The Sun. — London, England, 1865-11-03 00:00:00

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE; BODMIN. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held on Tuesday at the Guildhall, Bodmin. Captain Alms presided. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the r eport, said the company were contending with that important difficulty, want of capital. Negotiations had been going on with the associated companies, from whom offers of substantial assistance had been received. The proffered aid, however, was insuffi cient to enable the company to meet a contrac tor, but it was to be hoped the directors would soon be enabled to make up the sum necessary to place themselves in the hands of a contractor, and turn the first sod. The report was unanimously adopted. MONTROSE AND BERVIE. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held at Montrose on Tuesday ; Mr. A. Porteous in the chair. The report stated the line had been approved by the officer of the Board of Trade, and that it would be opened for traffic on the Ist of November. The directors had entered into an agreement with the Scottish North-Eastern Railway Company for the working of the line by that company for a period of eight years. The receipts on capital account amounted to £47,323, and the expenditure to £55,197, leaving a balance of £7,174 against the company. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said the line had been approved by the Go vernment inspector, and would be opened the next day (Wednesday) for public traffic. The Scottish North-Eastern Railway Company would work the line, and he was glad to say they had subscribed £15,000 towards the capital of the company, and Mr. Nicolson had been appointed to represent the Scottish North-Eastern Company on the Board. Mr. H. Scorr seconded the motion, and it was unanimously agreed to. The meeting was then made special, and the working agreement between this company and the Scottish North-Eastern Company for working the traffic and providing rolling stock was unani mously approved ; and a vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the proceedings. SUTHERLAND. The first ordinary meeting of this company was held on Saturday at Inverness ; Mr. Matheson, M.P., in the chair. Mr. Dougall, the secretary, read the report, which stated that the bill for the incorporation of the com pany passed through Parliament without opposi tion, and received the Royal assent on the 29th of June last. The works of that portion of the line extending from Ardgay Station of the Highland Railway to Kirkton, near Golspie, a distance of 25 miles, had been let to Messrs. Brand and Son, con tractors, and were in active progress. A deviation of the line near Dunrobin had been found desirable, and the directors proposed to apply to Parliament in the ensuing session for a bill to authorize its being carried out. Up to the 31st of August last £11,814 had been received and £1,396 expended. The CHAIRMAN regretted that the Duke of Suther land, the chairman of the company, and Mr. Loch, his commissioner, were ,unavoidably absent. The works of the line were going on satisfactorily. Mr. Brand, an efficient contractor, had taken part of the work, and no doubt would be able to complete it to their satisfaction. All the other business of the company was progressing favourably. The chairman then moved the adoption of the report, and the appointment as directors of the Duke of Sutherland, the Earl of Caithness, the Hon. T. C. Bruce, Mr. Matheson, M.P., and Mr. Loch, and that Messrs. J. K. Greig and P. Anderson be re elected auditors. Mr. PATTERSON seconded the motion, which was agreed to unanimously. The lion. T. C. BRUCE proposed a vote of thanks to the chairman, and the meeting separated, lIIGIILAND. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held on Friday at Inverness , Mr. A. Matheson in the chair. The report, an abstract of which has appeared in The Sun, was taken as read, The CHAIRMAN moved the adoption of the report, and said it was the first general meeting of the shareholders since the passing of the Amalgamation Bill consti tuting them as the Highland Company. Ile then entered into a history of the lines now forming the undertaking. The first was the Inverness and Nairn, authorised in 1853 and opened for traffic in Nov., 1855, the next was a line from Nairn to Keith, which, having identical interests, were amalgamated as the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction in 1860. The next step was the promotion of the Inverness and Ross-shire line as far as Invergordon and ultimately to Bonar-bridge. The Ross-shire line was amalga mated in 1862, and the extension of Bonar-bridge was obtained in 1863 and opened in 1864. The dis tance from Bonar-bridge to Keith was 113 miles. The Inverness and Perth line was opened to the public in Sept., 1863. All those undertakings con stituted, with two short branches to Burghead and Aberfeldy, the Highland Railway. The estimated cost of the Inverness and Nairn was £BO,OOO, but it cost £llB,OOO ; of the line from Nairn to Keith £325,000, but it cost £578,000, or £253,000 more. The line from Inverness to Invergordon was esti mated to cost £215,000, but cost £285,000, or £70,000 more; the line from Invergordon to Bonar-bridge cost £160,000, being within the estimate. The In verness and Perth line was estimated to cost £654,000, but had cost £1,056,000, or £400,000 beyond the estimate. This excess of cost had brought the com pany into its present position, but in most cases the estimates of traffic had been largely exceeded. • The original estimates had been too low, and some of the works executed had far exceeded the extent and cost of those originally contemplated. That had been the cause of the falling off in the dividend. They had more than ampl e s t oc k on h an d t o cover ever y liabi lity, although the directors were still personally liable for about £280,000 o f th a t amoun t. Th e outstand ing liabilities did not exceed £140,000, while the amount due to the banks was about £550,000 in all. He expected that they would on l y b e a bl e t o d ec l are a small dividend iin March next---say of 2 per cent. per annum; but n Aug., 1866, they wo u ld p ro b a bl y pay near 4 per cent., and with an increase in the traffic of £3OO a week they could declare a 5 per cent. dividend. Considering the extension and com pletion of other lines that would bring them traffic, he thought their line would become one of the best paying lines in Scotland. The Earl of SEAFIELD seconded the motion, which, after some discussion, was adopted. It was stated that after all liabilities were cleared off the expenditure would be £2,740,000. The divi dend, at the rate of £2 per cent. per annum, was declared, and the proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to the chairman. DINGWALL AND SKYE. The first ordinary meeting of this company was held at Inverness on Saturday ; Mr. Matheson, M.P., in the chair. Mr. Dougall, the secretary, read the report, which stated that the bill for incorporating the company bad passed through Parliament, after considerable opposition from landowners, and received the royal assent on July 5 last. In consequence of unfore seen difficulties which arose in arranging with cer tain landowners on the line no progress had been made with the works, and the directors thought it right to state that no steps would be taken until the difficulties were removed. The capital account to Aug. 31 showed that £9,8 , 11 had been received and 11,211 expended. The CHIAI►:MAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said it was with considerable regret the direc tors had come to the resolution of not proceeding with the works of the railway at present. A satisfac tory agreement had been come to with Lord who had been one of their opponents. They hoped soon to complete an arrangement with Mr. David son, another landowner, on reasonable terms. Ile was sanguine as to the ultimate success of the line. Provost Murato seconded the motion, and it was adopted. 'file Master of Lovat, Hon. T. C. Bruce, Mr. A G. Dallas, Capt. Fraser, Mr. Macleod, and Mr. Matheson, M.P., were elected directors, and Mr. Greig and Ur. Anderson were elected auditors. The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to the chairman. BAHIA AND SAN FRANCISCO. An extraordinary general meeting of this com pany was held yesterday at the London Tavern ; Mr. Weguelin, M.P., in the chair. The Secretary having read the notice convening the meeting to confirm a series of resolutions passed on the 12th of October last, authorising certain alterations in the articles of association. The CHAIRMAN said they had unfortunately a preliminary difficulty to get over; they had not suffi cient shareholders present to constitute a legal meeting. It was necessary that there should be 20 shareholders present in person or by proxy, repre senting one-fifth of the shares in the company, in order to constitute a legal meeting. The directors might adjourn the meeting for a week, or call an other special meeting to be held at the end of 28 days, and, by giving the necessary notice, they could then transact the business legally, whether there was a quorum or not. Mr. CONYBEARE thought it very desirable to alter the articles of association, especially with regard to the constitution of general meetings of the company. He wished to know whether any negotiations were going on with the representative of the Brazilian Government for the disposal of the line. The CHAIRMAN said he had met Capt. Medeiros, who told him that he believed the Brazilian Govern ment were desirous of having:an offer from the com pany for the sale of the line. He believed that Capt. Medeiros had no powers to conclude any treaty, nor had he made them any offer. He (the chairman) told him they would be glad to propose any terms that would meet with general acceptance, such as the payment back of their capital. It did not press in their case; he believed the Government were more desirous of having the St. Paulo and the Pernambuco than their line. That was the whole substance of the conversation. Mr. GOEZ thought there was another point, with respect to making the roads to the railway. The CHAIRMAN said he had not touched upon that; they had had negotiations on the subject of the roads, and it was understood from the Imperial Go vernment that the roads would be proceeded with. After some further observations the meeting was adjourned to Thursday, the 9th inst. Lecture by Sir Henry Rawlinson. The lecture-session of the Frome Mechanics' In stitution was inaugurated on Tuesday evening by Major-Gen. Sir 11. Rawlinson, M.P., who gave a deeply-interesting lecture on " Life in Baghdad, with details of Oriental Life and Manners." Mr. Le Gros presided. Sir H. RAWLINSON commenced by stating that the reason he appeared before them at so short a notice was because it had been represented to him that by opening the session he would be conferring a benefit upon the institution, and, as an earnest of his desire to promote its welfare, he consented to give the first lecture of the session. He had selected a subject which he hoped would afford his audience both amusement and instruction. While Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine were as familiarto Englishmen as Greece or Italy, and possessed all the appearances of European civilisation, the Great Desert cut off almost entirely all European manners, or if they were visible at Baghdad they served only to give a deeper and richer tone to the Oriental customs pre vailing there. Having lived 12 of the best years of his life at Baghdad, when he was a young man and took a deep interest in public affairs, he was well acquainted with the country. Baghdad was the ca pital of a great province of Asia of the same name, and called in ancient times Babylonia. It was at Baghdad that mankind first assembled after the flood and built the Tower of Babel. It was to the same city that Abraham belonged, and at that pe riod it was an independent monarchy. For. 1,000 years previous to the fall of Nineveh it was allied to Assyria, and then again it became a separate mo narchy, of which Nebuchadnezzar was the king. In the same place the Jews were held captive for 70 years, and the books of Nehemiah, Ezra, and Esther gave full details of other important events which transpired there. For the purposes of culti vation, Baghdad possessed some of the richest soil in the world, the rivers Tigris and Euphrates mak ing the plain through which they flowed resemble in fertility a large garden. The lecturer having briefly sketched the history of the country from the reign of Belshazzar to the present time, next described the various routes by which the travellers proceeded from Europe to Baghdad. One route crossed the desert from Damascus, and the journey was accom plished on the backs of camels, taking 10 days of 15 hours each ; another route was by the north from Constantinople ; and a third by the ordinary Turk ish post horses, which by dint of continual spurring would enable the traveller to proceed at the rate of 100 or 120 miles per day. Occasionally, when the river was high, a good part of the distance might be accomplished by rafts, Mr. Layard's graphic de scription of which mode of travelling the lecturer read. He next referred to his duties at Baghdad, as the British Consul-General and Political Agent. England had always been desirous of maintaining peace between the two great empires of Turkey and Persia, and the British Consul had ever been on the alert to prevent quarrels. Then, there were a large number of Christians at Baghdad, and as the Eng lish Government had taken every opportunity of speaking a good word in their favour against the Mohammedans, the Consul had to be ever ready for that work. The chief population of the country were Arabs, and it was the desire of England to cul tivate amicable relations with them. The benefits of such relations were observable in laying the over land telegraphic wires, as it was owing to the long continued friendly relations between England and Baghdad that the work was so easily accomplished. There was a considerable trade carried on between England and that country. While he (Sir Henry) was at Baghdad, he took an especial interest in its antiquities, and in the work of excavating some in teresting relics which was carried on. The lecturer next described the everyday life at Baghdad, the houses, the bazaars, the contents of some of the principal shops, and the persons traversing the streets, comprising Arabs, Bedouins of the desert, the dominant Turks, who filled the chief offices of the country, Persians, Koords, who inhabit the mountains, the native Christians of Baghdad and the neighbouring mountains, (Jews (about 2,000 families), Indians, Greeks, and a goodly number of Europeans. The lecturer entered into minute de tails respecting the peculiar type of Jews to be found t a i t ans ß 7 h A d r a n c : l ie ; ni a a n n d s, the various divisions of the Chris the three branches of N Popishestriancso,nvaenrdts Jacobins, from the s a and the The houses were generally built round three sides of a court-yard, with a fountain in the centre. On the side facing the street were the gentlemen's apart ments, and these contained projecting windows, through which the inmates could look up and down the street. The harem, or females' apartments, were at the back. Sir Henry next described the mode of paying visits at Baghdad. Shortly after entering a friend's house, the pipe was introduced, then coffee of a bitter, black, thick kind was handed round, then another pipe, next sherbet and sweetmeats, then a third pipe, next tea in small cups, without milk or sugar, but with the addition of lemon juice, and then another pipe. In some of the larger houses rosewater was next brought, and the guests sprinkled with it, after which they Passed their hands through the perfume arising from a censor of frankincense, and while their hands were laden with perfume they stroked their beards. The institutions of the coun try owed their origin toMohammedanism. Polygamy was permitted ;- but though the law allowed a man four wives, as a matter of fact few persons had more than one. The tradesman could not afford a second, even if he were master of the first, which was not always the case ; and some of the men who were in a position to maintain another wife were afraid to exasperate than one wife the reigning lady. Those who had more generally had a separate establish ment, or a distinct set of apartments for each. The climate of Baghdad afforded the greatest extremes of heat and cold. In winter ice might frequently be seen, and in summer the fliE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 3, 1865. heat was insupportable. In summer the people live in underground cellars, ventilated by long chimneys called wind-catchers. Those who could afford it, made a kind of summer-house on the banks of the river, and by artificial means were enabled to reduce the temperature to 80, while it was 160 outside in the sun, in consequence of the hot winds from the north. At night the people slept on the flat roofs of the houses. The richness of the soil was traced to the spring inundations of the Tigris and Euphrates, which brought down the rich alluvial soil from the mountains. The banks of the rivers were covered with gardens of orange, pomegranate, and rose trees. There were whole acres of rose trees cultivated for the purpose of making rose water and the essential oil or otto of roses. Some times Sir Henry had had all the rooms and passages of his dwelling carpeted a foot deep with roses, sup plied gratuitously for the purpose, in order to crush them well before boiling them down. After explain ing the process of obtaining the otto from the boiled roses, the lecturer described the sports of the coun try. The chief amusement was hawking the ante lope, for which the hawk and greyhound were pur posely trained. There were hundreds of thousands of antelopes in the country ; they were as common as sparrows in England. They also hunted the ante lope with the hunting leopard, a very different animal to the ordinary leopard. Shooting and fish ing in Baghdad were very much as in England. Wild animals were frequently tamed. During his residence in the country, Sir Henry was rarely without a tame lion in his house. The lion might be tamed with great ease, and even in his wild state he would rarely attack man. The lecturer gave particulars of one of these animals that showed its affection for him, coming to his feet to die ; and though the servant endeavoured to force it from its refuge, the beast would not be removed, and it died a few minutes after. Though the leopard was a much more difficult animal to tame, Sir Henry had frequently succeeded with it. One of those creatures followed him about the house and streets like a dog, and at night slept on his pillow. He brought it to England with him, but finding it inconvenient to be followed through the streets of London by such a beast, whose only weakness was an apparent belief that all babies were meant for it—Sir Henry sent it to the Clifton Zoological Gardens, and it died only last year. After three years' absence in Baghdad, the faithful beast recognised Sir Henry on his return, bounded towards him, and lay on its back in token of sub mission and joy. On one occasion the lecturer had a pair of wolves, that had been tamed by one of the Persian princes. With those he used to course jackals, a sport which few Englishmen had ever en joyed. Another animal frequently to be seen about the house was the ostrich, and the favourite amuse ment of the Baghdad boys was to bestride their backs and run races. The birds would stretch out their necks and appear to enjoy the sport, as an English racehorse would. There was scarcely a house in Baghdad where a tame antelope was not to be found, while the mungoose served the same purpose as the cat in England. In conclusion, the lecturer said, as Baghdad was so rich and valuable a country, it could not but be interesting to consider what would be its future fate. In the hands of the Turks it could never improve, for the faith of Islam was incompatible with civilisation. They derived their morals from the Koran, a book which, though somewhat adapted to the sixth and seventh centuries, was totally unfit to be a code of laws for the nine teenth ; and while they adhered to such they were in a kind of straight-waistcoat. He (Sir Henry) was satisfied that Turkey, as a nation, was weaker now than before the Crimean war. Their army was little better than the old Jannissary forces, and their fanaticistus prevented the spread of Christianity. Looking at in a fair way, there was but little pros pect of a regeneration of Turkey. What were to become of her rich provinces ? He (the lecturer) believed that before long, without the interference of any European Power, there would be a re volution in Turkey, the Christian element would become dominant in the land, and the Mohammedan inhabitants would have to leave her provinces. England would, he was sure, repudiate any partici pation in the spoils of the country, but she might have to interfere to prevent other European Powers from taking possession of any of her provinces. Were France to take possession of Egypt, or Russia attempt to take Baghdad, our Indian empire would be imperilled. It therefore became a matter for con sideration whether, rather than allow any other Power to cut off our communication with India, it might not become our duty to hold that country. He hoped it would not be necessary, for he had always spoken against the extension of our domi nions in the East, and England had already as much as she could securely hold ; still, at some future time, England might possibly have a more intimate connection with Baghdad. The lecturer was fre quently applauded ; and. at the close the chairman announced that among the gentlemen who had pro mised to lecture during the session were Sir John Bowring and the Rev. R. P. Maemaster, of Bristol. Naval and Military Intelligence. A War-office circular has been received at Chat ham garrison announcing that the Secretary of State for War, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State for India, has decided that the wives of Gene ral officers appointed to the Staff in India who may be unable, through sickness, to accompany their husbands to India, will have their passage paid at the public expense, provided the claim is preferred within six months of the officer's embarcation. In exceptional cases, however, the period of the claim may be extended to nine months, after which time no claim will be entertained. Yesterday morning, by order of the Commander in -Chief, Gunner Roach, of the Ist division, Depot Brigade, Royal Artillery, stationed at Sheerness, was drummed out of the regiment. The prisoner had been found guilty of stealing various articles from the sergeants' mess and other dishonourable conduct, and . the sentences of two courts-martial — one held at Gibraltar and the other at Sheerness — having been read on the parade ground, the usual ceremony of cutting off his buttons and stripes was gone through, and he was played by the band off the ground, after which he was taken in custody to Springfield Gaol, Chelmsford, where he will undergo a period of 168 days' imprisonment. The condition of the bottom of the iron screw steam ship Agincourt, 26, at Devonport, has created con siderable surprise in the minds of the officers of the dockyard and others. About six weeks since she was removed from the Prince's dock after having been scoured and coated with Hay's anti-fouling composition, and was placed alongside the sheer hulk in Hamoaze, where she received her five iron masts, and was otherwise prepared for the prelimi nary trial of her engines, which took place on the 12th ult. On Monday last the Agincourt was re placed in the Prince's dock, and as the water was pumped out her bottom below the line of flotation looked, as one of the artisans described it, "like a field of grass," so regular was the growth of the weed. Some was nearly 2in. long, and it extended from stem to stern and down to the keel. It is sup posed that if no composition had been applied vege tation would not have advanced to the same extent. There is no accounting for the extraordinary fact. While the ship lay in Hamoaze very heavy showers fell, and an unusual quantity of fresh water came down the harbour. The Commander Zebra, 17, C. G. Lindsay, steam sloop, 951 t recently tly r horse power,. turned uftr of o m o the m w i B e s s i t o c n o a a i s i of pl fr ed i c i a n , w t h a e s t yesterday paid out of commission and placed in the third divi sion of the Sheerness Steam Reserve. The crew of the screw steam frigate Liffey, 39, Capt. G. Parker, was paid off on Tuesday alongside the Devonport Dockyard, in the presence of Rear- Admiral T. M. C. Symonds, C. 8., the Superinten dent. Three of the men have been recommended to the consideration of the Lords of the Admiralty as being entitled to medals for long service and good conduct. The Liffey was short of her complement by 100 men, who had volunteered to join other ships of war on the North American station. When the frigate was at Sydney five of the crew deserted, but on her recent stay of five weeks at Quebec not one desertion occurred, although nearly every man had leave twice, extending, in some cases, to 10 and 14 days, and great temptations were offered, in the shape of high wages, in the merchant service. During the whole of the commission only one man was drowned. Excepting through promotion or sickness very little change has taken place among her officers. Her present Captain, Commander, and three senior lieutenants, with most of the midship men, joined her when first put in commission. The Arethusa, 35, steam frigate, 3,141 tons, 500- horse power, Capt. Reginald J. J. G. Macdonald, arrived in Sheerness harbour yesterday afternoon, after an absence of little more than six weeks. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. WORCESTER AUTUMN MEETING.—THuRsDAY. The Committee have this year added a third day to their meeting, the policy of which is questionable. In addition to encroaching on an old-established fixture like Lincoln, whose first day this is, it may be doubted whether (while probably injuring Lincoln) they have much benefited them selves. Two good days, it will be generally admitted, are better than three indifferent ones, and the spot on Pitch croft has been hitherto so good, and the meeting generally so well conducted, that it is a pity the committee have not remembered the old adage, and left well alone. Steeple chasing, however, is always attractive, and there fore though many had left for Lincoln, the Stand was much fuller than on the previous days. The Hurdle Race was an easy win for Church Militant, and the Selling Steeplechase fell to The Screw, whose owner had sold him that morning for 20 guineas. The grand Annual brought out a small field, which, in the present dearth of anything at all first-late among our cross-country horses, was to be expected, and the top weight, Ironsides, had as little as 6 to 4 against him, a small price in a steeplechase, but, bar accidents, he was bound to beat the lot opposite to him. He won easily by 10 lengths. There was a perceptible flatness about the proceedings to-day from which the committee will probably take a hint for the ensuing year. The weather and the going 'vans everything that could be desired. The Hunters' Purse of 40 sovs, for 3-yr-olds and upwards• Weight for age ; winners extra, with maiden allowances• To be ridden by gentlemen ; professionals, 71b extra. Two miles on the flat. Mr. M. Dimmock's Niddersdale, 3 yrs, 10st 71b (Mattey) 1 Mr. Jones nas. Truant, late Tom Payne, 12st (Mr. Edmonds) 2 Mr. J. Turner's King Alfred (h. b.), 4 yrs, (JO 71b (J. O Castles) 3 Mr. Wilcot's Tadmor m., 9st 131 b (car. lOst) (Mr. Edwards) 4 Mr. Philips's Highover (h. b.), 6 yrs, lOst 21b (Pool) 5 Mr. T. Allington's Glensaddle (h. b.), aged, 10st 21b (Mr. Briscoe) 6 Bacton Riot also ran. Betting—Even on Niddersdale, 4 to 1 (at first 5 to 4) agst Turner, and 6 to 1 agst the Tadmor mare. Highover started with a slight lead, which he resigned on entering the cords to King Alfred, who came on with a slight lead past the Stand, Highover following second, and Glensaddle third, close up with whom came the Tadmor mare and Truant, Bacton Riot bringing up the rear. Rounding the railway turn the Tadmor mare ran through her horses and took a decided lead, which she retained to the mile post, where she gave way, and King Alfred again assumed the command, and led to the turn for home, where Niddersdale went to the front, and, never being after ap proached, won in a canter by 30 lengths. Half a length separated the second and third. The Tadmor mare was fourth, Highover fifth, Glensaddle sixth, and Bacton Riot last. The latter did not pass the post. A Hurdle Race, a H andicap Sweepstakes of 5 sous each, with 30 added. One mile and three furlongs. The New Course, with five flights of hurdles. Mr. T. Golby's Church Militant, 6 yrs, lOst 31b (Wheeler) 1 Mr. Barnett's Guildhall, 3 yrs, 9st 71b (J. Holman) 2 Mr. Guilsfield's Betsy Copeland, 5 yrs, lOst L .(T. Ablett) 3 The following also ran t—Ephemere, Principal, An toinette, Salamander, and Love Letter. Betting—Even on Church Militant, 4 to 1 agst Guildhall , and 5 to 1 agst Love Letter. Ephemere got away with a clear lead, followed, in Indian file, by Salamander, Church Militant, Guildhall, and Betsy Copeland, the rear being brought up by Love Letter and Antoinette. They retained these positions until rounding the river bend, when Church Militant went in advance, and, with Guildhall and Betsy Copeland lying up, made the re mainder of the running, and won in a canter by a couple of lengths ; twice that distance separated the second and third, Ephemere was fourth, Antoinette fifth, Love Letter sixth, Principal seventh, and Salamander last. The Two-year-old Selling Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 50 added ; for 2-yr-olds ; colts, 9st ; fillies and geldings, 9st 101 b, with selling allowances. Half a mile. 3 subs. Mr.S. Crawford's Mousey c, .£3o,7st,car7lb 11b(Clement)w.o. A Selling Steeplechase Stakes of 3 sovs each, with 50 added, for 3-yr-olds and upwards; weight for age, with selling allowances. About two and a half miles. 3 subs. Mr. J. Turner's Tho Screw, aged,.£3o, 11st 21b(W.White) Mr. Drake's Red Wing, aged, £ 5O , list lib (Owner) 2 Signal also ran. Betting— 6 to 4 agst Signal, 7 to 4 agst The Screw, and 2 to 1 agst Red Wing. The Screw was first away, followed by Rod Wing and Signal to the Water jump, which the first two cleared nearly abreast, but shortly after Red Wing showed in advance to the fence into the enclosure, when The Screw again headed his horses, and went on with a clear lead to the "drop fence" in the Moors, when Signal fell and unhorsed his rider, and was seen no more in the race. From this point The Screw increased his lead, entered Pitchcroft some 20 lengths in advance of his remaining opponent, and won with great ease by half a length. lie was sold to Mr. Ludkin for 40 guineas. Grand Annual Steeplechase, a handicap sweepstakes of 10 sous each, h ft, wiih £lOO added; winners extra. Over about four miles of fair hunting country. 28 subs, Bof whom declared. Mr. B. Land's Ironsidos, aged, list 91b...(Mr. Edwards) 1 Mr. F. C. Morgan's Enoch, h. b., aged, lOst 51b (Knott) 2 Sir William, Miss Barbara, Electra, and Foresight also ran. Betting-6 to 4 agst Ironsides, 9to 2 agst Sir William, 6 to 1 agst Miss Barbara, 7 to 1 each agst Foresight and Enoch, and 10 to 1 agst Electra. Foresight made play, followed at wide intervals by Enoch, Miss Barbara, and Electra, and then came Ironsides and Sir William, the latter, who got badly off, being a long way in the rear. In these positions they cleared the hurdles in front of the stand, but on landing Electra became second, the pair going on ten lengths in advance of Enoch and the favourite side by side ; the others, headed by Miss Barbara, lying wide of their horses. On passing the stand Electra headed Foresight, who was followed by Ironsides, Enoch, and Miss Barbara, Sir William still remaining a long way astern, the lot running in single file to the railway turn, when Foresight again appeared in front of the favourite, and Electra going on second and third, close up with whom were Enoch and Miss Barbara. Little or no alteration was made in these positions. As they came down to the water jump, which was cleared in brilliant style by Foresight a length in advance of Ironside, came Electra, Enoch, and Miss Barbara, who were equally successful in clearing the ob struction. Sir William, who was stopped, did not, there fore, approach it. Approaching the fence into the inclosures Ironside ran up to Foresight, the pair racing for the lead along the moors, but at the third fence Foresight cleared in advance, Electra going on third, with Enochnext. Miss Barbara, having had enough of it, was pulled up, and re turned to her stable. The leaders retained their relative positions to the fence before the road, at which Foresight refused, and ran round, his example being followed by Electra, and, in consequence, whatever chance they may have possessed was destroyed. Ths mishap left the favou rite in undisputed possession of the lead, which he retained to the end, and won in a canter by half a dozen lengths. Foresight and Electra trotted in together with the crowd. A Free Handicap Steeplechase of 5 sous each, with 30 sovs added ; the second horse to receive £lO. Two miles. 33 subs, 20 of whom declared. Mr. B. Land's Serious Case, by the Cure, aged, 12st 41b (B. Land) 1 Mr. F. Butt's br m Trincomalee, (Taylor) 2 6 yrs, lOst 131 b Betting-3 to lon Serious Case. Serious case led to half-way across the inclosure when he refused, Trincomalee, who was close in his wako, following suit. The pair wore soon righted, the favourite being the first away, and then came on with a slight lead to the fence into Pitchcroft, which they cleared abreast. From this point a close race ensued, Serious Case, who appeared to have slightly the best of it, holding his advantage to the end, and winning after a slashing set-to by a head. LINCOLN AUTUMN MEETING.—THIIRSDAY. This meeting commenced somewhat unfavourably, as it clashed with the final day of the Worcester gathering, but the attendance was fully up to the average of former years. The weather was very favourable, and although the fields were not large the sport was interesting. The Autumn Handicap was the principal event of the meeting ; only six, however, of the 18 on the card went to the post, The Turner, of this number, being warmly supported at 6 to 4, but Shakspeare, who gained friends by his going in the preliminary canter, made all the running and won in a canter by five lengths. „The Carholme Stakes, for two-yr olds, induced six animals to go to the post, Tormentor, at even money, being installed favourite, and this time the backers were more fortunate, for Tormentor won easily by two lengths. Evening was beginning to set in when the last race was over, and rain shortly afterwards began to fall. The following are full details of the running : The Selling Steeplechase of 5 sovs each, with 23 added ; 12st ; selling allowances. About three miles. Four subs. Mr. Honeage's Cadet, aged, list (£ 6O ) Mr. C. Colo's Lu c k' s All , age d, list (£6O) (Wadoson) dis. Betting-3 to l on C a d e t. The non-favourite held a strong lead for t wo m il es , when he refused, and Cadet joined him ; Luck' s All, t a ki n g the wrong course, cantered in first, but was disqualified. The winner was bought 'ay Mr. Hunt, for 86 guineas. TheLinceln Autumn Handicap of 10 sovs each, h ft, 3 only if declared, with 100 added; winners extra. One mile and a half. 42 subs, 16 of whom pay 3 soya each. Mr. A. Cooper nd Shakspere, 4 yrs, 7st 51b (Loates 1 Mr. Chaplin's The Turner, 3 yrs, Est 91b (car. Est 111 b (J. Grimshaw 2 Mr. W. Meeson's Charming Woman, 6 yrs, Bst,lllb _ (Cannon) 3 Mr. G. W. Morris's Siva, 5 yrs, Bst (Whiteley) 4 Mr. R. Goodlass's Empress of India, 4 yrs, Bst _ . - .(W. Martin) 5 Mr. L. Peckitt's Zenobia, 3 yrs, 7st (Carroll) 6 Nu was struck out at 1.30 this day (Thursday). Betting-6 to 4 agst The Turner, 4to 1 agst Zenobia, 5 to 1 agst Siva, and 6to 1 agst Shakspere. The latter after, going a hundred yards, took up the running, followed by Empress of India and Siva, Zenobia bringing up the rear, till within half a mile off home, where Empress of India gave way, and Charming Woman came up to The Turner (who had taken second place), but Shakspere increasing his lead from the distance, won in a canter by five lengths ; two lengths separated second and third ; Siva a bad fourth. The Carholme Stakes of 25 sovs, added to a sweepstakes of 5 Boys each ; for two-yr-old colts, Bst 101 b; fillies, Bst 61b; penalties and idlowances. 19 subs. Mr. B. E. Dunbar's Tormentor, Bst 31b (Loates) 1 Mr. R. Osborne's Miss Haworth, Bst llb (Whiteley) 2 Mr. Copeland's The Dannebrog, Bst 101 b (Britton) 3 Mr. Partner's Nutrition, Bst 51b (J. Nightizigall 4 Mr. Haig's Wild Beauty, Bst 21b (car Bst 31 b (Marchant 5 Mr. R. Raifort's Black Tulip, Bst 51b (E. Forster) 6 Betting—Even on Tormentor, 2 to 1 agst Nutrition, 10 to 1 " bar two." After one failure they got.away. Tor mentor immediately going to the front, and never being headed, won in a canter by two lengths from Miss Haworth. The Dannebrog, who was last off, ran through his horses half-way up the straight, and finished a tad third ; Nutri tion was fourth ; Black Tulip last. The Witham Selling Stakes of 5 soya each, with 30 added, for all ages; selling and other allowances. Three-quarters of a mile. Mr. R. Osborne's Credulity, 2 yrs, Est lib (car. Est 31b) (.£4O) (R. Challoner) 1 Mr L. Peckitt's Globule's dam filly, 2 yrs, fist 111 b (.00) (T. Goodwin) 2 Mr. Simpson's Nelly Grey, 3 yrs, h b, 7st 51b (£3O) (W. Martin) 3 Mr. Chaplin's Chessman, 2 yrs, Est (car. Est bib) (X. 30) (Elphick) 4 Betting.-4 to lon Chessman, Bto 1 agst Credulity, 10 to 1 any other. The Globule's dam filly made play, fol lowed by Cll3PRietria,u Lu the half-dietenco, whoro the latter gave way, and Credulity challenged, a fine race ending in her favour by a head; two lengths separated second and third ; the favourite beaten off. The winner was not sold. The Handicap Hurdle Race of 5 soya each, 2 ft, with 40 added ; winners extra. Two miles. Nine subs. Mr. G. Walker's Patience, 6 yrs, lOst 131 b (Owner Mr. Bancroft's Elsham, 6 yrs, lOst 71b (Garnett Mr. G. Archer's Wicket, 3 yrs, 9st 81b (Gregory Mr. Welfitt's Climax, aged, lOst llb (F. Lotan Betting.-5 to 4 agst Patience, sto 2 agst Wicket, and 4to 1 agst Elsham. The latter made play, followed by the favourite to the last flight of hurdles, where Patience chal lenged and won by a length ; Wicket a bad third. BROOK-HILL (EAST BARNET) STEEPLECHASES. TRIJRSDAY. The Brook-hill Steeplechase Plate (handicap) of 40 sous; winners extra. About two miles and a half. Mr. B. Land's Strike, 6 yrs, list 21b (Stokes) 1 The following also ran : Bravo, Tiptop, White Stock ings, Idiot, Who Dare say 800, and Cassock. Betting.-2 to 1 agst Strike, 4to 1 each agst Idiot and Who Dare Say 800, sto 1 agst Bravo. The winner was the only one who passed the post. A Maiden Steeple-Chase of 3 sovs each, with 20 added; weight for age; winners extra. About two miles and a half. Mr. Charles's Ben Nevi; 4 yrs, 11st (Owner) 1 Mr. Land's Stiletto, 4 yrs, 11st (States) 2 Mr. Caleraft's Brown Bess, 4 yrs, 11st (Mr. Grant) 3 Mr. J. G. Shaw's Ribston Pippin (Owner) 0 Betting-6 to 4on Stiletto, 4to 1 agst Bon Nevis. Won by a length ; four lengths between second and third. The Hunt Cup, value 25 sovs, added to a Sweepstakes of 3 sovs each ; 12st each, with penalties and selling allow- antes. About three miles. Five subs. Sir W. 0. Malley's Diana, 5 yrs, llst (X3O) (Mr. P. Barker) 1 Mr. F. G. Gosling's Sailor, aged, 12st (car. 12st 31b) (.£5O) (Owner) 2 Mr. Hamlin's Idiot, aged, list 71b (£3O) ...... ..(Mr. Grant 3 Mr. Hamlin's Mallet, 6 yrs, 12st 31b (Captain Shaw) 0 Betting-5 to 4 agst Diana, 6to 4 agst Idiot. Won by three-quarters of a length, a head separating second and third. The winner was bought by Mr. Wright fo: 55 guineas. The Scurry Handicap and a Selling Steeplechase did not fill. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMM—Mr. Gladstone has had to encounter one of the greatest difficulties of high public life. It is not that he has had to tell a thrice-told tale, and tell it thrice over in a day ; not that he has had to persuade a multitude that it is happy and well go verned, or that its happiness lies in its own keeping. These were only some of the lesser difficulties of the occasion. Greater than all was the necessity of being cheerful, hopeful, and even gay, when each spontaneous thought within must draw the other way. Between the outer scene and the inner man there was a gulf to be bridged over. It is needless to say that Mr. Gladstone did all that man could do. He went over old, old ground, yet the roses grew under his feet. He evoked once more the spirit of Free Trade, and she became an angel of peace and love. The merchant ships that passed to and fro were shuttles that wove the web of a uni versal amity, and the very bales of merchandise were labelled with a heavenly message. Taxes, the evil legacies of old wars, had fallen off all necessary food and clothing, almost off all the materials with which we house ourselves, and three parts, or more, off the comforts of life, leaving the luxuries still charged with the interest of the national debt. Stopping in his review, he reminded his hearers that no financier had ever :seen able to tax the wall of a Scotch house, so it had gained little by the abolition of the brick duty ; and at another point he playfully told his working hearers that they had to thank Reform for every vote they possessed. Severe upon stimulants in general, he knew no harm in tobacco, yet meant to tax it, and only hoped that his great grandchildren might outlive this and a few other duties. Yes, the day will come when a Gladstone, holding in his hand that massive gold box, with its enclosed parchment, will tell the tale of a hundred years ago to an assemblage smoking and drinking with virtuous, not simply constrained moderation. As each new topic presented itself, Mr. Gladstone, with unfailing instinct, pushed in the direction of the light, and said all that could be said. He reviewed wars of robbery, of religion, of succession, of terri tory, had something in his mind's eye at the men tion of the last, and thought all more or less hypo critical, unjust, selfish, and unwise. He could not acquit our own wars for colonies, and their trade. We should, however, have none of that sort again. As to education, we were all for that ; we were making way, and it was only a question of time. Then for reform, it could not be shirked, for it was on the banners before him and in the address in his hand. It depended, he said, on the people. They would work their own reform by a general elevation of mind, manners, and morals. Thus elevated, no one could or would deny them the franchise they would manifestly deserve. He only wished to see that day, and he bade them hasten it. We have hardly done justice to the encouraging and even flattering tone of the three addresses. There is a word for all around, and one seems to feel a sen sible rise in the level of the human race, carrying us up to some higher perfection. There was nothing else to be done. It is the performance announced. The great artist had been engaged, we know not how long before, and whatever had befallen him, so as he had a head on his shoulders and a tongue in it, he must be at his post and act his part. But meanwhile his chief had descended to the grave, and it was almost straight from the brink of that grave that Mr. Gladstone had to hurry down .to amuse and enchant, to cheer and to elevate, his deep-think ing fellow Scotchmen at Glasgow. Then with that recent scene came unbidden all its sad associations. Taxes, wars, schools, polling-booths, e fen ships and merchandise, all fade away, and there passes be tween the speaker and the spoken-to a long and melancholy train. A widowed Sovereign seems to sit aside, and to share with the present throng the accumulated sorrows arising from a long and rapid succession of national losses. The august form of the blameless Prince is followed by no less than seventeen statesmen of high mark and great promise, wise and experienced councillors, public servants, all pillars of the social State and guardians of the Crown. Some Mr. Gladstone names, and each name suggests its tale of achievement, its golden promise, and its future that was not to be. It is a complete administration, he observes, that in five years has descended to the tomb. A Sovereign may feel secure, happy, and proud girt by such a band of men ; but they are not. 'With them have gone a thousand speculations. This man, that, and that, we could hardly say how many, would one day have been Premier. All is over now in that expectant circle except a loved and honoured me mory. But we turn to the survivors. There remains the Cabinet itself, with one name only missing, and Mr. Gladstone bids the people of Glasgow, great and small, take courage, hope for the best, and, in deed, entertain long hopes and strong hopes, under Earl Russell and his colleagues. Such an expression of confidence became the occasion, and it was also necessary. Standing amid wrecked hopes and recent graves, Mr. Gladstone had to confess that, strange as it was, he never felt so solitary, never so unable to look elsewhere for that which was to recruit his own flagging cheer. In all that crowd he stood alone, and felt alone. We need not look for any other account of this melancholy feeling except what he gives himself ; and we must wonder at the vivid energy and the strength of will which bore him, and enabled him to do his work s o well, when hardly a name or a subject could come to his lips without sending a new pang to the breast. Yet this is what the public man must lay his account for. He fights in a battle where he must not stop for the wounded or the dead. Sun and rain, storm and sunshine, make no difference to him. The world will call it apathy and think the politician heart less. Little do they know that they who most feel grief are not they who abandon themselves to its luxury. But what about the future ? Is it possible to draw any augury as to the lengths Mr. Gladstone is prepared to go in this or that direction? He tells his philosophic hearers, in the quaint words of an old English writer, that our liberties come from na ture and God, not from the Crown, or, we presume, from Legislatures. Nobody can doubt that. If a man is not free by nature and grace, nobody can make him so, for he will always be somebody's slave, or just the slave of his own vices. In the most perfect Constitution, and certainly in the most popular, there will always be a majority of men looking about for somebody to attach themselves to, to sell themselves to, if need be, to swear by, to be their lord and master. If it is not a peer, or a great landowner, or some notable of that sort, it will be the head of a party, from whom not only guidance but more sub stantial advantages are to be expected. It is the self imposed slavery of the masses and their spontaneous corruption that constitute the real impediment in the way of Parliamentary Reform. When the Reformer delivered platitudes by the hour in favour of abstract rights, he knows well that the actual men before him, in concrete reality, are not capable of using Consti tutional power in a respectable manner. Could we suppose a better class of men arising —human nature so improved, the standard so raised, and great ex amples so appreciated—then we feel sure that it would be absolutely impossible for one half of the country to deny rights to the other half. That is all the augury we can extract from the columns before us, and, if we must speak the honest truth, we did not want so great a man to give it. Neither, again, did we want a Gladstone to tell us that masters and men should be at liberty to combine respectively, in order to make the best bargains they could with one another, so as they did it fairly and peaceably. So long as people will let others be free as well as them selves, and will not mistake for liberty the right of doing what they like at others' cost and risk, we grudge them no freedom, no right that can be named. But this is what we are waiting for, as also is Mr. Gladstone. According to him, a happy time is coming. The coming man, the great eman cipator, is to be the working man himself, who is to become worthy of liberty and franchise by allow ing liberty and Constitutional privileges to others. POST.—Mr. Gladstone is the first Cabinet Mini ster whose lot it has been to address a public audi ence since the death of the late Premier and the consequent reconstruction of the Ministry, and for that, as well as for other reasons, the speeches which he has delivered in Glasgow have doubtless been read with considerable attention. Mr. Gladstone, whilst retaining the office of Chancellor of the Ex chequer, has become leader of the House of Com mons, and as the chief spokesman of the Govern ment in that chamber, his utterances have become invested with an importance which they never before possessed. What will be the domestic policy of the new Ministry no one can tell, but every one is anxious to learn, and it was perhaps anticipated that Mr. Gladstone would have availed himself of the opportunity just afforded to him at Glasgow of foreshadowing at least the course which the Go vernment might have resolved to adopt. Those, however, who entertained such anticipations have been doomed to disappointment ; for, whether from the fact of the Government being still undecided as to the course which they intend to pursue, or from a feeling that the present time is inopportune for disclosing it, their representative has preserved the most absolute silence in respect to the future. Nor is this all (negative though it be) that is to be learned from Mr. Gladstone's speech at Glasgow. It has been'supposed, and:it must be admitted, that there have been abundant grounds for the supposi tion, that the Chancellor of the Exchequer was by far too impetuous and too eloquent a speaker to be capable of resisting the temptation of treating par ticular topics rather with the object of dazzling or startling hii,,hearers than with a view to practical re sults. A speech which, some 18 months ago, he made in the House of Commons on the subject of reform, especially led persons to form conjectures of the future bent of his political career, and now that he has attained his present position, men are anxious to discover whether those conjectures willbe realised. But, although Mr. Gladstone delivered two very long, very eloquent, and very discursive speeches, he avoided, with an astuteness which the most cautious and phlegmatic of Ministers could not have sur passed, all direct allusion to that particular subject on which the public are most desirous of learning his views and those of the Government which he represented. The past and the present he reviewed with his customary ability, but the future was a sealed book which he did not venture to open. If we might borrow an Irish expression, he spoke a great deal, but he said nothing ; and as it must be admitted that a Government is fully justified in concealing its counsel until it is matured, Mr. Glad stone may be regarded as having furnished a proof that in the responsible position which he now occu pies he can exercise that judgment and reticence which a pivernment has a right to expect from its leading members. For a Minister who chooses to indulge in a retrospect of the history of the country during the past thirty or forty years there are ample materials for an effective address ; and if Mr. Gladstone was not prepared to tell the people of Glasgow what the Government intended to do for them, he found no difficulty in painting a glowing picture by referring to what had been already done. The ants of legislation during this period have, as he justly remarked, embraced almost every subject which can be of interest to a free and civilised com munity. " The popular franchise has been wisely and temperately, yet boldly enlarged." Persons will, however, ask whether, after the lapse of thirty years, the time has not come for another wise and temperate enlargement ; and those who recollect the animated language in which, on a memorable occasion, Mr. Gladstone called " on the adversary to show cause " why every man should not indirectly have a voice in the creation of the laws to which he was called upon to render obedience, will be curious to know the meaning which he attaches to the terms " wise" and " tempe rate." Within the same period the 'education of the people has been largely extended, whilst the oppo site evils of indifference and intolerance have been successfully avoided. Religious disabilities have been swept away, protection has given way to free trade, and questions of social policy have been dis cussed and determined with a view to the promotion of intercourse not only between the various mem bers of our own community, but amongst the various nations of the world. And the fact that whatever may have been the actuating motives, the results of modern legislation have been to knit together by ties of common interest the various members of the great family of nations, suggested to Mr. Gladstone the idea that political parties are no longer moved by the same selfish considera tions as in times gone by. To party combinations he rightly refers those matured convictions of expe rience which find their expression in the form of laws and institutions, and he gives utterance to a sentiment which no one will controvert when he says that the true end of party combination is the welfare and prosperity of the State. But in expressing the opinion that a Govern ment labours to-day not only for the good of a particular country, but for that of the whole world, many will perhaps think he has been misled by the fallacy of supposing that, because the results flowing from a State policy have, from the altered conditions of social life, become more extensive than formerly, the motives dictating such policy have become equally comprehensive. It is perhaps right to say that we no longer consider the welfare of our own country as something not only distinct from, but opposed to, that of other States • but we continue to legislate, and must a l w ays continue to legislate, with a view to the advancement of our own prosperity ; and if other nations, owing to such legislation. share in that prosperity, so much the better. Some remarks made by Mr. Gladstone on wars, and the causes which produce them, will be read with interest. Wars are not like pestilences, the visitations of Providence, and there seems no reason why they should not be avoided. Until very lately nations had begun to regard them as evils which were by no means necessary, and the long period of profound peace which followed the final deposition of the First Napoleon testified to the sincere desire which the States of Europe manifested to avoid taking any differences they may have had out of the hands of diplomatists. But times are changed, and it would seem that some among us at least are relapsing into that primeval state when, as Mr. Gladstone happily expressed it, the simplest mode of bettering one's condition was to abstract another's property. In any society in which might means right trials of strength must be of constant occurrence, and if the same principles are accepted in the family of nations wars must be incessant. Now, it certainly is disheartening that, notwithstanding all the efforts made of late years to unite more closely the different nations of the earth, some amongst them should have learned to adopt views which could not be countenanced in any political society. But so it is. Two of the most powerful of European States have not only formally recognised, but carried into actual prac tice, the antiquated theory that the desire of appro priating the territory of another people, coupled with the ability to do so, fully justifies the act. The spoliation of Denmark in 1864 furnishes a . curious pendant to the glowing picture drawn by •• London : Printed and Published by WILLIAIA A ND/1 . of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THZ SUN 0 11 C e p ' 0:00 Strand, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy. in the w Mitidiesex..—Friday, November 3, 1865. Mr. Gladstone of social progress during the past quarter of a century. " THE ANGLO - AMERICAN TIMES " ON MB' WENDELL PHILLIPS AND RECONSTRUCTION. -- There must be leaders. And there must be pioneers who lead the leaders—who go forward far in advance of the rank and file, groping their waY• through storm and darkness, floundering in Vag mires, sinking in quicksands, struggling aracn.g treacherous rocks and yawning gulfs, treading tiro devious way through appalling dangers and trials to the clear path beyond. And these pioneers are they who face all for a cause—uncertain of the path, but certain only of the bourne, theypush on, regard less of every obstruction, mindful only of the Beyond where the road is clear and the sun shi▪ nes' They walk as through a tropical swamp ; their fect7 prints fill at once behind them with black stagnant water ; what appears most solid to the foot is often the most treacherous place of all ; there are trunks_ of fallen trees, and deadly fungi, and black bog quaking at every step ; there are deadly reptiles hidden in the jungle which start out upon the m ' flickering tongues of flame and breathing pol▪ sT i li and often stinging them to the death. But st they trip and stumble forward, bridging over the,, dangerous places, or pointing them out so Oa ' those who follow may avoid them. And by and 131 the great army comes up on the path trodden 139 these adventurous pioneers, to find the treacherous spots all indicated and mapped out, the waylay ing briars and entangling ropes removed, the gret stones of obstruction broken into fragments. is thus that all reforms have been commenc e . There have ever been a few intrepid, impatient spirits who could not brook the slow pace of th e ir fellows, but who have pushed forward till they wer i e j almost out of sight. It was thus that the Ch urch groped its way out from darkness into light, led by men who walked so far in advance that their voices at first could scarcely be heard. The great men of the Reformation; Luther, Melancthon, B ei !' Calvin, Knox, were all far in advance of their, day and generation, and many a hard blow an buffet they received ere they had educated ; world up to their own advanced standard. Se.:a come down to our own century and terarT affairs, we find that this nation has progre ssed slowly and moderately towards Reform, led 1 1 moderate men, but pioneered by a few zealot earnest reformers, who were content to suffer Poi' tical martyrdom for the sake of the cause so dear tc t them. England is not yet quite prepared to ac ee lL John Bright and his creed, but John Bright the prophet of England's political future, allr! Pf toward his standard of political freedom is -r- c b; land slowly but surely and steadily advallei l t: We have been led into this train of thought by position which certain prominent public men ill the United States have lately assumed with reference to the reconstruction . policy of President Johnstii The . President finds himself opposed by the advanc e wing of the Republican party ; and the goof leaders of that party be g i n t o s ti gma ti se his acts, leniency towards those lately i n arms against nati▪ onal authority, as acts of one who symPathises with the rebels. It is not forgotten by these W l eil that President Johnson is himself a Southern er that up to the very outbreak of the rebellion 11„,e r acted with the South ; that he has been in ti nl past on terms of personal as well as political in macy with many of the leaders of the late Code°, racy ; and these facts, they declare, taken in co n , nection with his recent proceedings, make it aPrt rent that he is likely to desert the party whi„,9„ elected him, and go back to his first love. 0 "d Wendell Phillips, the oracle of the advan ce d Republican party who, with William 1,100 Garrison and a few other earnest and able rae, indirectly precipitated the rebellion and acrlc ul s phshed the final overthrow of slavery—is out in speech in which he declares that President Johns% has made himself three-quarters rebel in order tha a the South might become one-quarter Union, 313 , g denounces the endorsement of the Preside% poli▪ cy by the Republican Convention. v.' cannot agree with Mr. Phillips in his denuncl3; tions of the course of the President, but vie, a t r o nevertheless bound to respect his opinions, an d i 5 pay serious attention to his complaints ; for be, r the spokesman of that party which has don e .° l , America what the great leaders of the Reforraat i : p did for Christianity. Twenty-five years ag o 'i n party of freedom in America was contemptible to numbers, but as uncompromising in its enmity r .. slavery as it is now. It was led then by Mr. l e a rison and Mr. Phillips, and these men bad t for an unpopular cause with a zeal which could nvt. be shaken by opposition nor dismayed by fie f a In those days Mr. Wendell Phillips was rega rd as a . fire-brand and an agitator. He spoke then a a q plainly as now, but his opinions were ridiculed, 3 . /I , i , inor than once was he subjected to personal dignity by those who could not see what he Of mg namely, that there must in the very nature of thin be warfare between the two principles of Freed o T and Slavery, till one or the other finally conquer ed ' But public opinion advanced in America, led 1 1 Mr. Phillips and his coadjutors, till at last, af te e r a war of unprecedented magnitude and a saerificse of four hundred thousand lives, we see his call a triumphant, and know that the starry flag . re . free America waves not over a single ela' For the opinions of the party which has ace cil i l g , plished so much—for the opinions of the ma n /1 4 , 4 , has accomplished so much—we cannot fail tc.,??7,,.. tam respect. There is a show of justice P . . 13 -a dignant remonstrance against the restoration et political rights to men whose hands are not B ut washed clean from the guilt of the rebellion., d, we believe that Mr. Phillips is yet too far in ;tie va nce of the beaten road of progress to escaPed;at pitfalls and quagmires that lie in his way, and. his it is unsafe and unwise to follow too rapidly 111 _ w , footsteps. The Federal Government is not ai.cji gether guiltless of complicity in the sin of Ito the South stands convicted. The rebellion ' o f born of slavery. Slavery is dead. The c ause Ili , rebellion is for ever removed. Those who to ok 4, arms in defence of slavery have seen the instituti.,ua destroyed, and, submitting to the inevitable ael'i expressing their cheerful acquiescence in the, fl oe order of things, they knock at the door 01 Union for readmission. It would be imposs l ," because unconstitutional,•to impose upon theta .°',Z. conditions beyond obedience to law and emanc i rlo tion. This much the war has achieved. But war has not destroyed the constitution under v0",. 0 , the Republic has grown to its present collossal P 0 portions, and so long as the constitution exo t ticl the supreme law of the land, the President co not, if he would, impose negro suffrage upon To of the States. Mr. Phillips may be right when le , claims the suffrage for the negro, but the Pec i ,g o r and not the President, must decide the point. ro the present, the people have decided against tl, e g o r suffrage.. Twenty-five years hence, perhaps, L i ar, will reach the advanced point occupied by r Phillips . to-day ; but by that time Mr. Ph lk i :6 if he live so long, will have advanced in the ' of ratio, and will still be found a quarter of a ce nt ahead of the public opinion of his time. BREAKFAST BEVERAGE.—Homceopathic practitioner s ' the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa as b e of the most healthful of alt beverages. When the dootrinepto homoeopathy was first introduce.' into this •country , t h ; o r were to be obtained no preparations of cocoa either sit t ig r tive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach ; the nu t ;0. either supplied In the crude state, or so unskilfully m a do ff, featured as to obtain little notice. J. Epps, of 1.° 11 :00 homoeopathic chemist, was induced in the year 1839 to ito his attention to this subje t, and at length succeede d ' `to the assistance of elaborate machinery, in being the fir e d ri produce an article pure in its composition, and so ren ue o o the pert et trituration it receives in the process it P" - s o through, as to be most acceptable the delicate Frl ll i gr For general use Epps' cocoa is distinguished as an 1t., 1 i os rating, grateful breakfast beverage, with a delicious fir' ib f Dr. Hassell in his work, "Food and its AdulteraVile says—" Cocoa contains a great variety of important DU"' to principles ; every ingredient necessary to the grovitll,oos sus t e nance of the body." Again, "As a nutritive , "' tr ey stands very much higher than either coffee or tea." ~.001/,' tions :—Two teaspoonfuls of the powder in a breakf 4B ;ineo filled up with boiling water or milk. Secured in tin"— 9o f i-113 , and 1:b. labell e d p ac k e t s , an d sold at le. AA • lb. by grocers, confectioners, and chemists. T(INA cc NN en It i, f l u 6 01 d in ate . aeent 8, GE k ° bgerve Klnahai T I IE E lie of Leiner The a llot;ed be allot Th e Subs 'IT hares ' l l ' Paid. le G en The vivi d T he Riot JA3TRi• aplESing.), N ,mes ch kers ey Alexandc z(Adoiarl(l F ph e 1 Iv lharn r),3l haard erth .'ie ( liarl es nearY I ." J os ( Ph 1m „ r 0 , " junee v Albert GI Th e Ar . T he ?ea Irelar Th e Meagre. N Bran( them Itesars. morn Resa r Nteser:‘ Messrs: t 7 10 On tl the gen ti 6 BLAIN.—On tho 31st ult., Births atLawrio-park, South, 1 4 °' Mrs. John Blain, of a son. r ot" BucxruA.N U .—On the 31 t alt. a t Bradford Abbas, P °- shire, the wife of James Buckman, Esq., of a sou. jo jor GODBY.—On tho Ist inst• , at Dover, the wife of Godby, HALL.—On the3lst ult., at Sunderland, the wife °n mander Basil Hall, R.N., of H.M.S. Active, of a 0 * Marriages. GLYNN—CRAWFORD.—On the 2d inst. at at St. Peter'S,,boei lico, William Anthony, elder son 'of William . 111 '" Glynn, Esq., of Fairy Hill, Isle of Wight, and Pc)iiotk Cornwall, to Margaret Anderson, only daughter 01 • Wigram Crawford, Esq., M.P. // I ost MlLLs—Dovu. On the 31st ult , at St. George's, - - 1 , -19 bury, W. B. Mills, Esq., of Stockton-on-Tees, - A * o °4 second daughter of Mr. John Dove, of Bomar'''. Russell-square. Deaths. < Abe BAILEY.—On tho Ist inst., at Llanfoist House , - venny, Ann, the wife of Crawshay Bailey, E s4 " v idg ° BENNETT.—On the Ist inst., at Mount Ephraim, 'l ull wells, Mrs. Bennett, aged 90. CAMPION.—On the 31st ult., at Ramsgate, John C 4 P -- Esq., of 24, Woburn-square, London, aged 7 2 . o too e ' FALKNER.—On the 29th ult., at Appleby, near .Athe Frederic Falkner Esq., aged 80. na PHILPOTT.—On the , Ist inst., at Canterbury, 111 0 - aS potty Esq., Alderman, aged 35. t ° S WELDON.—On the 31st ult., at Buxton, Charles, eid- es par -1 of Mr. Chas. W e ld on , o f Oh oa p s id e , an d Gra"' Lewisham. 1 10 2 10 2 10 2 to 1 10 2 10 ?ao a lit t :i Tirol 17 a