The Sun. — London, England, 1866-12-11 00:00:00

Draft of a German Constitution by the Prince Consort. The following documents, hitherto unpublished, may be found of interest in the present condition of affairs in Germany : " Buckingham Palace, March 28, 1848. " The problem that must be solved is to convert Germany from a Confederation of States (Staaten bund) into one Federal State (Bundesstaat). If the solution is to be salutary and permanent, it must be developed out of the state of affairs at present exist ing, and become the starting point of entire German history. It must not be a cut-and-dry theory, but the final representation of a position long foreseen and desired by the German people, in which at one and the same time all conditions and requirements of the State generally are fulfilled in the most satis factory way. In Germany we have _various indivi dual peoples, States complete in themselves, dynas ties, and crowns, which all mustbe united. It would be sinful* to reduce to a common level and to all ' terate the individualities of the peoples by a cen tralisation, shaping all after the same pattern, for it is in the peculiarity and legality of such individuali ties that the many-sided vitality and freshness of life of the German people consists. The crowns and dynasties, which are identical with the:personality (Personlichkeit) of these States, must not be in fringed or humiliated if thepersonality and executive power of the individual States they represent is not to be destroyed ; but both—States and peoples— should be taken together practically as a whole and efficaciously constituted. " I think the solution should be the following : "The princes of the Germanic Confederation, to gether with the four burgomasters of the Free Towns, form a conference of princes,* and elect from among this number a German Emperor,* * either for life or fora term of years (10) ? " The Estated of the various German States elect from among the members of both their Chamberst a number proportionate to the population and im portance of the individual States, and organise therewith a German Diet (Reichstag). k‘ An Austragal Court (Reichsgerich), presided over by an irremovable* chancellor, to form a supreme court, composed of the legal faculties of the Germanuniversities,decisive in all questions between the different individual States, between the various Governments and their Estates in all German suc cession and regency questions, also in territorial divisions and cases of heirship. "The representation of Germany to be incumbent upon the Emperor. All imperial business to be car ried on in his name. In conjunction with the con ference of princes, he is to appoint to public offices. At the head of the said conference he will upon each occasion open the Diet. He is at liberty to reject the propositions of the conference of princes, and a resolution of the Diet can only become valid by his sanction. He may, where he thinks fit, lalow him self to be represented by another prince. His Ministers to be the Minister for Foreign Affairs and the two Presidents of a Chamber of Commerce, and a Council of War. These Ministers to be responsible to the Diet.* The Minister for Foreign Affairs has to negotiate with foreign ambassadors, and, in ex traordinary cases, to send envoys to foreign Courts. " The German Chamber of Commerce, composed of officials from the various States, to have the management of the German customs, navigation, roads, railways, postal, and traffic systems.* " The German Council of War, formed of gene rals from the various armies, to conduct the organi sation of the German army composed of troops from the different separate States, at the head of which shall he a Federal commander-in-chief in time of war. The German fortresses and the (prospective) German fleet* to be also under the management of the Council of War. " The German Sovereigns themselves, or Princes of their Houses representing them, to form the con ference of Princes. This conference to possess a veto upon the resolutions of the Diet and upon the ap pointments to offices by the Emperor. Under the Emperor's Presidency, the Conference appoints the members of the three Imperial Chambers (Iteichs kammern). It has to sanction the propositions to be made by the Emperor to the Diet. It votes by majority, yet so that the Princes of the larger States have a comparatively larger number of votes.* Every Prince may vote by proxy. The Conference of Princes, with the Emperor, appoint the Federal Commander-in-Chief in the event, and pending the duration, of a war. " The Diet (Reichstag) to assemble every three years.* The deputies (Reichsboten ?) of which it is composed from both Chambers of the various Sates sit and debate together, but vote in two voting bodies (Curicn) corresponding to those chambers.** Let each member speak from his seat. The Diet votes by majority, so that the agreement of both voting bodies is necessary for decision. Let the number of the members not be too large.** Not above 50 in the first, nor 150 in the second Cham ber—together 200. A. marshal of the Diet, elected by the entire Diet, from the first voting body (Curie) to act as President. 44 Thus we have, then, an Emperor as the repre sentative and personification of German unity, and as the supreme Meer of the executive power. His wor thiness is guaranteed by ch o i ce of and from 27 crowned heads, upon whom, on the other hand, falls oerf, dignityvoted raneh o from f the back part of the splendFouurrth among and by them. a g responsible . Ministry in the executive power, rial Chambers, and Pre sidents of the three love a Fede ral Commander-in-Chief, whose ability is guaran teed by his election when his services are requi re d Confere nce and for a certain period only. Further, a of Princes, as the i mm ediate participator both of the executive power and o f th e representative import ance of the Emperor, w ho, by this necessary parti cipation, perfectly secures the undiminished contin uance of the power and sovereignty of all German Crowns. Then a diet, as an expression of the collective will of the whole German nation, yet so composed that at the same time the individuality of every single German people and State is completely represented by the despatch of the delegates of the empire (Reichsboten) from its own Estates. Lastly, we have a supreme Austragal tribunal as the ex pression of entire German legal wisdom, relieved from all external influences by its irremovability. " The authority of all these tribunals naturally only extends to matters of general German impor tance—which would have to be more exactly de fined—without interfering in the legislative and ad ministrative departments of individual States. (Signed) " ALBERT." The folloWing autograph remarks were made by King Frederick William W. of Prussia upon Prince Albert's draft : " POTSDAM, April 1848. " Of all projects of a constitution for Germany, this of the intellectual and sagacious Prince best meets my views. In detail, however, I cannot agree even to this plan. I have underlined with red that which meets with my especial assent, .and what I think bad is narked with a blackl St. Andrew's cross.s The Emperor as actua head of the Confederation does not suit my taste. An Emperor elected for a term is a monstrosity, against which I openly protest Should the supreme head of the Confederation really only be chosen for a term (which I consider a defect), the title of Em peror must not be wasted and extended upon him. Let him be called Repent.aytie name of E m p eror , for But even the s u p reme bead for life cannot h the sake of Aust r i a, as I will show below l " The German nation h e th asa e thousand years . ' right that its chief should b undisputed head of Christendom. But it is not credible that the heir of 30 Roman Emperors, na me l Emperor of Austria , should yield y, the h ere di tary precedence to this su preme head by vote. Nay, it could not even b e , demanded. Certain it is as anything can possibly be that the Russian Emperor would never give pre cedence to this sort of German Emperor. Out of all and one profit a bl e this I know a very easy escape, * The words (marked red in the original) to which one asterisk is attached were underlined by King William IV. of Prussia as meeting with his special approbation. Those portions of the text marked with two asterisks (St. An drew's cross in original) were not approved byhis Majesty. f Marked by the King of Prussia with " optime." . _ In this translation therd marks are denoted by an asterisk : those to which a cross is appended are shown by two asterisks. o the German cause. Let the Roman Emperor be again recognised as the honorary head of the German nation. Let the Roman imperial dignity be renewed, and, as it was indissolubly connected with the kingdom of the Germans up to 1806, let it be indissolubly bound up with the hereditary empire of Austria—pro honoris causa, if people like. But let it also have certain distinctive honours. lam quite in favour of the election of the special supreme head of the German empire. Call him, if, as I hope to God he may be, elected for life, and then in true German fashion is also recognised as the chief au thority in the realm, instituted by God (and not to be regarded, a la polonaise, as the plaything of am bitious magnates)—call him ' King of the Germans,' as in time of old. I wish that the Kings of the Con federation (who ought again to add to their titles that of Elector) should alone effectthe election, but after wards ask the assent of the other sovereign princes. Both might be done in a few hours, the kings and grand dukes, say, in the so-called conclave of St. Bartho lomew's Cathedral at Frankfort, the princes in the choir. Then let them apply to the Roman Em peror and respectfully beg him to confirm the choice. That cAn be done next minute by an archduke em powered for the purpose. Then let the cathedral be opened to the people as of old, and let their acclamations complete the choice. Soon after let the ' German King' be anointed and crowned (just as the Roman Emperor at his hereditary ac cession to the throne), if a Roman Catholic, by the Archbishop of Cologne, who would become high chancellor if Evangelical, by an Archbishop of Magdeburg, to be appointed Primate of Germany. "By this allotment of the Roman imperial dig nity to the Austrian hereditary Emperor, Austria for the first time becomes certain to the German realm. Austria is won to Germany for ever, and with her the finest and first countries are secured to the new (old) realm—the Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Upper and Lower Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Car niola, and Istria. If Austria does not wear the chief crown, any notion of her bending before the German electoral supreme head is impossible to ex pect, if she ever in any degree again comes to her self. And who would doubt it ? " The conference of princes seems to me an un commonly happy idea ; only I picture it to myself classified, like the old Diet, into an assembly of the kings and grand dukes, the dukes, and the princes. Reinforced by the mediatised princes and counts, the conference would every three years form the German Upper House of the Diet, the Lower being the House or voting body (Curie) of the deputies (Reichsboten). Only I recommend most urgently that, in the relation of the Upper to the Lower House, it be never forgotten that sovereign princes form its nucleus, and among them (more's the pity) two great Powers. " I am very well pleased with the definition of the responsible Ministries. I leave unexamined whether somewhat freer hand must not be left to the supreme head, particularly if he be the King of the Germans. But under certain circumstances, in case, namely, of war and rebellion, I demand a dictatorship for the German King. " I have forgotten my formal protest against the common deliberation of the House of Princes and the House of Delegates (Reichsboten). That will never work well, and would possibly expose the highest lords to annoyances which must be avoided. Limitation to 50 princes and 150 delegates is unjust, and will at all times lead to a delegate victory. I wish to see the knighthood represented among the delegates, with assessors for the remaining German nobility; then, also delegates from the towns and rural communes, which must, however, not be forced to choose representatives from among their own people, but whose choice should be entirely free. "I will here close my remarks for the present, and recommend them most warmly to the reader. (Signed) " FREDERICK WILLIAM." MISCEGLAHEOUS AMERICAN NEWS. „s o . The Pall-Mall Gazette gives the following par tieulars as the correct version of the Suratt affair, which has exeleed so much interest during the pre sent week :—" A son of Mrs. Suratt, implicated in the assassination of President Lincoln, having effected his escape from America, enrolled himself under a feigned name in the Pontifical Zouaves, where be was looked upon as a model soldier. The New York authorities despatched a constable in pursuit of him, and this functionary made the tour of Europe mithout coming on his track, and had returned to America, when he learnt from a Belgian journal that an American had enlisted in the Pope's corps of Zouaves. In stantly he turned his steps back to Europe, and male to Rome, where a photograph enabled him to recognise young Suratt; but to leave no doubt of his identity he also enlisted in the corps, gained the confidence of the fugitive, and one day, over a friendly glass, drew him into criminating admissions. He now made a report of the affair to Mr. Rufus King, the Minister of the United States, who im mediately applied for the extradition of Suratt. CardinalAntonelli promised to comply, and ordered the young man to be brought to Rome under escort. Accordingly he was given in charge of a party of Zouaves, who brought him as far on the way as the mountains of Arsoli, where they halted for the night in a cabin, situated on a peak between two precipices. There Suratt contrived to escape, though how no one can say, unless with the aid of his escort, for he must have leaped down two preci pitous cliffs, one 17 feet, and the other 30 feet deep. The American detective was expelled from the corps at the demand of the Zouaves. It is suspected i n R ome th e L eg iti m i s t sympa thi es f the Zouaves led them to take Suratt's part." Fro m this point we gather the subsequent details of his adventures from the Times. On the disc overy of his escape, General King put c ommunication with the Govern menthimself i n of Fl orence, and after some delay again obtained an orde r f or the arrest, though only, it is said, on co ndition that th e lif e o f th e prisoner should be spared. On Sunday , however, the 18th of last month, t h e American Consul at to oNaples apprehendreceiv the fugitiveed definite inst ructions by telegraph h a d just left Naple s b y , but it was to o l a t e . Suratterool steamer, the Tripoli, bound for M a lt a a iv Lp and Alex andria. Hereupon the telegraph was again directed to pprehend S uratt while the Tripoli set at work, and the Cons ene a ral of the U n i ted States at Malta was was in harbour. Accordingly, this officer applied to the Maltese Go vernment for the necessary powers, but was informed th at there was no sufficient authority for the suggested action. Immediately afterwards the T ri p oli left fo r Alex andria, and there, as we are now apprised, Suratt has been actually seized and detained. Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton) who was defeated as a candidate for the American Congress, is to devote her winter to lecturing on " Citizen Suffrage" and " Bread and the Ballot." She will give both of these lectures at Washington. The Cleveland Leader thus speaks of the Wash burne family :—" No less than four Washburnes are already elected to the next House of Represen tatives ; Elihu B. Washburne, of Illinois, well known as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce in the present House, and the tireless champion and friend of General Grant; William B.Washburn,e, of Massachusetts, a member of the present Congress. General C. C. Washburne, of Wisconsin, a former member of Congress, and a Major-General of Volun teers during the rebellion ; and Henry D. Wash burne, of Indiana, a member of the last house. The first three are, we belive, brothers, the fourth being their cousin. The head of the house is Israel Washburne, of Maine, an older brother of the three Congressmen, himself an ex- Congressman and ex-Governor, and now in training for the United States Senatorship from Maine. A younger scion of the house is an aspirant for Legis lative honours i n New Hampshire. All of them are staunch Radicals. COMMERCIAL. NEW YORK, Nov. 24. A further f a ll has been established since 1 last wrote, and has been general, embracing every description of secu rity. Gold declined to 138 ; 5-20's fell 1 per cent., and all Government Stocks are materially lower. Money is in more active demand and less accessible ; the rates, conse quently, are higher. New Y or k C entral declined to 107,1 THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 11, 1860. but it was well supported, andj again rallied. Erie has been extremely agitated, and has undergone more fluctua tion than any other stock. Last Thursday, for instance it opened at 75-1, declined to 70, rallied to 73, subsequently fell to 711, then recovered to 721, leaving off at 71*. Illi nois Central has also been depressed. A strong effort was made to bear down " Reading," but, on the whole, it was well supported. There are many who prognosticate a panic. I feel assured that the fall in prices is owing to a caution which is the reverse of the reckless proceedings which inaugurate a monetary crisis. The crops, too, have in no instance failed. On the contrary, the yield of grain and provisions has been large. Tobacco and cotton are coming forward in considerable quantities. It is now estimated that the yield of cotton will be in excess of the quantity hitherto given at New Orleans as the probable result. Two millions of bales is the estimate, based on the reports coming in from Florida, the Carolinas, Ten nessee, Southern Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas. The following statistics of the trade-and revenue of New Orleans may be interesting to you : Amount of revenue collected at the port of New Orleans for the fiscal year ending June 30,,1866 July, 1865 3122,400-60 August,lB6s 167,392.98 Sept., 1865 Oct., 1865 244,452.34 Nov., 1865 528,133.34 Dec., 1865 379,703.98 Total ... .. January, 1866 5638,571.40 February, 1866 430,808.14 March, 1866 April, 1866 616,000.07 May, 1866 408,833.64 June, 1866.. 307,454.35 64,598,488.61 The number and tonnage of vessels entered at the port of New Orleans during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1866: No. Tonnage. United States vessels entered from foreign ports ... ... 159 74,116 United States vessels entered coastwise 1,561 892,459 Foreign vessels entered ... ... 482 156,565 Total number of vessels and amount of tonnage ... 2,202 1,123,140 (From L. P. Morton and Co.'s Circular.) liEw YORK, Nov. 24. Per " City of Boston" reports since our last advices the money market has assumed an extreme stringency, the consequence of large drafts by the Treasury upon the Na tional Bank Depositories. The active calling in of loans, to provide for the drafts, produced considerable uneasiness in financial circles, and caused a sudden process of realis ing on securities, and a heavy fall in prices. Yesterday the Treasury announced its willingness to accept payments from the banks in compound interest notes—aform of legal tender held by the banks as a reserve, but not adapted for circulation, owing to an accumulation of interest upon them. This policy had the effect of partially allaying the prevailing alarm ; the banks relaxed their extreme caution ; and the prices of securities partially recovered. Money has ruled at 7 per cent. on demand loans, and closes at 6 to 7 per cent. Discounting operations have been interrupted by the un settled condition of affairs, rates ranging at 7 to 8 per cent. The decline in Government Securities, consequent upon the fall in the price of gold, has had the effect of inducing liberal purchases for investment, and the transactions in gold-interest bonds have been large. Five-Twenties of 1882 were temporarily depressed by speculative operations to 1071; but the firmness of quotations at London had the effect of rallying prices, and the bonds close active at 1081 to 1081. The new Consolidated Bonds of 1865 are in steady demand for investment, and close firm at 1071. The crisis in the money market has produced an average decline of 6 to 8 per cent. upon railroad stocks ; the mar ket, however, closes with an improved tone, but with much irregularity in quotations. Erie has fallen from 78, our last quotation, to 69i ; but closes active at 71 to 711. Illinois Central Shares have touched 116, but close at 118 to 1181. State Stocks have sympathised with the general depres sion, but, being little subject to speculative movements, have not declined so heavily as other kinds of securities. Tennessee 6's, 1890, close at 90 to 92 ; North Carolina 6's, 70 ; Virginia 6'e, 60 to 62 ; Missouri 6's, 861 to 87. The downward tendency in the premium on gold, arising from the increased supply since the Ist inst., has been strengthened by moderate sales made by the Treasury. The price has touched 1371; but owing to the suspension of Government sales, and advance in the rates of foreign exchange, the price subsequently advanced, and closes at 1381. Foreign Exchange is mote in demand, and the rates are 1. per cent. above the quotations for last mail. Bankers' 60 days' sterling closes at 109 to 109'1; three.days' do. 109/ to 1101 ; bills on Paris, long date, 5.161 to 5.15; do. short date, 5.131 to 5.121. The recent decline in cotton has induced a freer de mand, under which prices have slightly improved, not withstanding the fall in gold. Mid. Uplands aro hold at 3-1 i to 35 cents, which is about one cent above the views of buyers, transactions consequently being limited. FOREIGN QUOTATIONS. Nov. 23. Nov. 16. London commercial lOB 1081 1071 108 Do. bankers' long lO9 109 k 1081 109 Do. bankers' short sight lO9l 1101 1091 109/ Paris sixty days 5161 515 5171 516 f D. short sight 513/ 5121 513* -- Antwerp 520 518' 521 1 520 . 361 7 861 413 41k 41). - 41y 41 41i 411 79 79+ 79 79+ 721 721 721 721 Hainburg Amsterdam Frankfort Bremen COTTON QUOTATIONS. (Nov. 23 1, p.m.) Uplands. Mobile. N. 0. &Ts Good 0 rdi nary Low Middling 3l to 32 33 to 34 33 to 34 Middling Good Middling MOVEMENTS OF SPECIE AT NEW YORK. imronTs. From California, Nov. 20 Foreign, week ending Nov. 17 - 51,1•2 , 397 77,216 Import for last week $1,198,613 Previously from California 36,261,004 Previously from Foreign Ports 9,021,582 Total since January Ist $16,481,199 EXPORTS. For week ending November 17 5528,385 Previously Since January 1 $57,498,058 Same time 18G5 26,532,786 (From E. F. Satterthwaite and Co.'s Weekly Circular, December 5.) _ _ Our advices from New York, per the Java, are dated 20th November. The Stock Markets all exhibited a de cline from that day week, Government Securities being quoted about ono per cent. lower, and Railroad Shares from $2 to $B. Of the entire list, New York Central showed the greatest fall ; Erie, Illinois Central, and Michigan Southern, had receded about $5. State Stocks were also offered at lower rates, but Railroad Mortgages were firm at previous quotations. Money continued easy at from five to six por cent., and gold bad declined about three per cent., being last quoted 1411. The following is the return of the New York Banks : Discounts. Specie. Circulation. 69 Deposits. 8 Nov. 10... 275,8,288 13,145,391 30,968,940 226,321,317 Nov. 17... 273,338,390 15,511,124 31,233,502 221,892,570 SOUTH CAROLINA BONDS. The State of South Carolina having passed an act to fund its debt, interest and principal past duo, a new series of bonds of $lOO, $5OO, and $l,OOO have been prepared, payable at Columbia in 1887 and 1397, with half-yearly 6 per cent. interest, commencing July 1,1867, and the Gover nor has issued his proclamation in regard to the matter. The holders of past due bonds and stocks are required to come forward and fund the same in the new bonds, above described, or else receive certificates for the amount bear ing 6 per cent. interest. The past due debt thus provided for includes the following :—5310,000 bonds of 1859, with interest ; the interest on $1,000,000 of bonds issued under act of 1854 ; interest on $500,000 of bonds issued under act of 1853, for building the new State House, and the in terest on $1,755,000 of State House bonds under several subsequent acts. The London market for American Securities has shown less activity than for some time past, still prices have been well maintained, and in some cases show a fractional ad vance, United States 5-20's of 1862 are last quoted 703 to 1, and the 1865 issue 691 to 1. Illinois demand asCsepnrutranlgcluoset to 78, and Eries, d7i f t o o r 4 w B h . which ta nsd.2othe o n C d e s r , t i l 6 B c B a 2 t e : s T o h f u D r s e d b a e y n , t 7 u o r 6 e 9 :6 7o to i 1 5 ; 8. p 771 0 -day, are firm at 4 6 1 pe 1 r to c 2 e , nt a . lantic and G rea t W estern Consolidated Bonds leave off OFFICIAL TRANSACTIO NS Fon TIIE WEEK. United States Friday 701 1; Saturday, 701 a ; Monday, 701 1 ; Tuesday, 701 1 1 ; Wednesday, , United St a t es 6 per Cent. 5-20 Bonds, 1865: Thursday, ; Friday, —; Saturday, ; Monday, 60/ ; Tuesday, 69t ; Wednesday, Virginia 5 per Cent. Sterling Bonds : Thursday, —. Vir ginia 6 per Cent. Dollar Bonds: Thursday, —; Friday, —; Saturday, —; Tuesday, —; Wednesday, —. Atlan. and Gt. Westn. (N. T. Sect.) Ist Mrt. Bonds, 1880: Friday, 70 69 ; Monday, ; Wednesday, —; Tuesday, 681 9. A tlan. and Gt. Westn. 2nd Mrt. Bonds, 1881: Friday, —; Monday, —. Atlan. and Gt. Westn. (Penns. Sect.) Ist Mort Bonds, 1877: Thursday, —; Friday, —; Wed nesday, Atlantic and Great Western (Pennsylvanian Section) 2nd Mrt. Bonds, 1882: Thursday, —; Saturday, —; Monday, 6 7 1. Atlan. and Great Western Consoli dated Bonds, 1895; Thursday, 401 1 ; Friday, 401 1; Satur day, 411 1; Monday, 411 ; Tuesday, 401 404 11 1; Wed nesday, 411 1. Erie Shares, $lOO, all paid: Thursday, 461 1 7 61 ; Friday, 453 1 ; Saturday, 46 ; Monday, 451 6 I ; Tuesday, ; Wednesday, 47 1. Erie Shares, 6 per cent. Convertible Borids : Thursday, —; Monday, —; Tuesday, —; Wednesday, —. Illinois Central 6 per Cent. Bonds of 1875: Thursday, —; Tuesday, Illinois Central 7 per Cent. Bonds, of 1875 : Thursday, ; Friday, 671; Tuesday, —. Illinois Central Shares, all paid : Thursday, ; Friday, —; Saturday, ; Tuesday, —; Wednesday, Michigan Central 8 Per cent. Convertible, 1869: Thursday, —. Panama Rail road, 2nd Mort. 7 per cent, 1865: Friday, —. Philadelphia and Erie First Mortgage, 1881: Thursday, —; Fri day, —; Monday, —; Wednesday, —. Philadelphia and Erie First Mortgage, 1831, with option to be paid in Philadelphia: Friday, —; Wednesday, —. Pennsylvania Second Mortgage Sterling Bonds, 1875: Monday, —. --- (Glenn and Co.'s Weekly Circular.) LONDON, Dec. 6. The London market for American securities has been active during the past week, large purchases of United States 5-20 Bonds have been made notwithstanding the uncertainty as yet of an agreement between the President and Congress, which latter body met on Monday last. In vestors in England are beginning to believe that, come what may, the credit of America will be rigidly maintained, and her Government Bonds paid at maturity. The annual state ment of Secretary M'Culloch, that $158,000,000 of the debt of the United States has been paid off in the last fiscal year, is very encouraging, and has tended to strengthening the market. 5.20's at 71 are I per cent. higher; Eries at 46i are the same ; and Illinois Central at 77i are per cent. higher than they were this day week. The railway earnings of American roads for the month of October are on the whole good ; a majority of 27 roads show a hand some increase over same month last year. • The Seven Days' Fighting before Richmond. ---4. - The seven days' fighting which shook off. M'CLELLAN'S hold on Richmond, and forced him back on the James River, is only described by Colonel VON BORCKE so far as he himself was en gaged. STONEWALL JACKSON'S troops reached the spot on the 26th of June from the Valley of the Shenandoah, and an army close on 30,000 of the best Confederate soldiers, led by their greatest general of division, was placed on the flank of the Federal line. STUART'S cavalry and a division of infantry were sent to strengthen him. JACKSON did not get into action till five in the afternoon, and he was urged in his movement by the distant roar of artillery which announced LosmsTßEET's attack. It was not till ten o'clock at night that the Federals were dislodged, and the combatants slept on the battle-field to renew with the rising sun the great struggle that for the time was to decide the fate of the Confederate capital. The incidents of the next day's fight, described by Colonel Von BORCKE, are amusing and instructive. Among the cavalry en counters there was an affair with a newly-organised regiment of Federal Lancers. " They stood," says the Colonel, " 300 yards from us in line-of-battle, " and presented with their glittering lances, from " the point of each of which fluttered a red " and white pennon, and their fresh, well-fitting " blue uniforms turned up with yellow, a fine mar " tial appearance. One of our regiments was imme " diately ordered to attack them. But before our " Virginia horsemen got within fifty yards of " their line, this magnificent regiment, which " had doubtless excited the liveliest admiration " in the Northern cities on its way to " the seat of war, turned tail and fled in " disorder, strewing the whole line of their retreat "with their picturesque but inconvenient arms. Of " the7oo horsemen," adds the Prussian, " not more, " he believes, than 20 retained their lances." The Federal Lancers, when caught in this position, had one of only two courses to pursue. If they had time they should have got into motion to meet their enemy ; if not, their only plan was to act as they acted. A raw regiment would not be likely to sit in cold blood in their saddles and await the charge directed against them. Those who know what it is to stand in the way,of a charge of cavalry can alone realise the position. Although steady infantry in square are safe, it is often the case that the terror excited by the thundering roar, rush, and whirl of the charging squadrons, dissolves squares composed of troops whose nerves are not strong. A charge of cavalry directed on a stationary line of cavalry is sure to be fatal to the stationary body. They haa& not the effective means of protection afforded by the fire of an infantry square, nor are they solid and immovable. Each atom which composes the ca valry has two wills—that of the horse has to be considered as well as that of his rider, and even if the heart of the one remains calm in the face of this imposing danger, it does not follow that the heart of the other is equally impassive. The lance versus the sword has furnished a lengthened dispute to mili tary men. Whatever may be the comparative value of the weapons, this fact is certain—you cannot extemporise a regiment of lancers. The lance is a splendid weapon in the hands of a good horseman who knows how to use it, but one both dangerous to the rider and"dangerous to his corn radts when placed in unskilful hands. After a few months' active service no such incidents as this, de scribed by Colonel Von BORCKE, occurred. The Confederate cavalry then became opposed to troops as good as themselves, and they had often to re cord a very different result. Our author 'relates how a captain on the staff amused the troops, even when the men were falling thickly around, by the nimble and successful manner in which he dodged the shells of the enemy. Annoyed at the raillery, he declared lie would never again 13.)w at the ap proach of a shot, and was sitting with the utmost gravity, bolt upright in the saddle, when a 12- pounder screamed through the air only a few feet over his head. Down went the head, not merely to the saddle but with the body, to which it was securely attached, to the earth, amidst the convul sive shouts of his comrades. One requires to get used to 12-pounders screaming over your head be fore you cease to recognise their presence by an inclination. The absurd part of it is that when the bow is made the shot has passed. If the head had been in the way of the ball, the head would have been off before the spirit had moved its posses sor to make the bow. Though the bravest men may be betrayed into this action, the case is very dif ferent with " the dodge" the Colonel narrates, which appears to have created unusual merriment among the Confederate soldiers. " Amid the fury " of the battle a wounded man was borne along by " two of his comrades, his limbs hanging motion " less, and his head dangling as if life was nearly " extinct. The fire of the enemy was still mur " derous, and one of the carriers, struck by a inns " ket-ball, fell to the ground, dropping his charge, " who, seeing himself in great danger, suddenly " revived, and, jumping up, took to his heels with " surprising agility. The explosive laughter which " followed him in his rapid flight all along our lines " absolutely drowned for a few moments the tumult " and hurly-burly of the engagement." General STUART sent the Colonel to order two squadrons of a Georgia regiment to attack a Federal battery which had pushed boldly forward without proper' support. When galloping back on his return, he felt a stunning blow across the spine, and at the same moment his horse rolled over with him. A solid shot had passed close to his charger's back, and the current of air set in motion by its pas sage had knocked over both horse and rider. He adds, that afterwards he witnessed many si milarc ases of prostration of men and animals by windage. At dawn on the 28th the armies were again in motion, and STUART'S cavalry was employed in collecting and guarding the prisoners and books capt u red. The Colo nel had an opportunity of testing the truth of some stories recited in camp of a tremendous bayonet fight between a regiment of Texans and the New York Zouaves. It was.said that these determined antago nists, had pierced each other through and through with their formidable and fatal weapons, and that their dead bodies had been found standing erect, in the very attitude in which each had received his death wound. Although an obstinate struggle had taken place, and the bodies of the Zouaves, dressed in their flashy red uniforms, were scattered over the ground like scarlet poppies in a corn field, it was the bullet of the Texan marks men, not the bayonet, that had brought them down. He examined many of the corpses and found only three or four with bayonet wounds, and even these had first fallen beneath the bullet. Colonel VON BORCKE states, and the experience of every sol dier bears him out, that bayonet fights rarely if ever occur, and exist only in the imagination. On this day an incident took place, the rumour of which reached Europe, and turned out to be grossly un true. It was Midsummer, the heat was excessive, the work exhausting. Orchards of fruit trees lay on the road, and the men devoured whatever tended to quench their thirst. Where they came to wells they drank profusely. In consequence many were seized with a kind of cholera, and they immediately concluded the wells had been poisoned by the hated Yankees. This charge is often made in war, and arises from the same cause. In the action of the Hindun, preceding the last Siege of Delhi, some soldiers of the 60th Rifles died after drinking ex cessive quantities of the muddy water they could alone obtain, and the men of that regiment are to this day persuaded that their comrades were the victims of a foul conspiracy of the enemy to poison, the wells. On the 26th June M'CLELLAN'S lines extended in a semi-circle around Richmond. On the 2d July what remained of his army was massed at Westover on the James River. His retreat was masterly, and the enemy accord to him the highest credit for the way in which he managed to hold his own, and check the advance of LEE'S victorious columns. His line was probably weakened by an undue extension when it lay before Richmond, and he gave his enemy the opportunity of massing against detached points an overwhelming force without the power of reinforcing the position attacked. As the Federal troops abandoned position after position they converged, and as they converged they became stronger. At Malvern Hill the con centration of Federal Artillery checked most effec tually the Confederate advance ; and the Federals began .to learn practically a well-known rule of war, that the chief element of success :ies in con centrating on a vital point a force stronger than that of your enemy.—Anglo-Anzerican Times. The Pi oposed Nicaragua Railway Company. The Standard last Monday said :—The prospec tus of the Nicaragua Railway Company (Limited), with a respectable provisional committee, has been issued to-day, for the purpose of making a transit route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, through Nicaragua, as projected by Captain Bedford Pim, R.N. At present the Panama Railway is the only means of communication between the two oceans, and since its opening a continuous stream of traffic has passed over it, yielding to the pro prietors steady and exceptional dividends. But the Panama line, though laid at the narrowest part of the isthmus, labours under several important disad vantages. Not only does it pass through a most doubtful climate, but its Atlantic terminus is much exposed to the " Northerns," which are the dread of all shipping in those latitudes ; while its Pacific terminus lies in a region of calms so continuous as to render it very difficult for any merchant vessels, except steamers, to approach or leave the port. The Panama line is, therefore, viewed chiefly as a pas senger route, but it has from the outset been obvious that no single route would be adequate even to the requirements of the passenger traffic between the two oceans. Hence another route was established from Greytown, on the Atlantic, to the Lake of Nicaragua, by steam boats, on the River San Juan, and thence, after crossing the lake, by land journey from Virgin Bay to San Juan del Sur, on the Pacific; and notwithstanding the discomfort attend ing the mode of conveyance by that route, yet as many as 2,000 passengers per month have been car ried over it. The latter route is now practically useless for general merchandise, owing to the silting up of the River San Juan and Greytown Harbour. The manifest advantages possessed by Nicaragua for tratsit purposes led Captain Bedford Pim in 1859-60, then senior naval officier at Greytown, carefully to examine the northern coast line, when he found at Monkey Point there was an excellent natural harbour, capable of affording all the shelter that could be desired for the widely-extended commerce which must of necessity find. Its way to it when the projected line is opened. The excellence of this harbour has since been confirmed by a survey made by the United States Government. On the Pacific side of Captain Pim's route, the port of Realejo, which was thoroughly surveyed by order of the British Government, is one of the finest har bours to be found on that coast. Captain Pim, having cut a track through the wooded portion of the country lying between the Atlantic and the Lake of Nicaragua, and thus proved the feasibility of the project obtained from the Congress and Govern ment of Nicaragua a concession for the construction of the railway, together with valuable collateral advantages and privileges, the whole of which will be transferred by him to the company. The lake, which lies in the line of the proposed route, permits the gradual development of the uaclertaking ; as, in the first instance, two terminal lines of railway may be laid, and the connection between them car ried on temporarily by steam boats on the lake. The railway is to he constructed with great regard to economy as a light single line, capable of con veying passengers and goods at a moderate rate of speed. It is estimated that the first issue of shares now to be made will be sufficient to complete a through communication between the oceans, by the use of the lake, so that the undertaking will no doubt prove remunerative at an early period. No estimate of profits is given, but it is stated that the Panama Company pays regular dividends of 24 per cent., and last year gave besides a bonus of 40 per cent. It is also said that when the construction account of that company was closed in 1859 the gross outlay had been $8,000,000, and that in the first seven years (during only four of which the entire line was open) the net earnings were nearly $6,000,000, or nearly 75 per cent, on the gross outlay. These results have been obtained from the Panama Company with all its disadvantages, and therefore the Nicaragua Company, with its harbours and climate, bids fair tobe an unusually good investment. This route will also be a saving of 700 miles in dis tance, and three days in time, as compared with that by Panama. The capital of the company is £1,000,000, in shares of £lO each. Only half is now to be issued, and the first shareholders will receive, from the free grants of land conceded to the company in perpetuity, ten acres for each share allotted, which privilege, exclusive of the returns expected from ..the railway, is of itself considered a valuable consideration. The deposit on applica tion is 10s. per share, and 30s. after allotment, but is not to be payable before 24th January next. MILITARY ACTION IN RIOTS. A committee has been formed for considering the application of martial law under certain circum stances, and to define the duties of the civil and military authorities where disturbances may arise. The committee consists of Sir EDWARD LUGARD, Lord WILLIAM PAULET, Sir HENRY STORKS, Mr. ELLIOT, and Mr. VERNON LUSHINGTON. The first three are general officers, the last is Deputy Judge- Advocate-Geneial. The subject is one that does not admit of delay, considering that at any time we may be involved in a civil war in Ireland. At pre sent there is absolutely no guide to direct officers of the army when acting against insurgents. The position of an officer when in the command of troops employed in the suppression of a riot is one of extreme danger. He has no fixed law for his guide. If he acts vigorously, he is liable to be hanged; if he hesitates and fears to move, he is liable to be dismissed with disgrace. If any man can be said to be on the horns of a dilemma, an army officer when so placed is that person: Nothing can be more vague than the rules laid down by the Horse Guards, and military law does little to aid the officer in his difficulty. Can any lawyer inform us what the proclamation of martial law means? How far is an officer justified in acting against rioters engaged in burning, plundering, and murdering? Is it necessary first to read the Riot Act, and must theßiot Act be read by a magistrate, and authority be given by him before the officer can direct the force under his command to attack the insurgents ? When such authority is given, who is to control the movements and stop the bloodshed? During the Gordon Riots London was held in terror by a mob, who burnt down churches, plundered houses and gunshops, broke into gaola, and slew citizens with comparative impunity. The military were under the impression that a clear hour was allowed by law, after the Riot Act had been read, for the mob to disperse. The rioters employed that hour, in presence of the sol diers, in completing their operations, and all Lon don might have been destroyed had so insane an error continued to be held. When the troops were employed Vigorously and without delay the riots were suppressed. But the enormities perpe trated alone justified the steps taken by the troops. The vigorous action which would have prevented so large a portion of the plunder and bloodshed would have been held to be unjustifiable if the con sequences of the delay had not been shown by the results, and in that case the authorities would have drawn on themselves a large measure of public in dignation. In the Bristol Riots, if we recall the story aright, an officer in command of a squadron of cavalry endeavoured to force a magistrate to accompany him anddirect him in his operations. The magistrate refused, and the officer declined to act. The result was disastrous, and the question arose whether the magistrate was justified in the course he pursued, and the officer in that he had taken. A judge pronounced a very distinct opinion on the conduct of the magistrate. He held that it was not the business of such a functionary to ride at the head of a squadron of cavalry, and that he was justified in declining to do so. He was not armed or trained to the use of arms, or to the evolutions of cavalry, and therefore he could not fairly be expected to place himself in a post of danger for which his training had not fitted him. But then arises the question—How, in his absence, was the officer to act? If a body of troops be called in for the pro tection of a town, and the town be plundered in the presence of 'these troops, the officer in command must suffer. Generally, in these cases, the magis trate gets out of the way, and leaves the com mander to act at his .discretion. The unfortunate man, ignorant of the law, knows that he works with a halter round his neck, and, in proportion to his ignorance, his fears are increased of acting con trary to the spirit of our statutes. The indecision thus produced gives an impetus to the riots, and leads eventually to disastrous consequences. A shower of brickbats exasperates the soldiers, and the impunity with which the missiles are hurled emboldens the mob. The troops are eventually driven to act in self-defence, and the bloodshed is in creased by the feelings of anger, excited by the an noyances to which they had been subjected. The system at present in vogue is to throw all the diffi culties and responsibility on the officer in command. It is necessary, therefore, to define more clearly what his conduct should be in the face of rioters, both in justice to himself and in justice to the lives and property he is ordered to protect. The mode of street fighting and the plan of direct ing the fire is clearly enough laid down. But these are mere military details, which cannot help the officer in arriving at his de cision when he is to act in earnest, or if the circum stances warrant him in acting at all. When two mobs are opposed to each other, as was lately the ease in Belfast, the difficulties of the soldier are, if possible, increased. The magistrate is pretty sure to be a partisan, and the officer can scarcely act without being denounced by some one, most pro bably by everybody. Thus in the case of the New Orleans massacre, had the troops of the United States been compelled to fight, it would have been impossible for them to act without breaking the law. On the one side they would have been opposed to the civic authorities and the police; on the other, to loyal citizens who assumed to be assembled in a State Convention. Happily for the officers of the United States army they are not trammelled by the absurd regulations which bind the British army, and are allowed greater licence, to take the steps dictated by common sense to preserve the peace. In England so great is the horror of military in terference that nothing but very distinct ,regula tions, which an officer could show he had not in fringed, would avail to save him inthe to suppression of a rio t. But such regulations have now no existence, and in justice to military men it is but fair that they should be embodied without delay. We may therefore congratulate the British army in the for mation of this Committee, and it is to be hoped that they may be authorised to extend their inquiry to the whole procedure of military law.—Anglo- Amerian Times. STIR' C OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.--It is not very surprising to find that the story of the Simla Court-Martial, though now nearly forgotten in this country, is still the subject of hot debate in India. There, at any rate, Sir William Mansfield is 'not without supporters, and it is even said that some reaction in his favour has occurred since the termination of the case. We shall probably hear more of _the matter before long, and, indeed, the decision of the Home Government on the ques,ion, whatever it may be, will necessa rily reopen the controversy and revive the interest of the public. We are bound, however, to say that, so far as we can discover, nothing has appeared in the shape either of argument or 'fact to affect the conclusion which was formed by impartial judges on the issue of the trial. Captain Jervis, being controller of Sir William 'Mansfield's household, was charged by him with peculati on an d em b ezz l emen t. tindr this imputation he behaved with disobedience and insubordination towards his military superior, and in the end was brought to a Court-martial on the double charge of breach of honesty and breach of discipline. He was acquitted on the first of these indictments, but convicted on the second. The Court sentenced him, necessarily, according to military law, to be dismissed the service ; but at the same time recommended him to mercy. This recommendation, however, Sir William Mansfield, who united the capacities of prosecutor and Coin mander-in-Chief in his own person, refused to ac cept. He confirmed the sentence instead of re mitting it, and thus virtually punished on his own sole authority, in opposition to the advice of a Court of Justice, au offender who had been pro voked to offence by his own proceedings. The Court-martial, when it acquitted Captain Jervis of the dishonesty imputed to him by Sir William, evidently considered that the imputation furnished some excuse for the professional misbehaviour of which he had really been guilty. Sir William would not adopt this opinion, but acted as if his original impressions in the case remained unaffected by the finding of the court. These being the facts, the opinion of the public in this country was soon pronounced. It was felt that if a court of justice, after weeks of patient inquiry, could be persuaded of Captain Jervis's innocence on the criminal charges, Sir William himself might have arrived at that opinion personally by judicious management, and so have averted a public scandal. It was also felt that, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, Sir William should undoubtedly have sup presied his own private persuasions, whatever they might be, in deference to the judgment of a com petent tribunal. He could, beyond doubt, confirm or annul the sentence at his discretion, and he had a right to that iniepentlent authority which his office conferred upon him. But the rejection of the Court's advice—a somewhat harsh and invidious course in any case —was open to far graver miscon struction in the case before him. He was punishing not only an offence committed against himself, but an offence which would not have been committed except for a mistake of his own ; and the proceed ing, therefore, was ill-judged and calculated to bring obloquy upon himself and do harm to the service. Both These results, in fact, have been ac tually experienced ; and yet Sir William's friends are disposed to defend him, and assert that the course which he adopted was more honourable than that which he declined. We are assured by theSe advocates that the idea of a young and defenceless prisoner, overpowered by the influence and authority of an irresistible accuser, is altogether mistaken. They say that the aide-de-camp had many more friends in Indian society than the commander-ia - chief, and that far greater influence was employed in his behalf than was arrayed against him. They argue, in fact, that the whole trial from beginning to end proceeded under conditions favourable to the prisoner, and that the final verdict, although it did not actually go so far as an " honourable" acquittal, was re garded as against the evidence of those whose duty it was to revise it. They say that the prisoner took advantage of all kinds of expedients to ob scure the truth, and yet scarcely succeeded, and they arrive by such reasoning at the natural con clusion that the Commander-in-Chief, being in vested with authority to correct erroneous verdicts, was justified in doing so on this occasion, and ought, in short, to be respected for so doing instead of de clining, for the sake of peace and quietness, such an exercise of his lawful responsibility. We cannot see that in all this there is one single point of tenable ground. The decision of a Court is nothing if it is not decisive. We cannot enter into any questions about the narrowness of the majority by which an acquittal was pronounced, or the true purport of ,the evidence, or the influences under which the pro ceedings were conducted. For that matter, indeed, the complaints are quite as loud on the other side, and the printed reports of the trial contain enough to convince us that if the Court allowed some ambiguous declaration on the part of the prisoner, it listened to remarks quite as questionable on the part of the prosecution. In such cases, the only thing to be taken and considered is the net result. The Court, after hearing all that could possibly be said on either side, did acquit Captain Jervis, and if it did not acquit him " honourably" in set terms, it did, at any rate, think him so far injured or justified as to recommend . him to mercy. That simple fact is all that the public can consider, and all that Sir William Mansfield ought to have con sidered. If, indeed, be had been personally un concerned in the case, it might, possibly enough, have been wise in him to overrule a decision to which he saw strong objections. As it was, such a course was sure to assume so bad a complexion in the eyes of the army and the world that it ought to have been unhesitatingly rejected. Sir William Mansfield might have firmly and con scientiously believed that Captain Jervis was an unfit person to be retained in her Majesty's no' vice, but the fact was before him that a Court of Justice had decided otherwise, and by that decision, under the Circumstances, he should undoubtedly have been guided. It is of no avail to argue about the real merits or demerits of Captain Jervis as an officer or an aide-de-camp. Nobody can possibly presume to form a better opinion on that question than the members of the Court who, officers and gentlemen themselves, decided, after a most pro tracted investigation, in Captain Jervis's favour. Putting even the worst sense upon the verdict, and assuming, for argument's sake, that it meant only that the Court could not be satisfied of the pri' soner's guilt, we must still conclude that the sane doubt ought to have been entertained and allowed by the Commander-in-Chief. There is but one point on which Sir William Mansfield can expect any sympathy. It is believed by all who know him, and may, we dare say, be safely bc..lieved by tbc se , who do not know him that he has not been actuatca, in these proceedings by any vindictiVe or tyrannical motives, but solely by consideration of duty an d principle as they presented themselves to his mint He was, in point of fact, absolutely impressed wit', the substantial guilt of his aide-de- cam p from firs' to last, and, being possessed with these convictions , ' he took the responsibility of acting upon them. W e have not the least wish tc. deprive him of the credit due to such a justification. We may imagine that the error has really been an error of judgment alone, but an error it is nevertheless. - When Sir liam Mansfield found himself combining in bis ova; person the two capacities of private prosecutor aud! judge of appeal he should have forgotten all that belonged to the former position. Unfortunately, 1 1 allowed his private convictions to ru le his official decision, and for this mistake it is no excuse to sal that the convictions were conscientiously enter tained. COUNTILY COLCHESTER—DEc. 8. A rather scarce supply of wheat at market, which o ld at a reduction of is on second-rate samples from the ,pre vious week ; best sorts at late rates. Barley was offered more freely, at is to 2s lower. Beans is per qr cheaper, and peas quiet, but unchanged in value. Wheat, white.... 2s lt s Beane, Mazagan.,„.,33 B 4 , ° „ 3 red 60s 668 Middle and small 44s 40 ' tsarley 42s 563 Peas, white 388 42s 42$ Oats grey CHELMSFORD—DEC. 7. At the market to-day wheat was in fair supply, the trade was inactive, and best wheat receded 10 an inferior 2s per quarter. Barley in limited request, and SI sustained a reduction of about 2s per qr. Oats dispos e, of at former terms. Beans 2s cheaper. Peas dull Peas, Partridge 4:s tr s White ..328 " B fling .... .. 8 40a Dun... . . g dit o, new....- - s Beans, Tick, old ......4 0 s new. —3BB 413 . Harrow ticks 42s . . 433448 .Wheat, old white....s2s 664 new . s old red fiOs new. 5Js 58s Barley . 26s 3:,s Lhevalier -- 8 —s Grindng •5s 308 Malt sBs tO3 Chevalier 6 , 8 62 e Oats GRANTHAM—DEC. 8. Old white wheat, 58s to 61s; old red, 54s to 58s ; n e°/ white, 54s to 58s ; new red, 498 to 54s per 36 stone. M ir ; ley for malting,' 38s to 485 per qr. ; grinding, 30s to 34s Pe i 30 stone. Oats, old, 30s- to 32 5; new , 25s to 30s per 2 stone. Beans, old, 42s to 52s ; new, 39s to 46s per 38 stone' Peas, 35s to 40s per 36 stone. NORTHAMPTON—DEC. 8. New white wheat, 56s to 60s ; new red, 50s to 56s ; old white, 58s to 62s ; old red, 56s to 59s per 36 stone. Bar for malting, 42s to 51s per qr. ; gr i n di ng , 29 s t o 36s per 3 ,, stone. Oats, old, 26s to 33s ' • new, 23s to 32s per 24 sr u , -. Beans, old, 46s to 49s ; new, 42s to 45s per 38 stone. xe — ' 38s to 42s per 36 stone. ABERDEEN—DEC. 7. The attendance at the corn market to-day was prel fair, but there was little business doing. Oats were is an barley 2s down. White wheat 52s Od to 60s Oa 62ib to bushel' Red wheat 48s Od. to 55s 0d j' Potato oats 24s Od to Ns Od C 401 v bushel° Common oats 23s 6d to 25s Odf Bere 31s Od to 32s 6d ( 53 tb ? bushel' Barley 32s Od to 33s °di - Oatmeal 20s 6d to 21s 6d ?b o ll of 280 11) Flour, flue 43s Od. to 50s 6d sack of 280' • KIRKCALDY—DEc. 8. t. Good supplies of barley and oats, but small of W he3 Wheat 2s and barley and oats is down. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First, s;s id ; 3:is .41 22s Od t•econd s7s 0.1 ' 37s 25s lid Tuird tiOs 01 !Os Od 28s Od COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. j, s. d. 20 o Wylam l7 •O Eden Main 18 (I i Walls End ilettOu ... 22 6 Pittington Hetton Lyons ........19 3 East Hartlepool 21 'l, West Hartley Walls End Haswell... 22 6 Caraduc ............... .Lambert's W.llartley 17 9 Cassop ............ 2 1 6 Bradyell's Hetton .... 21 6 Framwellgate ... . ....... 1 9 0 Original Hartlepool .. 22 6 Kepier Grange......... 20 Ships at market, 51—sold, 44. FOreagil racKeL List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southamaptoa. ...Dec. .2°• Ditto, via Marseilles Brazil and Cape Verds. by British packet. ** .. .. .. .... Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good liope„teeension. and St. China, Penang. and Sing:ipere, via Southampton Dec Ditto, via Marseilles ealkland Islands ' Gibraltar, via Southampton DOG, 1 4 • India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southamptou Del 21' Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. Dec. Ditto, via ktarseilles . Dee , 23 Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Dec. 14 * Ditto, via Marseilles Dec. 14 Mauritius, via Southampton Dec. 24 Ditto, via Museil:e 3... :stewfoundland Portuga) , Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon... . •• • • United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet. Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton Ditto, via Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry _Deo. . 1 :.! West Coat.t of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ....DOC. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas and Honduras) Dce. 1 5 8aham,...4, via New York. Dec - Cuba and Mexieo....~ . Bermuda, via Halifax Del Iv ABUNDANCE OF SALMON.—SaImon have duri l f the past weak been coming from the salt water and pt l° ' lug their way up the Test for spawning ground in une t; ampled abundance. It is interesting to watch 000 the mill-hatches, which occasionally impede their progreP; up the river, where they may be seen—sometimes three four together—leaping out of the water in desperate el?' deavours to master the strong and swift and foaming eti ; rent which flows through the hatchways—to see ti 3 t, baffled by the torrent, and presently repeating the atteniPa At most of the mills on the Test ladders have been p ia e n e d for their special convenience, and many, no doubt, fi their way by that route.—Hants Advertiser. r ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pillfind Self Help.—ln sickness it was a momentous matter to re , an easy ready, and reliable remedy for outward disligudis ments and inward disorders before 'the inestimabl e ,t covert' of these preparations. No invalid need now b e ir s, a loss for successfully manao'ng ulcers, sores, tuel° l " de , boils, bruises, sprains, &c. Enveloping Molloway's W e i e f,t cities are very intelligibly printed direetions for ti s , o , them, which should be attentively studied, and jo: 0 t. diately followed by the application of his treatu''' ve t Sooner or latter the sufferer will assuredly triumph ° r oe the worst diseases. This searching Ointment dibredie all those malignant humours which aggravate nutl ice rth eases of the skin, often prevent the cicatrisation of systems and even kindle inflammatory tendencies in the ROO 'S London : Printed mid Pubiinhed by WILLIAM AND- l it, of No. 112, Strand, PI inter at TETE Sufi Ofte, 5° , • ., of Strand, in tile Precinct of the Sav , y , in the Goe- 9 `' Mlddieee —Tuesday,r. Tuesday, December 11, 16€.8. IIEI Thi s D nl)lin It i s some, Sold 1 by the n(4, R, I nbs er 4 ziaa. ' 4 O - Zjiq rr o fre e 012411 C~v I'URI Part!, ^:orith ~A e h ' C 4 h t4 e lsta ~ I ~ E kr e Th„ keht °W 1 1 1 1 4 0 d i :I E pi te e l be, 14 1 : 1 ';chl treel!glit ti ,Th e 4 't;Or f - Nat .4 t4re i In tip z .Th e Kry fo I\l ot to Osl e ' be 1 0 , pi. 0 j c. t t „ B iee t 411 st c flifi Pabl t bA• A eCU 4 4 4 4 t6 it T6`°•l lhot a e 111 ea c deg .80 at r be 1 ,000 81 3 Oh ' 4 l 111 ‘tiz O f tl ,?12 0 ii tB in letan, tf) t a , I ve p z i !'iti• 14 11 1 , 1 'R R clpsj lip hail is of l-0,7 it ,t h et. . 41 a In i thc, flll fi -14 Re ttt tii. ell N?he a 1) ei t t .1 14 ed klyt e ttlat t If t e hal lato the he r a o f Births. iq• ‘,/ DICKINSON—On the Gth inst., at Hastings, the wit ° Dickinson, Esq., of twin daughters. • „ r O, ELLIOT—On the Bth inst., at 6. Colme-street, the Hon. Mrs. Charles Elliot, of a son. vif ° MORRIS—On the sth inst., at Englemere, Ascot, the of Mowbray Morris, Esq., of a son. Pr of WAll—On the Bth inst., at Oxford, the wife of rt ° '` .- Wall, of a son. Marriages. 6 511 GENESTE —MACBEAN —On the 10th inst, at the 3 see church of St. Botolph, Lond o n, Maximilian Hodge °., ' fel° of the late Rev. M. Geneste, M.A. , of West OuvlThet'' of Wight, to Sarah Harriet, only child of the IP ° - Sir Wm. Macbean, K.C.B. PRIEST—WOOD —On the Bth inst. at at St. Bride's, f - ,;* et street, Albert, second sou of the late W. Priest , ' 7 .fici , Tudor-street, and Addlestone, Suirey, to Marth a only daughter of E. G. Wood, Esq., of 74, Cheapsiue. Deaths. 11 v J. Aitis—On the Bth inst., at 15, British-street, B e ' ' Aris, aged 83. James DANIES —On the 10th inst. ' at 5, Hinde-street, J ain — Davies, Esq., onlyison of W. Davies, Esq. Tfoir FREDERICK - On the sth inst., at Shawford House , shire, General Frederick, C.B. FRERE— On the Bth inst., at Shillington Vicarage,llltoh James Hartley-Frere, Esq., aged 87. GOODWIN—On tho 9th inst., at Buckhurst Hill, EsseSl James Goodwin, aged 78. t r HUNT -On the Bth inst., at The Rookery, Han dsW° near Birmingham, Samuel Hunt, Esq., aged 79. late RoWE—On the Bth inst., at Surbiton-hill, M. Bov e ' of Woburn-place, aged 83. 'v U At Az: GL TR