The Sun. — London, England, 1848-07-03 00:00:00

- Now ready, price 155., The SUPPLEMENT to BURKE'S HISTORY - of THE LANDED GENTRY OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND, Con t a ining the History and Genealogy of about 500 a dditional Fa milies, with references to upwards of 10,000 Persons connected with them by marriage or descent ; besides New Particulars respect ing the families comprised in the first two volumes. Henry Colburn, publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. JUitt ready, in 3 vols. post Bvo., with Portraits of Pope Plus IX., the Emperor Leopold. and Manzoni. ITALY in the NINETEENTH CENTURY, and its PAST CONDITION. By JAMES WHITESIDE, A.M., M.R.S.A., One of her Majesty's Counlel. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street, (Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty). jaNB, MAJESTY'S THEATRE. Mdlle. JENNY LIND. The Nobility, Patrons to the Opera, and the Public are respectfully intornaed, that a Grand EXTRA NIGHT will take place on THURS DAY next, on which occasion Mdlle. JENNY LIND will appear in one of her favourite characters. With various novelties in the Ballet Department, combining the talents of Mdlle. Carlotta Grisi, Mdile. Carolina Rosati, Mdlle. M. Taglion', Mdlle. Cerito, &c. &c. The Fr le List is suspended. the public Press excepted. Pit Tickets may be obtained as usual at the Box-office of the .Theatre, price 10s. 6d. each, where applications for Boxes, Pit Stalls, suad Tickets are to be made. TIER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. lle. JENNY LINO. X TIIILBERG has the honour to announce that his CON CERT will take place on MONDXY, July 17, and will be supported by the talent of 3ldllc. JENNY LIND. A Programme of the arrangements will be shortly announced. Gl-I:—,l.Srsiani, Steffanoni, Castellan, and Cor bari, Viardot Garcia and About, Mario, Tamburini, Taglta lic°, and Marini, will sing at the last GRAND MORNING performed CON CERT, on FRID AY NEXT, July 7, when wi be Beethoven's MOUNT OF OLIVES, complete; a Grand Miscel laneous Stalls, Alendelssohn's Midsummer Night's Dream. Tickets, and Boxes at Cramer, Beale, and Co.'s, 201, Be gent-street. --------. 8Y,..------- --- SPECIAL DESIRE. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Mr. and Mrs. CHARLEt KEAN respectfully inform the publichat ti BENEFIT will take place TRH EVENIN G, July 3, t on whic he h r occasion will be performed, BY SPECIAL DE SIRE, Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton's Comedy of MONEY, and Mrs. Centlirre's TRE WONDER (compressed into three acts.) Places and B oas t be had at the Box-office, and of Mr. C. Kean, Long's Hotel, Bond-street. _ _ .. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRZ. Mdlle. JENNY LIND. TO-MORROW LA FIGLIA DEL ENTO. Mdlle. Jenny Lind ; Suplizio Sergente, Sig, F. Lablache ; Tonto, Sig. Gordon'. To conclude with the highly successful New and Original Ballet D i ver tissement, by M. Perrot , the Music by Sig. Pupa, entitled, LES QUATRE SAISONS. Summer, :Mlle. Carlotta Grisi ; Autumn, Mdlle. Carolina Rosati ; Winter, Mdlle. Marie TN:Boni ; Spring, Aldlle. Cerito. PAS.—Refine du Printemps, du Printemps, Regue de l'Ete, de Regne de l'Automme, de l'Automme, Begne de l'lliver, de du l'Union des Saisons. Applications for Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets, to be made at the Box-office of the Theatre. Doors open at halt-past Seven. and commence at Eight o'clock. TURATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. 1:1B I-- the Nt anseement of Mr. B. Webster. cols Lessee. MR. AND MRS. CHAR EVENING _ wn be performed the Comedy of MONEY. To conclude with the Comedy of THE WONDER. Don Felix, >lr. C. Kean ; Donna Violante, Mrs. C. Kean. Awe Manager, Mr. /emu; Acting Manager, Mr. F. Webster. J. T. Archer, Itox-book keeper. Boxes, ss . ; Pit, 3s. ; Gallery , 2 s. ; Upper Gallery, Is. Doors open at Ralf-past Six, Performance to commence at seven. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII. Under the direction o: Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING Will be performed a new and original Drama, called HARVEST HOME. Principal characters by Messrs. IL Hughes, Lambert, Wright, I'. Bedford, 0. Smith, Madame Celeste, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Frank Mattherws, Miss Turner, &c. After which a new Farce, called GOING TO THE DERBY THE DERBY DAY. Mr. Jerein ah Twiddle, Mr. Wright; Mr. John James Chucks, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Captain Nobble, Mr. Worrell ; Mrs. Chucks. Mrs. Mathews ; Mrs. Twiddle, Miss Woolgar, ',lro conclude with DEAF AS IA I'OST. s, es.; Fit, 423. , Uallery, Is. Boxe ov en at Gail-past Six., Performance to commence at Se ven. . ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Management of Madame Vestril. Sole Lessee, Mr. Charles Matkews. THIS EVENING, Will be performed a new comic Drama, entitled THE TUTOR'S As, i„f, haracters by Messrs. Selby, C. Mathews, F. Cooke, Roxby. G•ranby, Kerridge ; Mrs. C. Jones, Miss Howard, and Miss Jane Coleman. . Atter A•tvi•a, VIE BEGGAR'S OPERA. Captain Machaath, Mr. IV. flarn;on ; Peachum, Mr. F. 3latthews ; Diver,Mi Kath leen Fl ; Lucy. - Coleman. Vestris , Jenny Miss Jane Coleman. To conclude with a new comic Drama, entitled ANYTHING H FOR A CHANGE. Char acters b y Messrs. Harley, C. Mathews, onner Mrs. L. Murray, Miss K. Ftizwilliam, and Miss Ma Galler rshall. Is. No Dress Boxes, ; Upper Boxes, me an P 2s. ; y, half-price to any part of the house. The Box-office, No. 2, Wolllngton-street, to open to the rubcie every day, from Ten till Six. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Mr. J. M. Maddox , soleV Les onland -plasee and Manager, Dnehess-street, ce. TH 4 - Li VENING, Will be performed THE DAUGHTER OF THE REGIMENT. After which THE SPIRIT OF GOLD. Dress Clrcle, fa. : Boxes, 45.; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S TIIEATRE. Lessee. Mr. John Mitchell. 33, Old Bond-street. THIS EVENING The Performances will commence at Eight o'clock, when Will be performed L'ALMA ACH DES 25,000 ADRESSES. To conclude with L'ENFANT DE QUELQU'UN. bs. ; 35. 6d.; Amphitheatre. 3a.; Gallery ; 2s Boles and Stalls may be obtain'•d at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 3, Old Bond-street. ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. ROBERT HOUDIN con. inues to attract crowded and fashionable audiences at the St. James's Theatre, to witness his extraordinary nd original SOlltEEs TO-3FANTAST W IQEVEN II ES, I which he will repeat 101t1t0 G, and every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Evenings, commencing at Half-past Eight. in consequence of the great demand for places, he will repeat his MATINEES FANTASTIQUES on WEDNESDAY MOANING next, July 5. Doors open at Two o'clock. Boxes and Stalls may he secured at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old loud-street. 14.0YAL SURREY THEATRE. Re-engagement of Mr. T. P. COOKE. THIS EVENING, will be performed a new and original Drama, In Eight Tableaux, pour raying by living characters George Cruilt , ehank's celebrated De heentitled THE DUNKR'S CHILDREN. Edward and Emm ( Drukkar ,R i's Children) by Mr. N. T. Hicks and Mrs. a Roy R. Homier, supported by this talented company. After which THE LOST SOS. To conctide with THE CHATEAU D'IF. Manager and Treasurer, Mr. 11. S. Fairbrother. ASTLEI"S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. ritzball's new gorgeous Chivalrous Spectacle pre-eminently success• ful.—Unparalleled Equestrian Feats. THIS EVEN' sa, Will be performed, the new brilliant Spectacle, founded on Sir Walter Scott's celebrated poetical Romance, and entitled MAR )LION ; or, The Battle of Flodden Field. To be followed by the inimitable EXERCISES OF THE EQUES TRIAN TROUPE. To conclude with a Ballet. Box-office open from Eleven till Five. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. Attraction unprecedented. JULLIEN and his UNRIVALLED BAND. New Quadrille, composed expressly for the Gardens. Engagement of Miss lIUDD ART. Continuation of the Engagement of Mdlle. LOVARNY. The DAYLIGHT VIEW of ROME, by Denson. Superb and Unique MENAGERIE. Grand Display of FIREWORKS, by the Messrs. Southby. No Extra Charge. MONDAY, TUESDAY, WERID AY DNESDAY, THURSDAY, and F. View of Rome—Promenade Concerts, Vocal and Instrumental, conducted by Mons. JULLIEN, whose splendid Baud of Solo Per formers includes Messrs. Baker, Barrett. Bauman, George and Vic t i Co . —T Colllnet, Kcenig, Lazaru , Rlchard.on, Sonnenberg, loc.—Two Solos each Evening. —Millie. Lovarny will sing two fa vourite Songs, Miss Huddart will sing a favourite Song, and with Lovarny will execute an admires Duet.—Also to be seen, during the day, the beautiful Menagerie--Shakspere's House—The Magic Bridge—and other novelties will be exhibited, the whole concluding with a most magnificent and not to be rivalled display o f Fireworks, by the Messrs. Southby, representing the Girandola daring the Holy Week at Rome. Goes open at Ten A.M.. Feeding Time Five—Jallieres Concert at a Quarter past Six—Fireworks at Half-past Niue. Admission, as usual, One Shilling. TO CORRESPONDENTS. No communication can be attended to unless autheati. cated by the name and address of the writer. Rejected communications cannot be returned. THE WEATHER. —SUN OFFICE, JULY 2. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 44; Highest, 58; Noon, 63. BAROMETER, 29.93. _ _ WIXD W.N.W.; cloudy; sunshine, with slight passing showers. MONDAY, JULY 3. T sERNoMETER, Lowest, 52; Highest. 65 ; Noon, 69, BAROMETER, 29.83. _ WIND S.E. ; morning, muggy, with rain : afternoon, S.W.; eloudy. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. Morning .. 31 min. after 3 I Evening .. 52 min. after 3 r... -- -=•--- --- _ 4.4 g ee ~ ' . AS" ' • ROIT E 1., •",d I 1, ,~ i~l"~Cfl~l~'J~~ ~AS9~ LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 3, 1848. Infamous as the 23d of June will for ever be in French history, the 23d of February will for ever, also, be most memorable and most glorious in her re publican annals. England, in like manner, has re cently added a memorable and glorious date to her calendar. If France has her 23d of February, Eng land has her 10th of April, a day which is assuredly one of the most majestic and momentous in our na:- tional records. Those who regard the 10th of April merely as a rather dull affair, beginning with a pro. menade of special constables, proceeding with the poltroonery of the physical-force Chartists, and ending with the presentation of an obscene peti tion to the House of Commons by Mr. FEARGUS O'CONNOR, have no faculty for the appreciation of what is truly great, solemn, and affecting in the bearing of a mighty people, the people of this Eng- N EN\ Sl' \ It' -land of ours - " This precious stone set in the silver sea!" The :10th of April was a day both memorable and glorious, because it revealed to the whole world the solidity of the foundation 3 of our Constitution, those foundations being the love, the reverence, and the e•• putriotism of the population of Great Britain. Diametrically opposed to each other both in political and religious opinions, the inhabi tants of these islands most unquestionably are—yet in that one sentiment, the sentiment of civism, they are bound together as the rods of the symbolic fasces are bound together by a ligature, rendering the axe of the law both strong and indestructible. Tories, Conservatives, Whigs, Radi cals, Liberals, Reformers, Protectionists, Free-traders, Agriculturists, Manufacturers, Protestants, Roman Catholics, Unitarians, Dissenters, Churchmen, shop keeper, noble, clerk, gentleman, artizan, the wealthiest and the poorest, the drudge and the ennuye, the employer and the employed —all were ONE, body and soul, in their de votion to their country, in their loyalty to the SOVEREIGN who is the representive of their greatness, in their devotion to the Constitution which is the guarantee of their nationality, their freedom, and their prosperity. This consolatory and most memo rable fact was revealed by the 10th of April. On that day all party feuds were forgotten, the squabble& of faction were thrown aside, differences which had appeared most deadly only a moment before were postponed, if they were not actually cast for ever into oblivion, and all classes stood up together, simul taneously, cheerfully, and most resolutely, hand in hand, shoulder to shoulder, heart to heart, the cham pions and defenders of Peace, Law, and Order. That can never be forgotten. Posterity will remember that while in 1848 there was this symbol in one country— FRANCE, LIBERTY—EQUALITY—FRATERNITY ; there was at the same time this symbol in the other country— ENGLAND, PEACE-LAW- ORDER. Now that this great demonstration has proved the stability of the British Constitution, we can turn with a sense of security to the contem plation of the political situation, the political wants, and .the political capabilities of the different nations of the European Continent. And here we are materially assisted by the close reason ing, the lucid narrative, and the searching inquiries which have just been published from the manuscripts of the honourable and distinguished Member for the city of Glasgow. Mr. MACGREGOR has done yeomen's service to the popular cause in many other periods of his career, but never more visibly so than in this very period which has witnessed the ap pearance of his very remarkable pamphlet on the Progress of Civilization and the Contrast of the present position (the political position that is to say) of Europe and America.* The pamphlet is a work of the soundest logic, and will be inva luable to the future historian of England. It is written clearly, boldly, and directly to the point. There is no sham in it—no sophism—no subterfuges of sentiment—or prevarications of prin ciple. The great question of the age is fairly put—and we cannot but think that Mr. MACGREGOR has gone a great way towards its solution. The argument (we call it argument advisedly rather than narrative) —is divided in four parts : first, the " progress of civilization," secondly the " epochs of civilization," thirdly " the effects of the American and first French Revolutions," and fourthly, the " modern condition of Europe and America." To give at once, however, some more distinct and accu rate idea of the work, not only in regard to its tendency, but also in reference to its very manner — here is the preface : "In Germany, in the Austrian Empire, in France, and in the Italian, and others of the Continental States of Europe, we have during the first few months of the year 1848, beheld the commencement of the beginning of the effects, resulting from the folly of those rulers, who seem to have been incapable of being instructed by History. " When Napoleon was departing for Elba, he said in bitterness of spirit Ce nest pas la Coalition qui ma de trOne—ce sont les idees liberales.' It was not a Confedera tion of the States of Europe that drove the mighty con queror from the throne. It was the :power of those liberal ideas which he had scorned to adopt. Alluding to his re-establishing himself in power he said ' Je ne puis pas me Tetablir, choque les peuples.' He could not possibly re-establish himself. He had insulted all the people. He had outraged the public opinion of all nations. He afterwards uttered an expression which might serve for his epitaph peche contre les ideas liberales et je meurs.' I sinned,' said he, ' against liberal ideas, and I have perished.' " Le Temps avance au milieu des orages, vouloir, ar reter son impduosite, ce serait un vain effort;' meaning, that public liberty could not be arrested in its progress. Such was the opinion of Prince de Metternich about thirty years ag o, as contained in a dispatch to Baron von Berstett. t would have been fortunate if the em peror had profited by the sagacity of his minister. Those sovereigns and ministers who seem to have re tained their power after the events of February, 1848, by yielding, though perhaps too late, to the power of liberal ideas, and those who have been expelled from their country by the stern laws of necessity, and by the sovereignty of public opinion, are examples which may well stand forth as a warning to all others; especially to all those who are not yet guided by that forecast of the future, which ought to convince them, that the old order of things is not compatible with that indomitable march of civilisation, and that rapid development of intellectual power, which will not long submit to any except to an equitable distribution of the public burdens, and a just share of all civil and political rights. " The spirit of the age would not, even in Russia, maw tolerate the Czar Peter, were he to come forth with axe in hand, chopping off the heads of his soldiers. ' Quid leges sine moribus.' " May we in the United Kingdom profit, in time, by the experience of the past, as well as by the aspects of the present. Let us reflect upon cause and effect in studying the history of events, and we shall, with as conclusive a certainty as that of a mathematical corollary, be assured, that of all the evil causes which produce dis astrous effects, none have ever been, or ever can be, more fatal than that absence of sagacity and judgment, in legislation and in government, which disregards pub lic opinion. We mean that public opinion which is created, not by mere sudden incidents of fear or hope, but, by the indomitable progress of civilization, and the sound diffusion of all useful knowledge —including moral and political science. For upon this disregard to intelligent public opinion, and upon the shallows of arrogated, however antiquated, historical rights, and of the prestige of right of any one class of the exclusive few to power, irrespective of the commonweal of the many, have been wrecked almost every government, and every ruler, and minister, who have been discom fited—who have perished. "It will, indeed, be wise for those who consider themselves statesmen among ourselves, if they will study history as the Egeria which teaches wisdom by experience. If they do not—their power will irretriev ably vanish before the intelligence and wisdom of the age. "At no period of the history of this country, has the condition of the United Kingdom question' claimed more attentive and more serious consideration than it does at this very time. " Taking the British empire with the magnitude and complication of its moral, political, and material inte rests, and the enormity of its taxation and expenditure, that Minister has but feeble claims to the ability of a wise administrator—little of the magnanimous patriot— and less of the sagacious statesman, ,who does not rise above the prejudices of his education, and the preten sions of his class, when great events have changed the political aspect of the empires and states of Europe— when the people of these kingdoms are harassed by unequal, and burdensome, taxes—and when the real dan gers of the state arise—not from without, but, from any further procrastination of a thorough reform in the sys tem of taxation, and a real, and most assuredly practical, economy in the public expenditure. " In making the above observations, and in the course of, the following sketches, we are anxious that it should be understood that oar remarks and comments are upon the proceedings, omissions, and acts of rulers, adminis trators, and statesmen, as such ; without any invidious feeling or reference to their personal characters : for we hold it as a maxim, that it, is a political immorality, in a public writer or speaker, to use the vile weapons of abusive personalities. We also believe that there is no truer index to the absence of common sense, practical wisdom, and sound judgment—no sign more certain of puerility of mind, and of the utter want of magnanimity of sentiment, than that of personal virulence, either artis tically, satirically, or invidiously, which is too often too lengthily exhibited by public writers and speakers; and even within the walls of Parliament, where no man should ever enter except for the discharge of that so lemn and responsible duty which by the fact of his election he owes to the people, and to the , country. Having by this prologue afforded his reader some tolerable conception of his political sentiments as to the nature of the requirements of the present century, Mr. MACGREGOR plunges at once into the consideration of those abyssmal problems which are now convulsing the nations of the civilized globe. After insisting upon the great truth that "the History of Navigation and Commerce is the History of Civilization," the representative of Glasgow main tains with RAT AL, that " the nations who have civilized all the others have been commercial." In illustration of the truth of this assertion he traces civilization successively through—Tyre and Sidon, Carthage, Spain, Constantinople, the Hanseatic towns, the Venetians, the Genoese, the Pisans, the Florentines, and so downwards to * " Sketches of the Progress of Civilization and Public Liberty ; with a view of the Political Condition of Europe and America in 1548." By John Macgregor, M.P., Bvo., pp. 72. Whittaker & Co., London, 1848. our own generation. Subsequently he proceeds from the data accumulated by the past, to the necessities experienced by the present, and to the hopes indulged in as to the future. Solicitous as we are to enter at - - once and systematically into the examination of the reasoning of Mr. MACGREGOR upon these themes so vital to our national existence, we must nevertheless restrict ouselves to one other quotation. It is the last chapter of the fourth section of the pamphlet, being remarks on the financial condition of Great Britain. Those who bear in recollection the larger work of the same author, " The Progress of America from the Discovery by Columbus to the year 1847," will peruse with the most profound attention the following observations from the pen of a political economist so peculiarly reflective as Mr. MACGREGOR. He says— " The question of the most immediate and of the most pressing consideration, that which of all others in volves, under our artificial system of public and private wealth, the most imminent dangers to the state, is that of the heavy and unequal burdens, and the increased expenditure during a period of peace with all the world. "The history of the British revenue, expenditure, and debt, though dry in its materials, and tedious and repulsive in its details, has only been consecutively written down to the beginning of the present centu r y. We cannot now enter into minute details; we are neces sarily compelled to be brief. We hold it as the first great principle of moral, political, and public integrity, to maintain the national credit; we consider that the minister who would consent to any measure which would endanger that credit, as guilty of the greatest ad ministrative and public immorality. We consider it at the same time an immoral and public dereliction of duty to shrink from a searching and thorough investi gation of the expenditure, in order to ascertain how far that expenditure can be reduced, and therefore enable him to reduce the amount, and render equitable the im position of, the public taxation. "It is useless for us now to advert to the great public debt which constitutes our financial nightmare. It was chiefly borrowed to maintain unnecessary wars— we have consented as a nation to its expenditure; and, under such circumstances does our accountability now stand, that we must, or be eternally dishonoured, pay the interest of the debt; which in fact, by changing hands, and becoming a mere fund for trusts, and other safety investments, has assumed, in every practical sense, the character of a great national savings' bank. " The interest, therefore, of this debt constitutes a yearly public burden of nearly 29,000,0001. sterling, which England and Scotland (for Ireland pays none of it) must submit to pay. It can only be diminished by reducing the interest, when the interest of money is lower than the interest of the funds, or by paying off a part of the capital. We see little prospect of the latter, nor would it be just for the present generation to tax itself highly for the benefit of posterity. The reverse has been the conduct of our progenitors. The expen diture may, however, be greatly reduced. " Ist. By strict economy in the estimates and miscel laneous expenditure—not by miserable reductions of the salaries of clerks, &c. 2d. By an equal adjustment of all moneys corruptly granted as perpetual pensions, Sm. " Bd. By the abolition of all useless offices. " 4th. By the abolition of all sinecures whatever. " sth. By relieving the revenues of England and Scotland of the payment of the great deficiency between the Irish revenue and the expenditure of Ireland. " The next great financial reform, and one that will be forced upon Parliament, is a thoroughly equitable sys tem of taxation. " The neglect of financial reform, we consider as the most formidable of all dangers to all classes—all credit, the value of all property, real or otherwise, depends for safety on the maintenance of the public credit. Failing to provide the revenue to pay the quarterly dividends, would constitute a national bankruptcy. " It requires but little inquiry to be convinced that the calamity of a stoppage of the payment of the divi. dends, or interest of the national debt would break up every monetary and commercial engagement in the United Kingdom. The rights of property, whether in lands or moveables would be no longer sacred. Bank stock, Indian stock, and all other stock, together with private banks and private credit would all be involved in the general calamity of a national failure. The social calamity would be terrific. " Take a contingent example. " In the city of London and other large towns, few families keep more ready money in their houses than may be sufficient for the week's expense ; few have more than the day's provision in their larders. As pri vate credit would fall with public credit, the grazier could not trust the butcher, nor the latter the families he supplied. The farmer would not trust the corn dealer, nor the latter the miller, nor the miller the baker, consequently, the latter must cease to supply his usual customers. So on with all other trades and credits. Therefore at whatever amount of taxation, the national credit of England must and will be maintained. " Therefore the general weal of the empire, in regard to employment, to agriculture, to trade, manufactures, navigation, and- revenue, demands a most searching in quiry into the expenditure, a most equitable revision of taxation, and ought to be taken up by Parliament, with out reference to party or politics, but with the earnest honest purpose of legislating for the solid and perma nent good and safety of our common country. " The foregoing chapters have been written delibe rately, on mature consideration ; free from party, or personal feelings, and with the earnest desire to draw the attention of our rulers, whoever they be, of our Parliament, and of all our fellow-men, in these king doms, to the lessons afforded us by the wisdom or folly of foreign countries—to the great blessings and advan tages which we enjoy—to the dangers which menace our happiness and security—and to those plain, tempe rate, yet efficient remedial measures, which we believe to be practical, and which in reforming will not destroy, or weaken—but which will uphold and strengthen the palladiums of our civil, religious, and political liberties. On another occasion we shall comment upon the direct tendency of the philosophy by which the whole of this remarkable pamphlet is inspired ; and we shall then be afforded an opportunity of developing still further our opinion as to the correctness of its deductions. An extraordinary press of matter this day alone prevents us from publishing a full and most accurate report of the very able, and highly important judg ment of Mr. Commissioner LAW, in re JAME S HENRY lIANcE, delivered on Friday last, a short report of which has already appeared in our columns. The question involved in this case was whether the debts of a former insolvency should be inserted in a schedule filed under the 7 and 8 Vic., c. 116 ; and as a trader owing debts amounting to more than 3001., cannot present a petition for protection from process under this Act, it was of great importance that the point should he satisfactorily decided. In many cases where a trader was compelled to insert in his schedule his former debts, it had the effect of increasing the entire amount beyond 3001,, and consequently of preventing him from ob taining the benefit of that salutary Act. The Commissioners of the Court of Bankruptcy (with the exception of the late Sir CHARLES Wir.mAats), held that the debts under a former insolvency should be inserted in a subsequent sche dule. Sir CHARLES WILLIAMS, however, said " That he did not believe it could be intended, that because a tradesman struggling with difficulties was twice unfortunate, that he was therefore necessarily to go to prison a second time, which he must do if con sidered disentitled to relief under the new Act, on account of former liabilities, from which he had been declared discharged." On the transfer of the jurisdiction under the 5 and 6 Vic., c. 116, and 7 and 8 Vic., c. 96, from the Commissioners of Bankruptcy to the Commissioners of the Insolvent Debtors' Court, many petitions were dismissed by the Chief Commissioner and Commissioners HARRIS and Putr.mrs, in consequence of not having the debts of former insolvencies inserted. In re " Bonn," heard before the Chief Commissioner, debts which had been incurred twenty-five years previously, were held to deprive the insolvent of the right of petitioning. In other cases of equal hardship petitions have been dismissed on the same grounds Mr. JAGOE, in his able and practical work on. insolvency, questions the soundness of those decisions, and upholds that of Sir CHARLES WILLIAMS. And on looking through the eases we cannot see how any other conclusion could be come to, for if debts long since discharged by the statute were to be inserted in a schedule, giving a right to the owners of such debts to claim dividends, it would upset the decision in " Barton v. Tattersall," (the soundness of which has never been questioned), which decided that the creditors of a former insolvency cannot claim property vested in the assignee of a subsequent insolvency unless there was a surplus property after satisfying the last contracted debts. It is rather strange that the Chief Commissioner of the Insolvent Debtors' Court grounded his decision on the case of " Jellis v. Mountford," by which a schedule :creditor was per mitted to issue a commission of bankruptcy, and to use the amount inserted in the schedule as his peti tioning debt; he also stated that he did not wish to disturb the decision of the Commissioners of Bank ruptcy, and would follow the precedents established by them. This is one of the many cases in which precedent misleads, for if the first case should be im properly decided, those which follow must be equally * By Sir John Sinclair, whose history of the revenue down to 1805, is a most valuable work, though it abounds with fallacious opinions. Don Paul Prebrer, a Spanish gentleman, wrote, in his own language, an his torical but incomplete sketch of the British revenue down to a latter period. It wai translated! into French, and I believe into English, but it attracted little Litton . THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 3, 1848. erroneous. Had the Learned Commissioner consi dered the cases, he would have found that " Jellis v. Mountford" has been partially overruled, it being sub sequently decided that a debt in a former schedule would not support a fiat in bankruptcy, as a creditor would not be permitted to harass a debtor by issuing a fiat in bankruptcy when entitled to a dividend under an insolvency ; but where a creditor's debt was altogether omitted from a schedule he might issue a commission of bankruptcy, not having a right to prove his debt under the insolvency. It must be borne in mind that " Jellis v. Mountford," on which the Chief Commissioner and the Commissioner in Bankruptcy relied, was decided on statutes long since repealed, which did not empower a creditor whose debt was omitted from a schedule to prove it under the insolvency, therefore he had no remedy except by resorting to bankruptcy. But under the [present Insolvent Act 1 and 2 VICTORIA, C. 110, a creditor can prove his debts even though omitted from the debtor's schedule, which leaves no pretence for a creditor under an insolvency to issue a commission of bankruptcy on a debt scheduled or omitted, and as debts under an insolvency are satis fied by the operation of law, and the creditor de prived of the right to recover, they ought not to be permitted to operate as an impediment to an insolvent trader from petitioning under the protection statutes. Up to the present time some of the judges adopted the practice as laid down by Mr. JAGOE, while others followed the decisions of the Commissioners of Bank ruptcy and Insolvency, and we believe all the Commissioners of Bankruptcy, and three of the Commissioners of Insolvency, dismissed petitions in consequence of former debts, not having been inserted in the schedules. But Mr. Commissioner LAW had no opportunity of expressing his opinion till the present case, and as he differed from his brother Commissioners, he no doubt felt it was imperative upon him to state his reasons fully and clearly, and we confess that he has not only suc ceeded in doing so, but has also set the question at rest, as his arguments are conclusive so far as re lieving a petitioner from the necessity of inserting in his schedule the debts of a former insolvency. In this ahle judgment, the Learned Commissioner fully reviews the insolvent code in a manner which shows that he has made it his study; but we must refer to the judgment, which renders any further comment unnecessary, and which we shall to-morrow give in extenso. It is to be regretted that this question has not been long since settled, as the decisions contrary to that of Mr. Commissioner LAW must have inflicted an amount of injury on small traders which can scarcely , be estimated; and we trust that the monstrous ab surdity of requiring the insertion of debts not reco verable either at law or in equity, will not further be insisted upon, notwithstanding the previous decisions of a contradictory character. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. We have received the Paris papers of Saturday and yesterday. Paris still continues tranquil. Several insurgents who had taken refuge in the neighbourhood of St. Denis have been captured. In the sitting of the National Assembly on Friday, M. MARIE took his seat as President for the first time, and delivered the following address : " Citizens,—ln calling me to the presidentship of this Assembly, you have given me a high mark of confidence, for which I thank you. I thank you above all for hav ing once more, and at a difficult moment, made an ap. peal to my devotedness. The fatal days which have cast over France an immense affliction imposes on all most important duties—l am well aware of them, and I accept them. m e w s minds may be astonished at them, but they swell at the fact; and give men courage, and it is on that side that I hope to justify your confidence. Besides, if for an instant Republican France was forced to bend its head before an impious war, it may now at length raise it up with increased pride and confidence. The Republic conti nues strong and pure, and will remain powerful and fruitful, for anarchy will not prevail against it. No, it was not the people of February, so great in combat, so great in victory, who raised up these sacrilegious barri cades, over which, thank God, the colours adopted by France have never floated. No, it is not the Republic, which fought against the Republic, but barbarism, which once more dared to raise its head against civilization. The victory was written down for us in the very laws of humanity. It is for us now, citizens, to consolidate it by the wisdom of our labours, by the firmness of our conduct, by the moderate, but emstaot development of the princi ples which the Republic has laid down. France knows this, and bears it in mind when looking at you. You have before you an immense task; but you have also an im mense courage, and an ardent determination to fulfil it. With time as an auxiliary, with peace in the capital, with order, above all, that supreme law of society, all sufferings may be alleviated, all miseries succoured, all the springs of labour and industry again placed in motion. As to me, citizens, permit me once more to felicitate myself on the noble share which you have assigned me. In order to render myself worthy of it I have examples to follow—striking examples, and which you have sufficiently increased to prevent them escaping the public eye. I shall follow them ; I shall also have to aid my zeal that sacred law of my country, which is never invoked in vain. Permit me to reckon on your kind support. The gravity of the circumstances call for corresponding gravity in our discussions, and you will aid ma in maintaining it. You will also maintain the :liberty of all opinions. On these conditions be certain, citizens, we shall see those great parliamentary days of past times revive of which France is proud, and which she againidemands in order to fix on immoveable bases the constitution which she attends."—Approbation. In the course of the sitting the President made the following important announcement : " The Railway Bill has been temporarily withdrawn from the order of the day, on the demand of the Mi nister of Finance.—(Ah, ah!) I say temporarily with drawn, because no determination has yet been come to with respect to the measure." From the known sentiments of M. GOIIDCHAUX on the subject, however, there can be but little doubt that the Railway Bill of the late Government will be altogether withdrawn. In the course of the sitting of the National Assembly on Saturday, M. Gouin presented a proposition from the Committee on Finance, tending to fix the salaries to be received by the President of the Council and the Mi nisters. It proposes a sum of 10,0001. per month for the former, and 36,000 f. per annum for each of the latter, the salaries to commence on July 1. It furthermore allows to the members who composed the Executive Committee a sum of 5,000 f. a month each during the period they were in office, and to their secretary a sum of 3,0001. a month. _ _ The President read a letter from the son of General Negrier, thanking the National Assembly, in the name of the family, for the pension granted to the widow. The President also read a letter from M. Reynal, an nouncing that General Bourzon had expired from the wounds which he had received during the late insur rection.—(Marks of regret.) " I have to inform the Assembly," said the Hon. President, " that the state of General Dumesmo is hourly improving; General Du vivier is going on more slowly, but his position gives no occasion for apprehension." The remainder of the sitting was occupied by the dis cussion on the Municipal Elections Bill. On Saturday the Members met for the purpose of organizing the Bureaux for the month of July. Among those elected Presidents of Bureaux are MM. Thiers, Berryer, Dufaure, Vivien, Dupin, Billault, De Tracy, De Beaumont, and Francois Arago. M. Arago is the only Member of the late Executive who has been elected. The Committee on the Constitution, in its sitting of Friday, decided that its members should be divided among the Bureaux, so that there should be at least one in each, to give the necessary explanations. In the Bureau presided over by M. TRIERS, to which the project of the Constitution has been re ferred, that gentleman, on its first sitting, took occa sion to make the following important declaration, on the subject of what is absurdly called the " organiza tion of labour." It would appear that M. TIMM is in clined to the enactment of some measure analogous to the English poor-law. He sees no objection to pro claiming the right to assistance to the aged and infirm, because the promise thus made by the State can, with the aid of the charitable institutions, be kept ; but he objects to proclaim the right to labour, because the State, by making such proclamation, enters into engagements which it cannot possibly keep. We hope that all those engaged in organizing the Re public, will study attentively this most remarkable speech:— " M. Thiers, president of the bureau, said, that in prin ciple he liked what was simple and positive; that he had little taste for the vague and general declarations by which the majority of constitutions were preceded ; that he paid but little attention to the example of their former revolutionary assemblies; that those assemblies had been more remarkable for patriotism and talent than for poli tical experience; that our new Republic, for the peaceful establishment of which he was most anxious, should not, if it wished to succeed, seek to imitate the first Republic attempted in 1792 ; that it should, on the contrary, dis tinguish itself by simplicity of language, wisdom of con duct, and a display of good sense. But (addrd M. Thiers) this declaration of rights and duties, which I would not have placed at the top of the constitution, has been there introduced. To remove it might have been at tended with more inconvenience than advantage, and we must use all our efforts and our care to change all that there .is really defective in the constitution, in order to let pass what has only the fault of offending very particular feelings. I admit, there fore, the principle of a declaration of rights and duties; and I examine it only in the point of view of the utility or the danger of the rights put forth in the declaration. I find, for instance, that it is of the greatest utility to pro claim at the head of our constitution, the two-foldprinciple of property and of family. It has been, however, thought indispensable to add two other principles, viz., the right of man to assistance, and the right of man to labour. I am of opinion that everything should be done for the people that it is possible to do, but I am also of opinion that no more should be promised than what it may be possible to perform. To promise them more than that is to deceive them ; it is to expose them to deceptions which they will revenge with muskets in their hands. Let, therefore, the right of assistance be proclaimed ; I see no great danger in that, for with well-endowed charitable institutions such promises may be fully kept. Society, moreover, does itself honour by en tering into a voluntary engagement to support old age and those whom sickness and infirmities may render incapable of labour. But to proclaim the right of man to labour is to make an absolute en gagement to furnish at all times and at every season work for those who cannot procure it themselves. I have thought very seriously of what is now called the organization of labour' (a new term for a thing which is not new), and I have deplored the imprudence with which such insolvable questions have been started. It is necessary that the subject should be seriously and de liberately discussed in the National Assembly and with out any reserve, for it is desirable to know whether any one possesses the secret of suppressing at will all the sufferings of the people ; if no one possesses this im portant secret it should not be held forth, for by so do ing an effusion of human blood is sure to take place. The horrible scenes of the last few days are sufficient proof of this. But while waiting for such a solemn discussion we may here ask ourselves whether any one possesses the pawer of securing work at every season to the working classes ? Doubtless a good Government may, by sound legislation, and by a good system of taxation, contribute to favour production and increase labour; but in the richest and most industrious countries, and particularly in the latter, it is impossible to prevent occasional crises from over-production, and which necessarily cause a suspension of labour. In such cases it is not possible to prevent occasional interrup tions. The draining of marsh lands and agricultural colonies have been spoken of as capable of furnishing employment at this moment of crisis. Such undertak ings are a sad resource offered to unemployed workmen, for it would be scarcely possible to propose to a mechanic or a weaver to go into a strange part of the country to dig the earth. Their inexperience at such kind of labour would render such employment almost as bad as being entirely out of work. I must, however, allow that Ido not despair of the possibility of there being means to be adopted which, to a certain point, might gratify the twofold condition of employing hands rendered idle by the present crisis, and furnishing them with work suitable to their respective occupations and habits. Without making itself either manufacturer or agriculturist, it is true that the State might make linen, cloth, shoes, and arms for the troops; it has fortifica tions to construct, artillery-waggons to build, and steam engines to manufacture; by creating establishments, therefore, the principle of which should be to work but little in times of industrial prosperity, and a good deal in times of distress, it would not be impossible to guard against periods when work was wanting. I have deeply reflected on a system which might reserve the works with which the State is naturally and necessarily charged for times when the general manufacturing establishments have but little employment to afford; but this system, which would require a corresponding financial arrange ment, would be difficult to establish, and would be very costly; the State, as is always the case, would execute its work well, but at a dear rate. I am, however, in favour of making an attempt of the kind; it will be well to reserve the works of the State in order to offer them to the workmen when other employment fails them. But although I do not despair of the possibility of such a combination, would it be prudent, on such a doubtful prospect, to hazard the proclamation of the right of labour? Would it not be more advisable to find another wording, which, while it implied all the good will and anxiety of the Government to procure employment to workmen who were without it, would not impose an engagement which could not be fulfilled? There is no doubt that work could always be found, such as has lately been given to the workmen ; but to men unaccus• corned to such labour this is a hard resource, and is only a system of deception for the State, which pays fur work which is not properly performed, and, what is still worse, becomes a dangerous encouragement to idleness. Something besides the clearing away ground and making embankments must, therefore, be found. I have en deavoured to discover it, and I am of opinion that some useful results may be attained.. At all events, as nothing certain can be offered, I consider that the goodwill of the Government should be made known, but care should be taken not to engage it in au absolute manner. By pledging it imprudently in proclaiming the right to labour is a false principle, and I should propose that the expression should be omitted, which is but a falsehood put forth to the people." Le Representant du Peuple, which professes to be one of the orgasis of the working classes, states that General CAVAIGNAC had settled a plan for the disso lution of the national ateliers. Some of the workmen are to be transferred to private ateliers where the means of employment yet exist. An office is to be opened at each mairie, where workmen will receive information as to the ateliers where work may be had. Those who cannot find labour are to receive out-dour relief until work be found, and a great number are to be conveyed as colonists to Africa. The following was the situation of the Bank of France on the 29th of June : CREDITOR. Cash in coin and ingots Ditto in branch banks Bills past due ... Bills discounted, but not yet due, of which 27,305,287 f. 57c. are received from tho branch banks ... ..• Ditto at branch banks Advances on ingots and coin ... ••• Ditto on French public securities ... Ditto by branch banks... ... Ditto to the State on Bons du Tresor of the Republic Reserve Routes Recites, disposable funds ••• Investments of the new branch banks in the public funds ... ••• ••• Hotel and furniture of the bank Real property and branch banks .., Interest in the Algiers Bank ... Interest in National Discount Bank Ditto in the branches Bills Protested at Paris Ditto in the branches ... „, Expenses of administration of the bank Ditto at branches ••• Sundry accounts current ... f. 80,488,317 45 ... 72,152,058 02 ... 7,623,638 04 LIABILITIES. Capital ... . . ... Ditto of the new branches 114 730,362 63 145,579,118 76 10,188,200 00 38,392,628 90 3,616,581 00 ... 50,000,000 00 10,000,000 00 11,248,767 56 Reserve of the Bank 12,806,741 39 4,000,000 00 2,515,105 00 1,000,000 00 200,000 00 203,600 00 ... 26.611,329 92 12,516,803 00 00 00 21,545 00 1,735,868 94 f. 605,657,119 61 67,900,000 00 23,350,000 00 10,000,000 00 Ditto of the new branches 2,980,650 14 Reserve•immobiliere 4,000,000 00 Notes to bearer, in circulation ... 298,736,200 00 Do. of the branch banks 76,397,175 00 1)o. to order (Post-bills) ..• ••• 423,048 86 Account-current with Treasury 9,757,372 15 Various accounts-current ••• ..• 75,733,437 54 Ditto of branches ••• 21,322,213 00 Bills payable at sight ... ••• ••• 1,915,500 00 Ditto in branches ••• ••• ••• 311,700 00 Bills of the branch banks payable by the Bank ... •.. ... 4,693,633 99 Ditto of Bat& payable by branches ... 1,702,976 00 Dividends payable ..• • . ... 2,884,099 25 Branch Bank of Algiers, sum not yet employed in Treasury Bonds Discounts, diverse interests, &c. Ditto branch bank ••• Re-discounts of the last six months ... Ditto branch banks Sundries ... 1,108,388 19 454,060 74 239,183 00 422,932 27 820,176 00 467,364 48 f. 605,657,119 61 From these returns it appears that the metallic re serve presents but little difference, for whilst it has declined two millions in the Paris establishment, it has increased two and a half millions in the branch banks. Bills becoming due in Paris remain at about the same amount, but they have diminished two millions in the branch banks. It must, however, be borne in mind that the National Assembly has passed a decree, giving five days' grace to bills becoming due on and atter June 23 to July 5. Overdue bills have augmented about four millions, and the amount of hills protested at Paris is 26,611,329 f, or about three millions less than last week, whilst in the coun try establishment it is 12,516,803 E, or about 700,000 f. more. On the side of the liabilities the notes in cir culation have increased, in Paris and the branch banks united, nearly 101 millions. The account of the Treasury has fallen off nearly eight millions, all the money of the State now remaining in the Bank being 9,754,372 f.; private accounts have increased about 5/ millions. The whole amount of the metallic reserve is now 152 millions, to 375 millions of notes in circulation. The Committee of Inquiry into the causes of the late insurrection have, it is said, made some startling discoveries, in consequence of which several further arrests have taken place. M. GRANDMENIL, one of the editors and &ant of the Reforme, has been arrested ; as have also M. VATRIN, the Lieut.-Colonel of the 6th Legion; M. FONBERTAUX, who has figured in several political cases and is compromised in the Blanqui affair; and M. THORE, editor of the Vraie Republique. M. EMILE DR GIRARDIN has been interrogated several times. lie is still au secret. Among the persons recently arrested, are officers of the sth, Bth, 9th, and 12th legions. M. ALBERT, a shoemaker, residing in the Rue St. Antoine, who was a candidate at the last elections, has been cap tured; he is accused of having taken an active part in the insurrection. It is said that sixty arrests were made yesterday in the Rue Beaubourg alone. Five insur gents, two of whom were wounded, one in the thigh, the other in the breast, who were arrested yesterday morning in a wine shop in the Rue St. Honore, had passed themselves off since Mondayas National Guards of the province, wounded in the affair of the Tuileries. The wine-shop keeper himself fi tweeted them, and fetched in the Commissary of Police. Several &man ieres, especially of the 12th Legion, have h-en taken into custody ; and many National Guards who fought with the insurgents on Friday and Saturday, and who on Sunday presented themselves in their legions, in order to turn off suspicion or surprise secrets, have also been arrested. _ _ Their opposition, however, was fruitless, and the National Guards from all parts of France have marched to support the cause of order in the capital. The city of Troyes not only sent its National Guard to Paris for the maintenance of order and the defence of the Republic, but has likewise deputed a delegate with several boats laden with 60,000 pounds of bread, 60,000 pounds of ham, ten pieces of wine, and other provisions for supplying the vast accumulation of National Guards and troops in the capital. All these have been landed at the Hotel de Ville, and dis tributed among the different corps bivouacked in the open places. An order of General LAMORTCIERE, as Minister of War, which was placarded on Friday morning in the 12th arrondissement, sets forth that if by eight o'clock in the evening the inhabitants of the arron dissement should not have given up their arms at the place indicated, they should, on arms being found in their houses, be punished with all the severity of the laws. More than 100,000 muskets have already been returned to the arsenals of the State. In some quarters several persons gave up their muskets and swords with great alacrity, but searches having been made in their houses, arms and ammunition were found secreted. On Friday there were brought to the Prefecture of Police several large-sized cast• iron mortars, with their pestles, which had been used in the clandestine manufacture of gunpowder. It was ascertained that they were not, as might have been naturally sup posed, made for pounding drugs, and been purchased or carried off by the insurgents, 'but were expressly cast and bored for the fabrication of gunpowder. Among them, in fact, were some the boring of which was not quite perfected. On Thursday a National Guard was assassinated in the Rue Blanche, by a ball fired from a window. The house being entered by an armed force, the mur derer was arrested, and, it is said, immediately shot. The investigation into the insurrection and mas sacre at the barrier of Fontainebleau, has led to the seizure of arms and articles belonging to the victims. Among the insurgents confined in the fort of Ivry is one in whose possession the sword of General BREA was found, and another had the sword of the aide de-camp. One of the epaulettes of the latter was found on a third prisoner, and it is believed that the trace of the man what hasthe other epaulette has been discovered. The following description of the appearance and demeanour of the prisoners awaiting their trial is from the Constitutionnel. "We have visited the insurgents made prisoners during the journees of June, who are incarcerated in the Conciergerie. It is with difficulty that these individuals, 1,600 in number, have found places in the vast prison, and they crowd all the yards. The former prisoners have been completely separated from the new corners. In general the attitude of these men, who have taken part more or less actively in the terrible scenes of which Paris has been thei theatre, is that of disquietude and dissimulation. One would seek in vain in the features of the greater number the savage excitement displayed during the struggle of the four days. Their physiognomies bear so strangely the marks of fati g ue and discouragement, that it is evident they are no longer under the empire of that feverish agitation springing from blind passion. The sentiment of their defeat may be read on their faces, and they are visibly dominated by the idea of the grave responsibility which they have incurred. Among them, however, are men who escape the common law of humanity. Some formed for action, and old conspirators, affect a degree of confidence and firmness. They endeavour to assume a calm and stoical bearing, and exercise over their compa nions the influence which audacity and energy invari ably exert :under similar circumstances. Others, who are the true soldiers of emeutes, the necessary agents of all insurrections, past and future, are without care or disquietude. The made barricades and fought because they are possessed of the instinct of tumult and the love of disorder. If they had conquered, they would the next day have recommenced the struggle against their comrades themselves, and being conquered they resign themselves with the fatalism of indifference. rile costume, age, and social condition of the insurgents present the most varied contrast. Near the blouse of the workmen, is the uniform of the Republican Guard ; near the coat of the bourgeois the uniform of the Gardine de Paris ; and there are soldiers of the line and officers of the National Guard by the side of masons and locksmith. The prisoners devote almost all their leisure to conversation and slumber, and some try to amuse themselves by playing at different games." The Messager says:— " Nearly all the prisoners made among the insurgents who have been interro gated up to the present time have adopted the same system of defence. They declare that they were forced to assist in making barricades, and to take part in the insurrection, under a threat of death in the event of refusal." Some of them have, it is said, made revelations to the Committee of such a nature that there is every probability that the real authors of the insurrection will be brought to justice. On Monday evening a boy of between fourteen and fifteen, who was in custody at the Prefecture of Police, declared that a sum of 11,000 f. in gold, which was found in his possession, had been given to him by a combatant at the moment at which a company of the 45th Regiment entered a barricade at which he was. The origin of this sum has since been ascertained, and the individual who gave it has been pointed out by the boy. The Moniteur publishes a table of the number of wounded received into the several hospitals from the 23d to the 28th ult., amounting to 1,619, besides 162 who died before they arrived. of the wounded in the evening of the 29th, 157 had been discharged or removed by their friends : 195 had died; leaving 1,267 still under treatment. in the ambulances (field hospitals), there were, in the evening of the 29th, 364 wounded under cure. Of the wounded taken into the hospitals, 773 were civilians, includ ing National Guards 813 of the troops, Gerdes Mobiles, and Gerdes Republicaines, and 33 women. Of the 162 carried dead to the hospitals, 2 were women. " It has been ascertained," says the Union, " that, out of 800 wounded insurgents taken into one hos pital alone, 400 were liberated convicts." The insurgents continue to have recourse to the odious system of assassination and poisoning. Four sentinels were assassinated on Saturday night, and an attempt was made to murder all the wounded in the hospital of St. Louis by sending in for their use a quantity of poisoned lint. General CITANGARNIER, the new Commander-in-Chief of the National Guards, has taken up his residence at the Tuileries. The funeral service of General NEGRIER was per formed on Saturday morning in the church of St. Gervais. General PERROT and several other general officers, and a number of members of the National Assembly, were:present. Detachments of the Na tional Guards both of Paris and the departments, of the Line, and the Garde Mobile, escorted the body to the terminus of the Northern Railway, whence it will be taken to Lille. A deplorable accident has happened to M. LEMAN• SOIS DUFRE, the Secretary-General to the Questors of the Assembly. He was passing the Place de la Concorde at half-past eleven o'clock on Friday night when he was challenged by a sentinel. He ap proached to show him his medal. The sentinel think. ing be was intending to attack him fired and wounded M. LEMANSOIS in the groin. We read in the Courrier de Lyon of Wednesday : "At the moment of writing this the rappel is beating in several quarters of Lyons and the Brotteaux. It is again affirmed that General GxMEAU is making prepara tions for retaking the cannon carried away from the barracks of the Bernardines by the Voraces soon after the Revolution of February. Several corps hare arrived to reinforce the garrison of our city, and we are assured that 30,000 men are in the environs, and can be brought into Lyons in four hours." In a postscript this journal states that the cannon had., been given up. This statement is confirmed by the Slut Public. The for midable attitude of the troope`of the line and the National Guard had terrified the Voraces. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, JULY 1. Boulogne and Amiens, 6V t —Luxembourg, N l —Northern of France, 4 3 / 4 —Sambre and Meuse, 278. SPAIN. Madrid papers of the 27th ult. have been received. The intelligence of the outbreak in Paris had caused great alarm to NARVAEZ, who has redoubled his precautions. The financial condition of the country is deplorable, and that will suffice ere long to produce an outbreak, against which all the precautions of NARVAEZ will be of no avail. lie has just demanded a forced loan of 100 millions of reals, and a compulsory deduction of one month's salary from,all persons holding civil employments. The members of the British Embassy were to leave Madrid on Saturday last. MADRID BOLSA, JUNE 27.—Three per Cents., 22 ; Five per - Cents., 13. Exchange on London, 41 50. THE LEVANT. By the Levant Mail we have received Constan tinople journals to the 16th ult., and Athens journals to the 19th ult. There is no political news in them of importance. The cholera, which had been gra dually disappearing at Constantinople, was again causing much anxiety. Between the 6th and the 12th ult. there were forty cases, of which several had terminated fatally. The disease was on the increase at Galatz, and some cases are reported at Bucharest. Sir STRATFORD CANNING has left Athena for Contantinople. GERMANY AND THE NORTHERN STATES. AUSTRIA. The following proclamation from the Archduke JoHN of Austria was published at Vienna on the 25th ult.:— " His Majesty the Emperor, considering that his in disposition is likely to be prolonged, has thought fit to name me his Lieutenant. In this quality lam charged to open the Diet, and, until his return to Vienna, con duct all the affairs which are attributed to him as Con stitutional Emperor. This confidence of the Emperor shall be held sacred by me: I will justify it by con forming myself to his firm and sincere will to protect conscientiously and effectually the rights and liberties granted to the people of Austria, and. to maintain a spirit of justice and moderation in all cases where the Imperial word is to decide. Present circumstances are grave and decisive of the happi ness and power of Austria. We must lay new and solid foundations— no laws in every branch have need of amendments, a: d new productive sources must be opened to satisfy our urgent wants. This great task cannot be accomptislnd without the energetic efforts of all, and by assuming and keeping a firm attitude in op position to the enemies of the country. I rely with confidence upon this general co-operation, and upon the love of the people for their Emperor and their fine country. I rely upon their good sense for order and tranquillity, which is indispensable to true liberty; and, in fine, upon their confidence in my ever faithful reso lution to devote my utmost efforts to the promotion of the prosperity and tranquillity.of Austria. With this con viction I feel myself strong, and entertain the best hdpea of being able to restore to my gracious Emperor the power he has entrusted to me, after having fortified it with tranquillity and the general welfare." On the 28th the ARCHDUKE reviewed the Na• tional Guards of Vienna. FRANKFORT. ELECTION OF ARCHDUKE JOHN, 'AS PROVISIONAL ADMINISTRATOR-GENE- RAL OF GERMANY. The German Parliament, after two days' discus sion, agreed on the evening of Thursday, 29th June, to the following " LAW FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PROVISIONAL CENTRAL POWER IN GERMANY. " 1. Until the definitive formation of an Executive Power in Germany, a Provisional Central Power shall be formed for all national affairs. "2. The same shall have to exercise an executive power in all affairs affecting the general safety and wel fare of the German Confederation—have the chief di rection of the army, and appointment of ambassa dors, &c. " 3. The formation of the Constitution does not come with the province of the Central Power. " 4. The Central Power declares war, and concludes treaties with Foreign Powers, in ,union with the Na tional Assembly. " 5. The Central Power shall be entrusted to an Administrator of the Empire, to be chosen by the National Assembly. " 6. The Administrator shall exercise his power by means of a Ministry, appointed by him, and answerable to the Assembly. . _ " 7. The Adininistrator is not responsible. "8. Regarding the responsibility of the Ministry a law will hereafter be promulgated by the Assembly. "9. The Ministry have the right to be present at the deliberations of the Assembly, and to be heard by it. "10. The Ministry, at the request of the Assembly, are bound to appear and give any explanations required. " 11. The Ministry have a right to vote in the Assem bly only if they are Members of it. " 12. The position of Administrator is incompatible with that of Member of the National Assembly. , " 13. With the entry into office of the Central Execu tive Power the Diet shall cease to exist. " 14. The Central Executive shall put itself in under standing, as far as possible, with the Plenipotentiaries of the Governments. " 15. So soon as the Constitution for Germany is finished, the functions of the Provisional Executive cease." After the several points had been discussed, and carried by majorities greater or smaller, the question was put from the chair, whether the whole (as given above) should become law? _ This was carried by a majority of 450 against 100. On Friday the Parliament met at twelve o'clock for the election of the Provisional Administrator. The President, H. Gagern, addressed the House as follows:—" Wo meet now, for the first time in these later days, to elect a ruler of United Germany. Our choice will be accepted by the neighbouring nations, for it can offend none. Let us determine to support him who may be appointed by the majority of this Assembly to occupy this difficult post with all our powers." The whole Assembly rose and cheered. _ The names of the Members were then called over, and, each rising in turn, declared the name of the person he wished elected Administrator. The result was:— For the Archduke John of Austria ... 436 , H. Von Gagern . ... 52 J. A. Hystein Archduke Stephan . . 1 On this being announced, The President said, " I proclaim the Archduke John of Austria Administrator of the German Empire —may he be the establisher of union and restorer of order and confidence throughout the length and breadth of the land."L--(Thundering vivats.) It was then determined to send a deputation to the Archduke, to make known to him his election. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, JUNE 29.—The delegates of Berlin have adopted the following resolutions at the request of the magistrates : " I That a deputation, consisting of members of the magistracy and delegates of the city, shall request an audience of the King, for the purpose of giving his Majesty a faithful statement of the exact condition of the capital, and of humbly requesting the further reso lution of his Majesty. " 11. That the appointed authorities of state be re quested to take steps that two battalions of infantry and a regiment of cavalry, now in the environs of Berlin, be forthwith consigned to standing quarters." The Berliner Nachrichten says—" The Swedish. Ambassador at this Court, Baron D'OPPON, has re ceived a note from his Government informing him that Denmark, which was on the point of recom mencing the war against Germany, has at the in stance of Russia and Sweden changed its plan, and that the negotiations for peace are being carried on with great energy." The Konigsburg Zeitung says :—" The Russian courier who passed through Tilsit a few days since on his way to the Russian Ambassador in London, was summoned to the Emperor of RUSSIA before his departure, and was commissioned by the CZAR to announce publicly on his journey that the CZAR did not intend to interfere either in the affairs of Russia or of Germany. That it was his firm resolve in regard to the Shcleswig-Holstein question to effect a' conjunction with England on amicable arrangements.' The Neu Berliner Zeitung announces the follow ing from Warsaw, June 23 :—" The Mobile Corps, which was formed in the kingdom of Poland for the special purpose of guarding the frontiers, and were placed under the command of General READ, have, in consequence of the more settled state of the kingdom of Poland, received, orders to break up. The troops comprising this corps are to be removed to the interior of the kingdom. The King of PRUSSIA, in an interview of the 24th of this month, received General PARLO BARBOZA DE SILVA, who had the honour of delivering his cre dentials as Extraordinary Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary from the Court of Brazil. BELGIUM. A treaty of commerce is, it is said, about to be con. eluded between Belgium and the Mexican Republic. HUNGARY AND CROATIA. , His Imperial Highness the Archduke JOHN will, as Regent, proceed to open the Hungarian Diet, and then proceed to Agram to settle the affairs of Croatia. Accounts from Agram of the 24th state that the re turn of the II mn caused such enthusiasm in that city that the congrc7,ation declared itself ready, for the attainment of au honourable peace, immediately to send 12,000 fresh troops to join the army of General RADETSlM — Hamburgh Borsenhalle, June 30. ITALY. LOMBARDY. The Piedmontese Gazette of the 27th ult. states that the Austrians were concentrating their forces near Meshe. Verona is in a state of great penury for provisions. The Austrians are disposed in the Venetian territory as follows :-1. Brigade under Colonel MILSAT, 4,000 men, stationed at Belluno and Pieve di Cadore; 2. Brigade under General LICHTENSTEIN, 4,000 men, at Vimadello and Cone gliano ; 3. Brigade under General Miu, 4,000 men, at Pordenone ; 4. Brigade under Colonel Suzzos, at Udine, 3,000 ; 5. Brigade under Colonel CZERPEN, at Palma, 3,000 men. A detachment of 1,500 men under Colonel \\run, at Monfalcona. Regiment of NUGENT, 2,000 men. Total, 21,500. Artillery, 18 field-pieces, 4 mortars. The Pensiero Italiano of Genoa states that the Chambers of Tuscany were to meet on the 26th ult. The Ventidue Marzo of Milan of the 26th ult. publishes several decrees of the Provisional Govern ment of Lombardy, calling under arms the three classes of 1823, 1824, and 1825, and ordering the formation of a body of reserve. On the 25th the Austrian General NUGENT took the foxtrots of Talmo Druova, with a large park of