The Sun. — London, England, 1848-02-28 00:00:00

Vb trb 7tßittion SUN OFFICE, .Seven o' Clock. LATEST FROM FRANCE. The Republic has been proclaimed at Dijon, Bor deaux, Tours, and Rouen. All the judicial bodies have given in their adhesion to the Provisional Go vernment. M. CARROT, Minister of Public Instruction, ad dressed the following circular to the Rectors of the University : "The pupils of the establishments of the Univer sity must feel a wish to join in the signal manifesta tion of joy and hope with which all France greets at this moment the proclamation of the Republic. By the very nature of their studies they are all fully prepared to appreciate the grandeur of the revolution made by the country in hoisting again the republican banner. You will grant two days holiday to the pupils of all the colleges and the normal and primary schools on receipt of this letter." The people proceeded, on Friday, to St. Cyr, to bring in the pupils of the military school, and apprize them of the downfal of royalty, and the proclamation of the Republic, which had been concealed from them. The young men of the school, to the number of 600, repaired forthwith to the Hotel de Ville, and seat in, by a deputation, their adhesion to the Pro. visional Government of the Republic, with an offer of their services. The Prefect of the Lower Seine had announced that the Government of the Republic was proclaimed in his department and received with the liveliest enthusiasm. The Palace at St. Cloud has been burnt, as well as the Chateau of Neuilly and the bridge of Asnieres. AJ,I the royal arms and other emblems of royalty have been defaced. The first act of the Minister of the Interior, in taking possession of his department, was to order, by means of the telegraph, the immediate liberation of all political prisoners, and to ensure them the means of joining their families. Admiral BAUDIN has accepted the command of the fleet, The Siecle gives the following account of the escape of the Duke DE NEMOURS.—When the Duchess of ORLEANS and her children left the Chamber, the Duke DE NEMOURS followed them. He was remind ed of the danger in which he was placed by being dressed in:uniform. He was assisted in divesting him self of it, and a person who stood near him, gave him a great coat. The Duke put it on, and we heard him making inquiries after the children of the Duchees. He was told that the children were in safety, and was entreated to retire as soon as possible. A window was opened for him, and he jumped into the gardens of the Chambers. Several political refugees from the tyranny of LOUIS PHILIPPE, have left England and returned to France. Several of the French residing in London have signed the following address to their country men in Paris : " Frenchmen—At news of the immense events at Paris, your brothers residing in London have asso ciated themselves spontaneously with the accom plished revolution. " Many phrases would be necessary to express all their sentiments, but they can only testify their admiration of the courageous conduct you have displayed at Paris, and their regret at having been unable to participate in it in a manner worthy of the cause." (Here follow the signatures.) It was stated at Portsmouth that France had de- dared war with Austria, and dispatched 80,000 men to the frontiers. Louis PniurrE is supposed to have embarked either at Treport, Dieppe, or Dunkirk. Her MA PUTT'S steamer Stromboli, Commander Lord A. BEAUCLERK, has received orders to have her steam up, and to be ready to start, it is supposed, to meet the ex-King so soon as his whereabout shall be known. Prince ALBERT remained at Portsmouth when the last accounts left. The funds are a little more calm to•day. The li quidation of the Three per Cents. has been fixed at 73f. 35c. The Madrid journals of the 19th inst. bring no news. The Three per Cents. were done at 291, at 50 days ; the Four per Cents., at 16} for cash ; the Five per Cents., at 18, at 50 days ; the Debt without In terest, at 6, for the 29th inst. ; and the Coupons at 12, for cash. TERMINATION OF THE KAFIR WAR. By the Ocean Queen we have received papers from the Cape of Good Hope to the 30th of December inclusive. They entirely confirm the anticipation of Sir H. Smith that the Kafir war was at last at an td. ens. It appears that Pato and several other chiefs have surrendered themselves unconditionally to Colonel Somerset; that Sir H. Smith had held a conference with the Gaika chiefs, and that all further hostilities were suspended. This welcome news is given in a Government Gazettee Extraordinary, published at Graham's Town on Christmas-day, which also contains a number of proclamations for thh future regulation of the terri tories which are now to be ceded to the Crown. The first will be called Victoria, and consist of a number of Military villages, extending between the Fish and Keiskama Rivers ; whilst the latter, under the name of British Kifi r i a , w ill ex t en d from the latter river to the Kei, and be held by the Kafir chiefs and their people under such regulations as her Najesty's High Commissioner, or other representa tive, who shall be the great chief of the whole of the said territories, shall deem be calculated to pro• mote their civilisation, conversion to Christiadity, and general enlightenment. It would seem, from the retails given in the Zuid Afrikaan, that Colonel Somerset, after most laborious pursuit through the long range of country on the right side of the Kei, had reduced the Kafirs to such extre • Deities that Pato sent a measage, earnestly begging a cessation of hostilities. Colonel Somerset refused any temsexceptunconditional surrender. To this Pato as sented, and with twelve followers came in and made his submission. So sharp had been the pursuit that he had frequently, although hard pressed for food, not had time to slaughter one of the cattle they were driving with them, and some of his followers had been compelled by hunger to eat their leathern shields. Sir H. Smith entered King William's Town on the 23d of December. The garrison, consisting of the Rifle Brigade and the 7th Dragoon Guards, had been drawn up to receive him, and an immense assemblage of Kafirs, were also present. After congratulating the troops upon the fortu nate result of this tedious war, and thanking Colonel Somerset for his great and successful exertions, the Kafirs, in number about 2,000, but all unarmed, were formed into a circle, the chiefs being arranged ac cording to their ranks in their respective tribes. They all looked wofully haggard them and t N (l .o eje l c a t r ed e . Before Sir H. Smile edires se s t a ves were brought f orward, one having at the top a large brass knob, the other being a serjeant's halbeart, these staves representing Peace and War. The Governor. General then :too his stotion between them, an d a f t e r severely upbraiding th e Kafirs for their faithlessness and their aggressions, called upon the chiefs to make . their election by touching one of the two staves. Sulu, the widow of Gaika, was the first who was called forward, an d she laid her hand upon the staff of peace_ that with the brass knob—all the rest of the chiefs following her example. Upon Pato and Stock coming forward they were severe l y rated b y the Go . vernor General for their ingratiture and treachery. His Excellency then read the proclamation, defining the limits of British Catfraria, explaining it to the chiefs as he went on, and especially the phrase 4 ' conquered territory; and, having finished and again addressed them, require:l Welt each should again place his hand on the staff of peace, and kiss his foot, as he sat on horseback, in token of absolute submission. This ceremony excited intense interest among the Kafirs. his Excellency, as before, remind ing each chief, as he made this abject reverence, of the degredation and misery which his rebellion had brought upon him. When it was concluded and the chiefs had resumed their places, Sir H. Smith t oo k a sheet o f paper, and holding it up in sight of the assembled throng., tore wind t nd into shreds, and while scattering these to the med, with g s r t e a a ft t . ' energy, " There go Yo t u h r rn treaties exlai of war l" which had ughout the ceremony rwespi, held in a vertical position wasfthen taken by Sir few seconds hori grlat force to the - Efariy, add being poised for • sentally, was hurled by him with a ground. " There," exclaimed le i 7 s Excellency, «I, sir %la of war l.—now us have th ree cheers in I : ; .tokens of future peace." S i r Harry, takin the lita.i.zytive, and waving his bat, the ai r was ren t with AI ft S f ~ "y. THE SUN, LONDON, the loud acclamations of the assembled multitude, soldiers, Kafirs, and spectators all uniting, appa rently with heartfelt satisfaction, in long-reiterated cheers at the happy termination of a contest of which all parties seemed to be heartily tired. His Excellency, surrounded by his staff, imme: diately rode from the ground, sending a message to the chiefs, that two oxen would be presented to them for slaughter as provisions for their assem bled followers. For some time after this the Kafirs were scat tered in groups over the flat, discussing what they had just heard and seen, while many congratulations were heard expressive of satisfaction at the return of peace. His Excellency saw the chiefs again in the after noon, but the audience was not a public one, though it is understood that the purport of the conference was in substance a mere repetition of what had been enjoined upon them in the forenoon. .The ceremony was witnessed by a Kafir of Kreli's tribe, who was immediately sent forward, charged with a message from his Excellency to that chief. He was to have been the bearer of the " Staff of War" as well as that of Peace, but at the intercession of the ;assembled chiefs the former was not sent. Confident hopes are now entertained of the entire and immediate pacification of Kafirland. Notice is given by his Excellency of another "Great Meeting" on the 7th January, at which is to be determined the respective boundaries of their future locations, and the details of their future go vernment. CITY OF LONDON.—(THIS DAY.) ANTI-INCOME-TAX MOVEMENT. A Common Hall was this day held at the Guildhall at twelve for one o'clock, for the purpose of petition ing Parliament against the income-tax. The chair was taken at one o'clock by the Lord Mayor. Upon the platform we observed Mr. Pattison, M.P., Mr. Joseph Ilume, M.P., Mr. Wyld, M P., Alder man Sidney, M.P., Alderman Johnson D. W. Wire, Esq., Mr. Holt, Mr. Bennoch, Mr. Richard Taylor, Mr. L. Taylor, and numerous other members of the Common Council. Notwithstanding the short notice which had been L iven of the meeting, the hall was crowded in every part by highly respectable citizens. The LORD MAYOR came forward and said that he had called the meeting, pursuant to a resolution, very numerously signed, for the purpose of consider ing the propriety of petitioning Parliament against any increase or continuance of the income-tax.— (Hear.) He had no doubt that the discussion would be conducted in that temperate, and, at the same time, firm manner which was most likely, and indeed altogether the best manner to give effect to their determination. He should always be most happy to give the citizens an opportunity of expressing their opinions on all great public questions.--(Hear.) D. W. 'Mee, Esq., said that in consequence of the great haste required in convening the meeting in order to petition Parliament this evening a great number of influential persons had been unable to attend. He had great pleasure in moving the first resolution, which was— " That while this Common Hall is most desirous to maintain public credit, and to support in all its cfliciency the public service, it is yet of opinion, that the imposi tion and continuance of the income-tax is unjust, unne cessary, uncalled for, and impolitic, inasmuch as it was essentially a war tax, and was on its re-imposition, after many years of profound peace, submitted ,to by the people upon an express understanding that, being de signed to meet a particular urgency, it was to endure but for a period, and also because it was accompanied at the time by a considerable reduction in other branches of taxation." He quite agreed with the principle embodied in that resolution ; it would have been much better if at the commencement of the session the Prime Minister had come down and stated to the House that in conse sluence of the severe distress which had existed he had desired the House to appoint a Committee to consider how the expenditure of the country might be reduced, in order to make the reduced revenue sufficient.—(Hear, hear.) That would have been a much more honest and manly course to have adopted than the proposed bungling and unstatesmanlike manner. (Hear, hear.) Then Ireland was to be exempted from this odious tax, on the ground that they had suffered great dis tress. This might have been an argument in his favour, if he had not put his hands in the pockets of the British people, and taken from them some 8,000,0001. for the relief of that distress.—(Hear.) They did not grudge that amount of money. But was it right now to make this exemption in favour of Ireland, after so much had been done for them ? If the people of England submitted on a former occa sion to the imposition of the tax, was it to be sup posed that they wo u ld a l wa y s submit to the imposi tion of taxes at the mere caprice of the Minister ? If the country want on at this rate, adding to, instead of reducing the national debt of tlie country, what would be the enormous amount of revenue required to keep faith with the public creditor? The income. tax was a most unjust one—it operated most unfairly, inasmuch as the poor labouring man, who obtained his income by the sweat of his brow, paid as much as the possessor of real property.—(Hear, hear.) The imposition of the tax was uncalled for and unnecessary, because a reduced expenditure of the countLy would answer all the purposes required. —(Hear, hear.) It was not necessary tc keep up a large standing army, or to provide for the defences of the country, for with respect to England there was profound peace abroad and profound tran quillity at home.— (Loud cries of " No, no.") He maintained that it was so; if there were any dis sensions in other countries abroad, it was entirely among themselves; and so far from entertaining any wish to invade this country, they were far more anxious to obtain its alliance and to imitate their in stitutions.—(licar, hear.) If the Court were uani mous, their voice would prove of great weight, and they would be enabled to compel the Minister to withdraw his proposal.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. L. TAYLOR seconded the motion. He be lieved that the doom of the present Ministry was sealed, and the Noble Lord at the head of the Government had, he believed, lost the confidence of the electors of the city of London.—(Loud cheers, mingled with marks of disapprobation.) He maintained that it was so, and that should Noble Lord again conic forward to a , k their suffrages, he would meet with a very different reception from that which he had formerly obtained.—(Renewed cheers.) Mr. J. Hume, M.P., came forward, and was re ceived- with the most tremendous applause. Silence being some" hat restored, he said, that he perfectly agrced with the resolution. His opinion, however, was that the resolution ought not to be directed against the income-tax only, but against all taxes which pl.( ssed upon the industry of the country.— (I fear, hear.) When the tax was originally imposed, 8,000,0001. of taxes) were taken off many of those articles which! entered into the consumption of the lower and working classes. They were now in a very different position ; the reduction of the duties had made a reduction of only 3,000,0001. to the re venue. They were now called upon, not only not to take off this income-tax, but to add to it a sum of 2,000,000/, more for the period of two years. (Shame.) He was prepared to take a course of opposition to the proposal; he had taken the first opportunity of doing so. He had called upon the House of Commons not to impose any other taxes until a general revision of the whole system of taxation had been made. Looking over the whole list of the taxes, he found that nearly every one of them operated in an unjust manner. The House refused to agree to his request, and he called upon the meeting to compel the House to agree to it. Upon his motion last Friday night he was only supported by 59 Members. Let them not blame the Ministry so strongly for persisting in their course.— (Hear, hear.) The people must compel their repre sentatives to adopt a proper course of conduct. The power was in their own hands; they had neglected that power, and in all the questions put to candidates at the last general election, he had never heard or saw one among them to support measures of retrenchment and economy.—(Hear, hear.) He earnestly trusted that no increase of taxation would take place, but on the contrary, that a considerable reduction in the ex penditure of the country would be made.—(Hear.) The resolution was carried by acclamation. Mr. Noaais trusted that the meeting would not be influenced by anything like party feeling or bitter ness, but that in a bold and determined manner go to the H oise of Commons with their petitions, and state c r o n a nc t e len a t a s:: ' to the Govern tient, if it was necessary to have funds for i the support of the es•ablishments of the country, and London) proper would fiscal of a zen fa s ir ple„asTuhraetianirtvfirnogni—the odious' f r o t o e n nr , s wahanerrd come ett who down,they t h w e i t citizens l o l r i o n . g_ly ( , H a e s a t r he h y ea h r a .) d done in u h p a o d n gmanygreat a of the tax—of its twang a tax .the i el skillnqu iosnitdoriniadlusntartyurnef the country—lhis Common /lan is satisfied that b a Investigation i nt i o u te ou fina e n co cial condition_of b p e enLli v t i n e r d e searching the State, by a wise and toofmeet the deficiency thnernne b y a re nistorareintthaonn sufficient the lavish a e y x Government, of the revenue." Mr. FRANCIS BENNOCH said, that he could no t forbear addressing his fellow• citizens against the most odious, inquisitorial, and unjust tax ever devised' by the mind of man.—(Hear, hear.) He deeply re gretted that the proposed measure was brought for ward by the Noble Lord, who was their representa tive. The citizens must tell that Noble Lord, that they would have none of it, and if he did not attend to their request he was no longer fit to be their representative.—(Loud cheers.) What was this tax proposed for ? to increase the army. What would be the use of a large majority in the House of Commons, and even a 100,000 soldiers, against the popular will ? The answer could be found in the events which had just transpired on the other side of the Channel.—(Loud cheers.) The taxation of the country was most oppressive, and the manufacturers were in consequence almost unable to compete with the manufacturers of other countries. He trusted that they should be able by unanimity to prevent the imposition of the odious income-tax. Mr. WALKER said, that he appeared before them as an aggrieved man, he had been plundered by the Income Tax Commissioners.—(Hear, hear.) He supported Lord John Russell, he deeply regretred that he had done so.—(Cheers.) •The time was come when it was necessary to look into the expenditure . of the country, and if it was not done, civilization in this country would become a bugbear, and honesty a bye-word.—(Loud cheers.) This resolution was also carried unanimously. Mr. Deputy STEVENS said that he was decidedly opposed to all taxes whatever, but as he was in favour of a regular system of Government, he found it necessary that some taxes should be levied, and his next ;proposition was that these taxes ought to be raised in such a manner as to fall easily and fairly upon all portions of the community.—(llear, hear.) He did not think that the proposed income-tax was a tax of that sort. He thought it a most unfair and unjust one, and trusted that by showing a bold front they would be able to prevent its adoption.—(Cheers.) He thought that there was a little State-craft in the proposal to exempt Ireland from the income tax. (Cheers.) He never knew a budget but contained something bad in it, but he thought that this was entirely bad.—(Loud cheers.) He had great pleasure in proposing, as the third resolution— " That after a period of commercial difficulties, the most disastrous and unprecedented, whilst manufacturing industry is prostrate, and trading operations almost at a stand-still, it is unjust to increase the taxation of the country." _ . Mr. EDWARD WILSON seconded the amendment, which was also unanimously agreed to. Mr. GADSDEN congratulated the meeting on the perfect unanimity which prevailed, and the total absence of all party feeling. They were met on common ground to protect themselves and the country from the imposition of the odious income tax.— flear, hear.) He had great pleasure in moving— " That, therefore, this Common Hall trusts the House of Commons will, as the guardians of the public purse, insist upon an abandonment of the proposal to continue and increase the income-tax, and also insist upon such a reduction of its expenditure as shall teed to relieve all classes from the oppr,ssive and burdensome taxation which now weighs down the energies and impedes the hull development of our national industry; and this Common Hall relies with confidence that a House of Commons recently chosen, and which must be familiar with the condition of the nation, will not fail, in this crisis, to vindicate the just expectations of their con stituents and of the people." _ JAMES GILPIN, Esq. (a member of the Society of Friends), in an able and eloquent speech, seconded the resolution. He trusted that a voice would go forth from the whole country to their "pet repre sentative," that they would not have this odious income-tax.—(Cheers.) He believed that there was more true liberty in the constitution of this country, if fully understood, than in any of the republics of the present day ; and the union jack of Old England would tell more of true liberty than the star-spangled banner of the United States.—(Loud cheers.) The resolution was also unanimously agreed to. Mr. PAYNE (the Coroner for the city of London) moved a resolution that a petition be presented to the House of Commons by Mr. Pattison, M.P., and that Lord J. Russell and Mr. Masterman, M.P., be re quested to support the prayer thereof.—(Loud cheers and laughter.) Since he had been in the Hall, he had heard that the proposal of the income tax had been abandoned by the Noble Lord at the head of the Government.—(Loud cheers.) Mr. R. TAYLOR seconded the resolution, which was unanimously agreed to. Mr. PATTISON, M.P., said that he felt it his duty to say a few words on the momentous subject before the meeting. There was no individual present who was more fully resolved than he was to oppose the additional in come-tax. When Lord J. Russell stated to him his in tention of imposing the tax he (Mr. Pattison) had told him that it was his.intention to oppose it. When he was asked what tax he would put on instead, he said that he would put on none at all, and that he would set to work to economise. —(Cheers.) He had voted on Friday night in favour of Mr. Hume's motion, and he should continue to persevere in that course of opposition to the odious income-tax.—(Loud cheers.) He had heard since he had been in the Hall that it was the intention of the Govern ment to withdraw the proposal of additional income-tax. He believed that the proposal was not so much that of the Noble Lord as that of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and he was the most unfortunate financier that the country ever had.—(A voice—" Why did they keep him then.") He believed that, in consequence of the indisposition of Lord J. Russell, he bad said, in bringing before the House the budget, many things which he would not other wise have said.--(A. voice, "The excuse comes too late.") He felt great pleasure in moving that the thanks of this Comilion Hall arc due to the Lord Mayor for his conduct in presiding over it. Mr. NV. LAWRENCE seconded the motion, which was carried by acclamation. His LORDSHIP returned thanks, and the Hall broke up. ELECTION COMMITTEES. ( PHIS DAY.) BOLTON. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition.) A number of other witnesses gave similar testimony, and at four o'clock the Committee adjourned till to morrow. KINSALE. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition.) Ultimately the scrutiny case was abandoned, and the Committee ordered the room to be cleared, to enable them to discuss the resolution they should come to. The Committee remained in deliberation for some time, atter which strangers were admitted, when The CHAIRMAN announced that the Committee had come to the resolution that the election of Mr. Guinness was a void one, inasmuch as two voters had been bribed to poll for him; but that there was no evidence to con nect these acts of bribery with Mr. Guinness. This closed the labours of the Committee. LANCASTER. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition.) Mr. Wyre, the gentleman so often alluded to by the petition as the agent of the sitting member, was called to prove that the suppers and entertainments given at the village of Keysham to the freemen of Lancaster were not paid for by Mr. Gregson. Witness paid for the supper out of his own private purse, but they cost more than he anticipated when he ordered them. He did not act as agent of the sitting member, but on his own responsibi lity throughout the election. Tha Committee then adjourned till to morrow. LYAIE REGIS. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition.) Several other witnesses proved direct acts of bribery and trating on the part of the petitioner and his agent. The Committee adjourned at the usual hour till to morrow. TATTERSALL'S—THIS EVENING Six O'CLOCK. LIVERPOOL STEEPLECHASE. 8 to 1 agst Chandler 12 to 1 agat Naworth 15 to 1 agst Pioneer 15 to 1 agst Sir Arthur 15 to 1 agst The Curate 20 to 1 agst Jerry 20 to 1 agst Matthew 20 to 1 agst Standard Guard 25 to 1 agst Aristides 25 to 1 agst Wolverhampton 30 to 1 agst The Shaver 30 to 1 agst Sailor CHEsTER CUP. 20 to 1 agat War Eagle 22 to 1 agst Cracow 35 to 1 agst Keleshe 40 to 1 agst Lightning. ;!DERBY. 13 to 1 agst Glendower 16 to 1 agst Springy Jack 25 to 1 agst Loadstone 30 to 1 agst Cervus 30 to 1 agst The Stinger 30 to 1 agat Besborough 40 to 1 agst Fern—taken 50 to 1 agst Keraun 50 to 1 agst Whitstone IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT, (THIS EVENING.) HOUSE OF LORDS. Their Lordship assembled at Five o'clock. PUBLIC ROADS (SCOTLAND.) Lord ROSEBERRY presented a petition from Quoensferry, and other places, praying for An altera tion in the mode in which the highways are managed. THE EXCISE; The same NORLEI LORD presented two petitions praying for an alteration of the excise and distillery laws. HARBOURS OF REFUGE The same NOBLE LOAD, in the absence of Lord Haddington, presented a petition praying for the establishment of a harbour of refuge on the east coast of Scotland. THE BANK ACT. Lord EGLINTON presented a petition from a place in Scotland praying for an alteration of the Bank Charter Act. ROME. Lord KENYON presented a petition against diplomatic relations with the Court of Rome. ENCUMBERED ESTATES BILL. Lord BEAUMONT presented a petition from the electors of the Rolls Court in Dublin against the Bill. He hoped the Noble and Learned Lord on the wool. sack would take the petition into his serious consi deration. MONDAY EVENING-, F'EB'RUARY 28, 1848. ODD FELLOWS. The NOBLE LORD presented a petition from the Durham Society of Odd Fellows, praying to be placed under the provisions of the Friendly Societies Act. RESIGNATION OF MR. BIRCH, THE CHIEF CLERK OF THE HOUSE. The LORD CHANCELLOR read a letter from Mr. Birch, the Chief Clerk of the House, requesting to be allowed to resign his post. He said he had been in the service of their Lordships upwards of forty years, and expressed his deep sense of the kindness he had at all times received at the hands of their Lordships. The communication was ordered to be entered on the journals of the House. IRELAND. On the motion of the Marquis of LANSDOWNE, a return of the sums of money advanced by this country to Ireland, in the years 1846 and 1847, and the amount of repayments, was ordered. DIPLOINITIC RELATIONS WITH ROME. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE moved the third reading of this Bill, and stated as on the introduction of the Bill and on the second reading, he had entered fully into its merits, he should simply confine himself on the present occasion to his motion. The Earl of ABERDEEN considered that little good would arise from the measure Inconvenience, he thought would be its result. He saw no reason why the Pope should be called in the Bill " the So vereign Pontiff of the Roman States." The "Pope" had been the designation used from time imme morial : it was used in the treaty of Vienna, which was signed by George 111., and that appellation ought to be retained in the measure before the House. He objected to this country interfering in the affairs of Italy through the instrumentality of this Bill, for he considered that one of its object. He should not, however, vote against the third reading. The term " the Pope " might be used in the first part of the Bill, and " the Sovereign Pontiff of the Roman States" in the latter. He distrusted the intentions of the Pope. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said he had not penetrated into the councils of the Roman States like the Noble Earl ; but he did not consider that they had any reason to look upon Rome with distrust. The terms of which he complained were inserted at the instance of a Noble Duke, not now in his place, and it was thought that they weuld be acceptable to Rome. The terms were recognised in the Catholic countries of Europe. The Bill was then read a third time and passed. Lord STANLEY then presented a petition against the Bill amidst much laughter. Their Lordships then adjourned at Six o'clock. containing the breach of privilege, which consisted of an attack upon the Secretary at War, Mr. M. J. O'Connell, and the other Members of the Notting ham Election Committee was recd, and Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL, after expressing a hope that the mere mention of the subject would be suffi cient, moved pro forma that the printer and publisher of the Northern Star should be called to the bar. Mr. HASTIE seconded the motion. Mr. F. O'CONNER said that if he had made use of any expressions which were offensive to the Hon. Member, he would at once withdraw them, and begged him to accept his most humble apology for such expressions. After a few words from Mr. O'CONNELL, the motion was withdrawn. EXTENSION OF THE INCOME TAX TO IRELAND. Sir B. HALL stated that he had been asked by several Irish Members whether it was his intention to bring forward his motion for extending the income•tax to Ireland. He begged to state in answer to such inquiries, that he could not exactly tell upon what day he would bring it forward, but he could assure theni, that he would take the sense of the House upon his motion, as soon as the Irish Members had recorded their votes upon the question of imposing an income-tax upon the people of this country.--(Cheers.) WAYS AND MEANS—FINANCIAL STATE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGI NEERS, FEB. 22. (Joshua Field, Esq., President, in the Chair.) The paper read was by Mr. A. Mitchell (of Bel fast), Assoc. Inst. C.E., 'On Submarine Founda• tions ,• particularly the Screw-Pile and Moorings." Considering that the entire subject of the various sorts of piling, of solid stone foundations, of coffer dams, of masses of concrete, and the numerous modes adopted by ingenious men for overcoming local diffi culties, would occupy too much time and scarcely possess novelty, the author restricted himself almost entirely to the description of the works executed by him with the screw-pile, as that had been chiefly em ployed for supporting structures on loose sand, or mud-banks wholly or partially covered by the sea, where it had been previously considered very hazard ous, if not impracticable, to erect any permanent edi• fice ; and in his narrative he scrupulously avoided all comparison with other modes of proceeding, even when they had the same object. The origin of the screw-pile was the screw-moor ing, which was designed for the purpose of obtaining for an especial purpose a greater holding power than was possessed by either the ordinary pile or any of the usual mooring anchors or blocks, of however large dimensions. It was proved by experiment that if a screw with a broad spiral flange were fixed upon a spindle, and forcibly propelled by rotary motion to a certain depth into the ground, an enor mous force would be required to extract it by direct tension, and that the power employed must be suffi cient to drag up a mass of earth of the form of the frustrum of a cone traversed, the base being at the surface of the ground, and the section of the apex being equal to the diameter of the screw. The ex tent of the resisting mass must of course depend upon the natural tenacity of the soil ; even in this reasoning it must be evident that a vertical force was calculated upon ; but as, practically, that seldom, if ever, occurred, the angle or tension and the curve of the buoy-cable again gave the moorings greater power. This was found to be correct in practice, and the application of the moorings became very ex tensive. An arrangement was made with the port of Newcastle-on-Tyne, by which, for the sum of 2,5001. the right of fixing these moorings in the Tyne was given, and Mr. Brookes, the engineer, showed that last year, whilst in the neighbouring port damage was done to the shipping to the extent of nearly 30,0001., no injury was sustained in the Tyne, entirely owing to sound holdings of Mitchell's screw pile moorings. It naturally occurred to Mr. Mitchell that the same means of resistance to downward pressure might be used, and he proposed to apply it for the foundation of lighthouses, beacons, and other structures, which for maritime purposes it might be desirable to place upon sand and mud banks, where hitherto it had been considered impracticable to place any permanent edifices. In the year 1838, a plan for a structure of this nature for a lighthouse on the Maplin Sand, at the mouth of the Thames, was laid before the corpo ration of the Trinity house, supported by the opinion of James Walker Esq., their engineer. The nine iron piles, 5 inches diameter, with screws 4 feet diameter, were accordingly driven 22 feet deep into the mud, and, with proper precaution, they were allowed to stand for two years before any edifice was placed upon them. The lighthouse was subsequently con structed, and, as was testified by Mr. Walker, had stood perfectly until the present time. Pending this prp bation it was determined to erect a lighthouse to point out the entrance to the harbour of Fleetwood-on- Wyre, and under the advice of Capt.Donham,R.N , the screw piles were adopted. The spot fixed on was the point of a bank of loose sand, about two miles from the shore. Seven iron piles, with screws of three feet diameter, were forced ab - mt sixteen feet into the bank, and upon them timber supports, forty-eight feet in vertical height, were fixed to carry the house and lanthorn. This structure was completed in six months, and was perfectly successful, never having required any repairs to the present time. A similar lighthouse was erected near Belfast, and since then several others, with a great number of beacons, have been fixed in situations heretofore deemed imprac ticable. A project was started by the Earl of Courtoun, in the year 1847, for adding to the length of the pier at the Harbour of Courtown, on the coast of Wex ford, which had been proved an entire failure, from the channel between the solid pier being continually choked up with sand. Iron piles, with screws of 2 feet in diameter, to be driven from 11 feet to 15 feet into the sand and blue clay, were decided to be used in order to form an open jetty through which the sand would be washed by the current, and the platform could be used for loading and discharging the shipping. The surf was so heavy on the coast that the usual barges of floating rafts could not be used for putting the piles down; so an ingenious plan was designed by Messrs. Mitchell, for projecting a stage forward from the solid part, rigging a large grooved wheel upon the top of the pile, passing an endless rope-band around it and around a pulley fixed 150 feet back, and then, by a number of men hauling upon the band, a rotary motion was com municated to the pile, which screwed it down very last. By these means one bay of the pier, 17 feet long, was finished daily, even in very rough weather. The entire length of the jetty was 260 feet, its breadth 18 feet, with a cross head 54 feet long, with landing stages attached and two lines of railway throughout. The entire cost of this extension was 4,1501., or about 471. 10s. per current lineal yard. An extremely small sum compared to the cost of stone piers ; but even that was more than the expense would be now, as the system of work is better understood, and mate rials are now cheaper. The account of the difficul ties incurred in the execution of these works was most interesting; and, in the commencement of the di4cussion, which was arrested by the hour for breaking up the meeting, ample testimony was borne, by engineers of eminence, and men whose maritime experience gave weight to their opinion, of the su periority of Mitchell's screw• piles and moorings over every other system for holding buoys or for support. ing beacons and lighthouses ; and their use was sug gested for the foundation of bridges, viaducts, and numerous railway and other works, as well as a multiplicity of applications which had not hitherto been thought of. It was announced that the discussion would be renewed at the next meeting, Tuesday, February 29, when a paper would be read " On the Forms and Positions of Dock Entrances, particularly those in the River Thames," by J. B. Redman, M. Inst , C.E. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE OF FRIDAY. DIVIDENDS. At the Court, Basinghall-street. J. E. Pople, Union. row, Newington-butts, licensed victualler, March 17, at one—J. Morris, Crown-street, Finsbury, leather seller, March 17, at half-past twelve— D. A. Morel!, Langham•place, Marylebone, dentist, March 17, at twelve—J. Knights, Great Malton, Nor folk, cattle dealer and chapman, March 17, at half-past eleven—F. K. Fowell. Piccadilly, wine merchant, March 17, at eleven—A. Fletcher, Shaftesbury -terrace, Pim lico, bookseller and stationer, March 20, at eleven R. M. Herbert, Reading, tea dealer and grocer, March 20, at half-past eleven—J. Jones and A. Brown, Shoreditch, licensed victuallers, March 17, at eleven— J, Clarke, Conduit-mews, Spring-street, Sussex-gar dens, Paddington, job mas t er , M arc h 17, a t e l even —H. Tamlyn, Totten, Ilants, coal merchant, March 17, at eleven—G. Harrison, Ebury-street, Pimlico, builder, March 17, at twelve—l. Boyd and R. Harmer, Spital. square, silk manufacturers, March 17, at two—W. Butcher, Belle Sauvago-yard, Ludgate-bill, cap manu facturer, March 17, at two. In the Country. J. H. Denner, Nottingham, pawnbroker, March 24, at eleven, at the Court, Nottingham—B. Walton, Wol verhampton, japanner and tin plate worker, March 28, at 'eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—J. liartord, Bristol, iron master, March 30, at eleven, at the Court, Bristol—A. Tunstall and J. W. Cash, Bristol, oil merchants, March 17, at eleven, at the ConaS, Bristol.— G. Cappur, Nantwich, Cbeshire, cheese factor, March 20, at twelve, at the Court, Liverpool—S. Virtue, Liverpool, merchant, March 20, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—S. Langdale, sen., and S. Langdale, jun., Stockton-upon-Tees, corn dealers and flour merchants, March 17, at half-past ten, at the Court, Newcastle upon-Tyne J. Hansor, Hanley, Staffordshire, hop merchant and druggist, March 22, at twelve, at the Court, Birmingham—G. Holford, Wolverhampton, jew eller and silversmith, March 18, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham —T. Bishton, Kinsale, Shropshire, iron master, March 28, at twelve, at the Court, Birmingham. I PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. G. S. Coxwell and W. Croser, Newcastle- upon. Tyne, merchants, Id. 1-7th, on Saturdays, between the hours of ten and three, at the office of Mr. Wakley, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. S. and W. Smith, Warley, worsted spinners, 2%. 6d., on any day after Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. S. Smith, Warl e y, worsted spinner, 205., on any day after Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. W. Smith, Warley, worsted spinner, 205., on any day after Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. W. Hirst, Leeds, merchants, /d., on any day after . Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. T. Robinson, Birkby, Yorkshire, 18d., on any day after Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. J. and W. Thompson, Rawden, Yorkshire, merchant, lid., on any day after March 6, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. S. Phillips, Kingston-upon-Hull, hatter, 25., on Tues days, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Hope, Leeds. Reynolds and Fairbank, Sheffield, builders, Is. Pd., on Tuesdays, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfield, Leeds. S. and J. Knight, Mold, Flintshire, bankers, 100., any Monday after March 1, between the hours of el even and two, at the cffice of Mr. Bird, Liverpool. G. C. Nicholls, Liverpool, merchant, Is. Bid., on Mondays, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Bird, Liverpool. F. Richardson, Ormskirk, Lancashire, tailor, id., on Mondays, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Bird, Liverpool. W. Handley, Birmingham, wholesale saddler, 7id., ou Thursdays, between the hours of eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Christie, Birmingham. Barber and Marshall, Walsall, bankers, ls. 2d., 6d., 6d., and Bd., on Thursdays, at the o ffi ce of Mr. elpi. Birmingham. NOTICES OF CERTIFICATES. At the Court, Basinghall-street. _ _ R. Pope, Adelaide-place, London-bridge, and Crig gleston, Yorkshire, brick and tile manufacturer, March 18, at eleven—J. B. Pope, Adelaide-place, London bridge, and Criggle ston, Yorkshire, brick and tile manufacturer, March 18, at eleven—W. S. Smith, Reading, scrivener, March 18, at half-past eleven—F. Adamson, Bond-court, Walbrook, merchant, March 18, at eleven—M. M. Wildbore, Newcastle-street, Strand, ornamental paper manufacturer, March 17, at one—P. Clausen, Newman-street, Oxford-street, manufacturer, March 20, at one—G. Wood, Trafalgar-place, Kentish tow u, commission agent, March 17, at half-past one. In the Country. T. Davies, Aberavon, Glamorganshire, draper and grocer, March 21, at eleven, at the Court, Blistol-6. Langdale, sen., and S. Langdale, jun., Stockton-upon- Tees, corn dealers, March 17, at half-past eleven, at the Court, Newcastle upon-Tyne—S. Smith, Manchester, grocer, March 24, at eleven, at the Court, Manchester— G. Edwards, Drayton-in-Hales, Shropshire, innkeeper, March 25, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—T. Soldier, Birmingham, victualler, March 21, at twelve, at the Court, Birmingham—N. Barnsdall, Nottingham, timber merchant, March 17, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—W. Bedell*, Leicester, paper and general dealer, April 7, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham — W. Bluek, Leominster, lerefordshire, grocer, March 18, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—W. D. Scur field, Liverpool, shawlman and draper, March 17, at twelve, at the Court, Liverpool. Court of Review, March 17. _ R. D. Evans, Wrexham, Denbighshire, draper—D. B. Smith, B.rmingham, grocer—T. Marriott, Moor-street, Seven-dials, victualler— T. Wallis, Oxford. street, woollen• draper—W. Thomas, Catherine. street, Strand, publisher —J. Barret, Blackfriars•road, machine printer—T. Holmes, Pendleton, Lancashire, bleacher—E. May, Oxford street, ironmonger—F. Beetson, Stockport, carpenter—W. Barton, Old Brentford, grocer—S. Grif fiths, Wolverhampton, druggist— W. S. Brown, sen., Broad street, Ratcliff, sail-maker—J. Prince, Cexhoet Durham, grocer and draper—C. Tabor, Nottingbarn. lace•manufacturer—J. Archer, Deptford, baker—B. B. Walker, Upper Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square, publican —J. Gilbert, Paternoster-row, bookseller. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. J. Howard and A. Collinson, Nantwicb, drapers—F. Copeman and G. Soame, Bickling, Norfolk, millera— \V. Unsworth and B. Williamson; Derby, silk-throwstera —A. G. Holmes and C. B. Borlase, Great James• street, Bedford-rosy, attorneys and solicitors—W. H. Skelton and S. Mason, jun., Manchester, agents—J. Dill and W. Hill, Spits' square, silk-manufacturers—D. Jones and R. -Jones, Oswestry, hatters and furriers— D. Hordern and T. Hordern, Manchester, fustian manufacturers-1. Williams and J. Gay, Bristol, glaciers —J. Ellis and T. Wallace, Pontypool and Newport, carriers—W. J. French and W. J. B. French, Wilton, surgeons—W. Killip and J. E. Christian, Liverpool, joiners and builders—F. Gatley and A. Gatley, Bol lington, Cheshire, stone merchants—C. Harwood and R. R. Barber, Manchester, stock and sharebrokers—G. Keysar and J. Brooke, Liverpool, block and mast makers—J. F. G. Spicer and T. Lunnon, Hedsor, Buck inghamshire, milled board manufacturers—W. Kidney and J. Rue, East Stonehouse, Devonshire,- drapers-- W. Hope and F. Frith, jun., Liverpool, grocers—lL Bellerby, H. Bellerby, jun., and J. Sampson, York and Stamford, booksellers (so far as regards J. Sampson)-- J. Moxon and J. P. Moxon, Exeter, innkeepers—J. J. Bramah, A. B. Cochrane, jun., and J. Deeley, Tipton. •Itatfordshire, ironmasters—C. Squarey and N. V. Squarey, Salisbury, chemists and druggists—B. Slater, W. Jellard, and J. B. Slater, Liverpool, sawyers (so far as regards W. J,llsrd)—J. Hardcastle, W. Hardcastle, T. Aked, and R. G. Aked, Bradford, coal merchants-- J. Carlile, Gresham street, and E. Collier, Liverpool-- R. Thacker and Maria Sirdefield, Emscote, Warwick shire, brassfounders and gas apparatus manufacturers. INSOLVENT PETITIONERS. James Wild, Oldham, cotton spinner. Thomas Jones, Gilestone, Brecknockshire, labourer. Thomas Smallwood, Wellington, Shropshire, attorney. John Scholefield, Rochdale, shopkeeper. Jonathan Cook, Donca,ter. Thomas Howarth, Rochdale, painter. John Bass, Canterbury, coal merchant. John Coles, Staple grove, Somersetshire, butcher. James Paul, North -town, Somersetehire, baker. John Dinham, Taunton Saint James, Someraetshirep builder. David Twining, Winslow, Buckinghamshire, chemist. Benjamin Pearce, Truro, Cornwall, sculptor. John Henderson, Tranmere, Cheshire, joiner. Sophia Anne Harding, Leicester. Thomas Norman Gilbert, Leicester, patent mangle •nak.. r. Thotnas Way, Silverton, Devonshire, yeoman. Elizabeth Ann Shorey, Sunbridge, Kent, butcher. Thomas Islip, Bedford, butcher. Henry Essery, Sheepwash, Devonshire bootmaker. Thomas Lea, Wellington, Shropshire, licensed victu aller. Thomas Humfrey, Stanmore. Thomas Atkinson, Seamer, Yorkshire, labourer. Thomas Hardy, Stone Gravels, Derbyshire, labourer. Samuel Munuerley, Lower Bebbington, Cheshire, shoe• maker. HOUSE OF COMMONS. The SPEAKER took the Chair at ten minutes before Four o'clock. Several Members took the oaths and their seats. SECOND READINGS. The Birkenhead Dock Commissioners (Transfer of Powers to New Commissioners, effecting Arrange ments with the Crown, and Amendment of Acts) (No. 2) Bill, and the Chester Cemetery Bill, were read a second time, and ordered to be committed. THE' SANITARY BILL. Mr. W. PATTEN presented a petition from certain medical practitioners of Lancashire complaining that in the new Sanitary Bill no provision had been made for appointing medical men to the local boards, and praying that some provision might be introduced in that respect. Mr. MUNTZ presented a petition from Birming ham, praying that the Sanitary Bill, as at present proposed, might not pass into a law. Also a petition from the same town against the proposed system of emigration to the coast of Africa. INCOME-TAX. An immense number of petitions were presented against the income-tax :—By Mr. Alderman Sidney, from Stafford; by Mr. Muntz, from Birmingham; by Mr. Elliott, from Roxburgshire; by Mr. H. Berkeley, from Bristol ; by Colonel Sibthorp, from Lincolnshire ' • by Sir Willoughby Jones, from Chel tenham ' • by Mr. Tancred, from Banbury ; by Mr. Brown, from Lancaster ; by Mr. Masterman, Sir J. Wahnsley, Sir Charles Douglas, Mr. Colvile, Lord H. Vane, Mr. Bolling, Mr. Roundell Palmer, and M r.yinney, Mr. BaIGHT also presented similar petitions from 2,000 inhabitants of Manchester, and from the Manchester Chamber of Commerce • also a petition from Rochdale, praying that, instea d of the income tax, the probate and legacy duties might be extended to he freehold property of the country. Sir J. WALNISLEY presented a petition from Leicester praying for the reduction of the tea duties. KINSALE ELEBTION. Mr. BOUVERIE brought up the report of the Kinsalw Election Committee, declaring the election of Mr. Guinness to be void. Colonel THOMPSON presented a petition from a place in Yorkshire against any increase of the in come-lax, and praying for the tiotablishment of a property-tax, if it were found necessary to make up any deficiency in the revenue. Mr. COBDEN presented several petitions against any increase in the income-tax. Mr. MITCHELL presented two petitions from Dorsetshire, against any increase in the army, navy, or ordnance estimates. Mr. CARDWELL presented a petition from the seamen of Liverpool against any alteration in the navigation-laws; also a petition from the same town against any increase in the income-tax. Mr. HUME presented petitions against the Bul , get of her Mrjesty's Ministers, from the City of London, agreed to at a Common Hall this day; from Arbroath, Tuxford, in the county of Nottingham shire ; from Roxburgh ; from Basingford. Petitions against the measnre were also presented by Lord Melgund, from Dudley; by Mr. Hindley, by Mr. H. Hope, from Gloucester ; by Mr.H. Brown, from Tewkesbury; by Mr. Horsman, from Rugby ; and various other places, by Mr. Mattison ; from the Ward of Aldgate, and various other wards in the city of London, by Mr. Wakley, from Finsbury, and from the Liberty of the Rolls. OBSERVANCE OF THE SABBATH. Mr. GOULBURN presented a petition from the inhabitants of Lambeth, praying the House to adopt some measures to ensure the better observance of the Sabbath. JEWISH DISABILITIES. Sir R. INGLIS presented a petition from the Pres bytery of Dunmow, and various other places, agains the admission of Jews into Parliament. WEST INDIAN COLONIES. Mr. HUME presented a petition from Hanover in the Island of Jamaica, praping the House to pass some measure to preserve the Colony from ruin. Mr. GOULBURN presented a petition from Westmoreland in the Island of Jamaica, to a similar effect. BANK ACT. Mr. HUME presented a petition from Montrose respecting the restrictions imposed by the Bank Act of 1847. INCOME TAX. Petitions against the proposed income-tax were also presented from the parish of Marylebone (agreed to at a meoting held this day) by Sir B. Hall, Bart.; from the borough of Northampton ; from the inhabitants of Bethnal Green, by Sir NV. Clay ; and from Brentford. Mr. HUME gave notice—taking it for granted that there would be a reduction in the Government establishments —(Laughter)— that he would move that an humble address be presented to her Majesty, praying her Majesty to give directions that all per sons who shall be appointed to civil, military, naval, or other officers after this date, shall be appointed subject to a reduction of salary.—(Hear, hear.) THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Mr. HUME, seeing the Noble Lord the First Minister of the Crown in his place, wished to put a question to him in allusion to the late affairs in France.—(hear.) In that country the Government that existed but a short time ago, no longer existed now ; but a new had or would be established.— (Hear, hear.) Now what he wished to ask the Noble Lord was, whether it was the intention of her Majesty's Government to withhold alto gether from any interference with the people of France—(Great cheering)--and to leave them at liberty to choose and settle what Government they pleased for their own country.—(Great cheer ing.) He had thought it his duty to ask the ques tion, and he hoped there would be no objection on th the Noble Lord frankly to answer it.— (Great cheering.) Lord JOHN RUSSELL (who was much cheered) said--I can have no objection whatever to answe} the Hon. Member for Montrose's question.—(Hear, hear.) We have, as may be supposed, received official intel ligence of what has taken place in France—(Hear, hear)—and in answer to the Honourable Mem ber for Montrose's question, I have to state distinctly that we have no intention whatever to interfere in that form of Government—(Tre mendous cheering)—which the French nation think right to adopt, or in any way to meddle with the internal affairs of France.—(Great cheering.) BREACH OF PRIVILEGE. Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL felt compelled to com• plain of a breach of privilege committed by th e proprietor of the Northern Star newspaper, in that paper of Saturday last, against the Secretary at War and himself, and accusing him of being the deadly enemy of the Hon. Member for Nottingham. On the motion of the Hort. MLMB the article OF THE COUNTRY. The CFIANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, in moving the order of the day, for going into Commit tee of Ways and Means, said that he thought it desirable that he should avail himself of this oppor tunity of stating more fully than his Noble Friend (Lord J. Russell) had been able to do on a previous occasion, the financial state of the country, and also the course which it was her Majesty's Ministers in tention to pursue with reference thereto. Several Hon. Gentlemen had complained that they did not fully un perstand some portions of the statement of the financial condition of the country. And as the motion before the House was one for going into Committee on Ways and Means, he thought that it would be the most con venient course for him then to make his statement on the subject, rather than leave it till the House had resolved itself into Committtee. With respect to the finances of the country, the balance-sheet, as laid be fore the House, would show to Honourable Members, conversant with these matters, what the state of the finances were. The first half of that was a comparison of the ordinary revenue and expenditure of the country. There was on this occasion an exception to the ordi nary rule. It appeared, on the one hand, that there was an excess of expenditure over increase, in the year ending the sth of February last, a sum of 2,956,0001. But upon the other hand it would appear that out of that expenditure a sum 1,525,0001. had been incurred on account of the distress in Ireland. Now it was the desire and attention of the Govern ment, and of the Ilcuse, that that expenditure should be provided for out of the 8,000,0001. loan, and not to be made a charge against the ordinary revenue of the country. After, there fore, making these deductions, the excess of expenditure over income for the year 1848 would be about 1,400,0001., and deducting from that sum amount of the China ransom, amounting to 450,000/., which was received last year, the real excess of expenditure over income would be about 900,0001.—(Hear.) It was hardly possible for him to anticipate the measure of next year, because, he was sorry to say, the symptoms of improvement in trade were not so rapid in their pro gress as some Hon. Gentlemen anticipated. The receipts of the present quarter, as compared with the receipts of the corresponding period last year, exhibited a falling off amounting to upwards of 400,0001. His Noble Friend had stated on a former occasion the various items that would compose the expenditure of the present year. The charge on debt would amount to 27,778,0001., and the interest on Exchequer-bills to 752,0001., and therefore the to tal amount of charge in debt for the next financial year would amount to 28,530,0001. But of course there were other charges, such as for pensions and half-pay accounts, but these charges were not subject to the control of the existing Govern ment. The estimates of this year for the non-effective service amounted to no less a sum than 3,652,0001., and over that amount of ex penditure the House had no controul. When, therefore, :Honourable Gentlemen spoke of the enormous sums expended by this country, no doubt they lost sight of these itmems over which the Government could exercise no power of reduction. The estimate for the effective service of the next year amounted only to 18,153,0001.; and the real expenditure which the House had to deal with, instead of being between fifty-two and fifty-three millions, did not exceed eighteen millions. His Hon. Friend the Secretary of the Admiralty had stated how unjust the accusation of the Hon. Member for Montrose was that a large portion of the increased expenditure of Government was a wasteful and profligate expenditure. And he appealed to the lion. Member (Mr. Hume) whether he thought he was justified in thus accusing the Government. There was one branch of the public service, the conveyance of mails which was not connected with the military or naval establishments, but was carried on solely for the ac commodation of the commercial world and for the benefit of trade, in which there was a considerable increase of expense since the time when he first moved the esti mates, some economical Members were very apt to increase the expenses of Government in various ways, forgetting that there was an un fortunate person who held the office of Chancellor of Exchequer. (Loud laughter.) The Hon. Member for Montrose should recollect that the expense of maintaining lighthouses in this coun try, which was paid out of the Government revenue, amounted to no less a sum than 22,000/. per annum. There was also an increase of 264,0001. per annum in the expenses of the army which was entirely unconnected with the increase of the number of men. \Vith respect to the miscescellaneous services, the Government were so fully aware of the necessity of inquiry into the expenditure on this head that they had announced their intention of appointing a Committee on that subject. The sources of the miscellaneous estimates were continually increasing ; he found that there was a charge for harbours of refuge 110,0001. on the recommendation of a Select Committee, 100,000/. to the Caledonian Canal, 27,0001. for public works in Ireland, 150,0001. for education, 50,0001. for the British Museum, 350,000/. for the expenses of prosecutions thrown upon this :fund, expenses of the Modei Prison, and several other prisons, all of which items were im posed by the order of the House. The various items making altogether upwards of 1,000,0001. per annum chargeable on the miscellaneous estimates A charge had been made against the Government fot thecrease in the charges of collecting the revenue. Bu this increased expense arose almost entirely from the wishes of the merchants and importers themselves, who requested an increase in the number of hands at the various ports for the purpose of assisting in the duty of clearing the various cargoes. He was as willing as the most economical Member in the House to reduce all the items of expenditure to the lowest possible point. This reduction ought, however, to be effected in a careful and business-like manner. It might be possible to reduce tke army and navy, and even the Miscellaneous Estimates. He did not think that it would now be expedient to make any reduction in either the army or navy, and cir cumstances which had recently transpired led the Government to the conclusion that no such reduction could be made. (LEFT SPEAKING.) COURAGEOUS APPREHENSION OF A THIEF ISIC A FEMALE, AT TAKELY.—On Tuesday last, a fellow was seen in the above village to go up to the cottage of a poor woman, and soon after a shirt was missed. Suspicion falling upon the stranger, a woman named Martha, Bartrup, living next door, immediately started in pursuit of him, and after a two-mile chase caine up with him. She immediately collared him, sad having unbuttoned his coat, found the shirt concealed on his person. She then led her prisoner back to Tukely, but unfortunately on arriving there found that the constable was at Chelms ford, attending the sessions. Determined not to give up her captive until she had safely handed him over to the law, she started wi►h him to Dunmow Police Station, a distance of four miles, and had marched him a great part of the way, still holding him by the collar, when a waggon came up, and the driver put the fellow into it. The woman with meritorious perseverance walked behind to preven t him from escaping ; but before they reached Dunmow, Scott, the police officer of Stansted, drove up, and the thief being given up to him, was safely lodged at the police station. On Friday morning he was exam ined before the Rev. 11. L. Majendie, when he gave his name John Jackson, and was committed for trial.— Chelmsford Chronicle. TMEATRE ROYAL ADELPIII.—We hear that the drama of The Flowers of the Forest will be revived this evening, when Miss Davenport, the late directress of the Olympic Theatre, will appear in the character of Star ' light Bess," and, from her well-known talents, we have no doubt of her achieving great success, when so sup ported as she will be by Madame Celeste, Miss Woolgar, Paul Bedford, and Wright. WHALEs.—Large bodies of whales have recently been seen sporting at a short distance off our shores. Indeed, ever since September, scarcely a day has elapsed without more or fewer being observed ; but during the past week their numbers appear to have greatly increased On /friday and Saturday, they were seen at a livle dis tance off the north head of Wick. It is likely that our Orkney and Zetland neighbours will be soon enjoying a whale harvest.—John o' Groat Journal. GREAT FALL IN THE PRICE OF BREAD.—On Saturday a general reduc:ion in the price of bread took place throughout the metropolis; household bread being charged 4id., and the best bread sd. tho 41b. loaf ; the lowest price at which bread has ever been sold in Eng land on record. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. T. Flint, Dunfermline, merchant, to meet within Mrs. Hutton's New Inn, Dunfermline, March 2 and 30, at twelve. J. Dunlop, Edinburgh, writer to the signet, to meet within Stcvenson's Rooms, Edinburgh, March 1 aad 22, at tat o. %V. Potter, Dumfriep, draper, to meet within the com tnercial Inn, Dumfries, March 3 and 24, at one. J. Cowan, Glasgow, tailor and clothier, to meet within the Buck's Head Hotel, March 2 and 24, at twelve. W. Laird and J. Morton, Glasgow, wholesale sta tioners, to meet within the Star Hotel, Glasgow, March 1 and 22, at two. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, FEB. 26. STOCK EXCHANGE.—Prices hive a receding tendency, and. the market is more than usually dull. The sales are—Lan cashire and Yorkshire, Fifths, par—Ditto, Fifths (West Riding Union), 2 3 4 dis.—Leeds and Thirsk, 16 c. London and North-Western, Quarters, New, 44 [4—Man chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, Quarters, No. 1, par —Ditto, Quarters, No. 2, 17 3 / —Ditto, 201. Shares, 5% dia. —Midland Stock, 401. Shares, 44 3 4—North Staffordshire ' dis.—South-Eastern and Dov er , 301, e —Di tto , N o . 4, 2 dis. MANCHESTER, Fan. 26. STOCK ExcHANGE.—The sales are—Great Northern, 64 dis.— Lancashire and Yorkshire (West Riding Union), 2 13-16 dis.—London and North-Western, New Quarters, 4% p.— Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, Quarters, No. 2. 17 —North Staffordshire, 1-16 dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, No 4, 2 dis. _ _ LEEDS, FEB. 26. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—East Lancashire, 20% —Ditto, New, 4 1 ,4 dis.—Great Northern, 6►,/ e dia.—Lanca shire and Yorkshire (Wes;, Riding Union), 58s. dis.—Leeds an Thirsk, 16 die,—Manchester, Sheffield. and Lincolnshire, Preference, Is. 6d. p.—North British, Thirds, 10s. dis.— Ditto, Quarters, 12s. 6d. dis.—North Staffordshire, as. 9d. p. —North- Western, 53 4 :dis —York, Newcastle, and Berwick, No. 2 (New Berwicks), 2 1 4 n. p. BIRMINGHAM, FEB. 26. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Ambergate, Notting' ham, and Boston, 2 1 A dis.—Sour Valley, 2 1 ,E dis.—North Staffordshire, 3 dis.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), 3% dis.—Ditto (B), 465. 3d. dis. HULL, Fun. 26. STOCK EXCHANGE —The market opened firmer this morn ing than might have been expected from the news from France. The telegraphic dispatck from town this afternoon, bringing a considerable fall in Consols and shares, has caused much uneasiness, and shares are offered in vain at consider ably reduced prices. The sales are—North British, Halves, 11% —Ditto, Thirds, 10s. dis.—llitto, Quarters, 12s. 6d. dis.—• North Staffordshire, par—New Berwicks, 2% la. NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, Fan. 26. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Manchester, Sheffield. and Lincolnshire, 101. Preference, 3s. 9d.—Maryport and Carlisle, New, Is. dis.— Newcastle and Carlisle, New Scrip, 101'/ 2 —North Staffordshire, 12s. 6d. p. YORK, FEB. '45. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are— dreat Northern, 4A —York, Newcastle, and Berwick (Original), 31 11 / 2 —Ditto, No. 2 (late New Berwicks), 12/. 1133. 9d.—Ditto (G. N. E. Purchase), 10% c. SALMON FIsHINO.—The salmon fishing in the Tweed commenced on Tuesday-last under the most fa• vourable auspices, nearly 150 fine salmon having been brought into this town during the course of the day fioq • the various waters in the neighbourhood. The labours of the fishermen have since been attended with nearly equal success, and the selling price per lb. is consequently less than it has been at the commencement of the season for several years.—Berwick Warder. BIRTIId. On the 20th inst., at thiiiiioilloase, Swindon, the lady of Sherlock Willis, Esq., of a son. On the 21st inst., at Sloane-street, Mrs. T. M. Joy, of a daughter. On the 28d inst., at Coton Hall, Staffordshire, Mrs. Bott, of a daughter. On the 28d inst., in Oxford-terrace, the wife of the Rev. Francis Massingberd, of a sou. On the 21st inst., at Deane-street, Liverpool, the wife of William Irlam, Esq., of a son. On the 23d inst., at Highbury-place, Mrs. George Gies Sandeman, of a daughter. On the 25th inst., in Kent-terrace, Mrs. G. Pyke, of a daughter. On the 25th inst., Mrs. S. W. Ro wse ll, Ch eaps id e, o f a daughter. On the 25th inst., at Euston-square, the wife of W. Thacker, Esq., of a son. MARRIED. On the 21th inst., at St. John's, Hackney, by the Rev. L. P. Mercier, M.A., Dennis De Berdt Hovel', Esq., of Clanton, to Mary, daughter of A. De Horne, Esq., of Leiden, Essex, and llomert'-•n. DIED. On the 24th inst., in Park-road, Regent's-park, T. Fairs, EFT On the 24th inst., in Princes-road, Kennington-cross, Ur& George IVood, aged 45. On the 24th inst., David Haes, Esq., of Upper Bedford place, Russell-square, aged 49. On the 24th inst., in Jermyn-street, Piccadilly, Mrs. E. Repten, widow of the late J. Renton, Esq., aged T 9. On the 20th inst., at Clifton, aged 22, Anne Sophia, daugh• ter of I. Dighton, Esq., of Torrington-square, London. On the 22d inst., at Notting-hill-terrace, H. T. Traver* Esq., in his 69th year. On the 23d inst., at Anglesey, Hants, Lieutenant-General Montagu Burrows, in his 73d year. London: Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, at No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Offiee, No. 112 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county 0 Middlesex, Monday, Febmary 28, 1848. .•. ••4 11-.$ I I c