The Sun. — London, England, 1865-11-28 00:00:00

THE GALES. T h e f ou r dare gale, terminating on Saturday evening, which swept over the Cornish coast, caused no t only i mm ense injury to shipping and house pro perty, but the . loss of more than 20 lives. It is the gener al opi4ion t hat a gale of equal severity and duration has not been experienced in Cornwall for something like 20 years. The barce of the wind on Friday night and Saturday morning was most terri fic. Several persons were more or less injured. The most serious disaster that is reported is the total vrreck of the Brazilian bark Santisto, of and from Santos for Havre, with cotton, coffee, &c. She was one of six vessels that ran ashore in Mount's Bay. Her crew numbered 18, of whom 16 perished before any effectual assistance could be rendered. The bark William, of Sunderland, for Oddessa, with wheat, ran ashore in Porthleven harbour ; all the crew suc ceeded in landing in safety, with the exception of one poor fellow, whose weakness was too great to allow of his efforts being successful, and he was drowned; the captain's arm was also broken. The Constance, a French lugger, bound to Cardiff, with barley, was driven on shore three miles east of Fowey ; the vessel was soon beaten to pieces, and two of the crew were drowned. The French schooner Galatee, of Dunkirk, with 200 tons of china clay, was driven on the rocks off Charlestown, and was abandoned by her crew. The brig Tabaco (T. A. Heins, master), bound to Hamburg, with a cargo valued at nearly £1,500, ran ashore about a mile from Penzance, and her crew, with the exception of two, were rescued by the lifeboat. A small fo reign brig, name unknown, went down off the Lizard, and no doubt is entertained that her crew were lost with her. A Neapolitan brig, from Genoa, with grain, ran ashore under the cliff at Acton Castle, on the western side of Cuddan Point ; the captain and crew, with the exception of one seaman, who was exhausted, were rescued by rocket apparatus. Three or four vessels went ashore in the Land's End distria, but upto Saturday after noon no definite news had been received of them. A man was blowninto the sea off Penzance pier, and a lad was blown into the river near Truro, but was saved. Alarge building of corrugatediron was blown to the ground at Falmouth, and the greater portion of the building carried into the sea. House property in inland as well as coast towns suffered very much, and dozens of farm buildings are reported to have been completely levelled. In Truro, Penzance, Fal mouth, Redruth, Camborne, Helaton, St. Ives, Hayle, St. Austell, and St. Columb many houses were entirely unroofed, and hundreds of panes of glass were broken. On Saturday several vessels drove from their anchors at Falmouth and got on the northern bank or grounded on the eastern shore. The bark Anne Lee, of South Shields, laden with wheat, from Taganrog, which was anchored at the entrance of the harbour with two cables, drove on board the Italianbark Emilio Barbarino, and, carry ing away her stern by the collision, instantly filled and sunk on her beam-ends to the water's edge. The master and crew with great difficulty were hauled by lines on board the Italian vessel and saved. The Spanish steamer Elena, from Liverpool for Bilboa, got into collision with the brig John and Elizabeth, from Taganrog, and did her considerable damage. The brig Zeus, of Sunderland, from Ismail, was driven into by the American ship Addison and the French ship Adele, and lost bowsprit, had cut water damagii, and other injury. Several other casualties of a like kind have occurred. Consider ing the violence of the gale, and that more than 150 vessels were at anchor in the roads and harbour, it is wonderful that more damage has not been done. At Plymouth the weather continued very unsettled yesterday morning. The Norwegian bark Baricola, from Marseilles, put into the Sound, leaky ; the Nor wegian bark Diabane, from ICustendje, with loss of bowsprit, &c. ; and the English bark Plover, from Taganrog, with loss of foremast, mainmast, &c. The bark Clorinda, Capt. Gerolino Avegno, of Leg horn, from Nicholaief, has gone to pieces at Lard - enham, nine miles S.E. of Exmouth ; crew saved. In the course of the day the storm drove more ves sels into the Sound. Among them were the schooner Mary Ann, of Fahnouth, Capt. Ferris, from Galatz, with loss of topmast ; the bark Hiawatha, Capt. Hancock, with cotton seed, from 41exandria, with loss of mainmast ; the Mecklenburg bark Wienho hen, Capt. Schultz; from Thaboe, and three Aus trian vessels—the brig Cavalier Baugardner, Capt. Zaccaria, from Sulina, the bark Anna Al—, Capt. Racich, from Odessa, and the bark Aquila Sichrar, from Nicholaief—all more or less damaged. The Norwegian bark stranded in the river Ycalin is the Dei Gratin, 551 tons, from Trapani. The steam ship Erl King, from London on Saturday for Port Phillip, arrived yesterday evening. She passed in the Nore the Essex, bound for Melbourne, and the Charley Palmer, for Queensland, both to call at Plymouth. The storm drum was hoisted all day. r.lhe prevailing wind was from S.S.E. FOWEY (CORNWALL), Nov. 25. I am proud to report (says Mr. W. E. Geach) that the Fowey lifeboat of the National Lifeboat Institution (the Catherine Rashleigh) and her crew behaved most nobly yesterday in rescuing 22 poor fellows from a watery grave. During the heavy gale two large vessels—a barque and a brig—were seen in distress in St. Austell's Bay driving before the wind towards Par Sands. The lifeboat was soon launched, and making her way through the breakers towards the ships which had now taken the ground, and were broadside on to the fearful breakers which were running high over the topmasts' heads. With great difficulty the crew managed to get the lifeboat midway between the station and the stranded ships, when the sea rose so high that six of the boats' oars were snapped asunder, so that the crew could make no headway against the violence of the increasing storm. The coxswain, Mr. Heath, with great presence of mind, allowed the boat to drift to leeward for some distance, and then, knowing her sailing qualities, hoisted canvass and steered her close to the wind's eye, so as at last to reach the pier at Par. The boat be haved most nobly under her canvass, without which she could not have reached the ships. The crew of the brig despairing of the lifeboat reaching them proceeded to launch their boat, and two of the crew got on board, but so fearful was the aspect of the broken water that one of the crew returned to the ship, and before the other could follow the hawser snapped and the boat falling into the breakers was swamped. The poor fellow clung to the boat, and the lifeboat's crew abandoni ng t h e vessel for a time pulled oft and rescued the batiu t j u m, b he was being swallowed up by the raging surf. He was soon landed, together with a cat, which had clung to him during his perilous situation, and was taken to the Cottage Hospital at Palmear, and provided for. The lifeboat's crew were warmly received by the assembled multitude on shore, and again made for the barque, where a similar ovation awaited them from the crew of the doomed ship which was lying broadside to the sea. The crew, including the master —l3 in all--were taken off, and safely landed. They were taken in charge by Mr. Lowry, of Fowey, Vice-Consul, and agent of Lloyds', and pro vided with refreshments and dry clothing. The life boat again proceeded on her errand of mercy, and, after a severe struggle, the gale having increased its fury, reached the brig, and took off the captain and eight hands, and also landed them safely. They were also amply provided for. The barque proved to be the Drydens, of North Shields, 381 tons' register, W. E. Elliott master, from Sulina, with maize, to Fal mouth for orders.' The brig was the Wearmouth, of Sunderland, Churnside master, 275 tons register, from Taganrog, with linseed, to Fal mouth for orders. The captai n of this vessel was inclined to remain by his ship, but after being wa rned of the almost cert a i nty of losing his life was i n duced to come off. For fi ve d ays and nights he had been on deck, and was consequently ex hausted state. During the night willttli iencaonmin tide the gale increased, and before midnight the barque had rolled over, broken up, and together with her GOO tons of Indian corn, was strewn o ver the beach from Par Harbour to the cliffs at Palmear. The brig still holds on, is half filled with water, her stern broken in, and her decks lifted by the swollen cargo, and will, unless the weather moderates, also become a total wreck. The anxiety manifested by the bystanders, many of them young sailors volun teering their services to relieve the crew of the lifeboat, were most praiseworthy ; but nothing could induce any of the crew to quit the post of honour until the last man was brought ashore, and their " dear craft," as they called her, taken care of. The crew were in the boat for five_hours, and her behaviour was the admiration of all present, both sailors and landsmen. PLYMOUTH, NOT. 25. A vessel was observed (reports Thomas Stevens, Esq.) coming into the Sound this evening during the heavy gale that was blowing from the south west, and anchoring dead to leeward, near the Batten Ledge. At half-past five o'clock two rockets were sent up from the Mount Batten coast guard station. The Prince Consort lifeboat of the National Lifeboat Institution was thereupon imme diately launched, and in a very short time neared the brig, which was found ashore on the Ledge. The Liverpool steamtug Napoleon was near the wreck, and the master informed the coxswain that he had saved five of the crew in two trips by veer ing a small boat down to the brig, but the latter having got so far on the Ledge, and the sea being so tremendously heavy the steamer could not again approach the wreck. The lifeboat was then veered by her own rope attached to the steamer to the lee- AN and of the brig, and succeeded in getting out the other six men. The lifeboat afterwards took off the five men from the steamer, and was then towed by:the tug to the Royal William yard, and the rescued crew taken to the Sailors' Home. The wrecked vessel was the brig Commerzieweathin Haupt, of Mecklenburg, with a cargo of wheat. Naval and Military Intelligence. VALETTA, Nov. 23.—The arrival of H.M.S. Racer, 11, screw corvette, Commander L. Brine, has already been announced. She left Malta on the 16th Oct. for Naples, arrived there on the 19th, and went to Nisida to perform seven days' quarantine. When that period had expired she returned to N aples, arriving there on the 26th. She was despatched next day to Corfu, which she reached on the 30th. After remaining at anchor 48 hours, during which time the Gibraltar, 81, Capt. R. Coote, arrived from Naples, she left for Cephalonia. The Gibraltar met a very heavy squall off Stromboli on her passage from Naples. In 30 seconds she lost her main and crossjack yards, sprung the maintopsailyard, split the mainsail, maintopsail, mizentopsail, spanker, jib, and topmaststay sail—in fact, all the sail on her at the time, except the foresail and foretopsail. There was great discontent at Corfu, arising from three causes—the partial failure of the crops, espe cially the currant crop, the changes of the Ministry at Athens, and the losses experienced by the smaller traders and employe's in consequence of the cession of the lonian Islands. The British Consul consi dered the presence of a man-of-war necessary for the safety of the Bank and other public property. There were four Italian vessels of war in Corfu (three of them ironclads), under the command of a rear-admiral. The Racer arrived at Argostoli on the 4th of Nov., and although no disturbance had taken place, fears were entertained that in the event of a rising in the other islands a sympathetic movement would probably occur there. Leaving the following day for Zante, she arrived at that island late the same evening, and found that the prevailing discon tent was owing chiefly to the currant crop having produced much below the average of former years. She left on the 6th inst., and arrived at Malta on the 12th, having experienced from the time of her leaving Naples on the 27th of the previous month a continuance of very wet and squally weather. The Firefly, 5, paddlewheel surveying vessel, Comman der G. R. Wilkinson, left on the 18th inst. to com plete the survey of the south coast of Tunis—pas senger, Lieut. Lindley, Ist battalion 22d Regiment. The Surprise, 4, Commander G. Tyron, left Malta on the 21st inst. for the lonian Islands, taking with her despatches for the telegraphic steamer Hawk. The Royal Oak, 35, ironclad, Capt. F. A. Campbell, was admitted into the dry dock on the 20th inst. to have her sides pierced with additional scuttles, and to be cleaned. Her crew have been temporarily made over to the Hibernia, receiving ship. The Pelican, 17, Com mander It. P. Cator, left this morning to attend on the telegraph steamer Hawk, on the coast of Ben gazi. The Mediterranean squadron is at present distributed as follows :—Malta Harbour—The Vic toria, 102 (bearing the flag of Vice-Admiral Sir It. Smart, K.C.8., K. 11.); the Hibernia, receiving ship (bearing the flag of Rear-Admiralll. Kellett, C. 8.); the Orlando, 46; the Royal Oak, 35; the Terrible, 21; the Phcebe, 35; the Cossack, 20; the Racer, 11; the Assurance, 4; the Psyche, 2, despatch vessel ; the Cockatrice, 2; the Wizard, 2; the Tyrian, 1; the Megwra, 4, screw storeship; the Azoff, sailing ten der, and the Hearty, tug. Of the above ships three have received orders to sail to-day—the Orlando, for Gibraltar; the Phoebe, for Corfu; and the Cos sack, for Athens. The Piraeus—The Meeanee, 60. The lonian Islands—The Gibraltar, 81 (to be re lieved by tho Terrible as soon as the defects of the latter are made good); the Chanticleer, 17; and the Surprise, 4. Syracuse—The Caledonian, 31, iron clad, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral 11. R. Yel verton, C. 8.; the Resistance, 16, ironclad; and the Enterprise, 4, ironclad. South Coast of Tunis—The Firefly, 5, surveying steamer. Gibraltar—The Pro cris, 1, and the Itedpole, tug. Expected at-Malta from Marseilles--The Caradoc, 2, despatch vessel. The iron cased screw corvette Favorite, 10, 2,094 tons, 400 horse power ,is complete in her fitting aloft, and will be out of the shipwrights' hands by the end of the present month. There will be, however, some delay before she is fit for sea, in consequence of her armament being still undecided on. According to orders received at the Ordnance Department, Chat ham, she is intended to carry guns of large calibre, but the description is not stated. The paddlewheel steamerßarracouta, 6, 300 horse power, fitting for the first division of the Steam Re serve in the Medway, has received her armament on board from the gun wharf, Chatham, consisting of one 110-pounder, one 12-pounder, one 9-pounder, and one 6-pounder rifled Armstrong ; one 7-inch and four 32-pounder smooth bores, together with two brass field pieces. The heavy wrought-iron gun carriage and slide invented and brought forward by Lieut.-Colonel Shaw, R.A., and manufactured in his department —the Royal carriage branch of Woolwich Arsenal —was yesterday tested at the proof butt in the arsenal marsh. The trial was witnessed by au un usual number of superior officers of both services, among whom were the following : Major-Gen. E. C. Warde, C.B. (commanding the garrison), and Staff ; Capt. Williams, Aide-de-Camp ; Capt. Nangle, Deputy-Assist. - Quartermaster- General ; Colonel Anderson, C. 8., Col. Gardner, Col. Crofton,Lieut.- Col. Mackinnon, Lieut.-Col. Childs, Lieut.-Col. Du Plat, Major Lucan, Major Ord, Capt. Ander s_o_n, R.A., Capt. In g li s , R.E., M a j or P a ll i sser , 18th hitursssarst, it.. , 7modore Dunlop, C. 8., Capt. Wilms- Capt. Connolly, R.N. Capt. Caffin, Director Cl*N of " AiStdorees-de-Camp to the Queen, and Naval and a great number of other officers, interested in the development of the system f u wrought-iron equipments and the nove l me th o d g einctroduced by Col. Sh aw t o di spense s o o r h o t u t g o h b tirul e with the necessity of the Present roomy anddanger- Due port-holes. The gun, weighing 121 tons, 1 having been mounted on the carriage before leaving the arsenal, was conveyed to the proof-butt by means of a large carriage made for that purpose, the wheels of which are lift. 6in. height. n ie weight of the carriage and slide was stated to be 41 tons, making a total of 161 tons. The gun, o ne of the new Woolwich species, termed the " Somerset gun," is supported on the armpits of the carriage by the ordinary kind of trunions shortened, and is moved and pointed by its own gravity, without pivotting or other support. The gun was fired three rounds, with charges of 401 b of powder and 3001 b. shot. Ac the first round the breeching or check chain, intended to assist the compressors, gave way, and having been examined by Mr. Childs, the mas s ter smith, who was in attendance, the breakage was found to have been occasioned by defective welding in one of the links. The compressors were then tight ened to the max i mum po i nt, an d t h e exper i mental trial continued. The result was pronounced to be a complete success. The recoil in the first round :3 was measured a t 7ft. 6in., the second round 4ft. 8 in. and th e t hi rd 4ft. in., the latter being precisely the space between the muzzle and the port required by the gunners for the operation of load ing, &c. It will be rendered self-acting bymachinery now in progress, and expected to be shortly ready for use. Before the departure of the visitors Col. Shaw was warmly congratulated on the success of his invention and the issue of the trial. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NO 28, 1865. their own. The absence of any sign of life and of vegetation along a great part of the west coast was most depressing, but the party gallantly pursued their way, and at length arrived at Port Adelaide, where they felt delighted at coming again within the range of civilised life. The paper was in the nature of a diary, and it was so long that a large portion of it was necessarily omitted. Sir CHARLES NICHOLSON made some observations on the suitableness of Queensland for colonisation, and on the extreme fertility and beauty of its east coast, which contrasted remarkably with that of the west. In his opinion a meridian line at 150 deg. of •longitude would divide that vast territory into habitable and uninhabitable parts, most cf the eastern portion being eminently adapted for occupation by a civilised population ; while the western seemed incapable of profitable occupation. After a few observations from Captain Richards and the president, the meeting adjourned. Law Amendment Society. Last night at one of the usual meetings of the society a paper was read by Mr. Thomas Webster, Q.C., F.R.S., on the subject of the Palace of Jus tice, the site, approaches, and arrangements of the courts of law and offices of judicature. After ex pressing his opinion that the site of the new courts was well adapted for the purpose, and afforded the means of being subservient to one of the greatest metropolitan improvements that this or any other country ever witnessed, the author proceeded to argue that separation or isolation from the general traffic of the metropolis was essential to the deve lopment of the advantages which concentration would give. The mere concentration of the courts of law, with the termini of the great metropolitan lines of railway converging upon them, would lead to an immense influx of persons, and would greatly add to the inconveniences which were already found to exist from theinsufficiency of the means of accom modating the traffic. In order to obviate this in convenience, Mr. Webster advocated the construc tion of subways from the new Thames Embankment on the south side of the Palace of Justice, and the utilising of Temple-bar by converting it into a via duct, for the same purpose. On the north side a similar subway might be constructed under the Hol born-street level, in the neighbourhood of Warwick court, for the use of those who lived in Gray's-inn and Bedford-row. The writer laid great stress on the desirability of isolating the courts from the general traffic of the metropolis. He dwelt at length on the general divisions and internal arrangements of the new building, and while advocating the principle that all persons interested in a cause should be brought into easy communication with each other, this should be done without leading to disorder or confusion. Increased facilities should be afforded not only to judges and counsel and solicitors, but to - witnesses, short-hand writers, and reporters. Around the great hall there should be 18 courts with their distinct appurtenances, and with easy access to the general hall. The paper went with great minuteness, and at the same time with great distinctness, into the consideration of the internal arrangements, and left scarcely any class of persons connected with the administration of the law uncared or unpro vided for ; but in the discussion, or rather conver sation which ensued, the greatest stress was laid on the suggestion of isolating, as far as possible, the new courts of law from the general traffic. The paper was much applauded. In the course of the discussion which ensued, Mr. Snell, the senior short-hand writer of his profession, referred to the many difficulties under which shorthand writers and reporters at present laboured from the existing want of accommodation. He stated that an Institute of Shorthand Writers had lately been formed, and that he would communicate to that body the careful con sideration Mr. Webster had given in his scheme to their accommodation and general interests, for which in their name he begged to thank the learned gentleman. Probably any additional suggestions they might have to offer would be kindly received I and considered. The thanks of the meeting were given, on the motion of Mr. Lawrence, to Mr. Webster ; and on the motion of Mr. Hastings the paper was ordered to be printed and circulated, and a copy of it sent to the Royal Commissioners. Mr. Daniel, Q.C., occupied the chair. Royal Geographical Society. __,_ Yesterday evening the special ordinary meeting of the session of this society was held at Burlington House—the presilgnt, Sir Roderick Murchison, in the chair. The PRESIDENT opened the proceedings by ex pressing his great regret that disastrous accounts had been received of two expeditions ih Africa which had for some time past been looked to with great interest. In the first place the expedition of Baron Vander Deccar, from the east coast of Africa into the interior, had come to an end. The baron had, on previous explorations from Zanzibar, discovered the highest mountain in Africa, Kalhnanjaro,which, though within the tropics, was covered with perpe tual snow. He undertook a further exploration in two boats provided and fitted at his own cost, in which he endeavoured to penetrate to Central Africa by ascending the river, but information had just been received that both the boats had foundered, and the baron and his party had been obliged to return. The other expedition wasthat of his gallant friend M. Du Chaillu, who; as was well known, undertook to penetrate Africa from the western coast by land. lie had encountered many difficulties before he started, having lost all his instruments by the upsetting of a boat, and he had to wait until fresh instru ments could be sent to him. In the meantime he had employed himself assiduously in collecting gorillas, insects, and other objects of natural history which he had forwarded to the British Museum. The ex ploration was undertaken at his own cost, he having devoted the money obtained by the publication of his book to that purpose. For some time it was hoped he would succeed in his object, but the small pox having afflicted the negroes in the interior they attributed the disease to him. Hence they became very hostile and he was forced to return, having been twice wounded and been plundered of nearly all his property. He had succeeded, however, in pre serving his astronomical observations. The president read a telegram ho had that day received from M. Du Chaillu, from Plymouth, announcing his arrival in this country, and that he should probably be in London that evening. Three papers on Australia were then read in suc cession. The first described an overland journey from Rockhampton to Cape York, by Messrs. Jar dine, who set out for the purpose of taking a supply of cattle to the colonists at Cape York. The journey occupied about 12 months, during which time the two brothers, both young men, suffered great hard ships from thedifficulty of cuttingtheir way through the bush and of crossing lagoons and large and deep rivers ; and they were several times attacked by the natives, armed with spears. Most of the horses and cattle died on the journey, some of them having been stung by poisonous snakes. The appearance of the country ger erally seemed far from favourable for settlement, thoughmillions of acres of rich-look ing soil were seen on table land at a great elevation at one part of their progress. The second paper gave an account of the discovery of a route between Rockingham Bay and the Valley of Lagoons, by Mr. Dalrymple. The difficulty of effecting a pas sage across the ridge of mountains near the coast was described to be almost insurmountable, except ing by taking advantage of occasional gaps through which water-courses traverse to the sea. Rockingham Bay, where the settlement of Card well has been established, was represented to be the finest bay, with the exception of Port Jackson, along the whole coast of Australia, and the natural ad vantages of the situation were said to be very great, but an immense amount of labour seems to be re quired to clear away the impenetrable masses of mangroves that everywhere abound. Mr. Dalrymple underwent many hardships in his exploration, but he succeeded in making his way inland to a distance of about 100 miles. The foregoing paper had been rsmielnillete miles h o ailr t o l d : e gp s at o ph e ee i r e n t c y loers b tel y lr i t ab h : e dd G wa o e v sb e to r a n cto o r asv o o ty f aog Q f e ueenslan d. Australia, 1 , 6 00 by Mr. Stow. It appears that Mr. Stow was one of a party of settlers at Port Adam, on the north-west coast of Australia, and, some dissensions having arisen among them, he and a few others purchased a boat from the captain of a ship, and sailed west wardsome le a r c e e in the expectation ofhaerrrving at expectations sonic place where where they could settle. T however, grievously disappointed. Th e coast was completely desolate, the shore and the isl an d s rose perpendicularly in most parts, rendering navigation extremely dangerous, and more than once their boat was nearly upset. Their food ran short, and they were in danger of starving, when they reached a small settlement at Port Camden, but the position of the settlers was not much better than An American Railway. A correspondent of the Anglo-American Times writes as follows : Away up in the Alleghanies a little rill gushes forth, so small that an ox could drink it dry ; trickling down the rocks it increases as it travels on, till finally it spreads itself out into a mighty river which rolls its treasures into the lap of Old Ocean and becomes a part of it. So, I re member, the Atlantic and Great Western Railway was com menced, four years ago, at Salamanca, in the State of New York. It was a feeble line when I first knew it, but twenty-seven miles in length, and ran but one passenger train a day. But under the exhilarating influence of British gold, aided by the far-seeing sagacity of a PETO and a 3111Esnir, and the engineering skill of a KINNAIRD, it has been rapidly extended, until now it is one of the great leading railways of America, forming an important link in that iron chain of railways which already stretches half way across the Continent, and which, when the Great Pacific Road is completed, will bind indissolubly together the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. A road destined to play so important a part in the future is surely entitled to a history by itself. In my last article I reviewed the Erie and Illinois Central Railways. I propose this week to trespass on your space with a brief account of the Atlantic and Great Western. Although no road in the United States was so quickly built, no road is more substantially made. No expense has been spared in tho construction of cars, station houses, machine shops, or in the grading of its broad bed ; but to the traveller its elegant passenger cars, palatial dining halls—unequalled in any part of the world —and the promptness and speed of the trains, render it a most pleasant road to ride over, and so well is this fact becoming known in America that many go out of their way, and are actually put to extra expense in order to en joy the luxury of the superior accommodations of this rail way. But to particulars. The Atlantic and Great Western Railway leaves Salamanca, where it connects with the Erie by an unbroken six-foot gauge, 412 miles from New York as its eastern terminus, and passes through the heavily-timbered countyof Cattaraugus, thence through rich pasture and dairy lands to Jamestown, New York. Leaving this enterprising and growing town of 5,000 inhabitants,it passes along the banks of that beautiful lake, which lies a sparkling jewel set in between the green hills of the ever fertile Western New York—Lake Chatanqua, I mean— the highest sheet of navigable water on the face of the globe, anda sight well worth a trip across the Atlantic to see. Pro ceeding westward, we cross the State line, which divides the Empire State from Pennsylvania, 60 miles from Sala manca, and arrive at Corry, the first place of any note in the last-named State. Like Minerva, who jumped from the head of Jove, this town sprang into existence almost in an instant. Four years ago a dense forest stood, and not a home was to be seen, where now there is a young city of 10,000 inhabitants, with a mayor, an opera house, a daily newspaper, and all the institutions pertaining to cities. What has wrought this change ? Simply the mar riage of three railroads, which were made to intersecteach other at this particular point, some three years ago, viz., the Oil Creek, the Philadelphia and Erie, and the Atlantic and Great Western Railways. Corry is but 25 miles from the celebrated Oil Wells, and the principal business of the roads connecting at thispoint is the transportation of petro leum. Leaving Corry, and proceeding 40 'miles further on into the heart of Western Pennsylvania, we come to Meadville, a thrifty town of 8,000 inhabitants. Here are located the extensive locomotive and machine shops of the Atlantic and Great Western Railway ; also its principal offices, and the celebrated M'Henry House, owned by the railway company, and one of the finest hotels in the country. Here also the Franklin and Oil Creek branch of the Atlantic and Great Western commences, and at the distance of 33 miles taps the great oil region of Oil Creek and Pitt Hole, where oil is spouted up out of the ground at the rate of 10,000b1s. a clay, to be barrelled and sent off fur the illumination of the world. The rail way of which I am speaking has the monopoly of the carrying business of petroleum. But leaving the oil regions at Meadville, we soon enter the granary of Autealc,t, the noble State of Ohio. Hero, travelling for 200 miles through countless wheat fields, and alongside or in sight of scores of pretty villages, surrounded by a thickly-settled agricultural people, the Atlantic and Great Western Rail way proceeds westward, at different points forming important connections with no less than thirteen other rail roads, till its western terminus is reached at Dayton, Ohio —a populous city of 40,000 inhabitants, having the best water-power in the State, and being the seat of extensive flouring mills. From Dayton the Atlantic and Great Western Railway connects by other roads with Cleveland, on lake Erie, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, and all the great cities in the north-west; while by e. broad gauge track of 60 miles, south-west from Dayton, is the splendid city of Cincinnati with her 200,000 inhabitants. Here con nections are made with the Kentucky Central, which pene trates into the heart of that beautiful country—the garden-spot of America—viz., the Blue Grass regions of Kentucky. At Cincinnati, also, important connections are made with the fast steamers that incessantly plough the Ohio and the Mississippi from New Orleans to Pitts burgh. But by far the most important connection the Atlantic and Groat Western Railway makes at - Cincinnati is with the Olin and Mississippi Railway, which connects St. Louis on the Mississippi with Cincinnati on the Ohio, and which will soon connect the last-named city with San Francisco via the Groat Pacific Railway, which has its eastern terminus at St. Louis. It is impossible to over-estimate the importance of the Pacific Road. Under Government patronage, it is being rapidly pushed forward, opening up as it advances those inexhaustible gold and silver fields, and those almost boundless prai►ies and timber lands, which stretch for twenty-eight hundred miles over a region now com paratively luninhabited. But infinitely more important than these developments, the Pacific Road, when com pleted, will give to America the monopoly of the carrying business between China and Europe, the rich commerce of the 400 millions who inhabit the celestial land. Already a gigantic line of Ocean steamers has been started between Pekin and California. The route to Europe from China and the Indies is Several thousand miles nearer this way than by any other. And when the Great Pacific Road is completed, who can estimate the business that must naturally come to it? The commerce of all Europe as well as America with China will soon be changed to this new route. But, asks some one, What has China to do with the Atlantic and Great Western Railway ? It has every thing to do with it. The Atlantic and Great Western Rail way is the most important link in that grand chain of rail roads which is destined to connect New York and Liver pool and London and Paris with California on the Pacific, and the far distant China and Inches of the East. Here we have, then, a road which, with its branches, is over 600 miles in length, built in the short space of four years, and doing a business already of £7O por mile a week (earnings unprecedented in a road so young), costing only about one-=fifth as much as railways in England'of the same length (but a trifle has to be paid for the right of way in America), and earning almost as much per mile as some of the best English railways. But what will its earnings be in that glorious future now opening up in that great and expanding country in which it is located ? The Atlantic and Great Western Railway runs through a rich and prosperous country, constantly increasing in population—a population whose business alone would support a road built so cheaply as this. But, in addi tion, the road is intersected by no loss than twenty other important railways, all of which bring business to the roads loading into New York. New York city may be said to be the lungs of America —it draws in and sends out the blood of the nation. It is the great money centre—the shipping centre—the foun tain-head of commerce. The centre of gravity in America is in New York. The business of all the States, north, east, south, and west gravitate to and from, and is regu lated by this great centre. When the metropolis is agi tated its throbs are heard and felt in every hamlet in the land. And those railroads that have direct connections with Now York, like the Atlantic and Great Western Railway, the Erie, and New York Central, can never fail to have ull the business they desire. The Atlantic and Great Western is a great and a noble monument to the sagacious Englishmen who built it. With a grand track of 400 miles there are a score of feeders to the main line —each feeder a powerful arm in the service. With one arm she draws in the rich freight from a thousand gushing oil wells in Petrolia ; with another she soon will reach across the International Bridge over Niagara, and shake hands with the Canadas, supplying them with the coal that cold country so much needs ; with another a:rm she gathers in the copper and other ores of Lake Superior; with another she touches the five-fold chain of northern lakes—lakes covered with the white birds of commerce. She stretches out another arm, and millions of corn and wheat are transported eastward ; and still another pierces the coal beds and iron mines of the Keystone State. The cattle from a thousand hills are transported over this road. Her ramifications extend to the lordly Mississippi and the swelling Ohio ; and her long arms draw in business from all over the great West. To conclude, Mr. Editor, the time is not far distant when the traveller, seated in an Atlantic and Great Western carriage, can cross the Continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific without change of cars I drawn by the great pioneer of the age, the Iron Horse, with his tramp of thunder and breath of fire. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TlMES.—Autumn seems marked out by nature as the season of economy, if not of penitence. The leaves begin to fall, and November's blasts blow chill, and we have had enough of outing and en joyment and are not disinclined for repose. The jollity of summer is over, and the jollity of Christ mas is still a thing of the future, so: between the two we snatch a brief period for reflection, for vows of amendment, and for plans of retrench ment. This, at all events, is the regular course of political life. The activity of our own Govern ment about November is astonishing ; the rumours of important measures which are to be brought forward in the ensuing session come so thick and fast that the most resolute Reformer is at last fain to cry, " Hold, enough." But, active as we are at home, we are far outdone by our contemporaries abroad. When did November ever come without some munificent promises that the expenditure of France should be forthwith reduced ? There is a regular comedy played at this season between the iloniteur and two or three of the semi official journals at Paris, which is now so familiar to us that we all know it by heart. Some ardent young disciple of the Empire boldly announces in an authoritative way that the national expenditure is to be lessened by millions ; another, with equal boldness, utters some mystical sentences about loyalty to: the army and the material interests of the brave men who devote themselves to the glory of France, and then the Monitear steps in, mildly re proving the excessive zeal of the first and the timidity of the second, and prophesies that the Imperial plans when published will show at the same time a great reduction of taxation and an improvement of the condition of the soldier. Unluckily, just before the full details of this happy arrangement are made known to an inquiring people, news arrives of some untoward complications in Madagascar or New Caledonia, and the magnificent result is a diminu tion of a whole half million upon an expenditure of ninety millions to be brought into full operation the year after next. There is, however, one European Government which in November is facile princeps in penitence. Our relations for the future are good, the intentions of the Imperial Government are above suspicion, Signor Sella thinks seriously how he may be able to pay his way another twelvemonth, but the Turkish Government is far above us all in promises of amendment. November is the financial Ramadan of the Sublime Porte. Government, even in Turkey, cannot be carried on without money ; there are soldiers to be paid, official salaries to be provided for, greedy creditors insisting upon their bonds, and when besides all this some demon has whispered to the Sultan " Have a taste," whether for palaces or fortifications, money is apt to be in demand. Experience shows that the pressure comes in November. The financial year of Turkey properly begins in March, but bit by bit it has been found possible to defer all financial plansfrom March to November, or even December. Sometimes one plea is advanced for the delay, sometimes another, the last being that budgets published six months after the year has begun mustalways be more trustworthy than these published in advance. It never appears to have struck the Grand Vizier that this would be an excellent reason for postponing his budget till after the year was over ; and, indeed, it must be said in his defence that he never gives the world any account of the past. Like a true Islamite, he regards whatis done as done, and does not concern himself about it. His estimates are always hypothetical and future, always show a surplus, and you may search Turkish State papers in vain to discover whether the pro mised surplus has ever been realised. The report of the year 1859-60, which Mr. Foster and Lord Ho bart made when sent out as special commissioners by the present Prime Minister, is the last statement of facts which has been made anywhere. Thatshowed an expenditure of £11,088,000, against an income of £9,711,000, or a deficiency of - £1,377,000, and there is no reason to suppose the deficiency has ever been reduced. The financial operations in which Turkey has since engaged give, on the contrary, seine ground for believing that the deficiency has some what increased. Nevertheless, regularly asNovember comes round, there appears an official prognostica tion of the coming year, beautiful but delusive as the dreams of life. There is a show of accuracy about it which would be enchanting if it could only be de pended upon, and the surplus is circumstantially stated at 36,518 purses, 274 piastres, as if purses and piastres would not both turn into mere dead leaves. And this valuable budget is always prefaced with some solemn dissertation on the resources of Turkey. A. few weeks before it makes its appearance a Minis terial report or an official pamphlet is issued, like the premonitory symptoms of the French Budget which may be found in the .3lonite or La France. Last year there was an elaborate attempt to prove that the surplus of the preceding budget had been realised, only there had been a delay in getting in the receipts, and a temporary loan was necessary as a means of getting over the temporary i difficulty. A conversion of the -Consolisles followed, accompanied by some trifling additional accommo dation to the Government of the Sultan, which we do not understand has yet been repaid. 'I he other day we published another valuable document, which may be regarded as the preface to the budget of 1865-6, an possibly to some further financial ope ration. The language of this paper, which is in the form of a report made to the Sultan by the Grand Vizier, is somewhat obscure, and we have to pick our way through it with hesitation ; but this fault I is, perhaps, attributable to the Levantine translator. It does, however, contain some statements which are perfectly intelligible, but very startling. The Sultan is told that the result of the annual publica tion of budgets has been a considerable reduction in the expenditure and an increase not less important in the revenue of the Empire. The Sultan may, perhaps, believe this statement, but it is so com pletely at variance with the estimates published by successive Grand Viziers that we hardly know what to say about it. They always made out that the expenditure increased yearly, and the periodical re currence of loans seemed to confirm their estimates. We must either disbelieve Fuad Pasha or his predecessors, nor is the difficulty entirely got over by the subsequent explanation that there is some little backwardness in the coming in of receipts, and that a deficiency has hence arisen, which causes difficulties to the Imperial treasury without any real deficit in the budget. This explanation, which is a mere repetition of last year's statement, explains what is meant by an increasing income, because it is an income which increases only upon paper, but it leaves us still in the dark how it can be said that an expenditure which both on paper and in fact is increasing has been diminished. This much, however, is certain, that there has been a deficiency in the past year through this strange backwardness on the part of the collectors of the revenue to keep up to the promises of the budget, and that in the current year the known falling off of produce, and the disturbances which have followed in all trans actions the ill effects, both moral and material, of the late epidemic, have embarrassed and will em- Ibarrass the proceedings of the Treasury. Something must be done. In the language of Fuad Pasha, there is " alnecessity of a great number of measures of serious amelioration" to establish an equilibrium be tween the income and expenditure of the Ottoman Empire. There can be no doubt, he says, that the actual expenses of the State are reduced to the limits assigned by strict necessity ; in fact, he adds, the real necessities of the public service require that they should be largely augmented—an apparent contradiction which is pardonable in the impetuosity of a patriot. On the other hand, Fuad Pasha looks upon it as equally certain that the revenue of Turkey might be easily doubled or trebled, and he therefore recommends the appointment of a Coun cil whose duty it shall be to develope the resources of the Empire, to turn its materialwealth to account, to utilise the forests, the mines, and the other pro perties of the State, calling in for that purpose, if necessary, the aid of Turkish and foreign capital —in a word, to extract wealth from a stone, and squeeze something more out of the unfortunate Rayahs of Turkey. And the Father of the Faith ful, falling in with the views of Fuad Pasha, has accordingly nominated a Council which shall un dertake these solemn functions and complete the oft-promised task of restoring order to the finances of Turkey. The hint that foreign capital might be advantageously employed in developing the re sources of Turkey probably explains the motive of the formation of this last Council. Otherwise it might not be easy to detect the reason of the frequent changes in the financial administration of Turkey. It is no longer ago than Jan., 1862, that an organic change took place, and this was scarcely perfected when, in July, 1863, a Council of Accounts was appointed in place of the Council of Control, and now a third Council is brought into existence, having much the same functions as its predecessors. No doubt the finances of Turkey require a good deal of regeneration, and no doubt, also, foreign capital is a necessary element in regenerating them, which this new council will probably be able, under more or less onerous conditions, to obtain. There are plenty of banks and societies, Credits Foncier and Credit Companies having money to lend, and we believe as we write a new Bank of Turkey is being launched into existence. Nowhere are for tunes more easily lost or 'won than in Turkish secu rities ; as long as they last the interest they pay is magnificent, and by-and-by it will be sauve qui pent. Those who do not feel this pecuniary interest in the policy which Turkey is pursuing cannot but see that it is rapidly 'working the ruin of the Empire. It is scarcely ten years since Turkey had no foreign debt, but familiarity with the Bourses of Europe has been to Grand Viziers like fire-water to the Red Indians. The total debt of Turkey is now not less than sixty millions, and the annual charge in curred by it bears a very considerable proportion to what was the whole revenue of the Empire before the Crimean War. It is obvious that this is a pro gress which Councils must be impotent to arrest, and which can only have one result. HERALD.—Mr. Jefferson Davis is not, it appears, so near pardon and release as recent flattering accounts from America led us to hope. He still languishes in the melancholy casemates of Fortress Monroe—a prisoner, not by the will of President Johnson, but through the political difficulties with which Mr. Lincoln's successor has to contend. Grave enough are these difficulties when we consider that they emanate rather from the advisers he found ready to his hand than from the ferocious section of the populace who made an idle clamour for the hanging of Jefferson Davis and Captain Wirz on the same gallows. There is confusion in the Yankee Cabinet —mutiny, indeed, in the Government camp •, and the question whether Jefferson Davis shall be tried by a jury or by a military commission, or whether his trial shall be put off for the decision of Congress, is one on which the President, Mr. Stan ton, and Mr. Chase fight a triangular duel, sad enough for the principal concerned. Mr. Stanton is, it seems, favourable to a military commission for bringing Jefferson Davis to account ; and a military commission would, without doubt, either hang the unfortunate man, or condemn hun to such a long course of imprisonment as would in effect be a capi tal penalty. This proceeding is, we are told, alto gether repugnant to the feelings of President John son and the more substantial and sober citizens of the Republic. They do not desire to see Jefferson Davis suffer the fate of Captain Wirz ; nor do they wish him to meet a civil death in that gloomy for tress which points towards the land he hoped to emancipate from Northern control. They would have him tried by a civil court, and as the offence he is accused of was committed in Virginia, Presi dent Johnson has called upon Chief Justice Chase to hold a circuit court in that district for the trial of Jefferson Davis " during the autumn or early winter." In effect, the President has done this by asking the Chief Justice whether it would be " possible" for him, or any of his associates, to pre side over such a circuit court, that the Government might " prosecute some high crimes and misde meanors committed against the United States within the district of Virginia." This is plain enough. Pre sident Johnson and the moderate party desire to leave the decision of Jefferson Davis's guilt or inno cence to a jury taken from a Southern panel, which, in the opinion of the United States Attorney Gene ral, of Mr. Caleb Cushing, and no doubt of the President himself, would be tantamount to an acquittal of the so-called " arch-traitor." They— the Attorney General and Mr. Cushing—reasonably enough assert that no Southern jury would convict Jefferson Davis; and so the President walks upon tender ground when he proposes such a tribunal for the gaol delivery of the distinguished Southerner. He meets, too, with the decided opposition of Chief Justice Chase, who, even with the responsibilities of his high office upon him, cannot forget that he is a Radical politician of the most " advanced" tenden cies. In answer to the President's inquiry, Mr. Chase pleads two obstacles to the holding of a circuit court for the trial of these " high crimes and misdemeanors." The first is, that the civil pro cess should not interfere with the course of mar tial law in the revolted States ; the second, that " there would be no time for the transaction of any business of moment." To English ears, the former excuse will seem very like a degra dation of the civil court below the military tri bunal ; a scandalous plea, indeed, on the part of the Chief Justice to avoid his duties for the sake of satisfying his political rancour. As to the excuse of " no time for the transaction of any business of moment," that, in such a case as the trial of a prisoner who has languished for so many months in gaol is a gross and ridiculous device indeed. But these facts will show the awkward position in which President Johnson finds himself placed. His voice for mercy, or at least for a fair trial of Jefferson Davis by a jury of hig countrymen. He urges on such a trial ; he pleads for its occurrence in the " autumn or early winter," and so poorly is he served, that a political Chief Justice answers him by an opposition founded on what we cannot help looking at as a complete derogation of his judicial functions. In older societies, where we are apt to regard the civil power as the palladium of our liber ties, such a reply as President Johnson has received from Chief Justice Chase would be met by general reprobation, while the man who had written it would be deemed unworthy to sit on the judicial bench. But unhappily in America things are diffe rent. There party politics canker the very foun tain head of what should be justice ; and the Presi dent, in - addressing his chief law °lncur, is addrcrim ing a man who has his own political interests to serve, and who, while sitting in the Supreme Court, has a keen eye to his chance of occupying the Pre sidential chair. With this feeling he proposes the delay of Jefferson Davis's trial till it can be decided upon by a Congress in which Northern proclivities are in the ascendant and the South is as yet prac tically unrepresented ; and he pretends to a fear that it circuit' court held in a district under martial law , would .be overawed by the military power, and thus be involved in an " unbecoming" proceeding. This, then, is why Jefferson Davis still lies a prisoner in Fortress Monroe. He is the victim of Northern divisions • and President Johnson, in the present state of affairs, either wants the hardihood, or lacks the substantial power, to bring him to trial, or to take the plainer or more arbitrary course of granting him a free and _ immediate pardon. "The chief of the state is hampered by his Cabinet, his Chief Justice, and a certain section of his people. He has around him a set of men who watch his every movement with a view to his slips and to their chances of future advancement. He would be mer ciful, but he cannot. He would do justice, but the ill-placed representative of justice pleads the old Popish formula of non possumus. This is a very lamentable state of things, difficult to understand in countries where the purity of the ermine is a source of national pride, and where judges would stand aghast at the idea of martial law usurping their functions in a peaceful state. The South is no doubt sufficiently crushed and conquered. " Rebels" have been pardoned by thousands • and the Southern people are resuming their ordinary avocations, with the simple comment of " God's will be done." They have yielded to the full, and martial law is wasted upon them in their dire ex tremity. And yet we have a Chief Justice of the United States pleading the supremacy of military power as a bar to the exercise of his proper duties. Witlr the consent of Mr. Chase, Jefferson Davis would now be upon his trial and the Government be relieved of a crying scandal. His prison doors would be opened to free him for ever, or to close again upon him as a convicted traitor. He would, at least, be receiving the weed that justice awards in all constitutional European societies. But Chief Justice Chase says, " No." He has not time to try this distinguished prisoner. If he had time he thinks that it would not become him to exercise his jurisdiction. And, in the end, he prefers to leave the matter to a Congress composed chiefly of the ene mies to the South. Simply put, this is malversa tion of the worst kind. It is playing with a man's life for political purposes; and English notions of justice revolt at it. We have before spoken of Andrew Johnson's humane tendencies ; of his states manlike desire to heal the wounds of distracted America ; of his being, in fact, a much better man than the world thought him to be. He has not, with his undoubted popularity, power to sweep the political self-seekers from his path and to be truly President of the United States. A work that would shed lustre upon his name, and confound his enemies by his boldness, would be the complete pardon of Jefferson Davis, despite Mr. Chase, de spite Mr. Stanton, and the other log-rollers, who dam up the founts of mercy that they may achieve their petty ends or pander to the political passions of their party. Francis Stabenon, a young Prussian with half a dozen aliases, who has been stopping for some time at the Everett House, New York, was arrested on the sth inst. on a charge of being a deserter from the regular army. The prisoner has been received in certain circles as a Prussian nobleman, and has victimised a great many foolish people in large amounts of money by adroit misrepresentations. WHAT CONSTITUTES A BALE OF COTTON ?—.-A cor respondent of the Liverpool Post, signing himself "An 01(1 New Orleans Merchant," writes as follows to that paper : "As there are rumours on 'Change that much of the cotton in the Southern States of America has been packed in. unusually small bales, an important service would be rendered to the whole trade if an authorised statement of the average weight per bale of the American cotton now arriving were published. I have been shown invoices of American cotton recently imported from New York, the average gross weight of which did not exceed 3301b5. per bale. I have heard of many more such invoices, and to day I notice in Bill of Entry of the Liverpool Custom-house No. 14,504, dated Saturday evening, 18th instant, the arrival of the Albina, from New Orleans, with 5,367 bales of cotton, and 320 sacks of cotton seed oil cake, although this vessel is only of 742 tons register. Before the war commenced, when cotton was in all probability both better compressed and also more effectually screwed into the hold of the ship, a vessel of this tonnage could not have carried 2,000 bales of Now Orleans cotton. I think this question is of so much importance to all parties in the trade, that I beg you to publish my letter, in the hope , that by doing so attention may be directed to the subject, and the real state of the case made known." The Confederate Bondholders. (New York _Herald) Certain English financiers are just now agitating an odd question. They suppose that if a rogue steals an honest man's watch and buys a dozen shirts with it, the honest man when he reclaims his watch is the "successor" of the rogue, and can be sued for the shirts. They propose to apply this notion to the case of the United States and that great rogue the Southern Confederacy. Having smashed the rogue, we, they say, are the " successor," and must pay his debts. Doubting the reasonableness of this conclusion, very properly, they have applied to Mr Fleming, Q.C.," to give them his opinion on it. The learned Fleming, having considered the matter with much anxious misgiving, has assured the financiers that they are quite right. We would advise them before they go allY further to consider the two recent letters on this topic of President Johnson—one to the Governor of North Carelina, the other to the Governor of Georgia. Those letters are from a man who can tell more abofit that subject, without any anxiety at all, than Fleming can after puzzling his brains with the most exquisite intellectual torture. (New York Times.) The report of the Committee of Confederate Bondholders which was read to a small meeting of those unfortunates at the London Tavern, on the 18th of October, contains so many extraordinary, and even ludi crous positions, that we hardly know where to begin to discuss them. It opened by setting forth a correspondence with the house of Erlanger and Co., the contractor of the loan, the amount of which was that that shrewd -house announced that it had no property whatever of the rebel Government, or anything else that could help the bond holders. It would seem as if that fact made any further report utterly useless, but the committee seem not to have been at all discouraged by this fact, but proceed with es long a report as if there were millions of property within their reach. Fortified by the opinion of one Mr. Fleming, Q.C.I which they gave at full length, they declared that there is no doubt but that "sooner or later either the United States or the States which lately formed the Confederation will recognise and pay the loan." They could not but feel, however, that Mr. Seward's letter on the decision in the case of the " United States v. S. Prioleau" made the as sumption of it by the United States a most unlikely event, and they attack the letter most sharply, and undertake to teach Mr. Seward a lesson on international law, which reminds one of the proverb—" Teach your grandmother how to suck eggs." Next they regret so much that we should have thrown away so " glorious an opportunity" of establishing our credit in Europe. Really, when our Five- Twenty Bonds are going abroad at tho rate of about million per week, it is ridiculous enough to suggest that we should have paid these "heaters of the poker" for us from any such considerations. Europe does not seem to have been very much "shocked" by our "proclaiming s policy of repudiation," and if it were, what Europe thinks is not of so much consideration here as it was once. COUNTRY MARKETS NORTIIAMPTON—Nov. 25. Our corn market to-day was pretty well supplied with wheat, and the attendance of farmers and factors was feit• Most of the samples exhibited were more or less affected by the daily weather, and for these barely late rates were paid. There was a small supply of barley, but consider able irregularity existed in the quality. The finest sorts at late rates, inferior easier to purchase. The supply of oats was somewhat limited, and a fair amount of busines s was done at rates in favour of the seller. New white wheat, 44s to 52s ; new red, 40s to 47s • old white, 48s to 535; old red, 45s to 50s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 36s to 40s per qr. ; grinding, 26s to 37s per 3 0 stone. Oats, old, 30s to 34s ' • new, 20s to 28s per 24 stoue• Beans, old, 46s to 50s ; new, 36s to 40s per 38 stone. Fo s, 34s to 40s per 36 stone. COLCHESTER—Nov. 25. A fine supply of wheat, but the greater part out of cow dition. Bost samples realised last week's prices, other sorts a slow sale, at some abatement. Fine malting barley fulli as dear, middling qualities rather cheaper. Beans and poll the turn in sellers' favour. Wheat, white 408 Ms Beans, Mazagan......338 3 84 rcd 368 48s Middle and 5ina,11..358 Barley .. 88 408 Peas, white 383 420 Oath.... ...208 258 grey ...368 CHELMSFORD—Nov. 24. A fair supply of wheat, a great proportion of it out o f condition ; best samples were is per qr. cheaper, an I info: rior is to 2s per qr., with a dull sale. Barleys were in great supply, and best sorts were is per qr. cheaper, i n f er ior lg to 2s per qr., with a fair business at those rates. Other things unaltered. Wheat, old white....4ss 52s Peas, Partridge 370 3 9 , 4 new .43s tos White ...3vs 34 ' old red 39 43s B. fling 388 t,!: new. 35$ 39s T d i i c t k, Dun.... ..... 3ls Qv; 8ar1ey..... 298 31s Chevalier 27s 19s Beans, Grind.ng as 68 43 '0 u 1d e ... w .:... - 318 ° .7 3. 1 . new. ...—s Malt... sBs 58s COs Harrow ficks.3.ss --4 Chevalier 608 62a Oats ... 2os 26s new....-8 Mazagan •2 3 373 GRANTHAM—Noy. 25. Old white wheat, 548 to 58s; old red, 48s to 548; ne ° white, 508 to 56s ; new red, 45s to 50s per 36 stone. 1 3 ° - ley for malting, 35s to 39s per qr.; grinding, 288 to 30s ref 30 stone. Oats, old, '2BB to 30s ; new,. 20s to 26s per 2 ' stone. Beans, old, 46s to 508; new, 40s to lls per 88 stone' Pe.o, 35e to 295 per 36 stone. ABERDEIN—Nov. 24 There was a full show of samples at this day's m arket , and prices of everything were the turn in favour of buyer s ' especially berfr and barley. White wheat 38a Od to 45s Od } 621 b bushel' Rea wheat 36s Od to 40s Od Potato oats Common oats 2 2 2 2 5 s 0 6 d d t to o 2 2 2 3 5 s 6 6 d di. Bere 27s 6d to 28s Od 53tb bushel. 40lb V bushel. Barley 27s 6d to 28s 64 Oatmeal 18s Od to 19s Odd boll of 140Ib. Flour, fine 36s Od to 37s Od ? sack of 280 KIRKCALDY—Nov. 25. Good supply of barley and oats, small of wheat. Sale s ready at the prices of this day week. Wheat. Barley. Oats. 46s I'd j 29s Od 1 24s 0.1 L.econd 48s Od j 3os Od 24s 6(1 'Laird 49s Od 321 Od 25s Od COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s s. (1 ' . d. 0 Hartlepool Walls End Haswell— 20 0 Kelloe Carway and Duffryn Tunstall Malting 24 0 Ships at market, 27 ; sold, 27. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton. Deo. 19• Ditto, via Marseilles Deo. 13. Brazil and Cape Verde, by British pat:Let Dec. 4. Ditto, by French packet Deo. 22. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Dee„ 22 China, Penang. and Singapore, via Southampton—Deo. 2. Ditto, via Marseilles Nov. 26 * Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton . Nov. 26• India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.... Dec. 2 Ditto, via Marseilles . • _.....N0v. 2 6 India (Bombay), via Southampton. Nov. 26 • Ditto, via Marseilles .. Nov. 26 Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marsell:ei Newfoundland —4 , Dec 6. - Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon.. United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet Nov. 30. Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton Ditto, ria Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry.. Dec. 1 West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe .. Dec. 11 ' West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico Nov , 24 Cuba and Mexico Nor. 2 !' Bahamas, via New Y ark. Dec. Bermuda, ditto ... Del 2°' The Tinges correspondent, dating from Philad e r : phia, says—The two sets of applicants for loans no! ° I , the American market—the Fenians and the 1d0 1c2 :4 Juarists—meet with very little success. The Governyee", has declared against both of them, but, as scarcely any on has subscribed to either set of bonds, it has not been n ece c i, sary for the authorities to forcibly arrest proceedings ten ing to breaches of American neutrality. Births. a A of FEILDEN.—On the 25th inst., at Witton-park, the vr , - - Lieut.-Col. Robert Feilden, of a son. POWNALL.—On tke 26th inst., at 30, Gower-street , ford-square, the wife of F. H. Pownall, ° daughter. RUMBLE.—On the 26th inst., at Eagle House, Edith-g iv f S.W., the wife of Thomas W. Rumble, Esq., C. ° son. Marriages. :na y, Gooch—Cnosxm—On the 23d inst., at the Holy Tr i -,'",", ) ;1. Westbourne-torrace, Henry Daniel, eldest sou of Gooch, Esq., M.P., of Fulthorpo House, Warwick-ro U. and Clewer Park, Berks, to Mary Kelsall, daug hter Joseph Rodney Croskey, Esq., of High Beech, 135°C ROWLANDSON— T tatNER.-- On the 24th inst., at Tuutu.k.T., Wells, Walter Rowlandson, Lieut. 17th Madras isfy son of Lieut.-Col. M. J. Rowlandson, to Ag nes eldest daughter of the late Richard Turner, ilsckt bridge Wells. gr. . 1 . s‘r. Deaths. ATKEY.—On the 25th inst., at Chichester, Atkey, aged 4 th 1. disf• Bututows.—On e 22d inst., at Ruddington, Notts, -.-' Burrows, Esq., aged 75. q , 0' DICKINSON.—On the 26th inst., at Totnes, the Rev. -. Dickinson, aged 78. fiend DEAKE.—On the 22d inst., at 84, Belgrave -road ' Drake, Esq., aged 14. TreDri GoDwlN.—On the 25th inst., at Darweston , Dorset, Godwin, aged 77. nrlo HEBDEN.—On the 24th inst., at Richmond-greol - John Place Hebden, Esq., aged 72. . • ... _ . 0 .0 - S, London : Printed and Published by WLL L IA 3/ AND.rn is: of No. 112, Strand, Pilnter, at Tits Sys in Oino e e , 7;ty of Strand, in the Precinct of the S‘voY. th C 9-- Mitilesex,—Tuesuay, November 23, 1805. T