The Sun. — London, England, 1865-10-10 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence. VALETTA, Oct. s.—ller Majesty's screw corvette Chanticleer, 17, Commander W.Fenwick, arrived on Friday from Leghorn, where H. she left the Com mander-in-Chief on the 21st of September. She left aga in on Tuesday for the Pincus of Athens with stores for the Meeanee, 60, Capt. G. Wodehouse. The Pelican, 17, screw corvette, Commander R. P. Cator, left on Sunday for Naples, with despatches for the squadron. The Assurance, 4, screw gun vessel, Commander H. B. Woolcombe, and the Cockatrice, 2, Lieut.-Commanding R. M. Gillson, arrived on the Ist inst. from Constantinople, and arc now performing their 20 days' quarantine. The Turkish screw corvette Ismir, 19, and Brousse, 19, arrived on the 3d inst. from Scio, and are likewise in quarantine. The Peninsular and Oriental Com pany's new steamship Mongolia arrived on the 29th ult. from Southampton and Gibraltar, having on board the following officers for Malta :—Major Hardy and Mrs. Hardy, Capt. Humfrey, Lieut. T. Gilpin, Capt. Bushfield, Capt. Astley, Lieut. W. P. Clarke, Mr. E. Hills, R.N.,Lieut. Beatty, and two non-commissioned officers. YV On Monday the Commander-in-Chief visited Colchester for the purpose of inspecting the troops comprised in that garrison. The visit had been ex pected for some time, and both infantry and cavalry have been kept under extra drill. The Duke, who was accompanied by Col. Weatherall, Col. Mac donald, and Col. Clifton, travelled by the quick train leaving London at 10 a.m., and due at Colches ter at 11.15. On his arrival he was met by Col. Borton,C.B.,Commandant of the Garrison, Brigadier Major Leggett, Col. Knox, R.A., Sir William O'Malley, Barrack Master, Dr. Dane, D eputy Inspec tor-General of Hospitals, &c. The troops were marched to Middlewell Farm, an extensive Govern ment property, about two miles out of the town, and drawn up in line by half-past 11 o'clock. They con sisted of the 17th Lancers, undcr the command of Col. White, 4th Depot Battalion, Col. Farren, C. 8., and Bth Depot Battalion, Col. Street, C. 8., in all a force of about 2,000 men. The Commander-in- Chief arrived on the ground about ,12 o'clock, and was received with the general salute, and after an inspection in line the infantry marched past and the cavalrypassed at a trot. Line havingbeen re-formed, the infantry went thrimgh the manual and platoon exercise and file and volley firing, both of which were highly effective, followed by skirmishing, the cavalry in the meantime going through the lance exercise, which not only presented a brilliant spectacle, but was specially commended by the Duke. At the close of the movements, which occupied an hour and a half, the commanding officers of the cavalry and the infantry battalions were called forward, and received from his royal highness an expression of his thorough satisfaction with all that he had seen. On his return route the Duke inspected the new gymnasium, which is nearly ready to be put in operation, and, in pass ing through the old hut barracks, visited the hospi tal. Ile then proceeded to the cavalry barracks, adjacent, and lunched with Col. White and the offi cers of the 17th Lancers, of which regiment his royal highness was formerly lieutenant-colonel, leaving the town by the 4.35 p.m. train. The streets of Col chester arere decorated with flags, and the church bells were rung in honour of the royal visit. During the past week the half-yearly inspections of regiments have been actively proceeded with at Aldershot, in every instance with the most satisfac tory results. The Bth (King's Royal Irish) Hus sars, under the command of Lieut.-Col. F. E. Mac naghten, were inspected on Monday and Tuesday by Major-General Ilodge, C. 8., commanding the Cavalry Brigade. On the first day the general saw the non-commissioned officers, troops, and recruits go through their exercise on horseback in the riding school, and subsequently the officers of the regiment. He also visited the regimental hospital. On Tues day the Major-General inspected the officers' chargers and troop horses, visited the school appro priated to children, the veterinary and other stables, examined the books of the regiment and the men's rooms and dinners, concluding his inspection by a full-dress parade, at which the carbine drill and the sword exercise were performed. The 21st (North British) Fusileers, under the command of Col. J. R. Stuart, C. 8., were inspected on Monday by Major-Gen. Russell, C.B. The regiment marched past in slow and quick time, and was exercised in various interesting battalion and light infantry ma nceuvres, which were performed with the utmost steadiness and precision. The Ist battalion 17th Regiment, under the command of Col. W. Gordon, was inspected on Monday by Major-Gen. Lord 11. Percy, V.C. After examining the books and the men's kits, the Major-General inspected the regi ment in open column of companies. The regiment afterwards marched past in slow time, was formed into line, and put through the manual and platoon exercises by Lieut.-Col. Brice, and the bayonet ex ercise in slow and quick time by Capt. King. The 92d (Gordon) Highlanders, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Hamilton, were inspected on Tuesday by Major-Gen. Lord 11. Percy, V.C. After the officers and non-commissioned officers had been put through the sword exercise and the men's kits exa mined, the regiment was inspected in open columns of companies as it marched past in slow time and while being wheeled into line. It was then put through the manual, platoon, and bayonet exercises, the inspection concluding with several battalion movements under the direction of Major St. John and Capts. Parker, Gooch, Murphy, and Hay. The 31st (Hunts.) Regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Eagar, was inspected on Wednesday by Major-Gen. Russell. The regiment marched past in slow and quick time, wheeled into line, and was put through the manual and platoon exercises by Major Westhead, and through the bayonet exer cise in slow and quick time by Major Dickens. The regiment next performed several battalion and field movements under the command of Col. Eagar, and was drilled by Capt. Christien, Capt. Prevost, and Major Forbes. It then advanced in quick and slow time in review order, halted, and gave a general salute by presenting arms. The 74th Highlanders, under the command of Lieut.-Col. M‘Leod, were inspected on Wednesday by Major-Gen. Lord H. Percy. After seeing the officers and non-commis sioned officers go through the sword exercise, exa mining the books, kits, dinners, and huts, the Major-Gen. inspected the regiment in open columns of companies, after which it marched past in slow time, and was wheeled into line. Major Jago put the regiment through the manual and platoon exer cises, and Major Irby put it through the bayonet exercise in slow and quick time. The regiment was then put through several battalion manceuvres by Capts. Davies, Thackeray, M'Crummen, Martin, and Campbell, all of which were satisfactorily per formed. The 85th (King's Light Infantry) Regt., under the command of Major Appleyard, was in spected on Thursday by Major-Gen. Lord Percy. The regiment, after marching past in slow time in Open columns of companies, formed line, and was put through the manual and platoon exercises by Major Appleyard, and through the bayonet exercise by Major Thompson. Line was then reformed, and the regiment exercised in several battalion ma n _ cevres by Capts. Taylor, Cozens, Noyes, Barton, and Galbraith. The 14th (King's) Hussars, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Thomson, were inspected on Thursday byMajor-Gen. Hodge. In the morning the General inspected. remounts, officers' charges, bar rack-rooms, regimental school, married quarters, and stables. Ther e was a f oot parade in the after noon, when the regiment went through the cus tomary movements with steadiness and precision. The 69th Regiment and the Royal Engineer Train have also been inspected during the k wee . The generals engaged in the work of inspection have ex pressed their entire approbation of the interior eco nomy of the different regiments, the appearance of the men under arms, and the high efficiency which they exhibit. The inspections will be continued dur ing the present week. Lieut.-Gen. the lion. Sir James Yorke Scarlett, K.C.8., has assumed the command of the Aldershot Division, and has expressed in a divisional order his confident reliance on the support of officers of all ranks in carrying out the duties. Yesterday Majo-Gen. Sir R. Walpole, K.C.8., commanding the forces in the Chatham district, re sumed his half -Yearly inspection of the battalions of infantry at the garrison, taking up the inspection at the point terminated in the previous week. At the conclusion of the inspection of the three depot bat- talions Gen. Walpole will commence his half-yearly inspection of the corps of Royal Engineers. Prince Amadeus of Italy, attended by the Marquis d'Azeglio, the Italian Minister ; Count Maffei, Sec retary to the Legation ; the Marquis Balbi, and Count Pollenzo, drove down to Woolwich yester day morning in two of the Queen's carriages, and inspected a portion of the mounted troops in review order on Woolwich common. The Prince was re- ceived on his arrival with the honours due to his rank, and entered the garrison under a salute of 21 guns from the Greenhill battery. He wore the full dress uniform of colonel of an Italian cavalry regi ment, to which he has recently been appointed. Major-Gen. Warde, Commandant, accompanied by the garrison staff, received his Royal Highness on his arrival, and the whole party proceeded to the common shortly before twelve o'clock, where ;,he Prince was received with a general salute. The whole of the field batteries of the Royal Horse Artillery, two batteries of the 4th Brigade Field Artillery, and one 40-pounder battery in com mand of Col. Crofton, were drawn up in readiness to perform a series of evolutions. After inspecting the line the batteries marched past and withdrew to the rear, when they limbered up. They advanced in order of battle, fired, and went through a course of active field manoeuvres, which the Prince appeared to witness with very great interest, making various remarks of his approval and admiration of the per formances, which, in spite of the incessant rain, were executed with spirit and precision. The Prince and his attendants subsequently proceeded to an inspection of the Royal Military Academy, the gar rison stables, &c., and were afterwards entertained at luncheon. At three o'clock they entered the car riages and went down to the Royal Arsenal for the purpose of going over the whole of the departments. They were received at the entrance of the establish ment by Col. Campbell and Mr. Anderson, Super intendent and Assistant - Superintendent of the Royal gun factories, and Mr. W. A. Holwell, De puty-Superintendent of the military store depart ment. The Prince visited the Royal gun factories, Royal carriage department, and the Royal labora tory, and left Woolwich for London at a quarter past five p.m. The 87th Regiment (Royal Irish Fusiliers), Lieut.-Col. Alex. Murray, was inspected at South sea-common, Portsmouth, on Saturday, by Lieut.- Gen. Sir G. Buller, K.C.B. The regiment presented a very fine soldierly appearance. The crew of the screw steam sloop Greyhound, 17, Capt. Stirling, in Plymouth Sound, were in spected yesterday morning by Port-Admiral Sir C. Fremantle, K.C.B. His Swedish Majesty's frigate Vanadis, Capt. K. L. Nattochdag, left Plymouth Sound under steam yesterday morning, and proceeded to the westward. The iron screw steam storeship Wye, Commander Valentine G. Roberts, which arrived at Plymouth from the coast of Africa on Sunday night, is under orders to proceed to Woolwich. The screw steam sloop Zebra, 17, Commander Charles G. Lindsay, which arrived in Plymouth Sound on Sunday night, left her station at the West Coast of Africa, under orders from Commodore Wilmot, in consequence of the prevalence of the coast fever on board. The natives having burnt the towns of Contar and Mallaghea and several Euro pean factories, the Governor of Sierra Leone sent the Zebra up the river Mellacoree, where she was engaged for a fortnight, during which time 17 pri soners were taken by the resident chiefs, who de prived six of them of their right hands, that being the native mode of punishment. On returning to Sierra Leone the Zebra was ordered to Ascension for the restoration of the health of her crew, but as they continue sick a medical survey was held, and the ship was ordered to England. She left Ascen sion August 21, and Fayal September 25. On the 17th of August the Zebra had 100 of her crew on the sick list. Yesterday three officers and 14 men were sent to the Royal Naval Hospital ; 30 remain on board on the sick list. Her crew are still very weak and debilitated. During the Zebra's commis sion, Dr. Craig, Assist.-Surg. Joseph O'Brien, Andrew Farmer, master, and 14 men have died. The Zebra left at Ascension the Rattesnake, Com modore Wilmot, C. 8., the Snipe, the Lee, and the Wye. The Lee left on the 19th of August for St. Helena, taking with her the Bishop of that island. Afterwards she was to proceed to the river Congo. In the Southern division were the Archer, the Speed well, the Pandora, the Pioneer, and the Landrail. In the Bight of Benin were the Dart, the Spar row, the Vindictive, the Snipe, and' the Espoir ; in the north division the Greyhound and Isis. On the passage home very heavy easterly winds were expe rienced. On the 7th October, off the Lizard the Zebra spoke the passenger ship Jason, 92 days from Sydney. The Zebra was commissioned on April 3, 1862, at Sheerness, by Commander Hoskins, who, in conse quence of his activity on the coast, was promoted, and returned to England in February, 1864, being relieved by Commander Lindsay, who brings the sloop home. After receiving coal and fresh provi sions she will proceed to Portsmouth, where her crew will be paid off. Capt. F. Scott, C. 8., A.D.C. to the Queen, Flag- Capt. to the Port Admiral and Naval Commander in-Chief at Portsmouth, Sir M. Seymour, G.C.8., resumed the command of her Majesty's ship Victory at Portsmouth on Saturday on return from leave of absence. By direction of the Admiralty, and in accordance with the request of the corporation of the city of Rochester, the whole of the sailing vessels of war which have for years been lying in the Medway, be tween Chatham dockyard and Rochester-bridge, and materially interfering with the navigation of the river near the entrance to the port, have been re moved, and the moorings taken up, leaving, for the first time, a clear channel-way for the numerous merchant craft entering and leaving the port. The whole of the establishments at Chatham dock yard were closed on Saturday afternoon and the workmen granted a holiday, to enable them to see the regatta which took place in the Medway, above Rochester-bridge, under the patronage of Capt. Su perintendent W. H. Stewart, C. 8., and the princi pal officials of the dockyard. The time thus granted by the Admiralty will be made up by the whole of the hands working additional hours during the pre sent week. The large floating shears in Chatham harbour have been lent to Messrs. Penn and Sons, engineers, Greenwich, for the purpose of lifting the heavy por tions of the engines and machinery on board the iron-cased frigate Marhousse, just completed for the Turkish Government. The following appointments were made on Satur day at the Admiralty :—G. J. Ayre, surg., to the Bristol ; J. Hudson, surg., to the Fisgard ; T. L. Bickford, assist.-surg., to the Bristol ; Dr. W. M‘Dumott, assist.-surg., additional, to the Bristol ; W. H. F. Buckley, acting assist.-surg., to the Bristol ; J. Conde, engineer, to the Bristol ; C. W. G. Chambers and A. Long, engineers, to the Bristol ; W. Miller, engineer, to the Dauntless ; D. Storrar, first-class assist.-engineer, to the Bristol ; N. H. Rowe, second-class assist.-engineer, to the Bristol. In the Naval Intelligence of the sth inst., instead of " Walter Horace Binnfield," promoted to be acting engineer to the Wye," read " Walter Horace Brimfield." FIRING OF STACK -YARDS AND FARM-BUILDINGS. —At 1 o'clock on Sunday morning a woman who lives near the homestead of Mr. Peter Brungate, at Chapel Haddlesey, near Selby, observed flames issuing from the stackyard, and immediately gave an alarm. Assistance was sent for to Selby, and soon after the sounding of the fire-bells at the Abbey Church many persons hurried to the scene of the disaster. Tho Fire Brigade from Pontefract wore also brought to the spot as soon as possible, but, though plenty of water could be got froni the river Aire, the whole contents of the stackyard were destroyed—viz., two very large clover, ono hay, one pea, two barley, and two oat stacks. Several adjacent farm-buildings were also destroyed, as well as the implements which they contained. The property was valued at £7OO or ..£BOO, but, fortunately, about a fortnight ago Mr. Brungate insured it all. A small farmer and blacksmith, whose promises aro close to those before mentioned, also had a valuable haystack consumed. A party of gypsies who had an encampment in the nigh ' bourhood—and especially one of the women—aided most actively in the exertions which were made to arrest the flames. There is every reason to believe that this is an act of incendiarism, and a malicious Irishman lately the neighbourhood is susp ec t e d. seen in THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 10, IE€E. ALPINE TOURISTS. (From a Correspondent of the Times.) BEAU RIVAGE, LAKE LEMAN, Oct. 3. I do not know how far I may be justified in put ling down among Alpine tourists mere loungers on the shores of Lake Leman. There are more heavy trunks than light knapsacks belonging to my fellow travellers here. Lace-bordered pink parasols are more numerous than iron-shod mountain staffs. The wholesome early hours of Chamounix and Aosta are at an end. People sit or saunter about up and down the terrace before the hotel, summer-clad, bare headed, till towards midnight, gazing at the un lippled lake, bathing in the mild moonbeams, and listening to the genial strains of music ; or else they take their choice inside between a polka in the grand salon, and a rubber of whist at franc-points in the cosy smoking-room. The Beau Rivage is a perfect Garden of Boccaccio. Men forget the yawning cre vasses of Mer de Glace, and the forbidding cliffs of the Matterhorn, here, as easily as the light-minded knights and ladies at Fiesole gave up every thought of the ravaging pestilence of Florence. As to the women, they are here in their glory. Nothing to do in the morning except to unpack the finery coming down from their Paris milliners, nothing to do in the evening except to outdo and• astonish each other by the blaze of their attire. We have people of all ranks here ; only not those who cannot, by taking heed and spending a mint of money, make them sslves like unto the lilies of the field. Royalty never made itself so cheap in Europe as at this season. " We have the King of Holland staying at this hotel," I hear my table d'hote vis-a-vis whispering to his neighbour. " Have we ?" is the answer, with a shrug of the shoulders ; and not one of the guests cares a pin to ascertain whether the amiable Sove reign of all the Dutch is here or at Java. "De mon temps je n' ai tant vu des Rois." Russian Prin cesses, Hungarian and Wallachian Countesses, are made much more of, for these condescend to herd with us ; while etiquette dooms crowned heads to their own separate coupe in the train, and at the hotel to the sulks and yawns of their private apart ments. For the rest, we have hardly anything like a strangers' list here. No names are asked at the door as we come in, and we are left to make out our respective rank, calling, and nation by rude guess and at our own discretion. But among those who are not utterly invisible, those who do not entirely hide themselves in the privacy of their own drawing-rooms, what scenes are going on hourly, what characters show off before us for our amusement, what odd groups are coming in by every train and leaving by every boat ! Come in with me, between dinner and bed time, into what is called the Reading-room, and should rather bear the name of Talking-room, as there are but few papers, and no quiet and leisure to read. Look round ! What do you say to that tall and lank Herr Kammerherr yonder, standing up before that table, before that cluster of sitting Germans ? You see he has not one poor tooth, natural or artificial, in his mouth ; yet his back is straight and stiff, as if he had swallowed the halberd of one of the Royal master's body guard. His face is of the colour of raw ham, and no wonder, for his seven inches' padded cravat must strangle him like a horse-collar. He moves about all of a piece ; turns round on his heels as on a pivot, for his head cannot otherwise look right or left. He has ribands at his button hole, and, I doubt not the gold key on his hip, hidden behind the skirt of his long overcoat. Ger man is the language he mumbles. His droning undertone is mysterious, consequential ; grave is the bulletin he imparts. It is his Gross-Herzog laid up with indigestion, or the " gnadige Landgrafinn" in her sulks ? Heaven alone and he can tell. Such antediluvian Hof-Marschalls are only to be found in the service of some out-at-elbow transparency. Elsewhere they are as much out of date as Court fools. Or else look at that Russian Prince paying his homage to those sprightly young American Misses on that sofa in the corner. You need not scratch very deep to come at the Tartar in that stylishly got-up Boyard. You see he has hawk's eyes and a hawk's nose, such features as would gladden the heart of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton. " Sharp is the kiss of the falcon's beak." All his tailor and coiffeur's art cannot do away with the shaggy, bristling look of the half-reclaimed barbarian. Russian as he is, the way in which he murders the Queen's English, or even tho President's American, is something awful. The eldest of the girls, who have been for a year at school at Mannheim, tries in vain to come to his relief by talking ,pretty fair German, in which he is so much more at his ease. The Prince is evidently bent on bringing about an alliance between the Colossal Empire and the Mons ter Republic. I cannot say that the suit thrives. Those girls are lively, intelligent, " sweetly pretty." There is nothing like Yankee twang about them. They are from the South, from New Orleans, I be lieve, but they have been travelling since the out break of the war. They are elegantly dressed. There are diamonds about their ears and necks, an unusual ornament, I should think, and unmeet for unmarried women. Their father has more of the Yankee look, gait, and tone about him. He i shrewd, observant, inquisitive. I cannot say whe ther he is an exile or a voluntary emigrant. He talks about American politics sensibly and dispas sionately. As to the girls, the youngest will assure you " she never exactly mastered the difference be tween Federal and Confederate." Alive as a Re publican girl ought to be to the merits of a " live Prince," the eldest of the young American ladies is evidently only bored by the Boyard's attentions. Her eye wanders listlessly in quest of other groups, attracted by her Anglo-Saxon instincts. The English present here, and they are the greatest number, do not manage to make such per fect guys of themselves as their Continental brethren. John Bull may aspire to—nay, may unconsciously achieve—originality of thought and feeling, but shrinks from singularity of outward appearance. The ladies' dresses, whatever Parisian critics may say to their disparagement, are distinguished by taste no less than by style. Their complexion has little to dread from contrast, and they certainly affect brilliant colours ; but there is neatness and harmony, an easy elegance about the attire—espe cially of the young and pretty women. The men wear morning dress or undress, even late in the evening. They have divorced their chimney-pots and swallow-tailed coats. But they invariably visit their dressing-room before dinner for all that. They would not come down without the most scrupulous toilet, even if it be demi-toilet. On that point an Englishman acts by instinct ; it is something that has nothing to do with rank or even education. The Frenchman is a petit maitre up to 40 ; beyond that, a sloven. An Englishman is a gentleman from the cradle to his grave—at least, he looks so. No doubt, one good half of the English here as sembled would find it difficult to prefer their claims to gentlemanly rank in a drawing-room in their own island. They are all extremely communicative, and the ignorance of the world, even of their own world iu some of them is appal ling. What, in the name of Murray, they all come out for to these " foreign parts" it would be im possible to say. You have parties of 10 or 12 of them here that would not be able to manage three words of either French or German between them for their life. They know they are in Switzerland; they are aware they travelled through France or Ger many; but further than that they would be at a loss how to give any account of the lands they visit. Their route is laid out in Bradshaw; they learn from Murray the names of their hotels. It is perfectly astonishing how little knowledge they cull even out of their railway guide, their hand-book, or the ency . clopedical London paper that is entirely in their hands. Their jokes about frogs and saner kraut are inexhaustible. There is a certain amount of ideas a man requires in England to be up to his own par ticular branch of business, or to the general require ments of public life. This is home learning. Every Englishman who is not an idiot knows more of that than any Continental man of his own sphere. But foreign life, geography, history, language, litera ture, all this is too generally looked upon as a super fluous luxury, of no blessed use at petty sessions or elections, of but little service even in the material pro gress of foreign travel. The Englishman holds the purse strings; it is for the foreign courier, landlord, waiter, guide, porter, and driver to learn his island language, consult his tastes, and humour his whims. Wherever ho goes, from Calais to Naples, an Eng lishman travels through a little England, along an English highway, through a succession of more or less comfortable and sumptuous English homes. Hence it is, I should think, that with all the volu minous foreign correspondence in his newspaper— nay, even with his long sojourn at Nice, Rome, or Naples—John Bull understands so little of Conti nental politics, that he passes so easily from partia lity to his "natural Austrian ally" to the most en thusiastic devotion to ranting Mazzinianism. Hence it is that he sometimes evinces so little discrimina tion with respect to the virtues of a patriot and the chivalry of a brigand. With all these little deficiencies, however, your English tourists, taken in the mass, are a well bred, inoffensive, civilised set ; they have become very affable, companionable, and genial of late, and their love of cleanliness, their gentle undertone, their unostentatious urbanity, exercise a beneficial influence among their more excitable, more fussy and boisterous Continental and Transatlantic fellow-travellers. National Association for the Promotion of Social Science. SHEFFIELD, Oct. 7. ECONOMY AND TRADE-RAILWAY MANAGEMENT AND CONSOLIDATION. In this department, which met in the School of Art, and over which Mr. Chadwick, C. 8., presided, a paper was read from Mr. E. Hill, of the Inland Revenue department, on the official inspection of railways and the management of the traffic thereon as a means of preventing accident and loss. In this paper he said that it had been often proposed to call upon the Legislature to make regulations to have the force of law. But the fatal objection instantly arose that by such a course the responsibility of the railway authorities would be destroyed, and responsibility without power was a mere delusion. Some had oven proposed that the Government should take the whole administration of the railways into their hands. He did not attempt to discuss this proposition, his object being to suggest an intermediate course—one which was easy of trial, and which if adopted would be ad vantageous to continue, lot the administration of the rail ways ultimately devolve upon whomsoever it might. Ho suggested the propriety of adopting a system of official inspection analogous to that in operation with regard to factories, mines, schools, poor-law unions, and prisons. Tho inspectors should have every power to obtain full and correct information upon all matters af fecting the public safety and convenience, both directly and indirectly ; but no power whatever to interfere in the management, the inspectors to be simply held responsible for the discovery and the bringing to light of everything in the management of the lines under their charge that experience had shown, or that they might deem to be detrimental to the public safety or obstructive of the public convenience. He urged the superiority of a continuous, systematic, and thorough examination and in quiry, conducted by mon of ability and knowledge of tho subject. The official inspection should be wholly inde pendent of the administration of railways, and therefore unbiassed. It would be highly economical to the railway companies themselves, the loss from accident in ono half year on ono lino only having been officially estimated at £50,000. The expense of the necessary staff need not be ' great, and, if his anticipations were realised, the expense ought to be cheerfully borne by the companies. In the discussion which followed, Mr. TEULON, a director of the South-Eastern Railway, said that no railway could bo too often inspected by persons competent to form an opinion as to the mode in which the traffic was worked. Mr. G. HURST said ho considered that they ought not to stop with the mere inspection of railways. There ought to be a court of appeal to which any person aggrieved in any way might apply for redress. Such a court would also be a great protection to the companies. It frequently happened that exorbitant demands were made for compen sation, and if there were a board to settle such questions thoro would be a great saving. Mr. EDGAR said the idea of a railway board settling the amount of damages was entirely out of the question, and ho thought there was no possibility of such a plan being carried out. The CHAIRMAN said that considerable service had been rendered by the mining inspectors, who, seeing what was done in different parts of the country, imparted the infor mation they acquired for the general benefit, and the min ing proprietors had voluntarily adopted many suggestions which were made by independent parties. Any one who reads the evidence on rail way matters must be struck by their independence of each other as to modes of working. For example, one company had an entirely different code of signals to another. He thought Mr. Hill's suggestion was valuable apart from the question of unity of manage ment. It would greatly benefit the railway interest, and the expense was comparatively trifling when they consi dered the good that might be obtained from the promul gation and independent authentication of successful expe dients on particular lines. The next paper was road by Mr. S. PLIMSOLL, of Whiteley Wood Hall, near Sheffield, on the question. " Is it desirable to consolidate the existing railways of the United Kingdom into one system under Government control ?" He said that the railway system was capable of yielding a vast augmentation of service to the country, at a scarcely appreciable increase of cost, and, therefore, all were deeply interested in the most careful conside ration of this subject. In 1803 the direct cost per mile of working all the trains was ls. 41d., and the indirect cost was ls. 21d. or a total of 2s. 7d. The average number of passengers carried per train during the year was 50, 7 first, 16 second, and 27 third class. The average weight of goods carried in the merchandise and mineral trains was 70 tons. That both of these results might have been mul tiplied many times, without adding appreciably to the ex pense, may be inferred from the fact that an engine is ca pable of taking 1,000 people instead of 50, and that about 300 tons is now the usual weight of load of a mineral train on the Great Northern Railway. Whilst it is clear that the railway companies could not by any means do with a less revenue than is now collected by them, it is obvious that for a very slightly increased one they could render the pub lic, with positive advantage to themselves, treble or quad ruple the service. Was there reason to think4hat the reduc tion of present fares and freights would be followed by the increase of business necessary to place the companies in as good a financial position as that in which they now stand ? He quoted three cases, one of which was the contest be tween the North-Western and Great Northern Companies for the traffic to Manchester in 1857, and argued that no loss could accrue to the companies from a reduction of fares. Ho proceeded to consider the case of the share holders, as, in the event of the provisions of the Act of 1844 being carried into effect, their property would be paid for at the rate of 25 years' purchase of the average of the three years' dividend last preceding the transfer; and as this was the only mode advocated by Mr. Galt, Mr. E. Chadwick, and other writers who had yet handled this subject, they (the shareholders) would have no grounds of complaint, nor would they be likely to complain, as such a price would constitute a very handsome bonus upon the present market value •f their shares. He thought that that act had operated mischievously in putting the question at rest, and stifling its consideration, so to speak, for a dan gorously long period. That its solution has not become more more difficult was more attributable to the course of events than to the wisdom of its framers. It did, however, at this juncture serve two good purposes: it preclued any idea even of injustice in case its provisions are called into action, and its expiration invites a more general End simultaneous consideration of this important subject than it would pro bably otherwise have received. He referred to tho amalga- - - mation of the Great Northern system, and said there could be no question but that the unity of interest and manage ment of those as a whole is a vast improvement and a great economy, as against the separate and often clashing admi nistration of 14 separate boards, yet he was not sure that that process could be safely carried further. It was open to doubt whether the system might not become too cumbrous for one executive, just as there was reason to think that of the Great Western has become. He also suggested that there was great reason to doubt the ability of even that ad ministration to manage the Midland or the London and North-Western or the Great Western, or all of them in addition to their own line. It appeared to him that the re spective executives of each and all of the groat companies have now quite as much business as they can manage, and that, therefore, although amalgamation increases efficiency and promotes economy up to the point to which one exe cutive can manage, the aggregation of the whole would tend to confusion, inefficiency, and stagnation, the whole resulting eventually in the business drifting, instead of being managed and controlled. The Government would appoint some adherent to the posts of honour, and the real work would devolve on subordinate officers. None who had any knowledge of the subject would suppose that men who were now eminent in the railway world for great ability ' would be content to fill subordinate positions, and the ser vice would soon fail to attract those men whose great ta lents had rendered it so really effective. So far as he could see all the advantages of cheapness obtainably from unity of management are already achieved by the process of amal gamation as to at least throo-fourths of the railways now constructed, and any further progress in this direction would not be economical but wasteful in the highest degree, since it would probably result in decreased efficiency of management. He did not think it impossible still further to cheapen faros, nor in order to that end did he think it es sential that Government should purchase the railways. tie suggested that a Government guarantee, securing the com panies against diminution of revenue during the period of transition necessary for the growth of traffic to as high a revenue from a diminished rate as that now obtainable from the high ones, is all that is necessary. To reduce the fares of second and third class passangers to one third the present amounts charged would involve, prima facie, a loss of revenue equal to £4,427,937. But his idea was that be fore the end of the first year of the change the traffic would be doubled, and in two years it would be treble its present amount. In that case the loss to the Exchequer would only be two millions and a half the first year, and one million the second year, whilst in all human probability the end of the third would see the revenue restored to at least its present amount, and this enormous boon to the country would thus have been secured at no greater outlay than from three to four millions of money. There would be a large item for additional rolling stock, but it would probably be counter balanced by increased goods traffic. He suggested that the Great Eastern Railway Company (which was the only one self-contained) afforded an opportunity of fairly trying this great question and setting it at rest for an expenditure of less than half a million, and this experiment would be so conclusive in its results as to fully clear the ground for com plete legislation, or for leaving matters as they are with the well-grounded conviction that they are best as they are. Mr. W. IlAwEs, chairman of the Council of the Society of Arts, and a director of the East London Railway, ad dressed the section on the same subject. He said he would venture to submit that Mr. Plimsoll's calculations were perfectly chimerical, and not based on any facts which came within their knowledge. A very important effect upon the public generally was involved in this pro posed change. Were they to give up that principle which had been so conducive to the success and prosperity of this country—the individual management of all the inter nal affairs of this country connected with its trade and commerce ? Were they to allow Government to interfere more than at present ? He thought there was already too much Government interference in many matters. If the Government had to provide not only for a loss of revenue, but also for a certain amount of interest, it would un doubtedly follow that the Government would obtain entire control over a great mass of property. The transfer of so large an amount of capital would be dearly purchased at the difference of interest and the economy that might be introduced. He held that the Post-office was a striking illustration of the inefficiency of Government management. The attempt to put our railways under a minister at the head of a department was an absurdity, and would tend to destroy that efficiency of action which now existed through out the whole railway service of this country. He did not say that railway management was perfect, or that the pub lic were carried at the cheapest rate, but he thought it would puzzle those gentlemen who advocated a change to show how the public could be carried more cheaply. The present fares were the result of competition, and had been arrived at step by step, Would the Governmen have risked the expense incurred in increasing the speed from 12 to 40 miles an hour ? Would they have fought the battle of the gauges between Stephenson and Brunel ? He denied that foreign railways were an instance of good management by Government. On foreign lines the speed was not so great, while the gradients were much more favourable, than on English railways ; while, in addition to the fare paid by the passenger, there was a heavy charge for his luggage, every pound of which had to be paid for. Could they compare the cost of the construction of foreign railways with the cost of passing through property in England ? The Metropolitan railway, the most expensive line, was enabled to carry passengers at the lowest rate, because it ran through the densest population in the country. He had always found from railway accounts that the expenses increased in proportion to the increase of traffic. He thought that Mr. Plimsoll's paper showed a want of practical knowledge of railway matters. If this question was discussed they would be obliged to come to the conclusion that they ought to do their utmost to force railway management into the best possible channels, but that they ought to take the management from the boards of directors and place it in the hands of the Government. It was not possible for Government to buy land at a cheaper rate than the companies paid, and could it be imagined that Messrs. Stephenson, of Newcastle, would sell their engines at a less price because the Government purchased them? Did they think that a minister of railways and a board would work more cheaply than the present boards of directors ? He believed that it was beyond the power of the 20 directors to manage the North-Western Rail way, and he knew that for the management of one rail way a gentleman had been offered a salary double in amount to that of the Premier. He protested against the principle of charging the public for the conveyance of rail way passengers. Competition would drive railway direc tors to greater and greater exertions, and by moans of the present system of individual management we should travel as cheaply, and as well, or better, than under Government management. (Applause.) After some discussion, Mr. PLIMSOLL replied, and the section adjourned. What the Guards have Done. _— •- The three regiments of Guards were raised in the year 1660. We believe that the Scots Fusiliers date their formation from 1651, but as the " King's Scots Guards," as they were then called, were cut to pieces and dispersed after the Battle of Worcester, and were not reorganised until the Restoration, we scarcely consider that they have made good their claim to seniority over the Grenadiers and Cold streams. The Guards first distinguished themselves in the wars of Marlborough, taking a conspicuous part in the battles of Ramifies, 0 udenarde, Mal plaquet, and Blenheim. The episode connected with them which occurred at Fontenoy is probably known to most of our readers. When the two lines came within musket shot, the French officers cried out, " Gentlemen of the English Guards, commence if you please." " No, gentlemen of the French Guards, it is for you to begin," repliel the latter, not to be outdone in ceremonious politeness. After this in terchange of civilities volleys were fired, and the hostile troops closed together in a hand-to-hand conflict. The Guards next took part in the battle of Minden. In 1793 they were engaged in the campaign of Holland, and for their services per formed there they were allowed to inscribe the name of Linceiles on their colours. In 1801 they formed part of the expeditionary force sent under Sir Ralph Abercrombie to Egypt. At the disembarkation of the troops, the Coldstreams and Scots Fusiliers particularly distinguished themselves. During the whole of the Peninsular War the Guards were actively employed. They were present at the battles of Corunna, Talavera, and Barossa. At the last of these hard fought actions, General Dilkes, the hero of Barossa, an officer of the Scots Fusiliers, retrieved the fortunes of the day, which had become well nigh desperate, by leading his brigade up a scarped hill against a French column infinitely superior in numbers. Scarcely had the brigade recovered from the losses it had suffered during this long and trying campaign, when it was once more summoned to take the field in the Netherlands. At Quatre Bras, during the most critical part of the battle, by their steadiness and gallantry, they contributed greatly towards enabling the Duke to hold his ground until the morning. On the 18th June the Coldstream Guards and the light companies of the Scots Fusiliers were selected to garrison Hougomont, and well did they repay the confidence thus placed in them. Unflinchingly they withstood the most f ur i ous attacks of the French. Unfalteringly they held the very keystone of the English position, against which Napoleon in vain directed the flower of his ma y, When the last desperate attack was made on the English right, the Guards, unshaken by the trying conflict they had sustained, calmly awaited the assault, and at the command of their chief, sprang, Minerva-like, from the ground, armed at all points, and were mainly instrumental in causing that fight of giants to end so brilliantly for our arms. In 1854 they proceeded to Turkey and the Crimea. It might have been feared that the long preced ing period of peace and inactivity would have weakened the resolution and impaired the ardour of these soldiers. Any such forebodings were soon, however, proved to be groundless. The exploits they performed during the Russian War are of so recent a date as to render any comment on them in this brief and imperfect sketch of their services superfluous ; but we may call to the minds of our readers how, as tidings after tidings of their triumphs reached us, we felt that we had indeed reasons to be proud of our army, and that the Guards had, if it were possible, even exceeded the anticipations of their staunchest upholders. —British Army and Navy Gazette. THE WEATHER IN THE NORTH.--During most of last week dense fogs prevailed upon the Northum berland coast, which greatly impeded navigation. The temperature was gradually falling during the time, but the weather kept warm for the season of the year. Between Saturday night and Sunday morning, how ever , th e g l ass fell about h alf an inch, and during Sunday the wind got round to the E.S.E., blowing strong, which brought on a h ea vy sea, and on Sunday night the weather upon the N.E. coast seemed broken up, and had a very wintry ap pearance. Down to Sunday evening little rain had fallen in Northumberland during six weeks, but that evening it rained pretty smartly, and there was every appearance of a good fall of rain during the night. I ADTERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Pills.—Dyspepsia, digestion, flatulency, heartburn, biliousness, nausea, want of appotite.—French philosophers trace the moral feelings of the mind to the st a t e o f th e s t om ach ; and there is much wisdom in the speculation • the stomach to the hum an bod y is more than the kit c h en 'to the domestic establishment; be it ever so slightly disordered the whole internal econo my is deranged. The young may smile at the simile, and disbelieve the tremendous sacrifice indigestin exacts from its victim. The day will come when they will lament over their dyspepsia, as thousands stronger than themselves have done, when it will be well for their comfort and hap piness if they only remember these prophetic words, and hold in readiness Holloway's pills, a certain safeguard. SPLRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TlMM—There is nothing of which in the present age we are more justly proud than of our extreme facility of locomotion. Every quarter of the globe is now within the reach of a Long Vacation ramble. We are become familiar with scenes which in the earlier periods of life seemed hopelessly beyond our reach, and our influence over other countries is ex tended and our commerce with them developed just in proportion as our means of communication have been made more sure and more rapid. We must not murmur if, in exchange for so many benefits, we receive some corresponding disadvantages, nor be surprised if the same means of annihilating time and space which enable us to act so beneficially on other countries enable them also to react a little less beneficially on us. We have now obtained an in terest in their domestic affairs very different both for good and for evil from any which we ever had before. The desire of acquiring large crops of cotton has given us an immediate interest in the improve ment of the government of a number of barbarous and semi-barbarous States. The constant presence of our citizens in every part of the world has made us much more alive than we used to be to the defects of distant police and the venality of remote tribunals. We become exceedingly anxious that foreigners should pay not only their public but their private debts, since we are to a considerable extent their creditors. The goodness and badness of their hotels, steam-packets, and railroads have become matters of serious importance in our eyes ; and an English tourist feels fully justified in appealing to The Times if he is overreached by a Swiss landlord or imposed upon by a hackney coachman at Vienna. A State Paper, just published in the French journals, has, however, carried this sort of solidarity much further than anything that has hitherto appeared. We are now informed that we have not an indirect and fanciful, but a direct and purely selfish interest in the sanitary arrangements of countries the most remote and people the most alien from ourselves. The French Ministers for Foreign Affairs and for Agriculture and Public Works have presented a Report to the Emperor of the French on the best means of preventing the cholera. It seems that some time ago the French Government de spatched a sanitary commission to Egypt for the double purpose of relieving the sufferers and of studying the causes and character of the malady with the view to prevent its irruption into France. To preserve Europe against the periodical attacks of cholera the French Ministers think that we ought rather to stifle it in its birth than impede it on its route. The obstacles we strive to oppose to it do little good to public health, and immense injury to commerce ; the real question is whether we cannot, in concert with the authorities on the spot, prevent the disease from coming into existence. It appears that cholera is imported into Egypt by pilgrims re turning from their pilgrimage to Mecca by way of Djeddah ; the travellers by the caravans which visit Mecca are, from the fatigues and privations which they suffer, peculiarly subject to cholera. The per sonal filth, torrid heat, and propitiatory sacrifices, engendering a large quantity of putrid meat, are among the causes of this tendency. Two hundred thousand people collect from different Mahomedan countries at the beck of this ridiculous superstition, and the number of sheep and camels slaughtered exceeds, according to the authority of this official document, the incredible number of one million. It is not the first time pilgrimages have been the cause of the mc st serious evils to Europe ; and the cholera of the 19th century, occasioned by the pilgrimages to Mecca, is a very fair counterpart to the miseries endured by mediaeval Europe in the Crusades, the result of the pilgrimages to Jerusalem. The evil must have existed for a long time, but it is im mensely aggravated by the cause at which we glanced above, the great facility of modern commu nication. Instead of making their pilgrimage through the desert, and wearing out the disease in the open air, the weak dying and the strong recover ing according to the natural course of things, the whole mass of festering pilgrimage is transported across the Red Sea in an incredibly short time by the inappropriate and inopportune agency of steam . . We were always shocked at the hypocrisy o . f l grim who boiled his peas, and we equally disapprove the manner -in which these hardships of desert travel which no doubt form a considerable portion of the merit of every green-turbaned Radii, are eluded by the modern and unromantic contrivance of the steampacket. One could just as well imagine Chau cer's Pilgrims, armed with a first-class ticket apiece for Canterbury by the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway. By this short passage a festering mass of disease is annually cast upon the shores of Egypt. The French Ministers think that if proper care had been taken in regulating the passages of these pil grims, and attention had been given by the local sanitary authorities, it might have been possible to extinguish or insulate the centres of an infection which has spread from Egypt to Syria, to Asia Minor, and finally to the South of Europe. They, therefore, propose the meeting of a Conference to inquire whether it may not be necessary to .establish an international sanitary administration at Medd . ah and Suez, with every possible guarantee o f loyal im partiality, co-operated with by the Eastern Govern ments, the States of which, as the paper very truly remarks, are the first to suffer by the effect of these pilgrimages, the devastating effe?,ts of which Mahomet himself can hardly have foreseen. We shall not be surprised if diplomacy views this Paper, taken i n connection with the canalisation of the Isthmus of Suez, as a new effort on the part of F . rance to esta blish a firmer hold on Egypt to gain a footing i n Arabia, and thus to dominate the overland rou t e o f England to her Indian possessions. Tho a l arm i s t s who have been so long frightening us with th e ope rations of Russia in Central. Asia will no d ou bt be re ady to see a new danger m this proposal, and to put us on our g uard a gainst the insidious and over reaching policy of our great neighbour. For our own part t w e confess we de no t s h are these fears. The principles laid down by th e F r ench Govern ment . seem to us pe r f ec tl y sound, and the facts to which they are to b e app li e d c lear and incon trovertible. We cannot see how it can possibly be doubted that all those countries of Europe which are exposed to the periodical visitations of the cholera have the most direct and lively interest in whatever tends to genera te or disseminate the disease. We m i g h t regar d the sacrifices of Mecca with as much indifference as the customs of Dahomey if we we were not i n d a ily and hourly expectation of finding ourselves included in the victims whom they offer up. They are welcome to destroy, if they please, their million of camels and sheep ; but we have the most obvious right and the clearest in terest in preventing them from offering their heca tombs of the population of London . or Manchester. The Paper is not very explicit as to the means which we are to employ, and it may turn out after all that what w e can do will amount to very little. Nothing is more difficult than to alter the manners and customs of the East, and though the French may produce some influence on the Government, it will be very difficult to secure any useful co-operation on the part of the people. Still the thing is worth an effort, the stake we play for is a large one, and it is better to fail in such a cause than never to have attempted to succeed. History records many invasions of Asia by Europe ; but the tables are now turned, and Europe is now called upon to devise means for res i s ting periodical invasions by Asia more de structive of human life than the expeditions of Timour or of Genghis Khan. We have ceased to fear Asiatic valour, but it is necessary that we should guard ourselves against Asiatic filth ga thered into one festering and corrupted heap by the evil genius of Mahomedan fanaticism. The cholera may not be contagious, but it certainly did not take its rise in Europe ; and if we are subjected to its invasions, it is because Asia has produced it and sent it forth in mysterious cur rents to depopulate the Western world. All hon our, then, to the Emperor of the French, who comes forward to save modern soc i e t y f rom this grievous scourge. Every man of humanity must wish for his success, and trust that he may not be defeated by political jealousies and prejudices, which should not be allowed for a moment to in terfere with this work of common sense and mercy. POST.—The fact th a t th e c h o l era unquestionably takesits origin in the Asiatic Continent, and that it has on the occasion of its several visits to Europe pursued a westerly course, un til the broad Atlantic presented an insurmountable barrier to its further progress, have not unnaturally set people thi▪ nking about a means by which the advance of the dread enemy might be arrested ere he crossed the thres hold which separates the countries . which he only occasionally visits from those in which his resi▪ dence is perpetual. Europe is not divided from Southern Asia by any broad sea, but there are some who are sanguine enough to believe that a well-regulated quaran tine might create as efficient impediments to the onward march of the epidemic disorder as those which are supplied at some places by the natural configuration of the globe. Of the real nature of the disease we are, unfortunately, notwithstanding our terrible experience of its ravages, almost as igno rant as when it first appeared amongst us 33 years ago; and as the medical profession have not yet de cided whether it is contagious or not, it is of neces sity difficult, if not impossible, to resolve upon the measures best calculated to confine it to particular localities. If an epidemic follows a certain track i n obedience to atmospheric influences, it is clearly as idle to attempt to check its progress by interrupt ing the communication between particular districts or countries as it would be to endeavour to stop the course of a balloon by shutting a turnpike gate. But it is not clearly established that the spread of cholera across a continent is owing to atmospheric influences; nay, some pretend that its development depends upon the actual contact between the mem bers of a healthy community and those of one in which the disease has already made its appearance. Assuming the latter hypothesis to be correct, the establishment of a quarantine wherever possible would of course be the most likely means of check ing the further development of the epidemic ; and as the hypothesis may be a true one, there are many who, faute de mieux, urge its adoption. Hithert, however, States have contented them selves with endeavouring to defend their own fron tiers after their own fashion, leaving their neigh bours to do just as they pleased. Now, how ever, for the first time, a proposal is made that all the Powers of Europe should unite as against a common enemy, and should endeavour, if possible, to defend the pass by which it supposed the dreaded epidemic invariably enters the Western Continent. A report has just been addressed to the French Emperor, signed by two of his Ministers, in which a proposal, unquestionably novel, and, probably in the opinion of many, startling, is offered not only for the acceptance of his Imperial Majesty, but also of the Governments of several foreign states. Some years since, when the cholera first visited Europe, the French Government despatched a commission, consisting of eminent medical men, to Egypt, to study the causes and character of the malady, and to offer such suggestions as might occur to them for preventing the further spread of the disease. The information obtained by consular agents, and ratified by the unanimous reports of physicians, all pointed, we are now told, to the conclusion that the epidemic was imported into Egypt by the Mahometan pilgrims returning from their visits to Mecca and Djeddah. Every year the cholera is said to exist among the caravans of pilgrims arriving in the Holy Cities, the predisposition to disease on their part being favoured by their mode of life, encamping in vast multitudes in the open air, and breathing the pestilential mias mata arising from the exposure to a torrid heat of the putrefying remains of the animals which they sacrifice. This year the number of pilgrims at Mecca was unusually great, and the quantity of animals sacrificed proportionably large, and hence it is inferred that the virulence with which the fana tics were attacked by disease were heightened in a corresßonding degree. Thinned in numbers by a terrible pestilence, the pilgrims returned to their homes, carrying with them, as is urged, to the shores of the Levant the seeds of that disease which has now spread across Europe. Under these circumstances, then, it is submitted that it is the duty of the European Powers to take precautions against this importation of a deadly malady on future occasions ; and with this view it is suggested that a diplomatic conference should take place, in which such of the European Powers as thought proper should be represented, to devise such prac tical remedies as might seem best suited to prevent a recurrence of the evil. One such remedy is hinted at by those who have drawn up the report, and it consists in the establishment at Djeddah and Suez of sanitary administrations, possessing an in ternal character, and whose duty it should be to impose such quarantine regulations as would have the effect of preventing the cholera being transported, as on previous occasions, to Europe. To the estab lishment of sanitary administrations in Egypt there could be no possible objection, but we are at a loss to understand why they should be of an interna tional character, or why a diplomatic conference of the representatives of the European Powers should be a condition precedent to the adoption of measures which the Egyptian Government would without assistance be able to carry into effect. But except in the interests of the pilgrims themselves we con fess ourselves sceptical of the advantages which would spring from the establishment of these ad ministrations. If on the occasion of each annual pilgrimage the worshippers at Mecca suffer from the cholera, surely it would have been at least as likely that they would have brought home the infection in any one of the preceding ten years as in the present one. We are told, however, that they have suf fered more severely on the occasion of the last pilgrimage than on previous ones ; but if so, is not the fact probably referable to the same causes which have called the epidemic into existence in countries where, except as a rare visitor, it is happily unknown ? Without attempting to deter mine the vexed question whether the development of cholera depends on atmospheric influences or on contagion, the unexpected appearance of disease in so many forms during the present year must satisfy every one that we cannot, with any appearance of justice, attribute the appearance of cholera in Europe to the contempt for sanitary regulations habitually shown by the pilgrims at Mecca. If, however, the blame does not lie at their door, to what p ur pose should we establi s h an i n te rn ational tribunal of health in Egypt? COUNTRY MARKETS r_._~_..,~._. NORTHAMPTON—Ocr. 7. About the usual supply of wheat, which was steadily disposed of at a shade more money for best sorts. Barley a liberal show, and best sorts brought high prices. Few oats on offer and prices firm. Beans rather in favour of the seller. New whito wheat, 36s to 42s ; new red, 36s to 39s • old white, 40s to 46s ; old red, 40s to 45s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, —s to —s per qr. ; grinding, 26s to 35s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 28s to 30s ' • new, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 44s to 48s ; aew, 38s to 43$ per 38 atone. Peas, 34s to 37s per 36 stone. COLCHESTER—OcT: 7. -- The supply of wheat was large. The best samples rea lised last week's prices ; inferior a slow sale, and rather cheaper. Barley of fine q u a l ity fully as dear, the medium sorts easier to buy. Beans and peas as before. -- -- - Wheat, white 40s 54s Middleaza. 35 4 red 36s 48s and 5ma11..368 40s Barley... 2Bs 40s Peas, white. 38s 42s Oats ........20s 25s grey .......36s 400 CHELMSFORD—OcT. 6. There was a fair supply of wheat in the market to-day, but although it was in better condition the prices of last week were barely maintained, and tho amount of business transacted Aims limited. Spring corn of all descriptions met a dull sale at previous prices, and our quotations remain unaltered. Wheat, old white....44s Vs Peas, Partridge 37s 394 new ..42s 48s White ...30s VS old red 40a 43s Bulling .. ...... 38a 420 new ..36s 40s Dun.. ....... ...31s 350 8ar1ey...... 258 32 s ditto, new....—s —II Chevalier 264 23s Beans, Tick, 0 n 1 e d ;v .........3_45 8 ... 37: Grinding ',Os 8s Malt 61s 67s Harrow licks.3ss -8 Chevalier 64s 68s new ....—s -0 Oats GRANTHAM—Ocr. 7. A fair quantity of wheat, and prices were the turn in sellers' favour. Barley camd freely to market; however, was irregular; good malting sorts made top prices. Oats a moderate supply, at rather higher prices. Beans had an upward tendency. Peas unchanged. Old white wheat, 48s to 525; old red, 44s to 48s ; nevi white, 42s to 49s ; new red, 38s to 43s per 36 stone. Bar ley for malting, —s to —s per qr. ; grinding,•2Bs to 30s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 25s to 27s ; new, 20s to 24s per 2 4 stone. Beans, old, 39s to 475; new, 36s to 38s per 38 stone. Peas, 35s to 398 per 36 stone. ABERDEEN—Ocr. 6. The supplies of new grain are very moderate, and hero to -day few samples were offering. We note all kinds steady at last week's rates. Flour is rather dearer. White wheat 36s Od to 40s Od} 621 b ift bushel. Red wheat 35s Od to 36s Od Potato oats 20s Od to 21s 6d.j. 40th iii bushel. Common oats 20s 6d to 21s 6d Bere 23s Od to 24s Odl 531 b ? bushel. Barley 23 s Od to 24 s Od Oatmeal 16s 6d to 17s 6d ? boll of 1401 b. Flour, fine 33s Od to 34s Od 3;3 sack of 28016• KIRKCALDY—Ocr. 7. Small supplies of all kinds of grain. Ealcs quick at a rise of is per qr. on all sorts. Wheat. Barley. Oat s. First 40s 6d I 2.5 s Od 1 22s Od second 43s cd I 26s 6d 24s Od Tnird 4 is 6d 278 6cl —s Od COAL MARKET. p r i c e per ton at the close -of the market. s. d. s. a• Hastings Hartley 2O 3 Staffordshire 17 6 Lambert's W. Hartley 20 3 Carway and Duffryn Hetton •.• 22 0 . Malting 24 0 Hetton Lyons 2O 0 New Belmont 2O 9 Tees East Hartlepool Ships at market, 38; sold, 28. Births. COLLIE.—On the Bth inst., at Sydenham, the wife of Thoo. Collis, Esq., of a daughter. FITZGERALD.—On the Gth inst., at Merrion-square, Dublin, the Hon. Mrs. Fitzgerald, wife of the Right Hon. J. D• Fitzgerald, of a daughter. SANILLE.—On the 6th inst., at Foulmire Rectory, Royston, the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Saville, of a son. Marriages. BATES—FERGUSON.—On the 7th inst., at St. Paul's, Dept; ford, Rowland John, eldest son of J. C. Bates, Esq., 0 ' Wormley, Harts, to Mary Anne, eldest daughter of ctiy tain J. H. Ferguson, of Deptford. CARY—JERNINGHAM.--On the 3d inst., at the Roman CA ; E tholic Church, Leamington, Stanley E. G. Cary, Esq., °I Follaton Devon, to Agnes Mary Jerningham, secon d 'daughter of Captain A. W. Jerningham, R.N. Deaths. JONES.—On th© 7th inst., at Newington-causeway,Williao Jones. aged 62. LEIGH.—On the 6th inst., at Joddrel Hall, Cheshire, Cho," shire, Egerton Leigh, Esq., of the West Hall, Ingo Leigh, and Jodrell Hall, aged•B7. MoYEz.—On the 7th inst., at his residence in the House of ___.... _ _ Lords, Mr. William Moyes, aged 74. Risx..—On the sth inst, at Holyhead, very suddenly, CaP t ' Richard Hawkins Risk, R.N., aged 48. 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