The Sun. — London, England, 1865-10-31 00:00:00

The Oil Regions of Pennsylvania• (From the Correspondent of the Times.) PITHOLE CREEK, Oct. 12. The road by which this most curious place is gained from Cherry Run through Rouseville and Plummer, and then through the Woods to the head of this Creek, is in its way as interesting, and in another way, as pointing out (the great lottery and chance of oil wells, even more instructive than that from Oil City. Before leaving the Tar and Blood Farm, our party of 16 in number, English and Ame ricans, made a long inspection of the wells in the neighbourhood. Some were doing fairly, some were doing ill, and the majority were doing nothing at all, so that the almost inevitable conclusion forced upon the mind was that for the present, at least, Cherry Run is pretty well played out. Much of this enforced idleness of the wells is ascribed to the dread ful floods last May, which drowned out scores of them ; much, also, to the undoubted rush for this place ; but even after allowing the widest margin to both these causes, they are altogether insufficient to account for the almost complete desertion of this once famous district. The plain fact is that other regions are considered to pay better, and that, in short, Cherry Run has for the present seen its best days. Of this, however, I shall have to speak more fully hereafter, in pointing out the glorious uncer tainty that more or less attends all oil-well opera tions, large or small. From the Tar Farm the Creek was forded, and inspection made of the Storey Farm, the celebrated Hyde and Egbert Farms, the Dalzell Farm, &c., seeingas we went along the great wells, Maple Shade, Jersey, and Coquette, which were among the first to drive people mad about oil in this country. The yield of all these has fallen off to a mere tithe of what it was at first. Close by the Coquette well was one which had just been struck, which it was stated was flowing at the rate of 350 barrels a day, and which evidently was doing over 200. From this point out there was the same continuance of rough wild coun- try, the track being seamed about in all direc tions with mud-holes, felled trees, and brawling greasy brooks, across which the most primitive and dangerous bridges were formed by the simple expe dient of felling trees across them. Here and there were little groups of wells not yet deserted by For tune, which were pumping busily, and all their log- house shanties round about teemed with life and activity. These, however, were the exceptions, and the open empty huts, abandoned tools, and idle machinery, overgrown with grass, told their own tales in language which could not be mistaken. As the heat of the day was nearly intolerable, and there was still a long ride to go, a halt was called in the shade of the forest, at a place called Sulphur Springs. - - Here in the wilderness the inevitable derrick stood, of course, but the well sunk here never yielded any- thing but sulphur water, which gushes up now inces- santly at a temperature little above freezing point, and so strongly impregnated with sulphur as to taste like liquid brimstone. Its medicinal virtues are said to be very great—a fact which one is willing to con cede on tasting its intense nastiness. No cattle, however, will touch it, no matter what their thirst. From Sulphur Springs the track is a mere rough bridle path through the forest, and any one who knows the silent, monotonous gloom of the Ameri can backwoods scenery can guess how dreary such a route must be. No sound of a bird, no sight of a living thing ; nothing but the huge trees and thick underwood, the latter here and there opening out into patches of coarse rank grass and weeds as high as the saddle ; then a clearing, with its group of idle or busy derricks, as the case may be ; then another interval of forest, mud-holes, brooks, and dreadful bridges, when the path suddenly emerges into light, and, after passing the Humboldt Farm, where the great stills of one of the largest oil refiners in the States are at work night and day, winds up a hill, from which a view over Plummer Valley and Plummer Town can be gained. Plummer is one of the " dreadful examples" of the uncertainty of oil wells. Its natural position, above Cherry Run, its geographical and geological formation, all pointed it out as likely to be one of the best of paying regions in Pennsylvania. Oil was found over all its brooks and under its stones; the air smelt strongly of gas, and brine was said to be abundant between its strata of sandstone. Plummer, therefore, at once became the Promised Land of °Mom. Its acres of uncleared forest sold at fabu lous prices, a town was built, hundreds of derricks were erected, hundreds of wells put down in all directions, millions and millions of dollars spent lavishly, and the result was absolutely nil. Not a " red cent," as they say here, was obtained in re- turn for all this enormous expenditure of capital and industry. Of all the wells sunk, not a single one found as much oil as would have greased its ma chinery. Here in the valley the derricks are as thick as trees, as new and unstained by oil as the day they were first erected. Here all the agencies and offices are closed, all the machinery idle, all the huge vats as clean and as empty as when the coopers finished them. Plummer is not much talked of here. Its mention, in fact, is avoided by general consent, as its very name is not unnaturally thought to exer cise a depressing influence on would-be oil specula tors. It would not be bad policy if those having authority in these regions went to work and cut down all those warning derricks of Plummer, which stand so white and clean and bare, like tombstones in me mory of capital gone beyond all recall. For the rest, Plummer itself is what one might expect under such adverse circumstances. Originally intended only as a temporary abiding place, even this crude conception failed of fulfilment like its oil wells, and thus there are only a couple or so of tolerable wooden hotels, and two or three hundred intolerable log houses. Nevertheless, for a village of such recent growth, Plummer is considered here as "quite a place." Out of this embryo township the path gets if pos sible worse than ever, and teams going back to Pit hole laden with coals and produce, or teams coming from Pithole laden with oil, begin to straggle over the face of the country, converging here and there in some favourite pass where horsemen and waggons flounder, struggle, and splash alike in muddy hope lessness for half a mile or so. It is painful to see how horses are treated here, and the more noticeable from the considerate and unvarying gentleness with which Americans through the States generally ma nage their cattle. But what they have to endure in the mud is as nothing to what they suffer on the cor duroy road over the hills to Pithole. " A corduroy road" m eans a passage th roug h a forest where no road can be made, and the natural difficulties of which are aggravated by felling trees across the route. I have, however, seen corduroy roads both in Ame rica and Western Canada, where fair progress could be made by horse or light waggon, but that which leads to Pithole is execrable even beyond the limits of the roughest backwoods travelling. It is a mere disjointed litter of branches and trees, amid which, though partially concealed, rises a stubble of sharp brushwood points, against which the horse inces santly stumbles, outting his feet to pieces, and if he passes from a stumble into a fall, it is ten to one he stakes himself or rider, perhaps both. A mile or so of such a route leads out at last upon the crest of a lofty hill, looking down into a very steep wooded valley, both sides of which are roughly cleared to mate room for a large wooden town, which, partly =7l swhite t ac:lanrgisheens,farpartly in its raw shingle oF , hotels, stores, , and wide—stables, houses; This isd pitahnties, building or built, in all directions. begin ning of April was underpaid e u r n p e a l Pithole City, which, in the iedared wood, belonging to an overworked, Now it has from 8,000 to Pennsylvanian farmer. 10 ,000 inhabitants, and is likely, if things go well, to contain. double that number before a twelvemonth more. Everything World hi ng here is so utterly unlike what we of the Old have been accustomed to see that it is difficult to give a description that can resemble the place, a n d quite impossible to institute a comparison that will parallel it. It is at once a town fully occupied though only half-built, a town which is the great centre of the great oil trade, a town littered over a forest amid ragged stumps of pines and girt about with a perfect sea of deep tenacious mud. Yet, un like Oil City, there are no derricks here—all that is in the Creek below. The muddy channels, too, which make the streets are at least wide and spacious, whereas the miserable lanes of Oihlom are often as deep as they are wide. Pithole, in fact, is like no- thing but itself, even in Potrolia, where all is strange. Splashing down the hill to the first street, one gets perfectly confounded by the din of saws and hammers, for everything is being built, or, having been built in a hurry some month or six weeks ago, is already in process of much needed re pair. One one aide is a little row of important agencies and offices of companies, where the rate of prices makes Wall-street vibrate, though they are hardly to be distinguished from the hovels where accommodation is announced for man and beast, and nothing offered which is fit for either. Then come long rows of really good three-storied frame houses, some with their white piazzas runninground each floor, some painted, others in the rough plain deal ; then a new street, the lower floors of the houses in which are being occupied, furnished, and provi sioned while the upper ones are being nailedtogether. Here on one side is a large rough timber building belonging to an equestrian circus, with a gaudy banner announcing that its first benefit was given towards the funds in aid of the Pithole Church; then a long straggling hotel, which is let and crowd edly occupied at one end while the other is being put together, and where each room as soon as it is half finished pays its cost in a week. Then, as the houses get more important, come the stores, the contents of which, as in Oil City, may be known by what is littered outside. Here the majority, whether teamers or oil princes, buy no new clothes while those they have can hold to gether. When either does " rag out," as it is called, he undresses and redresses in the store, and throws the discarded habiliments, which he does not longer want, in the mud of the side-walk before it. If any comparison could be made between this place and what Europeans have seen, it might pos sibly be found in the interior of one of our interna tional exhibitions two nights or so before the time of opening, when everything is, of course, unfinished when masons, engineers, and carpenters are atwork, doing badly in a hurry what should have been done well long before, and when amid the clang of iron and the never-ending din of hammers, saws, and planes, a perfect flood of lost packages keeps arriv ing, and the cases are broken up in the mud outside the building, while inside the other cases are being nailed together to exhibit them. Such, in a general way, is Pithole now. Its sidewalks of rough timber, raised above the mud, are crowded with cases— provisions, groceries, wines, furniture, crockery, all laid about waiting for the hotels, boarding-houses, eating-houses, &c., to be finished before they can be taken in, and in front of each and all lies a danger ous debris among the mud ; old packing frames, broken ware, timber, bottles, ends of beams studded with broken nails, huge stones, submerged plank ways, now and then felled trees, and crowds of tired worn-out horses tied to posts and planks or moored to stones—anywhere, in fact, where the hurried, jaded traveller can leave his steed with a hope of finding it again. Such a scene as this—such a wide spread, well laid out, mixed town of contradictions, where a fine store is jostled by a dirty stable or still dirtier lodging-house, where the telegraph posts, quite as abundant here and rather more necessary than derricks, are represented by pine trees cut short in the middle of the mud—that is to say, the road—any one can imagine. He has only to people it with the muddiest of populations crowding the channels, with overladen teams crowd ing the side-walks, with muddy men who congregate about with note-books in their hands copying down returns of wells, prices of stocks, and amounts for which interests aro to be sold, &c., and then he will have Pithole City before him—a city which is still in the hands of the carpenter and joiner—a city which has nearly 10,000 people trying to make it habitable, but as yet in vain. There are, neverthe less, two good hotels here—that is to say, houses which are awfully overcrowded, but where at least the fare is abundant and wholesome, the sleeping accommodation both dry and clean, which is saying quite as much as a traveller need desire anywhere, and much more than any could fairly expect to find in these backwood cities. For the benefit of any future travellers, I may say that these hotels are the Morey Farm and Chase-house. It is true that the beds and pillows of each are popularly and very naturally supposed to be stuffed with "basswood feathers "—that is to say, with the chips of the hardest timber to be found about here. Yet it is astonishing how soft even " bass-wood feathers " become to those who have had hard riding, or rather climbing, through these wild tracks, and who reach the Morey Farm at night after, it may be, ten, or 12 hours in the saddle, without food or rest. Such a rough peculiar scene as I have attempted to describe is common to both sides of this very steep and picturesque valley, the " regions " or the territory, as here the oil land is indifferently called, lying between the two. A very steep decline leads down to these huge wells, about 150 in num ber, from most of which the oil is flowing, from some only gas, which comes with a roar like steam from a waste-pipe, and which fills the air with a sickening miasma that half poisons those who inhale it for the first few times. All along the way down the hills men are felling trees and surveying the half-cleaned ground, mapping it off by marks upon the pines or white sticks in the ground, show ing the boundaries of acre or half-acre lots which have been let upon the Rooker, Holinden, or Morey Farms, the great prizes in this district now. Lower down the valley the road gets muddier and more greasy, till everything becomes of the con sistency of thick green paint, amid which are crowds of teams, some laden, some empty, but all struggling down to cross the run, some with loads, some to reach wells where the flow exceeds the means of transit ; and where, amid oaths, directions, com mands, and entreaties, the word is passed from team to team that the road to such and such a well is blocked with waggons, when they turn aside and begin toiling through the oily woods in search of roads to other ventures less frequented but equally in want of teams. On the morning when I first visited the Creek two full waggons had broken down in the centre of thelnarrow ford, overturning an empty one and thus effectually stopping the chief route which gave access to the wells on either side. The confu sion then was something almost maddening, as each in turn issued contradictory directions, which few attended to, or only so far followed as to make things worse, if possible. Such a hopeless entanglement as then took place amid the mud and oily brushwood was rare to witness even in the rushes for new wells. Men in the brook, up to their waists in water, were trying to extricate the teams ; men in the tracks, up to their waists in mud, were trying to back their empty waggons out overstumps and brushwood ; on all sides men were rolling barrels full of oil from the overcharged wells ; there were hideous shouts and alarms raised now and then as trees were felled and came with a thundering crash to the ground, and when the confusion was at its height and a heavy blast was exploded an appalling rumour of fire was spread about —a rumour almost as dreadful to hear at Pithole Creek as in a powder magazine. And all this was going on amid incessant cries and oaths, sultry weather and heavy rain, an escape of gas from the wells and the earth that filled the air and made trees, derricks, hills, men, and horses all alike flicker and ripple in the atmosphere like some wild,' unsteady phantasmagoria. It is rather a signifi cant fact that nothing tended so much to relieve this confusion as the false alarm adroitly spread that the great well to which all the teams were pressing had "gi ' n out" and no more oil was to be had"from there. Such a statement did not seem to excite the slightest surprise, and every one took it as a matter of course that that which had yielded fullest was most likely to dry up soonest, and the great mass of waggons turned off to other ventures. T'Ais ruse relieved the rush upon theford,thae way, nd,by breaking up the waggons which stopped the circulation of the traffic was at last restored. When this had been effected our party were enabled to advance, and we soon found ourselves amid a huge series of oily wooden vats, each capable of holding 2,000 barrels, and which stood in great black rows running out from the derricks two and two together, and all joined up at the base by three inch iron pipes communicating from one pair of vats to th e ot h er. This was the Grant well, one of the largest on the Creek. A long ladder between the last couple of wooden tanks gave access to a staging, where a view could be had of the iron pipe which led from the well to the vats. From this the petroleum was flowing in intermittent gushes with THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 31, IE€E. a force as if propelled by a powerful engine. The thick dark rush came in regular pulsations in a great roaring stream of gas and oil, lasting about fifteen seconds, when for about five seconds' interval it only gurgled a volume of fetid gas almost as white and dense as steam. A careful timing of the inter vals of rush and comparative stoppage showed not a second's variation between either, the well yield ing steadily about 1,500 barrels per day—that is to say, in the 24 hours. Half of the yield of this fine property is paid to the United States' well, close at hand, as a royalty for the permission to sink it on their territory. This United States' well is close by the Grant well, within 100 feet or so, yet, as is always the case, they essentially differ both in the quality of their oil and in the intermittent nature of their flow. The United States' pipe pours oil into its tanks with immense force for about 30 seconds, and then has a 30 seconds pause, during which it only pours forth gas of the most terribly inflammable nature. So bad is this vapour even for Pithole that the tanks of this well are covered with huge wooden lids, each having a wooden spire shaped chimney from its centre to take off the gas as high as possible. Yet, in spite of the horrible danger that fire threatens, one can scarcely say that much precaution is taken here against it. I have spent many hours in great powder magazines, yet, on the whole, I would rather pass a month in them than a day by the great wells in Pithole, which are simply as dangerous as any powder stores without one of their precautions. It is true that at every hand's turn one meets the warning notice, " No smoking," " Beware of smoking," " Smokers will be lynched," &c. Yet, in spite of everything, smoking does go on on the sly, when teamsters and others can slip into the brushwood and furtively light their pipes, even though, like miners who do the same in fiery pits, they know that they do so at the risk of their own lives and those of all around them. As an instance, when we visited the United States well, a man in charge asked us to give up all lucifers and fusees before goingup to the flow-pipe. The demand was conscientiously complied with, and the collection from a large party made a pretty good handful, which vas taken and thrown into the stream out side, but so carelessly thrown that nearly one-half alighted on the little wooden bridge across it. The very first group that passed over this bridge trod among the matches, setting them on fire, and there was a rush :and a scurry to hustle them into the stream. Since I was first here a fortnight ago the tanks of the Grant well have taken fire. They did not explode, but burnt out fiercely, burning down 17 derricks, a lot of oily trees around, exploding gas here and there, and generally doing damage to the amount of £25,000 in a couple of hours. This accident happily took place in the night, when the wood was not crowded, nor the teams about. From th 3 States' well we passed to the Sherman well, to No. 110, No. 54, No. 71, and many others. All have the same character of intermittent flow. All without exception flowed at different intervals. Not any two, no matter how close toge ther, gave exactly the same quality of oil. In some it was half brine, half oil, in some equal gas and oil, in some a little oil and a great deal of gas, and vice versa. Some flowed at half-hour intervals, some at three, some at 12 ; some flowed only three hours a day, and for the next 21 hours gave off their gas. Some flowed only three days a week, but all, no matter what the length of interval during which the supply stopped, could be depended on to a second of time to resume it—that is to say, if it ever began flowing again. Some wells here have never yielded oil at all, but are pouring out gas in deadly profu sion. Every one knows that this escape of power is lessening the chance of the productiveness of all wells far and near it. But here every one is for himself, and the owners of gas wells have to be bought off, and thus, as a rule, make as much money as any of the others. Few, on a first visit, can bear the deadly miasma of the gas without temporary ill ness. Yet this first intolerable nausea, which is a compound of seasickness and high fever, never lasts beyond the first three or four days, and after that people not only withstand it, but actually get to like it as having an exhilarating effect upon their spirits. Not only do they like the smell, but the taste, and the men employed day and night in filling the barrels from the bottom of the tanks take from two to three wine glass doses of crude petroleum a day, as an absolute specific against chills, cold, or ague. I cannot appeal to my own experience, never having tried the remedy ; but at least the experience of the people of America for the last 50 years has shown that petroleum oil applied externally cures rheumatism, and certainly the state ments of those here who work, live, and sleep in wet, and whose only medicine is a little crude petro leum, would seem to prove that it has some medi cinal virtues of a high character. Labour never stops at Pithole during the night. The wells are flowing, and those that are not may burst out at any minute. Time also is precious, and drilling for new wells, seaming out old ones, melting the paraffin wax away from the tubes of those that have got clogged, goes on without variation, morning, noon, and night. As darkness falls the iron pipes which give off the gas above the derricks are lit at their summits one after another with a dull exploding boom ; heavy sheets of flame leap roaring and glaring about, and by the light of these, among the woods, men work as easily as at midday. Then the scene is wonderful in its wild, rough picturesqueness, —so wonderful in its curious effects of light and shade as to defy description. It is as if ironworks, coal mines, blast furnaces, and huge gasworks were suddenly scattered pellmell along a deep ravine of an American forest; great masses of pines lit to their very summits by the intense glare, with gloomy avenues of trees so dense that no light pene trates ; men working at the wells, always filling barrels and rolling them away to meet the morn ing's demands ; men surveying, men notching trees, men cutting them down or building derricks ; and beyond all, at either side on the hills above the Creek, there seems a flickering illumination going on, as, amid an incessant tap, tap of hammers, the carpenters keep at work nailing the houses of Pit ' hole City together, or trying to build its timber side-walks so as to make the town not only habit able but passable. BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL HORACE T. SANDERS.—Brevet Brigadier-General Horace T. Sanders, of Racine, Wis., expired in the city of Washington on the Bth instant, of pulmonary consumption. General Sanders was for many years preceding the war among the promi nent lawyers of Wisconsin, and abandoned &good practice to enter the service in 1861. By extraordinary effort his regiment, the Nineteenth Wisconsin Infantry, was raised, clothed, armed, and equipped, and mustered into the ser vice April 19, 1862, and ordered to the Army of the Poto mac. Since then its history is that of the Grand Army in its advances against Richmond. General Sanders' health broke down to such au extent as to unfit him for field service nearly two years ago ; but his ability as a lawyer rendered him invaluable on military commissions and courts-martial. An injury received in one cf our attacks on Drury's Bluff still further incapacitated him for labor, but failed to drive him from the service. He was subse quently appointed provost-marshal of Norfolk, and ac quitted himself in that trying position to the satisfaction of all whose opinions were entitled to consideration. He was finally mustered out of service with the non-veteran portion of his regiment at the expiration of their three years' term of service, and breveted a brigadier-general from that date. Finding himself too feeble to resume the practice of his profession he went to Washington one week ago to ask some appointment from the Government he had literally sacrificed his life to defend, but succumbed to disease before his hopes were realised. General Sanders was an able lawyer, a warm friend, and a true patriot. Secretary Stant on has ordered the remains to be seat to Wisconsin at Government expense, in charge of an officer to be designated by General Augur.—New York herald. James Nisbet, one of the editors of the San Fran cisco Bulletin , was among the sufferers by the wreck of the Brother Jonathan on the Pacific coast, las,t month. The body of the old man was found floating in, I.e ocean, seven miles from land. When it was taken ashore and examined there was found in the deceased's vest pocket a n la g tig c c h al a m ne ly es th fo e r tleif7ible scones about him, and will which was wr itt en a f ter the ship struck the fatal rock. c C a o l n c u t e l a m t i p those o make ldlr t s t nu beneficialch tao writing disposition ww ihlio,mapw o lie f lotiniiul h ,:el i dsl s yst property hobe;ienlnlicooisf,tav he had the cool courage to nla ibnan a e agsh childreniNton f o de l l trh l ha d iegn i itew a: ne gma Tlpsi o eenb s salo t t that was lashing the ocean into foaming billows, and sur roundedout th eir a bay gon to drowning the presents a heroic picture. - Ex-Governor Horton, of Texas, died at Mata gorda on the Ist of September. Major-General Hooker was lately married to Miss Groesbeck at Cincinnati. Governor Oglesby, of Illinois, has issued an ad dress to the Governors of the different States and Terri tories, to be submitted by them to the Legislatures and people of their States, asking more active and efficient co operation in the matter of raising funds for the Lincoln monument. Jefferson Davis was removed on the 2d inst., under a strong guard, from his casemate prison to the quarters assigned him in Carroll Hall. Dean Stanley on Lord Palmerston. The Very Rev. Dean Stanley preached the ser mon at the afternoon service at Westminster Abbey on Sunday. There was a crowded congregation. The Dean took the text from the epistle of the day. Ephes. v. 15—" See then ye walk circum spectly, not as fools, but as wise, redeeming the time, because the days are evil. Wherefore, be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of the Lord is." That, said the preacher, is what they were called upon to do that day, to understand what is the especial will of God in the homage paid to the illustrious dead. Every great man whose ashes re posed beneath that roof was so honoured for a dis tinct and special reason. As each lofty peak in a mountain country is illuminated by the setting sun with a different colour, so with distinguished minds —in the sunset of life they all showed distinct hues. The preacher said he would leave out of considera tion altogether questions of party connected with the late Prime Minister, and confine himself to the simple question, what was . the special intention of God as manifested in the conduct and career of Lord Palmerston. Of all political chiefs it might be said of him that he accomplished the greatest re sults by the lowliest and most ordinary means. It was that which made his life so full of rich lessons— lessons of industry, of application, and of patience in the pursuit of great ends. This was the fruitful lesson which the life of the illustrious departed held up to the edification of the young men of this gene ration—a lesson of plodding, persevering diligence. Not by oratory, but by geniality, good humour, con stancy of friendship, and all the lesser graces, but not the less graces, did Lord Palmerston succeed. The rev. preacher apostrophised those who poisoned discus sion with bitterness, and who pushed views to the extreme, giving no quarter and no indulgence to their opponents, and reminded them that a soft word turneth away wrath. He held out to them the example of Lord Palmerston, who never harboured ill-feeling after the fiercest strife of politics. From a youth of comparative obscurity, and through many shiftings and changes of mature life, there came to him a brighter and serener day in his octo genarian age. Nor let them shut out the encourage ment which this was calculated to give to others by saying that it was the result of an extraordinary good constitution. The illustrious chief did his duty simply, and left the consequences to God. He said on one occasion that he could never com prehend the anxieties of responsibility ; that he took every pains to do well what he had to do, and thus his spirit was delivered from all anxiety. What was the thought that from first to last guided his policy ? An unfail ing trust and belief in the power and greatness and in the future of England. He was an Englishman above all things ; and for that it was that his name was known throughout the world. This was the thought which on that occasion pressed most upon them, even to the exclusion of those higher considerations of a future life, which he would not now advert to. In presence of that still open vault it was the first duty of the preacher to ask what it was they owed to their country. Let them consider England, and what was its origin, its fusion of hostile races, its history, its constitu tion, wrought out amidst so many struggles, its freedom of conscience and of speech, and the sober religious kindness which prevailed amongst us—let them consider these, for they were some of the things that went to make up the idea of England. The maintenance of that England, its future and its progress, depended altogether upon the spirit and conduct of its individual citizens. And to be a citizen of England in its best sense was the highest position which their late political chief could conceive. It was a position to be proud of ; but it brought with it its duties. Standing in the gloom around the grave of that illustrious man, they could not but feel that they were on a turning point of the nation's history whence the springs of political and national life would flow in another direction. The oldest cf now living states men, compared with the deceased, belong to a newer age ; but, after all, it is public opinion which directs. In England public opinion is moulded by every one who has a will and conscience of his own, and on all and each of them it depended whether that public opinion should be depressing or elevat ing, just or unjust, Christian or unchristian ; and thus the characters of our public men were inspired by the whole nation. Still a single resolute mind, a single puro spirit, a single voice praying con stantly on behalf of justice and mercy and freedom had wrought great and beneficial results. In conclusion, the very reverend preacher called upon his hearers in the presence of the open grave of the great departed, to forget those things which, he said, are behind you. Forget in him who is gone all that was of the earth earthy, and reach forward in his character to all that is immortal, the kindness, the perseverance, the freedom from party spirit, the self-devotion which are still before each one of us. Forget, too, in the past and present generation, all that is behind the best spirit of our age, all that is behind the true spirit of the Gospel, all that is behind the require ments of the most Christian conscience, and reach forward, one and all, towards those great things which we may trust are still before us—the great problems which our age may solve, the great facts which our nation alone may accomplish, the great doctrines of our common faith ; that we may have the opportunity of grasping with a firmer hold all that may effect a reconciliation of things old with things new, of things common with things strange, of class with class, man with man, nation with nation, church with church, and all with God. This is the high calling of England, of Engish statesmen, of every English citizen, of the 19th century. This is the will of God. The very rev. preacher was listened to with deep attention throughout a discourse of which the Pre ceding is necessarily only a brief outline. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—In the opinion of many the position and prospects of the Government are not at the present moment fit subjects for criticism in a newspaper ad vocating Liberal opinions, and sincerely anxious to promote the cause of progress and enlightenment throughout these kingdoms. In the first place, an appeal is made ad misericordiam. The case, it is said, is certainly a very awkward one, but then it is nobody's fault. Had the Government of Lord Pal merston been dissolved by a vote of the House of Commons, nothing can be more legitimate than cri- , ticisms on its structure and speculations on its pro spects. But the Government has been put an end to by the inevitable calamity of the death of the Prime Minister. Lord Russell has succeeded to the first place by seniority, being just as much older than his immediate junior in the Government as Lord Palmerston was older than he. The thing is as much a matter of course as that the Major succeeds to the command of the regiment in action when the colonel is killed. Lord Russell is not responsible for the Government which he finds, and which he is bound to carry on as he finds it, and it is ungenerous to be hypercritical upon a state of things which, however unfortunate, is yet nobody's fault. Others are in clined to admit that the state of things is exceed ingly unsatisfactory; nay, thatit is of that kind which is wont to forerun a serious disaster. But what, they say, is the use of pointing out these mischiefs ? Why not leave them to be discovered by adversaries ? And why disclose the fact that things are not as we could wish them with regard to a matter of the first importance in party politics—the construction of that body to which we must look for leadership and direction as well as for the administration of the public affairs of a vast empire ? We do not believe that the existence of so important a thing as a Go vernment can ever be a question of mere etiquette. Lord Russell is Premier to all intents and purposes; as Premier he is responsible for the construction of his Government, for its ability to face Parliament, and for its power to carry on the different depart ments of the State with vigour and success. If this be not done the blame will fall upon him, and not upon the untoward circumstances which have placed him where he is. He has, besides, in his hand the interests and destinies of a great party ; he succeeds to a very rich inheritance. Lord Pal merston has bequeathed to him a nation contented at home, at peace abroad, and free from any serious complications and embarrassments, except the American claim for compensation, hich seems to have been made against us rather for the purpose of being recorded than of being pressed. Upon him devolves the responsibility of continuing this state of things, and he cannot shift it off himself upon any set of men or any conjuncture of circum stances. The proper way to look at the present Government is to regard it, like any other instru ment, with reference to the work it has to do and the power which it possesses of accomplishing it. We only repeat the general opinion of those who have written on the subject when we say that its structure does not do justice to the preponderating influence which the House of Commons claims and has established for itself in the councils of the nation. The same complaint was made, and with great justice, during the lifetime of Lord Palmerston. It was felt to be a great practical evil, as we have frequently pointed out, that the Ministers under whose direction twenty-five millions of public money were annually expended—the Secretary at War and the First Lord of the Admiralty—were not present in the House of Commons ; and the same observa tion was made with regard to the Secretary for Foreign Affairs. There was, however, it must be said, great compensation in the presence of Lord Palmerston. He had the direction as Prime Minister of every Department of the State, and was always ready to give information and answer questions. As far as foreign affairs went, his presence was more valuable than that of the Secretary of State himself. He had twenty years' experience of the Foreign-office, and spoke on the subject with a knowledge and autho rity which nobody in the House could rival for a moment. By his death the presence of both these offices was really lost to the House of Commons. Nor was this all ; Lord Palmerston had not only been Foreign Minister for twenty years: he had been for twenty years Secretary at War, and possessed a practical knowledge of the subject second to that of no one in Parliament. All this is lost to the house on his death, without saying anything of the in fluence of his great age, his historic name, his un bounded personal popularity, his tact, and his expe rience ; for all these losses the House of Commons receives no compensation whatever. We are not now speaking of the loss of Lord Palmerston as the held of a party, but simply of the loss sustained by the Government in the House of Commons. It is really incalculably great. To suppose that Govern ment can be carried on by the same persons with out Lord Palmerston in the house of Commons as with him is really like believing that a watch will go as well without a mainspring as with it. We wish to say nothing of those gentlemen who, with good abilities, excellent intentions, and fair success, either as heads of departments or as Under-Secre taries, have carried on their business in the House of Commons. We only wish to point out that a task which was by no means too light for them while they had the help of Lord Palmerston must be utterly beyond their strength when that help is withdrawn. We cannot help thinking it is better to look to these things at once, instead of waiting till practical experience has shown the truth of what everybody knows and everybody anticipates. It is also to be remarked that the old complaint which was so strongly made against the Whig Government of 1846 bids fair to renew itself. The Govern ment without Lord Palmerston, and with the addition of Lord Clarendon, is assuming once more the air of an arrangement by which place and power are distributed among a few great families. Mr. Gladstone is the striking exception ; but Mr. Gladstone is declared too young for the first place, and almost every other member of the Cabinet can trace his position to some other influence beyond his personal merits and abilities. These things are naturally regarded with dislike by the House of Commons—a dislike not removed by the allotment of a few, a very few minor offices, whether in the Cabinet or out of it, to persons unconnected with a particular section of the aristocracy. Our present rulers are bad nurserymen ; they have planted out no young trees, and when the old ones fall there will be none to replace them. The official expe ls rience which has been. gained lay nearly thirty years of office is concentrated in an incredibly small number of hands, and as the Ministry dies out the Whig party is in great danger of finding itself very much in the same position as in 1831—not without ability and good intention, but almost without official experience. The Government thus unfor tunately constituted has before it the tremendous difficulty of taking some decisive course with regard to Reform. The question can no longer be kept open or trifled with as in the last Parliament ; some resolution must be taken, and upon that resolution the Government must be constructed. We are not offering an opinion as to what that resolution should be, but merely pointing out the expediency of its being at once taken and announced. Whatever the decision may be, when it is once come to it will be quite possible for the present Government to find strength from one wing or other of the party. Till it is come to the task of recruiting is simply hope less. There is nothing for it but to meet Parlia ment with the prospect of not being able to carry the business on through the Session, and then to try the most dangerous and difficult of all party manoeuvres—the attempt to reconstruct a shattered, disunited, and disheartened party in the face of an inspirited and perhaps successful Opposition. It is because ss e do not wish to see these things happen, and because we think if things are suffered to go on as they do now these things are pretty certain to happen, that we raise our warning voice while it is yet time. It is easy to strengthen the crew while the vessel is yet in port, but the operation comes too late on the open ocean, in the face of a heavy gale, or of a victorious enemy. POST.—Lord Russell's Administration will pos sess the advantage of a three months' preparation before the assemling of Parliament. The interval will supply, to a certain extent, a test of what it is really worth ; and the departments whose activity will meanwhile be most conspicuous are fortunately those in which more confidence is reposed than in any others. It will devolve on Lord Clarendon to conduct those delicate negociations which are still pending both with America and with some European States ; and Mr. Gladstone will be occupied with the preparation of another of those budgets which seem to have been designed for the last six years to fascinate the more impressionable of our economists at home. Under the guidance of the former the Foreign-office is hardly likely to go far wrong ; and indeed the substitution of Lord Clarendon for Lord Russell in that department is the only consolation to be found under the heavy blow that both the Government and the nation have sustained. More ever, there is reason to hope that it will now be more than ever the desire of the disciples of Lord Pal merston to yield an implicit following to his policy. Mr. Gladstone at the same time will, it is to be assumed, pursue the financial principles that have already brought him so many votaries. The three months now following are commonly a period of great administrative activity; and if Lord Russell and his colleagues avail themselves of this opportu nity with the prudence which certainly ought to be presumed from their experience, it is possible that they may b e a bl e t o me et Parliament with more sympathy and support in the heart of the nation than probably at this moment exists. We confess we entertain less apprehension for Lord Russell's ability to keep his Cabinet together than we have as to his success in retaining the confidence of the new House of Commons. Our contemporaries have been very free in pre dicting Cabinet divisions, and the breaking up of the Ministry through the formation of different parties. No doubt Lord Russell will elicit a much less willing discipline and subordination among his colleagues than Lord Palmerston did. But it seems to be forgotten that the element of coalition has pretty nearly died out from the Ministry. The Cabinet of Lord Palmerston, it is quite true, was formed in 1859, like that of Lord Aberdeen in 1853, on the basis of a fusion of parties. But during the last six years the Peelite party, as it was once termed, has so fallen away that there are only two disciples of the late Sir Robert Peel to be found in the Administration. The Duke of Newcastle and Lord Herbert are no more ; and one or two subor dinate members of Government, who formerly clung to that party, have also withdrawn. Lord Canning, again, though not latterly a Minister at home, has been also lost to the Peel school. At this moment only Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Cardwell remain ; and even the latter was supposed to have abjured Peelism before the present Cabinet was formed. It follows, therefore, that Lord Russell's Ministry is pretty nearly a homogeneous Whig Government. Even the Lord Chancellor, though he served in the Coalition Cabinet of 1853 was Lord Melbourne's Solicitor- General ; and Mr. Milner Gibson was a member of Lord Russell's pure Whig Ministry of 1846. This state of things presents a curious commentary on the prediction, so common fifteen years ago, that the Whigs were a declining faction, and the Peelites an ascending national party. The Whigs, on the con trary, have fairly worn the Peelites down, though they have sustained quite as heavy losses from morta lity as the latter. Theyhave lately lost by death Lord Pahnerston, Lord Lansdowne, and Sir G. Lewis ; while Lord Grey, their most eloquent advocate in the House of Lords, has deliberately abandoned them. We point out these circumstances, not in evi dence of any intrinsic advantage to the Govern ment, but simply to indicate that, if the Government is to break down through a want of internal cohesion, as is just now being predicted, the result will be a very singular one indeed. Its almost purely Whig character is, externally speaking, a source of great disadvantage and weakness. Year after year the Whigs, as such, appear to exert less influence over the general mass of the Liberal majority in . the House of Commons. It is obvious that the Cabinet requires a stronger and broader representation in that house than it now has. Lord Palmerston's influence and popularity served to conceal the inroad which had been made on the original strength of the Treasury bench in the Commons. Now the losses that have been sustained there reveal themselves in all their reality. The difficulty of making up for them in any way is a great aggravation of all this. Where, in truth, is the Government to obtain fresh strength ? If we look for it in Mr. Horsman or Mr. Lowe, two of the ablest debaters in the Liberal ranks, we must at once be prepared to break with the Radicals on the whole question of Parliamentary Reform. Lord Russell and Mr. Gladstone are surely not prepared to do this. Mr. Horsman and Mr. Lowe have declared as emphatically against Reform as the Duke of Wellington did in 1830. They would not only bring no tail with them, but• would insure the secession of Mr. Bright and his friends. The list of the new House of Commons may. be searched in vain for any name that would add much to the rhetorical or administrative strength of the Government while it would also bring them fresh support in a division. Secretary M'Culloch on the Currency. Secretary M'Culloch has inado a speech at Fort Wayno, Indiana, on the paper currency question. He said:— "Ho was not one of those who seem to repudiate coin as a measure of value, and to make a secured paper cur rency the standard. On the contrary, he belonged to that class of persons who, regarding an exclusive metallic cur rency as an impracticable thing among enterprising and commercial people, nevertheless look upon an irredeemable currency as an evil which circumstances may for a time render a necessity, but which is never to be sustained as a policy. By common consent of nations gold and silver are the only true measures of value. They are the neces sary regulators of trade. He favoured a well-secured con vertible paper currency. No other can to any extent be a proper substitute for coin. It is not expected there shall be a dollar in coin in reserve for every dollar in paper in circulation. This is not necessary for all ordinary home transactions. Paper currency is sufficient, but there are constantly occurring periods when the balance between countries, and in the United States between its different sections, must be settled in coin. These balances are in significant in amount in comparison with the transactions out of which they arise ; and when a vicious system of credit does not too long postpone settlements they are arranged without disturbing the movements of coin. Whenever specie is needed for the purpose, or for any other purpose, the paper currency of the country should be convertible into it, and a circulation not so convertible will not be, and ought not to be, tolerated by the people. The present inconvertible currency of the United States was a necessity of war; but now that the war has ceased, and the Government ought not to be a borrower, this cur rency should be brought up to a specie standard, and he saw no way of doing it but by withdrawing a portion of it from circulation. He had no faith in a prosperity which was the effect of a depreciated currency, nor could he see any safe path to tread but that which leads t o s p ecie pay ment. The extreme high p r i c es now prevailing indica ted that the business of the country is in an un health y con dition. Wo aro measuring values by a fa lse standard. We have a circulating medium altogether lar g er than is needed for legitimate business. The excess is used in speculations. The United States to-day is the best market in the world for foreigners to sell in, and among the poorest to buy. The consequence is, Europe is selling us more than she buys of us, including our securities, which ought not to go abroad, and there is a debt rolling up against us that must be settled, in part at least, with coin. The longer the inflation continuos the more difficult will it be for us to got back to tho specie payment, to which we must return sooner or later. If Congress shall, early in the approaching session, au thorise the funding of the legal tenders, and the work f reduction is commenced and carefully and prudently carried on, we shall roach it, probably, without serious embarrassment to legitimate business. If not, we shall have a period of seductive pros perity, resulting in wide-spread bankruptcy and disaster. He spoke of the evil tendencies of the present inflation on the public morals,' converting the business of the country into gambling, and seriously diminishing the labor of the country. Men were apparently getting rich, while mo rality- languished, and the productive industry of the country was being demolished. He was hopeful that by wise legislation we should escape financial collapse, and that the currency might be brought to a specific standard without those financial troubles which have in all coun tries followed protracted and expensive wars." The Fenian Council have issued a circular calling a Congress of the whole order to moot at Philadelphia on the 16th inst. - - - THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. The third volume of the diplomatic correspondence just published has important despatches concerning Mexican affairs, of which the following is the substanc e. On Feb. 27, 1864, Mr. Seward writes to Mr. Dayton relative to the visit of Prince Maximilian of Austria to Paris, in which the Secretary of State says : " If ho appears there with any assumption of authority or title in Mexico, you will entirely refrain from inter course with him. Should your proceedings becothe a subject of inquiry or remark, you will be at liberty, in the exorcise of your own discretion, to say that this Govern ment, in view of its rights and duties in the present con juncture of its affairs, has prescribed fixed rules to be ob served, not only by this department, but by its represen tatives in foreign countries. We acknowledge revolutions only by direction of the President, upon full and mature consideration. Until such regular authority or recognition we do not hold formal or informal communications with political agents or representatives of revolutionary move ments in countries with which we maintain diplomatic intercourse." March 21, 1864, Mr. Dayton writes to Mr. Seward con cerning the published rumour in Galignani and the London Globe that ho (Mr. Dayton) had intimated a readiness on the part of the United States to receive a Minister from Maximilian as Emperor of Mexico, which report Mr. Dayton, ,of course, denies. In acknowledgment of this letter Mr. Seward says : " Events which have recently occurred in the western section of that country, if they are correctly reported, show that the Mexican national authorities are not likely to be immediately suppressed. It is of course not impossible that new embarrassments for this Government may grow out of the Archduke's assumption of authority in Mexico. But we shall do all that prudence, justice, and honor require to avert them • at the same time we shall not fore go the assertion of any of our national rights. "If such precautions fail to secure us against aggression, wo shall th-m, I trust, be able to rise, without great effort, to the now duties which in that case will have devolved upon us. I remain now firm, as heretofore, in the opinion that the destinies of the American continent are not to be permanently controlled by any political arrangements that can be made in the capitals of Europe." Mr. Godfrey, representing the French Government, having written to Mr. Seward informing him that a consi derable number of emigrants from California had disem barked at Guaymas, and established themselves in the country by virtue of grants made to them by " ex-Presi dent " Juarez, and that the mission of the French forces, then en the way to Sonora, was to prevent the taking possession of lands so granted, " the lawfulness of which will never be admitted," by the French Government, Mr. Seward, in reply, under date April 6, 1864, says : "While I appreciate the frankness and the goodwill which the Emperor's Government manifests in thus communicat ing its views and purposes on the subject m en ti one d , it nevertheless remains my duty to say that this Government has long recognised, and still does continue to recognise, the Constitutional Government of the United States of Mexico as the sovereign authority in that country, and the President, Benito Juarez, as its chief. This Government, at the same time, equally recognises the condition of war existing in Mexico between that country and France. We maintain absolute neutrality between the belligerents, and we do not assume to judge, much less to judge in advance, of the effect of the war upon titles and estates. We have no knowledge of such an emigration from California to Sonora as you have described in your Note ; but if such an emigration has taken place, those persons who thus emigrate will, of course, be regarded as subjecting them selves to the authority and laws by which the rights of citizens of Mexico are governed, and while it seems unne cessary for the President to assume that such emigrants will claim the protection of this Government for any estate of whatever kind they may attain or attempt to attain in Mexico, it would certainly be presumptuous to attempt now to decide upon the validity of such claim. "Peaceful emi g ration from the United States is enti re ly free from restraint or influence of the Government. Emi grants themselves are generally well informed concerning their rights. Under these circumstances any interference of the Government concerning such emigration would be as inexpedient as it would be without precedent. The case would bo different if the act of emigration was attended with preparations and purposes hostile to Mexico, or to oither belligerent party, or to any other nation ; and, there fore, incompatible with the laws of the United States or with the laws of nations. It is believed that the Govern ment of the United States has already sufficiently indicated the views it must take in such a case, if it should occur, which, however, there seems no immediate reason to ap prehend." SOUTH AMERICAN DIFFICULTIES.—The latest advices respecting the war between Brazil and Paraguay show that the Paraguayans were actively pushing forward, while their opponents, the allied forces, remained motion less, but concentrated, at Concordia, waiting the attack. The Brazilian fleet on the Parana river had commenced a retrograde movement, fearing that the Paraguayans would construct batteries below, so as to gain command of the river. The magnitude which this struggle is assuming may be estimated from the fact that at the date of our latest advices there were 113,000 men under arms, of whom 56,000 were Paraguayans and 57,000 allies. English capitalists have purchased 600,0001. of Colorado mining lands, and their agents and employes are en route to develope the same. The claims are principally Russell and Trail Run districts, and their recent purchase has been the Seton Lode of 1,000 feet, for whichthey paid £lOO,OOO alone. [ADV ERTISEMENT.]—Consumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach, and liver complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description. but pertecay curable by Du Barry's health restoring R,evalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless; such as indigestion (dyspepsia), cough, asthma, consumption, habitual constipation, diarr hoea, all gastric derangements, haemorrhoids, liver com plaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness' fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds. influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, imputities. eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, pal pitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness even in pregnancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains in the pit of tha stomach and between the shoulders, &e. We quote a few.—Care, No. 443.270. Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Frini ley Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deaf ness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous 1 aames.—Cure, No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord-Lieu tenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No.49,B32 Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervou sness, asthma, cough, const patios, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting—Maria Jolly.- Cure No. 64,816. the Rev. James I'. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins,l lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., Its. ; i2lb., 225. ; 241 b. 40s.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Phillips, tea dealers, 9, King William-street ; likewi • at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishops,)Ate street Within ; 6 3 , 150 , and 298 , Oxford-street ; 330, stra n d 54, Upper Baker-street ; 103 , Tottenham -court-ro a d ; 96, ' Upper-street. Islington, N. ; Harvey, Notting-hill ; Close Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace' St. John's •wcod, London ; and all respectable groc ers and lalle2 micts.—Beware of spurious imitations. COUNTRY MARKETS NORTHAMPTON—Ocr. 28. New white wheat, 408 to 44s ; new red, 39s to 42s old white, 44s to 48s; old red, 40s to 46s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 38s to 44s per qr. ; grinding, 26s to 35s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 28s to 32s ; new, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 44s to 48s ; new, 38s to 40s per 38 atone. reoi 34s to 37s per 36 stone. COLCHESTER--Oci. 28. Supply of wheat limited ; the trade firm at is to 20 per qr. advance. Fine barley in demand at full prices, and better sale for common sorts. Beans and peas scarce and rather dearer. Wheat, white 40s 54s ' Beans, Mazagan...... 331 384 red 36s 48s Middle and small.„3si 401 Barley Oats ..;80: 25540 Peas, gwrheiyt.e................. ......... 4420: CHELMSFORD—Ocz. 27. There was a scantily supply of wheat at market to -day Millers and merchants seemed more inclined to purchase, and is per qr. advance was given for superior samples. Best barley was also is per qr. dearer than last week, and all other spring corn firm at the quotations of this dal se'nnight, with a fair business doing. Whedt, old white....44s 5 s Peas, Partridge ...... 37s 394 new ~.4ts 48s White ..31 : 10 42 e old red 403 43s new. 36s 40s —4 Barley.. : .. 25s 32s dit o, new..•• —4 v, Cli hevaerD8,uin1i.n.g...................ri: 35, 26s :13s Beans, Tick, 01d....•• 310 : I Grind.ng Os 8s new.... Malt.. -S Chevalier 61s 688 new.... — I Oats GRANTHAM—Ovr. 28. Old white wheat, 50s to 565; old red, 44s to 51s; nel g white, 45s to 52s ; new red, 39s to 45s per 36 stone. Ba r r " ley for malting, 32s to 38s per qr. ; grinding, 27s to 30s Pe 30 stone. Oats, old, 25s to 28s ; new, 20s to 24s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 46s to 495; new, 40s to 438 per 38 stone. Peas, 35s_to 39s per 36 stone. ABERDEEN—Oar. 27. The deliveries still continue limited. At this day's ills r a . ket there was an active demand for all grain. Oats are 6 to is per qr. dearer. Barley is per qr. higher. Oatmeal 10 also higher. White wheat 0 8s Od to 40s Od Red wheat 35s Od to 37s Od Potato oats 20s Gd to 21s Oct Common oats 20s Od to 20s 6d Bere 22s 6d to 23s Od . Barley 22s 6d to 23s Od 621 b 11 bushel. 40th 11 bushel. 531 b IP bushel. boll of 1401 b• sack of 2801 b• Oatmeal 168 6d to 18s Od Flour, fine —s Od to 35s Od KIRKCALDY—Om 28. Full supplies of all kinds of grain. Salos ready. Wheat and barley is per qr. dearer. Oats unchanged. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First 41s 6d 28s 6d 2:18 6d I eeond ;45s Od 305 Od 248 6d Tuird 473 Od 32s Od 25s Od COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. Walker Primrose l5 6 Hetton . 23 6 East Hartlepool West Hartley South Hartlepool 22 9 Cassop Kepler Grange 22 6 South Iletton Carway and Duffryn Malting 24 0 Ships at market, 65 ; sold, 46. s. a. Hartlepool Acorn Close 22 u, Eden 22 Kelloe Holywell Main l9 6u Pensher Primrose Walls End Haswell 23 West Lambton Staffordshire 17 6 Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton Nov. IS* Ditto, via Marseilles Nov. 12 ' Brazil and Cape Verde. by British paoLet Nov. 5 ' Ditto, by French packet .. Nov. 22 * Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.... Nov. 2 1 ' China, Penang. and Singapore, via Southampton.. Nov. 2 Ditto, via Marseilles Nov. 12 ' Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 2 . Ditto, via Marseilles . . NOV; 12 India (liumbay), via Southampton. Nov. 1 1 * Ditto, via Marseilles .. . Nov. 5 Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Mansell e. Nov. 5 . Newfoundland Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton • 000000 •• • Ditto, via Ccrk Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry. • No!. 6 . West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe „Nov. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahatt.as, Cuba, and Mexico Nov. 13 Bahamas, via New York. Nov. 16 Bermuda, ditto Nov. 22 Cuba and Mexico Oct 30. - TILE SOUTHERN EPISCOPAL BISHOPS.--The Net York Express states that letters received in Nov Y°r from Bishop Elliott, of Georgia, communicate the infor ro3 ; tion that at an informal meeting of Southern Bishops ,1 Augusta three of their number were appointed to att ei r the general Conventi o n a t Phil a d e lphia, with full pow?,r4 represent them on all questions relating to reunion. Southern Convention will meet in Mobile in Novetnbcr, and receive the report of the three delegates to the Philadelphia Convention. Doubtless their action w ill ratified. The Episcopal Convention held their second daY session in New York on September 28. The great sv °3l , of the day was the address of Bishop Potter to the Colaits vention, which occupied an hour in its delivery, and 1' 0 listened to with great interest. He spoke on the conditi% of the South, and entreated that nothing might bo done ,Le mar the most perfect harmony and kindness between the Christian Churches North and South. The reports of committees were read and adopted. The prowß c i cial system invited discussion, and resolutions were paos A :a on that subject. In the evening the Conventi on prone°'"a with the ordinary business. The Convention adjourns sine die on Sept. 29. The New York Episcopal Convention has paw „ d resolutions favoring th e re - un i on o f th e N or thern 5 ' Southern branches of the Church. the During the past month there have been in city of New York and its suburban cities fire deaths t' 4 l suicide, nine by car and railroad accidents, sixteen drowning, four by fires, and ten by murder. nce 6 DR. FRANCIS WAYLAND.—The Boston Journal annoll the death of Dr. Francis Wayland, which took plac,a the 26th ult. Dr. Wayland was born in the city of r 4(3 0 York, March 11, 1796, and was therefore sixty-nine y ef t of age at the time of his decease. His father, A B a P t he clergyman, soon after removed to Poughkeepsie, froni._,4 academy in which place the son entered the sophomore of Union College in 1811. Having graduated at the ago (71 he studied medicine for three years. At this time his n! ci a views of duty led him to enter the Andover Theolog' Seminary in 1816. After remaining there one yea r ,,' Act accepted the place of tutor in Union College, which lis' a " cl for four years, in the course of which time Mr. Se' vr-- f , cro was under his instruction. In August, 1821, he wad y, dained as a pastor over the First Baptist Church of Bo s : r i where he continued five years. On the 200th annicet o of that church, held last summer, Dr. Wayland Wa s Li e -f sent, and listened to a very able portraiture of hiti.j,,o , ministry given by the present pastor, Dr. R. 11 • He soon after accepted the Professorship of lelathenaN - e d and Natural Philosophy at Union College, but was c 7, 0 in a few months to the Presidency of Brown University d, Feb., 1827, an office for which he was admirably adsPl 4 and the duties o f w hi c h h e di sc h arge d w ith s i gn al abil l until the summer of 1855, a period of twenty-elght Yno when his health was not sufficiently good to enable her o n continue his labours. Since that time, with the excel ) of about a year' s serv i ce as p as t o r of a church in IL, f . ° o oo dente, he was occupied mainly in the publication of vntis works. In 1857 he published his volume of "Notes on 0 4 Principles and Practices of Baptists ;" in 1858, " Occesi ° b is Discourses and Sermon; to the Churches ;" 1 86 h4 " Letters on the Mi n i s t r y o f th e G os pel ;" and in I°'' d ' e g "Memoir of the Ch r i s ti an L a b ours o f Ch a l mer s." these he had previously written a biography of Dr. son, and his letters to the Rev. Dr. Fuller in 1845 Wer e ,i 0 strumental in arousing the Northern co nsc i ence to th e , h r of complicity with slavery. He has also b een the ie of several text-books and Wayland's "Moral S c ience familiar in many of the schools. He was a man of 16 ';,70 and liberal mind, foremost in every good cause, alni c ' s iert enthusiast in the work of missions, an analytical thin t js a plain and straightforward preacher, but more eloquensti, deed than in word. It is, we believe, the concurrent t e „ioe mony of all who h ave b een i n a p os iti on to es t imate they ' - ' OO of his public ser v i ces th a t hi s lif e wo rk was rightly ch ci h - i0 and well done. His influence on the young men unde r t at charge, and thus on the nation, was of the most dioto kind. To him, and to men like him, the sturdy mots' 7 0 , timent of Now England owes much for its tenacity of E pose, its devotion to great principles, and its triutur the great struggle of the past four years. Births. CRESHAM. — On the 29th inst., at Latimer, Lady Ch of a son. DILLON.—On the 21st inst., at Rome, the Comtesse Ar t Dillon, of a son. Ar e ' MAcGnEoou.—On the 26th inst. at at 30, Lowndes-04 u , Lady Helen M acgregor, of Macgregor,. of a daugh t % of STALLARD.—On the 26th inst., at Leamington, thew ;40 Lieut.-Colonel S. S tallard, R.A., o f a son Marriages. Hosxms - -Ronmrsox.—On the 27th inst., at C r anfoL-I b og tain A. H. H os ki ns, R . N., t o D oro th ea , on ly ch o rd, of the Rev. Sir George S. Robinson, Bart., of Cr Northamptonshire. (leo RING—LEECH.—On tho 26th inst., at Brighton, ‘-^, Charles Ring, Esq., of Doctor's-ommons, to 11300 0 fourth daughter of Joseph Leech, Esq., of Morden Blackheath, and 53, Old Steine, Brighton. Deaths. , , i da ol4l CROMPTON.—On the 30th inst., at 22, Hyde-pow . "' Mr. Justice Crompton, aged 68. COURTIER.—On the 25th inst., suddenly, Charles Co Esq., of 1, Lamb's Conduit-place, aged 62. ,00 1 DAWSON.—On tho 28th inst., at Greenwich, Robt. 1- ) * Esq., late of Now South Wales, aged 83. GRIMSTON.—At Wakes Colne Rectory, Essex, the and Rev. Francis Sylvester Grimston, aged 42. gilded MAcKEr.—On the 29th inst., at 69, Gloucester-pla ce ' park, Donald Campbell Mackey, Esq., aged 51. MATTREWS.—On the 28th inst., at Milton Lodge, ,_ll, ham, Dorsetshire, Thomas Matthews, Esq., ageudr`-ighl STANNARD.—On the 27th inst., at Ryde, Isle of John Stannard, Esq., aged 74. .....,•----- ------- London :Printed and Published by WILLIAM Al.lO $ 1 . 1; of No. 112, Strand, Punter, at Tar. SUN Office,' . 0 019 ° Strand, in the Precinct of the Stvoy, in the v" liLltlicses.--Tuesday, October 31, 1885. . :. ,^,` ` ,~ A 3