The Sun. — London, England, 1848-11-04 00:00:00

name. and sellers are willing to accept rather lower rates. I . lrunj:y is he:tl with firmness, and continues in excellent demand; there are also large deliveries. Cognac, best brands of the vintage of 1846, are held for 4s 10d to ss, 1847 ditto 3s 101 to 4s, inferior marks 3s to 3s 6d, and Bordeaux 2s 2d to 2s 6d. Ge neva ft , r exportation can be purchased at 2s to 2s Id, and for home trade 2s 8d to 3s 6d ; there are few buyers. British made Gin is in excellent demand for home use, and several parcels have been taken for exportation at 3s to 3s 3d per gallon. This afternoon at public sale 73 puns of Penang were taken in at is 4d to Is 5d for good pale. There is still little demand for Rum by private treaty, and prices continue on the decline. FRIIIT.—To-day at auction 2,724 packages of New Imperial French Plums were in part sold—' l chests at 70s, * boxes 755, cartons 4/ lOs to 616. x, ditto 414 s to 6/ 10s, ditto 41 14s to 618 s, k ditto 41 18s to 515 s ;90 chests Prunes 265; 300 boxes of Muscatel Raisins in layers 475, 600 i f boxes 50s to 51s ; 300 baskets dried Apples were withdrawn. gALTPETRE.—To-day a good business was concluded in Rough by private treaty, and 458 bags Calcutta at public sale sold at 24s 6d to 25s for mid grey 6i- per cent refraction, which is the full value. COCHINEAL.—TO• day little disposition was shown to do business in Cochineal at the public sales, which con sisted of 247 bags of Honduras, and a part only sold at 3s 5d to 4s 2d for ord to good silvers, being Id lower, and black was taken in at 5s ld to 5s 4d. TaLLow.—To-day the market was firm for Tallow, and a good demand existed. At public sale 50 casks Odessa went at 44s 3d; 45 hhds of Galatz 40s 3d to 42s 9d, very low 27s to 325; 50 casks of Archangel 41s to 425; 394 pacakages South American 41s 6d to 44s 3d; 44 casks Sydney ordinary and middling 41s 6d to 42s 3d. OlLS.—This afternoon at sale 152 casks Sydney Cocoa Nut sold at 34s to 395; 71 tuns of Sperm sold at 771 to 8115 s for British, and Headmatter 80l ss; 24 tuns Southern 23l 5s to 26/10s, and very low 211. THE CORN TRADE. WAKEFIELD, FRIDAY.--We are well supplied with wheat and barley, and moderate supplies of other ar ticles. There is a fair demand for wheat, and the prices of last week fully supported. Barley realized late prices, but the sale is slow for ordinary qualities. Oats and shelling are without alteration in value. Beans sell in retail and rather cheaper. New. Old. WHEAT, per qr. 8 bushels 601 b s. s. Suffolk, Essex, and Kent, red ... 52 to 55 53 to 56 Ditto, white ... ... 54 —5B 56 —6O Norfolk and Ilunts , red ... 50 —54 51 —54 Ditto, white ... 54 —57 54 —56 Lincolnshire and Cambridge, red. ... 50 —5l 51 —54 Ditto, white ... 54 —57 54 —56 Yorkshire, red ... ... 50 —54 51 —54 Ditto, white ... 53 —57 54 —56 Dantzic and Konigsburg, white .. 56 —6O 55 —GO Lowerßaltic and llamburgh, red... 52 —55 53 —55 Mediterranean, red ... 40 —5O BARLEY, per quarter of 8 bushels: Norfolk and Suffolk... .. 34 37 Lincolnshire and Yorkshire .. 33 37 Grinding per 30 stone ... Foreign. . 32 35 BEANS, per quarter of 8 bushels 631 b : Small, fine ... 33 —36 36 —3B Ticks ... ... ... ... 33 —36 34 —36 Foreign ... ... 33 —35 30 —33 OATS, per stone : Mealing ... ...11d to 12id lid to 121 Feeding ... —lod to lld 10d to lld Foreign ... ..• ...—d to —d 10d to lld SHELLING, per load of 2611 b —2B 30 MALT, per load of 6 imperial bushels PEAS, per Imperial Quarter : Blue and white boilers Grey and Feed 26 - 30 41 - 43 • ••• ------• 37 -40 • ••• - - 34 - 36 ARM Qrs. Wheat ... ... 19,853 Barley ... 4,456 Oats ... ... 1,630 Beans... ... .. 499 AVERAGES FOR TILE Qrs. s. d. Wheat ... 4,550 55 6i Barley ... 799 34 1 Oats... ... 596 23 4 Qrs. Peas ... ..• ••• ...1,040 Rapeseed ... 179 Shelling ... ... 254 Linseed .. •266 'EEK ENDING OCT. 26. Qrs. s. d. Beans ... 212 38 7i Rye .. 14 24 6 LIVERPOOL, Nov. 3.—At this day's market there was a fair attendance of dealers, and a large show of a ll kinds of corn and flour. There was an appearance of more activity in the demand for wheat at the commence ment of business, but it did not continue, and the actual sales were only moderate, without any general improve ment in prices. A large, parcel of American white was sold to a speculator, but the price was not allowed to , transpire. There was very little done in flour, cnd pre vious rates were scarcely supported for either Irish or American. Barley, beans, and peas were all fully as dear, with only a moderate demand. Oats and oatmeal were heavy of sale, and prices were rather easier. There was not much done in Indian corn or meal; and although the best descriptions of yellow were held with firmness for full prices, secondary kinds and white were fully 6431 to Is per 4801bs. cheaper. NEWBURY, Nov. 2.—The supply of wheat to-day was large, but principally composed of the new crop, most of which was extremely damp in hand, and unfit for milling purposes; what little old was in offer, together with the finest new, sold freely at rather improv ing rates, whilst other descriptions were almost unsaleable at very low rates. Barley, in mo derate supply, the demand for which- has been good, and the finest malting descriptions advanced is to 2s per quarter ; other descriptions also a better sale at late rates. Beans, oats, and peas, short supply, and a fair sale at last week's prices. Wheat—Old white, 60 to 63 lbs per bushel, 60s to 66s per quarter; ditto, 59 to 60 Ibs, 56s to 625; new white, 62 to 63 lbs, 58s to 61s; ditto, 60 to 62 lbs, 57s to Gls; old red, 62 to 63 1133, 563 to 64.; ditto, 60 to 62 lbs, 50s to 56e; new red, 63 to 6 5 lbs, 54s to 595; ditto, 60 to 63 lbs, 44s to 525. Barley-- Chevalier, fine new, 52 to 541bs, 32s to 345; ditto, 50 to 52 lbs, 27s to 31s: malting, 50 to 52 lbs, 27s to 31s; grinding, 26s to 28s. Oats—Fine old 24s to 265, new Tartarian 25s to 265, black 25s to 28s, Poland and Dutch 28s to 30s. Beans—Old 44s to 48s,`-new —s to —s. Peas—Boilers 40s to 455, maple 40s to 445, grey 40s to 445. Tares—Winter, 7s to Ss per bushel. Malt —Fine Chevalier 60s to 645, common 52s to 58s, porter 50s per quarter. Flour—Households 41s 8d to 44s Bd, best seconds 40s, inferior and thirds 28s to 30s. Ave rages for the week ending October 28 :—Wheat, 1,200, qrs, 48s 7, 1 2 1; barley, 360 qrs, 32s llhc ; oats, 20 qrs, 20s; beans, 42 qrs, 41s 31d; peas, 7 qrs, 358 per quarter. DEvszEs, Nov. 2.—We had a good supply of Wheat, of which a fair proportion, perhaps a sixth part, was of last year's growth; the best qualities, both old and new, sold at a trifling advance, and in some few instances from is to is 6d a quarter above last week's prices was realized, but this was by no means general; the inferior out of condition Wheats were quite unsaleable; the best new fetched 27s a sack, and the best old 31s; of all in fair condition a good clearance was 'made. Barley was in good supply, more money was asked for it, but last week's prices only could be obtained. In other grain no alteration. Wheat, white, 60s to 64s ; ditto, best red, 56s to 625; ditto, middling ditto, 49s to 555; ditto, inferior ditto, 38s to 48s; Barley, 28s to 38s; Oats, 3 35 to 275; Beans, old, 46a to 48s ; ditto, new, 40s to 445; Peas, 38s to 42s per quarter ; Flour, fine, 45s to 495; Seconds, 41s to 44s per sack. BIRMINGHAM, Nov. 2.—At Gloucester and Worcester markets on the 28th ult. there was an increased supply of wheat, which sold readily, at rather higher prices. Barley unaltered in value. Oats nearly maintained their . value. Eor beans there wa s an i ncrease d d eman d , a nd prices were fully as high. Peas more inquired for. During the present week some quantity of wheat hat changed hands at prices which cc uld not previously 10 obtained. Barley a good deal pressed on the market , and rather lower. White oats fully as dear, but blackare the turn c h ea p er . B eans realize fully as ma ch . money. Fine boiling peas are La th er hi g h er . At dila day's market there was a full supply of wheat, and fine s English rul e d d u ll at i s per quarter over the prices 01 this day se'nnight, but no advance could be obtained on foreign. Barley of all kinds a slow sale, with the turn in favour of the buyer. Oats 6d per quarter cheaper. A large demand for beans at fully - previous rates. re" unaltered. BIRTHS. On the 28th ult., at Grosveno ls rpaxMrs. H . H C. Damson , of a son. On the 31st ult., Mrs. H. Stringer, Leadenhall-street, of a son. On the 31st ult., at the Parsonage,. New Swindon, the lady of the Rev. J. Mansfield, of a daughter. On the Ist inst., at Archbishop TemiNon's Grammar School, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, the wife of the Rev. Philip Hale, of a son. On the 2d inst. ' at Ulster-terrace, :Etegent' s - par k , t h e l a dy of A. Giles, Esq., C.E., of a daughter.. MARRIED. On the 21st ult., at the British 'Consulate Patras, in Greece, Horatio Bronti S u t er, E sq., her Majesty's V ice- Consul at Missolonghi, to Mary Ann, tidest daughter of Mr s ' Wood, of Sandal, near Wakefield. On the 2ath ult., at Moydow rectory, Longford, the 1 1( i., %1 ' Joseph Gree ne , e ld est son of the Right Hon. Richar d `V Greene, to Oli v i a D oug l as, eldest daug,hter of the late C. ~," Johnstone, Esq., M.D., Lodge, county Leitrim. On the 31st ult., at St. Marylebone, Major George Fisher , C. 8., late of the 12th Regiment Bombay Native Infan t4 .'" to Mizs Mary Ann Cater. On the Ist inst., at St. Bride's Church, Francis Stroll! Esq., late of Worcester College, Oxford, to Anne, daughter of T. Warrington, Esq., of Tranmere-hall, Birkenhead. On the 31st ult., at Lyme Regis,. Dorsetshire, Charley eldest son of William Ringer, Esq., f, Laugharne, Cann% thenshire, to Julia, youngest dau g ht er o f T . H. Novi° Esq., of Nelmes-park, Essex. On the 31st ult., at Clapham, Benjamin, son of Benjalii irl Field, Esq., of Tulse-hill, to Ellen, thi r d d aug h ter o f IHenry , Sturt, Esq., of Clapham, Surrey. DIED. At Shiraz, in Persia, on the 27th of August, Joseph L° lll .l* Tasker, Esq., aged 24, only son of 4.aseph Tasker, Esq ., u` Middleton-hall, Brentwood, Essex.. On the 25th ult., at Dunfermline, Amelia, wife of Mr. Beveridge. On the 26th ult.. at Teignmottth, Caroline, young e . st ~ daughter of the late W. Barton S t il es, Esq., of Lyme Regl" Dorset, aged 22. On the 30th ult., at the Priory, Corsharn, Wilts, aged 77 ' Sarah, relict of W. J. Stump, Esq. On the 31st ult., at Jermyns, Hants, Georgiana, the wi fe of C. Serjison Smith, Esq., and daughter of the Hon. lier bert Gardner. On the Ist inst., in Blandford-square, Louisa, fourth daughter of the late Daniel Mellan, Esq. On the Ist inst., at Tunbridge-wells, Gertrude, young est child of W. E. East, Esq., Crescant, Alinories. On the 2d hist , at Hoxton, Thomas King, E:q., formerly of the Bank of England, aged 72. - On the 01st ult., at Sea-view, Isle of Wight, August e ' wife of N. Troughton, Esq., Coventry. On the 31st ult., at York-place, Walworth, aged 93, Jan e ' relict of the late Richard Harris. At Forty-hill, Enfield, on the 31st u lt ., Wi ll i am Townsen d, Esq., aged 77. London: Printed and Published by IVIURDO YOUNG, °f No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun of,fi ce , No. 112; Strand. in the Precinct of the Savoy. iu t h e cola of Middlesex, Saturday, November 4, 1848. IRELAND. - - DTJSLIN, Nov. 3.—Term commenced yesterday, and the Lord Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice held levees at their respective residences, which were very numerously attended by the members of the bar. DUBLIN SPECIAL COMMISSION. The trial of Mr. Williams, another partner in the se ditious Tribune newspaper, was proceeded with yester day, at Green-street. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL briefly stated the case. He said the prisoner was indicted under a statute, which received the Royal Assent on the 22d of April, for compassing to deprive and depose the Queen from her style, honour, and royal name of the Imperial Crown of Great Britain, and for compassing to levy war against her Majesty ; and with expressing, uttering, and declaring those his intentions by publishing the articles specified in the indictment in a newspaper called the Irish Tribune, of which he was one of two proprietors. He (the Attorney-Genera l ) thought that the jury would have no difficulty in coming to the conclusion that that newspaper was esta blished for the purpose of carrying out the designs ex pressed in the indictment. On the 12th of June, 1848, the prisoner signed a declaration, the usual one required by law, by which he declared himself publisher and pro prietor of the Tribune, jointly with Mr. Kevin Izod O'Doherty. They (the jury) would have to decide with what object the prisoner thus connected himself with th et newspaper, which was one of those publications of a treasonable character which the statute in question was expressly passed to repress. No one was more attached to the liberty of the press than he (the Attorney-Ge neral) was; but it was a mistake to suppose that those were the enemies of that institution who kept the liberty of the press within proper bounds. If the liberty of the press had suffered a check in the course of the unfortu nate proceedings which had occurred in that country. the blame was attributable to the publishers of those trea sonable papers. The Learned Attorney-General stated, in continuation, that any person who published a treason able composition was culpable, and responsible for that act of his, under the statute in question, no matter whether he wero the author of it or not, and then pro ceeded to comment on the article in question, which he did at considerable length. In conclusion, the Attorney- General stated that the Crown had seized upon five manuscript articles at the office of the Tribune. Not one of these wa3 in the handwriting of the prisoner, Mr. Williams, whose counsel might make the best use of that fact that he valid. One of them had been proved already to be in the handwriting of Mr. Kevin Iz )d O'Doherty, but as for the remaining four, all the exer tions that had been made on the part of the Crown to procure evidence respecting them had failed to enable the Crown o ffi cers to state as a matter of feet in whose handwriting they were. The Learned Gentleman having concluded, witnesses were examined on the part of the pros-cution. Mr. 'Ferguson. barrister, defended the prisoner. ThP ease being closed, the Court adjourned to this morning, when one of their Lordships will address the jury. DREADFUL MURDER BY AN ARMED PARTY; ROBBERY OF PUBLIC MONEY. The King's County Chronicle contains the following in an extra edition:— PARSONSTOWN, THURSDAY EVF.NING.—This morn ing. between eight and nine o'clock, as Major Phibbs, staff-officer of pensioners, accompainied by Sergeant Grant (who acted as his clerk), were proceeding on a car from this town to Roscrea, for the purpose of issuing out the monthly pay to the out pensioners in that dis trict, they were aitacked at Clonkdly, within about two miles of this town, by a party of six or eight men, all of whom were armed with b'underbus4es and pistols. The party stopped the ear, pre sented their arms and demanded money. Poor Grant having hesitated to comply, one f the ruffians fired; the contents entered his heart, and deprived him of life in a few moments. The banditti then com pelled Major Phibbs to give up his cash box, containing 180/. in small notes and silver, with which they de camped. The Major then had the body of Grant placed on the car, and drove to the military barracks, which is situate about a mile from the seene of outrage. Infor mation of the attack having reached this town, Sub- Inapector Duncan and a party of police irnineeiately proceeded in tho direction which the assassins had takius, and searched the county for several miles anamd. The Earl of Rosse, with the local magistrates, and several of the respectable inhabitants, also soon followed, together with about five hundred men or the 59;1 and 89th regiments. A diligent, but, as yet, ineffectual search was made for the assassins. An inquest will be held to- morrow. “Five o'Cr.ocK.—The police have not yet returned. It is reported that they have obtained some clu.f, to the murderers." THE WRIT OF ERROR. The following communication has reached ns from a most accurate source :—*‘ The counsel and agent of Mr. Smith O'Brien hava got Mr. Napier's opinion on the writ of error from Clonmel. The learned o•eutleman, who is a high authority on Crown law, hss no doubt that the writ of error is g.iod. SPIRIT of the k-ÜBLIC JOURNALS. TIDIES.—The e:argl in the curriculunt of Cambridge education has taken evterybody by surprise. We knew the event root co-ne, but we did not look to its at taioment without a long and arduous struggle. The Comte de Neltilly did not multi' a speedier exit from the littlf• p of the TuPeries than a wlio!e host of prejtvii , e from this ary,ient vat o thr 5 will read th rlUtnETC gh, and regret that it was sl hwg Many thousands country and the ment with a deferred. Thry will see opportunities given to others that were denied to them. The . curse which had been fulminated at Cambridge azainst all branches of human knowledge save one has at length been raised. The heads of the University have been compelled to admit air and sunshine into the regions over which they preside. The report of the teyerlicate is an acknowledgment of the individuality of intellectual capacity; it admits the principle, and cieleaveurs to give the admission a practical effect. Many hundreds of young men, taken from the highest families in the three kingdoms, will every year have cause to bless the change which opens a career to their praiseworthy desire for immediate dis tinction, and tits them for a more important sphere of action in after life. Whatever may be the profession or calling they may choose for the future—and at two or three and twenty years of age most young men have made up their minds on the subject—Cambridge now affords them a fitting nur ture. Opportunities of distinction are offered them now which will hereafter stand them in good stead. Will it be believed in after ages that, in the middle of the nineteenth century one of the two seats of education for the middle and upper classes of England practically debarred its pupils from access to all knowledge but that of abstract science in its most arid and distgustful form? If, upon trial, the young men gave evidence of incapacity or distaste for the one pursuit, no more was said, the college tutors abandoned them to their fate—that is, to apathy or idle ness, to indolence or despair. Will it be believed that classical learning, the only other branch of knowledge recognised at Cambridge, was denied as a test of merit to all but those who had previously submitted to a ma thematical ordeal of a nature so stringent, that to pass through it unscathed argued a singular aptitude if the subjects were really comprehended, or a marvellous me mory if they were simply retained. Such, however, has been the case at Cambridge. The best years of youth and dawning manhood might have been devoted to a diligent study of those exquisite monuments of ancient literature which quicken the feelings, interest the imagination, chas ten the taste, and develope the various faculties of the mind ; but, however great the diligence, or considerable the attainments of the student in these pursuits, he has hitherto been denied at Cambridge thegratification of an honourable distinction, and that at a period of life when distinctions are more valued than when experience of the world has done its work and erased the gilding from the gift. The answer given to such an accusation as this isi usually delivered in a very few words by a successful representative of problems and the system, who in his youthful days swallowed theorems (long since quite, quite for gotten)as a jack-pudding might strings of sausages at a country fair. " Ave sir, but we are a mathematical University ! " anedven to t plead the de This - i;simply to meet the accusers half way,guilty to the charge. But for one for tunate for the change which country h might have waited long enough the curiosity and industry has opened so man y sea l e d b oo k s to nation owes a debt of f stry of th e y out h o f E ng l an d. Th e the Chancellor o f the gratitude to the Prince Consort, University, for having been the first to suggest, and the most determined to cary out, the alteration in the Cambri system. We can conceive the surprise of an intern gen f le ;• e m e a ll c i t er at being initiated in the rucatna. Re would not at 11 mysteries of these acadt bad,soexbeerz_o_uld quietly reflect first reject it i a f s a e s n; s ir te el na y .ht reasonably He re t t e is i p el le t n h t eo r y could with himself, bear good fruit in practice. ex pect to find Newtons and Laplaces whic h I rooms in a country where every effort of tyluaseitmiounsirs directed to evolve the peculiar faculty of theviremigitn?etahattemeln.l is necessary for the pursuits in which these won their reputation. Now, is this so? eeption of Airey, and perhaps one or two others, haa Cambridge produced of late years a single man whose name is illustrious in science beyond the limit of the first milestone on the Trumpington-rosd? It it be contended —and we believe the argument to be perfectly just— that the absence er nresenee of these exceptional cases proves nothing; that Newton would have been N ewton, and Herschel - Herschel, in a Moravian village, at Paris, or in Sweden ; does the system work well for the mediocrities ? What kind of nurture does .the University offer to those who are to take care of our souls, bodies, and properties, as Divines, Physi ciens, and Lawyers in after years? What kind of training does it give for the House of Commons or for the diplomatic mission ? Let it be remembered that we are talking of the find education of young men, not of the'first awakening of the nascent intelligence of the child. There is no question of big A and little C ; of deciding whether it be more advisable to show the people in the lecture-room the picture of a cow and require them to name the animal, or first to name the animal and then require them to draw the cow. ‘Ve are speak '' ir e!e) two or three year:, or perhaps ye- of oung in''a few months, mu !(-, thrown out into the world to make the best fielit :if it t ley cen ; and, unless they be to fellow the bias ooreer. The sandowed with exlrtortiintlty Prince ca:ergy, received durins Consort might a'7,tlJUlShers ry and P ' :sso: ba t a ruled ships of Modern 1 He mi4h vhcn he and the Xhat the study of tr,- _ for degrees in this faculty, were as great a . Mashing stock at C am b r id ge as t h e a;sing of ta e line on r board -ship ; and . that. anything like a study of Eneri- Itsh law —eve n so muc h al the perusal of Blackstone 's Commentaries—was a t hug unknown in the University. The Prince, it is not improbable, would next make in- Civil L manager . ; of the Lombard-street restrvoirs to open their sluices. It occurred to the wisdom of Sir R. Peel, I in 1844, to put ?in end to this remedial power in the Batik thc , jof En . 4land. `.lTho Legislature consented to what S.r Poel propo_ii , l, arid the consequence is that re;vv, not only is there no warning given to the public of c probable ebb in the currency, but, when it arrives, there is no pssible remedy for th-, evil but that of authorising a violation of the law. This remedy was actually resorted to in Octo- ber, 1847. But even I nis - se,uns to hive taught no useful lesson to the stupid Peel and Wood bigotry in the Legis- Lture. Peel, Wood, Russell, and the rest, voted that there was no occasion for a relaxation of the law of 1844, though 'Russell and Wood had themselves been obliged (for fear of something worse) to authorise the Bauk to violate that law the pressure of which had pro duced awful commercial calamities. From these calami ties the commerce of the country is still suffering, but still the currency bigots ,affect a mighty superiority of wisdom, and nothing has been done to guard the country against the recurrence of such a fearful crisis as that of October, 1847. ASHFORD MECHANICS' INSTI TUTION. (From the Kent Herald.) . . . llt appears to us a delightful assurance that civilization is rapidly extending to what were so lung the neglected , classes of society, and that the resources and delights of pure intellectual pursuits are as properly appreciated in a mechanics' institute, as they are in higher establish ments. To all such societies, well constituted—and as far as our knowledge goes, their constitution is uni formly irreproachable—ind to all such " Introductory Lectures" as that delivered by the Rev. John Dufton, Rector of Warehorne, before the Ashford and Alfred Mechanics' Instutes, at the Assembly-rooms, Ashford, on Thursday evening last—it will be our paramount duty to give every assistance we have it in our power to bestow. Ignorance is an evil, the pressure of which becomes now every day heavier on grown-up people, who see the young ones outstrip them in cultivation and knowledge. We rejoice, there fore, to see Mr. Dufton, periodically come for ward to speak of the benefits arising from mechanics' Institutions, and prove the weakness of the objections 1 which have been taken against their establishment. It is consoling to see subjects like these discussed in such quarters by a clergyman of the :Established Church. We hope the time is not far distant when more clergymen will willingly come forward with a spirit of active and anxious benevolence to promote the great cause of ge. neral education, 'and better the condition of the working classes by securing to them the full advantages of which 1 these institutions may be made productive. Those who cry out, and many there are from both extremes of party, that education is no remedy against poverty and hunger, are blind to the fact that, although a starving man will get no bread at the school or institute, yet schools and mechanics' institutes, and such like, are the best means of pr eventing in future thousands from being reduced to the condition of starving. How much loss of time, and labour, and of capital is occasioned by the unskilfulness of workmen 1 How much of their money and resources is daily wasted by the poor from not understanding the principles of domestic economy and 1 sobriety! How much unhappiness is entailed upon them selves and their families by their violent tempers and 1 passions, from not having their minds early brought into moral training! Is it not a truth susceptible of demonstration, that by far the greater number of those who are now in distress might have in time prevented their being reduced to it ? And is it not equally cer tain that the want of education—we mean moral and intellectual education —made them careless of the future? If we cannot now at once put a stop to the misery they have thus brought upon themselves, ought we not at least to guard against a perpetuation of the evil, by affording every man the means of acquiring that information clubs which may be of use to him through life and in his par ticulargood Work isre forming tilli sphere ? In towns, especially, and in some of large villages, the mechtsn:ca' institutes and book speed as it aszi I part of the ci) as each of every piny, attest how fast the , -going forward.rt will move at an accele -1 ra-ea But' the day, we trust, is 1 near at ha " , when v:lisTail stock of books shall make contain. I niture as any other artiscle our cottages, and shall be appropriate a part of their fur use or of ornament which universally ' it is held decent for them to we again say 1 Concurring as we do with e b o u t t i ' f b t th n e'se societies and I that we chiefly look to the increase thoroughly for an rar ' ies ' 1 to the eitablishment of good district accessible to the industrious poor, incalculabl e in crease of individual happiness, and national honosir and prosperity. A NOVEL ASSURANCE COMPANY.---An assurance company, we are informed, has been established for the assurance of horses in Paris, under the title of the Com payne d' Assurance pour les Chevaux. This is a branch of life tsiurance to which wo imagine our Bridsh actu aries have not hitherto turned their attention. W also chniht much whether any stltistics are in exi:ALl3ca on which our French- frkrrig can form their data. Why, if you assure horea, should you not also assure cattle, sheep, dogs, swine, aid cats? The study indeed a novel one. The promoters of the above company are sanguine as to their success.— Theßeporier and Assurance Chronicle. PBRMANEDIT PAUPERISM -It is a curious fact that on one thy last week three orders of removal were taken out before the magistrates of a Yorkshire borough in the eases of paupers who had been respectively eighteen, thirty-eight, and fifty-three years in uninterrupted re ceipt of parish pay. _ - _ _ _ quiry of practical men in London as to the value of me dical training at Cambridge. He would find that although not so profoundly ridiculous as the ceremonies observed for the legal distinctions, it was slipshod and insufficient to the last degree—even leaving anatomy out of the question. He would then be toldthat trug it was gle with a host of within t a very few years, and after a weary struggle of prejudices, that examinations in di vinity w an er o ek e no i w t n is . If the University have one o ffi ce mo re th an d th that of preparingwhsatutdewnets havefor hsetalytedor was the t y h e s t r until quite recen tly As a school for diplomacy, the Institution of the Charitable Knife-Grinders, celebrated by Mr. Dickens, was as much to the purpose as the wealthy and famous University of Cambridge. Modern languages, modern history, the histories of treaties, ap peared to the heads of houses but as so much nameless trash. A fellow ot Sidney Sussex College would have held himself entitled to turn up his nose at Prince Tal leyrand and a sucking Mathematical Bachelor, oozing with sines and cosines, have held Monsieur Guizot or Mr. Hallam but in slight esteem. " May it please your Royal Highness, we are a Mathematical University." That of course was decisive upon the point. His Royal Highness, however, was not pleased at all, and the country, in our opinion, owes him a debt of deep grati tude for the change in the monstrous system hitherto pursued in the University. The public time is occu pied with so many important matters that require instant attention that any subject that can be postponed, or that is not of immediate party interest, is forgotten or cast aside. That is the only explanation that can be offered for the continuance of such a system. The great body of the public—that is to say, the public who do not write B.A. or M.A. after their names, may have been the dupes of the nomenclature of the Cambridge University calendar. They may have assumed that the pro f lessors were bona fide professors, whose lectures were i attended with as much zeal and effect as those of the 1 corresponding functionaries in the foreig n universities. t No such thing. These professo rs are b ut as the war t riors of straw the Chinese are wont to place by the side of their wooden guns in order to exaggerate the appre- I of their power. The Cambridgeshire professors leave the pupils to the college tutor, and the college tutor leaves them to the private tutor, who is, in nine cases out of ten, a young man who has himself but just , 1 taken his degree. It is by this class of men—we will venture to say by this class of men only—that the Uni versity education is practically conducted. Their office is simply to cram their pupils with the latest fashions in mathematics, and to time their cramming so nicely t i that the -industrious young roan shall be titled to the full extent of his capacity at the moment he staggers i into the Senate-house for examination. l POST.—It seems that a notice has been circulated among those whose property lies by the shore of the Thames that at certain periods of November, December, and January high tides may be expected. The abund ance of rain which has fallen is likely to swell the rive' towards its source, and the abounding waters, meeting the incoming tide from the sea, may probably rise far above their usual level. They who have property by the shore are therefore put upon their guard. They are judiciously warned to provide in time for the safety of their goods. It is a pity that, while there is enough ce good sense in the community to lead to precautions of this kind, concerning timber, coals, and stores of various kinds likely to be damaged or swept away by the rising Thames, the community treats with practical neglect a much more important ebbing and flosving,whic it affects id property that is to he bought aed sold—we mean the ebbing and flowing of the currency. Great, no doubt, is the danger of an excessive flowing of the tide iti the Thames, but a thousand times greater is the danger of an excessive ebbing of the tide of money in this country. And yet regarding this there is no one to give warning. Thera is no one whose business it is to watch the probsule course of events, and to give autho ritative warning of what may be expected. Persons wile call themselves practical statesmen, and who are ready enough to talk about the currency, do not . think it neces sary to mark, as they ought to do, the fluctuations of this wonderful agent upon the fortunes of almost all ranks and conditions of men in such a society as that of Great Britain. The welfare certainly—perhaps the health an the lives—of thousands depend upon that impetus to business—that support of commercial interchange which the currency supplies. We take currency in its largeet sense; it may be bills of exchange, or cheques on bankers, or bank notes, or specie, anything which for the time will be accepted as the representative of property, and enable persons whose industry is in action tu go on with good hope of a market for what the) are able to produce. It is b,,catese our currency is so complicated, and consists of various elements, which various circumstances and accidents may render abundant, or may cause to d.sappear, or make unavail able for their purposes as currency, that thegrcatest care is required, to look forward, to see in advance the flew or the ebb which ought reasonably to be expected, and to give warning to the owners of property, and to those who are bound to be furnished, at fixed future periods, with certain portions of the currency, whether it b ' scarce or abundant. Until 1844 the Bank of Englend had the power, to some extent, of meeting the circum stance of an ebb in the currency. When it had run up into Lombard-street, and was 13 ing in the reservoirs of the private bankers, instead of flowing in the channel: necessary to support awl facilitate commerce, then the B ink, finding that the country required currency, though it slid not require gold, was wont to increase its issue ot notes, which increase wits drawn back again as soon as returning confidence in commercial bills induced the the dignity or impairing" the 'strength of governments, would be the surest guarantee for the preservation of general peace, and the advanc e m en t o f pu bli c p ros p er ity. The Congress is fully aware that the force of circum stances, the progress of modern industry and commerce, the.greater facility and frequency of communication be tween the nations, the diffusi on o f k now l e d ge , a nd the more elevated sentiments of humanity and religion, all tend to prevent the recurrence of war; but it is not less assured that it remains with the governments of the civilised world to put an end to that fatal and sanguinary custom, by adopting those wise and necessary measures which shall lead to so happy a result. In submitting to statesmen the recommendations em bodied in the resolutions, the Congress entertain a just and legitimate confidence that they will not be disre garded; and that the Governments of Europe and America,:animated; by an ardent and sincere desire to promote the welfare of the grea t commonwea lth o f na tions, will determine as in the performance of a sacred duty, to give them a practical application, and thus aid in securing the peace of the world. A UGUSTE VISSCHERS, Belgi um P res id en t. WILLIAM .EWART, England E LIHU BURRITT, United States FRA.NCISQITE BOUVET, Pran ce Vice Presidents. SURINGAR, Holland OF FRIDAY. WAR-OFFICE, Nov. 3, 1848. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION -HOUSE. ' Peter Felton, a man who has the appearance of a farmer, was brought before the Lord Mayor, charged with having attempted to steal two horses, the property of Mr. Wood, livery - stablekeeper, of Camomile-street. This was one of a great number of attempts to plunder the prosecutor, who, upon finding what the object of the prisoner was, took him into custody himself without any ceremony, notwithstanding the repeated assurances of the fellow that there was a mistake committed as to his integrity. - Mr. Wood's statement was briefly to the following effect:—The prisoner called at Mr. Wood's premises on Thursday, for the purpose of looking at a couple of car riage horses. Ile had a few weeks before made his ap pearance at the stables, and said he was badly off; and Mr. Wood, although not at all acquainted with him, gave him a shilling from mere compassion. In applying to Mr. Wood, the prisoner referred to that instance of libe rality, and said, "As you did me a good turn, I am going to do you one. I have got the situation of farmer and bailiff to Lady Clinton, in Barkway, in Hertford shire, and as her ladyship is in want of a couple of good horses, I have recommended you as a dealer." Mr. 1 Wood asked him what sort of horses, and he said a pair of light ones. In the course of conversation Mr. Wood's experience enabled him to detect the rogue under this disguise of gratitude, and having put se veral questions to the prisoner which rather confounded the customer, proposed to call at the town house of Lady Clinton on the subject, and afterwards to write te her Ladyship. Neither of these propositions being at all palatable to the prisoner, Mr. Wood said to him, there not being the least doubt of his intention to steal the horses, " What a base villain you must be to want to rob me of my property." Upon being conveyed to the station-house, the prisoner not only persevered in his false representation, but was excessively abusive to the complainant, and addressed him in the coarsest and most offensive language, and it was considered advisable to refer the matter to the Lord Mayor. The LORD MAYOR asked the prisoner whether he wished to say anything? The prisoner said that all he should say might be used to his prejudice if his prosecutor pleased. He then said that he ought to go down on his knees fur pardon to Mr. Wood fur having made such an attempt to impose upon him; but he hoped for forgiveness, when it was known that his skull had been fractured by an accident on a railway, linen an occasion when the engineer was killed, and that whenever he drunk spirits he was wholly des titute of reason, and would not hesitate to commit any violence. He admitted that he was net in the service of Lady Clinton, and that he had not been commissioned by her Ladyship to purchase the horses. Ile said that he had been drinking several glasses of gin just before he saw Mr. Wood, and Chet what he said and did was entirely dictated by the delusion arising from the cursed lush. The LORD Ma - you—You seem to have managed this business very inginiuusly for a man out of his senses. Have you ever been in the service of Lady Clinton? Prisoner—About eleven or twelve years ago I was in her Ladyship's service as farmer and bailiff. The LORD MAYOR—Why did you leave her service I Prisoner—l married while in her Ladyship's service, and my wife wished to have a house of her own, so I took a house and gave 2,000/. for it, and I afterwards sold it for 6001. The LORD Maros—Was the 2,0001. your own money? Prisoner—lt was ; I saved it in service. The LORD MAYOR—I shall remand the prisoner till Tuesday, and I dare say we shall hear something from Lady Clinton about him in the meantime. William Legg, who was a few days ago charged with having married Dinah Rowe, his first wife being alive, was brought up for final examination. Henry Payne, of Eldon-terrace, Southampton, tailor, stated that he was present when the prisoner, on the 20th of September, 1839, was married to Sophia Parker, in the parish church of St. Michael's, Southampton. He was one of the subscribing witnesses to the ceremony, and had subsequently visited the married couple at Bit tern, near Southampton, and he had seen the prisoner's wife that day. Dinah Rowe said that she had known the prisoner eighteen months, and had married him on the 3d of last July, and lived with him until she heard of his former marriage. Mr. Wontner submitted that there were several cir cumstances of extenuation in the case. In the first place, he had been, when a mere boy, inveigled into a union with a woman considerably his senior, and her jealousy had caused a separation. Having then become a butler in the family of the late Sir William Curtis, who had died in his arms, he soon aftewards was engaged in a family in whose service Dinah Rowo lived. The marriage arose out of that acquaintance, and was actually entered into by the prisoner as a sort of amends for the dangerous intimacy which took place between him and that young woman. The evidence could not be resisted, but it was to be hoped that the Lord Mayor would take bail for the prisoner's appearance. The LORD MAYOR said the circumstances just stated might go to a jury, but he certainly could not take bail ; and upon learning that the prisoner's wife had three children, and had been allowed AO more than 3s. a week by the prisoner for the support of the whole family, stated that he could see no extenuating circumstances at all in the case. The prisoner was then committed for trial. BOW-STREET, William Frederick Howe, a clerk, appeared upon a summons to answer a complaint preferred against him for having unlawfully forged the signature of Mr. Charles Mathews to a certain order of admission to the pit of the Lyceum Theatre, with intent to defraud him. The defendant pleaded guilty. Mr. Lewis attended to support the charge, which he reminded the Court was an indictable offence. A constable of the A division produced an order which he received on the 26th ult. from the check taker of the pit entrance, and having traced it to the defendant, ho went to him at the Bedford-chambers, and he not only admitted that the order in question had been written by him, but that he had also written two or three dozen for the Adelphi Theatre, which he pres ented to his acquaintances fo r a l ark, but without any intntion to defraud. Mr. Wilmot, the check-taker, said that during the rush on the evening of the 26th the order was presented, and from the answer given to his questions the forgery was traced to the defendant. There were no orders granted for the pit, and the signature to the one pro duced bore no resemblance to Mr. Mathews' hand writing. The defendant assured the Court that he never con templated any fraud, and he wrote the order simply for the purpose of enjoying a lark at the expense of his friends, under the impression that, as a matter of course, it would be rejected, and in proof of it the matter was the subject of conversation on board a steamer coming from Greenwich the day before it was admitted. Mr. JARDINE said that it was certainly playing with edged tools, and although it might appear that do fraud was really intended, it would be for Mr. Mathews to determine if he would prosecute the charge at the sessions. Mr. Lewis—And the defendant might also be held to bail to be of good behaviour. Mr. JARDINE expressed a hope that such a course would be quite su ffi cient, and ordered the de fen d an t t o enter into his own recognizances in the sum of 501. to be of good behaviour for the next six months. CLERKEN WELL. Mr. Herring. the owner of a menagerie in the New road, anpeared to a summons, at the instance of the parish authorities of St. Pancras, for a nuisance. The menagerie, it appeared, had existed for many years past, and th e n oxious smells arising therefrom had seriously affected the neighbours, who now complained of the nuisance. Mr. Skelding, surgeon, had examined the premises, and said that the p en s in which the a n i m a ls, &c. , were kept, the walls, and the earth, w e re sa turated with filth, so as t o be highly dangerous to the health of the inhabitants. Mr. TYRIVRITT complimented the parish authorities for taking up the matter, and he adjourned the case until Thursday next, for the purpose of having the pre mises purified, and the nuisance complained of entirely removed, or he would certainly make his order that the parish should remove it. THE ARMY IN IRELAND. —The following is an official return of the troops in Ireland for the present month:-Ist Dragoon Guards, Cahir; Gth ditto, Dublin; 2d Dragoons, Longford; 4th Light Dragoons, Athlone; 6th ditto, D u bli n ; 7 t h Hussars, Newbridge ; Bth Hus. ears, Newbridge; 12th Lancers, Cork; 13th Light Dra goons, Dundalk ; 17th Lancers, Dublin ; Ist Foot 2d battalion, Dublin; 2d Foot, Dublin; 3d Buffs, Limerick; sth ., Reserve B a tt a li on , F er moy ; 7th, Youghal ; 9th, Newry; 13th, Belfast; 26th, Cork, 31st, Athlone; 35th, Mullingar; 40th, Dublin; 41st, Buttevant; 43d, Tem plemore: 47th, Limerick; 48th, Dublin; 49:h, Temple more; 55th, Dublin; 57th, Enniskillen; 59th, Parsons town; 80:h Mks, 2d battalion, Dublin; 6 4 th, Cloornel; 68th, Galway ; 70th, Cork; 71it, Naas; 74th, Dublin; 75th, Ktlken Nv; 834 Forrnoy; 85th, Waterford; 89 th, Parsonstown;92 I, Limerick. In addition, there are the depot e°mPanics of the 19th Foot, Caatlebar; 34th, Ne negh; 38:11, Boyl e; 66th, Kinsale; 73d, Fermoy; 79th, Muth:agar; 88,h, Trulee; detachments of the Royal Ar tillery, Re) al Marines, Royal Engineers, armed pen sioners, and armed policemen, making in all about 38,000 men, borne of the regiments above mentioned will shortly go on foreign duty, so that a considerable decrease of the military stationed in Ireland must follow, but, to counteract this, it is expected that there will be a considerable increase of constabulary force. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 4, 1848. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE' Ist Dragoon Guards—George Paynter, Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Hamilton, promoted, Nov. 3. 6th Dragoons—Lieutenant Robert Dannistoun ' from the 11th Light Dragoons, to be Lieutenant, vice Boyn ton, who exchanges, Nov. 3, 11th Light Dragoons—Lieutenant Grange Heble thwayte Lutton Boynton, from the 6th Dragoons, to be Lieutenant, vice Dennistoun, who exchanges, Nov. 3. Scots Fusilier Guards—Lieutenant Wiliam George Stevenson, from the 90th Foot, to be Ensign and Lieu tenant, vice Honourable William Harbord, who ex changes, Nov. 3. 4th Regiment of Foot—Assistant Surgeon Richard Gamble, M.D., from the Staff, to be Assistant Surgeon, vice Mouat, promoted in the 9th Foot, Nov. 3. 9th Foot—Assistant Surgeon James Mouat, from the 4th Foot, to be Surgeon, vice Malcolm, deceased, Nov. 3. sth Foot—John McMahon, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Hibbert, promoted, Nov. 3. 57th Foot—John Augustus O'Neill, Gent., to be En sign, by purchase, vice Wyse, who retires, Nov. 3. , . 6-4th Foot—Acting-Assistant-Surgeon 'Henry Crisp, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Short, appointed to the Staff, Nov. 3. _ _ 66th Foot—Ensign Frederick Wainwright to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Holmes, deceased, Sept. 12 ; George Glascott Newton, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Wainwright, Nov. 3. 81st Foot--Major William Henry Charles Wellesley to be Lieutenant-Colonel, by purchase, vice Willcocks, who retires; Captain Henry Farrant to be Major, by purchase, vice Wellesley; Lieutenant Thomas Deane Perry to be Captain, by purchase, vice Farrant; Ensign Hedworth John Liddell to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Perry; Richard Henry Willcocks, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Liddell, Nov. 3. 00th Foot—Ensign and Lieut. the Hon. William Har bord, from the Scots Fusilier Guards, to be Lieutenant, vice Stevenson, who exchanges, Nov. 3. HosprrAL STAFF.—Assistant-Surgeon William Henry Short, from the 64th Foot, to be Assistant-Surgeon to the Forces, vice Gamble, appointed to the 4th Foot, Nov. 3. OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Nov. 2. Royal Regiment of Artillery. To be Colonels Commandant. Major-General Alexander Munro. Major-General Sir Hew Dalrymple Ross, K.C.B. To be Colonels. Lieutenant-Colonel Henry William Gordon. Brevet Col. Sir Wm. Macbean George Colebrooke, C.B. Lieutenant-Colonel William Daniel Jones. Lieutenant-Colonel William Bolden Dundas, C.B. Lieutenant-Colonel Courtney Cruttenden. To be Lieutenant-Colonels. Brevet Major George James, vice Gordon. Brevet Major Charles Henry Nevitt, vice Jones. Brevet Major John Bloomfield, vice Dundas. Brevet Major Henry Palliser, vice Cruttenden. Brevet Major Archibald Macbean. Brevet Major Robert Longmore Garstin. Brevet Major John Alexander Wilson. Brevet Major Richard Tomkyns. Brevet Major Henry Williams. Brevet Major Richard Goodwin Bowen Wilson. To be Captains. Second Captain Thomas Elwyn, vice James. Second Captain Charles James Wright, vice Nevitt. Second Captain George Augustus Frederick De Rinzy, vice Bloomfield. Second Captain William Hamilton Elliott, vice Palliser. Second Captain Peter Maclean, vice Macbean. Second Captain Charles Robert Wynne, vice Garstin. Second C quain Anthony Benn vice J. A. Wilson. Second Captain Charles Lionel Fitzgerald, vice Tomkyns. St cond Capt. George Drought Warburt - on, vice Williams. Second Capt Philip Reginald Cocks, vice R. G. B. W ilson. To be Second Captains. First Lieutenant Alexander C £0 Jar Hawkins, vice Elwyn. First Lieutenant James Morris Hill, vice Wright. First Lieutenant Barclay Lawson, vice De Riney. First Lieutenant Algernon Peter, vice Elliott. First Lieutenant Andrew Pellett Scrimshire Green, vice Maclean. First Lieutenant Edward Arthur Williams, vice Wynne. First Lieutenant Herbert Winsloe Patton, vice Benn. First Lieutenant Charles Henry Morris, vice Fitzgerald. First Lieutenant Neil M'lnnee M'Kay, vice Warburton. First Lieutenant William James Esten Grant, vice Cocks. First Lieutenant Joseph Clarke Childs. First Lieutenant George Vanderheyden Johnson. To be First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenant Edward Taddy, vice Hawkins. Second Lieutenant Henry Crofton Singer, vice Hill. Second Lieutenant Hill James Thomas Tomlinson, vice Lawson. Second Lieutenant John Bawden Parkin, vice Peter. Second Lieutenant Charles Johnston, vice Green. Second Lieut. Thomas Samuel Fuer Field, vice Williams. Second Lieut. Laurence Augustus Bradshaw, vice Patton. Second Lieut enant John M'C audio Campbed, e vice Morris. Second Lieutenant William French, vice M'Kay. Second Lieut. Sir Wm. Geo. Johnson, Bart., vice Grant. Second Lieut. Edward Adolphus Seymour, vice Childs. Dated November 1, 1848. BANKRUPTS. Joshua Rhodes, builder, Queen's row, Pimlico, to sur render Nov. 10, and Dec. 15, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee ; Jackson, New-inn, Strand. John Hignell, grocer, Colchester, Nov. 14, at half past twelve, and Dec. 12, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee Linklater, Charlotte-row, Mansion-house. John Greenshields and Matthew Strang, merchants, Liverpool, Nov. 20 and Dec. 14, at eleven, at the Liver pool District Court. Morgan, official assignee, Liver pool ; Trinder and Eyre, John street, Bedford-row ; Lloyd, Liverpool. Lace Bettie, licensed victualler, Eritb, Kent, Nov. 15, at twelve, and Dec. 13, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Coleman-street buildings; Lawrence and flews, Old Jewry-chambers. John Stringer, draper, Kingston-upon Hull, Nov. 15 and 29, at half-past ten, at the Leeds District Court. Carrick, official assignee, Hull; Reed and Co., Friday street; Sale and Co., Manchester; Shackles and Son, Hull. Francis Cook Matthews, chemist, Great Driffield, Yorkshire, Nov. 14, and Dec. 4, at to - elve, at the Leeds District Court. Carrick, official assignee, Hull; Wil liamson and Co., Gray's Inn; Bulmer,Leeds. George Banks, builder, Lymington, Hants, Nov. 16, at half-past eleven, and Dec. 9, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Follett, official assignee, Sambrook court, Basinghall-street; Westmacott, John-street, Bed ford-row. Robert Lister, draper and grocer, Belper, Derbyshire, Nov. 16 and Dec. 7, at eleven, at the Manchester Dis trict Court. Hobson, official assignee, Manchester ; Reed and Co., Friday-street ; Worthington and Ship man, Manchester. Charles Peach Downman, gunpowder merchant, Birchin-lane, City, Nov. 10, and Dec. 11, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee, Coleman-street; Lawrence and Plews, Old Jewry chambers. Samuel Worth, architect, Leeds, Nov. 18 and Dec. 9, at twelve, at the Leeds District Court. Freeman, official assignee, Leeds; Hartley, Southampton-street; Wilson and Co., Sheffield. shi G re e , or N g o e v. l3 l r 7 own, and e D wh ec. arfin ls, ge a r t ' twelve,TwYng' inat G th l e o u c e s t e r. Bristol District Codur Co., Tewkesbury; Court. Acerwamasuryob,offi Houghton, lahsstoign7 Gray's Inn. assignee, Bristol; Chandler and Hugh Kennedy, draper, Taunton, Somersetshire, Nov. 16, and Dec. 21, at one, at the Exeter District Court. Hernaman, official assignee, Exeter; Channing, Taunton; Gregory, Faulkner, Gregory and Skirrow, Bedford-row. George Frederick Bonner, upholsterer, Cheltenham, Nov. 0 0, at half-past twelve, and Dec. 18, at twelve, at the Bristol District Court. Hutton, official assignee, Bristol; Lindo, King's Arms-yard; Packwood, Chel tenham. James Dowson, licensed victualler, Colchester, Nov. 8 and Dec. 13, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basinghall-street; Bull, Ely place; Abell, Colchester. George Andrews Cawse, builder, Claremont-terrace, Hampstead-road, Nov. 16, at two, and Dec. 14, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Coleman-street-buildings ; Whiteway and Bullock, Lin coln's Inn-fields. George Crocker, ironmonger, Yeovil, Somersetshire, Nov. 23, and Dec. 21, at one, at the Exeter Dictrict Court. Hernaman, official assignee. Exeter; Slade and Vining, Yeovil; Terrell, Exeter; Traherne and White, London. John Podmore, grocer, Tunstall, Staffordshire, Nov. 14, and Dec. 12, at half-past ten, at the Birmingham District Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Birming ham; Cooper, Tunstall; Smith, Birmingham. Samuel Durant, draper, Deptford, Nov. 14, at one, and Dec. 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pennell, official assignee ; Sole and Turner, Alder m an bury. Gabriel Benda, importer of foreign goods, Camomile street, Nov. 17, at two, and Dec. 19, at half half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Caisnan,official Birchin- lane ; Spyer, Broad•street-buildings. Mark Robert Cockburn Wightman, linen factor, Pan eras-lane, Nov. 15, at half-past twelve, and Dec. 13, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. B e ll , official assignee, Coleman-street-buildings ; Lawrence and Plows, Old Jewry-chambers. Horace Darken, builder, Norwich, Nov. 23, at half-past one, and Dec. 26, at eleven,altdJ ewry; theeCoryur;t joafyl3,aßnkacrukpletrcsy: Edwards, official assignee, Old bury; Jay and Pilgrim, Norwich. William Archimedes Holden, tobaccemist, P reston, Lancashire, Nov. 14 and Dec. 5, at eleven, at the Man cheater District Court. Pott, official assignee, Manches ter ; Mayhew, Carey-street ; Blackhurst and Son, Preston. Jasper Taylor, licensed victualler, St. Martin's-1e- Grand, City, Nov. 16, at twelve, and Dec. 9, a t h alf _ past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Green, official assignee, Guildhall chambers, Basinghall street ; Dim mock and Burbeg, Clement's-lane. DIVIDENDS. At the Court, Basinghall street. T. Blenkarn, Chancery-lane, law bookseller, Nov. 24, a t tero-11. H. Marshall, Plymouth, draper, Nov. 24, at one-A. Mowbray, ,G. L. iiollinsworth, J. Wetherell, W. Shields, W. Bolton, and R. Stokes, Durham, Dar neeton, Thir-k, and Lotlibury, bankers, Nov. 24 at two -T. Holmes, Belgrave-street and Bromptoa, builder, Nov. 24, at eleven-E. Edmunds, Lowndes. street, Knightsbridge, hosier, Nov. 4, at twelve-E. Hopewell and A. Thacker, Leadenhall-streer, outfitters, Nov. 24, at half- past eleven-J. R. Oliver, Blackheath, Kent, master mariner, Nov. 24, a t h a lf -past twelve-G. W. Dean, 1E 4h-street, Southwark, jeweller, Nov. 30, at eleven-T. W. Green, High Holborn, straw bonnet manufacturer, Nov. 24, at half -past two. In the Country. R. Hughes, Liverpool, Laceman, Nov. 28, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—F. Berner, West Kirby and Bir kenhead, tea du , .,10r, Nov, c)S y , ,;*, sttay.;thati, 28, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—J. Roberts and W. H. Roberts, Liverpool, ironmongers, Nov. 28, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—J. Stockdale, Liver pool, soap manufacturer, Nov. 27, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—S. Dethick and T. R. Kay, Newton Heath, Lancashire, common brewers, Nov. 29, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—S. Dethick, Newton Heath, Lan cashire, common brewer, Nov. 28, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—J. Harper. Dudley, and elsewhere, mercer, Dec. 4, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—W. Whit worth, Manchester, corn factor,'Nov. 24, at eleven, at the Court, Manchester—J. J. Ferens and R. Ferens, Dur ham, drapers, Nov. 28, at half-past ten, at the Court, Newcastle-upon -Tyne. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. J. Higginson and R. Deane, Liverpool, merchants, 2s. 3d., on any Thursday between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Turner, Liverpool. J. Brown, Manchester, carpet dealer, Bd., on Tuesday, Nov. 14, or any subsequent Tuesday, between the hours of eleven and one, at the office of Mr. Fraser, Manchester, . . J. R. Hayward, Manchester, bookseller, 4d., on Tuesday, Nov. 14, or any subsequent Tuesday, between the hours of eleven and one, at the office of Mr. Fraser, Manchester. NOTICES OF CERTIFICATES. At the Court, Basinghall-street. J. Clark, Liquorpond-street, budder, Nov. 27, at twelve—J. Miller, Oxford-street, bookseller, Nov. 28, at eleven—ll. Carpenter, Cranbourn-street, Leicester square, oil merchant, Nov. 25, at twelve—J. Barrett, Harrison-street, Gray's Inn-road, licens, d victualler, Nov. 25, at half Tast eleven. In the Country. . . T. Browne, Amble-house, Northumberland, ship owner, Nov. 27, at twelve, at the Court, Newcastle-upon- Tyne—G. Schofield, Halifax, Yorkshire, manufacturer, Nov. 27, at eleven, at the Court, Leeds—lL G. Benson and N. Kinsman, Leeds, drapers, Nov. 27, at twelve, at the Court, Leeds. At the Court of Review, Nov. 24. _ _ _ • H. Boydell, Liverpool, and Birkenhead, timber mer chant—W. Babb, Tavistock, Devonshire, plumber—W. Dyne, Rochester-terrace, High -street, Stoke Newington, corn dealer—F. H. Bendel', Torquay, Devonshire, builder—E. Hall, Manchester, packer, and Staleybridge, innkeeper—J. Burton, Taunton, coach proprietor—T. Jobling, High Conside, Durham, draper—C. Wand, New Bond-street, cook and confectioner—R. H. Watson, Eldon-place, Vauxhall, manufacturing chemist. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. R. C. Richards and H. Rogers, Kirkham, Lancashire, coal merchants—C. Kay and S. Duckers, Manchester, builders—W. Shackell, T. Lyons, and F. 11. Edwards, Coppice-row, Clerkenwell, printing-ink manufacturers (so far as regards the said W. Shackell)—J. Rigg, T. Wakefield, and 11. Rigg, Old Broad-street, silk mercers (so far as regards the said T. Wakefield)—C. Garner and S. Garner, Queen-street, Cbeapside—O. Lemon and G. flare, Drury-lane—W. Howse and W. E. Gorringe, Titchborne'-street, Westminster, chemists—W. Dal gliesh and R. D. Reeves, Liverpool, wine merchants— Elizabeth Peters and IL Forrester, Orange-street, Bloomsbury, glovers—N. Crooke, H. Crooke, and A. A. Crooke, Liverpool and Calcutta, merchants—l. J. Moller, N. Hess, and J. Alexander, Manchester, commission agents (so far as regards the said I. J. Moller)—Mary Evans and Evan Jones, Ruthin, Denbighshire, woollen drapers—F. Bays and A. Bays, Blackfriars road, cheese mongers—ll. C. Marshall and G. Smith, Regent street, Waterloo place, auctioneers--J. Nixon and T. Marshall, Crooked, Yorkshire, quarrymen—E. C. Holmes and J. J. Holmes, Gloucester, ship brokers—T. Brooke and J. H ttfield, Doncaster, booksellers—W. Holmes, G. Holmes, and H. Holmes, Derby, ironmongers (so far as regards the said W. Holmes)—T. Craddock, J. Muscott, and R. E. Hodges, Birmingham, engineers (so far as re gards the said J. Muscott)—J. Jaffray and A. Smithers, Great St. Helen's, ship brokers—W. Fenwick and T. Lawrence, George -street and James-street, Westminster, smiths—T. Teed, jun., and J. Hurn, Gedney-hill, Lin colnshire, millers—T. Dunnett, Princes-street, Ro:her hithe, and J. Howard, Manningtree, Essex, traders. INSOLVENT PETITIONERS, William Woolliston, Birmingham, pearl button maker. Henrietta Carter, Newark-upon-Trent, milliner. George Simco, Emberton, Buckinghamshire, blacksmith. John C. Allardyce, Whickham, Durham, bookbinder. George Davison, Gateshead, publican. William Smith, Gateshead, flint glass manufacturer, William Young, Blaydon, Durham, dealer in gunbowder, Mary Hill,Sidmouth, Devonshire, milliner. James Gould, Sidbury, Devonshire, innkeeper. J.ln M. Smeltem, Winlaton, Durham, grocer. James Stephenson ' Bury, Lancashire, Benjamin Hanson, Birmingham, manufacturer's clerk. William Powell, Balsall-heath, Worcestershire, cord. wainer. Elizabeth Sharpe, Hudderfield, confectioner. John B. Naylor, Keighley, Yorkshire, bookkeeper. Joseph Bothornley, Newport, Monmouthshire, attorney's clerk. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. J. Grieve, Edinburgh, cattle dealer, to meet within Dalgloish and Forrest's Sale-room, Edinburgh, Nov. 7 and 28, at two. J. Ogilvy, Aberdeen, baker, to meet within the Lemon-tree Tavern, Aberdeen, Nov. 9 and 30, at two. D. Little and J. Heslop, New Cumnock, Ayrshire, contractors and merchants, to meet within the Commer cial Hotel, Ayr, Nov. 8 and 29, at one. PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, computed from the returns made in the week ending October 31, 1848, is 225. 10d. per cwt. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. (From the London New Price Current of Nov. 3.) SUG.A.R.—To-day little variation took place in the value of Raw Sugar, but the home and export demand was not much brisker, and supplies were plentiful. West India was not offered at any decline, but home trade buyers operated with caution, and the purchases amounted to only 560 hhds and trcs, including at auction 93 hhds 36 brls Demerara, ehris ttlized, which sold at 47s 6d for fine, 40s to 44s 6d for middling to good, and low 34s 6d. Of Barbadoes 158 hlihds 6 trcs were disposed of upon rather lower terms, fine yellow at 40s 6d, good middling and good 37s to 38s 6d, middling 35s 6d to 36s 6d, and low 355. The total sales for the week are 1,622 hhds, &e. REFINED.—To - day large purchases were made in Re fined Goods for home trade purposes, and prices closed with firmness; brown grocery lumps at 47s 6d to 48s, and standard lumps at 48s 6d. Bonded Crushed unal tered in value. MAURITIUS.—This afternoon there was not a better demand for Mauritius, and 572 bags at auction were in part sold at about the former value, low greyish yellow at 34s to 34s 6d, mid 355, and out of condition 32s 6d to 335. MAST INDIA.—This afternoon a public sale of 2,072 bags 494 bskts Penang Sugar went at a reduction of nearly is per cwt, but the whole to ld ; good yellow at 34s to 34s 6d, greyish syrupy yellow 303 to 31s, one lot brown 295. Of Bengal 3,813 bags were offered and sold at a reduction of is for grainy, but other sorts generally fetched full rates. Of Madras 1,244 bags were taken in at 35s to 36s for middling yellow, fine 40w, damp 32s to 39s 6d per cwt. FOREIGN.—The private operations in Foreign Sugar for the week are, a cargo of yellow Havannah at 20s; one of Bahia at 16s 3d for brown, and white 203; also small parcels of yellow Havannah at 36s to 40s, duty paid. To-day at public sale 843 boxes white Havannah Sugar were taken in rather above the value—good and fine at 31s to 32s per cwt. AioLAseEe.—The low rates current for West India occasion a good demand to prevail, and the sales for the week are ZOO puns Barhadoes at 14s 6d, Cuba 15s to 16s per cwt. Bengal Treacle is in fair request at 15s to 16s 6d, and at which holders are not so willing to sell. The stock of Molasses is nearly 3,000 puns smaller than last year, and deliveries are getting better, whilst prices rule very low. TEA.—There has been no arrival this week, and mer chants refrained from submitting any at auction. No improvement is visible in the position of the market, and privately a large amount is on offer. For black prices remain much the same as on this day week, the amount of business concluded has been of little moment, as the trade only purchase sufficient for their present wants. Congou of ord quality can be bought at 7d, and good common at lid to 8d per lb. Green is readily offered upon former low terms, yet there is much dulness in the trade for all sorts. For Scented Teas the market ex hibits some signs of improvement. - COFFEE.—This afternoon there was not much desire evinced to do business in Foreign Coffee ; at public sale 672 bags Rio were offered ; good ordinary pale sound was taken in at 24s to 255, but damaged sold at the moderate rates of 17s 6d to 225; 562 bags St. Domingo, all damaged, found buyers, first class 25s to 265, second 203 to 24s 6d, third 21s to 23s 6d ; 54 casks 322 bags Ceylon went at barely former rates, good middling Plan tation 535, middling 45s to 48s, low middling 40s to 425, fine fine ordinary 33s to 37s 6d, good and fine ord 28s to 31s 6d, mixed pea berry 375, triage 16s to 235, and damaged 24s to 335. Of Mocha 98 bales were taken in at 46s for middling yellow, rather heated, only 41s being offered. The market was quiet for Native Ceylon at 27s to 28s. RlCE.—East India met with more attention in the early part of the week, and purchases, to a fair extent, were made by private treaty. Prices also advanced 3d to 6d per cwt—and holders offered only a limited quan tity for sale. At auction 4,199 bags of Madras were all disposed of ;: mid and good pinky white at 8s 6d to 9s 6d ; 3,499 bags Bengal, good mid white Ils to lls Gd, and damaged 7s 6d to I Is. By private contract, mid to fine white Bengal fetched Ils to 13s 6d, cargo 7s 6d to Is, and pearl Barley 8s to 9s. In cleaned not much business has been done, still Carolina is held for 25s to 28s for town dressed, and Patna 12s to 19s per cwt. Prices rule high for Tapioca as the supply is small, and the demand good. At auction 40 barrels sold at 7id to Bid for good and fine white. SPICES.—To-day Black Pepper met with a dull de mand, and 1,363 bags at auction only in part sold at barely former rates—good clean black went at 2/d to 2i-d, damaged 2d to 21d, sound Malabar was taken in at 2d for half heavy brown, and grey 2g.1, but damaged sold at lid to 21d. Nutmegs are wanted and 18 bxs 5 bags 1 brl went at an advance of 3d to 5d per lb—fine brown Penang realised 4s ld, good 3s 5d to 3s 9d, middling 2s 9d to 3s ld, small 2s 6d to 2s Bd, mouldy is 4d to 3i 6(1. wormy 5d to 9d. Of Mace 10 cases were sold at full rates—fine bright pale 2s I Id, good 2s Bd, mid 2s to 2s 3d, and slightly mouldy 2$ 4d. SPIRITS.—Prices arc further depressed for Leeward Island itum, and only a small amount of business has been concluded at Is 4d to is 53 for proof. East India is little wanted, and is 3d to is 4d is the nearest value. Demerara is offered at a further reduction, amounting to only 100 puns, 33 to 35 per cent over proof of good qua lity 2s 2d to 2s 3d, and 30 to 34 fine 2s 3d to 2s 53. There is much dulness in the market for Jamaica, THE PEACE CONGRESS, CONFERENCE OF THE FRIENDS OF PEACE AT THE HALL OF COMMERCE, ON TUES DAY MORNING LAST, THE 31sT ULT. A numerous and highly respectable assemblage of the friends to the great and growing cause of universal peace, met at the Hall of Commerce on the above morning, to consider various practical points and future operations necessarily arising out of the advancing character of their movement. The meeting had been called by cir culz.r, and in obedience to the call gentlemen assembled on the occasion from different and distant parts of the kingdom; and a collection of more earnest, business-like men is very rarely seen. They evidently had the great cause at heart, and their whole bearing evinced a sober determination of purpose, that nothing short of confi dence i❑ ultimate success could produce. JOSEPH STURGE, Esq., of Birmingham, having been voted to the chair, proceeded to open the business, by explaining its nature and objects, and described the character of the interview between the deputation and Lord John Russell. _ Messrs. Richard, Scoble, Fry, and Stokes having been appointed secretaries to the Conference, and a large number of letters of adhesion to the cause from eminent men, at home and abroad, having been read or reported, among whom were the names of Dr. Dick, of Dundee, Dr. Mortimer, of London, Dr. John P. Smith, of Ho merton, Mr. Simpson, of Trinity College, Cambridge, &c. &c.—the address to the Governments of Europe and America, adopted at the Congress at Brussels, was also read. The time and place of holding another Con gress on the continent of Europe were then discussed at length, and with great intelligence, at the close of which it was unanimously resolved that another Congress should be held at the most suitable time and place; and a further discussion having ensued, it was resolved with equal unanimity, that preference should be given to Paris as the place, and to August, 1849, as the time. The necessity of spreading more extensively on the Con tinent the proceedings at the recent Congress at Brus sels was then discussed and it was resolved that a full and authentic account of that Congress should be pub lished in the French language. The importance of in troducing the question of arbitration to the House of Commons was then considered, and after close examina tion, it was referred to the committee to obtain the ser vices of some influential Member of the House for this purpose, and it was further resolved that suitable mea sures should be taken to stimulate the constituencies throughout the country to influence their represoatatives to support the question whenever it should come before the llouse. A committee, consisting of thirty-two gen tlemen, residing in London and its vicinity, was then appointed ti carry into effect the resolutions and recom mendations of the Conference, with power to add to their number. It was also resolved unanimously that a spc eial fund of not less than 5,0001. should be raised for the ac complishment of these various objects, and that the friends of p , ,ace throughout the country should be re er,mmended to contribute liberally to this special effort, The committee . having been duly authorised and in structed to adopt suitable measures for carrying into ef fect the resolutions of the Conference, the meeting closed with a very general conviction that the earnestness which had been displayed was a presage of more ex tended success to the cause of peace throughout the world. _ _ _ . . At a conference of the Friends of Peace, held at the Hall of Commerce, on Tuesday, Oct. 31, 1848, Joseph Sturge, Esq , in the chair, the following gentlemen were present:— Georga Alexander, Ipswich; William Ashby, Houns- low; Thomas Ashby, Sraines; John Baillie, Ipswich; Richard Barrett, Croydon ; J. D. Bassett, Leighton Buzzard ; Joseph Barrett, London ; James Balfour, Maida Hill; Richard Barrett, jun., Mark-lane ; Isaac Bass, Brighton; Thos. Beggs, Walthan3stow; Rev. W.ll. Black ; Mill-yard. London; Robert Bond, London; Chris :opher Bowly, Cirencester; Samuel Bo wly, Gloucester; M. Alexander Brockway, London; George Bradshaw, Man chester; John Bunt, Liverpool-street; Rev. Jabez Burns, Paddington ; Samuel Burlingham, Worcester ; Elihu Burritt, United States of America ; S imuel Catten, Plaistow; John Cassell, London; Joseph Cash, Coven try; Thomas Catchpool, Colchester; L. A. Chamerou zow, Camberwell; W. M. Christy, Kingston; Robert Charlton, Bristol ; Henry Clapp, .jun., Massachusetts, United States; Joseph Clark, jun., Southampton; Joseph Cooper, London ; E. F. Collins, Hull; Rev. Ebenezer Davies, Berbice; William Dent, Marr, near Doncaster; G. C. Drew, Christchurch; George Edmet', Maidstone; J. Passmore Ed xards, Islington; James M. D. Ellis, London; Wm. Ewirt, E•q., M.P., London; Wm. Faw cett, Sleaford; Francis Fox, Tottenham; John Foster, Hull; Edmund Fry, Plymouth; Charles Gilpin, London; Burwood CeAllee, Lewes ; James W. Green, Gough square, Fleet- street ; William Grimshaw, jun., Witham; Joseph Harlock, Finelon, near Wellinborough; Wrn. Holmes, Alton ; Thomas Hudson, Tokenhouse yard; Joseph Huntley, jun., Reading; Charles 11iudley, M.P., London; John G. Hewlett, Stepney-green; Wm. Irwin, Manchester; Rassell Jeffrey, Peckkam ; John Lee, Esq., L.L.D., F.R.S., Hartwell, near Ayles • bury; Richard Littlebody, Berkhampstead; Thomas Love, Little Britain; C. H. Lovell, M.D., Nelson square; Rev. Thomas W. Matthew, Boston; Charles Mackay, London; Edward Miles, Liverpool-street; M. M. Monro, Enfield; John Mottram, Little Britain; 1). G. Pain, Deptford; James Peek, London; Stephen Rigaud, Woburn-buildings, Tavistock square ; Rev. Henry Richard, London; E. W. Richard, London; Henry Isaac Roper, Bristol; Charles Saunders, Cob ham; John Scobte, Landon; Joseph Shewell, Col chester; Rev. 'Thomas Spencer, Bath; Thomas Squire, Berkhampstead; Rev. John Stevenson, M.A., London; John F. Stevenson, London; Rev. William Stokes, Bir ' mingham; Joseph Sturge, Birmingham; William Suter, Greenwich; Samuel Surge, Loudon; Rev. J. B. Talbot, London; Rt:v. Henry Taylor, Wondbridge ; Frederick Tuckett, London; John F. Tyler, Kenning ton-lane; Rev. William Tyler, Spitalfields; The Hon. A. Vissehers, Brussels; William Ward, A)leibury; Rev. F. G. Williamq Hackney-road; J. G. Williams, jun., Hackney-road; Shakspere Wood, Edinburgh; Rev. John Woodwark, Upton, Essex; Rev. T. E. Wycherley, Tring. ADDRESS OF THE PEACE CONGRESS TO THE GOVERNMENTS OF EUROPE AND AMERICA. In the month of September last, a Congress was held in the city of Brussels, whose great object was to promote and secure permanent peace among the civilized nations of the earth, by finding, if possible, an efficient substitute for the bloody, uncert , tin, and costly arbitrament of war. The Congress was composed of numerous individuals, speak ing various languages, living under diverse forms of government, and entertaining different political opinions arid religious convictions, but drawn together by a com mon sentiment of humanity, and an ardent desire to pro mote the welfare of mankind, by removing the causes and incentives to war. The eminent position which you occupy in the councils of the nations of Europe and America, induces the Con gress, of which we are the representatives, to submit to your serious consideration the great and important questions which formed the subject of their anxious de liberations ; and respectfully, yet earnestly, to invite your attention to the conclusions at which they arrived. They will be found embodied in the following resolutions: Ist. That, in the judgment of this Congress, an appeal to arms for the purpose of deciding disputes among nations, is-a custom condemned alike by religion, reason, justice, humanity, and the best interests of the people; and that, therefore, it considers it to be the duty of the civilized world to adopt measures calculated to effect its entire abolition. 2d. That it is of the highest importance to urge on the several Governments of Europe and America, the necessity of introducing a clause into all international treaties, providing for the settlement of all disputes by arbitration, in an amicable manner, and according to the rules of justice and equity—special arbitrators, or a supreme international Court, to be invested with power to decide in cases of necessity, as a last resort. 3d. That the speedy convocation of a Congress of Nations, composed of duly appointed representatives, for the purpose of framing a well-digested and authoritative international Code, is of the greatest importance, in asmuch as the organization of such a body and the unanimous adoption of such a Code, would be an effectual means of promoting universal peace. 4th. That this Congress respectfully calls the attention of civilised Governments to the necessity of a general and simultaneous disarmament, as a means whereby they may greatly diminish the financial burthens which press upon them ; remove a fertile cause of irritation and in quietude ; inspire mutual confidence ; and promote the interchange of good offices, which, while they advance the interests of each state in particular, contribute largely to the maintenance of general peace, and to the lasting prosperity of nations. These substitutes for war adopted by the Congress re quire no arguments to enforce them, for it is evident that if they be adopted and applied, that terrible scourge of humanity will cease to afflict and degrade the nations. Few, if any of the wars, which for centuries past have desolated the earth, can be justified on the ground of equity, utility, or necessity ; nor can any ono of them be cited whose fearful results are not loudly condemned by the voice of humanity and religion. The war-spirit of past generations has loaded most, if not all civilised nations with enormous debts, paralyzed their industry, interrupted their commerce, retarded the progress of science, literature, and art, and created a spirit of jea lousy and animosity among the nations which long years of peace have not been able completely to subdue. Europe at this moment presents the melancholy spec tacle of an " armed peace." Her mighty legions are ready to take the field; and it is feared that under these melancholy circumstances a single spark from the torch of War, may wrap the world in flames : May God avert so terrible a. catastrophe I t h e T h h a e n g d r a e a o t f q t u nn es s t e io t n o s of Peacewhomthe and h n gov e rnmentWa r areconfided the t ' na tions has been entrusted. Their responsibility is as great as their power ; and while the Congress would earnestly pray that " The God of Peace" may deign to preside over their councils, it would implore them, in the name of the dearest interests of humanity, civiliza tion, and religion, promptly to adopt the most effective measures for preventing a return of the horrors of war, and for securing to all nations the blessings of a solid and t:ea a lea ,_ d_s • s t r , i c il , t 1 ker. The t - t • s 3L ution of arb!tration for war would be an immense Ste c, towards this object; the principle, and the ng th it e progress s might o b u e n d embodied poltica n l opinions specia l f countries; for the porpoze of i cIP Za . ieet: which i ct enlightened S : :3 l 7 o tk T l id tp a t he thee N intelligible ur a 'venrtloalgn(ual b s a i °jibe s a ; wi aneC e nee n noa ( tni l ntgthmthreeeeresdinlsiiiictoEr: different of a High Court of Nations, accordance comprchensiv, 3 principles of suocnhs, a f c ur od the final adjudica tion the C:233 sea of war, but cement don of moot questions ad a noble and holy with the great and great a result, n it p is eo d ples. slisiarramblae?lthr n a that Code, would not only alliance betw( e a both governments b til b e o l- u n n i i n t e t a s i k s e i j e t7; t l d ot ) i l 7a e, o g r a. e s s n o s e u ra e l h a a n n d a s u i t 7 w l i t t a h n o e u o t u s compromising nyigfugii: ace. ..Q: ~:.- be, on Pri Irel by wou Pror ►cost Man neitt thb oPpo bein i It --ho Chan • At Ulm Acts Tf t Anne I' An /TOT] room, !IP 45 pest r Ably ' , guar nes', son 41 Bette] An confl( Adi street Must' and d tom solita Ilectc Edltit Iternt Tht uluch tain e atoi ka i n►ent