The Sun. — London, England, 1866-07-19 00:00:00

THE AUSTRIAN ARMY. (From the Special Correspondent of the Timm) HEAD-QUARTERS, OLIIIITZ, July 12. The Feldzeugmeister is in the city getting his army into shape, and working with the inexhaustible energy and spirit which are characteristic of the gal-, lant but not fortunate soldier. Although he is over 60 years of age, there are few men of half his years who could equal General von Benedek in his power of enduring fatigue in the saddle or at the desk, and he spares neither himself nor his staff night or day. But he is now only second in command. He is send ing away vast portions of his army to the new Com mander-in-Chief, Archduke Albrecht, at Vienna, and he will soon be left with only a garrison and a covering army of operations at Olmutz, ready to drop on the Prussian flank and rear, and especially adapted for such a task. It is only right here to correct the impression that Count Henikstein, Count Clam- Gallas, and General Krismanics, &c., were removed after and in consequence of their conduct at the battle of Koniggratz. Count Clam-Gallas was de prived of his command after the action of Jicin, and Count Henikstein and the other staff officers were suspended before the battle of July 3. Gen. Paum gartten, Commander-in-Chief of district of Galicia and Bukovina, arrived in camp the day before the battle to take Count Henilistein's place, but he did not disturb the arrangements of his predecessors. General Krismanics and Count Clam-Gallas have been released from arrest, but the former Chief of the Staff still remains in military confinement. The whole of the staff is to be reorganised—a hard mat ter to accomplish in the face of an enemy, as we know—and there will be attempts made to cure de fects in administration and in the army itself which recent events have revealed very largely. The Aus trian army had been for some time on a peace foot ing, the establishments were much reduced when the war broke out, and the sudden effort to assume the proportions suited to such a contest has strained and twisted the machinery of all the establishments very severely. To find oneself in Olmutz in a defensive position, while accounts come in on all sides of Prussians here, there, and everywhere, is rather startling to one who left Vienna with the idea that he was about to witness a grand invasion of Silesia, or, at all events, a successful resistance to the enemy's attempt to in vade Bohemia amid the passes of the Giant Moun tains. Such, however, is the hard l ogic of accomplished facts. When Benedek moved from Olmutz to Joseph stadt he intended to invade Silesia and march upon Berlin. The question yet to be determined is whether he could have set out sooner, and whether, if he could, the delay was attributable to himself or to others more timid and hesitating. It will pro bably be found that his army was not ready for an extensive campaign, even when Benedek resolved to march northwards, and that he was exceedingly anxious to assume the offensive before he actually began to move his columns. His army was in full march northwards for the frontier when the last of his divisions was suddenly attacked on its right • ,flank—so suddenly that the action was described as a surprise. Instead of forcing the passes and pouring his army into Silesia, Benedek found the passes forced and in the hands of the enemy, and Bohemia already flooded with their troops. Whose fault was it that these passes were left so lightly guarded at all? Your military correspondent with the Prussian army has enabled your readers to judge of the diffi culties an enemy who sought to penetrate these de files would have had to meet if the Austrians had occupied them in force and defended them with skill and resolution. But the Prussians had fairly de bouched before the Austrians had come up with their main bodies to arrest their progress. They were on the heights above—the Austrians in the lower ground. Then the needle-gun began to make itself felt, and the wounded men brought to the rear, in passing through the lines of the army, spread won derful tales of the terrible weapon which multiplied the enemy fivefold, and swept away battalion and squadron before they could cross bayonet or ply sabre with the Prussians. The day of Skalitz was most mortifying and astonishing. It showed the Prussians were in force, and that their hold was not to be shaken off without a tremendous effort. This effort Benedek determined to make, and it certainly was to no fault of his disposition that the defeat at Jicin can be attributed. That defeat disconcerted his scheme, for he could not move against the Prussian army in front of him, while another powerful army was advancing on his flank and rear. So he fell back upon Koniggratz, and there accepted the memor able battle which will be famous in the world as long as history lives. It cannot be asserted that his ge neral idea in his order of battle was defective. His position was well chosen. The reserves were too closer) , packed, perhaps, and as the disposition of the Austrian army was almost semi -circular, with the wings thrown back towards the Elbe, and the centre projecting beyond Kinn], with a bend towards Sadowa and Nechanitz, it followed that when the Prussians forced back the wings they got a converging and even a cross fire on the narrow space where the second line and reserves were cooped up in rear of the centre, and from higher ground pressed on them to rout and destruction. Then, as there was no position at Brunn in which an army could :take its stand to resist a victorious enemy, Benedek turned to the east as he retreated, and drew up at Olmutz, whence he had started little more than a fortnight before. The Prussians did not attempt to molest the retreat of his main body, but made straight for Pardubitz and Prague, and then pro ceeded to push their main column into Moravia, and to occupy Brunn preparatory to their great move ment against Vienna. The city of Olmutz is surrounded by regular for tifications, to which the skill of the engineer officer, Colonel von Scholl, has given increased strength. which is augmented every day. It is situated on low grounds, watered by the sluggish course of the March, and although there are high hills on one side of it they scarcely come near enough to afford bases for a bombardment or commanding fire on the place. The fortified city, however, is a mere centre or citadel for a system of forts, which hem it completely in, crossing their fire on all the ap proaches, and rendering it absolutely necessary for an enemy to silence them from regular batteries before he can approach the proper enciente. These forts are generally constructed of a strong masonry, and are for the most part casemated works, with earthworks outside. They are said to number no less than 30 great and small, and, probably, there may be more, but I should think the former estimate exaggerated. An army if it could be fed might lie securely within their embrace. But it would not be safe to leave Olmutz without a garrison of at least one corps d'armee and with such a force the position would prove of immense importance as it hangs on the rear of the Prussian communications with Silesia, and connects Austria still with Bohemia through her hold on Koniggratz and Josepbstadt. As the Prussians ad vance they must mask these fortified forts as well as Thereseinstadt. They must leave garrisons at Prague, at Brunn and similar places. It is true that the Austrians must diminish their army to put men into their works guard them, but the drain of the Prussi ans is far t ;eater, even though they are more numerous, and the moral and military effects of holding these post s i n a country otherwise over run by the enemy i s very g r eat, bleedingeat, and all i n f avour o f Austria, who need s , poor all a t s h k e help she can receive, b u t is net yet reduced soul, o mercy from her foe. It would be exceedingly reprehensible to say one word about the defences of Vienna. We all k now that there is the Danube, and it may readily be i mag ined that the Austrians are not going to aban don their capital without a fight for it. The England have come con clusionto which so many people in come that the war is over is certainly very hasty and ill-founded, so far as Austria is concerned. The "seven days' war" is a pretty antithetical phrase, but it is nothing more. The resources of the State in men are not sapped ; and although the army has lost much of its confidence it has not lost any of its courage. Already the vanguard of the army of Italy—the advance of some 60,000 of the flower of the Austrian army, all Germans and Hungarians — has reached Salzburg; and Benedek has sent down day after day reinforcements to the army which now lies around Vienna till it represents a great force, the outposts of which extend far in front of the city, and are engaged in resisting the advance of the enemy. The soldiers of the Northfrn Army, reinforced by the 60,000 veterans, present an im- posing front, and the effect produced by the needle gun is actually waning before the analysis of its influence. It appears to wound and not to kill—. that is, in other words, the projectile is so small that the injury it inflicts is not at all equal to that done by the Austrian bullet, unless it penetrates the brain, the heart, or some vital place. It skims by a bone without breaking it, and thousands of men —literally thousands of men put horsde combat—are now going about almost fit for service. The num ber of wounded is out of all proportion to the num ber killed, and in that respect the weapon is almost superior, or inferior, to old Brown Bess, with which the usual ratio of the former to the latter was five to one. The rifle made it three to one. In some encounters the Austrians have had six wounded to every one man killed. No doubt it is very embarrassing to a general to have hospitals full of wounded, and it is weakening to an army to have its ranks thinned by wounds as well as by men falling out to take the wounded to the rear ; but those who recover from slight wounds are mostly full of fight, and come back anxious to meet the enemy. It is better to have long trains of wounded who are only lost for the time than graves full of men who are lost for ever. The three army corps marching on Vienna from the south will also give 20,000 soldiers, not quite so good as the vete rans who conquered at Custozza, and the army in front of the city and in the field is now, and for the first time, numerically greater than the Prussian Grand Army, if it be reduced, as we suppose it to be, by the necessity of its position in keeping open its communications and in occupying the places which have fallen into its hands. Of eration of the Bank Act. DEPUTATION TO THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER. A deputation, consisting of the Lord Provost of Glasgow, and the following membersof the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Stephen Mason, Mr. Henry Dunlop, Mr. W. Kidston, Mr. Geo. Craw ford, and Mr. Jas. S. Fleming, waited upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday,,at his offi cial residence in Downing-street, for the purpose of supporting the prayer of a memorial previously pre sented that an inquiry by Royal Commission should take place into the working of the Bank Act. The following gentlemen accompanied the depu tation :—Mr. Dalglish, M.P., Mr. Graham, M.P., Mr. Akroyd, M.P., Mr. Bazley, M.P., Mr. Beecroft, Mr. Robertson, Mr. Smollett, M.P., Mr. Crum- Ewing, M.P., Mr. Merry, M.P., Mr. Fildes, M.P., Mr. Lamont, M.P., and Mr. Kinnaird, M.P. Mr. DALGLISH having introduced the deputation, The LORD PROVOST of GLASGOW, addressing the Chancellor of the Exchequer, said that they did not intend to press any particular view upon his atten tion as to the working of the Bank Act. The mer cantile community which they represented simply desired to urge upon the Government the desirable. ness of speedy inquiry into the subject. Mr. HENRY DUNLOP said the Chamber of Com merce of Glasgow were unanimous upon the point that an investigation, such as that asked for, was needed. They were of opinion with Adam Smith that banking should be free, and that a banker should be allowed to conduct his business on the same principles that a merchant conducted his. A mistaken opinion prevailed, that if banking was per fectly free the nation would be inundated with bank notes. Nothing could be more absurd than that opinion. A banker should make provision for the notes he issued in like manner as a merchant did. If he issued £lOO,OOO to-day,he should be prepared to meet them to-morrow. The issue would be re gulated by the demand of the public and the trade of the country. Bankers in Scotland conducted their business upon a large capital, and therefore upon a ground of safety to themselves and the public. It was not the same in England. What was wanted was strong bankers. The law at present made them weak. Where Scotch bankers had two millions of paid-up capital, English bankers should have ten millions—but instead of that they had perhaps only £500,000 paid-up capital, and they divided very large profits, while bankers who conducted their business on a sound principle—a principle of per fect safety—did not go beyond a small dividend. Legislation, instead of doing good, had done a great deal of harm by establishing a vast monopoly. The consequence was, that when the crisis came the English banks had no capital to meet it. In order to maintain a system of monopoly they had a sys tem of weak banks. Let the banks be free. Let them mind their own affairs, and a result would be brought about which legislation could not accom plish. The Scotch bankers and mercantile commu, nity were anxious that there should be an inquiry into the present system, and that they should be fairly represented. They looked upon it as a ques tion in which the mercantile as well as the banking interest was involved, and that each interest should be represented. Mr. BAILEY, M.P., expressed his belief that if an independent commission of inquiry took evidence in every part of the country—in Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool, Leeds, and elsewhere, as well as in London—an accumulation of facts would be secured by her Majesty's Government upon which a beneficial change might be effected in the banking legislation of the country. He need only refer to the state in which banking was at the pre sent time. They all knew that there had been a rapid absorption of floating capital which had been placed in fixed positions, and which might be said to be almost irremovable. He had heard criticisms upon his (the Chancellor of the Exchequer's) re marks upon the subject in Buckinghamshire, but upon the whole he concurred in them. They had been, he believed, spreading out their borders too far and too wide. The subject was a large and dif ficult one, and he would not say more in reference to it, than that an act which required to be sus pended continuously could not be regarded as sound or satisfactory. (Hear, hear.) Mr. AKROYD, M.P., said that the institution of the inquiry which was now sought would give great satisfaction to the commercial interest of the coun try. For the last two months the Bank rate had been 10 per cent, while in France the rate had been 4 per cent.—a difference of 150 per cent. as between the two countries. Now the rate of money mate rially affected the cost of production, and conse quently the ability of the English manufacturer to meet the foreign competitor in neutral markets.] In this country, too, labour was at a higher rate than across the Channel, and to this was added the fact that money was 150 per cent. dearer. The Bank of England relied with great confidence upon the likelihood of the high rate of discount bringing a flow of gold into this country, but that expectation had been altogether disappointed. Only last week a sum of £200,000 went over to France. How could they account for the fact of that sum going from a country in which money was p l e o r per cent. rt. T t h o er a e w co as unt e r v y a id i ent w ly hic s h om i e t w ca a u s se 4 at work other than the rate of discount. In e fact, there adoptedtherewas by strong feeling that the the Bank of England to str fi en d gth ee en in eu thei :b p a o n si k t i i eg position had a contrary effect, and confidence system has been shaken at home and r sahbrreowadd.ly The gentlemen from Glasgow had v sug gested that the inquiry should be an open one. If the commissioners sat in London only, they might imbibe London banking notions, and he therefore thought with them that evidence should be taken in Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, and elsewhere. The Imperial Government had found it necessary, notwithstanding the favour able position in which France stood, to institute an inquiry and issue a number of questions upon the several banking systems. That commission had not yet reported ; but if an inquiry were necessary in a cmoultrymoinre which necessary the was ra it in one rate was 4pe in which theercent.,how rate was 10 per cent. ? Tahbeooinvbestitghaetimonercnaonw sought would b e considered - tile community, an d would show a dnispyosition on the part of the Government to inquire into the disad vantage under which commerce laboured. QUER—Is it y our The CHANCELLOR of th e EXCHE opinion that by legislation you can procure the same rate of interest in London and in Paris ? Mr. ACKROYD—Assuming that the difference arose from restrictions which could be removed by legisla tion, a great disparity which now exists could at all events be avoided. A bill was now looked upon with suspicion, and the currency of the country was re duced very much to bank notes, of which the issue was left to one bank. Bankers invested in Consols, which became their capital. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—IS it your opinion that Consols are capital? Mr. ACKROYD—Yes, convertible generally, only inconvertible at a time like the present. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—I look upon them as an annuity. Mr. ACKROYD—Bankers can sell them, and thus convert them into capital. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—They get for them the market price of the annuities, what ever that may be, and that, of course, depends upon circumstances. Mr. DALGLISII, M.P., said he did not exactly re present all the views entertained by the deputation. The Bank Act had failed three times, and should therefore be regarded as an unsatisfactory measure. Upon that ground, and that ground alone, he sup ported the appeal for an inquiry. He did not think that any bill that could be framed would have the effect which some gentlemen expected would result from legislation on this subject. No man could be compelled to sell gold he possessed when gold was required, at a lower price than the highest he could get for it. Mr. GRAHAM, M.P., said that representing Glas gow he had accompanied the deputation, without, however, wishing to commit himself to their opinion, in which he did not altogether concur. At the same time he agreed with them as to the desirability of the inquiry for which they asked. In almost every part of the country there was a feeling amongst the mercantile community that whatever was the true principle on this subject—either the present under the Bank Act, or free trade in banking—there was something in the machinery not working smoothly and effectively. (Hear, hear.) There was a wide-spread opinion that the present system favoured the monied interest rather than the mer cantile. On that ground he thought it desirable, for the satisfaction of the mercantile mind of the country, that there should be an inquiry. An in quiry which would be held not only in London— which to some extent represented capital—but in Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpooly and Birmingham, would give general satisfaction to the country— even to those who upheld, as to some extent he did, the Bank ACt. Mr. Crum-Ewing, M.P., Mr. Kinnaird, M.P., and Mr. Kidston also supported the application for a royal commission to inquire into the operation of the act. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—Gentle men,—I have listened with very great attention and interest to your remarks. It is always a great satis faction to me to meet gentlemen of such experience in matters relating to commerce and banking, and I shall be always happy to receive you. It appears to me, as doubtless it does to you also, that there could not have been this great desire to investigate the principle upon which our banking system should be r conducted were it not for the present state of the monetary market. I confess I think it was very wise in you to limit your representation generally to the advisability of investigation, because discus sions of an interlocutory character upon the ques tion of currency are interminable—(a laugh)—are deficient in precision, and are not satisfactory. If I allude to the question without dwelling upon it, it is only because I do not wish you to think me wanting in courtesy to any member of the deputa tion. What I think we are suffering from is not so much a want of currency as a want of capital. I do not think there is any banking arrange ments that could relieve us from the embar rassments we are now daily experiencing: Pos sibly some mitigation might have been found in a Bank Act framed differently from the present. I do not give any opinion upon that. It is not neces sary that I should now do so, but the mitigation would I fear, have been of no gcteat amount. The evils that we must all acknowledge to exist—the embar rassments that most of us feel—arise from deeper causes than mere banking arrangements. With re. gard to an investigation into the principles of bank ing and the action of the Bank Act, without giving -an opinion at the present moment as to whether it is expedient we should have such an inves Ligation, I would just observe that there would be no inability, whether it be by Royal Commission or by Parlia mentary committee, to obtain the opinions of local authorities and gentlemen connected with the great emporiums of banking and commerce in this country. Because, although no doubt a travelling commis sion might investigate the question at Glasgow, Liverpool, and Manchester, still at the same time, when there have been investigations on kindred sub jects by commitees of the House of Commons, we have been favoured with the presence of the highest authorities from those great centres of industry. I remember myself that at the investigation which took place in the year 1854, and which lasted three months, we had gentlemen from Liverpool and Glasgow called by the representatives of both opinions —both schools of banking and currency. We had the advantage of their information and views, and I do not see myself that we should obtain by a Royal Commission moving about more authen- Ac or more valuable information than we should ob tain under the circumstances to which I have re- ferred. Irrespective of that, you know the means of locomotion are now more easy than they were twelve years ago, although they were then tolerably easy. Ido not conceive that any very great benefit would be obtained by a roving commission, should we decide upon the expediency of an inquiry. There is no doubt that a Royal Commission would be able at once to enter upon the investigation, and that a committee of either House of Parliament would not. (Hear, hear.) That is a fact that should not be lost sight of by us. Practically it is an important con sideration. I do not think that by moving about the country we should obtain any additional advantage. With respect to the general subject, Mr. Baxley is aware that it is in a day or two to be brought under the notice of the House of Commons. Mr. KINNAIRD—On Friday next, by Mr. Watkin. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—We shall then be able to enter into the large question involved in the question. I shall say no more at present than that I shall give the whole matter my earnest consi deration, and bring it before my colleagues, and I shall be happy if our decision is one that will be at tended with public advantage. I need scarcely say that it is a subject of great difficulty, as it is one also of great importance. I never was myself a be liever in the doctrine of over issues. That question has been very well settled by a Scotchman, Mr. Ful lerton, who was a very considerable authority on the subject, and whose work is an admirable one. With regard to the main point, as to the banking system and the effect of the law upon the present state of affairs, I do not wish my opinion, small as the value of that opinion may be, to be regarded as an authority for this proposition," that a change in our banking sy stem couldrelieve the embarrassments we are experiencing at the present moment. I be lieve that the causes of those embarrassments are deeper and more extensive than is generally sup posed, and that, as 1 before observed, it is want of capital and not want of currency we are suffering from. At the same time, I must admit that nothing is more legitimate than the wish expressed that the present system should be inquired into. I give no opinion upon the general question. If I did I should go into a large discussion which would weary you and lead to no practical result. It will be discussed in Parliament. There we shall be able to give our opinion ; and I hope, and have no doubt, that the house will decide according to the merits of the question to be considered. The deputation thenrretitrhee te retired, having it t w han h ke w d h t i h ch e right hon. gentlemanfo they had been received. The report of the directors of the Bank of Egypt for the past six months ended June 30 states that, including a balance of £4,950 brought forward, the net profits amount to £21,871, which enables them to continue the usual dividend at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum, and to carry forward £9,371. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 19, 1866. Archaeological Institute. The annual meeting of the Archaeological Insti tute of Great Britain and Ireland is held this year in London, under the honorary presidency of the Prince of Wales ; the Marquis Camden being the ordinary president of the institute. The inaugural meeting took place on Tuesday in the Guildhall at noon, and a large assemblage of ladies and gentle men were gathered together on the occasion. On the platform were the Lord Mayor, the Marquis Camden, the Bishop of Oxford, Lord Talbot de Malahide, Sir John Boileau, Bart., Sir John Lub bock, Mr. Beresford-Hope, M.P., Mr. Tite, M.P., &c., &c. The LORD MAYOR offered the members of the institute a hearty welcome to the City of London. He said that this society had been in existence 21 years, and, having attained. its majority, it had re turned like a penitent to its parent city. He alluded to the appropriateness of that ancient hall as a place of meeting for an institute consisting of men dis tinguished in art, science, literature, and learning, and he concluded by again welcoming them in the name of the corporation and citizens of London. The Marquis CAMDEN, as president of the insti tute, thanked the Lord Mayor for the cordial wel come he had given them, and expressed his regret that the Prince of Wales was prevented by other engagements from being present, as had been hoped. The institute, he said, having during the last 21 years visited many of the ancient cities in the king dom, had at last, as the Lord Mayor had expressed it, come to their parent city to hold their annual congress, and he had no doubt they would feel much interest in visiting some of the many churches, the Tower, and the cathedrals of the City of London. Lord TALBOT DE MALAHIDE said it was always a subject of great interest to him to attend the meet ings of the institute, and he derived peculiar plea sure from attending it on that occasion. Though they saw around them in that great city the efforts of science and industry and progress in active ope ration, they saw also the memorials of former times still remaining, and he hoped they would long con tinue to be preserved. The magnificent hall wherein they were assembled was one of those memorials of past ages which commanded reverence and excited interest, but it was to be apprehended that in the course of modern improvements the beauties of our ancient cities would be destroyed. Paris was an example of the progress of modern improvements which he should be sorry to see followed in this country. Though there could be no doubt that the' appearance of Paris had been greatly improved, it was gradually losing all its objects of interest, and was becoming more like the new cities on the other side of the Atlantic. He hoped that the alterations made in the architecture of Lon don would be guided by the principles of taste ; and he trusted that such a bridge as had been constructed across Ludgate-hill would never again be permitted. In conclusion he alluded to the successful efforts that had been made by the Middlesex Archaeological Society to preserve the antiquities ot London. - Mr. TITE, M.P., made some remarks on the uses of archaeology, of which that hall was an instance. Sir Christopher Wren, who had no appreciation of Gothic architecture, had put a flat ceiling on it, but now the citizens have restored it to its proper state, and he attributed that improvement to the efforts of the archaeologists. They would also see in the course of the afternoon other efforts of the archmo- logists, in the painstaking manner in which the beauties of the church of St. Bartholomew, in Smith field, were being rest ore d, an d th e c h urc h o f St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. Mr. Tite alluded to the annual Spital sermon as being now the only indica tion of that ancient charity, which had been alto gether swept away. Mr. BERESFORD-ROPE, M.P., said that it was not until after long deliberation that it had been decided to hold the congress of the institute this year in London ; but he considered it was their duty, having attained the age of manhood, to come there to see what could be done towards preserving the great antiquities which London contains, and not to defer that duty until a period when the institute itself might be tottering with age. Some apprehension had been entertained as to holding their congress in London, but that day had dissipated all fears of the result. In that great and ancient hall, restored to its original grandeur, in the presence of Gog and Magog, they had been heartily welcomed by the Lord Mayor, surrounded with all the attributes of civic dignity. Mr. 13eresford-Hope then proceeded to state what would be the course of proceedings during the week. The Bishop of OXFORD, after thanking the Lord Mayor for having given the institute the use of the Guildhall, observed that in a great old city like Lon don archaeologists would be sure to find numerous objects of interest. The work of renovation and improvement was indeed going on with great rapidity, but in some respects it did not progress quite so rapidly as it ought. On coming to the meeting he, for instance, was three-quarters of an hour in getting from Waterloo-place to Guildhall in consequence of one of the streets having been blocked by one "wretched" cart loaded with timber which kept omnibuses, carriages, and all other vehicles from passing along. That great city, he said, con tained many remarkably interesting records of an tiquity in out-of-the-way places, and they might be found if searched for with perseverance. His lord ship mentioned a discovery he had himself made in London connected with natural history, which was a branch of science he cultivated with much interest. He had been very anxious to possess a specimen of the old English black rat, which it was supposed had become extinct, having been eaten up by the Hanovarian rats that invaded thi s country. On hearing that some very old hous es i n one part of rat h Londone w were - as i being pulled dow n , h e t h ought that the quest of mi g ht b e found there. He consequently tried to secure one, and he be came happy in the possession of a specimen. Lon don, he said, was the place of all novelties and the preserver of all antiquities. The Lord Mayor being obliged by another en gagement to vacate the chair, the Bishop of Oxford proposed the thanks of the institute to him and the corporation, to which he briefly responded. The Marquis Camden then took the chair, and the Rev. E. Hill explained more in detail than had been done by Mr. Beresford-Hope the arrange ments for the congress. He stated that to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock Sir John Lubbock, as presi dent of the section of primaeval antiquities, would deliver an opening address, in the Museum of Geology, in Jermyn-street, and that at 11 o'clock the Dean of Westminster, as president of the section of history, would deliver an address at the Royal Institute, in Albemarle-street. In the afternoon there is an excursion to Waltham Abbey, and a meeting at the Royal institute in the evening. The meeting then separated, and a large portion of the company immedi a t e ly afterwards visited the crypt of the Guildhall and the library. In the latter there were exhibited many ancient charters and grants connected with the Corporation of London, and numerous specimens of antiquities, principally Roman, which had been discovered during excava tions in various parts of the City.. Among the ob jects of archaeological interest there was enclosed under a glass case, as a mem orial of times that are past, a large and well-executed model of a royal mail-coach. In the course of the afternoon the members visited St. Bartholomew's Church, in Smithfield, which is in the course of restoration. The architecture of the church was described by Mr. Tite. It was built in pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the time of Henry I. b y R a here, the King's jester, who, on returning fr om a eimage had a dream that h e was a b ou t to be plunged into the bottomless pit, when he was rescued by St. Bartholomew, and when he arrived in England he determined to build the hospital and church of St. Bartholomew in honour of the saint. The want of archaeological societies in former times to preserve ancient buildings from desecration is very conspi- cuous in this church, where part of the original apse has been appropriated to a fringe manufactory, which still prevents the restoration of that part of the building. From Smithfield the company pro ceeded to the church of St. Helen's, in Bishopsgate- street, which was built 1; 1430. The peculiarity of the construction of this church is that it has two naves, one of which was intended for nuns, the other for monks. The church contains many remarkable tombs, among which is that of Sir Thomas Gresham and of Francis Bancroft, who built the almshouses at Mile-end. Mr. Wardmore described the struc ture and the monuments. Crosby Hall was next visited under the guidance of Mr. Parker. To conclude the proceedings of the day there was a soiree at the deanery of Westminster, where Dean Stanley entertained upwards of 200 members and visitors of the institute, the larger proportion of whom were ladies. All the sitting rooms of the deanery were thrown open to the visitors, who were also permitted to walk on the leads over the clois ters, and on the top of the residence, from which positions remarkably fine views of the abbey in sombre twilight were obtained. In the library there were displayed several curious and interesting char ters of early dates, indulgences, and grants, and an old highly illuminated volume of Roman Catholic " offices." The rich and massive plate of the abbey was also exhibited. Refreshments were provided in the dining-room, and later in the evening the col lege hall was thrown open, and many glees were sung by the choristers, the dean having done every thing in his power to make the evening pass agree ably. Railway and Other Companies. TENDRING HUNDRED. On Tuesday Capt. Tyler, R.E., inspected the ex tension of this company's line between Weeley and Kirby-cross, to which latter place it is proposed to commence traffic on the Ist of next month. GRAND TRUNK OF CANADA. The traffic receipts on this company's lines for the week ending the 30th June amounted for local pas sengers to £6,601; for foreign passengers, to £2,747 ; for emigrants, to £5lB ; for mails, &c., to £1,192 ; for local freight and live stock, to £11,684 ; and for foreign freight and live stock, to £1,883 total, £24,625, against £23,901 for the correspond ing week last year, showing an increase of £724. The total receipts from the Ist of Jan. to the above date amounted to £633,422, and for the same period of last year to £628,233, shoiving an increase of £5,189. CAPE TOWN. The traffic returns on this company's line, 63 miles open, amounted for the month of May to £2,230 for the conveyance of 29,601 passengers, and to £1,347 for the carriage of 2,441 tons of goods--total, £3,577. The total receipts for the month of May, 1865, amounted to £3,401, showing an increase of £176. RAILWAY BILLS. In Room C, House of Lords, yesterday, the fol lowing bills were heard and adjourned :—The North British (Wnishaw, &c., Branches), the Bo'ness and Grangemouth, and the North British (Tayßridge). In Room A, the Caledonian and Scottish North Eastern, and the Caledonian (Lanarkshire branches), were heard and adjourned. In the Painted Chamber, the case of the London, Chatham, and Dover, and South Eastern (London, Lewes, and Brighton) Bill was opened and ad journed. In Room 1, house of Commons, the Pembroke and Tenby, the Northampton and Banbury Junc tion, and the Barry (Extension) Bills were heard and adjourned. In room 2 the Midland (Ashby and Nuneaton), the flalesowen and Bromsgrove, and the Vale of Neath (Transfer) Bills were heard and adjourned. HOP AND MALT EXCHANGE. A special meeting of this company was held yes terday at the Bridge-house Hotel, Southwark, to receive the report of the committee of investigation —Mr. D. Ogilvy in the chair. Mr. CONYBEARE, the chairman of the committee, submitted a report exonerating the directors from all blame, approving the policy of the board in all its main points, and recommending that the under taking be proceeded with es rapidly as possible, so as to get that portion of the building containing the Exchange completed by October next, in time for the coming hop season. The CHAIRMAN, on behalf of the directors, thanked the committee for having so clearly exonerated the board, after a searching investigation. On the motion of Mr. CONIi;EARE, the meeting was adjourned to Aug. 21, to receive a supplemen tal report on the cost of the Exchange. MANCHESTER AND COUNTY BANK (LIMITED) The report of the directors states that the net profit for the half-year ending June 30, including £1,007, the balance from the preceding half-year, amounted to £52,529, out of which they proposed to pay a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent, per annum, free of income tax, on the paid-up capital (£598,395), to add £20,000 to the reserve fund, thus making it £60,000, to lay aside £5,000 as a contingent fund for bad debts, and to carry forward £3,149 to profit and loss accounts. Some of the Romances of Reporting. -s-- A clever anecdotal contributor to the Carlisle Journal—writing in its columns under the signa ture of " Crayon"—has the following in his last con tribution : " I have pursued my calling of a reporter"--said Mr. Charles Dickens at the dinner of the News paper Press Fund last year—" under circumstances of which many of my brethren at home in England here, many of my modern successors, can form no adequate conception. I have often transcribed for the printer from my shorthand notes important public speeches in which the strictest accuracy was required, and a mistake in which would have been to a young man severely compromising, writing on the palm of my hand by the light of a dark lantern, in a post-chaise and four, galloping through a wild country at the then surprising rate of 15 miles an hour." The modern reporter has often in emer gencies to transcribe his notes in the rolling and tossing, and jolting and thumping of a railway train; and the provincial reporter is not without his experiences of the post-chaise kind of which Mr. Dickens speaks. Rarely, however, do circumstances now-a-days render " expressing" in this style neces sary. Some 30 years ago great feats were accom plished by some of the expresses of the Metropolitan journals. For example, in January, 1837, when Sir Robert Peel made an important speech at the ban quet in Glasgow, reporters were despatched thither by the principal London papers ; and there being in those days no telegraph wires along which the mo mentous words would be flashed almost as soon as they were uttered—no railway along which the "spe cial engine" (another of the resources of the modern newspaper office) could be sent, a system of " ex presses" was arranged. Of these the " express" of I The Sun newspaper did the greatest wonders—ac complishing the distance of over 400 miles in 25 hours. The plan of operations was this. The reporters having transcribed their notes in Glasgow packed them in a travelling case, which was flung upon the shoulders of a " light-weight " rider, mounted on a good horse, who dashed off southwards at a rattling' pace. At the end of every 6or 9 miles the bag was transferred to the shoulders of a fresh rider mounted on a fresh horse, and thus the despatch sped rapidly on its way. Upon the occasion referred to, it is chronicled that The Sun " express" arrived at Carlisle at 4 o'clock on Saturday morning, " having been brought by that primest of equestrians, Ned Steven son, upon a pony belonging to Mr. Teesdale, of the Black Bull Inn, from Gretna—nine miles in 25 minutes ! The couriers to Penrith performed their 18 miles in an hour and 10 minutes ; and London was reached about 1 o'clock on Sunday morning. The Morning Herald did a very "sharp trick" on that occasion. Three pages of the paper wereprinted off in London, and sent down to Kendal, where the Herald's staff of reporters arrived with their report of Sir Robert's speech on Saturday, and the Herald was completed and issued on the following day— thus forestalling the ether London papers in the northern towns. Great mystery was for some time maintained as to how the Herald could reach Carlisle on the Sunday night with a report of a speech which took place on Friday ; but at length the secret of the Kendal arrangement oozed out. It was said at the time that these expenses cost each paper about £3OO. Now-a-days the speech could have been telegraphed the same night of delivery for as many SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS TIMES.--The order of the day published on Satur day last by the Archduke Albert, on his taking leave of the army of the South, explains to us the present military position of Austria in Venetia. " Sufficient forces," we are told, " are left behind to guard the fortresses of the country, and protect, in concert with the faithful and brave population, the strong holds of the Tyrol, o f I nner Austria, and the coast." From this moment it is evident that what is called " la grande guerre" is at an end in Italy, and that room is only left for sieges and for the desultory operations :of petty warfare. Indeed, it may be questioned whether there ever was or could be any thing like actual war in that country. Had the Austrians listened to the real exigencies of their position, and not insisted on satisfying a false point of honour, the bloodshed of Custozza might have been spared, and they could have mus tered half-a-dozen more of their best divi sions on the disastrous field of Sadowa. The encounter at Custozza does not deserve the name of a battle. That the Italians could lose it is very clear, and we require no better evidence than the fact itself, but no one can say how they could by any chance have won it, for their enemy fought almost within reach of the guns of his for tresses, and had he been at all overpowered he had at hand in his rear the means of a safe retreat which need never degenerate into rout and disorder. That attempt of the Italians upon the lines between Peschiera and Verona was a stroke of sheer madness at the best. Had it even attained the fullest suc cess, had it put them in possession of the assailed positions, it would not have advanced them in the least. Charles Albert, in 1848, gained all those heights at the outset of his campaign. He had his head-quarters at Somma Campagna for weeks and months ; he occupied Pastrengo, Rivoli, and at last Peschiera itself ; but he was no less doomed to a long inaction before Verona, which wore out the Piedmontese army, and gave Radetzky leisure to mature those plans which led to its final overthrow on that very same battlefield of Custozza. Knowing how fatal it is to the morale of an army to be led into a blind alley where advance is impossible, we had given credit to La Marmora for a more plausible scheme of campaign ; we expected the Italian in vasion of Venetia to be made from the south across the Po, precisely on the line of attack now pursued by Cialdini. ,The Italian Government, owing chiefly, as we are told, to La Marmora's influence, have deemed it expedient to follow, with respect to the press, a policy different altogether from that adopted by Austria and Prussia, so that the operations of the belligerents on the Po and the Mincio have been from the outset, and are still, involved in impenetrable mystery ; and we are unable to present our readers with such accounts of the campaign on the south of the Alps as our correspondents serving with both of the Northern belligerents have laid before them. All we know is that Cialdini, at the head of 15 Divisions, fol lowed by La Marmora with six more Divisions, has advanced unresisted across the Po, byway of Rovigo and Monselice ' has gained possession of P a d ua and. Vicenza, and driven the Austrians before him up to the outworks of the fortress of Verona on his left, and of Mestre on his right. However admir able his order of march may have been, and however satisfactory his progress thus far, it is obvious that the Italians are no nearer the attainment of their great object, which was to come up with a visible and tangible enemy. They must have known from the opening of the campaign that against the stone walls of Verona or the water-girt bastions of Mantua and Venice mere numbers could make no impression. Venetia is no more to be won by hard fighting now that it has only garrisons to rely on than it was when it had an army in the open field. When it was thought that Cialdini was bent on un dertaking the siege of Mestre and Malghera, so as to enable him to strike a blow for Venice, it was expected that he could always rely on the co-opera tion of the fleet under Persano; but, strange to say, we have no news of Persano and his fleet. That fleet, with so many thousand men and so many thousand guns, with so goodly an array of ironclads, rams, and monitors, under the orders of as dashing a commander as ever trod a quarter-deck, with such high-spirited officers as Albini, Galli della Mantica, Vacca, and others—that fleet, after weeks of in glorious leisure at Ancona, has now been cruising between Venice and Trieste for eleven days, as helpless, to all appearance, on the waters as it was when at anchor: The disgust and discouragement of the Italians at this inexplicable conduct of their admiral exceed all bounds. We have no doubt Persano will have the means eventually of giving the most satisfactory explanations ; but, in the meanwhile, the fleet is not before Venice, and while nothing is done by sea Cialdini is not likely to venture on any unsustained attack on the land side. As to Venetia itself, indeed, the question seems to have been satisfactorily settled by Prussia's victories and Austria's necessity ; but it is otherwise with the Italian Tyrol, which the Italians will never obtain by treaty, we will not say from the Austrians, but not even from the Prussians, unless they establish upon it the right of possession before an armistice put an end to further progress. The claims of the Italians on Trento and Roveredo rest on the same ground as those on Mantua, Ve rona, or Venice ; their eagerness to extend their sway over the valley of the Adige is easily explained on the score of their nationality and of their anxiety as to the future boundaries of their States. Southern Tyrol, unlike the Quadrilateral or the Lagunes, is to be won by fighting; but it can only be won by hard fighting, and the efforts of the Volunteers to force their way across the Tonale or the Stelvio, or up the valley of the Chiese, above Rocco d'Anfo, have not only attained no permanent success, but have led to frequent disasters. As late as Tuesday last the Garibaldians suffered a double repulse at Condino, and left se vera l d ead and wounded, with several hundred prisoners, in the enemy's hands. The struggle, indeed, is hardly equal, even in that mountain warfare ; for Austria, apprehensive of an attack, has prepared all the necessary means for a strenuous defence. These mountain fastnesses, al ready so strong by nature, are bristling with lofty fortresses. The mountaineers of the German Tyrol, of Styria and Carinthia, have been plied with all the arguments that never fail to tell on their loyalty and bigotry. The whole Alpine region is up in arms, and with the exception of his few Genoese and Lom bard carabineers, his veterans of Rome or Varese, and the mountaineers of Valtellina, Garibaldi has none to oppose to these sturdy Jagers and their un erring rifles but the puny youth from the Italian towns, accustomed to the enervating habits of their cafe life, and for the most part utterly unacquainted with the use of their weapons, That war on the Alps is the most sublime game in which men of spirit would wish to engage —a war waged in the midst of magnificent scenery, under the influ ence of keen, exhilarating air, giving rise to all the stirring incidents of deer stalking and chamois hunt ing, with the additional excitement that your game is man, that you are chased no less than chasing, and that you must rely for very life on the keenness of your eyesight and the steadiness of your hand. But precisely because it is work for heroes it is most to be deplored that Garibaldi should have any other fol lowers than men of his own physical and moral tem per. The campaign of the Tyrol, which has become too difficult for mere Volunteers, should be followed up by the regular army, and it is our conviction that 50,000 chosen troops would not be too many for au attack on Tyrol, both on the western passes of the Stelvio, the Tonale, and the Caffaro, and on the eastern side at Val Sugana.l Of such an enterprise, however, we have as yet no account. HERALD.—The last hope of an armistice has come to an end. The intervention of the Emperor of the French seems to have been mainly confined to a re commendation to Austria that she should accept the demands of Prussia as preliminaries of peace. While wishing to do all justice to the " lofty motives" for which the Constitutionnel and the Moniteur claim credit as having uniformly actuated the diplomatic movements of their Government, we cannot ascribe to them the merit of having effected much in the in terests of peace. Prussia and Austria might as well have been left to deal with each other independently if all that the neutral Powers can do is to reco mmen d abject submission to the Power which has hitherto certainly been worsted in the strife, but which has not yet lost all hope of turning the tables against its adversary. It is pretty clear now that the Emperor of the French will do nothing to prevent the utter humiliation and ruin of the Austrian empire. W e are now informed that the French Minist er at Ber lin, M. Benedetti, has been sent to Vi enna with a pass through the Austrian lines, to urge upon th e Government of the Emperor Francis Jo sep h , the expediency of a d m itti ng " in principle" th e d emand of Prussia that Austria should be excluded from the German Confederation, in the hope that such com pliance would clear the way to the conclusion of an armistice. The Austrian Government has declined to commit this act of suicide, and the battle for German supremacy has still to be fought in front of Vienna. France has tacitly recognised the obliga tion which binds Italy to follow out the provisions of the treaty which she concluded with Prussia be fore the war began, has allowed the cession of Ve netia by Austria to remain a dead letter, and for borne to protest against the advance of ialdiui on the rear of the Quadrilateral through Padua and Vicenza. France, too, if we may believe the official Provincial Correspondent of Berlin, has admitted the moderation and justice of the claims preferred by Prussia. The German belligerents are left to tight it out together. As far as the Italian war is concerned, it is obvious that if Italy is to be allowed to regard Venetia as still Austrian territory, it is open to Austria to look upon it in the same light for all pnrposes ofjwar. The great fortresses will still hold General Cialdini in check. The Austrians who were in front of Verona have retired within that citadel. The Garibaldian Volunteers have been repulsed on the Stelvio Pass, and near the head waters of the Chiese, and the advance into the Ita lian Tyrol makes no progress. The eyes of Europe are fixed on another battle-field, from which the Italians are still far removed, and where there in dignant remonstrances and fiery patriotism are little heeded. The Austrians have removed a whole arms from Venetia, and left enough men there to hold all Italy at bay for the moment. The moment is all important ; it is so momentous that the issue of everything may depend upon this march northwards of 150,000 men with a man at their head in whose veins flows the blood of the great archduke who vanquished the French at Aspern. The Archduke Albert, the son of the Archduke Charles, is the new commander of the Austrian army of the north, in which the ill-fated Benedek remains a general of division. It is curious that the conqueror of Cus tozza will to all appearance have to meet the Prussians on that very plain by the Danube where his father won his laurels. There never was a Power in difficulties so bankrupt of allies as the Austrian Government is at this present crisis. After the defeat of the Bavarians and Hessians at Aschaf fenburg the Federal army is reported to have been utterly demoralised. Bavaria is said to be making terms with Prussia. The Prussians have entered Frankfort, and the shadow of a German Parliament which sat there has removed to Augsburg. The Prussians are in Darmstadt, and the inheritance of the Princess Alice lies at their mercy. The Prussian forces in the west of Germany will, however, scarcely be able to converge in time on the field of strife in the Archduchy of Austria. Here the first Prussian army has advanced to Lundenberg, the railway junction of the line from Braun and Olmutz to Vienna. The second army has fought a battle with the Austrians near Olmutz, in which it claims the advantage. It has not, however, invested that fortress, but has taken its way south to join the first army at Lundenberg. The Austrian garrison remains at Olmutz, and by the occupation of the railroad it is cut off from direct access to Vienna. The third Prussian army, called the army of the Elbe, has made its way south through Iglau and Znaym as far as Jetzelsdorf. There seems to be no opposition as yet to the junction of the three armies, one of which has advanced to the south bank of the River Taya, within 40 miles of the Austrian capital. The plain, about 40 miles wide, which stretches from Znaym and Lundenberg on the north to Vienna in the south, is intersected by numerous branches of the Taya and March rivers, and other tributaries of the Danube, and it is well suited by nature for de fensive purposes, and for the strategical dispositions of the commanders who have such confidence in their strength that they are willing to risk all on the event of a battle. For either side a defeat in such a count** would be disastrous—a victory conclusive. It is not only the fate of the Austrian Empire, it is the des tiny of Prussia, which is staked on this final combat. 'We will presume that the Austrian Archduke in command and his able advisers have had reasons of their own for making no attempt to prevent the junction of the Prussian armies and the advance upon Lundenberg. The Emperor of Austria has no intention as yet of falling back upon HunerY• But whether the battle is on the banks of the Taya or in front of Florisdorf, on the Danube, or on the historic field of Aspern or Wagram, its issue will decide for the moment the fate of Vienna, and do, something towards settling the vexed question 0 1 supremacy in Germany and the exclusion of Austria. from a country in which Prussia cl a i ms the chid place. COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWCAS TLE- ON-TYNE—TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a small supply of wheat from the growers and the coast, but rather larger arrivals from abroad. Only a limited business was done, at last week's rates. Barley, malt, and beans were unchanged: Peas rather dearer. Oats 6d per qr. lower. Flour sold at previous rates. The average price of wheat has been 5 68 5d per qr. MONMOUTHSHIRE—TUESDAY. For home-grown wheat there is a moderate sale, I) 3 t foreign meets with but little inquiry. The barley trade IS of a fluctuating character. At some of the markets price s rule firm, while at others there is a decline. Beans are 10 much request, and sales are effected at full money. 13 oats business is a little brisker, and late rates are well sur ported. The following are the average quotations:—Wheat, red: 5s Gd to 6s 3d per bushel; inferior ditto, 5s 3d to Os. Od white, 6s to Gs 6d ; malting barley, 36s to 40s per qr ; ing ditto, 29s to 30s; beans, 44s ; white oats, 25s 6d to 27 black ditto, 24s Gd to 25s 6d. LYNN-TUESDAY. The weather since this day week has been unusual hot and forcing. Th e h ay crops i n thi s ne i g hb our hood have been secured in fine order. The show of wheat " to-day's market was very scanty. The trade ruled firni, at fully last week's prices. Beans in request and quite as dear. Grinding barley and oats in favour of buyers. New wheat, 54s to 56s ; new red, 50s to 53s ; old white' —s to —s ; old red, 50s to 53s per 36 stone. Barley for making, 32s to 34s ; secondary, 28s to 30s. Oats, new, 24s to 28s per 24 stone. Beans, small, 47s to 50s. Pea s, 36s to 40s per 28 stone. SALISBURY.—TUESDAY. A short supply of wheat at market to-day, of averag e quality. Holders asked more money, and in some cases al advance.of is per qr. was üb:aincd. A moderate deman d for flour. The following are the quotations :—Wheat realised fr° l ; 48s to 58s ; barley, 30s to 40s; oats, 24 s t o 32 s ; b ean s, 0 to 545; and peas, 42s to 50s per qr. Tares, from 6s to 4 5 6d per bushel ; Best bread, 13d ; household ditto, 12d. per 81b loaf. Flour, 38s to 42s per sack. HULL-TUESDAY. Since our last there has been no material change in th e wheat trade. In this neighbourhood the rapid decline 11 been checked, but b u y ers con fi ne th e i r purc h ases to s mall lots of English, there being absolutely no demand fl foreign. At our market to-day there was a fair show' A ° English wheat, but the firmness of farmers in th e ir demall" for last week's prices effectually checked sales. A few needy millers purchased at last week's rates. English old white wheat, 535 to 55s ; old red, 49s to 5 28 ' Barley, English, —s to — s ; grinding, Mediterranc. o, 31s to 31s 6d. Oats, n ew E ng li s h , 27 s to 28s; Busstat 26s to 275. Beans, o ld E ng li s h , 50 s to 51s; fore i gn , to 475. Peas, Engli s h blue, 40-, to 41s Od ; foreign wlat ° ' 38s to 40s ; grinding, 36s to 37s Od per qr. GAINSBOROUGH-T UESDAY. With a good supply of wheat trade ruled slow, mill er! and factors only buying sparin g ly f or i mme di a t e wan 7-; Last week's prices were supported. Whit e w h ea t, 568 58s ; red and mixed, 55s to 56s per qr.. Beans ls.per lower. In other grain no change. COAL MARKET. a. s. d. s. 0 Holywell Main l7 0 Tees Tees South Hartlepool l9 9 H eug h Kepier Grange End 21 0 19 6 Walls Haswell... , Harton lB 9 H e tt on L yons 18 Ships at market, 35—sold, 34. [ AD VERTlSEMErrd—Holloway's Ointment.—All r rie ; ties of ulceration s , b a d l ogs, sores, wounds, and eruPtV"n,.. can be cured by th e dili gen t use o f t hi s cool i ng, soothing' and healing u nguen t. Th e ol d and often failing fashicsl strapping the edges of ulcers together with plaster has 00 tirely given way before the more r easona bl e trea t m ent „. Holloway's ointment, which builds up from the bottom 0 the ground with sound and healthy granulations ; the gradually grow until they reach the level of the surface; then contract, harden, and immediately become cover ed with new and wholesome skin. The proper application c":. this ointment diminishes the inflammation, cause s the of healthy discharge first to grow thi c k, th en t o cea se, the swelling disappears, and the natural shape is resto, Births. AST= —On the 15th inst., at West Lodge, Dorchester' the wife of Major Astell, of a son. BAMFORD—On the 16th inst., at Impington Hall, Caber Mrs. Charles Bamford, of a son. RAMSDEN— On the 17th inst., at 6, Upper Brook-streotl the Lady Guendolen Ramsden, of a daughter. SIANTON—On the 4th inst., at Alexandra, in British D i n mah, the wife of Colonel Stanton, R.E., C. 8., IL Agent and Consul-General, of a daughter. Marriages. • t9 ' , HAMILTON—DILKES—On the 17th inst., at All Sall' v, Margaret- s t ree t, C aven di s h- square, the Rev. Levesou to Hamilton, to Wilhelmina, youngest daughter of the la General W. T. Mikes, Scots Fusilier Guards, Lie u Governor of Quebec. OSBORN—JOHNSON—On the 17th inst., at St. Mary's,,, ro , ing, William B. O s b orn , o f H an d swort h , Birming'3o. Esq., to Elizabeth H e l en , younges t d aug h ter o f 4. Johnson, Esq., of Manor House, Gunnersbury. Deaths. ELLISON.—On Thursday, 19th July, at 16, Royal Ave r l i r; terrace, King's-road, Chelsea, in the 85th year o, ,r„ e , age, beloved and respected by all who knew her, non:st relict of Lieutenant William Ellison, R.N , and daughter of the late John Kent, Esq., Of the it ° J,:o Hospital, Plymouth. Friends at a distance will P lo ' . accept this notice. St• FLEMMING— On the 16th inst., at 39, A cac i a -road, John's-wood, Mrs. F. 31. Flemming. ri ot , LAMBORN—On the 17th inst., at Pa r k- wa lk, Ch e lsea, William Lamborn, aged 82. APLEop—On the 16th inst., at 55, Beaumont-street, Call erl o i dish-square, Katherine, the eldest surviving da,uglitS, l r J. M'Leod, Esq., of Daimon:), Inverness-shire, aged 7 . g 0 PRICE—On the 2d ult., at Morzufferpore, India,. Randal, eldest son of George a n d th e H on . Etna Price, aged 25. SERLE—On the 14th inst., at Twyford, near Winchas te o l Caroline, daughter of the lat e J ames Serb°, -654" Bishopstoke, aged 91. r toll 'SMITH—On the 17th inst., Henry S m ith , E sq., o f 3 3 -e . , - 0 Hall, Cambridge, late editor of the Cambridge Index dent Press, aged 67. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AND— it of No. 112, Strand, Painter. at Tria SUN °lnce, N°.., Strand, in the Precinct of: th e S avoy, In the Coln' hilddlesem—Thursday, July 19, ISM -~