The Sun. — London, England, 1866-08-24 00:00:00

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. SUADIEIZ SEASON.—Doors open at Half-past Seven, performances commence at Eight o'clock precisely. THIS EVENING, a New and Original Drams, In Three Acts, by Warts Phillips, Esq., entitled THE HUGUENOT CA PTA IN. Principal characters by Mrs. Stirling, Miss Neilson, Miss Augusta Thomson; Mr. George Honey and Mr. Vining. Grand Pallet of Bohemians, in which MM. Flageo- New let, Clodoche, Comete, and No rmande, will appear. scenery by Mr. F. .1-I..iyds. NEW TIIEATRE-ROYAL ADELPIII. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING. at 7 precisely. THE FAST FAMILY. 3fessrs. Bitlington, J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, R Phillips, Ashley, Eburne; Mrs. A. Mellon .Miss Woolgar), 3liss H. Simms. 1:11iss Fu'tado, Miss Smith, Miss Seaman, 111 , s God- Sall, and Mrs. H. Lewis. After which a Burlesq ue O p era. called HELENE ; or, 'Liken from the (`meek. Messrs. J. L. Toole, I'. Bedford, R. Phillips, Ashley, Eburne ; Mrs. A. Mellon, Hiss Furtado, Miss Seaman. Miss Godsall,&c. ItOYAL STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager , ss, Mrs. wanborough. THIS NV EIS IN G, Trim wEAL II eRCOCK. After which. will be produced the Latest Edition of RENIT.WOIL 1 borne, Jame., Fenton, and 'T urn er ; Me ß sd T ames Ada Swanb,2rough, Raynham, John stone, and bolt To conclude with TIMOTHY TO TILE, RESCUE. THE "SUN" NEWSPAPER.— G. E. GLENIE, Sporting Library, 4, Connaught terrace, Edgware-road, is specially appointed AGENT to deliver the LATE EDITION of "THE SUN" at the earliest possible moment after leaving the press. tie is able to deliver copies in Town, the Suburbs, and in many parts of the Country at a comparatively early hour the same evening, say 40 miles by 9 o'clock. Orders by Post punctually attended to. THE "SUN" NEWSPAPER.- G. R. GLENI b.; delivers tie LATE EDITION al Chelsea, 7.40; 8; Starch-green, 8; Woolwich, 7.30; Uxbridge, 0.20 ; Watford, 8.4.3. THE LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN." J. 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HIGH WATER► AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, 12h. 40m.—Afternoon, lb. 3m. To-Mounow.-Morn: g, lh. 24m.—Afternoon, lb. 48m. a ti #4 „T I , .00 • . LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 24, 1866. The debate on the address, in reply to the Speech from the Throne has occupied the chief attention of the Chamber of Deputies, and the whole has been adopted after much discussion had taken place, only twenty-five members voting against it. Some very plain speaking was heard during part of the debate, especially from Dr. JACALY. He said that the recut war had not been in the interest of the people or of freedom. This is an announcement more in conformity with truth than any that we generally hear from an assembly of Prussians. He admitted that a glorious success had attended the vesture of the Royal army, but he declared with perfect justice that the "strengthening of the Prus sian monarchy could not be approved from a German point of view." This i% an exact description of the state of affairs, and aptly represents the condition of things. Of course all ended in talk, however, and BIS3I.‘IICK has had his ownway, as usual. Here after these numerous protests may be expected to have some effect in bringing people to a right under standing of what has taken place. It appears to be on matters as speedly as possible in the formation of a German Parliament, and in the consol;dation of their recent acquisitions. A l l is put aside that does not immediately bear upon this point, and the troops are being withdrawn with great despatch ; so much so, indeed, that only 6,000 men remain in Prague. This is certainly a satisfactory announce ment, inasmuch as it shows that there is no inten tion of continuing the war at present. It is said, indeed, that peace has been signed between Prussia and Bavaria, but of the authenticity of the state ment doubts are entertained. No doubt, however, if incorrect, the news is only premature, and that in a day or two we may find such to be the case. Peace seems now all the rage, just as a few months ago noth;ng but war would satisfy the German States, great and small. The fact is, that BISMARCK is so elated at the success he has met with, that he is anxious to make the most of them, and, there fore, seeks to secure them before any doubt is entertained as to the validity of the possessions he has recently acquired. Notwithstanding all the strenuous effoits made, however, it will take some time before the work of annexation can be com pleted, and meanwhile various knotty .points will have to be settled. The other day, in the Chamber of Deputies, there was an animated discussion at the sitting of the committee on the Annexation Bill, Count Ms- MARK being present. Some of the difficulties to which we have alluded presented themselves in the course of the debate. It was proposed by some member that an amendment should be passed for the purpose of converting the 44 personal u n i on ' , intended by the bill into an immediate and " abso lute union." Count BISNIARCK did not appear to entertain any very decided objection to this scheme ; perhaps, indeed, it is what he has been all aloro , driving at, only he has considered it more expedient to make a show of moderation to begin with, until he has felt his way, and weighed all circumstances. lle replied to the suggestion made to the effect that he would consult with the rest of the Ministry on the subject, and this looks significant, because if he really disapproved of it he would not have been slow to say so. In support of this idea we find the Pro vincial Correspondence declaring that it is far from being the intention of the Prussian Government to connect the annexed States with Prussia by a mere personal union similar to that of Lauenberg. Pur suing the theme, the following emphatic declara tion is made that the KING assumes the Go vernment of these States, not as King of llanover, or Elector of Hesse Castle, &c., but as King of PRUSSIA, and in the name of the Prussian Monarchy. We have all along suspected that this was the object in view, notwithstanding the elabo rate professions made. If we are to credit the ex planation given by the journal referred to, it would seem as if this notion of a personal union was Merely a feint, and done in order to gain time. It is said that the arrangement was mad e b ecause it was im portant not to have any delay, and it w as essential that a• change should be effected that would establish the permanent sovereignty of Prus sia over them, and had other modes been adopted some time must necessarily have elap se d . One of the most unfair things in the settlement of affairs appears to be the condition, imperatively imposed, of all the States paying a sum to Prussia for the purpose of defraying the war expenses. Such a stipulation is harsh in the extreme and entirely uncalled for. Nothing compelled Prussia to go to war except her own greediness, and it is quite out of character that the unoffending States which were forced into the war should he compelled to contribute to the expenses of Prussia, while they have a heavy burden of their own to bear as well. Such a piece of tyranny is, however, only in conformity with all that we have witnessed of Prussian policy for many years past. The denial in the Moniteur of any commu nication having been made by the EMPEROR to the King of the BELGIANS is regarded as a good sign, since it shows that there has been no idea enter tained of the frontiers of France being rectified at the cost of Belgium. This is truly considered to be a very satisfactory announcement, for it would profit the French but little to acquire the said territory, while the interference would do them great harm in their reputa tion for political honesty and fair play. Belgium has deserved well of the nations of Europe, and it would give great offence in many directions were its integrity to be assailed for no imaginable cause but the law of conquest. One of the most noticeable signs of peace is to be seen in the circum stance of the Italian prisoners having been set at liberty, who fell into the power of the Austrians at the battle of Custozza. These indications of the certain cessation of war will do much to restore things to a more satisfactory state than they have been in for some time past ; but it is, indeed, vexa tious to think of the many disastrous effects the war has produced with no counterbalancing gain, for the only Power that has profited will abuse every advantage she has acquired. The British Association is now actively at work, and its several branches have plunged into the dis cussion of numerous abstract questions. They range over a very wide field ; aud, if not exactly roaming " from grave to gay, from lively to severe," they wander from mathematics to anthropology, from BAKER in the nineteenth century at the source of the Noe to Caesar's account of the early Britons. Among these multifarious subjects there were many interesting matters brought up, and although the principal paper read in Section A—the report of the Lunar Committee on the mapping of the moon— was chiefly directed to scientific hearers, the paper which followed it "On Electro-negative fog, and more particularly the dry mists wb:ch occurred over London and its neighbourhood in June, 1861, and August, 1866," attracted a good deal of attention, especially as it elicited from Mr. GLAISIIER some remarks respecting his famous "blue mist." Mr. GLAISUER observed that he did not assign to it any connection with the actual development of cholera; indeed, where the blue mist was most intense ap peared to be the most healthy; but there was a very remarkable coincidence in its appearance at the time of the late outbreak of disease, and the phe nomenon was, he considered, well worthy of inves tigation. As a proof that there is really some con nection between the presence of cholera and the appearance of the blue mist, we may remark that Mr. GLAISHER has been watching for it during the last two years, but has never seen it until lately. This subject will, no doubt, be pursued by our scientific men until they are able to arrive at some practical conclusion. In Section C, Geography and Ethnology, under the presidency of Sir CHARLES NICHOLSON, there were several valuable acquisitions to scientific stores to be considered, The Presi dent in his opening address remarked upon the gains of the past year, foremost among which he naturally placed the researches of Sir SAMUEL BAKER ; but as the meeting was fortunate enough to have the opportunity of hearing that gentleman's own recital, Sir C. NIC lIOLSON did not go into details. The efforts made by other African travellers, induct ing M. DU CHAILLU, of gorilla celebrity, and the unfortunate Baron VON DU DECK EN, were re ferred to, and the exertions of the numerous parts of the world have carried on their researches were also included in the summary of the year's achievements. Prominent among these were the labours of Captain MONTGOMERY in North Western India, the exploration of the Parus river in South America by 'Mr. CHANDLErts,:and explorations in Australia made through Dr. MULLER'S exertions. Sir Ch A.RLES remarked that although the geographer may regret that he has no new worlds to conquer, but must confine himself to filling up the outlines which others have sketched, yet there is much re maining to be done. Africa is full of uncertainty and mystery. Australia is as vet but imperfectly known, and our scanty acquaintance with the geo graphy of New Guinea is, in Sir CHARLES NICHOL SON'S opinion, a reproach to our discoveries. Sir SAMUEL BAKER, who was warmly welcomed, delivered an address on the Abyssinian tributaries of the Nile. After having dwelt upon the efforts made centuries upon centuries ago to discover the source of this marvellous river, Sir SAMUEL observed that the inundations were now most satisfactorily ac counted for by the sources of the White Nile being concentrated in the two large lakes which for many months in the year received the rainfall from lofty mountains. Sir SAMUEL • BAKER'S address was listened to with the deepest interest, since every word he said was confirmed by personal experience, and his audience knew that his asser tions were not merely speculative and theoretical, but had borne the searching test of practical expe rience. Sir SAMUEL BAKER'S superiority to all those petty feelings of jealousy and detraction which so often darken the character of the most distinguished men was strongly shown by his cordial testimony to the achievements of SPEKE and GRANT, and to the great service which their observations had been to him. After expressing his gratification at the public recognition of his services by the QUEEN and by the country, Sir SAMUEL said he felt some regret that SPEKE, who had led the way through Africa, had died without receiving any testimonial; " but he felt sure that SPEKE'S name would be proudly remembered by Englishmen when every title was forgotten." The titles won by such heroic labours as those of Sir SAMUEL BAKER and his high-spirited wife are not, however, to be lightly laid aside ; and the name of BAKER will henceforward be inseparably associated with the exploration of the sources of the Nile. The members of the Mansion-house Committee continue their labours in the most indefatigable manner, and they have the gratification of wit nessing the abatement of the disease, a result, no doubt, due in a great measure to the promptitude and liberality of the remedial and preventive mea sures. At the same time, as the LORD MAYOR yes terday observed, there is a terrible amount of dis tress and suffering consequent upon the epidemic, and those recovering from its attack are often left enfeebled for a time, at least incapacitated from supporting themselves and their families. There are hundreds of cases in which the bread winner of a family has thus been laid aside in addi tion to those numerous instances in which the loss of one or both parents had thrown a family of orphans on the world: We are glad to see the LORD MAYOR taking the question of the future of these poor children under consideration. Their case is certainly one which forcibly appeals to the sympathy of the public. Many of them, if their parents had lived, would have been broug to trades, a n d lived if ht up poor, respectably an d inde pendently. , If they are sent to the parish, what is their future likely to be ? However excellent the THE SUN, LONnt3.N, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 24, 1866. teaching or praiBbworthy the arrangements of parish schools, we all know that a stigma is attached to pauper children. When they leave school they must go to the workhouse and get branded as pau pers. If boys they start in life under great disad vantages, if girls the odds are ten to one against them. It is well worth while to consider whether some effort cannot be made on behalf of these chil dren to keep them up in the social scale, for the de gradation of every citizen is a loss to the State. The LORD MAYOR is wisely determined to avoid a balance, and to lay out the money entrusted to the committee for the purpose for which it was sent, and we do not think he can do better than in devoting some portion of his funds for the assistance of these fatherless eb"dren. CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS. (FP.031 OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) PARIS, Thursday Evening. - - The Constitutionnel says ;—" The Berlin pap do not yet confirm the news of the conclusion of peace between Prussia and Austria. Public opinion in Italy is impatient at the delay in the negotia tions, and is anxious that peace should promptly put an end to the present state of uncertainty." The following is from the bulletin of the Moniteur: " Peace has just been concluded at Berlin between Prussia and Bavaria. The suspension of arms which expired to-day, has been prolonged until the signature and the ratification of the treaty. The cession of territory to which the Bavarian Govern ment has agreed is insignificant, but it wilt have to pay 30 millions of florins for the expenses of the war. It is not exactly known what conditions will be imposed upon the kingdom of Saxony. The negotiations for peace between Austria and Italy will take place at Vionna, and the treaty will be signed in that city." Little children now appear to be trained up in the way they should not go, at least if the following be an example. As the wife of a tradesman was walking along the Faubourg St. Antoine a little child of 13,ran up to her and joyously threw her arms round the lady's neck, saying, " Oh, my aunt, what happiness." The lady, gently extricating her self from the child's caresses, told her that she was mistaken, for she did not know her. "My God," said the child, " I see that is true. I was mistaken. I beg your pardon." The child, upon this, took a contrary direction, apparently much grieved that she had not found her aunt. The lady soon found she had been robbed of her purse, and suspecting her she made a search after the little innocent,whom she found at a wine shop with her father and mother, whom she was treating with the produce of the money. The purse was found upon the father. The Frankfort journal publishes a notice from the new civil governor, Baron de Platow, on assum ing his functions in that city by order of the King of Prussia. He says he arrives full of confidence and goodwill, and he hopes to find the same senti ments among the inhabitants. The Baron then states that no change will be made in the relations between the civil commissioners in the territories of Nassau and Upper Hesse. The Gazette of Northern Germany announces officially that the annexation of the kingdom of Hanover to Prussia is an accomplished fact. A constitutional question of some importance is to be raised before a Paris tribunal. 'The point in- volved is somewhat similar to that raised some five and twenty years ago in regard to the louse of Commons, in the case of Stockdale v. Hansard. The point is, whether an individual can obtain damages or reparation for statements which be con siders defamatory contained in a report of the pro ceedings of the Legislature. M. Brouillon, the complainant, seeing in the Moniteur in the Parlia mentary report a letter and some observations which he considered injurious to his reputation, claimed insertion of an article in reply to them. In the Evening Moniteur there appeared a modification of the report, and of this he particularly com plains. For the present the proceedings are merely to compel the insertion of his explana tion in the Moniteur, which is refused by that _ - parliamentary reports in England . and in France. Journalists cannot have a report from reporters of their own, but must use one authorised report fur nished by shox t-hand writers appointed for the pur pose. In the case brought before the House of Commons the alleged defamation was contained in a parliamentary paper, and the House of Commons claimed privilege for all documents published under its authority. Lord Denman, however, said it was monstrous that any body should exercise a privilege which would enable them to publish articles which might be injurious to the reputation of an English subject. In the present case, should the French court refuse the claim for the insertion of the ex planation in the Moniteur, the complainant, I believe, intends to bring an action for damages and defama tion before another tribunal. The Journal des Debats defends the Extradition Bill passed by the House of Commons last session against the attacks which have been made upon it by some of the papers. It says that the change is simple, though important. It will no longer be ne cessary to have a witness to prove the authenticity of documents transmitted from France, as was for merly the case. It has only been voted for a year, but we should be glad to see the bill made per manent. Accounts from Li"e state that the cholera has almost ent;-ely disappeared from that town. A touching proof is mentioned of the solicitude of the Empress for her subjects. Her Majesty sent the Marquis de Piennes, one of her Chamberlains, to a l l the houses of the relatives of the persons who were killed or injured at the fête, and took to them succour and consolation. The money was given in a most kind and delicate form. It was contained in a small purse, and the recipient was requested to take it as a souvenir of thp Empress. Summer has not left us after all, as people began to fear. Since the sun rose till evening it has been bright and beautiful and intensely hot. The ther mometer at mid-day was as high as it has been any clay this year. The Moniteur announces that the Princess Marie Clothilde Napoleon, the wife of Prince Napoleon Jerome, has entered upon the sixth month of her pregnancy. A letter from Berlin, dated August 20, says : " The definitive treaty of alliance between Prussia and the Northern States of Germany was concluded upon the basis detailed by the Count de Bismarck in his despatches of the 4th of this month to the Courts who placed their troops under the command of the King of Prussia. It now remains to nego tiate with the Duke of Saxe-Mciningen, who voted with Austria at Frankfort, without, however, taking any part in the war, his contingent having been de signed, according to the avowal of Prussia, to form the Federal fortress of Alayence." Business at the Bourse to-day, like yesterday, was inactive, and consequently with little variation in prices. AN UNEXPECTED EMERGENCY.--I was highly amused at a story told by the captain concerning Lord Grosvenor, who was among his passengers some time since. This nobleman is the eldest son and heir of the Marquis of Westminster, whose fortune is enormou s , and said to produce the imme nse sum of .£150,000 per annum. He is highly intelligent, and the variety and depth of his information would be considered great oven for a com moner. Ho has travelled extensively in all parts of the world, and it is not long since he returned from a lon.- tour in the - United States. Whi!o at the W es t h e was ono day waiting at a country station for a tardy train, when one of the farmers of the neighbourhood entered into con vers.itiim with him. " Been about these parts consid'able, o • stranger ?" " Yes, for some length of time." "Like pretty rb w hero ell, 2 ,, A few weeks." ?" "Yes, pretty well." "How long ha ve y What's yer business ?" "I have no business." "What are you travellin' for, then ?" " Only for my own pleasure." " Don't yor do any business ? How do you get yor livin' then ?" " It is'at necessary for me to work for my support. My father is a Iran of property and gives mo an allowance sufficient for my wants." "But s'pose the old man should die?" "In that case I dare say he'd leave us enough to live upon." "But s'poso ho should bust up ?" Hero the conversation ended, and Lord Grosvenor walked away, evidently struck with a new idea, and one which had never been so - forcibly presented to him until now.—Bodoil LA TEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) SPAIN. MADRID, August 24. A Royal decree has been issued, suspending for six months the levy of export duties at all the ports of Cuba, without distinction of flag. GERMANY. FRANKFORT, August 24. The Legislative Assembly of the free town o: Frankfort sanctioned, yesterday, the conclusion of a loan of 12 millions of florins. MAYENCE, August 24. The state of siege in this town was raised yester day. The Prussians will march in the day after to morrow. FALMOUTH, August 24. The William Duthie of Aberdeen, from Sydney, 92 days, was off this port this morning, with gold to the value of £14,384. OVERLAND MAILS, CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. MALTA, Aug. 23. The Syria left at midnight on the 21st, and the Ceylon at 4 p.m. to-day. The former may be ex pected at Marseilles on the 24th inst., and the latter at Southampton about the Ist September. BANK OP FRANCE. PARIS, August 23. The following is the return of the Bank of France for the week ending to-day, together with the cor responding figures of the previous account : DEBTOR. Aug. 23. fr. e. Capital of the Bank.... 182,500,000 Profits in addition to capital (Art. 8, Law, Juno 9, 1857) 7,044,776 02 7,044,776 02 Reserve of the Bank and its branches Reserve in landed pro perty 4,000,000 Notes in circulation ... 967,178,125 Banknotes to order and receipts payable at sight Treasury account cur rent creditor Current accounts, Paris 311,274,835 71 322,515,556 36 Do. branch banks Dividends payable 1,869,274 75 2,093,328 75 Discounts and sundry interests Rediscounted the last six months Surplus of receipts not Aug 16. fr. 182,500,000 22,105,750 14 22,105,750 14 4,000,000 970,092,525 28,953,757 38 28,435,912 63 2,372,304 91 2,372,304 9 distributed Smithies 8,880,108 70 9,351,896 27 Total CREDITOR. Aug. 23. Aug 16. Cash in hand and in fr. c. fr. c. Branch banks Commercial bills over due Commercial bills dis counted, not yet due 287,541,705 34 286,474,816 09 Do. branch banks 336,458,187 355,112,106 Advances on deposit of bullion Do. branch banks 11,453,300 Do. on French Public Securities 13,269,400 Do. by branch banks 8,042,900 Do. on railway shares and debentures D. branch banks 22,817,500 Do. on Credit Fencier Bonds Do. branches Do. to the State (Con vention, June 10, 1857) 60,000,000 Government Stock re- 184,216 02 2,863,148 18 18,314,400 11,881,700 13,257,200 8,145;600 34,557,100 2696',100 684,100 - 694,600 485,600 - 479,000 60,000,000 servo 12,980,750 14 12,980,750 14 DJ. disposable Routes Immobalisdes (Law, June 2, 1857) 100,000,000 100,000,000 Hotel and furniture of the Bank and landed property branches ... Expenses of manage- 8,298,993 - 8,291,536 went - Sundries 920,746 67 685,380 17 15,106,146 90 21,126,485 94 Total 1,716,363,036 53 1,724,561,421 20 Certified by the M-pu ty-Gevernor of the Bank of France. (S i gne d) BOULAND. The Inventor of the Need'e Gvr. Amongst Pauly's workmen at Parrs was an in tel"gent Prussian, by name John Nicholas Dreyse, the son of a locksmith in Sommerda, near Erarat, and, moreover, a pupil of the eminent Italian che mist Berthollet. Berthollet, it will be remembered, was welt versed in the chemistry of wrr ; he had euccealcd in supplying the patriotic armies of France with the materials of wrr, when her sup plies were cut off by the eneyri.es that surrounded her, pointing out the means of obtaining saltpetre from the co", and of forming al Lificial nitre-beds; and under him Dreyse rigently studied the pre paration of explosive compounds. In the construc tion of Pauly's experimental gun Dreyse took a deep interest, which he doubtless turned to profit able account in after yea 7s. In 1821 he lest Pats, and estabrshed himsdf in his native town as an engineer and iroyfounder ; and in 1824 eet up a manufactory for percussion caps, which caps he improvei by the invention of the capper interior lining which supplanted the old coating of varnish, and for which he obtained a patent and special pri v"e,es. This business brought Dreyse into official connection with the Prussian Ministry of War, and, taking advantage of the occasion, he was not long in suggesting plans for the improvement of his country's armaments; but the public mind, nauseated with bloody wars, was then indifferent to a"t matters connected with fire-arms. By perseverance, how ever, he secured attention, and even received en couragement; and in 1827 submitted to the milita-y fi t th ne etre`, Wei; gra n argi . ar'y L ir a nyn er through the breech-pin, and firing a fu'minating compound that, with the beet, compised the cart ridge, for the charge contained no g anpowder. Tuis gun was in appearance very 'le the small-bore fancy rifles for rook-shooting, &c., t) be found in gunsmiths' shops. The gun was not adopted because it re lui red a caution in its use that a soldier might neglect in the heat of an engagene it, and which, neglected, might have caused ink ,- y to the person who happened to load it. Undaunted by the rejection of his first gun, Dreyse in the next year, 1828, submitted another ; this, too, was a muzzle-loader, but it embodied the prin ciple of the now famous ignition cartridge, wb'ch in this gan was held in the chamber by a sma" spring, and fi-ed by a neare propelled by a spiral spr . lg. It was wb"e th's second weapon was under tr:al that Dreyse had the good fortune to become personally known to the then Crown Prince of Prussia, afterwards IC'ng Frederick William IY., who took the warmest interest in the prowess a l- cad) , made, and seen-ed for the inventor the co-operation of sbilful officers and en gineers. The i Art val between 1829 and 1836 was occapird with the profound study of the principle and constructive deta"s of the gun and its cartridge. Liberal sears of money were voted in each annual be lget, and the mechanical genius of the country was brought to bear upon the perfection of the wea pon. But a constant difficulty had ocer - =ed from the use of iron barrels,which would, and wilt, always wear loose at the breech ; this was overcome in 1836 by the introduction of a barrel formed of cast steel, and then was produced the gun whose fame is now echoing through Europe, and of Which 60,000 copes were immediately ordered. These were in 1841 served out to the army ; one hundred men of every batta l 'on of the line being equipped with them. The royal decree—which, it must be remembered, came from a_ king wh o h a d served a good appren ticeship to milita7 art, and who, from his education and training, was well able to judge the merits of a weapon—justifies lb's adoption of the needle-gun in the fo"owing remarkable words :—" Tire rifled needle-gun ia, according to our present connection, the perfection of military arms; and its practical introduction will no doubt lead to its adoption in all branches of the service. The result of nume rous experiments made us appreciate this invention as an especial d i spensation of Providence for the strengthening of our national resources ; and we cherish the hope that the system may be kept secret, until the great part which it is destined to play in history may couple it with the glory of Prussian arms and the extension of enapiae." With what a prophetic import has the history of the past few weeks endowed these words ! The use of the needle-gun by the Prussian infantry became gene ral about 1848: slight modifications in its construc tion were introduced in 1854, 1860, and 1862 ; while in 1857 the cavahy regiments were prosided with a breech-loading carbine. From the factories at Sonnerda, Spandau, Erfurt, and Danzig, 105,000 needle-guns can be produced annually, while the actual number of these arms possessed by Prussia last year amounted to 660,000. We be lieve that Herr von Dreyse, who was born in 1788, has . I :Ned to see the fearfu'ly successful result of his labours. A few months ago he was in the enjoy ment of full health—and abundant wealth ; and it is hardly likely his death could have occurred re cmtly without creating attention, we may reason ably conclude that he is still alive.—Once a Week. THE PILCIIAED FISILMIF,S.—The accounts from the Nor:h Sea which have reached Penzance &minis the past week have been more favourable than on former occa sions. We have heard of one boat wb 4 ch has caught £BO worth of he! :ngs in one week. The li:sh fishery draws fast to its close. Several art:vals have taken place sines our last, and in many instances the boats have not cleirell the expenses attending their outfit. At St. Ives the seines were put in pay on Monday, and the boats stemmed at 'fie rent stations. Vessels and boats report at St. Ives large quantities of pilchards in the Bristol Channel, and it is hoped the fishery may be succossfr', as the mackerel and Irish fisheries have been failures so far vs St. Ives is con cerned. At Scilly some pilchards have been taken by ordi nary hancl-neti6.--CorniA Telegrairn• OUTWARD BONIBAY MAIL. The China, from Southampton on the 12th inst. arrived at 7 p.m. on the 20th and left at 6 the nex, morning for Alexandria. The Tanjore, from Marseilles on the 20th inst. arrived at 6 p.m. on the 22d, and left at 6 p.m. to• day for Alexandria. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE GERM 3 SOUTHAMPTON, Thi -, :sclay. The llamburgh and American Company's steam ship Germania, from New York on the 11th inst., arrived tb's morning, is ith 69 passengers and 4,000 dols. in specie for llamburgh. On the 13th she passed the steamer Bavaria, on the 20th the ship Berin, and on the 22d, off Start Point, the llamburgh barque Condor. FRANCE. The departu-e of their Majesties for Biarritz is expected about the 4th September. The Princess Mathilde left St. Gratien yesterday for her villa of Belgirate, on the Lago Maggiore, where she intends remaining until the end of Sep tember. A Council of Ministers was held yesterday at Saint Cloud, the Emperor presiding. The Empress was present. A serious accident occurred two evenings back at the Theatre Francais. Verdelet was acting iu the " Avare " when, in coming hastily on the stage, his foot caught in a trap and he fell, breaking his le g above the ankle. He is going on favourably. A swarm of locusts, from some quarter not ascer tained, has been making great ravages in the arron dissement of Roanne (Loire). The Progres of Lyons says that a field of lucern of about four acres near that town has been completely devoured. The Journal de la Savoie also mentions an inva sion of these destructive insects in the commune of Val-de-Tignes (Savoy), by which much injury has been done to the crops. The Moniteur publishes a return of the compara tive results of the railway traffic in France during the first six months of 1865 and 1866. The total length open on the old and new networks on the 30th June, 1865, was 13,207 kilometres (id a mile each), and the receipts for the six months 258,848,356 f. ; the average nn.,i- - 13,000, tile mean proceeds per kilometre were 19,761 fr. The extent of line open on the 30th June last was 13,662 kilometres, and the receipts for the half-year 284,399,282 fr. The average ex tent worked was 13,50-1 kilometres,and the product per kilometre 21,060 fr. The total increase for the six months of 1866 over 1865 was 25,550,926 fr., or an improvement of 1,299 fr. per kilometre, or 6 57-100 per cent. The Russian Correspondence of St. Petersburg gives the following statistical information on the population of Warsaw during the last three years. In 1863, out of 211,396 inhabitants, the number of births was 9,930, and deaths, 9,538, that is 45 deaths per 1,000 ; the number of births exceeding the deaths by 402. In 1864, the inhabitants were 222,906, the births, 12,867, and the deaths 8,286, that is, 39 of the latter per 1,000 ; the excess of births over deaths being 4,581. In 1865, the num bers were 243,512, the births 11,980, and the deaths 9,188, or a mortality of 40 per 1,000 ; the excess of births being 2,792. The Emperor and Empress of the French went yesterday afternoon to pay a visit to the Empress of Mexico. llis Majesty's health appeared to be completely re-established. Their Majesties went in an open carriage, with postilions and outriders. In the same carriage were General Reille and an orderly officer. A second carriage contained different persons of their Majesties' suite. The command of the flotilla on the Lake of Garda, which had been entrusted to Garibaldi, has been withdrawn from him and placed under the direc tion of a superior officer of the Italian navy. Considerable bodies of Prussian troops continue to traverse Dresden, coming from Bohemia. Great numbers of them are directed on Hanover. " The belief is gaining ground," says the Presse, " that a Ministerial crisis exists in Vienna, and a complete change in the Cabinet is thought likely to take place in a short time. This crisis is attri buted to the embarrassing financial situation in which the empire is placed. One of the Ministers is said to have proposed a tax of 25 per cent. on the coupon of the public debt ; but that deter mination, which would revive the recollection of the disastrous measure of the Italian Government and be equivalent to a national bankruptcy, has not been sanctioned by the Council." The Moniteur du Soir has the following :—" The difficulties which had for a moment excited fears of a resumption of hostilities between Austria and Italy have been happily removed. A definitive armistice has replaced the successive truces, and the negotiations are commencing for the conclusion of peace. This news has caused the liveliest satisfac tion among the populations of Venetia, who had been profoundly moved by the prospect of a con tinuation of the struggle." PARIS, Aug. 23.—Two o'clock. — But very slight changes have occurred and scarcely any business was transacted. The market opened as nearly as possible at yesterday's prices, and the few variations which have occurred are as follows :—French Threes were done at 69f. 71c., or sc. higher ; Italian Fives at 53f. 30c., or sc. lower ; Mobilier at 645 f., or an improvement of 2f. 50c. ; Comptoir d'Escompte at 875 f., or lf. 25c. higher ; Credit Fencix at 1,310 f., or sf. lower. The railway market continues very inactive. Three o'clock.—No change of any consequence has occurred, the closing prices being as follows : 4i per Cents 99 Lo. end month — 3 per Cents. Do. end month 69 10 Credit Mobilier Do. end month Credit Fancier 1300 Do. end month 1320 BAIL' Bank Shares 3570 Italian Loan 53 20 Do. end month 53 40 Mexican Loan 2B 50 Do. Bonds 172 50 Spanish Throes Homo Debt — Deferred VAYS. For Account. Orleans 877 50 Northern 1137 50 Lyons and Mediterranean 875 Southern 528 75 Western — Eastern 537 50 Sardinian BO Austrian Lombard 390 North of Spain — Saragossa 125 Ditto to Farcelona Roman willsilitilitsmiimesmistitit TELEGRAPHIC CODING. Coding is to telegraphy what telegraphy was to let ter-writing not many years ago. It bridges space more certainly, effects an enormous saving in time, and is imperfectly understood. Hitherto coding has been confined to such merchants and others as arranged a series of private signals with their agents, and has never been adopted on a uniform and com prehensive sale. Private coding has, however, been employed more with the view of securing secrecy than speed; and a code which should at once promote accrracy, cheapen messages, end nye labour, has long been a desideratum with telegraphists all over the world. When the first Atlantic cable was laid, the importance of cocVfying messages sent through it was so strongly felt that an elaborate volume was compiled, by aid of which it was hoped to abbre- N:ate language and save time. It was reserved, how ever, for the successful. lay ing of the cable of this year to elicit the most perfect code yet attained. The following certificate, signed by Mr. Cyrus Field, Mr. Cromwell Varley, and Professor Thorn son, tells its own story respecting the system in vented by Captain Bolton, the heads of which we propose to explain : "We have witnessed several trials of Captain Bolton's system of coding messages. These have been transmitted through the Atlantic cable, first by the Morse alphabet in fu'l, and then codified. " The messages have been correctly transmitted, and the time occupied in doing so through the cable has shown a saving iu favour of Bolton's code for messages of ordinary character, varying from 50 to 400 per cent., according to the nature of the message. " C. F. VAIILEY. " CYRUS W. FIELD. WILLTA3I THOMPSON, " July 9, 1866." It may be added that Mr. Latimer Clark and the rest of the scientific and practical electricians con nected with the undertaking concr-red in the above testimony, and that we are able to confirm it from having practically tested the merits of Capt. Bolton's system. Every message sent through the Atlantic or any other telegraphic line may be expressed, some, in half, some in a fractional part of the number of words now employed. Any company who had the exclusive use of this czde could afford to send mes sages at a moiety of the price demanded by its rivals • any telegraphic agent enjoying its monopoly could reduce his expenditure and amp7ify his inte"igence at least 50 per cent. ; and any merchant in posses sion of the secret and the means of working it m'ght telegraph to his agents in a'l languages and in every part of the world at less than half the rate he e•s burses now. in proof of this, and to show that the code effects even gi-eater economy than has been claimed for it, an interesting experiment was made yesterday. The following message was taken from the journals of the morning ; and coded, when it was found that sixty of what electricians know as " ele ments," or, in other words, sixty deflections of the needle or ray of light, sufficed to express every word and fraction of a word it contains : " AMERICA. " (BY ATLANTiC TELEGRAPH.) " NEW YORK, Aug. 20 (Even'ng). " Gold, 1481. Exchange on London, 1581. 5-20 United States Bonds, 1104. Middling Up land, 34;c." The message was moreover put into code and read off without a moment's delay or a single error; vnd the general reader wf'l understand the enormous saving implied when he le2rAs that " elements" in the Morse alphabet rre the " dots" and " dashes" which go to form the letters, so that &xty of these represent a considerably less number of cha racters. Nor is there any cr fficulty in mastering this silrL'ing system of abbrel:ation, or i-npaiting its mysteries to telegraphic operators. Since Co lu-nbus bru:sed the egg there has been nothing s'rnpler or more effective than Captain Bolton's mode of rendering whole sentences by a few symbols, and long words in a couple of characters. Another curious thing is, that any language under the sun, provided it is expressed by the Eng"sh alphabet, c-In be transmitted by this code. Neither the opc raf•nr who transmits the ine ..o. s c, nor the clerk who transfers it to paper, 400 d c ' °. `"P iebella " of the tongue they a7e conversing in; mere nonsense words can be expressed with a Ile faci"ty ; and the whole charm can be learnt in a few minutes. In deed, this qxperiment might be easily tried. a few gentlemen were, we will ny, given facilities for inqu'ring into the work;ng of the code—none of whom had seen or investigated it before—and were asked what languages they were acquainted with, selections might be made and messages written out and d'stributed in such a way that each man should hold a sentence he could not read. Five minutes' explanation of the system, and the means of work- ing it, would enable every one present to express the sentence he was unable to comprehend in the symbols cf the code. These symbols can always be read off with ease by those acqyainted with the method, and thus the absurd rnd annoying tele graphic d'incultics respecting foreign words and places seem to be at an end. An order for a banquet to the celebrated Fran catelli, sent the other Jay by the ord;nary telegraphic method, came out thus : P. :ink Morn. and, it ;s unnecessary to add, was seriously delayed in consequence. the paragraph re cently quoted by a contemporary shows the havoc made by the Incran telegraph of native names, and few of us at home use the NCI-es frequently without learning how easily a- simple Enesh mes sage may be transposed and its mean 4 ng lost. By the code under consideration these mistakes are im- possible. At present it is necessary to use the Eng lish alphabet —a stipulation leaving an enormous margin ; but the system could he employed to any extent and in any character or cypher. On the 26th of last June the following message was sent through 2,374 miles of Atlantic cable by reversals in this code, and transposed into Hindustani without a single slip or repeat:—"Ajkyah calm hi hanko nzaloom nay Toom guddah pursand lii." But the vast- practical value of the invention 's the greater speed and cheapness which can be se cured for ordinary messages. Not one of the morsels of news published in the newspapers per Atlantic wire but might be sent at a saving which is incal culable. The President's and the Queen's congra tulations we have seen coded, and they would have been worked across at a reduction of nearly a hun dred per cent. in the number of words used. The commercial items supplied by Mr. Reuter might, as we have shown above, be transmitted day by day in a few symbols by this method, and the public have some right to hope for its general adoption, and the acceleration of peace which would necessarily follow. Captain Bolton has had long and successful ex perience in codifying and signalling, and, in con junction with Co►nnder. Colomb, of the navy, tried some important experiments for the Government a couple of years ago. Their then object was to esta blish a system of conveying messages by signal from ship to shore at great distances in such a way as to supplement the electric telegraph, and it is admitted on all hands that this was effecWally done. After many trials made independently these gentlemen decided that to communicate effectively by night and day the " dot " and " dash" alphabet invented by Professor Morse for the electric tele graph must be used, and its application extended to the flashing of lights and the sounds of a steam whistle, bugle, and fog-horn. By thcse means it was proved that communications of a character hitherto unprecedented for accuracy and speed could be easily made at vast distances, and without the operators being x:sible to each other. The code now 'rider consideration is, however, exclusively designed for electric communications, and the advantages it claims may be briefly sum marised :—G aiu of speed; si mp" city of transmission; non-Yiability to mutilation in passing through foreign countries ; facility of repetition ; and ap plicability to any language by translation without loss of time. If these things are proved, as the electricians declare they are, and as the investiga tions conducted independently show, the public may hope for the full benefit of the invention, and that the evils of blocked electric l;nes and consequent delays shall be reduced to their misimum.—Daily .Yetes. , 4. ft /.1° 1(cl/flu tutifiar HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, Aug. 23. The Queen, accompanied by their Royal High nesses Princess lonise, Princess Beatrice, an d Prince Leopold, drove iu the Home Park th is morning. The Mayor of Windsor, attended by the Tow n Clerk, had the honour of presenting to the Que en this morning an address of congeatulation from t he Mayor and Corporation of Windsor upon the war" I:age of their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princes s Chr'istian of Schleswig-Holstein. Her Maje. - _,ty was attended by Lady Churchill, th e Lord and Groom in Waiting, and the Master of the Household. Her Majesty, with their Royal Highnesses Pi inch Lor'se, Princess Beatrice, and Prince Leopold, left Windsor Castle tls's evening, at a querter befo re seven o'clock, for Balmoral. The suite in attendance consisted of La d : j. Churchill, the Hon. Emily Cathcart, Major-Gen eral Sir T. M. Biddulph, Lord Charles Fitzroy, Dr* Jenner, Mr. Sahl, and Mr. Legg. Princess Victoria and Princess Erza,beth of ge ss° left the Castle this morning for the Continent. The Hon. Emily Cathcart has succeeded t he lion. Flora Macdonald as maid of honour. Lord Charles Fitzroy has succeeded as Equer i l in Waiting to her Majesty. IRELAND. PUBLIC ENTRY OF THE VICEROY• DUBLIN, Thr'sday Night. , The public entry of his Excellency the Marge .° of Abercorn took place this day, and was the we st imposing pageant witnessed in Dublin for mail years. There has never been a larger concours e ° spectators or a more enthusiastic reception of a Viceroy. The Lord-Lieutenant landed at Well o'clock in Icngston, and at half-past twelve reache d Dublin, accompanied by the Marchioness of Abe t• r ' corn and the members of his family. .A . 9. the Pe' • lie bli'ldings were decked with flags, and at every point of the route the cheering was loud and gea e c i ral, the assemblage was exceengly orderly, a ll only one arrest for misconduct is reported. an His Excellency reached the Castle at one, o 4 held a reception at which the principal personalt y" in Dublin were presented. Deputations from the corporation, the universitil and other public bo'es will be received on Sa tlit: • day. The Duchess (Emily) of Beaufoi:; has arrived 7 1 Dupplin Castle, near Perth, on a visit to the Earl se i Countess of Kinnoull, from Grimstone Park, the 0 81 ° Lord and Lady Londesboreugh, near Tadcaster. RANK AND FASHION AT PENZANCE.—Yeste raN afternoon there arrived at the Queen's Hotel Lady Af eje ,r f worth, of Pencarrow, Lord and Lady Skelmersdale , ue Emily Villiers, Viscountess Holmesdale, Lady Susan VA Tempest, Mr. and Lady Virginia Sanders, G elcine and the Hon. Mrs. Dudley Carleton, Lady Dore e, Nevill, S. S. the Marquis d'Azeglio, the Marquis of Lord and Lady Otho Fitzgerald, Mr. P. Alderson, the 11,°11; James Stuart Wortley, the Hon. N. Harris Temple' Corny Cornellan, Mr. Sartoris, and Mr. Hamilton '1 3 `" In all, these visitors are 21, and they come to Penzae,irceo,l tA is understood, as the guests of Lady Molesworth. " c i them are 12 attendants. Arriving at the Mairazion PT; tion, about three o'clock, Lady Molesworth and herfri en tie , proceeded to the Mount, and inspected the ancient Os" Mr. John St. Aubyn, M.P., was not at the Mount, but Ye% soon saw Lady Molesworth, and, doubtless, gave he be cordial welcome to this part of Cornwall. All dined a t " Queen's," at 8, and to-day proceed—some to the 1 - 49° ,,, End and Logan Rock ; others to Botallack.—Cornish , graph. the CRYSTAL PALACE.—The fifth, and certainly most brilliant, of a series of pyrotechnic fetes; Vi , it r the general details of which the public are now / wri te " , was given last night on the grounds of the Crystal PP %I r The programme used on former occasions of a sir° 1.,. character was followed for the most part, but some le 3 P°4 taut additions were made to it which are worthy of s P ec ! - I notice. Tho display began, as usual, with the salute of a 6L.I f maroons, followed by the firing of three large set pio c° lo I. , anty. Tt was announced that Et har j, would ascend his spiral mountain at a quarter to 9 o'cle c o i and at that time he appeared on the platform and commeo e his performance. 'When, however, he had got up yards he slipped, and the ball up on w hich ho was wa n ,: fell into the network which is suspended beneat h column. Ethardo himself fortunately alighted without jury on that portion of the inclin e d pl an e on which th a t was resting when the accident occurred. Immediate'cr" after this two fiery comets were sent down with alu °i t rj o 'r velocity from the great towers of the Palace to the w ere temples During former displays similar comets mr lot fall on the basins of the fountains on the 111 / b r ie terrace, but on this occasion they were driven, e S t :i c ‘ ii been said, to the summit of the water temples, "' n on their arrival burt into most effulgent splendour,a ucli, c peered like a series of arches of floating fire with a waterfall slowly trickling down the sides of each. -A- mi l, loon to exhibit a magnesium light of crimson tint hu ll g been sent up at the same time the coup d' ce il w as of Ol e ; and unusual brilliancy. The fete terminated with a fi ne, of 1,000 coloured rockets an d sa l vos o f co l o ured ,5 " o with variegated stars. The numbers were — a dmissio ns ",., PaYment,.23,3o6 ; ditto by se ason ti c k e t s , 5,827; total tors, 29,133. A SUCCESSFUL CORN-C UTT E R AN D THE LAlsr":o A corn cutter named Louis, aged 61, was tried the days ago in P ar i s , on a c h arge o f h av i ng practised t g healing art without ha v i ng a d oc t or ' s d e gree. It ' L (I conclusively proved against him he had not only practis e,l illegally, but had illegally and effectually cured a gloat 11 1 .0 .. people who were afflicted with wens an d tumours. 3 . 1 * T f a • seller, counsel for the defence, submitted that to renl°'-cf: tumour or other excrescence was no more practising tine than cutting a corn. He proceeded to give a tr i - A ci marvellous account of the way in which his client Jibe become possessed of the secret which ho used fclr,,:p benefit of humanity. He had b een f or f or ty years a sr e j herd, and had observed th a t hi s s h eep care fully refr alP a from touching a cert a i n pl an t w hi c h seeme d to be r e P,,; cant to them. On ono occasion when he wished to 16- 0 some lambs, it occurred to him as a good way to Pr e ai d them from sucking to tie some leaves of this plant the teats of the mothers. The device was effectual ; to his astonishm en t, th e t ea t s s h r i ve ll e d an d fell off vit r t a few days ! He happened at the time to have a larg e '!ut at the tip of his nose. Reasoning by analogy, he it probable that this herb would get rid of his wart. S° did, and this was th e or i g i n o f hi s se cre t. The l e3r i v e counsel read a letter from a priest, " Abbe Ravant," to at 5, Vieux Chemin, is Montmartre, certifying that Louis" had relieved him of a wart on the nose. F °r f these illegal cures the court sentenced M. Louis to ?l e t fine of 151., a punishment which will certainly not de hint from continuing his practice. n f THE CONVICT BURROWS.—The execution - total' youth convicted of a murder at Hopwood is fixed to place on Saturday morning, at the New Bailey Pris° l3l she ford. The authorities, after taking into consideration 0, dangers which would attend the assemblage of a largo ; 49 0 .0 course of people in front of the gaol, h a ve given oll4l that the execution shall take place on the side of the b cV forming one of the boundaries of New B a iley-street. W ° oo , men are already engaged in lowering the wall on tfl at : s of and in erecting the scaffold and drop. Large erc' vr iA oJ people congregate to watch the progress of thew l. ' for policemen are employed to keep the thoroughfare oPentbo the ordinary traffic of the street. The convict's r a° c i a i i had an affecting final interview with him on INsd neS and his father was to see him yesterday. Further atte n 'r tatio are making to get his sentence commuted to penal Ser i° 60 0 for life, and the Home Secretary is to have hie a tte u e called more particularly to the evidence and to the recommendation to mercy. A memorial from the tre tratos and leading inhabitants would, it was exP ecte de no forwarded last night. It is said the prisoner has r at cla d secret of his guilt since his conviction, and is not e% Pee d to therefore, to make a formal confession. lie is reP clt co o' be very penitent, and in the opinion of his clerical tiots forters is said to stand in bettor hope of forgivones3 99 out of every 100 people outside the gaol. 01 A vessel which arrived at Falmouth yes.'ere) reports having passed the wreck of a vessel on t ile ,:stO July in 1at.37 N., long. 69 \V., apparently burn t, no 0110 standing, decks blown up, and stern washed ou t. 6"e a white deckhouse forward, a gammon knee with gilt s-rthe on the side, and has apparently been a long time ie water. , Of THE NEW VICTORIA-BRIDGE.—In the notic the works at this bridge which appeared in ou r colas"" Tuesday it was stated that the Brighton con)P-,,503 branches have been constructed by Messrs. Piclo rin ,f il tle Heywood. Wo aro desired to explain that the two g ar th e named had separate contracts—Mr. Pickering for for the construction of the lines, and Mr. James Hey w o od wrought-iron and cast-iron bridges. h CO lll 4 THE LANCASTER ELECTION INQUIRY.-- 2 - e , t ow rnissioners (Mr. T. J. Barstow, Mr. R. M. Noirta - t he Mr. Alexander Stavely Hill) appointed to inquire the Sli m' borough of corrupt practices at the last election ,ebirc, borough of Lancaster commence their sitting s at tbe hall, at Lancaster, on Monday next. Jr• P^" Int tic Fri ] Yeti 14 ( rat 1310, lea lir ; gel ri ot Illi 1 110 hre qr