The Sun. — London, England, 1848-06-10 00:00:00

esesees-es Llo"erilinent which existed were in favour of recipro- Y , and both ignorant of the difficulties they had to . „,"'"tend with in that respect, did they not think that it 1 ;7 1 ,1 be more prudent to keep the present system till ' ajesty's Government had made themselves a little 3 bet tere acquainted with the facts and matured their "'lon a little more?—(Loud cheers and laughter.) Whole thing proved that the measure w t • r a . r e in conception, and that it was tampering and i t : ll t With the national interests; because there was no ggs more fatal th an t h e rec kl essness o f i gnorance.— 7tmaw cheers.) E veryt hi ng e l se m i g h t b e endured— t the tyranny of men who hal a system.—(au ° L ehter.) eY Mi ght establish d es p o ti sm an d yet preserve order; e I ,l l ' Et Cabinet who called on them to legislate without a m`ewledge of th e c i rcumstances could only produce le regeklare anarchy which must eventually plunge . the . com x. - t , 4 _,al and political interests of the country into ine eft - 7, °le confusion. —(Loud cheers.) He could easily the state of blank surprise in which the new h ,tce-President of the Board of Trade found himself d a t i he Ze bland smiles of Mr. Bancroft on one side, a t ri tier._ ( 1 : and dagger of the Chevalier Bunsen on the o .Cere titttlegetr.) They were not opposed to going into Atnis Committee; but when they were told by the Arph ter that they were going into Committee . for th© 0 ,, n meek" "or abrogating the navigation-laws, it was a 4:. rY to tell them that it was for the purpose of con teem.t.l"eg th t o • em• They did not object to go into C to 6. lll :Trove the navigation•laws, but they objected to ii C ommittee C ommittee to abrogate them. Now, one word eittl re gard to the question of the national defences gird did notmean to enter at that time of the night S t i r . ).the evidence of that very ingenious person Sir J. a p, ll3 g. who had a plan for manning the fleet without It til t - C.Xduch . laughter.) N . or was . he going to sing Stet; seritannia," for fear of distressing the Honourable ,d e r for the West Riding..—(Loud cheers.) He ejeald merely tion from Jamaica, ' , fil c h read a communication ef A a PPeared in the New York Sun, dated the 12th di dis ee e'". It stated that even in Jamaica sympt i oui r ntent Showed themselves; that while " Rule 13 th i e the tir W a s received with solemn silence f r (I, ll ; e h s t Yank Doodle " was loudly called 0 . boociatii :er.) , To-night ee they had again heard " Yankee callede; mildly called for, but he hoped, ingh loudly :-:( a '°r, that it would never be encored that House Tef i g h tfar.) The late Vice-President of the hi Bo s a u r a d i . chila e -e, in a glowing peroration, dwelt with su im. Pe e l "' °II the blessings of peace, and of internal his kle tt ' w ell lent. It was surprising how men differed , but _ ate f r , l3 that these were not the characteristics of the etio l „,'" which they lived.—(Laughter.) If instead o N e rree he said it was the age of no trade, if instead of 414 be said it was the age of intended war, and if mamba internal peace he said it was the age of coin 'ate nds pulling up railways, he would be near the kett't(Rear, hear.) Notwithstanding the announce idlicliket,he Millennium and the reign of' universal peace u e citle e "ge3' had been promised a short time ago, he paie e ";?t help thinking, after all that had occurred, with hi ( asee - e '4 ll state of seige, Paris in insurrection, Vienna es e n ' , and Berlin barricaded, with four pitched bat likaih in eight weeks, and the Baltic and Adriatic tfor tOcejtaded—tbat the Hon. Gentleman the Member 14 0 1 " "'est Riding was not now so devoted a believer " i es gentiU sine armis. He did not pretend to th e i j o i blame to rhe present power which distinguished :Nike a• Gentleman and his school, yet, sometimes, in l e l t he Past, one may find some instructive monit n o d r tloi; conduct of the present and the future ; h ' e tleci t B °--in reading the history of this country—he a ctsts -11) re ason to withdraw his allegiance from that Power in England which had at the same time d ilttsei;,eimPire and cherished liberty.—(Cheers.) An 'clew' ' p ee fall of thrones and the crush of empires, he he at ree ~,°` no circumstance more remarkable than t 44" anarchy and demoralisation of those vast armies IthiNte'nee were considered the best security, and the_ e Fe at of those institutions—when they saw th thei r military powers of France and Austria deserting ttiet Incaters in their need, what Englishman could re but „ I% „' t ,h other feelings than pride and satisfaction h me, itotrett,e.gions reposed:Upon the deep?—(Loud cheers.) il h would not incur the responsibility, even by 14 4 1 4111 . ee vote, of endangering that empire which . had 4111 01 441 ,, i 11 1 4 by so much valour, arid guarded with so both thvi.-ance—that empire which was broader than etheameelkinericas and extended farther than the far tqle kt";l'e-that empire; which had been foreshadowed by 9 eli - T , 11(14 of a Blake, and consecrated by the blood of a fe lei e s- e the empire f the seas.—(Cheers.) ton e . ' 41SON explained that the return he had quoted . the NS . ,, a ge in 1824' and in 1846, were, in both cases, Si t V inWard s and outwards. 141 d, t " ? EEL, who rose amidst loud cries of ." Divide," "%I - "r at if he could acquiesce in the op . inion . oft the 1t44-ierd and those who agreed with him 'f ,th .. a .nt h to tia to t ence of the last two years had be . en su ecic h.eh is henstrate the impolicy of those principles o? fr w ef i th this to tti Years 1842 and 1846, the commercial tar Was revised and regulated, he should not • b n e . ~t i Sf',l 4e d at their conclusion, not to apply those pr i i n " to our commercial marine; but, notwith n st ie ai n id re e . tritheiPerience of the last two years, thehis Protectionist l Nitl:4 unshaken—(Laughter from t hri l ;' and cheers from the Ministerial benches)—as to ttheeririciples by which our commercial intercourse with t he; nations should be regulated.—(llear, hear.) .. If . hte o Would reject f rom co nsideration the peculiar eombi We of circumstances which n had prevented a fair trial oa f ! Principle s established years he referred to iney would entirely omit from their consideration )1,112in addition to any other causes of commercial de thiticelnent, all op erat i ng simultaneously not only in our l 'lt i Z tientry but in every o th er country in Europe with lt e We had commercial dealing", they had been Wtst: 4l l famine—if they would omit from their consi -Itrimilen that that surplus capital which was heretofore t h Ith le to the procuring of luxuries or conveniences glik44°,,w necessarily applied in averting the sufferings t(4lslci'creine engendered—if they would reject all these (Ise4 eations, it was r asy to draw that conclusion.- 111 , n ois t i ) ata „ But it was incumbent on them in that case to what respect there was a connexion in the pre of this country, w hi c h h e a d m i tte d an d e 4 sr4 2 e lid e and theprinciples on whi c h, i n th e t ar iff s o f th la 14 1 8 46, they had proceed e d.—(H ear , h ear .) It mi m an 7 . o aus e we had admitted the raw material for ti t tht ' e tures without d u ty.—(Oh, o h.) Hi s op i n i on 4,0 N 4 err oneous, but surely those who thought so ((actit e ll t , ° C onfiden ce in the strength of theirs if they had Octa l c esPser to give than boisterous cla . mour.- 4. 4 act ed cries of " Oh.") The principles on which they e t riet 1 842 and 1846, in the first place, removed d uty 0 ;1 '3 : 1 )4 f rom commerce, and, by diminishing the h t ; into raw material, enabled our manufacturers to tie' te e , e°llapetition with their foreign rivals with Lo aii ll tom advantage ; they simplified the cora ‘44lrttet,,,,e as to the entry of all articles of food and f e e e No one could say that the tariffe of 1842 *.tns.....,pnriously affected the country in these re- Wise b et ) It might be answered so . far they t Y ill aet they were wrong in admitting foreign toZ eo wli ii e er - s t rl f Competition with . our . own in this coun ne .of o b. roni the Protectionists.) That was the ths ew r e lett Jection. Every article of foreign .manu eht°,:ced under those tariffs, it was said, had ,`rie sie " , e employment thousands of our own coup ,"ta a: 4 e ki,;pould else he engaged in manufactures . of fee`4--(fslear, hear.) Why, what a doctrine 1,11, (toal V,neei„this great manufacturing nation ?—(Minis ,Ss ''itt e e) ek country exporting 58,000,0001. a year t he v4lll O of its own manufactures, and which, by tv er , l 4l o , ef those manufactures, was interfering with hiNi r ce t l l t t zlent of every country in the world. If e l ks 14 1 , r .Y were to adopt that view, they would look ( 7,e L te ate s 3 : e . 4l of as the benefactors of mankind, as seithetedl,,tepedinaent to human happiness.—(Hear.) eta t etiove s e e w reaPs to the extent of a million a year se to oollen, and cotton manufactures ; and ter °l !ne e ., entrie s tti e , üb e which sent those articles here to be "4 1 41 4 ? t liiieG e r atice they threw out of employment a e la of artizans here, who might else be era -441t fo•ted and s in e stimating the quantity of foreign , goods ti , ti,Nes e r the tariffs of 1842 and 1846, trey must ( 1 . 11 qua ntities whi c h p rev iously came in in an t 4 4 0 o eer 4 r ticle e 'ner• Th e increase in the imports e 131 * ° 1 raw" only apparent. ported epe to ctiw ar cs and copper manufactur W es e , 1,0 ex 06,000/. r i . ' ll yar n e ' 17,000,000/. of cotton goods, 6,000,0001. oand oth er , besides large quantities of woollen, linen, 1 * t er tetl anufacture, interfering with the industry llI c) eoed tri es in every direction ; and yet we were Is e ke "In other countries because they asked to t (ii to , ; s o PPIY us in some subordinate and inferior of 4 et ch eaply of those few articles which they could ta tfiee t o iteaPer than ourselves. It was impos• 311 z>n the distress under which some sae i,..°Peraives IS -4 1 i t ""Post e. were ndoubtedly labouring 4 p o . ut , Let them look to the progressive in to ‘ l kti". exPorts under free-trade, and let them no ruined because, from a combination Vil e • 1, ak i n circumstances distress existed in this e e i ng the first five years from 1827 our •Nctita P°ts the next t 4 th e ,, ere 3 4,000,000 i.; during wer e were 43,00 0,000 i.; in the following five e'le 4 findlner 9,000.000/ , and in the last five years t ea sed to e t‘r ! , %ear, . 4 , 0 00,000/.—(Cheers.) And in 4 3 et 7 1,0 001 71. a year of severe depression, the they k4rt, 4 1.4 '4 4 d e ,And yet it was said that prinei iestott,rl ti lt , 1384 failed —that we did nothing but , " we had to purchase our imports with hie t and cries of "Question.") The expe was *an tve e , ne i nee him ott„years had served to co ha nr it 4 utrainished price of food, and the gua qi?Pea continuance, that we must rest tild ve_ °I increasing prosperity.—(Cheers.) 'N es fi at `gent keeetie e -en IaPP proposed that the House ''' m att haws - a proposal for considering the Itiiihri,„ikp ro with a view to extensive and 01 "tt p, h thought they had arrived 4 11 Y en it • • tt s ' Wh e 'was desirable to consider this motion h i th . ,!h e eh _n he looked to the position of our colo pre,Pgation of the principles of free-trade 48sti e 101,1 mod the state of many European coun- P eti 11 , 4 en freenna us the same advantages in na sllt or th and t t h e t c 3 iated with them —to our reciprocity 4 1 ell, malt tl b , t _ Me of conflicting claims arising 4tin the mutilated and shattered state th r tek• on -la • Iteec tile l a w it existed, he found many rea ,4o4 w ut° consideration. The speech hs ti t he e . ja % tQb e er for Bucks had scarcely touched the . they eNatt e have shown that the relaxation 1 / 4 11 4 t,l f ence 11- " S would diminish our means of ffferi t : at.ld endanger the national security, he t he salkittN, tb .or th e II this respect from the Honourable ~Jectie t west. Riding, that a powerful, perhaps 4 4 .4 OUrit; to be urged against sacrificing the the " %le t .° anY interest. But it was necessary for 11 14 4 te tze e pe to eh ri ftt ite d that view to show that these laws kesitati e " u ttiet e t e en d- The amendment called upon 1 14 teti ll esla spe. the f undamental principles of the ills e Po w t Nee s 41 °Pe What were those principles? The Ith e tr oftheWler established to destroy the mai -10 Ititi lit Ch d • li tchi but what was their effect? . To ti t s Q the 'Net TT advantage over us in the inter• 4 41 1 11 41 t t hes e f o `inited States. —(Hear.) Therefore e ttile.ited strmldable c ompetitors the whole trade NMI() ir eB- s(llear.) • 4- Pts Now, the principles 3 laid down /;3' A(141;"421/13' til THE STTN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1848. applied to the coasting trade, the fisheries, the carrying trade, and colonial intercourse. The coasting trade and fisheries were to bo preserved by Government. At pre sent the carrying trade was reserved for British vessels, or for foreign vessels carrying the produce of their re spective countries. The Right Hon. Gentleman said that he had conferred with Mr. Huskisson; and that he was ready to carry reciprocity further than it was car ried now. Why, there was no greater breach of the fundamental principles of the avie ' ationlaws than that very system of reciprocity; and how could the Right lion. Gentleman ask them to preserve the fundamental principles of the navigation-laws, when he himself ad mitted that he had laboured day and night with Mr. Bus kisson, and was even now prepared still further, to un dermine the very principles he was so anxious to up hold?—(Cheers.) He observed the Right Hon. Gentle man shake his bead; but he would convince him at once by the arguments of those on whom he himself relied, that reciprocity treaties were breaches of the fundamen tal principles of the navigation-laws. Mr. Young was asked before the Committee if he thought the British shipowners sufficiently protected? Ho replied " No; his protection was invaded by the reciprocity treaties." Mr. Richmond, another very able witness, said that "He could not consider the navigation laws afforded the shipowners much protection. They were com pletely mutilated by the reciprocity treaties. Every treaty took something away. He could not have con ceived that those treaties left so little of the navigation laws as he found remaining. In fact those laws were virtually repealed." And yet in the face of this the Right Honourable Gentleman came down there and exhibited his " fundamental principles"—(Loud laugh. ter)—and asked them to pass an instruction to the Committee that those principles should be observed. —(Cheers.) Well, then, as to the colonial inter course. When Adam Smith wrote on that point, about 1775, he did not foresee the separation of America and the circumstances which had since occurred. From that period scarcely a year laid passed without an infringe ment of their " fundamental principles." And he must here observe, that on the occasion of every such in fringement there was precisely the same sort of outcry of " ruin to the shipowner."—(Hear, hear.) In 1782, when they wished to admit Ireland to participation in the colonial trade, the shipowners loudly complained ; and those of Liverpool, in a petition which they ad dressed to that House, declared that " if any such thing were permitted, Liverpool must inevitably be reduced to its original insignificance."—(Hear, and laughter.) So it was in 1825, when the House, not acting on theories, but driven by the necessity of the case— for the question was reciprocity or retaliation— adopted the principle of reciprocity treaties. So it was on every other occasion when relaxations were adopted. In 1833 the Shipowners' Society absoletely declared that " declining .quality and extent of Bri tish tonnage, the embarrassment, decay, and ruin of the British shipowner was now an incontrovertible position."—(Hear, and laughter.) Be it so; that was proof that they ran no risk in modifying these laws. But the fact was, the Shipowners' Society was wrong. In 1833, when " the decay and ruin of tho British ship owner was an incontrovertible position," the British ton nage on the register was 2,634,000 tons, whilst in 1846, under the application of the free-trade principles, it was 3,817,000 tons.—(Hear, hear.) What, too, did Mr. Richmond say? " I am sure," he said, " that Ido not exaggerate when I declare that half the capital embarked in shipping during the last twenty-five 'years has been lost, and that the other half is to a very great extent totally unproductive of profit." He was certain Mr. Richmond would not say a word he dial not believe. He took his statement as a great authority; and if that was the account of what protection had done for the ship owner, surely there was nothing in the statement to show that it would not be for his benefit that there should be a change. Could that change be made for the benefit of the merchant, the capitalist, and the manufacturer, without injury to the shipowner, or to the naval superiority of the country? If it could not, be dropped the whole ques tion; but he thought it capable of proof that it could. In 1836, the tonnage of this country was 2,792,000; in 1842, 3,619,000; in 1847, when free trade ought to have been fatal, 3,952,000. Our seamen numbered in 1841, 117,000; in 1827, 151,000; in 1842, 214,000; in 1847, 232,000. It was in the extent of our commercial marine and the number of our seamen that our main reliance was placed in war. As to impressment that system applied (quay, whether the navigation-laws were maintained or not. But had not the time arrived when it was incumbent on them to consider whether it would be possible ever again to put that system into operation.—(Hear, hear.) Let them consider the changes which had taken place in our naval as well as our commercial marine. After a long peace it might be expected that the men serving in our , commercial marine would be much less qualified to perform the duties of a man-of-war than the men who served in merchant vessels only during the short intervals of peace. Then consider the progress steam navigation had made—how little reliance could be placed on their being able to work steam-vessels by men taken by chance from our merchant-ships. The value of im pressment, therefore, was much reduced; but in either case, as he said before, the value of that system would depend upon the strength of our commercial marine. Now what would be the effect of a change upon that branch? What did we fear? The Member for Buck inghamshire, said of the Baltic ports, that they were closed by the ice during four months of every year. Compare our highly-favoured position with that of those countries?—(Hear, hear.) Take France. France had a strict navigation-law. Had it improved her commer cial marine?—(Hear, hear.) Did it not, on the con trary, suggest a doubt whether naval superiority did not depend on the habits, pursuits, inclinations, and associations of a people rather than on any code of laws whatever?—(Much cheering.) Then, as to the United States : now there was examined before the Committee upon this subject a Captain Briggs, " hailing," as they call it, from Baltimore, but who was employed as the master of a liner between the United States and this country. Captain Briggs was as good a witness as he ever saw. He was examined as to any circumstances which could entitle our shipowners to any protection as against the shipowners of the United States. He was asked what were the wages of ship wrights is tho United States. He answered 10e. a day. Our wages were only 6s. a day. If they talked, there fore, on the argument that the Norwegian vessels could be built at a much less price than our own on account of the lower wages of the shipwrights, they had at least no cause to fear the United States. Captain Briggs was then examined as to wages. He was asked how much he paid American seamen? He replied 645. a month. He was asked if he always employed American seamen? Ile replied, no; that he came to Liverpool and engaged British seamen, to whom he paid 50s. is month. Well, then, there was at once a difference between English and American vessels to the extent of 14s. in favour of our own country. Then, as to ship-building: let them see whether there was a chance of our being able to com pete with the United States. The evidence of Captain Briggs was to the effect that, for ship-building purposes, the Americana obtained canvass and copper from Eng land and cordage from Russia, but paid 10 per cent. more for it than the English. Shipwrights' wages and those of seamen were higher, and timber was nearly on an equality. Under all these circumstances, what fear was there of competition with America?—(Hear, hear.) Captain Briggs also stated as his opinion that we could build a twelve years' ship as cheaply in England as they could a ten years' ship in America. But the Americans had some advantages. They had advantages in the greater intelligence and activity of the masters, and in the temperance and morality of their seamen, but in none of these points had we any right to claim pro tective laws.—(Hear.) Take, then, the case of our colonies. If freight could be had cheaper at New York than at Montreal how much longer could we re• sist the claim of Canada for the removal of the present restrictions.—(Hear, hear.) On the grounds he had stated he had come to the conclusion that the time had come for the consideration of the navigation-laws with a view to their extensive alteration. With respect to the policy of excepting our coasting trade, and also that of obliging our shipowners to hare their vessels three-fourths manned with British subjects, he should reserve himself for a future occasion. On the question of reciprocity treaties, he thought it was deserving of consideration, whether they were not in themselves often causes of great embarrassment. They appeared per fectly fair and easily managed in theory, but when they came to be reduced to practice, they often gave rise to questions of very great difficulty. In his opinion, the great advantage lay in independent legislation on these matters. He feared that the power proposed to be given to the Crown of re-establishing restrictions after a trade had once been opened would be most difficult in opera tion. It looked very like inverting the usual order of the constitution. The House of Commons would relax while the Crown would restrain, and he feared that that was a position which the Crown would find difficult and unpleasant.—(Hear, hear.) He :thought it would be much better to give a temporary force to the Act. Suppose it were sent back to the House of Commons at the end of five years, would not that be better than a continual multiplication of treaties ? He should advise those gentlemen who were anxious to exclude all improvement to consider the great truth, that the pros perity of a commercial marine depended, not on a navi gation-law, but on the prosperity of our manufactures. Whatever tended to promote the prosperity of your commerce and manufactures could not fail to be bene ficial to your shipping interest. Great reliance had been placed on the authority of Mr. Huskisson, but instead of relying on any particular dictum of Mr. Huskisson they should look to the great principles he had laid down, and which were of universal application. Having quot e d at some length Mr. Huskisson'ri opinion as to the advan tages of gradually removing all restrictions from our colonies, and citing the advantage which relaxation had saying g d thtoat ourlnd ia, the Right Hon. Baronet concluded by a duty to our colonies was, to bring them as much as possible into contact with the nations of Eu rope, and to abandon that principle w hich had heretofore regulated the conduct of all countries with respect to their colonies—that of making their interests subser vient to those of the mother country.—(Cheers.) Lord JOHN RUSSELL—I have been saved, Sir, by the speech of the Right Honourable Gentleman who has just sat down from any necessity of detaining the House by going into a defence of the details of the means by which the proposals of the Government should be carried out. I find myself relieved by the consideration, also, that, after the very fullest attention to a very long de bate—after hearing in the course of this night various speeches of two hours' duration against the measures of the Government, that those speeches contain more in re lation to other subjects than that upon the particular proposition before the House and especially with reg ard to the defence o f th e navigation-laws very little argu ment indeed was used.—(H ear , hear, and a laugh . ) The Noble Lord w h o began the debate to-night went rather into his own peculiar vein of argument with respect to those measures of which he was opposed—question s which do no t all affect this question of th e • angution-laws ; and ac- cording to promise, he told us that the whole advantage of such a measure would go to the foreigner, and that none would go to the people of this country. Bar, Sir, the Noble Lord's view of f ore i gn commerce i s so narrow and confined, that he argued thus :—Speaking of our trade in America, he said, we took ice from the Ameri cans as some sort of return for our trade. As if our taking ice was a great favour to the Americans, and not a thing done for our own benefit. Why, sir, ice is an article of luxury with us. Lord G. BENTINCK—Rice—I said rice, not ice.— (Great laughter.) Lord JOHN RUSSELL —Well, whether rice or any other article, it is the same. The Noble Lord ar gued as if it were a favour we were doing the Americans in taking it. Now, Sir, we take these goods for our own advantage—(Hear, hear)—and if we take their goods for our advantage, they in like man ner take our goods for their advantage ; and it seems to me that the advantage of doing away with the difficulties is so apparent, that we need not de tain the House upon that part of the question. The whole question really turns on whether these laws are necessary for our naval supremacy or not.—(Hear, hear.) I really think that a weight which hardly belongs to it has been attached to the long existence whichlthese laws enjoyed. I have no doubt myself but that these laws were adopted by Protector Cromwell as a protection against rival nations. The object in their adoption was to injure ourselves in order to effect a greater injury upon our rivals, and no doubt that object was effected by them. But I very much doubt whether, if Protector Cromwell heard what the effect of these laws at this late period were, then he would think it desirable to keep up that protection in order to prevent the descendants of the Puritans, who were driven to the North American colonies in his time, from enjoying an unrestricted trade with the people of this country.—(Hear, hear.) But in treating this question as a matter of naval defence, we must consider it in the light in which it has been viewed by the Right Hon. Gentleman who spoke last; namely, us to whether it would enable foreign Powers to supplant our commercial marine by engrossing the trade of this country. Now, in considering that question, there are evident indications why we should not fear such competition. In the first place, with regard to the building of ships, we know that with regard to iron, canvass, copper, and other articles, we seem to have the advantage over every other country. In the next place, as regards labour, it is most true, as has been frequently asserted, that English labour is not dear, because the work which is done is superior to that done by the people of other nations receiving a smaller amount of wages. For instance, a comparison has boon drawn with regard to work done at Bombay; but if a certain quan tity of work be done for 65., it is the same thing whether that work be done, as it will be, by one man in this country, who gets 6s. for it, or by six men at Bombay who are paid only ls. a day.—(Hear.) If one man earns 6s. and another earn only ls., it is a com parison between the quantity and fitness of the work which each man performs ; and if the one man who gets 6s. performs as much work as the six men in Bombay who earn only one shilling each, it cannot be said that labour in this country is dearer than it is at Bombay.—(hear, hear.) Then, again, with regard to the United States of America, it is proved that their ship-building must be as dear as ours, and it is proved also that the wages of their seamen are higher than the wages paid to seamen in this country. Then there are other indications also on this subjeca There is this indication, which is a great test—that with regard to a great part of the trade with foreign nations, with re gard to the trade carried on between one foreign nation and another, British ships do compete suc cessfully with the ships of foreign countries ; that they carry, for instance, to, St. Petersburgh and to Ilamburgli, goods from various parts of the world in which they have no navigation-laws, or no protection in their favour; and that, in doing so, they compete with the ships of other countries with complete success. The Hon. Member for Buckinghamshire stated that at Rio there was a greater number of British ships than of the ships of any other country; and at Ham burgh, it appeared from the returns for 18-16, that there were 995 British ships there, and only twelve Ainericaa ships, and so with regard to other years. That would not be a lair comparison between England and America, but as regarded the trade of Rio and Hamburgh, it cer tainly is a satisfactory proof of the ability of this coun try to compete with America.—(Hear, hear.) There are, therefore, these two indications, first with regard to the building and navigation of ships, and next with regard to the state of the actual commerce of the world. But I take it that there is another and a stronger reason for believing that our naval strength will not be diminished by the repeal of these laws, and that is the main consideration of the character of the people of this country, and of the ex tent of capital which we command.—(Hear, hear.) I can imagine a country having a great deal of capital and commerce, but not being trained to marine pursuits, allowing its commerce to go into the hands of another nation, and I can also understand why a country having no capital, but with a turn for naval affairs, should also allow its commerce to get into the hands of another country ; but when I find a nation at once possessing great capital and great powers, and proverbial for its habits in naval pursuits, I cannot doubt but that such a nation must maintain a large commer cial navy.—(Hear, hear.) But what aro the (conse quences experienced from these laws ? It has been said, and I think fairly, that the reciprocity !Act of Mr. Huskisson abrogated a very great part of the navigation-laws with regard to those countries with which we have formed reciprocity treaties ; and, as far as I have been able to form a judgment of the results of these reciprocity treaties, I am pled to think that the benefits of the navigation-laws were, in point of fact, illusory, and that we were left nothing but the bark of the oak—the trunk being entirely destroyed. —(Hear.) Looking back 24 years hence I find that in the 21 years between 1803 and 1823 the increase of our commercial marine was from 339,000 in tons, and 12,000 in men, up to 1.446,000 in tons, and 67,890 in men, showing a vast increase in the four years under the re ciprocity treaties, compared with the twenty years before the reciprocity Act was passed. Such being the case then, I can have no doubt—not the smallest—that if we abrogate the principal part of the navigation-laws that are remaining, our commercial marine will increase further than it has already done. I cannot doubt but that these restrictions being removed, we shall continue that which I believe to be the foundation of a great and powerful navy, namely, a strong commercial marine.— (Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") I quite admit, with my Right Honourable Friend, that if there were the least reason to suppose that our maritime strength would be, not destroyed, but even diminished by a measure of this nature, it wonld be unadvisable for this House to adopt it; but my belief is the other way. Seeing that every measure tending to relax and not to increase re strictions, has had a tendency to increase our commer cial marine instead of to injure it, I cannot but believe that similar relaxations in the same direction must be attended with a like tendency.—(Hear, hear.) An Hon. Member who spoke during this debate mentioned one of the securities for having our navy well manned, as being destroyed by the proposal of my Right Hon. Friend, because it was intended to do away with the ap prenticeship system in the mercantile marine. But I believe that there never was anything more injurious or unjust than putting a tax on the commercial marine, by compelling the shipowner to have a certain number of boys in bis ship whether he wanted them or not, in order to furnish the navy with men, and I cannot understand how those who profess to be the advo cates of the shipowners and of the shipping interests of this country, should come forward in support of a restriction naturally so glaring as that of obliging the shipowners to have a number of apprentices and boys in their service that did not suit their convenience or their necessities.—(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Member for Buckinghamshire, who spoke in this debate, made what I consider was a statement unworthy of his position in this House, when he laid such blame on certain officers of the Board of Trade who had laid returns before this House and the other House of Parliament, and who had given evidence before the Committees of both Houses on this subject.—(Hear, hear.) I think that when these gentlemen have furnished returns asked for by Ministers in the several departments, or by Members of this House, exactly in the form required, and that they gave in every way most intelligent evidence ; and when we consider that they have no means of defence in this House—(dear, hear)—l think that under such circum stances, to turn the indignation of the House upon them, and to represent them as making interested statements, is a course unworthy the position of the Hon. Gentleman. —(Hear.) And then the excuse for them is, I think, a very weak excuse, that these gentlemen of the Board of Trade are biassed in favour of free-trade principles. —(Bear.) With regard to this subject, upon which the Hon. Gentleman makes an accusation against us, I think he might as well say that the University of Cambridge was to blame because they had a bias towards the Newtonian theory, as that the officers of the Board of Trade, because they prepared certain tables, had a bias towards the principles of free trade.—(llcar, hear.) I reckon those principles to be the principles of science, established now upon sixty or seventy years' discussion in the opinion of all enlightened men who have re flected upon the subject. The Hon. Gentleman, how ever, has accused us of acting with recklessness and ig norance, because we have proposed to go into Committee upon the navigation-laws, in order to see if they cannot be amended. Our proposition is (I will not now enter upon a consideration;of the question whether it is the best) to act as if the navigation-laws had not existed, as if the ships of all nations should be received in our ports in the same manner as British ships, with the exception of the coasting trade; and to reserve power to the Sove reign by order in Council to impose conditions and re strictions upon those who impose conditions and restric tions upon us. I think the principle is a right one. I am quite sure that so far from being a sign of that igno rance which the Honourable Gentleman laments in us, it is, upon the other hand, a sign of ignorance in him, and in those who act with him, that they still persist in maintaining a theory which is contrary to all acknow ledged principles, contrary to all the science of the age, contrary to all who have studied the subject in the closet, and contrary to all the dicta laid down by Pitt and Huskisson, and other enlightened statesmen.— (Loud cheers.) I am convinced it is the duty of this House to act according to the knowledge of the times—(Hear, hear)—and I am convinced that if they were to refuse to go into Committee, if they were to keep up these restrictions be cause they existed in former times, this House would properly deserve the phrase of recklessness and ignorance. —(Hear, hear,) But I am, on the other hand, convinced that by removing these restrictions you will draw closer those bonds of amity with foreign nations which are ready to act in friendship and amity with you, and give a proof of the great destinies that await you.—(Cheers.) The House divided, when there appeared— For Mr. Herries's amendment 177 Against it 294 Majority in favour of the Goverment •-117 The House then went into Committee, and the raso • lution was agreed to and reported, and the Bill was then brought in, founded on the resolution. ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE. Lord J. RUSSELL moved that the House at its rising should adjourn to Thursday; the 15th instant. Teed to. The other orders of the day were then disposed of, and the House adjourned at a Quarter to Three o'clock. PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS (From the Votes and Proceedings of the Hause of Commons.) NAVIGATION AND REG FRIDAY, JUNE 2. ULATION OF SHIPS AND SEAMEN. Order read for resuming adjourned Debate on Amendmen , proposed to be mad e to Question (May 29) " That Mr. Speaker do now l eave t h e Chair ;" and which Amendment was to leave out f rom the word " That " to the end of the Question, in orde r t o add the words " it is essential to the national interests of this Country to maintain the funda mental principles of the existing Navigation-laws; subject to such modifications as may be best calculated to obviate. any proved inconvenience to the Commerce of the United Kingdom and its dependencies, without danger to our maritime strength," instead thereof:—Question again pro posed, " That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Question." Debate resumed :—Question put. The House divided : MAJORITY -AYES, 294. Abdy, T. N. Freestun, Colonel O'Brien, John Acland, Sir T. D. Gibson, T. Id. , O'Connell, M. J. Adair, Hugh E. Gladstone, W. E. O'Flaherty, Anthony Adair, R. Shaft() Glyn, George Carr Ogle, S. C. Adore, Viscount Grace, O. D. J. Ord, W. Adderley, C. B. Graham, Sir J. Oswald, Alexander Agllonby, H. A. Granger, T. C. Paget, Lord A. Alcock, Thomas Greene, John Paget, Lord Clarence Anson, Colonel Greene, Thomas Paget, Lord G. Anson, Viscount Grenfell, C. Pascoe Palmerston, Viscount Ansley, T. C. Grenfell, Charles W. Patten, J. W. Armstrong, Sir A. G rey, Sir George Pearson, Charles Armstrong, R. B. Grey, Ralph vr . Peel,;Sir Robert , Arundel, Earl of Grosvenor, Lord It. Perfect, Robert Barkly, Henry Guest, Sir J. Philips, Sir G. R. Baring, If. B. Haggai, F. It.' Pilkington, James Baring, Sir F. T. Hall, Sir Benjamin Pugh. David Barron, Sir 11. Hallyburton, Lord Puscy, P. Bellew, R. M. Hamilton, Lord C. Raphael, Alexander Berkeley, Captain Harmer, Sir J. Rawdon, Colonel Berkeley, H. liastie, Aleiander Reynolds, Jouh Bernal, Ralph Mastic, Archibald Ricardo, J. L. Birch, Mr Thomas Hawes, B. Ricardo, Osman Blackall, S. W. Hay, Lord John Rich, Henry Blake, M. J. Ilayter, W. G. Robartes, T.J. Bolling, William Headlam, T. E. Roche, E. B. Bouverie, E. P. Heald, James Romilly, Sir John Bowring, Dr. Ileneage, G. H. Russell, Lord John Boyd, John Ileneage, E. Russell, Eduard S. Boyle, Colonel Herbert, henry A. Russell, F. C. Brand, Thomas Herbert, Sidney Rutherford, A. Bright, John Hervey, Lord A. Salem . , Colonel Brotherton, Joseph Heywood, James Sanders, George Brown, W. 'Lindley, Charles Sebolefleld,iWilliam Bruce, Lord E. Hobhouse, Sir John Scrope, G. P. Bulkeley, Sir R. E. ILobhouse, T. B. Seymour, Lord Buller, Charles Hodges, T. L. Shell, R. L. Sunbury, E. H. Hodges, T. Twisden Shelburne, Earl of Burke, Sir T. J. Hogg, Sir J. W. Sheridan, R. B. Buxton, Sir E. Reiland, Rolijort Simeon, John Callaghan, D. Hope, Sir .1. Smith, R. V. Campbell, W. F. Hope, IL T. Smith, John A. Cardwell, Edward Hope, Alexander Smith, M. Tacker Carew,ilV. P. Horaman, Edward Smythe, G. Carter, J. B. Howard, C. W. Somerville. Sir W. Caulfield, Colonel Howard, E. G. Spearman, H. J. Cavendish, C. C. Howard, Sir R. Stansfield, W. R. Cavendish, G. H. Hume, Joseph Stanton, W.:11. Chaplin, W. J. Jervis, Sir John Staunton, Sir G. Charteris, Francis Keating, Robert Stuart, Lord I). Childers, J. W. Keogh, William Stuart, Lord J. Clay, James] Keppel, iGeorge T. Sullivan, Michael Clerk Sir George Ker, Rickard Sutton, li. M. Clifford, Henry M. Kershaw, James Talbot, J. H. Cobden, R. Kildare, Marquis Talfourd, Sergeant Cochrane, A. King, Peter John Taucred, H. W. Cocks, T. S. Labouchere, Henry Tenison, E. K. Coke, E. K. Langston, J. H. Tennent, , . J. Colebrooke, Sir T. Lascelles, W. S. Thesiger, Sir F. Conyngham, Lord A. Lemon, Sir C. Thicknesse, Ralph Corbally, M. E. Lewis, Sir T. Thompson, Colonel Courtenay, Lord Lewis, George C: Thompson, G eorge Cowan, Charles Lincoln, Earl of Thornely, Thomas Cowper, W. F. Lindsay, Colonel Towneley, John Craig, W. G. Littleton, E. R. Towneley, Charles Crawford, W. S. Loch, James Townley, It. G. Currie, Henry Locke, Joseph Traill, George Currie, Raikes Lockhart, A. E. Tufnell, H. Dalrymple, Captain Lushington, C. Turner, Edmund Davie, Sir Henry IPCulla,gh, W. T. Tenser, G. J. Denison, J. ,E. DPGregor, Joins_ Tynte, Colonel D'Eyncourt, T. M a h er , N. _.... Vane, Lord H. Divett, E. 3lalson, O'Gorman Verney, Sir 11. Douglas, Sir C. Maitland, Thomas Villiers, Viscount Drummond, Home Mangles, R. D. Villiers, Charles Duncan, Viscount Marshall, William Vivian, J. H. Duncan, George Martin, ,T. Wakley, T. Dundas, Admiral Martin, C. W. Wall, C. B. East, Sir J. B. Martin, S. Walter, John Ebrington, Lord Matheson, A. Ward, 11. G. Ellice, Edward Matheson, James Watkins, Colonel Ellice, E., jun. Matheson, Colonel Wellesley, Lord C, Elliot, J. E. Mamie, Fox Westenra, John C. Enfield, Lord Molgund, Viscount IVesthead, J. P. Estcourt, J. B. B. Milner, W. 111. Whitmore, T. C. Evans, John Milnes, R. Moncktou Willcox, Brodie Evans, William Milton, Viscount Williams, John Ewart, William Mitchell, A. T. Wilson, James Fagan, William Montt, George Wilson ; Matthew Fergus, John Molesworth, Sir W. Wood, Sir Charles Fitzpatrick, d W. Monsen, William Wood, W. P. Fitzrey, Henry Morgan, 11. K. G. Wortley, J. S. Fitzwilliam, G. W. Morpeth, Viscount Wrightson, N.B. Foley, John H. Morison, Sir W. Wyid, James Fordyce, A. D. Morris, David Wyvill, Marmaduko Forster, Matthew Mostyn, E. M. L. Young, Sir John Fortescue, Chichester Mowatt, Francis TELLERS. Fortescue, J. W. Norreys, Lord Hill, Lord Marcus Fox, W. J. Nugent, Sir Percy Parker, John MINORITY-NOES, 177. . - Alford, Viscount Fellowes, E. Neeld, Joseph Archdall, Captain Floyer, John Newport, Viscount Arkwright, G. Forbes, Win. Noel, G. J. Bagot, Hon.W. Forester, G. C. Ossulton, Lord; Bailey, Joseph Fox, S. L. Packs, C. W. Bailey, J., jun. Fuller, A. E. Palmer, Roundel! Baillie, 11. J. Galway, Viscount Pattison, J. Babies, M. T. Goddard, A. L. Pigot, Sir Robert Baldoek, E. H. Gordon, Admiral Plowden, W. 11. ' Bankes, G. Gore, W. 0. Powell, Colonel Baring, Thomas Goring, Charles Powlett, Lord W. Barrington, Viscount Granby, Marquis of Prime, Richard Bateson, T. ' Grogan, E. Reid, Colonel Beubow, John Gwyn, Howel Renton, John C. Benoit, J. Male, R. B. Eepton, G. W. Bennet, Philip Belford, Sir Henry Richards, Richard Bentinck, Lord G. Hall, Colonel Robinson. George Bentiuck, Lord H. Halsey, T.P. Rolleston, Colonel Bernard, Viscount Hamilton, J. 11. Rufford, Francis Blackstone,SW. S. Harris, Hon. Capt. Rushout, Captain Boldero, Henry Heathcote, G. J. Sadlcir, John Bourke, Richard S. Henley, J. W. Scott, F. Bowles, Admiral Herries, J. C. Brackley, Visc.unt Hildyard, R . C. Seynier, 11. K. Bramston, T. W. Hildyard, T.JI. T. Shirley. H. J. Bremridge, Richard Hill, L or d E . Sibthorp, Colone l Brisco, M. Hood, Si r A. Smyth, J. G. Broadley, Henry Hothain, Lord Susollett, A. Brooke, Lord H u d son, George s Bruce, C. L. Il umphery, Ald. Sea ham, Somerset, Viscount t , Captain Sotheron, T. 11. S. Buck, L. W. I ngestre, Visct. Spooner, Richard Buller, Sir J. Y. I ng li s , S ir E. ii. Stafford, Augustus Bunbury, William Joh ns t one, Sir J. Stanley, B. Burghley, Lord Jolliff e , Si r WG. Stephenson, Robert Burrell, Sir C. Jones, C aptain Stuart, Henry Burroughes, 11. Kerrison, Sir E. Stuart, J. Cabbell, B. B. Kuightley, Sir C. Talbot, C. R. Cayley, Edward S. Knox, Colonel Taylor, Thomas E. Chichester, Lord J. Lacy, H. C. Thompson, Alderma Christopher, It. Lascelles, E. Thornhill, G. Clive, Henry B. Law, Hon. E. C. Tollemache, John Cole, H. A. Lenn ox , L ord G. H. Trollops, Sir J. Coles, Henry B. Leslie, C. P. Tyrrel l , Si r J. T. Cubittt, William Lockhart, W. Verner, Si r W. Curteis, H. M. Lygou, G eneral Vesey, Hon. T. Davies, D. A. S. Macken z i e, W. F. Villiers, F. W. Decdes, W. Mand ev ill e, Viscount Vivian, J. E. Dick, Quintin Mannors,•Lord G. Vyse, It. H. Disraeli, B. Westerman, John Waddington, David lima, J. S. W. Mannseli, T. P. Waddington, 11. S. Duke, Sir J. Maxwell, J. P. Walpole, Spencer Duncombe, A. lieux, Sir Henry Walsh, Sir J. Duncombe, 0. Miles, I'. W. S. Williams, T. P. Dundas, G. Miles, W. Williamson, Sir H. Dunne, F. I'. Moore, George H. Wodehouse,E. Du Pre, C. G. Morgan, O. Worcester, Marquis Edwards, Henry mulgrave, Earl Wynn, Sir W. Emlyn, Viscount Mullings, J. R. TELLERS. Farnham, E. B. Kure, Colonel Beresford, William Farrer, James Neeld, John Newdegate, N. NATIONAL LAND SCHEME. The Select Committee appointed to inquire into the merits of the National Land Scheme met yesterday in Committee-Room, No. 21, House of Commons. Mr. William Hayter, in the chair. The other. Mem bers of the Committee were Sir Benjamin Hall, Mr. G. Thompson, Mr. Scholefield, ILir. Feargus O'Connor, and Mr. Monsell. Mr. Chinnery was called and:examined. ID said the number of allures held by the persons who signed the deed was 25,393. The deed was signed by 7,566 per sons, and the complete registration of the emnl'a n Y was effected in February last. Mr. Feargus O'Connor told him first of all to register the society under the Friendly Societies' Act; and if he should not succeed, to register it as a joint-stock company. Mr. O'Connor had never said it was not his intention to register. Wit ness made Mr. Robert, the solicitor, acquainted from time to time with the progress which he had made in effecting the registration. Mr. Roberts's name was in. serted in the deed of settlement as treasurer of the com pany. Did not know that every person who became a shareholder signed the rules of the National Land Company. Knew nothing of Mr. Roberts's conduct as treasurer in carrying out the provisions of the deed. The gentlemen named as truitees in the deed were Thomas Esq., Slingsby Duncornbe, Esq., John Sewell , and Ernest Jones, E sq . ; b u t none o f the property bough t with the money of the company had been conveyed to those gentlemen. It might have been conveyed to them just as well as to Mr. O'Connor if' they had been named for that purpose. No land whatever which had been purchased with the company's money was conveyed to any one except Mr. O'Connor. T he first purchase of land was made in March, 1846, and consisted of one hundred and three acres, called the llerringsgate Estate. The purchase-money amounted to 2,344/ The next purchase made was of land, at Lowbank, in Worcester shire, in October, 1816. It consisted of 470 acres, and the cost for the freehold was 8,560/, which was paid by Mr. O'Connor in hard cash, in, the presence of wit ness. Snigsend and Mot Farm was the next land purchased by the company. There were 268 acres, and the amount of purchase-money was 12,2001. Another purchase was of land at Minster Lovel, in Oxford s hi re, consisting of 297 acres, at the cost of 10 , 87 81 ; 280 acres :were also purchased, called Dodsford, Hold fordswell, for 10,350/, which included timber, and the estate was unencumbered. They were at present completing the purchase of an estate called Maythorn for 15,050/, exclusive of the timber upon it. The total amount of money actually invested in land, in the way m enti oned , amounted to 44,332/. U pon the last purchase a deposit 'had been p a id o f 1,5001. No part whatever o f the land so purchas e d had been sold to any person. Mr. O'Connor was the only proprietor of the land and labour bank, with was connected with the National Land Company, and the depositors in the bank had nu legal claim upon the land which had been pur chased. Both the establishments were hold under one roof, and that fact might be calculated to mislead per sons, and induce them to believe that they wore one and the same concern. There were no directors, treasurers, solicitors, or other officers connected with the bank, and it was solely under the management of Mr. O'Connor. The whole expense connected with the preparations and execution of the deed was 2,1761, which included the cost of endeavouring to enrol the society in the first in stance. That was the amount of Mr. Roberts's bill. 1 Cross-examined by Mr. O'CONNOR—It had been ar ranged that th e directors of the Land Company should also be joint direetors of the Land and Labour Bank, but it was found impracticable to carry out that arrangement. The matter had been submitted to a barrister, and he was of opinion that a bank could not be established in con nexion with the land scheme. He understood that the directors were liable to reelection. Did not think that the company could have been managed more econo mically than it had been. As to both the undertakings being under the same roof, the witness, in answer to a question of Mr. O'Connor, said he was aware that the Houses of Lords and Commons were under one roof, and believed there was very little communication be tween them. Had heard that Mr. O'Connor had offered to put all the funds of the company into the hands of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and allow him to nomi nate trustees. By the CHAIRMAN—AIthough Mr. O'Connor said he wished to divest himself of the property, he was not aware that he had taken any steps for the purpose of doing so. Sir BENJAIIIN HALL said, in reference to an observa tion made by Mr. O'Connor in the course of the exami nation, that Lord Ashley had told him that he would not consent to be connected with the Land Company, either directly or indirectly. Mr. Philip M‘Grath, financial secretary of the Na tional Land Company, was then called and examined— He said the London and Joint Stock Bank were the bankers of the company. The balance-sheets of the company were produced at the meetings of the share holders. He was also a director of the company, and had been so since April. Witness handed in a balance sheet, showing that up to :the 25th March last the total receipts were 94,184/. 6s. lid., and the expendi ture 4,378/. 14s. 9d., leaving a balance of 89,8051. 10s. 2d., which consisted of cash in hand, houses, and land. He had himself no part of that balance in band, as he paid over every week to Mr. M'Gowan, printer and publisher of Great Windmill -street, all the balance he had in his possession as financial secretary. Mr. M‘Gowan was an agent of Mr. O'Connor, and officially he did not know what became of the money after he paid it into his hands. COMMITTEE-Mr. M‘Gowan is the printer and publisher of the Northern Star. Witness—The rules of the National Land Company had not been strictly obeyed. The auditors were Mr. Cuffay and Mr. James Knight. Sir B. HALL—I see an item in one of the books of 751. 123. Bd. set forth as being paid to the Convention on the 27th of April. Am I to understand that this Convention is one of the objects of the association? —No. Then was that sum paid to the Convention? Wit ness—lt was paid to the order of Mr. O'Connor, and will be refunded by him; but, as far as my information as financial secretary goes, that sum has not been re paid. Some of the delegates at that Convention were deficient in funds to carry them to their homes, and Mr. O'Connor agreed to supply them with money. There were three lecturers employed for some time at the rate of 21. a week, for the purpose of making known the objects of the company. There was no rule of the society which gave power to the directors to expend money either in assisting the Convention or in keeping lecturers. The witness was next examined by Mr. O'Connor and other members of the Committee. At four o'clock the Committee adjourned. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. WORSHIP-STREET. TEE VICTIMS OF A CHARTIST MOB.—T. and F. Woodward, the young men who were so brutally mal treated by a portion of the Chartist mob on Sunday last, under the false assumption that they were special constables, and the facts of whose case appeared in our Wednesday's impression, applied to Mr. Arnold for some pecuniary assistance from the poor-box. It appeared from their statement that, in consequence of the serious injuries they had sustained on the occa sion referred to, and from the effects of which both of them were still suffering, they were incapacitated from pursuing their ordinary avocations, and ,having been robbed by the rabble of every farthing they possessed, were reduced in consequence to a state of destitution. Ono of the brothers, a printer, whose eyes were fright fully swollen and discoloured, and his person covered with bruises, intimated that he had made a painful effort two days previously to resume his employ ment at the office of iMr. Nicholls, in Hoxton-square, where ho had been some time engaged, but was almost immediately seized with such acute pains and throbbings in the head, accompanied by giddiness and dimness of sight, that he was compelled to relinquish the attempt. The other appli- cant, a working silversmith, stated that his position was even more hopeless than that of his brother as he was so terribly disfigured that he could not offer himself for employment, if he were even in a condition to accept it, which was so far from being the case, that on calling that morning upon is dentist, who had humanely offered to supply him with artificial teeth in the place of those which had been knocked out by the mob, he was in formed by that gentleman, after an examination of his mouth, that he had sustained a fracture of the jaw, which would necessarily preclude the operation for seine weeks, and how to subsist in the meantime he was at a loss to conceive, as he was wholly without means or a friend to assist him. Mr. Henley, the chief usher, who had rescued o ne o f the young men, at gre a t personal: risk, after ho had been besieged by the mob for nearly two hours in a house where he had fled for refuge, said he had been at some pains to ascertain the correctness of their representa tions, and was enabled thereby fully to substantiate them. Mr. ARNOLD said that it certainly appeared a case de serving commiseration, but regretted that the funds at his disposal would not enable him to afford more than I us. for their immediate wants, which the applicants re ceived with a grateful acknowledgment. WANDS WORTH. Henry Caswell, a butcher in the Borough-road, South wark, was charged before Mr. Beadon with stealing an ewe sheep, the property of some person unknown, from off Clapham-common. In consequence of several butchers at Clapham having recently lost sheep which they had turned on the Com mon, and complained to the police, Sergeant Emmer son, 16 V, two constables were ;ordered to keep watch in plain clothes. On Tuesday night, between ten and eleven o'olock, Police -constable Collins, 108 V, saw a cart drive past a small flock of sheep; it returned again in a few minutes, and the prisoner alighting, instantly caught hold of a sheep, tied its hind legs together, and threw it into his cart. He had mounted, and was going to drive off, when Collins immediately caught hold of the horse's head and told the prisoner to step. The latter threw the sheep out of the fore part of his cart, where the sergeant secured it. The prisoner then struck Collins and the other constable such desperate blows with the butt-end of his whip, that they were compelled, in self-defence, to strike him with their staves (the prisoner's heid was bandaged up and he was covared with blood), and it was not until a most determined resistance had been persevered in by the prisoner that he was taken. A cord was found in the prisoner's pocket similar to the one round the sheep's hind legs. _ _ wouldet only whobe necessary was essa the yt e owner of to remandthe this sheep, pEnime rinerr butn said if possible it to easeerteio a to connect th e pri soner with other cases of sh e ep- s t ea li ng. Within a very short space of time Mr. N ea l e , o f C lapham, had lost three sheep off the Common, Mr. A rno ld two, and Mr. Sergeant Terry one. Mr. BEADON said he would remand the case, but would hear anything the prisoner had to say. The prisoner said he went out for a ride and to collect in some money, and as he was returning home, there were a lot of sheep lying in the road, and he ran over this one; he thought it a pity the sheep should die, and believing its back to be broken, he tied its legs that it might be quiet, and he intended to take it to Clapham and find out what butcher it belonged to, when as he was driving off, the policemen rushed out on him, and hit him on the head with their truncheons. He asked for mercy, but they showed him none. He thought it was very wrong for them to take him up, and lock him up all night.. Sergeant Emmerson said there was nothing the matter with the sheep, they had brought it and the horse and cart to the Court. Tne father of the prisoner asked for the horse and cart to be given into his keeping. Inspector Husain raid it was most important that the horse and cart should nut go out of the possession of the police. - Mr. BEADON remanded the prisoner, and refused to accept any amount of bail. THE CHARTIST DISTURBANCES. DANGEROUS ORGANIZATION FOR MONDAY NEXT.-- Notwithstanding the intention of the Government to put down all processions or open air meetings which are cal culated to cause terror and alarm in the metropolis, the Chartists last night gave notice that it was their inten tion to meet in a body on Monday next, at Bishop Bon ner's- fields. Circulars were sent by the Executive to the secretaries of the Chartist body, and they have deter mined, in spite of all resistance on the part of the au thorities, to meet at half-past two o'clock, and conclude by six o'clock, if possible. A few days since an address was sent by the Chartists to Sir George Grey to be laid before her Majesty, the receipt of which was acknowledged by the Home Secre tary, and the Right Hon. Baronet stated that he had laid the document before the Queen. Dr. M'Douall, to whom the answer was sent, has since seat a very impertinent letter to Sir George Grey, in which he stated that he was instructed to inquire whe ther her Majesty was graciously pleased to receive that address—whether any command had been issued con cerning it, and whether it was the intention of the Mi nisters to advise the Queen to consider the same, with a view of complying with the prayer of the address. Let ters have also been sent to Lord John Russell, the Prime Minister, by the Chartist body. In one they state that his Lordship has thrown down the gauntlet, and they had accepted the challenge. They intended, at all hazards, to hold peaceful demonstrations. They wished to ascertain his Lordship's intentions, they had reason to do so, they stated, after the experience the people had had in this metropolis of the murderous acts of the po let l t i e c r e s . h a l r t e is n e n t e e b d e l e e n s s a l t t o og s e t a t h t e e r t r h e a l t i s t h h e e d b a y n s t w h er ee s h t a o rt t i h s e t executive. The organizing of the Chartist members, which has been so long talked about, has most signally failed on the Surrey side of the water. In the extensive parish of Lambeth not more than 130 persons have, up to last night, enrolled themselves. It is therefore very ques tionable whether one tithe of the 200,000 men announced to walk in procession and upset the present Govern ment will meet on Monday next. A meeting, of a most disgraceful character, took place last night, in the South-London Chartist Hall, Webber street, Blackfriars-road. After an address from the chairman, a number of persons surrounded another party, who entered the room apparently out of curiosity, when the rabble gave vent to the most violent epithets. One fellow cried out, " Here is a Government spy." Another said, " Then turn him out." The chairman here interposed, and said he felt highly honoured that he had a Government spy present. —(Cries of " Oh!" and "No, no.") Another fellow spoke to the party in question, and inquired his name; and upon being told, was answered that it was a lie, he know better, he knew perfectly well who he was, he was the scoundrel who had given evidence against some of their brave patriots at Bow-street.—(Cries of "Then break his neck, turn him down stairs., kill the The chairman having obtained silence, the speaker was again addressing the meeting, when another howl was set up, "Turn the Government spies out, throw them down stairs." The party not altogether liking the company he had got into, was in the act of departing, when some fellows cried out at the top of their voices, " He is going." They had no sooner done so, than a number of other persons cried out, "Don't let him, pin him, stab him, or break his neck." In the midst of the confusion the party made off; accompanied by a friend. Mr. Inspector Rogers, of the L division, on being made acquainted with the violent character of the parties composing the meeting, had the whole of the reserve men belonging to that division placed on duty in case their services should be required. The only meeting announced to take place on Mon day by the Chartists is in Bonner's Fields; but, from private information, the Government is in possession of the fact that monster meetings aro to take place at Croydon and other parts. Every provision has been made by the authorities to meet any emergency, either in the metropolis or suburbs; and we can confidently assert that it any procession is attempted in the metro litan district, the most stringent measures will be adopted to break it up. Information has been sent, to the effect that it is the intention of the mob to liberate all the prisoners taken in connexion with the Chartist disturbances. If such was attempted, it must have as great a failure as any of their previous attempts. Last night 800 soldiers were marched into the Penitentiary, and are there to remain until after Monday, in case any attack should be made on that prison. The whole of the turnkeys and wardens were at the same time placed under arms, and similar precautions have been adopted at all the other prisons. Mr. Feargus O'Connor, M.P., last night announced that after the busy day of Monday next, he should leave London by mail train for Birmingham, in order to be in good time for Sheffield on Tuesday, where a grand pro cession is to take place. He also stated that he had given directions for employing the best counsel for Ernest Jones, &c., and he requested that every man would sond a post-office order directed to him, which will be placed to the defence fund. The several districts where riotous meeting have been held (except Lambeth) were perfectly quiet last night at half -past ten o'clock. MR FEARGUS O'CONNOR AND THE CHARTIST LEADERS. Yesterday, Mr. F. O'Connor, M.P., waited on Mr. Jardine, the sitting magistrate at Bow-street Police court, to ascertain if he could not be admitted as one of the sureties for Mr. ,Ernest Jones, the Chartist leader, who has been committed for trial, without being obliged to remain in town twenty-four hours, the time specified to give the Government authorities the required notices for that purpose. Ile considered that such a time was named by the Court to ascertain the respectability of the party offering himself, and such being the case, he presumed there could be no objection to accept of his recognizances without further delay, as he obliged to leave town on important business ; still, if sWfs uch an order was imperative, he would remain, however incon venient it might be, that he might be accepted as one of the sureties. Mr. Jardine said lie was not the magistrate' who heard the charges against any of the persons alluded to, and consequently could not be aware of any order that had been made upon the subject ; but he concluded that the notice should be given to the Solicitor of the Trea sury, by whom the prosecution was conducted, and who would sanction the bail to be accepted. Mr. O'Connor said that he had sent in his name at the solicitor's office on Thursday evening, but the office hap pened to be closed, and he could obtain no information to his inquiries, and he would repeat his visit if there was a prospect of success. Mr. Jardine thought there was every probability. Mr. O'Brien, the second clerk, said that four names had been sent into the solicitor's office for selection. Mr. O'Connor said he would at once proceed there; and, having left in a cab for that purpose, on his return the magistrate had gone, it being then after five o'clock; but it was understood that he had been accepted as one of the sureties. THE SPECIALS.—On entering the court the llon. Member was asked if he wished to be sworn in as a special constable—there being a vast quantity sworn in during the day—and he replied, "God forbid!" FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE OF FRIDAY. CROWN-OFFICE, JUNE 9, 1848. MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT PARLIAMENT. County of Chester (Northern Division)—George Corn wall Legh, of High Legh, in the said county, Esq., in the room of the Light Hon. Edward John Stanley, now Baron Eddisbury. TREASURY-CHAMBERS, WHITEHALL, JUNE G. The Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury have been pleased to appoint Richard Madox Bromley, Esq., to be Secretary to the Commissioners for Auditing the Public Accounts, vice John Lewis Mallet, Esq., retired. WAR-OFFICE, JUNE 9. 2d Dragoons —Captain Samuel Tooscy Williams, from 47th Foot, to be Captain, vice Grant, who exchanges, June 9. 3d Light Dragoons—Lieutenant James Cowell to by be Captain, by purchase, vice Martin, wi Cornet Georg e Th omas G oug h to be Lieutenant, E rotirr:..n ; purchase, vice Cow e ll, J une 9 ; Li eutenant GeorgeE. ICauntze to be Adjutant, vice Sullivan, who resigns the Adjutancy only, March 30. 2d Foot—John Charles Weir, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Mathias, promoted, June 9. l2th Foot—Lieut. Sa mue l F a i rt l ough, from half-pay 63d Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Storey, promoted, June 9. 17th Foot—Ensign William Pollard, from 57th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Pilmer, who exchanges, June 9. 27th Foot—Lieutenant Francis William Johnstone to be Captain, by purchase, vice Cole, who retires; Ensign Edward Barnes to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Johnstone; William Douglas Phelips, Gent., to be En sign, by purchase, vice Barnes, June 9. 47th Foot—Captain Walter Colquhoun G-rant, from 2d Dragoons, to be Captain, vice Williams, who ex changes, June 9. 57th Foot—Ensign Richard Pilmer, from 17th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Pollard, who exchanges, June 9. 68th Foot—Lieutenant Thomas de Courcy Hamilton, from 90th Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Stephouson, who exchanges, June 9. 90th Foot—Lieutenant William George St evenson, from 68th Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Hamilt on, who exchanges, June 9. 95th Foot—Lieutenant George Cornwall to be Cap tain, without purchase, vice David Dickson, who re tires upon full pay; Ensign Henry Foster to lie Lieu tenant, vice Cornwall; Gentleman Cadet John. Coltman Davenport, from Royal Military College, to be. Ensign, vice Foster, June 9. Rifle Brigade—Lieutenant Julius Richard Glyn to be Captain, by purchase, vice the Hon. J. A. Keane, who retires; Second Lieutenant Arthur William Godfrey to bo First Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Glyn; Charles William Doherty, Gent., to be Second Lieutent , nt, by purchase, vice Godfrey; Second Lieutenant VI Tilliam Bagenall Brewster, to be Adjutant, vice Glyn, pro moted, June 9. Unattached—Lieutenant Charles Robert Store:, 7, from 12th Foot, to be C apta i n, without purchase, Jima! 9. MENORANDUAL—The Christian names of I,7aptaia Mitchell, on half-pay Unattached, are Thomas lenry. The Christian names of Ensign Gosling, of tl.l 49th Foot, are Fanshawo ERRATUM in the Gazette of the 6th inst.—Roy; ii'. Regi ment of Artillery.—The date of the promotion c,f Cap tain Ellis, Second Captain Wragge, and First Lie t tenant Farmer, should be 30th of May, instead of 13th f May. Commissions by the Lord-Lieutenant of Dorseta hire. tenants Ca Gerard Sturt, Esq., ALP., to be Deputy Lieu tenant, June 5. ;Captain Henry Periu Steel e to b e Deputy Lieu- Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Kincardin eshire. 105th Regiment of North British Militia—Davi d Wil liam Balfour Ogilvy, Esq., to be Captain, May 26. BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. Stephen Davis and Adolphus Troeger, furriers, York. BAN KRUPTS. Robert Wilson, surgeon, Slough, Buckinghan tshire. to surrender June 17, at two, and July 29, at a Leven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Follett, official ass ignee, Sambrook -court, Basinghall-street; Smith, Bedford i-row; Bowles, Windsor. George Payne, wholesale clothier, Minories, Ji me 21, at twelve, and July 21, at eleven, at the Court o f Bank ruptcy. Stansfeld wood, , official a ss i gnee; Shi e l d an i t Har- William Queen-street, Cheapside. 16, at t wo, and July Bignell, tail or, Codicote, Hertfordshi re, June 18, at t we l ve, at the Court a Bank ruptcy. G room, official assignee, Abchurch-lan e,a Lem rd-street ; T a yl or, Guildhall-chambers, Bas inghall street. Samuel Carroll, broker, Mincing-lane, City, J 2 17 at two, and J uly 24, at twelve, at the Court of ;Ban ruptcy. Green, official assignee, Aldermanbury;, Kirk man, Laurence Yountney-lan e . ne Ik7 , William Henry llyde, printer, Newcastle-under ;Lyme, June 20, and July Is, at eleven, at the Birmingh ; vat Dis trict Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Birmi ugham; Harding, Newcastle-under-Lyme. William Sutcliffe, worsted stuff manufacturer , Brad ford, Yorkshire, Juno 23 and August 4, at ten, at the Leeds District Court. Freeman, official assignee, Leeds; Gregory and Sons, Clement's Inn ; Pickup, Bra I ford ; Bond and Barwick, Leeds. John Redman, coach pr o p r i etor, Liverpool, Ju 1 to 26 and July 14, at eleven, at the Liverpool District a )urt. Morgan, official assignee, Liverpool ; Vi ncent, T emi ) 1 e ; Minshull, Liverpool. Edwin Phillips, baker, Shrewsbury, June 17, and July 15, at half -past ten, at the Birmingham Dis trict Court. Val past official assignee, Birmingham; '..4.'4 :ere, Shrewsbury; Reece, Birmingham, Sarah Whitehouse, Edwin Whitehouse, and ~ N .Ifred Whitehouse, tin plate manufacturers, Newland, C4l, ) uces tershire, June 20, at twelve, and July 21, at elev, t. 1, at the Bristol District Court. Hutton, official assi? nee, Bristol; Philpotts, Blackfriars. (Dividends, &c., in our next.) PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price o f B rown or Muscovado Sugar, comp uteri from the returns made in the week ending Juni : 6, 1848, is 255. 2%d. p er cwt. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colon ial office, from the Governor of the Cape of Good 119 IN N ON THE MORAL, SOCIAL, AND PROit'S..l.,.; SIONAL DUTIES OP ATTORNEYS. BY SAMUEL WARREN.'' • Last evening the fouth of a series - of - Lectures,san the Moral, Social, a d Professional' Duties of ee torneys and Solicitors, was delivered esisillq the Law Society, in Chancery-lane, by —we give the name with a respectful simplicity—Samuel Warren. That fourth lecture brought the series to a conclu sion ; and we, who had the gratification of hearing it articulated by the lips of Mr. Warren, may be per mitted to regret that the series was not one of a more protracted character. It was something, we thought, to listen to the author of " Ten Thousand a-Year," of the " Diary of a Physician," and last, and by no means least memorable for its austere beauty, of the dramatic narrative of "Now and Then," in the ca• pacity of a lecturer. And a lecturer, too, upon a theme intimately connected with ',the profession to which the whole of the intellectual energies of Mr. Warren appear to have been directed. We say "the whole of his energies," because whatever reputation- Mr. Warren has acquired in literature he has ac quired by the immediate combination of his legal knowledge with his ingenuity as a novelist, excepting, of course, his first work, the "Diary of a Late Phy sician "—a work which, according to the revelations prefixed to a recent edition, was completed in his ex treme youth, before indeed his professional career could have been seriously commenced. In all his subsequent compositions in general literature--in all those, at least, which have come under our conside ration as critics—the fact has seemed to us to be very conspicuous, that the ambition of the writer has been always, essentially and strictly, a forensic ambition. Look, for example, at the elaborate and even pro found acquaintance with the law displayed in the fiction which recounts the vicissitudes of Charles Aubrey and of Tittlebat Titmouse in refe rence to the acquisition of Yatton. Look again at " Now and Then " a tale which is at once a reverent commentary on the Book of Job, and the rode mecum to a portion of the most interest ing lore of "the courts"—touching at one moment upon the laws relating to the preservation of game, at another upon the penalties inflicted for the crime_of homicide, and incidentally in short upon several of the most remarkable segments in the great circle of criminal jurisprudence. Or look at some of the brief and less pretentious papers contributed by the same writer to Blackwood's Magazine. In every instance the tendency is legal, the tone is legal, the very inspiration is legal. His terse and masterly analysis of the character of Sir *William Follett to wit, or his intricate and bewildering argument, en titled, " Who is the murderer ?" Obvious as these facts are, they nevertheless require some direct enume ration, since the vulgar prejudice is to the effect that a man who writes a story book cannot by possibility be a sound lawyer. And we are induced to insist upon the circumstance of Mr. War ren's devotion to the law, apart from his individual labours as a barrister, or his elementary books as a student in jurisprudence, because were we not con vinced that his whole mind was inflamed with that paramount devotion, we should not dedicate ten mi nutes' attention, or one inch of our columns to the commemoration of the lectures which have just ter minated. Mr. Warren last evening called the law a jealous mistress, and it is precisely because we believe him to have viewed her throughout his career in the light of a jealous mistress that we are induced to no tice his recent enunciations as a lecturer. And, again, it is precisely because many persons cannot comprehend how a lawyer can attain eminence in th e b e l les lettres lawyer can attain eminence in the belaB letlreB Withou t deteriorating his p rofes sional reputati on that we have prefaced our allusions to the lecture of yesterday by main taining that the ability of a novelist and the skill of on n l i a y v y c e h r a n ar o e e o o r t i w n p w a r t i o b t l e e pa E s g r u s i k n i a n c e l e s was not the verses; neither was Si r Thomas More the o u n d ly oneov love who wrote with his whole soul about a mere vision, though no one has ever since written, or ever will write, a second Utopia. Mr. Warren, therefore, has proved himself, to our thinking, to he eminently qualified to instruct others in the difficult and abstruse science to which his attention has been so sedulously directed ; he has proved this not only by the labours of an honourable career, but also in a particular manner by those very works of imagination which, to the superficial observer, constitute only a negation of his professional pretensions. It was, consequently, on this account that we listened, last evening, to his discourse upon the responsibilities devolving upon attorneys and solicitors, with feelings beyond those of mere curiosity. And it is for this reason that we regard the series of lectures of which that discourse formed the conclusion, as entitled in a very express and particular manner to a notice of comment and commemoration. Without giving a minute report of the lecture delivered yesterday in the hall of the Law Society, by Mr. Warren, it would be frivolous to attempt to convey any adequate idea of its charac ter. Our intention is, therefore, restricted within a much narrower compass; we are only solicitous to convey to the minds of those who were not among the auditors some fragmentary notion of the discourse through the medium of a very fragmentary reminis cence. In one of the introductory paragraphs of his final lecture, Mr. Warren eloquently vindicated the profession of the law from that imputation of barrenness which we have already alluded to, and which asserts in the most dogmatic manner imaginable that literary celebrity and the celebrity of the jurisconsult cannot be acquired simultaneously. Nobly and passionately did he fling back this preposterous assertion in the teeth of the accusers, apostrophizing them as " plodding dullards," and reminding them that the il lustrious Hallam was a barrister as well as an historian, that Bishop Warburton toiled at the desk of a soli citor's office before his mind was first entranced by the seductive charms of theology, and that Sharon Turner—the erudite and luminous annalist of Eng land —was, up to the hour of his decease, a practising attorney ! In another portion of his dicourse the lec turer insisted upon the necessity of a lawyer striving perpetually for the acquisition of general or, so to speak, miscellaneous knowledge remembering always the renowned aphorism of Lord Bacon, that " knowledge is power,' and instancing the utility of obtaining information beyond the ordinary require ments of the law by supposing that a philosopher, a Michael Faraday for example, offers himself as a client to some solicitor who is unable to understand a word he says from his profound ignorance upon scien tific matters. In illustration of the supreme respon sibilities which may at any moment devolve upon an attorney, the lecturer recounted the following very beautiful incident :—" A short time ago," said Mr. Warren, " a gentleman of large fortune, a man in fact worth his 40,0001., was indignant with his only child, a daughter, for marrying against his wishes. He quarrelled with her—he disinherited her—he left his whole property of 40,0001. to his attorney, and to two other gentlemen, all of whom were residing in Yorkshire. What did the attorney do? He went to his two co•legatees, got them to resign their respec tive claims over to himself, and then made over every sixpence of the 40,0001. to the daughter and her chil dren ! When I mentioned this circumstance this very morning to a friend of mine, one of the most distinguished men at the bar, he exclaimed, and I doubt not you will coincide in the exclamation, God bless that man !' " . . . Very different was the effect of another anecdote 'given by Mr. Warren in the course of his lecture, when speaking of the necessity for vigilance on ie part of an attorney. "I myself," said he, "have recognised the brother of the defendant acting as a juryman upon a case, and I have been assured, on credible authority, that on one occasion the plaintiff was actually seen sneaking into the jury-box!" The sly humour with which this was uttered, elicited an explosion of laughter. It reminded one of the satirist of the Tagrags and the Gammons. . . The principal merit of the lec ture, however, consisted in the communication of wholesome advice to the young practitioners, respect ing their moral, social, and professional duties. Upon these points Mr. Warren was admirably axiomatic. Among other things he maintained, that " the office of the law was—not to cause litigation—but to pre vent litigation." And he particularly impressed upon his hearers the advisability of a law-student keeping pace with the age in which he lived, so that he might to the full appreciate " the difference between reform and revolution, between reparation and disorganiza tion." Altogether, the lectures of Samuel Warren have proved to be the choicest fruits of his exact and laborious researches in the science of jurisprudence. NEW HISTORICAL WORKS.—We are requested to state that Mr. Colburn has this day published, " the Court and Times of Charles I. ; including Memoirs of the Mission in England of the Capuchin Friars i n th e service of Queen Henrietta Maria, by Father Cyprien de Gamache," edited by the author of " Memoirs of Sophia Dorothea, consort of George I. The Court and Times of James 1.," &c., in 2 vols. Bvo., 2Ss. bound.— Also, just published, "the Court and Ti mes o f J ames 1., illustrated by authentic and confidential letters from public and private manuscript collections," 2 vole. Bvo., 2ss. bound. THE CHARTIST MEETING ON MONDAT.—The Government are determined to use every means in their power to put a stop to these times of excitement, and have given orders for all the troops to assemble again in London by Sunday night, and we hope that this will be the last time the military will have to attend without being called upon to act in a manner which will be the means of putting a death-blow to this lawless set. At the Middlesex Sessions yesterday Thomas Smith, alias " Tiger" Smith, a captain in the 15th Ben gal Native Infantry, was brought up for judgment, he having been convicted of defrauding Mr. Bishop, the gunsmith, and Mr. Almond, army accoutrement maker, of Bond -street, of a 101. note and five sovereigns in cash, for cheques on the Oriental Bank, in which the pri soner had no account. The Learned Sergeant sentenced him to hard labour for four calendar months. t.;;ZI--I ' \ , 1