The Sun. — London, England, 1865-09-14 00:00:00

Railway and other Companies• CALEDONIAN. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held in Glasgow, on Tuesday ; Lieutenant-Colonel Sal keld in the chair. The CHAIRMAN congratulated the shareholders on the increased receipts, which enabled the Board to recommend a dividend for the past half-year at the rate of 6 1 4 per cent. on the ordinary stock, as com pared with 6} per cent. at this time last year. In terest had also been paid during the half - year out of revenue upon the unproductive capital invested in new lines, the greater portion of which would very soon become remunerative, for the Rutherglen and Coatbridge branch was now on the point of being opened for traffic. In addition to the dividend the directors recommended tbat a bonus equal to 20s. on each £lOO of ordinary stock be also paid, so that the contingent fund, the savings from the resources of many previous half-years, which had been hoarded up with great care in order to meet any unforeseen emergency might be divided among shareholders of the Caledonian before their funds became entirely merged with those of the other companies with which they were now amal gamated. (Cheers.) The last Session of Parliament had for this company been the most important of any that had happened since 1851; but the merits of the various amalgamations and extensions for which acts had been obtained having been already considered at former meetings, it was not necessary to dwell upon them at any length. No less than five hitherto independent companies had now be come amalgamated with the Caledonian—viz., the Scottish Central, the Dunblane, Doune, and Cal lander, the Crieff Junction, the Glasgow General Terminus, and the Dumfries, Lochmaben, and Lockerby Junction ; and he fully expected that all those advantages which had been so often spoken of as likely to result from these amalgamations would in due time be fully realised. (Hear.) The most important of the extensions for which acts had been obtained was the Clelland and Mid-Calder line, the works on which would be commenced immediately, so that the line might be brought into profitable operation with the least possible delay ; and the other works, when once commenced, would be pressed forward in such a way as that they might yield a revenue upon the capital to be expended thereon at the earliest possible date. He had read a report of the speech which was delivered in Edinburgh a short time ago by the chairman of the North British Rail way Company, in which Mr. Hodgson very justly remarked that for the last 10 years the North British Railway had been what people called an aggressive company, but he was glad to find from that speech that the North British was now prepared to assume a peaceful deportment towards their neighbours, provided their neighbours would live at peace with them. This was the most gratifying piece of railway intelligence which had reached him for some time past, and if Mr. Hodgson be sincere in the declaration he made he (the chairman) did not think the North British Railway would suffer from an interval of rest. The announce ment he had made ought to bring joy and glad ness to every railway shareholder in this part of the kingdom ; for when a railway which, for the last ten years, had been avowedly aggressive, was now prepared to live at peace with its neighbours, the directors and officers of other companies whose time had hitherto been almost entirely occupied in preparing and conducting a series of Parliamentary struggles with this belligerent neighbour, might now turn the whole of their attention to the im provement and economical working oetheir traffic on their respective systems, and to the development of the traffic of these districts the whole of his col leagues and himself are most desirous for a peace policy not only with the North British, but with the Glasgow and South-Western Railway. (Hear, hear.) And if the Board of the latter company should be influenced by motives of a similarnature, he saw no reason why they should not endeavour to emulate the good example recently set by the Great Northern and Great Eastern, which companies have for some years been at war, but which now, by mutual concession, had become the best of friends. (Cheers.) The Board was extremely anxious, if possible, to concentrate the whole of the traffic of this company in one station in the heart of Glas gow ; but in order to accomplish that many ob stacles must be overcome. In the first place, the engineering difficulties were considerable. That, however, had also been remitted to Mr. Blvth, Mr. Hawkshaw, and Mr. Graham ; and when their re port had been received by the Board, they would take immediate action on the subject. The centre of Glasgow was, lie thought, the most desirable place, in the event of the engineering difficulties not being such as to defeat their object. The report was then adopted, and on the motion of the CHAIRMAN the board of directors was re elected. Mr. J. JEFFREY then said—The time had now come for fixing the remuneration of the directors, and as so many companies had been added to the original company the duties of the Board must be largely increased. He there fore moved that the remuneration of the Board of Directors of this Company be 3,000 guineas. A SHAREHOLDER—What is the present remune ration ? Mr. JEFFREY—iI,IOO a year. Mr. MGAviN said if the sum was £3,000 he would cordially second the motion ; but if the meet ing thought the payment should be in guineas he did not object to second it ; and The motion was agreed to. This closed the business of the ordinary meeting. The meeting was then made special to authorise the directors to raise capital for the construction of the Clelland and Mid-Calder Railway and branches. The CHAIRMAN said they proposed to raise £450,000 at a premium of £2l. This would give each ordinary shareholder at least a premium of £lO. The £2l premium would be set apart for the payment of dividend o n th e new stock until the line came into operation. Resolutions authorising the raising of the addi tional capital were then agreed to. The CHAIRMAN, in reply to a question, stated that they calculated the dividend on the Caledonian stock would probably amount to 7 per cent. per annum for the next three years. The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to the chairman. SAMBRE AND MEITSE. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held yesterday at the offices, Moorgate-street ; Mr. Sheward, t h e president, in the chair. G. The s ecretary r the director s had ead the report, which stated th a t on the but little to comm un i ca t e t o th e shareholders present t occasion, except that the payments on aceoun of the company had been duly made, and that they proposed 2, provided to make the usu a l dividend, payable on Oct. statutes be repro a sufficient number of shares required by the signed u s . el at s t on h sented at the meeting to be held in Bs Sept. 25, to insure which they urgeci the share holders to return the proxies duly earliest moment. The capital account showed that £1,121,057 had been expended. The revenue ac count showed a balance of £74 from the preceding account, to which was added £20,700 guaranteed by the Great Central of Belgium Company, £229 dividend on 1,143 shares, and £16,897 interest and exchange account, making £37,900. Out of this was deducted interest on loans and preference shares, rents, taxes, and other expenses, leaving a balance of £22,998. The loan redemption account showed a total of £G55,600 in loans and debentures, of which 298 bonds were redeemed by drawings to the 22d of March last, amounting to £11,920, leav ing a balance of £343,680. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said the business was merely to approve the dividend and elect the retiring directors. Nothing could take place to alter their position until that time twelvemonths. There could be no action taken until after the end of 1865, the rent could not be less than it was at present, but might be more in future years. He would not indulge in prognosti cations as to the future, because every shareholdf r could f.,rin ovn opinion on tho Nuk; et. 1 STUD ,Tl - )p.::11-A to blin ,~-~~+~; extent of such additi ona l mar k e t s as 7 50,000 custo that they would receive only a fixed sum of 2 per mers might afford—a number infe r i or t o th a t o f th e cent. per annum, or £40,000 a year, which he con, sidered was a very foolish bargain. population of New York city alone. The CHAIRMAN said the matter ha 1 been very " Whether from poverty, lack of public spirit, or fully discussed at a former meeting of the company ignorance, Canada lags behind in the race of im before the agreement was entered into, and whether provement, and allows Massachusetts and New York it was right or wrong it was now too late to corn- to divert from the natural channel of the St. Law plain of it. re:nee the immense and yearly-increasing trade of the Major-General STUDD said that the statements states that border on the great lakes. The St. Law made at the Antwerp and Rotterdam Railway meet- Kenee and Welland Canals, which up to the year 1862 ing that the latter and the Est Belge would receive had cost the sum of $15,000,000, are not wide £177,120 before the Sambre and Meuse portion, enough for the traffic that New York diverts to the would increase beyond £40,000 a year, he thought Hudson River through the Erie Canal, and yield no they would never get anything more than 2 per cent. revenue, although the public accounts, from the im per annum. perfect arrangement of the tables,would seem to indi- Mr. HOTES said there was an apparent discrepancy in the statements of the two companies, but he did not consider it serious, as the Sambre and Meuse would have a right to participate in surplus profits beyond a certain amount, and as they worked rail ways cheaper in Belgium than in England, they had reason to expect there would be a surplus in which they would participate. He then asked for ex planations as to the sinking fund, and expressed an opinion that the directors should give them more information as to the Great Central of Belgium Company. The CHAIRMAN explained that the Great Central of Belgium Company was originally intended to amalgamate the Antwerp and Rotterdam, the Est Beige, and the Sambre and Meuse companies ; but the Belgian Government. refused to sanction the fusion, and determined that each company should be bound to stand on its own basis, so that until the Great Central of Belgium Company possessed property of their own, there was some difficulty as to its legal existence. The difficulty would, no doubt, be got over, but at present it was necessary to provide additional rolling stock. With regard to the redemption of the bonds the full interest of £7,000 a year was continued to be paid, and £250 a year for redemption, so that at the end of about 50 years the principal and interest of those bonds would be entirely paid off. After some further explana tions, Mr. HOYES expressed himself perfectly satisfied, especially as the Chairman did not agree in the statements made at the Antwerp and Rotterdam meeting with respect to the operation of the agree ment made with the Sambre and Meuse Company. Mr. AUSTIN, a director, stated that the board had made the best terms they could with the Great. Central Company, and he had no doubt they would in a very few years participate in surplus profits contemplated. The CHAIRMAN believed that the estimate of traffic upon which the agreement was founded would be very soon realised. The report was unanimously adopted, the dividend was recommended to the general meeting for ap proval, and also the re-election of Mr. Austin and Mr. Taylor, the retiring directors. The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to the chairman. cate that some small sum is received over and above the expenses. This deficiency is in striking contrast with the great canal system of the State of New York in connexion with the grain growing and ex porting West, which in 1862 showed a gross profit of $5,000,000. The State of New York is con tinually improving its canals,:while Canada remains content to do nothing. During the past 10 years the New York canals have been deepened and en larged so :as to admit barges of 210 tons, where barges of 84 tons only could previously navigate, an improvement which has so reduced the rate of freights in conjunction with the lower freights from New York to Europe that it costs less to transport a cargo of flour from Chicago to Liverpool via the Hudson than it costs to transport it through the Lakes and the St. Lawrence, via Montreal and Quebec. Some improvements have, it is true, been made in the St. Lawrence Canals, but these are of no avail as long as the Welland Canal—the key of the whole navigation—is left with locks of only 26ft. 6in. in width. The consequence of this all but culp able inertia—which is never :sought to be justified by anybody, except on the plea of poverty—has been that the St. Lawrence only receives about nine per cent. of the immense corn and provision trade that bursts rather than flows into New York and Boston—partly for the supply of the wealthy eastern States of the Union, and partly for the supply of Europe. The New York system of canals has re ceived its utmost development. It is impossible to widen or deepen them any more, or by any outlay, however prodigal, to enable a sea-going vessel to sail from Oswego or Buffalo to Europe by way of the Hudson River. The Erie Canal has an enormous traffic, and although immense quan tities of provision and flour positively rot in the granaries of the West for want of tran sportation, or are burnt for fuel in default of other means of making them of utility, the Erie Canal has no means of providing additional trans port. Yet the St. Lawrence route, which, if the canals were enlarged, could convey the whole quan tity were it doubled or trebled, languishes for want of traffic. The trade of the Lakes, for which Canada from her admirable position ought to have played, has thus passed into the hands of a foreign rival, by no means so well placed by nature to secure it, and is for the present lost, and may never be regained. In losing it the many expensive though insufficient works which she constructed, with the fatal omis sion to make them continuous, remain in Canadian hands, worse than unproductive, because they not only yield, no returns, but cost large sams to pre vent them from falling into disrepair. Had the Welland Canal been doubled in width, and deepened to a little more than half the capacity of the channel through hake St. Peter, which admits ocean vessels drawing 20 feet of water to come direct to the wharves of Montreal, the St. Lawrence route would have been superior to that of the Erie Canal, inas much as vessels of 800 tons (and not of 210 only) could have proceeded from _ Chicago, Oswego, and other Lake ports direct to the ocean without trans shipment. Although these improvements and many others have been urged by the Canadian depart ment of Public Works in every report it has made since 1848, as well as by Mr. Young, both as a Minister and a private citizen, and by some of the most eminent merchants of the country, yet nothing effectual has been done. The plea always put for ward has been want of funds. Yet, although six or eight millions of dollars—at-44a e utmost would have sufficed—there has been ro great difficulty in pro curing or becoming indebted for, at least half the amount for the useless Parliamentary and other public buildings at Ottawa. Even the purchase of the North-Western territory from the Hudson's Bay Company, for five millions of dollars, utterly unnecessary as the purchase is, has failed to alarm the Administration, and it has recommended it to the Canadian peopie with the sanction of the Crown." In these statements are epitomised the opinions, not only of many gentlemen engaged in the western trade, but of many non-traders who recognise its importance. The conclusion these gentlemen draw from these facts and arguments is, that if Canada formed a part of the American Union, American capital and enterprise would undertake for the,eftnsi system of the lakes and the St. Lawrence that which Canadian capital is insufficient to perform, and to which British capital is not and will not be attracted so long as the forcible annexation of Canada to the United States is one of the possibilities of a not very remote future. " I know," said one of them, whose loyalty to the British Crown would not be suspected if I were at liberty to mention his name, that it is not agreeable to the majority of the Canadian people to believe that, for weal or woe, the progress and well-being of Canada are far more intimately linked with the United States than with the mother country. But.as you have asked for my opinion I give it un reservedly. Canada is now a source of weakness to England; and situated as Canada is on this conti nent, exposed to the calamities of war, should any difference unfortunately arise between Great Britain and America, England is also a source of weakness to Canada. The Canadians ought to have more pride as a people than to continue a relationship to Great Britain which Great Britain does not greatly prize, if it prizes at all. They ought also to have more self-reliance than to continue to walk on the crutches supplied by the mother country, rather than use the limbs which nature has given them. There is no antagonism to Great Britain, or any ill feeling towards her, in my mind, or I think in that of any Canadian. Our fault is that we love England too well, or rather, I should say, that we love her too selfishly, and have not the true manli ness to look our true destiny fairly in the face. If Confederation lead to independence, I am in its favour ; if it lead to incorporation with the States, lam also in its favour. At the same time I be lieve that Confederation cannot be carried out, and that when annexation comes it will be in the shape of a gradual absorption of the Provinces one at a time—Canada first, and the maritime Provinces at a later period." I have thought it right to reproduce these opi nions in order that I might present to your readers the views of a minority of English speaking colo nists and natives of the Provinces, who look upon the question of Confederation in the light of their material interests, real or supposed, and who, with the true cosmopolitanism of the mercantile charac ter, are not much affected by so local a sentiment as patriotism. If they love England much, they love wealth and their adopted country still more. At the same time it is necessary to state that they know themselves to be on the unpopular side, and rarely give expression to their sentiments, except in the confidence of business or friendship. Public opinion; divided as it is on the mere question of Confederation, runs strongly in favour of the British connection, and annexation to the States is not mentioned in public life or in the newspapers, ex cept to be denounced as folly, at the best, and as treeason at the worst. So far as I have seen, only two newspapers, and those of no particular note, one published in London, Canada West, and the the other at St. Catherine's, have ventured to re commend it. The subject of canal improvement promises to occupy for the future a much larger space in Cana dian politics than has hitherto been accorded to it. The present Ministry and the Opposition are alike in its favour, provided always that the money for the purpose can be raised by public loan or by pri vate speculation. On Thursday last Mr. Holton, late Minister of Finance, who while in office was as supire as his predecessors and successors, moved an amendment, on going into committee of supply, in favour of the immediate e i plargement of the Wel land and the St. Lawrence Canals, as a means of MANCHESTER, SHEFFIELD, AND LINCOLNSHIRE. It appears that the contract for the construction of this company's new direct line from Manchester to Liverpool, authorised in the past session of Par liament, has been let to Messrs. Brassey, and that the works are to be vigorously prosecuted until com pleted throughout. The British American Provinces. ----- o ---. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) MONTREAL, Aug. 28. In my previous letters from this city, the true metropolis of Canada, as well as from Quebec, Ottawa, and Three Rivers, I have recorded my con viction, the result of extensive intercourse ;with all classes of men, that the bulk of the people, both English and French, Protestant and Roman Catholic, are not so much hostile to the Confederation of the Provinces as profoundly indifferent. I have furthermore found reason to believe that this indif ference would speedily give place to earnest and systematic opposition, if the majority were once per suaded, as some few already are, that Confederation was sought for Imperial, and not for Colonial pin-- poses, and that Great Britain was not prepared to pay the whole, or even the greater part, of the costs and charges of the change. To Confederation per se, there appears to be little dislike—no more than the instinct of Conservatism usually applies to all efforts at innovation that are not the results of an imperative and overpowering necessity; but to Con federation, accompanied by any considerable in crease of the burdens of taxation, there is a strong repugnance among all the non-politicians of the country. If there be one thing more than another that characterises both the great sections of the Canadian people, and more particularly the French of the Lower Province, it is their unpatriotic objec tion to pay the legitimate costs of the great liberties they enjoy. .These may be strong epithets, but they are no stronger than the truth, as many Canadians, both politicians and non-politicians, are willing to admit when the question of Confederation is fairly argued. The politicians in office, and many who are out of office, are exceedingly loyal. As the phrase goes, they are " more loyal than the Queen," and are quite willing to make the people pay for loyalty as they would for any other luxury. But the people themselves, loyal 'because loyalty is the fashion, are not desirous of any such change in the working of the sentiment as would entail much pecuniary outlay, present or prospective. Among a smaller class, well affected to the British connec tion, thankful for the liberties they enjoy at a smaller cost than any other civilised people in either hemi sphere, and averse from change of any kind, there is a vague feeling, only expressed in private inter course, that whether the British provinces remain as they are, or whether they confederate, as the govern ing party desires, and as the British Government recommends, the inevitable result is annexation to the United States. The result, though not in itself what they would prefer, has no terrors in their eyes; for though it might be accompanied by participation in the public debt of the great country of which Canada would become one of the constituent mem bers, it would also be accompanied by a partnership in the immense resources of the Union, and freedom from the incubus that now weighs upon Canadian energy and enterprise, in the shape of a constant liability to be involved in hostilities with the Federal Government, not in consequence of any fault com mitted or offence given by Canada, but on account of it forming a part of the British Empire. Among the arguments used by this class of men, some of them Canadian born, some of them settlers of a quarter of a century's standing, many of them largely engaged in the trade, manufactiire, or agriculture of the province, and a large portion of them accustomed to think for themselves, irrespective of the party po litics, with which they refuse to have any concern, commercial considerations take a leadingpart. They urge " That the general indebtedness of the Govern ment is on the increase; that the expense of the Vo lunteer force, small as it comparatively was, amounted on the Ist July last to $750,000, a large sum in a budget that does not contrive to equalise income and expenditure; and that the various canals and public works both of Upper and Lower Canada are BO unsuited to the requirements of trade as scarcely to defray the existinthgetealt 'varying management. They a dd th a t bet w ee n a duty of 10 t 025 and 30 per cent. upon British manufactures, cannot be increased for purposes of revenue without letting in the smuggler, givinc, an unwholesome bias to the native manufacturer, and otherwise defeatin g its own purpose. That Stamp a n d E xcise Duties, re lied upon to supply the deficiency of revenue, how ever productive they may be, cannot contribut e very largely to the public necessities, when levied a mong a population of no more than 2,500,000, the majo rity of whom are self-sustaining agriculturists, whose commercial transactions are few and simple. That the repeal of the Reciprocity Treaty, determined by the Federal Government for spite, and for no nobler reason, but which that Government has a perfect . right to abrogate w itho u t any reason at all, will soon I be felt in the diminished value of all Canadian com modities which are not dependent for their price on that which prevails in the British markets. That Confederation, provided New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were willing, might alleviate some of these evils. by fuilitating future and expanding present trade with the Maritime Provinces, but only to the inducing the Federal Government to consent to the renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty. The Ministry opposed the motion, firstly, on the ground that it amounted to a vote of want of confidence; secondly, that it was useless to agree to the principle without providing money to carry it into effect ; and thirdly, that the renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty ought to precede the proposed canal enlargement of which it would be the best stimulant. These arguments prevailed, and Mr. Holton's motion was defeated by a majority of 78 against 20. The question is as interesting to the people of England as it is to the Canadians and Americans. With a cattle disease in Europe, and beef rising in price throughout the British Isles, it becomes a matter of international concern that hundreds of thousands of barrels of pork, as well as of flour, should not annually be allowed to rot, or be wasted in lowa, Indiana, and Illinois, for want of the means of transport, which the New York canals, blocked up by a plethora of business, are unable to afford, and which those of the St. Lawrence are unfit to accommodate in default of an essential and not very costly enlargement. Confe derated or unconfederated Canada and the Maritime Provinces will never assume their proper commercial position in the world, until they are able to take pro per advantage of the splendid waterway of the St. Lawrence, and of their contiguity to the richest food producing States of the American continent. It is well, no doubt, to throw open to the immigration of Europe the vast arable lands on the Red River and the Saskatchewan, and to extend the frontier of Canada to the bases of the Rocky Mountains ; but as Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia are not one-third or one-fifth peopled, it would seem as if enterprise had a nearer and better field for its display than the north-western territory, and that it would be much more advantageous, especially for Canada, to develope her canal system than to pay $5,000,000 to the Hudson's Bay Company for a barren acquisition that would merely enlarge her boundaries without incrasing her resources. RICHARDSON'S CLARISSA HARLOWE, Reviewed—a Century after its Publication— by " The Spectator," It is almost as much a change of air to turn from the lively rattle of our railway novels to the solemn coach and-six of Richardson's full-dress genius, as to exchange London for the old towns of Germany, where the outside dress of the middle ages still abides, oven within hearing of the express trains. What a gulf, for example, between Richardson and Mr. Trollope ! And the difference is not exactly in the rate of their own movement as authors, for Mr. Trollope is tranquil and minute enough, and on proper occasion Richardson can be as lively and effervescent as any novelist of any day. The difference is in the move ment of the world which they describe. A • hundred modern interests ripple the mind of . to-day for every one that swept across that of Richardson's day, and hence he studied the breaking of a single wave with as much care and art as a modern artist would give to a whole storm at sea. Richardson made men and angels lay aside their proper con cerns—almost brought the whole world to a standstill—to gaze on the trial of one woman's virtue. Every one whom he introduces, he introduces only with relation to this one purpose. Clarissa's own family have their meaning only in Clarissa. They live but to persecute her into dangers from which she cannot escape, and to mourn over their own life as a wreck when their stupidity and obstinacy have borne their natural fruits. Lovelace, superior as he is as a dra matic creation to Clarissa and every other character, exists only to tempt and betray her; Miss Howe only to receive her confidences and sustain her by her sympathy ; Belford but to show what was her persuasive power over a dissolute heart. Enormous as are the proportions of the narrative, one centred more completely in one figure, and almost in one attitude of that figure, is nowhere else to be found. The long eight volumes in which it was formerly published are Wholly occupied with an ac count, the full size of life, - of every incident which contri buted to or impeded and delayed the denouement. While Mr. Trollope travels rapidly and lightly over hundreds of little incidents which are almost independent of each other, and related only as illustrating the various characters he has brought together in his tales, Richardson accompanies slowly in his state coach the slow march of the single temptation with which he occupies his story. No doubt there are very few oven of modern writers who travel over so much ground of miscellaneous incident as Mr. Trollope, but even those who adhere most closely to the develop ment of a single story take care to give a constantly changing attitude to the principal actors in relation to it ; they do not magnify a single moral attitude with Richard /3011'0 magnificent pertinacity and 'Welt/at:Uri° minutonover till they have exhausted its significance and sculptured it, as it were, in solid marble; rather :do they give a series of successive sketches of the same characters in different aspects. As we have implied, much of this fixity of man ner may be due to the time. In that less busy age, the leisurely classes made a great deal more of one purpose than wo do of many, and hence the characters them selves were less mobile than now, fell into stiffer moulds, brooded more over a few subjects, and made more solemn and elaborate preparations for given effects. But still if a Richardson would be more surprising than ever in the pre sent age, ho was a curious literary phenomenon even then, almost as strong a contrast to Fielding as to our modern writers. His imagination was microscopic, and required as definite a focus to its object-glass as a microscope. If any family nowadays could by any chance devote the time to breaking in a refractory girl to a disagreeable alliance which the Harlowes devoted to attempting to force Mr. Sohnes on Clarissa, certainly no other artist could repro duce those tedious months with the patient exactitude of Richardson. Precisely three months given up to family councils, voluminous letters, interviews, negotiation, diplo macy, protests, protocols, threats of war, and this only the introduction to the real story ! The first two volumes of the old edition are like the Schleswig-Holstein blue-books, only that Mr. James Harlowe, jun., was much more peremp tory than Lord Russell. And this is all prelude. Clarissa does not take up the attitude in which Richardson really designs co sculpture her till after her flight from home, till after the rash step when, as she pathetically wails in her letter to Miss Howe, "your Clarissa is gone off with a man." Then, the delicate but respectful inflexibility with which she has resisted the mixed prayers and bullyings of the family league, is changed into an equally keen but more proud and suspicious resistance to Lovelace's gay frauds and deep-scheming passion. Yet even in the introduction she is thrown into the attitude which Richard son thought the most characteristic of feminine purity,— one of perpetual guard against masculine encroachments; but while the earlier struggle is a mere test of pertinacity under almost brutal pressure, the engagement with Love lace is one which calls for subtlety, skill, vigilance, and the courage of despair. It is easy to criticise Richardson's conception of a para gon of feminine excellence in Clarissa. Her notion of purity is clearly legal, her humility is far from genuine ; she is evidently as conscious as her biographer that she is a spectacle for angels and for men, and her demure saintship when she devotes herself with almost the relish of an epi - cure to dying in the way that may heap the most glowing coals of fire on her persecutors' heads, though never without a certain transparent beauty and sweetness, is still full of didactic triumph. Then, in spite of the real sweet ness, there is a drop of feminine venom, of which Richardson himself is scarcely aware, at the bottom of Clarissa's character from beginning to end. In her very first letter, before her sister Arabella has begun her ma lignities, Clarissa dissects the vanities and radical vulgarity of her sister's mind to her friend Miss Howe with the most unflinching hand. And at the very last, though she professes to have forgiven all her enemies, she launches little poisoned arrows at them in her pious will and farewell letters which render the title so often applied to her of " divine lady" not a little amusing. This, for instance, is the red hot coal she bequeaths to her sister's maid, Betty, who harassed her much through the preliminary home persecution:—" To my sister's maid, Betty Barnes, I bequeath £lO, to show that I resent not former disobligations, which I believe were owing more to the insolence of office and to natural pertness than to per sonal ill-will." That is a pretty effectual retaliation for a saint to launch at a waiting maid from the tomb. Towards her betrayer, Lovelace, of course something of natural horror might fairly be mingled with her Christian forgive ness, but the actual state of her mind seems to us to have in it more of lingering spite and less of Christian forgive ness or profound pity than the author wished to delineate. The nice little dramatic scene in which she intends her own corpse shall play the most impressive parts, looks to us rather more like feminine revenge than it seemed to Clarissa's admirers :—" I could wish, if it might be avoided without making between Mr. Lovelace and my executor, that the former might not bo permitted to see my corpse. But if, as he is a man very uncontrol lable, and I am nobody's, he insist upon viewing her dead whom he ONCE before saw in a manner dead, let his gay curiosity be gratified. Let him behold, and triumph over the wretched remains of one who has been made a victim t o hi s barbarous perfidy, but let some good person, as by my desire, give him a paper while he is viewing the ghastly spe c t ac le, containing these few words only—' Gay, cruel heart !' Behold hero the remains of the once ruined yet now happy Clarissa Harlowe ! See what thou thyself must quickly be, and REPENT.!' Yet to show that I die in perfect charity with all the world, I do most sincerely forgive Mr. Lovelace the wrongs he has done me." That is, she forgives him in the sense of reserving to herself the comp l ete monopo l y o f woun ding him b y verbal taunts an d stings, post h umous or othe rw i se. That privilege, even though it require little theatric arrangements over he r coffin, she cannot give up. But all this is only criticism on Richardson's conception of feminine perfection, not on the picture of Clarissa, which is studied with absolute 'consistency and wonderful nicety THE SUN LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 14, 1865. throughout. She is brought up to think herself the centre of the universe—grandfather, father, mother, uncles, bro ther and sister, servants, every one bowing down before her, even as a child, as the sheaves of Joseph's brethren bowed in his dream towards his own sheaf. Her "friends and favourers," as in the time of her adversity she writes to Dr. Lewin, one of her principal "favourers," have a sort of right, she thinks, to know the history of trials and her glorious justification. She is fully aware of all her gifts. " Did I not," she writes to Miss Howe, " did I not think more and deeper than most young creatures think ; did I not weigh ; did I not reflect ; I might perhaps have been less obstinate. Deli cacy (may I presume to call it?) thinking, weighing, reflec tion are not blessings—(l have not found them such)—in the degree I have them. I wish I had been able in some very nice cases to have known what indifference was ; yet not to have my ignorance imputable to me as a fault. Oh my dear ! the finer sensibilities, if I may suppose mine to be such, make not happy." Yet in spite of all this didactic egotism in Clarissa., not unmingled with a resentment to those who do not recognise her merit which has often a touch of spite, there runs a delicacy of fibre—(purity meant something quite different in Richardson's day and our own) —a sweet persuasiveness, and a high-bred feminine mettle, which fascinates us almost against our will. In letter after letter, volume after volume, she is represented almost in the same attitude of half-affrighted, half-resentful feminine pride, longing to trust and finding no one near her to trust, thinking " deeper than most young creatures think," half detecting falsehood by the slightest and most uncertain signs, waging dangerous war with the most prolific and unscrupulous scheme ever represented in Lnglish fiction, and overwhelmed at last only to rise with keener and more statuesque pride cut of the struggle. The moral perfection Richardson intelligence is so inferior to his pertinacity; the vain, spiteful sister, who almost enjoys her sister's dis honour, but is overwhelmed with grief at her death ; the weak, fond mother, who dare not assert her own will to save her daughter ; the gouty, querulous father, who is persuaded he is doing it all himself when ho is the mere instrument of his son ; the uncles, equally weak, but after so different a fashion—one with all the tenderness of a soft nature, the other with all the bustle of a vulgar "plump soul," as Miss Howe calls the retired naval officer ; Miss Howe, again, the piquant auburn beauty, with her lively wit and knowledge of cha rac t er , an d h er ingrained imper tinence to all who attempt any control over her except Clarissa; then, her mother, who in spite of her own vul gar vanity and stinginess is really wrapt up in her daugh ter, whose more free and generous nature she so profoundly admires—even Mr. Brand, the pompous curate, with his string of classical quotations, and Joseph Leman, the semi hypocritical man-servant who delights to call himself a "plain man"—all are chiselled out with wonderful fidelity and often with a humour which ought to have gained Richardson a place with Fielding and Smollett in Thacke ray's English Humaurists. Clarissa is a book in which the lines are cut so much deeper than any novelist cares to cut them now, the whole treatment is so completely the size of life, without being (after the first two volumes) in any degree dull, that though no one character except that of Lovelace reaches to the highest standard of originality, they form together a group impressed with the manners of the 17th century, which takes its place amongst those most vivid of all memo ries which we retain some vague impression of having de rived from personal experience. It is a strange and some what quaint result of Richardson's "didatic design that he succeeded in making for ever memorable a wanton being without any very distinct trace of a conscience, and gave the artistic touch at least to his villain, instead of to the paragon of excellence whose character he had so painfully and minutely laboured. Cotton Supply Association. At the usual meeting of the executive committee, held on Tuesday, September 12, a letter was read from the Tahiti Cotton and Coffee Planta tion Company, reporting that the present crop grown on the company's estates is estimated at 30 tons, and that next year the manager hopes to send forward six times that quantity. The New Orleans seed has not been so successful as the Sea Island, and attention is now given almost:exclusively to the:cultivation of this latter variety. The success of the company has induced the apathetic natives to grow cotton, and the whole seaboard is becoming a series of plantations. The plant bears continuously during the year, the yield being about 600 kilo grammes of clean cotton to the hectare per annum, or about 5001 b. to the acre. Samples of cotton re cently received were submitted for examination, and valued at 28d. and 34d. per lb. respectively. Re ports forwarded by the Foreign-office were received from her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires at Pekin re specting the cultivation of cotton in the provinces of Kewkeang and Chi-Li. Mr. Vice-Consul litighca ataton that Kowircang lb not likely to become the centre of a large export trade in cotton. The amount expended in 1864, up to the 9th of November, was 1,464 bales, equal to 1,500 piculs—say 20,0001 b. Of this amount, 639 piculs were exported between the 3d of October, the com mencement of the season, and the above-named date. The cotton plant cultivated in Chi-Li bears a yellow flower, and grows to a height of about a foot and a half. It is grown all through the plain dis trict, particularly in Shun-t'ien, Fu and Tien Ching Fu, about 70 miles south-east of Pekin. In this district about half the land is planted with cotton. The crop suffers from drought and floods, and oc casionally from locusts, but not from frost. The land is generally owned in fee simple by families, and cultivated by the owners. The climate is cha racterised by the extremes of heat and cold. In winter the thermometer falls below zero, in summer it rises above 100 degrees. The Peiho is frozen about the end of November, and opens about the middle of March. The extreme heat lasts from the beginning of June till the middle of August. An immense quantity of rain falls in July, and but little at any other part of the year. A despatch from her Majesty's consul at Savannah, dated July 5, an ex tract from which was forwarded by the Foreign office, reports that it is generally believed the pre sent crop under cultivation will not yield more than 20,000 bales in Georgia; and that next year negroes enough may be induced by tempting wages to raise 250,000 bales; but this is a matter entirely of theory, and the most sanguine are not over confident of the result. A letter was read, conveying an offer on the part of the Spanish Government to place at the disposal of the association a quantity of cotton for warded by the Governor of Fernando Po and its de pendencies. The Queen has authorised this offer for the purpose of bringing the cotton thus grown under the notice of English manufacturers, and with the hope of encouraging its further cultivation in the Spanish possessions in the Gulf of Guinea, where it was produced with the greatest facility and in abundance, in spite of the imperfect appliances which until now have been in use in its preparation and cultivation. The offer thus made was readily accepted, and the cotton on its arrival will be sub mitted to public inspection, and be practically tested according to the desire of the Spanish government. A prospectus was received of a pro posed Antigua Cotton Company, the formation of which has been suggested by the facility withwhich cotton is grown in the island, and the desire which prevails among the inhabitants to enter into its cul tivation. Three estates, consisting of about 1,100 acres, to which 300 acres more may be added, are available for the objects of the company - , from a por tion of which 60 bales of cotton have recently been shipped. The Governor-in-Chief has been unre mitting in his solicitude to promote the interests and welfare of the colony ; he forwarded to the Board of Trade the first specimens of cotton, grown there, and has contributed greatly to extend the cultiva tion. Cotton being a sun plant will bear the greatest amount of dry weather, and an island where it sel domrains and the sun always shines seems peculiarly adapted to its growth. The New Orleans variety has been found to thrive best ; the Sea Island yields less and is capricious in its growth. Sanguine expectations are entertained that the enterprise will prove successful and remunerative. A letter was read, reporting the arrival of a consignment from Kurrachee of 28 bales of cotton, grows from American seed, near Ferozepore, and a sample submitted for examination was valued at 16d. per lb., affording additional evidence of the capability of India to produce cotton that will bear comparison with American. A letter was received enclosing specimens of a hybrid cotton, which is ' considered to be an improvement, and describing various experiments still in progress, which the writer has made, and which promise interesting re sults. A further grant of American seed was made • for Bagdad and the surrounding district, where the soil and climate are represented to be highly favour able to cotton cultivation. ELECTION EXPENSES.—The expenses incurred by Mr. Wyld, M.P. for Bodmin, are officially stated to have been £342 19s. 8d ; those of Mr. C. 1,. Webb, defeated can didate, £285 18s. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.--A long memoir on the treatment of the cattle disease has been prepared by order of the Privy Council, and published with the authority of that Department. It does not speak much for the resources of veterinary science, for it recommends that an animal attacked by the disease should be in continently knocked on the head with a poleaxe, and buried as it lies. That is the " best and safest" treatment. Just so it was held by ancient physi cians that in a certain class of maladies there was nothing like taking the patient at once and smother ing him between two feather beds. However, the meaning of the directions before us is probably this —that it will, in the long run, prove safer to kill the first animal infected, and so reduce the risk of con tagion, than to attempt a difficult and doubtful cure at the cost of keeping the poison among the herd. That tho cattle disease now rife in our pastures is not absolutely incurable has been established beyond doubt ; in some places even a fair proportion of cases has been successfully treated ; but a cow under treatment may infect other cows, whereas a cow five feet underground can do no such mischief. It is assumed, in short, as a leading maxim, that all our care should be given to prevention, and not to cure. We must keep animals from catching the plague, and one preservative is to kill those which have caught it. For the rest, a more elaborate digest of the " principles and practices of disinfection" than we yesterday published was never seen. A Hindoo does not protect his caste with more minute pre cautions than are recommended to farmers and herdsmen. A powder mill could be visited with less trouble than a dairy farm. If this is the right course, and very possible it may be, our agriculturists will not lose their reckoning for want of sailing direc tions. The theory seems to be that this typhus fever now prevailing among horned beasts is not epi demic, but is most horribly contagious. Contagion, indeed, appears to be the characteristic of the dis order. The French call it the " contagious typhus of cattle," and that designation conveys the real type of the disease. It is not merely typhus ; in fact, for anything that we know, our cows may be subject to typhus at any time ; but this is a typhus which spreads like wildfire, and is communicable by an infinity of means. It is not in the air, like cholera or smallpox, though, perhaps, the air may carry the infection within certain distances, but there is hardly a relic or trace of an infected beast, or of anything animate or inanimate with which that beast has been in contact, which may not give the disorder to another beast. That seems to be the idea now accepted of the existing Cattle Plague, and from it the instructions follow as a matter of course. Kill the beast first infected and bury it entire. " Disinfect" the shed, the stall, the manger, the paddock, and the very grass of the field by fire, water, or more composite agencies. Let no cow touch, smell, or taste anything touched, smelt, or tasted by the dead animal. Bury, burn, or destroy every particle of possibly infected matter, and so " stamp the plague out." We leave these directions without further comment, nor do we deny that in the confessed helplessness of veterinary authorities they may be the best available. To be sure, they are precisely such as were given by Virgil about 2,000 years ago, but if science has made no pro gress since then it is best to own it at once. Let us " stamp out" this Cattle Plague by all means, and as quickly as we can. When the plague and the panic have disappeared together, perhaps we may succeed in enlarging the scope of our informa tion and resources. No person, we think, can have attended to this controversy, and to the facts out of which it has arisen, without suspecting that much remains to be discovered, and still more to be proved. We are assured that this disorder is simply typhus attacking cattle, and a well-known correspondent of this journal remarked, indeed, that from the symptoms of the plague, as described by a cattle doctor, he could recognise from the begin ning to the end of its course the identical fever he had so often watched by the bedside of human patients. We know, however, perfectly well that as regards mankind there is no type or description of typhus, however intense in its malignity or infectiousness, which might not be generated in this country. Typhus fever, indeed, is a disease, and perhaps the only disease, which can be actually produced and developed without the aid of unknown atmospheric conditions. Do what we would in the .way of outraging Nature, we could not, so far as we know, create cholera without the presence of a specific poison beyond our reach or knowledge. But typhus can be manufactured by a process every stage of which is but too well known. In the worst and most virulent form—that is to say, when unresisted by science, and aggravated to the utmost by ignorance and want—it is the Oriental plague. Now, a scientific inquirer would certainly ask himself how it happens that a disease which among human kind can he developed i n thi s coun try with such peculiar facility should, in the case of horned cattle, not admit of any such production, or be capable of appearing except through the impor tation of an infected subject from a certain country a long way off. That is one question for considera tion. Another will certainly be suggested by the extreme activity and communicability of the disease when it has actually appeared. That the genera tion of certain diseases is confined to certain lati tudes we know very well, but then it is also found that beyond such latitudes these local disorders will either not spread at all or will take no stronghold. For instance, it would be possible to draw a line upon a map beyond which that particular type of fever called "yellow fever" is never seen. The disease requires for its diffusion the same elements which it required for its origination, and if by chance a case of yellow fever were found in this country we might be quite sure that it was imported from abroad. Butthe characteristics imputed to the Cattle Plague are totally different from these. We are assured that it is so local and peculiar a disorder that, except in a comparatively circumscribed region, and under conditions peculiar to that region, it never can by any possibility be generated. The elements required for its production are found on the steppes of Russia and Hungary, and nowhere else. That is one part of the case, and we can quite understand it. But we are told the next minute, and, indeed, we see with our own eyes, that the disease, so intensely and absolutely local in its origin, is literally without limit in its development and naturalization. No malady of the most thoroughly native and congenial kind could take hold of our herds more strongly and freely than this cdttle plague. It finds in our atmosphere, our pastures, and our cattle every element necessary for its dissemination and increase; indeed, we are justi fied in assuming that it finds them in perfection and abundance. Not upon it s na ti ve s t e pp es could it be more completely at home than it is here, where all imaginable precautions are required to keep it from sweeping over the country like the blast of a hurri cane. Are these conditions easily reconcilable ? We should also like to know by what methods a disease said to be singularly local, and yet seen to be essen tially migratory, is usually confined to the region of its birth. How is it that, with such an intensity of contagion, the countries actually adjoining the steppes ever escape the murrain ? We have hardly yet succeeded in raising a barrier between one county and another ; how is a perpetual barrier maintained between Russia and Germany, maintained not only against importations of herds, but against such subtle media of contagion as we have found to be sufficient to communicate the disease ? Once more ; this plague, we are told, always exists in Russia, and therefore would have been at anytime communicable. Was that famous Revel cargo the first and only con signment of Russian beasts we have received ? We suggest these inquiries for deliberate anti impartial consideration. The immediate work before us is, no doubt, more urgent; but though the directions of the Privy Council may absorb our attention and exer cise our vigilance at present, we cannot but suspect that we shall find much to learn by and by when the crisis and its alarms have subsided. Po ST.-It is impossible not to sympathise with the patriotism displayed in the visit of the Schleswigers to Denmark, and, though mere sympathy will not restore nationalities, it may eventually contribute to sustain claims which are founded on moral right and justice. The sentiments expressed in the fes tivities at Copenhagen are in accordance with the ideas of the epoch. To a considerable extent they have, no doubt, been inspired by circumstances, and it must be observed that Germany is pri marily responsible for their adoption. The prin ciples of natural boundaries and community of lan guage were formerly held to be repugnant to public law, but, now that public law has passed into a state of abeyance, these principles have acquired a certain equitable force. Treaties being destroyed, the theory of nationalities has sprung from their ruins. The situation may be abnormal, but it is the necessary result of international anarchy. Schleswig was guaranteed to Denmark by the last European Act of Settlement, and it is actually held by Prussia as ter ritory conquered in war. Hence the Schleswigers protest against the severance, and, as treaties are no longer operative they contend that there are bo n d s of fraternity which can neither be torn by war nor peace. In effect, they appeal to the principle of na tionalities, and urge that the violent infraction of legal rights has placed them in a position to as sert their natural rights. They are powerless, they admit, but the principle they invoke is liv ing, growing, and potent, and if S c hl esw i g i s to Denmark what Venetia is to Italy they see no reason to despair. The question they raise is, it need not be remarked, exceedingly comprehen sive, and ono that should be seriously considered. It has been truly stated that if a country claimed its natural boundaries, and claimed to be the judge of where they were, it would be difficult to decide what measures of precaution or resistance ought to be adopted. This, owever, is precisely what Germany has done, and it is 2'l not the intention but the fait accomp li th a t c h a ll en tion. But in con c l u di ng p eace w ith : Le-18 arsidke great Germa n P owers d rew th e b oun d ary n.th trha- e out reference to the principle of nationality an that circumstance, together with the misapp:°; priation of the Duchies, has probably led the Schleswigers to hope that the arrangement is not final. Such an assumption may hardly be said to be unreasonable, and, on the other hand, it cannot be regarded as immediately practical. Still, in any event, it would seem that there is no alter native between the re-establishment of public lavi' and the indiscriminate assertion of the rights of nationalities. As a matter of fact, if a country be at liberty to rectify its frontiers in conformity with c so-called natural landmarks, or by a community 01 language, that must be accomplished either through war or by a new act of settlement. If the question is to be considered, it must be considered in all its bearings ; and if the boundaries of States are to be determined and observed, those who deride " map making" should recollect Mr. Pitt's exclamation after the battle of Austerlitz. Let force be made the measure of aggrandisement, and we may have again to " roll up the map of Europe." It cannot be dissembled that while some Powers are enlarg ing their borders in defiance of public engagements, other Powers are taking note of their proceedings, and the acts which are admitted under protest may nevertheless be hereafter referred to as precedents. Plainly, this amounts to preparing a basis for war, and, in truth, Prussia has brought hostile princi ples all but into collision. The theory on which the Duchies were wrested from Denmark has ob tained a locus standi, and in acquiring her northern marches Germany has set an example which may in due season be followed. Therefore the questioa has to be considered from what must be called an entirely new point of view. Whether the principle which the Schleswigers rely on be a good principle or a bad principle, it has crept into the discussion, and there it will remain. It was announced in the Congress of Paris, it was significantly maintained in the London Conference, it was affirmed by Count Cavour before it was enunciated by M. Drouyn de Lhuys, and it has been conspicuously vindicated by the Emperor of the French. The poor Schleswigers, it must be allowed, can quote high authorities in their favour; and, above all, in so far as they are concerned, Germany proclaimed the doctrine, and the King of Prussia and the Emperor of Austria took up arms to propagate it. There can be very little doubt, then, that in a future settlement of European affairs this principle will be entertained, and in considering the expediency of any course of action it would be idle to ignore its presence. Nor does it appear to consist with prudence to leave it to be developed by events. It must be borne la mind that at present the peace of Europe is only disturbed or menaced, by the disorganised condition of one country, and ostensibly in relation to terri tory of which another country has been, as it is con fessed, unlawfully deprived. Prussia and Austria , can alone defend their seizure of the Duchies on the principle of nationalities, and, however anomalous it may be, the fact is that this principle has in a manner demoralised Germany. It is admitted, too, that in the public interest the Germans must have the benefit, whatever it may be, of a community of language. But the Germanic Confederation hedged round with the bayonets of the two great Powers who farm it as a privalte estate, and their impunity is the source of the existing European complications. It is possible that ultimately Den mark may profit by the theory on which she was despoiled, and the loyalty of the Danish population in Schleswig will doubtless weigh in the balance when what has been done comes to be reviewed. The provisorium cannot be indefinitely prolonged, and, even if the great German Governments are suffered to consummate an iniquitous transaction, it will be on conditions which may not be misappre' hended. In no form can such a flagrant departure from the principles which govern civilized commu nities be sanctioned, and while Austria may be sum' moned to acknowledge the rights of nationalities on the Adriatic, Prussia is the very last Power II! Europe that should venture to speak of natural boundaries. COUNTRY MARKETS HULL.--TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a fair show of English wheat, but only a limited business was done, factors refus ing to buy at the reduced rates (Is to 2s) offered by the farmers. Barley was in short supply. Full prices wer e realised both for malting and grinding. Oats, beans, and peas in rather short supply, and no change in price• fair busin,ess done in linseed at advanced prices. English old white wheat, 46s to 48s; old red, 42s to 46g. Barley ; chevalier, 28s to 325. Oats, Russian, 22s to 249. Beans, new English, 42s to 435. Peas, English blue, So to 3Gs 6d ; grinding, 35s to 35s 6d per 36 stone. LYNN—TUESDAY. At to-day's market the supply of wheat was good, fresh threshed old could not be bought cheaper than last week; stale samples were is per qr. cheaper ; new met a slow sal® it is to 2s per qr. less money. Beans and oats maintaine d late rates. The. price of barley in favour of buyers. New wheat, 448 to 52s ; new red, 425 to 445; old white, 488'to 525; old red, 47s to 48s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 28s to 325; secondary, 305 ; ordinary, 24s to 26 5 per qr. Oats, 22s to 24s per 24 stone. Beans, large, 385 to 40s ; small, 42s to 44s per 38 atone. MELTON MOWBRAY.—T UESDAY. A fair show of wheat, which changed hands at is per q r decline. Barley a moderate show and unchanged in priV . Oats sold at quite last week's p r i c es. Beans were on 0-1 ' advance. White wheat, 44s to 53s ; red, 88s to 49s per 36 stone• Barley for malting, 33s to 35s per qr ; feed, 28s to 30$ pe r 30 stone. Oats, 27s to 30s. Beans, old, 43s to 455; ne w ' 40s to —s per qr. S ALISBURY.—TuEsDAY. This market was held to-day in consequence of Wilton great sheep fair falling on the regular market day. The following are the quotations :—Wheat realised fro m ; 38s to 52s ; barley, 26s to 32s ; o a ts, 22s to 30s ; beans, 403 s to 50s ; and peas, 34s to 42s per qr. Tares, from 6s to 3d per bushel ; Best bread, 12d ; hous e hold ditto, 1 - 11 h per 81b loaf. Flour, 32s to 37s per sack. NEWCAS TLE-ON-TYNE.--TuEsDAY. A short supply of old wheat was offered, but scareeli any new came to hand, although there were inquiries for, it. Previous quotations were not maintained either for el" or new. For old barley an active demand has set in at higher values, this year's growth being deficient in quart' tity. Oats unaltered, but requirements somewhat limited' In beans and peas sales were slowly effected, but prices utr' changed. For flour no particular demand ; prices less firra• COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. _ s. d. EL a. Carway and Duffryn W a ll s E n d H aswe ll . .. 21 0 Malting 24 0 Braddyell's 'Lefton.... 20 i g, Wylam l6 0 Kelloe Eden Main 0 Tunstall 6 Holywell Main l6 0 New Belmont l9 3 Pensher Primrose ... 1 1 9 9 Wharncliffe 20 0 Cassop 6 3 F T ra ee m s wellgate Ships at market, 47; sold, 44. STATUE TO DR. JENNER AT BOULOGNE. - "'" Dji h Monday a statue, raised in honour of the Ei: 1 0; physician, Dr. Jenner, was inaugurated at Boulogne statue was erected by the united exertions of a society ° savants in Paris and the municipal corporation of Boulogne sur-Mer. It stands on a marble pedestal about 121t. 1 ' and measures nearly 10ft. in hei g ht. It i s o f i ro n, broni e , by galvanic aid. The pose of the fi g u re , which is cloth e ' in the costume of 1810, is easy. The head is slightly dined as though absorbed in thought. In the right ba ll he holds a lancet. The left hand reposes on a pile of trel; ties placed on a pedestal, from u men depends the Sk ete , , twwb ty nrmly placed vvo. ti , .. " " Angleterre," while the left is advanced over the w°l. , "France." On the border of the groundwork is insc ribe d' the name of " Jenner," and on the pedestal is imprin t° "A Edward Jenner, la France reconnaisant, lime Se . tembre, 1865." Births. t o BURTON.—On the 9th inst., at Montys Court, Taunton , wife of Lieut.-Colonel Burton, C. 8., of a daughter. DASIIWOOD.—On the 4th inst., at Fyvie Castle, Aberdee i r t shire, N. 8., the wife of Sir Edwin Hare Dashwood, na of a slaughter. Gov GonDoN.-- 7 0n the 9th inst., the wife of C o l one l S. E. don, ILA., of a son. _ ; f a of R IC HABDS.—On the 11th inst., at T o tt en h am, the Basil Richards, Esq., of a son. Marriages, ,071 GRAIIAM—WonGER.—On the 12th i ns t. at at Saint L t n; to Old-street, Captain F ranc i s Graham, W.I. I) ,, °e ',:a' Ellen, third daught er o f Mr. Thomas Clifford v , of Chiswell-stree` F . bury-squar Inas ins e. itl .'"' OSBORN — RHODES.—On the 12th i ns t ., at Holz T r ' 2to Church, Paddington, Robert Durie Osborn, tj scl " rot Bengal Caval r y, son of the late Colonel Roche Oebare- H.E.1.C.5., to Edith, second daughter of the Itel r * gory Rhodes, of Gloucester-crescent, Hyde-park. Deaths. .110 e5 CORNISH.—On the 7th inst., at Black Hall, Devon , Cornish, Esq., aged 73. CURLING.—On the 12th inst., at Maesmawr, ne ar pool, Wm. Curling, E sq ., late of Hitchin, Herte, 57. O' CRAIG.—On the 12th inst., at 31, Great Conan-street? Mrs. Alexander Craig. 1 : ° " HUTCHDISON.—On the 12th inst. at at Ilarewood-h lington, Henry Hutchinson, Esq., solicitor, aged 6 ' l‘ i s jor MAIRIS.—On the 9th inst., at Portishead, Somerset' V. H. Mairis, formerly of the Carbiniers, aged 7 0 : .0 00 NicHoLsoN.—On the 12th inst., at Sunderland, " Nicholson, Esq., J.P., aged 77. 00 0 WILTSHIRE.—On the 11th inst., at Gravesend, gli• Wiltshire, late of Charing, Kent, aged 87 London : Printed and Published by WIL LlAlil .A.Nft o 10: of No. 112, Strand, Pfinter , at Tai, ITN S Offt 3 e!.. 0. Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy. in the tdow- Ailddleeer.—Thurs lay, September .14, 186.5. 29 6 Into vaYrne App GT ti ( Mello RI FRIG It i the Sol at 8, ObF is _t un IVI B° ter E Thi 810 A t Plet e d (lista., Sin c olisti Th, this , Wand e 25 gag th e 0 Ana wain Ti; € 'OllO\N A A l ld t —gain To tat , Z4OO O abl e b , ,ca As s Colis e tfop e , atan gage c °Perm The The of thiE Or to t 145 7, 01 eat -.Lan c i E "IDor Nfr. br [ N } ° I L, the I it 4 nd ca R PIC) 4, A.L( -.....___ A g D o 411 111 P Mees,l Nr e ()%i SA e,„ t ,