The Sun. — London, England, 1866-09-12 00:00:00

TIIE PUBLIC HEALTH. (I'roia the Registrar-Gtaerd's Return.) General Register-office, Somerset-house, Sept. 10. In the week that ended on Saturday, Sept. 8, the births registered in London'and 12 other large towns of the United Kingdom were 3,884 ; the deaths re- gistered 3,075. The annual rate of mortality was 26 per 1,000 persons living. In London the births of 967 boys and 938 girls, in • all 1,905 children, were registered in the week. In the corresponding weeks of ten years, 1856-65, the average number, corrected for increase of popu- lation, was 1,925. The deaths registered in London during the week were 1,335. It was the 36th week of the year; and the average number of deaths for that week is, with a correction for increase of population, 1,245. The deaths in the present return exceed the estimated number by 90. The weekly deaths by cholera have fallen progres sively. from 1,053, 781, 455, 265, and 198, to 157 ; by cholera and diarrhoea frozn 1,407, 1,045, 649, 394, and 326 to 289. In the East districts the weekly deaths by cholera have fallen from 916 to 74; in the South districts from 47 to 39 ; in the rest of London from 90 to 44. The rate of mortality by cholera and diarrhoea in East London is rather more than double the mortality by those diseases in the whole of the metropolis. Of the deaths in the South districts an undue proportion is still observed ; last week 7 deaths by cholera, 5 by diarrhoea were regis tered in Deptford; 7 by cholera and 4 by diarrhcea in Woolwich, where the rector states that precautions are taken by the Health Committee. The efficiency of the measures in both these districts on the banks of the Thames should be closely watched. Last week the deaths by cholera in the Poplar district were 7, in Greenwich Union, including Deptford and Woolwich, 17. Dr. Frankland has related a remarkable case in which boiling did not deprive cesspool stuff of its poisonous qualities. The experiment is decisive as it goes, and shows the absolute exclusion of sewage from water for domestic use. Boiling the water is a useful precaution, but Dr. Frankland prefers fil tration through animal charcoal, or the use of the permanganate of potash. Sporadic cases of cholera have been observed from the cause to which Dr. Franklank refers ; in the dead of the winter of 1838, between the 7th of January and the sth of February, 55 persons died of cholera in the Coventry House of Industry, evi dently from common polluted water, as cholera was not at the time epidemic. In the Union Workhouse of Epping cholera suddenly broke out on the sth of August, 1854, and by the 14th destroyed 23 lives ; " the well of the workhouse was close to the main sewer," and to this "dreadful state of drainage" the fatality of cholera was traced.* In this year epi demic cholera prevailed. The annual rate of mortality last week was 23 per 1,000 in London, 24 in Edinburgh, and 30 in Dublin ;21 in Bristol,-21 in Birmingham, 53 in Liverpool, 28 in Manchester, 26 in Salford, 22 in Sheffield, 29 in Leeds, 21 in Hull, 34 in Newcastle upon-Tyne, and 23 in Glasgow. The rate in Vienna was 35 per 1,000 during the week ending the Ist inst., when the temperature was 5.6 deg. Fahren heit higher than in the same week in London, where the rate was 24 per 1,000. The 374 deaths in this city included 64 from cholera. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.475 in. The barometrical reading decreased from 29.74 in. on Monday to 29.21 in. on Wednesday. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 58.5 deg., which is 0.4 deg. above the average of the same week in 50 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The highest day temperature was 69.3 deg., on Wednesday and Friday. The lowest night temperature was 45.8 deg., on Monday. The entire range of temperature in the week was, therefore, 23.5 deg. The mean of the highest temperatures of the water of the Thames was 61.1 deg. ; that of the lowest was 60.7 deg. The difference between the mean dew-point temperature and air tempera ture was 4.7 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 85, complete saturation being repre sented by 100. Rain fell to the amount of 1.91 in., of which 0.90 in. fell on Sunday. The blue mist was observed on Sunday, Monday, Friday, and Sa turday. On Saturday all traces of the blue mist were oblitered by a grayish mist. SUPPLEMENT TO THE WEEKLY RETURN, No. 36, WEST HAM. The registration distrizt of West Ham properly belongs to London, with which it is intimately as sociated. Its four sub-districts are Walthamstow, Leyton, Stratford, and West Ham proper ; at the north-east angle of London, it lies between Epping Forest and the Thames, the river Lea and the Roding at Barking, without touching Barking Creek. It has docks as well as manufactures; and at New Stratford are the extensive works of the Great Eastern Railway. West Ham has been by error left out of London, and in consequence sends down its ample sewage by an independent channel across the northern outfall sewer of the Metropolitan Board to an arm of the river Lea, which Mr. Beard more, C.E., says, " has the disadvantage of being tidal below Old Ford, and is therefore liable to the inflow of impurity from the Thames, and from the sewage of Stratford and West Ham, turned into the Bow Creek arm of the Lea without deodoriza tion." By this unhappy arrangement the tide car ries the sewage of West Ham up and down the river Lea, close to the reservoirs from which Stratford and West Ham proper get water. The population of West Ham was 50,319 in 1861, and has since increased rapidly ; at the rates of 1851 and 1861 it will be 81,718 in the year 1866. Walthamstow to the north is supplied with water from a deep well, from springs, and in part from the Lea-bridge reservoirs of the East London Water works Company ; Leyton is supplied partly in the same manner. The deaths from cholera in these two sub-districts were only 11 in the eight weeks ending September 1. Far otherwise was it at Stratford and West Ham proper, where the mortality in the last week of July was appalling enough ; in one week 45 persons were killed in Stratford, 76 in West Ham, by choler a alone, exclusive of deaths by diarrhoea. The deaths by cholera to 10,000 living were 78 in Stratford and 49 in West Ham proper during the eight weeks ending September 1. The particulars of each case are printed in the supplement, and the mortality should be compared with the mortality by cholera in each of the London districts. Both Stratford and West Ham are detached?rom the main drainage system, and have a system of drainage of their own. They are both supplied with water from the Old Ford reservoirs of the East London Company. DRAINAGE OF EAST LONDON. The drainage of a part of the cholera field by the low-level sewer will not be completed until next 6 Urallaer ; but upon the present emergency, in answer to a n application, Mr. Bazalgette informed the Registrar-General that he should recommend the Metropolitan Board to erect " a temporary station at Abbey Mills to lift the sewage of this district into the northern outfall sewer." The pumping, it is gratifying to learn, was started on the 24th of August, as appears from the annexed letter. It would be an excellent arrange ment, if it were practicable, to pump at least a part of the "West Hank sewage into the northern outfall sewer, and thus further lessen the quantity of sewage in the Lea river. " Metropolitan Board of Work at this gcpartment, Spring_ garthms s : sEngineer's De " Sir,—ln compliance with the request "V l V e . t . 'd SePt. 7. office yesterday, I beg to inform you that the t o e pumping engines for diverting the discharge of tempor ary from the river Lea and Limehouso Cut into the northern outfall sewer, near Abbey Mills, were started on the 24thn ultimo. " I am, Jx., " The Registrar-General." The Registrar-General has received the following letter from Professor Falkland : _ F. W. MAUL." " Royal College of Chemistry, Oxford-street, Sept. 8. " Sir,—ln my report to you upon the water supply of the East London Company, dated August 25, I stated that boiling will not prevent water which is contaminated with ' Letter of Mr. Windus, clerk to Epping Union, addressed to the Registrar-General Noy. 1, 1865. The water is now pure. poisonous excrementitious matter from producing violent cramp and diarrhcea. The case upon which I founded this opinion is the following :—A gentleman and his wife partook of tea made with well-water, which was poured boiling from the teakettle into the teapot. Between three and four hours after partaking of the tea, and after they bad been asleep for some time, they were both awoke by violent cramps, both in the limbs and body, which were soon followed by excessive diarrhoea. The cramps lasted for several hours, and the diarrhcea until the following afternoon. Both patients were affected in exactly the same way. The well-water was suspected, and the well, which was a very shallow one in slate rock, was at once opened and examined. It was soon found that a pipe from a water-closet had burst, and that some of the contents had made their way into the well; in fact, some fragments of excrementitious matter were found floating on the surface of the water. The water from this well vas never I again used, for the well was filled up, and another excavated at some distance, and the symptoms, which were entirely novel to the patients, never again occurred. "The attack took place in a very healthy locality in the country, and at a time When no epidemic diarrhcea or cholera prevailed. Were such an experiment tried now, the result can scarcely be doubted. I am intimately acquainted with the sufferers, and was at once informed of all the circum stances. The evidence afforded by this case is exceptionally conclusive—first, because the parties never, under ar.y cir cumstances, drank this water except in the form of tea or coffee; and, secondly, because they were at the time the only inmates of the house, being without a servant ; there can, therefore, be no doubt about the water having been boiled. The case excited my special interest on account of the unexpected conclusion to which it leads ; and I mention it because it is important, at the present juncture, that we should not place implicit reliance upon a precautionary measure founded upon the assumption that the noxious qualities of the Organic matters of sewage are destroyed by boiling.—l have, &c., "E. FRANKLAND. " The Registrar-General." The Sanitary Condition of the City. The City Commissioners of Sewers reassembled yesterday at Guildhall after their summer recess of six weeks. Mr. Deputy De Jersey occupied the chair, and there was an unusually large number of members present, most if not all of whom assembled together for the purpose of hearing Dr. Letheby's report upon the past and present sanitary condition of the City. Dr. Letheby, the medical officer of health for the City, reported that dUring the six weeks which had elapsed since the last meeting of the commissioners the officers had inspected 1,721 houses, and had made 403 visits to the common lodging-houses of the City, making a total of 2,124 inspections of houses. These had resulted in the issuing of 919 orders for sanitary improvement in the following particulars :-613 cleansing of houses, or parts of houses; 296 amendments of water supply, and cleans ing of cisterns and butts; 165 cleansing and repair ing privies; 107 improvements of drainage, trapping sinks and gullies; 127 orders for removal of dust, dung, and other refuse, besides summary orders to abate overcrowding, &c., making a total of 1,717 items of sanitary improvement in 919 houses. In ad dition to this the common lodging-houses, and nearly all the poorer classes of houses in the City, amount ing to 3,000 in number, had been disinfected with chloride of lime from three to seven times over, and 147 of the public courts had been lime-whited with the view of destroying the filth on the walls. A staff of 16 men had been employed every night in cleans ing, flushing, and disinfecting the 184 courts which the medical officers considered required it, and the streets had been daily watered with a solution of carbolic acid. In the performance of these sanitary works a staff of from 44 to 90 men had been daily engaged, in addition to the usual sanitary staff of the City; and upwards of seven tons of chloride of lime and 1,000 gallons of carbolic acid, besides a con siderable quantity of carbolate of lime, had been used. Dr. Letheby next reported that in consequence of the compulsory disuse of the pumps in the City a large number of stand pipes, provided with a constant supply of water, had been erected, and that great assistance had been afforded in this matter by the New River and East London Water Companies. In consequence of the additional duty which devolved on the Commissioners of Sewers by the provisions of the Public Health Act of 1866, with regard to the supervision of the sanitary condition of the shipping within the confines of the City, the inspector of shipping had inspected 53 vessels, chiefly steamers, lying at Fresh Wharf and Brewer's Quay, and car rying passengers and cargo. Six of these were found defective in respect of the cleanliness and ventilation of the forecastle, where the crew sleep, and the captain of one of them had died of cholera, and his body was taken to an undertaker's in Fore street, Cripplegate, where it was kept until it was buried. Dr. Letheby further reported that the markets, slaughter-houses, and cow-houses of the City had been duly inspected and that the officers had con demned about 30,0001 b. of meat as unfit for human food; It consisted of 84 sheep, 62 pigs, 109 quarters of beef, and 928 joints of meat, besides 327 rabbits, 171 ducks, 55 geese, 2 hares, and 1 buck, all of which had been destroyed. He recommended that in four cases the matter should be further investi gated, with a view to legal proceedings, and he re ported four .cases in which fines had been inflicted for exposing unwholesome food and putrid hides for sale in the City markets. _ Dr. Letheby next reported that the mortality re turns for the last six weeks (319 deaths) were a little above the average (290) for the corresponding period of the last ten years. Rather more than one-third of the deaths (109) had been among children of less than five years of age, and 75 bad been among per sons at 60 and upwards. The chief causes of death were as follow :-I'hthisis, 33 ; mesenteric disease, 16 ; hydrocephalus, 4; pneumonia,7 ; bronchitis, 9 ; con tinued fever,s ; smallpox,s ; scarlet fever,9 ; erysipelis, 4 ; measles, 11; croup, 2; cholera and choleraic diarrhcea, 65 ; and common diarrhcea, 24, making together 53 deaths from tubercular diseases, 16 from inflammatory affections of the lungs, and 129 from diseases of a zymotic character. Of the 65 deaths from cholera and choleraic diarrhea, 12 occurred in the workhouses, which are not in the City, and of the remainder (53), 12 were among children of less than five years of age. So also of the 24 deaths from common diarrhcea, five were in the workhouses, and of the remainder five only were among adults. In the corresponding period of the last ten years the average mortality in the City from alvine flux had been only five among adults, instead of 65, and 22 among children instead of 24. But, although the mortality has been excessive, yet it h as no t reached to anything like the proportion of the neigh bouring districts, or even the general average for the whole of the metropolis. In the eastern dis tricts of London thg deaths from cholera and cho leraic diarahcea during the last six weeks have been at the rate of about 375 per 100,000 of population, and in all London it has been at the rate of nearly 100 per 100,000, where as i n the City it has only been about 47 per 100,000 of the inhabitants, and the mortality from diarrhcea has beCn but 14 per 100,000, while in the other districts of the metropolis it has ranged from was froni 26 in to clin 6 e l d p teor 100,000 of the people. think, firaolcetbais, in that theCity h a large proportion n rn of the aths from das cli other o er p a ' ar o t r ofc h r. ! e l e n r d a e i c h w d h i a e r r r e h t ce h e a e of w d a e s at n h o s cated by the sickness returns for t ' proportion forth e i. from diarrhcea was so l ow . This w h as e C fu i r ty th u er ni i e n n d s i- , which showed that of nearly 1,500 cases. of diar rhcea attended by the u n io n me dical officers of the East and West London unions, only five were re ported as having terminated fatally. Even the cases which were entered as cholera must have been of a singularly mild type, as out of five of 142 which had been returned as cases of cholera, only 13 had terminated fatally, the usual mortality being about one-third. In point of fact, although the amount of sickness recorded on the books of the medical visitors was unusually large, yet it was un usually mild, for of 2,393 cases of alvine disorder attended during the last few weeks by the union medical officers only 21 had terminated fatally. The contrast of this condition of things in the City wtchiiettryhewl, vwheairtkthihtaehad been du r i ng th e same period in the us pe e p a u t la ß t r ie o n ml o e f y w les as s rat e h r oa a snt a sB n to d rioking diarrhoea, while i n : the whole of the City with its 46,000 i n h abitants, there had been but ' eleven deaths from c h olera and six from diarrhcea.. The death-rate from c h o l era .in the City Work house had been nearly 400 per 10,000 persons, four persons,;for population from there had b een 27 deaths from chol while in the very heart of the City it had been only about 2 per 10,000 persons. In fact, if the City mor tality had been equal to that of the City Workhouse, there would have been 3,800 deaths from cholera instead of 53. He would not pretend to account for the remarkable difference in the intensity of the disease, but in so far as it related to the City it was a subject of sincere thankfulness that its ravages had been confined within so narrow a circle. Upon the motion of Mr. Pedler, these reports of Dr. Letheby were unanimously adopted, and ordered to be printed and circulated among the members of the court and the various boards of City guardians. The chairman then moved that the special com mittee appointed on the 31st of July to execute the powers of the Nuisance Removal Acts be continued, and also empowered to carry into effect the provi sions of the act 29th and 30th, Vic., cap. 90 (the Sanitary Act, 1866), within the City of London, and to continue to carry out the provisions of the said acts for the removal of nuisances, &c., and to report from time to time to this court. This motion was also unanimously adopted, and the court was also engaged until a late hour in the disposal of summonses and other business. IRELAND. DUBLIN, Sept. 11. It is quite evident that the citizens of Dublin do not care much about the politics of the Lord Lieu tenant. They would prefer that he had no politics at all, like the Sovereign whom he represents. They do not see the use of his being a busy statesman, because even if his views were acceptable to all Irish parties, he has no power to give them effect. What they wish for is a splendid Court, a noble family at the head of society, who live in a style becoming the dignity of the Viceroy of this ancient kingdom. They have got all this at present, and they are de lighted at the change, irrespective of all political considerations. The popularity of the present Vice regal Court was strikingly evinced yesterday in the crowds which filled the Exhibition Palace, notwith standing the boisterous state of the weather, because it was announced that the Lord Lieutenant would be present. Some months ago, as your readers may remember, Mr. Robert Tennant, a gentleman of position and property in the county of Down, paid a visit to his brother-in-law and neighbour, Mr. Delacherois, who resides near Donaghadee. It was on a Sunday, after Divine service, that he entered the house of his re lative, who held out his hand to welcome him. While he did so Mr. Tennant assaulted him with such violence that he left him almost insensible on the floor. The cause of the assault was not fully re vealed on the trial, but it was understood that it was committed to avenge some real or imaginary injury, of which Mrs. Delacherois had complained to her brother. However that may be, the victim of the outrage did all in his power to save his assailant from the punishment due to his offence. But the udge did not think it right that he should be allowed to escape the consequences of his crime because he was a gentleman and a magistrate. He was accordingly sentenced to be imprisoned in the county gaol for 12 months. Soon after his confine ment it was remarked by Dr. Maconchy, the medical attendant of the gaol, that confinement and prison fare had not the usual effects on the appear ance of Mr. Tennant. He mentioned this singular fact to the Governor, Mr. Echlin, whose suspicions were thereby excited, and he then spoke to the only member of his family who was likely to contravene the prison rules in this case, commanding that per son in the most emphatic manner to abstain from doing so, and insisting upon a solemn promise to that effect. But unfortunately for him the promise was not kept. On the 25th of last month three members of the Board of Superintendence, with Mr. J. S. Crawford, went through the county gaol at Downpatrick. Mr. Tennant was then out for exercise. On entering his cell one of the visitors thought he smelt spirits. He removed a newspaper which lay in a corner of the floor, and found two bottles of whisky, and a third bottle which con tained rum. Other luxuries were subsequently found concealed under the bed—among the rest, bottles of eau-de-cologne, scented soap, perfumery, tea, sugar, cigars, novels, a number of accounts for the supply of miscellaneous " extras," and a mass of correspondence. These discoveries being reported to the Board of Superintendence, then sitting, Mr. Tennant was removed to another cell, the one which he had occupied since March was locked up and sealed, the matter was.reported to the Inspectors- General of Prisons, in Dublin Castle, and Mr. Len taigne went down to investigate the matter. The correspondence, which was of the most private and confidential character, revealed the fact that the prisoner had been supplied with the luxuries through the agency of the member of the Governor's family to whom allusion has been made. When called before the Board and asked for an explanation, the Governor was confounded, and he solemnly dis claimed all knowledge of the infraction of the rules, imploring their merciful consideration of his case after nearly 20 years of faithful service. He wrote a letter to this effect, offering to resign on cons tions ; but fearing that he would be dismissed and deprived of all chance of a retiring pension, this letter was withdrawn, and he tendered an un conditional resignation of the governorship, which was accepted. With regard to the other officers of the gaol who were held responsible for the irregula rities the decision of the board was as follows: " That Mr. Waterworth, the Deputy-Governor, be fined £2O, and severely reprimanded; Mr. Stevenson, the Local Inspector, to be fined £25, and severely reprimanded ; Koster Jennings, turnkey, to be dismissed; James Hunter, turnkey, to be dismissed ; and Nathanial Yates, turnkey, to be fined £3, and severely reprimanded." The Belfast TVhig states that for the Governor there is universal sympathy in Downpatrick : "He is now, and has been for some time past, in ailing health. He is wholly unfitted for any new employment; and of the broad acres once owned by the Echlins of Echlin ville, stretching from Portaferry up to Belfast, not a rood descended to him. Under these circumstances, a strong de sire is expressed by all parties that tho Board of Superin tendence should make a liberal recommendation in his favour to the grand jury, which body should grant him a retiring allowance proportioned to his lengthened and honourable service." The members of the board who conducted the in quiry with the Inspector-General were Col. Forde, M.P., Mr. A. H. Montgomery, D.L., Mr. J. W. Maxwell, D.L., Major Nugent, D.L., Mr. R. Heron, D.L., Captain Despard, J.P., Mr. Wm. Keown, J.P., Rev. J. C. Gordon, J.P., Mr. Robt. Gordon, J.P., Rev. J. H. Freke, and Rev. J. F. Gordon, rector of Annahilt. They adopted a resolution to exclude the press, which has given rise to various rumours with respect to the nature of the correspon dence, which probably have no foundation. The Prince of Wales, as lord of the manor of Kennington, has given £5OO to the Bishop of Winchester's South London Church Extension Fund.—South London Press. r estoring Re 1 i s e t a o r va re e m n e ta die A s, ra r b e n of — t u th best E e abrrY'ms CAnvawraSEMENT ] D cost edat,eliselayoeuss fiat tnydtinhleeaslithts in other - / e ' s oo p d e , rf which ee t containsdigestion , s : h o r n ° e g nerves, sound lu ngs, h ealth times the nourishment tienal regularity, and energy , refreshing sleep, funo g healthy en feebled, removin g speedily a y nd o the most disordered or effectually indige s ti on (dys pepsia), habitu a l constipation, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, liver complaints, ft& ulency, nervousness, throats, catarrhs, colds, influenza, biliousness, fevers, sore ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, in the head and ralgia, irrita'aility, sleeplessness, acidity,p o u n l s, i h t y t seria, neu burn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps,' spasms, heart and sickness, sinking fits, coughs, asthma, bronchitin.a, nausea, plait consumption, scrofula, tightness of the chest , ' painsthe pit pit of the stomach, between the shoulders, ike.cer at ficate No. 29,410. We find it the safest remedy. Andreti- Ure, M.D., I.R.S. ; Dr Harvey; Dr Wurzer ; Dr Shorlandw- I Dr Campbell. We quote a few out of the 62,0 0 cures :—Cure No. 57,314. Tittenson - I cannot express my gratitude for the benefit I have derive d from Du Barry's food. My ap petite is perfectly restored, the pains in my leg, back, and chest are quite gone, and I am fast gaining strength and flesh. Mrs A. Owen.—Cure No. 51,812. Miss Virginia Zeguers, cured of consumption, after her medical advisers abandoned all hopes of recovery. Cure No. 411,832. Of fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spas ms, sickness at the stomach, at, d vomiting. Maria Joly, Wortham, Ling, near Dias, Norfolk.- Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nasing Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts, of extreme nervous ness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d ; 21b, 4s 6d ; 51b, 118 ; 121 b, 22s ; 211 b, 10s.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Phillips, tea dealers, 8, King William-street ; likewise at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 103, Tottenham-court-road ; 96, Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill ; Close Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's-wood, London; and all respectable moue and che• pitete.—Beware of spurious imitationfh TUE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING-s, SEPTEMBER 12, 1860. BANQUET TO PRESIDENT JOHNSON. In reply to the speech of the Mayor of New York in proposing his health, the President spoke as fol lows : "Mr. Mayor and Fellow-citizens--I thank you for the honour conferred upon me, under circumstances which are so gratifying to me, and in saying 'gratifying' I will not indulge in any panegyric. If I were to say less I should not speak the truth, and it is always best to speak the truth when we give utterance to our feelings and sentiments. I thank you from the bottom of my heart for the cordial greeting you have extended to me throughout the day, and for the reception that I have meet here this evening. My lips can hardly find utterance to respond to you in fitting terms for what has been said and done, Oh, believe me, that upon this occasion warm is my heart, and 'willing is my tongue 'to speak, and I would to God it were in my power to give utterance to my feelings and emotions. I shall not attempt to respond to what has been said here, nor to the manifes tations that have been exhibited elsewhere. Ido not in tend to make a speech or an argument, but my intention is simply to give utterance to the feelings of my heart. Wo have lately passed, fellow-citizens, through a long and bloody war, and those who have prominently shared in that struggle are present here to-night. (Applause.) Yes, the army on the one hand (bowing to Gon. Grant), and the navy on the other (pointing to Admiral Farragut), have performed their part in restoring the Government. (Loud applause.) And the Secretary of State—(cheers)--has also well per formed his part ; and, so far as the humble individual who addresses you is concerned, and who has been so cordially welcomed by you to-day, he trusts he has done his duty. (Loud applause.) And I will say in summing up, that I feel the entire Government has performed its duty. But, though the Government has discharged its duty, the work is not yet done. Yet, while we have passed through the shock of battle, while we have been compelled to gaze on fields of carnage and blood, and have so far been suc cessful, there is much more for us to do. I must be permitted, and I hope I shall not trespass on your attention—(cries of 'Go on, go on)—to remark in this connection that the suppression of this rebellion was for the purpose of preserving the union of these States. (Applause.) The rebellion has been suppressed, and has established the great fact that these States had neither the power nor the right, by force or by peaceable means, to separate themselves from us. Now, this ques tion having been settled by the armies and navies of the United States and one of tho departments of the Govern ment, another department of your Government has prac tically declared and assumed, and carried out the doctrine up to the present time, that the Government is dissolved. We contended for the opposite doctrine years ago, that no State had a right even peaceably to secede. One of the means of peaceable secession was that a State could with draw its representatives from the Congress of the United States, and that that would be an admission of their right to do so. We, on the othe r h an d, d en i e d th a t th e y h a d a . . . . right to do that; and now, when the doctrine is esta blished that they cannot Withdraw, and the rebellion is at an end, and the States again resume their position and renew their relations with the Federal Government, we find they are excluded from Congress in express violation of that sacred instrument, the Constitution of the United States. (Applause.) We find that it is in violation of the express terms of the constitution, as well as in its spirit, that States now in this Union are denied representation in the Senate and in the House of Representatives. Now, shall we submit to this ? Will the American people submit to this doctrine ? (Shouts of No, no.') Why, if they do so far as representation is concerned, it is practically a dissolution of the Union. Are we prepared now, after having passed through this fearful rebellion—are we prepared now, , after shedding the immense amount of blood and treasure, and after all the calamities that have been visited upon our people North and South, to continue to exclude those States ? (Shouts of Never, never.') I will ask this intelligent audience, not in the language of declamation, but in a spirit - of Christian kind-- nets, are we prepared to renew the scenes through which we have passed ? (No, no.) Are we prepared to see one portion of this Government arrayed against the other, North against South and South against North ? Are we prepared in this, the most enlightened country on earth, to see brother fighting against brother ? Are we prepared to see this land again drenched in brothers' blood ? (No, no.) Or, are we prepared to bring balm from Gilead--a balm healing in its character, to pour into our wounds ? Now, as an illustration of this, have we not often seen two individuals becoming the most implacable enemies, yet when they came together and coolly talked the matter over, without passion or prejudice, the quarrel was made up, and affection and kindness once more existed between them. The Southern people are our brethren. (Good, good.) They are our fellow-. citizens ; they are part of ourselves ; they are bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh. (Loud and prolonged applause.) They have lived with us and been part of us from the be ginning of our Government and the commencement of the rebellion. They are identified with this country, with its history and prosperity, in every sense of the word. (Cheers.) We have now come together again, both sides understand ing what the difficulty was, the great apple, of discord having been removed. Nov, what has been said with re ference to the gentlemen from the South who met in Con vention at Philadelphia with their Northern brethren and pronounced upon the condition of the country ? Why, it has been asserted that these men's professions of patriotism are doubtful, and that they ought not to be believed. What better evidence can you have of loyalty and devotion to the Government than profession and action? If we have reached the point that all confidence is lost in man, then I tell you that the Government is not so strong as a rope of sand—its own weight will crush it to pieces. Why should a Southern man not be believed ? I do not say so because I am a Southern man, and first saw the light of heaven in a Southern State ; and while I say I am a Southern man I am a Northern man —that is to say, I am a citizen of the United States, and am willing to concede to all other citizens what I claim for myself. Now, the reason why the Southern States demanded secession was that they feared their rights under the constitution would not be preserved to them. But this was a separation, and against the Union. And I took my position in the Senate of the United States, as I have ever done since, that this Union was perpetual—that it was a great magic circle never to be broken. But the reason the South gave was that the constitution could not now be carried out, and so they attempted to separate ; but while the question was proceed ing they established a form of government, and what kind of government was it ? What kind of constitution did they adopt ? Why, it was with some variations the same as that contemplated by the constitution of the United States. They made the experiment to separate, imagining they could live under such a constitution and enforce its provisions. We said, 'No, you cannot separate ; you must remain with us ; the constitution shall be preserved and remain in force.' The rebellion has ceased, and when their armies were put down by the army and navy of the United States, they accepted the terms of the government. And what were they ? We said to them before the termination of the rebellion : Disband your armies, return to your ori ginal position in the government, and we will receive you back with open arms.' (Loud cheers.) And the time came when their armies were disbanded under the lead of my distinguished friend upon the right (General Grant) — (vociferous cheers)—and by the navy under Admiral Far ragut. (Renewed applause.) What were the terms of the capitulation? They accepted the propositions of the Go vernment, and what did they say ? Why, we will return to our allegiance, for we have been deceived by designing men.' Others said, We selected the arbitrament of the sword to settle this question ; the arbiter has decided it against us, and that being so, as honourable and magna nimous men, we accept the terms you have offered us.' Now, the query comes up, will they be accepted? We do not want to ruin them. I have said this, and I repeat it here to-night, I do not want them to come back into this Union degraded and debased. (Cheers.) Are they fit to be a part of this great American family, degraded and debased ? I want, if they come back, that they shall con stitute a part of this great whole, that they shall form a part of the American people in all their strength and man hood. Then they are fit, and not otherwise, to be a part of the United States. (Applause.) But in coming back why should we distrust them? I have just called your attention to the constitution under which they were desirous to live, and that was the constitution of their fathers ; yet they wanted a separate constitution. Having lost the institution of slavery, the great apple of discord, now, in returning, they take up the constitution under which they lived before the one they wanted to establish themselves. Where, then, is the cause for distrust ? Where, then, is the cause for want of confidence ? Is there any ? (No, no.) I do not-come here to-night to apologise for the persons who have destroyed this Government —I refer par ticularly to the leadersr and not to the rank and file who were led astray by them. While Davis and others of that class were talking about secession in the South, there was another class in the shape of Phillips and Garrison talk ing of dissolution in the North. I thought that at ono time there was a party in the South trying to break up this Go vernment, but now we find a party in the North equally anxious to consummate that end. lam against all those who are opposed to the Union. lam for the Union, the whole Union, and nothing but the Union. (Cheers.) Gen. Grant and myself have fought secession on one end of the line, and I tell you we are ready to fight it out on the other. (Applause.) It is a contest and a struggle for the union of these States. The N or th canno t ge t a long without the South, a n d th e S out h cannot get along w ith o ut the North. (Applause.) I ha ve h ear d i t remar k e d, Why, if you let these Southern States in, you will have the Government controlled by rebels.' No ; we want to let loyal men in. If they came in with their 58 disloyal members, how could they control 208 ? Are we to be carried off with the cla mour that, if 58 men come in from the South, the Govern ment goes down to nothing ? Are we a people ? Are we all cowards ? Had they any more power than they had be fore ? Certainly not, Further, let me tell you, that the in terest on the three thousand million of bonds will never be paid except by a complete union of these States. You that fall into this great heresy will reap the same re ward. You that do that now will destroy the Go vernment. We should unite the Government and increase the national capacity. He was proud to say to the people of New York that he was glad to see them that night, and hoped they were willing to live and let others live. New York, this great city, what was the tax ? 518,000,000 for our city. When Washington was inaugurated the whole expense of the Government was only about a million and a half. They should think of it. This city is now more complicated than the general Government was in its origin. This city is destined to perform a great part in the resto ration of the Union. He had told the people this, and opposition to it would be unavailing. He was sure that this would yet be done, and though ho might be called a demagogue, he wished there were more demagogues in the country. Those who differ with him he would bid stand out of the way. The Government is coming together. He would not condemn any one, but would urge all to go on and do good. If ho had erred, he trusted he erred on the right side. If he had pardoned many, it was because he believed they deserved it. He had already spoken long. (Cries of 'Go on, go on.') Tho issue is upon us, and as to the Executive, he had tried to discharge his duty. His record was before them, and with them it must rest. When the people got right the politicians get very accommodat ing. The press might vilify, but it could not change him. He had had enough public life to satisfy any one, and all that he now desired is the union of the States complete. (Cheers.) He would rather live in the affections and hearts of his countrymen than be endowed with any other gift that God can give on earth to man." The band played the " Star-Spangled Banner," and after giving a toast the President sat down. Mayor Hoffman then reminded the audience that the President was on his way to the laying of the corner-stone of the Douglas monument. He con cluded by proposing, " The Cabinet of the United States." Mr. Seward, having been introduced, said : "He belonged here, here in New York, in the greatest single State in the Union. He looked upon New York as the greatest city in the Union, and thanking those present for listening to him, and being in the Cabinet he would tell them one or two Cabinet secrets which should be entirely confidential. (Laughter.) The last time he communicated with the President it was to tender an invitation to dine at Delmonico's, when the President replied that he hoped he would not be required to make a speech there. Mr. Seward replied that he would not be required to speak any longer than he desired, but thought that he had as much interest in speaking as the people had in listening to him. (Laughter.) The next secret was that General Grant and Admiral Farragut had been selected to make the speeches on the way, but he was sorry to say that the arrangement had failed all the way, and the President and himself had been compelled to make all the speeches. The speaker then referred to the calling out of the army at the breaking out of the rebellion. Over a million and a half of this army now sleep in soldiers' graves, and he hoped these Cabinet secrets would be kept. After the election of 1860 he had been called upon to give the people some hope, and he told the people if they would keep cool the then threatening ,re hellion would be over in 60 days. Ho talked with Andrew Johnson, and he was assured that the rebellion would be the death of slavery. _He would not now tell any more Cabinet secrets, but would say that on this occasion he was warned to beware of the assassination of the President at Baltimore. He had, however, met nothing but the kindest reception from the people there. When they came to Philadelphia they found the city entirely ungoverned, and he said, blessed is that city which can dispense with a ruler. (Laughter.) When the party came to New York, all through the streets, from the Battery, there were friends on the right, on the left, and on all sides; over their heads, on the south, on the north, on all sides, were seen thousands of friends He would tell those friends that his military colleagues would never oppress a prostrate enemy that lay at their feet. (Cheers.) He would forgive those who wore formerly his enemies, and, now that they were under the constitution of the United States, they needed no more hard blows. He would now ask Governor Fenton, and othQrs of that political persuasion, how long before the Government of the United States can be restored ? He was in favour of all the wars that the nation might require, but he would not go to war with one leg. People talked of guarantees from the Southern people, but he for one thought it time we had some guarantees from the other side. The South had given all the guarantees we want, and now she should be allowed to an equal voice in the formation of the basis of-the Union. All that can be got has been got, namely, the abolition of slavery, the abolition of the rebel debt, and tho abolition of the right of secession now and for ever. (Cheers.) The States will now settle the terms, and the Union will once more be restored." Mayor Hoffman then gave two more toasts—one for the army and the other for the navy—and the Presidential party withdrew, after a few remarks from General Grant. Admiral Farragut also spoke briefly. After the proceedings had been concluded the whole party withdrew to the front balcony, where the President was serenaded, and where he after wards made a short speech. There were about 80,000 persons assembled on the streets and stoops adjacent, and as the President made his appeafance a prolonged cheering was kept up for some time. After the uproar had somewhat subsided the Pre sident advanced to the front of the balcony and said—. "He would not make a speech ; but, being on a visit to the West, he could not deprive himself of the pleasure of addressing the people-of New York. It had not been his purpose to court or invite demonstrations of this kind, but such a desire seemed to exist in the minds of the American people. He would not claim to be a prophet, nor did ho believe in things that he did not know. The people know, and well know, how to appreciate those who are their friends, and he claimed to have a place among tho number. The people will always, sooner or later, find out who their true friends are. (Cheers.) A nation must first be born, and then sustain itself, and this the people of the United States had done, as exemplified in their wars with other nations. In those wars the people had shown themselves equal to the emergency. His faith was strong, and his confidence was unabated in the people. They had laid a foundation upon the constitution of their. fathers, and the Philadelphia Convention had ratified that by representatives from all the States. (Voices : What about New Orleans ?') The finger of Providence has been visible in the cause of the people. There had bean those who had called him a demagogue ; but for that he did not care, as there is a time coming which will teach traitors at the South and at the North that the Union must be presery ed. He had told the leaders of the rebellion what would be the re sult, and now at the other end of the line are found traitors also, who denounce and traduce him as a traitor to the Go vernment. These men would, if they could, pull down the constitution, and trample it under foot. (Cries of ' No, no.') He would charge the whole Congress to prove that he had abandoned the principles upon which he had been elected because he had opposed the Freedmen's Bureau Bill ? (Cheers). What was this bureau ? Nothing more than the transfer of the slaves from their owners to other task masters who were to pocket the profits; but if the scheme was not successful, the Government was to pocket the loss. The President has no power ex cept the veto, however, and in the exercise of this he had simply done his duty, He would refer his hearers to his past record, and ask them to show any act of his whole life that was not in the interest of the people. He had fought opposition in the South, and be would fight it in the North, and with the consent and aid of the people he would suc ceed. There would be no more rebellions in the South, and he stood now where he stood in 1861. He would again thank his audience for the kind attention with which they had listened to him, and though he might or might not see them again, he would still stand true to his duty and to the Union." (Tremendous cheering). The President here retired 'amid the excitement, which lasted for several minutes. Mr. Seward was at length prevailed upon to make a few remarks, but his voice could scarcely be heard on the street. He said : " Ho was proud of the welcome that had been extended to tho President of the United States. He believed the whole people of the United States would recognise him as a philanthropist. He recognised the principles of the higher Lord which obliges us to forgive our enemies. Why should the Southern people be denied their rights ? Do we fear them, or are we jealous of them ? Not at all. God forbid that we should be jealous of them. Let us, then, close this difference of feeling and make the States all once more united. He was in favour of restoring the old original Union, now that the enemy is dead—restoring the Union as it was under the constitution." (Cheers.) The total value of British goods exported :from Liverpool in the month of July, 1866, was £6,811,763, against for the corresponding month of the years 1865, 1864, and 1863, £5,768,698, £6,393,168, and £5,096,937. The declared value of exports from this port to the United States in the month of July, 1866, was £1,880,607, against for corresponding month of the years 1865, 1864, and 1868, £1,426,068, £1,186,165, and £1,422,119. To the Australian colonies for the month of July, 1866, £134,720, against for corresponding month of the years 1865, 1864, and 1863, £249,292, £131,014, and £166,674. With regard to outward freights, Messrs. Platt and Co., of Liverpool, re port that the dullness for most parts is continued, and that for India and China freights are scarce, and tending downwards; in the Mediterranean a better feeling prevails, and a slight advance has been obtained. " There is no shame to our manhood if we distrust our own ability to endure the anguish of the body. . . It is no secret that of late local anmthesta has been produced to such a degree that the patient, retaining his consciousness, can watch the surgeon's knife as it cuts to cure, and yet be without the slightest sensation of physical suffering."—Daily elegraph, July 13, 1866. "To none is the public more in debted than to Mr. Day."—lllustrated News, page 826, June 9. "Mr. Day has succeeded in robbing tooth extraction of its horrors, and we think we are only fulfilling an act of duty in giving publicity to the fact."—Court Journal, p. 582, May 23. Painful teeth, or diseased stumps extracted without pain. No chloroform, and perfectly safe. Every description of teeth, combining the latest inventions and improvements in dental mechanism, may be procured from Mr. DAY, dentist (late principal assistant to Mr. Eskell, of 8, Grosvenor-street, W.), 281 ,,,Regent-street (3 doors from the Polytechnic). Violent Gate in the Metropolis and Suburbs. Yesterday the metropolis and suburbs were visited by a violent ph of wind, accompanied at intervals by deluging showers of rain mingled ocaasionally with hail. At sunrise, and for upwards of an hour afterwards, the atmosphere was clear and calm, but shortly before 7 o'clock rain suddenly descended in rushing torrents, with the wind from S.S.E., and the temperature became unusually cold for the season, and especially as compared with the past few days. The rain continued to descend with considerable violence until about 11 o'clock, when it partially abated, and was succeeded by a terrific gale, which continued with but little intermis sion till nearly 4 o'clock, mingled at times with driving torrents of rain, and although somewhat subsiding by 7 o'clock, yet up to 9 o'clock there were occasional fitful gusts of wind and indications of a continuance of stormy weather. During the greater part of the day the river steamers found much difficulty in passing through the arches of the metropolitan bridges, especially when opposed to the tide as well as the wind. Numerous accidents oc curred by craft being driven from their moorings both above and below bridge, and in Battersea-reach a skiff was blown over, and the occupants, consisting of Mr. Wm. Broadland, of Chelsea, Mr. S. Basing, of Knightsbridge, and Mr. Jen kins, a printer, of Islington, were thrown into tho water, the latter being unfortunately drowned and carried away by the tide. Thomas Morrison, of the brig Jupiter, of Pensanee, lying off Rotherhithe, also fell overboard and was drowned. On the northern bank of the river, as the tide fell after 5 o'clock, the banks were in many places over flown, and the adjacent lands flooded. Many of the trees in the neighbourhood of Hampstead, Highgate, and Finch ley had limbs broken off and were very much injured. President Johnson. The following is a translation from a Leipsic (German) illustrated paper : " From October 1 to April 1 President Johnson rises regularly at seven o'clock, and from April till October 1 at six, no matter at what hour he may have retired to rest- His chamber is furnished with the greatest simplicity. A large silver watch—vulgo "turnip "—which he possessed as a tailor's apprentice, still serves him as a time-piece. This (before retiring) he always hangs up with his own hands at the head of his bed. In the morning Mr. Johnson first goes to a small bathing room adjoining his bed chamber—for he is a great believer in cold baths, and en joys them to the fullest extent. He then bestows much attention upon his teeth, which are still very handsome, and next upon his finger nails. His toilet is always com pleted in half an hour. Hereupon ho proceeds to his study, where he remains from eight to ten o'clock, reading the papers or writing those remarkable messages' which have so often created a sensation. These he sometimes shows to his friends--the Radicals—before making them public. Before the President enters his study, a servant places a very large coffee-pot upon the writing table. Mr. Johnson has a great love for coffee, and while at work consumes with great gusto an immense quantity of it, but, always without sugar or milk. "No living creature is permitted to enter his study while he remains there, with the single exception of a great black cat, the declared favourite of the President, which, purring, takes its accustomed place on the table to the left of his writing materials. From ten to eleven o'clock the Presi dent receives visitors, petitioners, deputations, &c. At eleven, together with his family, he takes lunch, generally of the simplest description. At table he is quite lively, and generally leads the conversation. At twelve he pre sides at Cabinet meetings, or receives Foreign Ambassadors or distinguished persons who have sought an audience. At three he takes a walk either in the beautiful gardens which surround the White House or in the city of Wash ington. "He usually steps off very quickly—one might fairly call it a sort of trot. Unfortunately he has upon one of his left toes a corn which causes him much pain, for this reason his left boot is always made larger than the right, presenting a curious appearance while walking. M.r. John son smokes constantly, but he has not chewed tobacco (a habit to which he was formerly addicted) since he be came President. His cigars, of the finest quality, of course, are sent directly from Havanna to him by the well-known house of Susini. "At four the President goes to dinner, having first taken an appetiser in the shape of a stiff glass of whisky. During the meal his nearest and most intimate friends post him up in all the most interesting and important items of daily news. Ho is fond of laughing, and a great lover of witty anecdotes. His frugality has almost become proverbial ; he eats very little meat, and never touches pork, especially since trichina have been talked of. He is fond of salt water crabs and fried oysters, and has a passionate liking for rice. At five o'clock dinner is generally over. Various fine Ns ines are then brought in, of which the President takes but very little, closing the meal uniformly with another ration of coffee. .!‘ Mr. Johnson then proceeds immediately to his study, reads the evening papers, Congressional documents, tc., then devoting some time to favourite literary authors, among which Plutarch occupies the first place—this in trans!ation, of course. At eight o'clock the President takes tea with his family, and returns at nine to his study again, where the traditional coffee pot and privileged cat are to receive him in the morning. As from this hour (9 p.m.) none can be admitted to his presence, he takes his ease, and. w orks either in his shirt sleeves or in a great flowered dressing-gown. At midnight he retires to rest, having first paid another visit to his bathing-room. His sleep is quiet as his conscience. No one has ever heard him snore, and he himself declares that ho never dreams. After six hours' sleep he feels perfectly refreshed, and ready to begin his active life again. He is hardly ever sick, but when he feels unwell he cures himself after his own fashion, and never lets a doctor come near him. TowardS the ladies the Presfdent is very amiable and polite, and in his youth is said to have been a great ladies' man. Mr. Johnson is an excellent husband and father, always equal and pleasant in his.disposition, with an open, compassionate heart for all his friends." An American Opinion on, Electoral Reform. Yesterday the Times reviewed, in a leader, some remarkable letters from the London correspondent of the New York Times, describing the late Reform riots in Hyde-park, and the impression made upon himself by the movement in this country. Our con temporary boldly asserts, " that the results of open " ing the door to all comers is a constantly de " ter iorating Legislature, the degradation of " public life, and a degree of corruption in " the management of elections, in England, " the candidate being the victim ; in America, " the Public Administration, intelligent Americans "are astonished to find us desirous of increasing the " suffrage in England. While you are seeking to " give increased power to numbers i ' they say, we, " ' who have tried that system, are anxious to lessen " it.' It has been said that nothing has so "powerful a tendency to moderate extreme Demo " cratic opinions as a visit to America, but the same " effect is evidently produced upon the mind of an " intelligent and observant American by sojourn " and travel in England." The Reform meetings had a highly unfavourable effect on the London correspondent of the New York journal, and he very boldly describes what he saw and felt, and re cants former opinions. He condemns the part taken by a portion of the London Press in strong terms as unjust and untruthful, and describes the movement in a light totally different from that received by the body of American citizens. We are inclined to think the correspondent right to a great extent. A stranger in this country would be impressed by the predominating show of "roughs" at these meetings, but the real heart and strength of the movement is not so visible at first sight. The mass of respectable mechanics and skilled workmen have no wish to see the suffrage go below themselves, and in America the same object is aimed at, viz., to base representation on all classes of the people who have a fixed residence ; who can read and write; have a defined stake in the country ; and a character to maintain. So it is in our colonies, and the ten dency of the Anglo-Saxon race is towards this point. England must lower her restrictive electoral limits, while some of our colonies and America must raise theirs. The history of England shows how corrupt legislation may become when power rests in few hands ; and the history of America shows that a nation may go too far in the opposite extreme. If we could return at once to the days when majors were crying for their porridge; when the best places in this country were given to men who served those in power in the most shameful capacities ; and a drunken fox-hunting squire gave to an equally drunken fox-hunting parson the best living in the country, we would be able 'truly to appreciate to what " rotten boroughs" tend. Like many other great questions, the truth lies between the extremes, the difficulty being to fix the precise spot. We are glad to see observant men write wholesome truths ; and we believe great good can be accomplished in both nations if the keen intellects employed by the Press in each !are devoted to elucidate truth ; im partially to state facts and opinions, untrammelled by party; writing freely their unbiassed judgment on what they see and condemn, and candidly ap prove what they consider commendable in the working of the institutions of the countries to which the Press commissions them. Anglo- American Times, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOUITI4ALS. , 1 TIMES.—Are the recent Treaty of Prague , 3 • : „ 3 tii the one soon to be signed at Vienna between A ll s and Italy, to usher in peace, or something worse tb a u war ? Are we to have a continuance of that Ninon armed peace which for the last score of years bae been the great drag on the wheel of European Pr e : gress ? A cheering answer to these questions ea u ' yesterday from Vienna :—" An immediate reduction of the army in all its departments, and its restora tion to a normal peace footing." This news is a', the more welcome as it follows close upon the repo. r' of a " re-organisation of the Austrian forces, 11 , 1 : tended to double their efficiency." Reforms of the same nature, aiming at the " increase of the effic ient t° strength" of their national armaments, are said be contemplated in France, in Sweden, and in Swl l, zerland itself. We cannot help hoping that the,so improvements in the means of de s truction may 0 ' found compatible with the interests of produalt The first step taken by Austria to double the eit'; ciency of her army is to disband half of it. We h o p t her example will find many f o llo w e r s. Let us tr ust that the maxim, " Make ready for w ar that you mud have peace," may begin to be better understo ou That maxim, properly intetpreted, implies no neces sity for vast standing armies.. Nations are not war like simply because they are milit ar y, nor is th e ! power always commensurate with the number of their battalions: The population of Bavaria is just double that of Switzerland ; the people are of kindred races, equally stout and brave, yet Prussia would at any time rather meet the former than the latter in t he field, for in the one case she would have only to deal with an army, in the other she would have to COn" tend with an armed nation. The armament of the whole nation on the Swiss system is not very burden some even in countries where better military school' for officers were needed, and where a higher degree of training and discipline might be deemed desirable. The first draught of the regular army intended for service in time of peace, as it ought to be supPlic', by strictly free enlistment, might be kept within moderate limits, and, being intended as a nucleus fe r t a larger force, ought to be brought to the high o possible degree of drill and discipline, without ale: ing too great a strain on the public finance, so that the heavy demand on the budget would onlybe mau e l and the forced tribute of blood only be levied 1 1 11 the citizens, when, on the declaration of war' it might become necessary to call forth the second third categories, and meet the exigencies of the Sta." with all its resources. The system prevalent in Prussia at the present day, on which, it is said,. _t h e French Government partly contemplates remodella. its own armament, is not very far from the plan venture to recommend. Only, by adopting our silg" gestion, the Continental States would virtua ll y abolish conscription, except for the necessities open war, and would curtail their powers for te ° vast a military establishment in time of peace. COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. At this day's market there was a good attendance of the town and country trade. Wheat and flour met with a l improved demand, and may be quoted 4d to 6d per cen,, t9 e l and 2s per sack dearer on the week. Oats ld per hils' a , dearer, and oatmeal fairly sought after at 6d per load ad vance. India corn firm. MARKET HARBOROI7GH.—TUESDAY. There was a small supply of wheat; trade ruled s teady at 4s over late rates. Old white wheat, 54s to 58s ; new red, 48s to 54s pe,r,3l, a et stone. Barley, fine, 41s ; other kinds, 28s to 38s per ; (1 Oats, new, 22s to 32s ; old, 30s to 34.8 per qr. .13eans, 46s to 500; new, 48s to 50s per qr. LEEDS—TUESDAY. We have a good show of grain to this day's market, an the attendance larger than of late. There has been a __„frij consumptive demand for wheat at 4s per qr advance 1 . , 1 1 4 late prices. Barley nominal. Qats and beans Wit alteration. LYNN—TUESDAY. New wheat, .52s to 53s ; new red, 48s to 50s ; old wil i r t° ' r 54s to 56s ; old red, 49s to 51s per 36 stone. Barley 'iv° malting, 37s to 40s ; secondary, 28s to 30s. Oats, u e 23s to 25s per 24 stone. Beans, small, 47s to 495. re'. 36s to 40s per 28 stone. GAINSBOROUGII—T UESDAY. where Our market was tolerably supplied with wheat. - - AO was an improved trade at 3s to 5s per qr in favour of n_ seller. Barley scarce, and prices up. Oats sold at late ra w " . Other articles made full currencies. BRISTOL—TUESDAY. The attendance at market to-day was small, and - business doing. Prices remain unaltered. SIIEFFIELD—TUESDAY. There was a middling supply of wheat. Trade rat i ll e e ; improved, and late rates advanced 3s to 4s per qr. 1331. ,„ 0 d in good request, at is to 2s more money . O a t s impro' also, at quite last Tuesday's rates. Beans firm. 01 Red wheat, per load of 3 imp. bushels 20 s Od to 2la odi White do do 2lB Od 2 t od New red do do 19s od 2.' o d New white do do 2ls 0,1 23 0, Beans do do '9s Od 2" 0 , A Peas, per qr. Grinding ba ley, per qr ass 34 00dd 42s 0,1 ° 3lalting barley, , o Oats, do F10ur....1s 10d to 2i ad per 141 b. COURSE OFEXCIIANGE—Last Evening' ••• 11 Amsterdam Short. 11 17 11 1 1 Ditto 3 Months. 11 19 12 Rotterdam Antwerp — 25 50 25 5 5° 2 Brussels Hamburg — 13 9f 13 25 13 Paris Short 25 20 25 Ditto 3 Months. 25 40 0 25 5 „. ° Marseilles -- 25 44 vs,, Frankfort on the Maine —120 f 13 3° Vienna — 13 2U 13 30 Trieste — 13 20 291 Petersburgn. -29 6 ' 4 " 4 Berlin Madrid Cadiz 2 Leghorn Milan Genoa — 26 GO 26 9 0 Naples — 26 60 26 7 0 Palermo Messina i 511 Lisbon - bit Oporto —51. f Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. t. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton„ SeP Ditto, via Marseilles Sept' Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet........ • ••-•° -t 4 * Z 2. Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena...• Der: 19. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southamptoo.• SeP" Ditto, via Marseilles Sept' Falkland Islands it. Gibraltar, via Southampton S t; 19 ' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, v i a S ou th amp ton..—Ser Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampt on . Sep t ' . 21. Ditto, via Marseilles .. .• • sot ~ Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton' ....... SW" i s, Ditto, via Marseilles Sep t. S e p t 3lauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via 3larseillei .Ser 1 2 Newfoundland Oat. 4 Portugal ..... •• ••• Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon ....... United States and British North America, by O. tish packet ... . Sep t ' Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry .• , -e• 0 . West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Tenerife ....Oa. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas and t. 1 3 ' Honduras) e t)6, - Cuba and Mexico St.%. Bermuda, via Halifax ce n p Bahamas, via New York. Sep j Births. CARDEW—On the Bth inst., at Southsea, the Cardew, of a daughter. 17, r'3(1.7 INxEs—On the 10th inst., the wife of G. R. Inner, Norfolk-street, Strand, of a daughter. th Wi fe Ivxmzir—On the 10th inst., at 30, Hilldrop-road , of Henry Ivimey, Esq., of a son. #, 0 1114 AELLEn —On the 11th inst., at 20, Hyde-park-ga — :ort• the wife of Lt.-Col. Miller, late 11th Hussars, of - Marriages. 3 1131e ll S''4 FRADGLEY—PHILBRICK—On the Bth inst. at at S-• `f t - Church, Devizes, John A. Fradgley, second so l doo , late Wm. Fradgley, Esq., Stock Exchange, 1a.° 1 ',1101 04 Annie Eliza, third daughter of the late John Esq., Katesgrove, Reading. Wirt SMITH—BAILEY—On the Bth inst. at at the parish c To y. Wyke Regis, Dorsetshire, Captain Percy Sol,it li Sl it a ri t Ls Engineers, eldest son of Colonel J. T. Smi t n n IP Engineers, to Jennie, second daughter of CaPi lt Bailey, late R.N. e Wm. a th 8 B . ODEN-On the Bth inst., p • ..,, 0 OP B.; Cloveden, Somerset, aged 83. Cl t oss CLArrox-On the 10th Ric ha rd - oden, Esq Si- - ° inst., al, Hoxton, Esq., aged 63. i ;„ 00/i CRAMPTON-On the Bth inst., in London, Cecil Phi.of tbe son of the late Right Hon. P. C. Crampton, Judge ° Court of Queen's Bench, Ireland, aged 19. ,A3, l'• CASEY-On the Bth inst., at Fowlby, near W r ak e rntri' Page Casey, Esq., Captain Royal Marines Lt• 1n n ,.. 9 '," 0 0 4 FOYLE-On the 7th inst., at St. Helier, Jersq;,„l. o - of % D'Oyle, Esq., son of the late T. D'Oyly, ESCI77 ''''' Harley-street, sergeant-at-law, aged 45. lo ol 3' JOYCE-On the Bth hist Mr. H. Joyce, of 125 Fenc ~ street. 11 a 1- 6, MooRE-On the 9th inst., John Moore, Esq., of all Little Earl-street, Soho, aged 63. ; J. I $ cOtt SCOTT- On the 9th • - ll ' est-gate, Esgelc Esq., aged 38. - - -- --- London : Printed and Published byWIL LIAg A- 140. 1 1 $5 of No. 112, Strand, Painter, at TITS SUN Oiroe_. n ri 0 Strand, in the Prxdnet of the Savoy, in the iO' - 1111ddlesex.-Wednesday, September 12,18 e• NP, of tert ai :lVA,) fv _ Ment th, A 2tr ti IkE '4liB * eel p . mottl lt os p ri ar Z 1 1 8014 in B th e , A *11(4 8,11 gi Obs e It yv e t , 11 , (In qrS sLi !te e MIA tnlaPpl TO LE' kbi o Thir( for for P„ 0()U1‘11 tikr r DR if RD, I lk to en ') and kin the a Nrtt es 44cler I; t i d t ‘e r t :b a ti n '::l' t els : ':ll:rit : t l itiet y l o y b :Oi s n i c er‘ t i2 g o e: t e n :re t a f il ot yra e , or t° on 1 44 4 4 11 de , ua tar °l 3 °: 11 % ,, 41 o I bo l t-ee ? ll t i l 41,C e i c t i lo r , Thi • ‘ ‘ ll ()le s s 11( eleou ll r e 9 Y, or .6.; n 1 1 3 co„ rtlit ~,, the rptt , it , D A 1 t he y, th e 4 3:Wi1l I, 111 ' ~, li. t( . Ib ort ale; t i 4 8 t e e °I h tl