbour hool of the bulletins, and the air rung with cheers. The capture of Lee had been previously rumoured, and the despatch from Messrs. Cooke was received as a confirmation thereof. But as the afternoon wore away without any official information of such an important event the public became incredulous, and before night the affair was generally regarded as a stockjobbing canard. The recent important military events in Virginia which have so entirely changed the aspect of the war, are described by the following official des spatches, which are hereby transmitted, in the'order of their promulgation, by the War Department : "Major-General Dix, New York. "War Department, Washington, April 5, 8 p.m. " The following telegram gives all the details received by this department in relation to the mili- tary operations at Richmond not heretofore pub- published. " EDWIN M. STANTON-, Secretary of War. " Aikin's Landing, Va., April 5, 11 30 a.m. " Little is known at City Point. TheF6'ate but few officers left, and these are overwhelmed with work. Lee telegraped Davis, at 3 p.m. on Sunday, that he was driven back, and must evacuate. This I was announced in church. Davis had sold his fur ' niture previously at auction, and was ready to leave. All the leading men got away that evening. The rebel iron-clads were exploded. The Virginia lies sunk in the James River, just above the obstructions. Ewell set the city on fire. All the business portion of Main-street to the river was destroyed. The bridges across the river were also destroyed. Many families remain. Mrs. Lee remains. At Petersburg the public stores were burned, and a few houses caught fire ; but not much damage was done to the city. The bridges there were also destroyed. I will report fully from Richmond. I cannot get a clear idea of our losses. The only General killed is Winthrop. Porter is dangerously wounded in the groin. Lieut.-Gen. Grant has commanded in person since the beginning of the operations. " C. A. DANA, Assist.-Sec. of War." " War Department, Washington, April 5,' 10 p.m. " To Major-General Dix. "A telegram just received from Richmond states that General Weitzel captured in Richmond 1,000 'prisoners and 5,000 rebel wounded found in the hospitals, 500 pieces of artillery and 5,000 stand of small arms. The President went to Richmond yesterday and returned to City Point to-day. The Surgeon- General reports that Mr. Seward, who was thrown from his carriage this evening, is doing well. His arm was broken between the elbow and shoulder, and his face much bruised. The fracture has been reduced, and the case presents no alarming symp toms. " EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.' " War Department, April 5, 11 p.m. " To Major-General Dix. " General Grant telegraphs from Nottoway Court House as follows : " Last night General Sheridan was on the Dan ville Railroad South of Amelia Court House, and sent word to General Meade, who was following with the Second and Sixth Corps by what is known as the River-road, that if the troops could be got up in time he had hopes of capturing or dispersing the whole of Lee's army. lam moving with the left wing, commanded by General Ord, by the Cox or direct Burkesville road. We will be to-night at or near Burkesville. I have had no communication with Sheridan or Meade to-day, but hope to hear very soon that they have come up with and cap tured or broken up the balance of the army of Northern Virginia. In every direction we hear of men of that army going home, generally without arms. Sheridan reports Lee at Amelia Court House to-day. " E. M. STANTON, Sec. of War." "War Department, April 5, 10.20 p.m. " To Major-General Dix. " The following details respecting the capture of Richmond, and its occupation by the Union forces have been telegraphed to this department. E. M. STANTON, Sec. of War. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, APRIL 8, Morning. Money abundant. Gold advanced on Wednesday to 154 and declined yesterday to 147, under a false rumour of the surrender of Lee. The final quota tion was 1491. Exchange on London, 161 ; on Paris, 3.50, Stocks very firm. New York Centrals—lllinois, 100. ; Erie, 671 ; 5-20 Bonds 1071. Cotton quiet—Middling Upland, 33 to 36. Flour declining. Wheat dull. Corn quiet and unchanged. Provisions dull. Coffee slightly firmer. Sugar, good inquiry. Molasses steady. Petroleum crude, 34 ; refined, 52. NEW YORK, APRIL 8, 12.30 p.m. Gold 1501. At the first board to-day New York Centrals were quoted 97 ; Illinois, 100} ; Erie, 67k; 5-20 Bonds, 1061. The City of Manchester sailing to-day takes out $lOO,OOO in specie. The steamer Golden Age has sailed from San Francisco, with $654,000 in specie, of which $70,000 are for New York. The steamers Etna, China, and Teutonia have arrived out: MEXICO. e MEXICO, MARCH 23. Mexico is being rapidly pacified, and the guerillas are disappearing. General Castaguy has burned San Sebastian in Sonora. Romero and three others have been THE - SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENIAG, APRIL 19, 1865 TO THE EDITOR OF THE EDS. SIR,—In calculating the probabilities of the future cotton supply from America, assuming that the war should really be soon brought to an end by the conquest of the South, there is one important element which will have to be taken into account, but which yet seems to have been lost sight of. Let us suppose that the great bulk of the negroes will still be found in the South. Of course they are to be free, and at liberty to work as much or as little as they choose ; or, if they choose it, not to work at all. Now, it may be perfectly true that blacks, if born and bred in a system of free labour, and used to it for genera tions, might work at wages just the same as whites. But what could be expected from whites themselves, habituated to slavery time out of mind, and then suddenly emancipated, and told they were their own masters, and that, too, in a climate where labour is peculiarly irksome ? It is the state of transition between the epoch of enforced labour and that in which the persistent habits of the freo labourer are acquired that presents the difficulty. It may be said that the negro must either work or starve, and that he will prefer the former alternative. Granted ; but he may decline to work any more than just what will suffice to satisfy his simple wants in a climate where the necessaries of life are few, and idleness is the greatest of luxuries. Such labour as this would not be very productive or very remunerative in raising cotton. The negro will show himself very unlike other mon if ho does not show a disposition to enjoy his newly-acquired freedom by a tolerably good spell of idleness and play. A long term of so-called apprenticeship was interposed, in the West Indies, between slavery and total emancipation. Last year General Banks promulgated, in Louisiana, a system which looked very like a restoration of slavery under another name. Of course, if slaveryy is maintained in reality under some new designation, the production of cotton will go on, so far as the changed circumstances of the case permit, as heretofore ; but at all events a long interval must elapse before the supply can, if ever, resume its former condition. —I am, sir, yours obediently, OBSERTER. There was a very general rumour this morning prevalent at the West End that a high legal func tionary had resigned his office under the Crown. The best inquiries have been made into the matter ; but at present we are not in a position either to cox firm or deny the rumour. THE BRIGHTON VOLUNTEER REVIEW.—OFFICIAL RETURN OF THE FORCES.—From an official return made by the brigadiers of the various brigades engaged on Brighton Downs on Monday, and handed to the various Deputy-Inspectors of Volunteers, in accordance with the regulations of the War Office, it appears that, although not reaching the original estimated strength, the field states show a large increase over the number assembled on any previous Easter Monday Volunteer Review day. These returns show the actual field state of the forces to be as follows :—Cavalry, 300 ; horse artillery, 36 ; brigades of field artillery, 1,877 ; garrison artillery, I,oBo—total artil lery, 2,957. First division of infantry under General Rus sell-Ist Brigade, 1,938 ; 2nd Brigade, 1,624 ; 3rd Brigade, 1,426 ; 4th Brigade, 1,759—t0tal infantry—lst division, 6,747. Second division, under command of Major-General Rumley-Ist Brigade, 2,065 ; 2nd Brigade, 2,258 ; 3rd Bri gade, 1.882 ; 4th Brigade, 2,170 ; sth Brigade, I,92l—total infantry, :2nd division, 10,296 ; making a gross total of 20,336. DISTRIBUTION OF NAVAL PRIZE MONEY.—Notice is given in last night's Gazette that preparations are being made for the intended distribution of the tonnage bounty, &c., of a slave dhow, name unknown, captured on the 27th of February, 1863, by her Majesty's ship Gorgon. Similar notice is givenjwith regard to the tonnage bounty of a slave dhow, name unknown, captured on the 14th of March, 1863, by her Majesty's ship Ariel, and a slave dhow, name unknown, captured on the 31st March, 1863, by her Ma jesty's ship Ariel. THE ACCIDENT AT THE BRIGHTON RAILWAY STA TION.—BRIGHTON, Tuesday Night.—This morning, at the Town-hall, John Brooks, engine-driver, and Francis Green, fireman, were charged with neglect of duty, where by the accident occurred on Saturday night, by a Lewes train overturning two of the carriages of a London train, and injuring several of the passengers. Some purely for mal evidence having been taken sufficient to justify a re mand, the further hearing was adjourned for a week, the prisoners being liberated on bail, Brooks in £lOO and two sureties of £lOO each, and the fireman Green in £5O and two sureties of £5O each. All the injured persons are pro gressing favourably. CLOSE OF THE DANISH REICHSRATH.—The pre sent session of the Reichsrath has been closed with the fol lowing royal message :—" We, Christian IX., &c., send our royal greeting to the Reichsrath. We observe witn sincere regret that at the close of this tedious session the matter of the constitution—so highly important to the prosperity of the country—is yet brought no nearer a conclusion. It was our hope that the advance made by our government in this question to meet the views expressed by the Reichs rath would have moved that body to a similar step. We can, therefore, only look forward with sorrow to the con tinuation of the present state of affairs, which will be the result of the constitution question in this session We im plore Almighty God that he may avert every danger which might arise therefrom to our beloved country.—We re main, &c., CIIIIISTLLN R." TESTIMONIALS.—Fortune has various ways of showing her favours. She has all sorts of prizes in her lucky bag. Timkins draws Testimonials. He is mag netised for that sort of thing. Whenever they come within the sphere of his influence, silver cups, and tea-services, and candelabra with suitable inscriptions, fly to him, like tin tacks to a magnet. Not a Timkins deserves these things. On the contrary, a more undeserving person than Timkins does not exist. I have been acquainted with Timkins now for 20 years, and I know him to be a man utterly incapable of efficiently performing any function whatever. I have so poor an opinion of his intelligence and his honesty, that I would not trust him to post a letter for me. If I were to give him a letter, and a penny, and say, " Timkins, oblige me, as you go along, by putting a stamp on this letter, and posting it for the country," I should fully expect Timkins to put the letter in his pocket, and forget all about it, and spend the penny in nuts! And I should not be disappointed. Did you ever know a man who bought pennyworths of nuts, and cracked them with his teeth, and ate them as he went along the streets, who wasn't one of nature's supernumeraries ? In the great Drama of Life he can scarcely be trusted to carry a ban ner. The chief distinction of Timkins is that he has, during his career, mismanaged everything he has taken in hand so entirely to the satisfaction of his employers, as, on every occasion when he has been dismissed from his office, to receive at their hands a testimonial expressive of high regard and esteem.—Dickenio "All the Year Round." executed. Marechal, the commandant of Vera Cruz, has been killed in a skirmish. Mejia informed the commander of the Federal squadron that the American consul at Matamoras had himself demanded his passports. CANADA. MONTREAL, APRIL 8. The proceedings against the St. Alban's raiders on the charge of breach of neutrality have been quashed in order to send the raiders to Upper Canada. A. strong cavalry and artillery force guarded them to the train, the Confederate sympa thisers being prepared to attempt a rescue. The prisoners have arrived at Toronto, and their trial will take place on Monday. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, APRIL 18. The serious Ministerial crisis which has prevailed here for some days past has come to an end. The crisis was caused by some of the Ministers having had the intention of submitting to the Rigsdag the Ministerial scheme of a modification of the Constitution, which had previously been re jected by the Rigsraad. All the Ministers will remain in office, and the sittings of the Rigsdag have been prorogued to-day. FRANCE. The Civil Tribunal of the Seine has just given judgment in an action brought by a labourer named Fallecker against M. Plattel, the owner of a house in the Rue Chabrel, to recover his rightful share of a treasure which he had found while making an ex cavation on the defendant's premises. The plaintiff's counsel stated that while his client was digging on a spot where a stable had previously stood he found an earthern pot containing at least 100,000 f. in gold coins, but that the defendant immediately took pos session of the whole, and afterwards pretended that the t0t2,1 value was only 2,078 f. But the plain tiff, believing his own estimate of the value to be correct, demanded that the defendant should be condemned to give him 50,000 f., one-half of the amount, in accordance with Art. 716 of the. Code Napoleon relating to treasure trove. The de fendant maintained, on the contrary, that he was not on the spot when the money was found, that the plantiff and his companion had filled their pockets with gold coins and gone away before he knew of the discovery ; also that he was aware that his father-in-law had buried money on the premises, but did not know the exact spot ; that he had in formed the plaintiffs of the fact, and stated his in tention to claim the whole should it be found. After examining both plaintiff and defendant, the Tri bunal was satisfied that the sum found amounted to only 2,400 francs, and it accordingly condemned the defendant to pay the plaintiff 1,200 fr., with all • costs of suit. The Correctional Tribunal of the Seine has just been occupied during two sittings in trying a Mlle. Dutertre and her daughter, Mme. S4n6chal, on a charge of having abstracted valuable securities, amounting to 300,000 f., the property of a M. Duval who died at Paris in November last, aged 68, and with whom the former had cohabited for 37 years. The defendants were also charged with having falsely accused the nephews of M. Duval with having par tially destroyed their uncle's will. It appeared from the evidence that on Duval's decease seals were placed on his papers by the juge-de-paix. A notary was afterwards called in to make an inven tory of his property, and two of Duval's nephews, his legal heirs, were present during the operation. No will was found among the papers, but there was a deed dated 18th July, 1859, by which the deceased ceded to his four children by Mlle. Dutertre real estates worth nearly a million, for a sum of 76,000 fr. in cash, and a life annuity of 70,000 fr. Only 3fr. 50c. in money and a number of shares to bearer remained in M. Duval's iron -safe, but the notary found a memorandum book containing a list of shares amounting to nearly 300,000 fr. Mlle. Du tertre and her daughter, Mme. S6nechal, were interrogated respecting the missing shares, but they - pretended to know nothing about them. Two days after the inventory was taken, Mme Senechal produced a will, or draught of a will, written by the deceased, bnt without either date or signature, the top and bottom of the sheet having been torn off. The document made Mlle. Dutertre the testator's residuary legatee, and bequeathed 200,000 fr. to each of the children born during her cohabitation with him. Mme. Senechal declared that she had found the said paper in the room when the inventory was made, and accused Duval's nephews of having torn off the date and signature. Mlle. Dutertre then lodged a complaint against the nephews, but failed to substantiate the charge. An investigation was instituted to ascertain what had become of the missing shares, and at last Mlle. Dutertre gave up a part of them, and her daughter the rest, both declaring that they had re ceived them as a donation from Duval some time before his death, but satisfactory evidence was ad duced to prove that their assertions were unfounded. The Tribunal, after hearing a great number of wit nesses, and counsel for all the parties concerned, declared the fact of the abstraction proved against both defendants, and condemned each to three years' imprisonment with 500 f. fine ; it also ordered the whole of the shares to be given up to the com plainants, and condemned each of the defendants to pay 500 f. damages. On the charge of false accusa tion the defendant Dutertre was sentenced to three months' imprisonment, 100 f. fine, and 100 f.. da mages. BOURSE, April 18.—The market is not very ac tive. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f. 80c, Italian Loan, 65f. 85c. Mobilier are not quoted, In Railway Shares 'very little business is doing, The market closed as follows: 4,1 per Cents 96 10 Do. end month — 3 per Cents. 67 40 Do. end month 67 45 Credit Mobilier Do. end month Bank Shares 8560 _._ Crsdit Foncier 1285 Roman Italian Loan 65 Do. end month 65 55 Ditto Threes — New Mexican Russian — Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt — Deferred .WAYS. Cash. Acct. Orleans Northern 1052 50 ... 1050 Lyons and Mediterranean 960 ... 960 Southern 6OB 75 ... 606 25 Western 532 ... 532 50 Eastern Sardinian 306 25 ... 305 Austrian Lombard 546 25 ... 547 50 North of Spain 293 75 ... 290 Saragossa 377 50 Ditto to Barcelona.. -""" '''''' ••• SPAIN. MADRID, APRIL 18. The Epoca of to-day in mentioning that reports of a Ministerial crisis are current adds : " It is believed that a vote of the Congress alone can upset the Ministry." ILLNESS OF THE CZAREWITCH. NICE, April 18. The Czarewitch, who has been suffering for the last ten days from pains in the head, was seized with a severe attack of congestion of the brain early yes terday morning. Although favourable symptoms set in during the afternoon, the Prince received the last sacraments, in accordance with the wishes transmitted by the Emperor. His Imperial High ness is better to-day. The Czar left St. Petersburg yesterday evening for Nice. COPENHAGEN, April 18. In consequence of a wish expressed by the Czare witch, the Princess Dagmar, accompanied by the Queen and the Crown Prince of Denmark, left at 7 a.m. to-day for Nice. WEST COAST OF AFRICA, LIVERPOOL, APRIL 19. The mail steamer Ethiope, with the above mails, arrived in the Mersey this morning. Her dates are, Fernando Po, March 5; Cameroons, 7 ; Old Calabar, 9 ; Bonny, 11 ; Brass River, 11 ; Benin, 13; Lagos, 14 ; Accra, 16; Cape Coast Castle, 18 ; Cape Palmas, 21 ; Monrovia, 22 ; Sierra Leone, 27 ; Bathurst, April 1; Teneriffe, 8 ; and Madeira, 10. Trade at Benin was brisk and at Lagos dull. A Spanish slaver's crew had been murdered by the slaves on board off Sierra Leone. The Confederate steamer Stonewall was at Madeira on the 31st March. PLYMOUTH, APRIL 19. An accident occurred last night at the Weston Junction of the Bristol and Exeter Railway. The night express train from London to Ply mouth was brought to a stand by an accident to its engine, and a short train from Bristol ran into it. Several persons were severely injured, but no lives were lost. The Great Western night mails for stations be [ow the junction were delayed two hours. MARKETS---This Day. MARK-LANE. Fresh up to our market, to-day, the arrivals of English wheat were very moderate, and most samples were received in but middling condition. Even for trade qualities, how ever, the trade was slow, whilst damp produce was very difficult of sale. As compared with Monday, no change took place in prices. _ _ _ The supply of foreign wheat on the stands was very moderate. The trade, however, ruled inactive,-but without leading to any alteration in prices from Monday. Floating cargoes of wheat commanded very little atten tion, even at the recent fall in the quotations. Spring corn afloat was firm in price. With English barley the market was very moderately supplied. The show of foreign produce on offer was tolerably large. The trade for all qualities was firm at full currencies. Malt was in slow request at late rates. Oats were in moderate supply and steady request at full prices. For beans and peas—the supplies of which on sale were small—the trade was firm at fully previous rates. A moderate business was transacted in flour, and prices ruled tolerably firm. ARRIVALS THIS WEEK. Wheat.Barley.Malt. Oats. Flour. English and Scotch 1,860 240 1,530 650 680 Irish B3O Foreign 1,680 3,390 26,310 750 sks. brls COMPARATIVE QUANTITIES AND PRICES OF GRAIN for the Week ending April 15, 1865 :—Wheat, qrs., 61,605; average 40s ld barley, 22,977 ; 29s 6d—oats, 5,968 ; 22s ld. Corresponding week in 1864 :—Wheat, 67,595 ; 40s ld— barley, 25,698 ; 30s 9d—oats, 6,280 ; 18s. lid. WHITECHAPEL. The trade is quiet, but prices rule high, as follows : —Beef, from 3s Od to 4s 6d ; mutton, 4s Od to 5s 4d ; lamb, 5s 4d to 7s Od ; veal, 4s 0.1 to 4s 10d; and pork, 3s 6d to 4s 8d per Sibs, by the carcase. BOROUGH HOP. The hop market continues firm, at fully late rates. The accounts from the plantations are favourable. BOILING CLOCKS.—A correspondent of the Sci etztifle American says that common brass clocks may be cleaned by immersing the corks in boiling water. "Rough as this treatment may appear," he says, "it works well,; and I have for many years past boiled my clocks whenever they stopped from accumulation of dust or a thickening of oil upon the pivots. They should be boiled in puro or rain water, and dried on a warm otoTe, or near the fire." 1 .1 MITE HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, April 18. The Queen drove in the Great Park yesterday afternoon, accompanied by her Royal Highness Princess Helena, and attended by Lady Churchill, and walked and drove in the grounds this morning. Her Royal Highness Princess Louise went out driving. Prince Leopold, attended by Mr. Buff, took a carriage drive. The King of the Belgians left Windsor Castle to day at a little before three o'clock for Dover, on his return to Belgium. The King's suite consisted of M. Van de Weyer (the Belgian Minister), Lieutenant-Genera the Hon. Sir E. Cust, General Count de Moerkerke, Dr. Koepl, and Lieutenant-Colonel Du Plat (Equerry to the Queen). The Queen, with Princess Helena and Princess Louise, attended by Lady Churchill and Major- General Seymour, accompanied the King to the South-Western station, and took leave of his Majesty there. A special train conveyed his Majesty and suite to Dover. Departure of the King of the Belgians, Yesterday afternoon the King of the Belgians left Windsor for Dover, on his return to Belgium. His Majesty was accompanied by his Excellency M. Van de Weyer, the Belgian Minister, and by Lieutenant- General the Hon. Sir Edward Cust, Lieutenant- General de Moerkerke, Lieutenant-Colonel Du Plat, Equerry to the Queen, and Dr. Koepl, his Majesty's medical attendant. The Queen and the Princesses Helena and Louise accompanied King Leopold to the Windsor terminus of the London and South-Western Railway. The elegant suite of waiting-rooms set apart for the use of her Majesty and the royal family had been prepared with more than ordinary care for the reception of the King and Queen, while by the courtesy of the railway authorities the inhabitants were admitted to the platform to see the departure of his Majesty. The day was beautifully fine, and the attendance of spectators larger than has been witnessed on such an occasion at Windsor for some time ; the ladies, as usual, forming the ma jority. The royal party reached the private station a few minutes before three o'clock, and having alighted from their carriages at once proceeded to the wait ing -room. Here a most affectionate parting took place between the two Sovereigns ; and the King having embraced her Majesty and the two princesses, bade them farewell. The Queen and princesses re mained till the departure of the King. The train consisted of eight carriages belonging to the South-Eastern Railway Company, and in cluded the State saloon, in which his Majesty tra velled. Mr. Godson, the traffic superintendent of the South-Western Company, and Mr. P. Knight, of the South-Eastern Railway, were in attendance at Windsor, and accompanied the train to Waterloo Station, where it arrived at 3.45. The South-Western engine having been changed for one belonging to the South-Eastern Company, the charge of the train was handed over to Mr. Knight, and the journey :to Dover was pursued by way of the junction with the Charing-cross line, and so on to London-bridge, whence the route was of course by the South- Eastern line. At Waterloo Junction the train was joined by Mr. Teulon and Mr. Beattie, directors ; Mr. C. W. Eborall, the general manager ; and Mr. Walker, superintendent of the telegraphic depart ment of the South-Eastern. On reaching Dover, at a few minutes past six o'clock, the King of the Belgians was received by Brigadier-General Ellice,' Colonel FeildingMarriott, R.A., Colonel Hamlin, R.A., Captain Bruce, R.N., Colonel Wynne, R.E., Colonel Grey, 37th Regi ment, the Colonel Commanding 2d Battalion, 60th Rifles, Brigade-Major Battersby, Captain Gaskell, aide-de-camp, Mr. S. M. Latham, the Belgian Con sul, and a guard of honour of the 37th Regiment, which lined the station, and presented arms, as the band played our National Anthem, and the cannon at the Castle thundered forth a royal salute. His Majesty proceeded to the Lord Warden Hotel, where he passed the night. To-day he will continue his journey to Brussels by way of Calais. DEPARTURE OF THE QUEEN FOR OSBORNE.—The Queen, with the younger members of the royal family, according to the latest arrangements, leave Windsor Castle to-morrow afternoon about three o'clock for Osborne. The Duke and Duchess of Manchester are sur rounded by a select circle of friends at Kimbolton Castle, Hunts. The Marquis and Marchioness of Hastings have left the St. George's Hotel. The. Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby, the Earl of Mulgrave, and the Ladies Phipps have left Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square, for Mulgravo Castle, Whitby, Yorkshire. The Earl of Powis comes to town at the latter end of next week, accompanied by his mother, the dowager countess, and family, from their seat in Wales. The Earl and Countess Fortescue are expected in town early in the ensuing month, from their seat, Castle hill, Devonshire. The Right Hon. Chichester Fortescue, M.P., and the Countess (Frances) Waldegrave come to town on Monday next, from her ladyship's seat in Somersetshire. The Right Hon. Sir George Grey will return to town on Friday evening from Falloden, Northumberland. DEATH OF VISCOUNT UFFINGTON.—The eldest son of the Earl and Countess Craven, Viscount Uffington, expired at an early hour yesterday morning, at his father's house in Charles-street, Berkeley-square. The deceased nobleman was born August 24, 1838, and entered the Ist Regiment of Foot Guards (the Grenadiers) in 1858. For some weeks past his lordship has been in declining health. In consequence of his premature death, his brother, the Hon. George Grimston, in the Scots Fusilier Guards, be comes heir apparent to the earldom of Craven. Rome is now as full as it can hold of visitors. A few nights ago some people arriving from Naples were unable to get beds, though they offered 100 f. a bed, and were compelled to sleep in the omnibus. Crowds are going off daily to see the sights in the neighbourhood, and espe cially to Tivoli, where baskets of provisions without end are emptied, and the cascades are illuminated. EXTRAORDINARY ESCAPE OF A BOY.—A little boy named Poole, 10 years of age, had a singularly narrow escape from accidental death at Bury St. Edmunds, a few days ago. With two other children, a boy and a girl, he was drawing water from a well, when he slipped and fell in a depth of some 60 feet, there being seven or eight feet of water in the bottom of the well. It appears that on ris ing to the surface he clung to the rope, and his companions commenced drawing him up. When he had been drawn up a short way he let go his hold and again fell. Nothing daunted, the children a second time endeavoured to draw their playmate up, and were happily successful, when it was found he had sustained no further injury than a slight bruise on the head, and a thorough drenching. MYSTERIOUS OCCURRENCE NEAR BRlSTOL.—YeS terday the little town of Keynsham, situate midway be tween Bristol and Bath, was thrown into a state of excite ment by the circumstances detailed below. Amongst the residents of the town are two brothers, named John and James Fray, who carried on business as blacksmiths, and worked together at a workshop attached to their dwelling. Yesterday one of them, John Fray, was seen to emerge from his workshop and go towards the river, which lies at some 300 or 350 yards distance. Upon his reaching the bank he was observed by a boy to jump into the water, and when there to deliberately cut his throat, upon which he inflicted two desperate wounds. The boy who witnessed the rash act gave an immediate alarm, and a man named Robert Ruddle, who heard him, ran to the spot, and suc ceeded in getting him out. Messengers were at once des patched for medical aid, and Dr. Lodge was soon in attend ance, and sewed up and dressed the wounds, giving, however, little or no hope of the rash man's recovery. On the workshop being afterwards examined, the other brother was found lying on tho floor quite insensible, and with the marks on his head of violence inflicted either with a hammer or some other blunt and heavy instrument. Mr. Nash, surgeon, was speedily summoned. Both brothers lie in a dangerous state, and the suspicion is that John Fray first attacked his brother and then attempted his own life. The police officers are engaged in inquiring into the matter. COMMITTAL OF A SON FOR SHOOTING HIS FATHER. —On Monday, at the Sedgley Police-court, Hezekiah Frost, who was remanded on the previous Monday on a charge of an attempt to murder his father, was brought up charged with the same offence. The poor old man, al-- though in court, is not yet out of danger, There seems to be an absence of any motive, so far as is known, for the purchase of the pistol, except for the purpose for which it was used. The prisoner was committed for trial. Chi 1 0 01, Cut D tqu Zg D 3 D 0 tut- , 1) Itaii ez lon Moo NeNN Pen Port' D, tasi Di Bard Spa! ia 13 N 121, Eiv re Tut' D, et, Ak t im Ilel g 4 -'utc ti ( Pr Eit D'( It4tlil Coil s 1)c