The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-25 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, DRURY-LANE, Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, Shake3pere's Play of HENRY THE EIGHTH, terminating with the fall of Wolsey. Messrs. Phelps, Walter Lacy ; Miss Atkinson. After which, on a scale of great splendour, Milton's Mask of COMUS Messrs. Walter Lacy, Wiibye Cooper, H emi Drayton, Miss Poole, Miss Augusta Thomson, and Mrs. H. Vezin. THEATRE -ROYAL, lIMIARKET. Lessee. Mr. Buckstone. THIS EVENING the performance will commence with THREE WEEK'S AFTER MA KRIAGE. Mr. Chippen dale, Mr.W. Farren, Mr. Gordon, dui ; Mesdames Frzwilliam, Snowdon, &c. Alter which, THE WOMAN IN MAUVE. Messr s. Sothern, Corriptcn, Howe, F.:wren, Braid, Zzc ; Mesdames Stuart, Lovell, Buckstone, dr. Followed by LORD DUNDREARY MARRIED AND DONE roll Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. And 1 AIIILY JARS. Mr. Compton, &O. To commence at 7. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.— ~in r c u p ri dna .DBl4, TtlIS EVE'ING (by d sire), MASKS AND FACES; or, Before and Behind the Curtaia. Mr. Benjamin Webster, Messrs. Paul Bedford, Billington, Ashley, Stuart, C. Smith, Mrs. Stirling, Miss H. Simm.i. and Mrs. Billington. After wnich, 13th time, a new Extravaganza, entitled PAN; or, The Loves of Echo and Narcissus. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, a J. Smith, H. isomer, Miss Woolgar, Bliss K. Kelly, Miss Lillian Bruce, and Miss A. Seam n. To conclude with THE STEEPLLCHASE ; or, In the Pigskin. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford ; Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE Under the Sole Management of Mr. leechter. THIS EVENING, A DAY AFEEM THE WEDDING, Mcssrs. C. Horsman, Collett, 31'Intyre, Ao. ; Mesdames C. liorsman and G. Leigh. After which, at half-past Eight, THE MOUNTEBANK. Belphegor (tin M ,untebank). Mr. Fechter; Paul (his iv /Halter Fechter; supported by Messrs. Widdicomb, Ryder, S. Emery, F►tzpatrick, E. Garden, C. Horsman, Raymond, Moreland ; Miss C. Leclercq, Mdlle. Beatrice, and Mrs. C. Iforsman. To conclude with THE LOST CHILD. Mr. Widdicomb. Doors open at Hall-past Six. The Box-office open daily from Blevoa till Five. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. THIS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher, entitled HEART-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS. After which, ARRAIT NA POGUE : Mes4rs. Dion Bondi. milt, J. Brougham, IL Vandenhoff,• D. Fisher, L. Murray; Mrs. Boucicault and Miss Al. Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE Sole Lessee and Manageress. Mrs. Swanborouv,h. TIM EVENING, at 7, DEAF AS A POST. Mr. Thorne. Mesdames Johnston, Weston, and Hughes. After which, at 8, ONE TREE HILL. %ream. Craven , Stoyle, Jame', Belford ; Miss A. Swanborough and Miss Id, Palmer. To conclude w:th PATIENT PENELOPE. Bliss Simp eon. GRATIS AND POST FREE , E. MOSES and SONS' New Pamphlet, THE PHILOSOPHY OF DRESS. MOSES AND S 0 N • respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING-. The newest faorics are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices ire such as must satisfy the most economical. Trils depart ment is in a uistinct part of the premises, which will belound ftgre it convi.nience for ladies and children, 'Li MOSES AND SON • respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assorted SPICING STOCK. MOSES AND SON'S •"SANDRINGHAM" and "DANISH " WRAPPER 1 ntroduced by them) is the newest and most fashion tb.e style of Overcoats for the season. MOSES AND SON'S E• READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTRL.NCi for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S ~• CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, trom 30s. EMOSES AND SON'S • HOSIERY and DR &I'ERY, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S OATS AND CAPS, for all c asses and all ages, EMOSES AND SON'S • BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. MOSE O S IITFI ~N D SON'S for aLI classes, all ages, and all climates. MOSES AND SON'S E• LONDON HOUSES, 151, 155, 15 4 , 157; Minories; 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, Aldgate 506, 507, 508, New Oxford--street; 1,2, 3, Hart-ssre.t , 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Eu.ton-road Also,.Braciford, Yorkshire. MOSES AND SON'S L• Establishments are closed every Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until li o'clock. All articles arc marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article nut appr,ved of will be exchanged, or the money returned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion card, and our new pamphlet, " The Philosophy of Dress," gratis and post t, ce. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied, as soon as published every Evening by W. ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish-street, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published containing all the LA rEsrr NEWS and SPORTING- INTELLIGNOE, by Li. W. HARRIS, Newspaper Agent, 4, Blacktriars-roaa, London, S. IIHE LAST EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing the Latest SPOUT LN INTELLIIiENC On be had Every Evening of Cr. IL GLIsNIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4. Connaught-terrace, Ilyde-park. A PHOTOGRAPHIC CURIOSITY, s - With a copy of Zh e S un PRICE 4D. ; STAMPED, SD. ; is presented GRATIS (with a Supplement) A MINIATURE PHOTOGRAPHED FAC SIMILE of the FRONT PAGE of THE SUN of MONDAY, the 2d January, 1865. * * For the convenience of Subscribers wishing to preserve the Photograph, a suitable frame is pro vided, and may be had at The Sun Office, price ls. The Photograph, ON CARD, 6d. ; or mounted in frame, ls. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, lh. 30m.—Afternoon, Ih. 50m, To-Moßnow.-Morning, 2h. 16m.—Afternoon, 2h. 40m, ' ,s 7 elyt I 4-4. 49N - 40 44,4 th LONDON, qUESDAY, APRIL 25, 1865. • The news of the death of the young CZAREWITCH will call forth feelings of the deepest regret where ever it is heard. Seldom has there been a more striking instance afforded of the impunity with which death can assail the high as well as the low. In the sight of man all that this world can offer to attract and charm was before the young prince, Who has been snatched away alike from power and felicity.. many attendant circumstances concur to make this event particularly sad, and likely to be long deplored, when the first excitement of grief is over. His approaching marriage with the young princess of Denmark renders the calamity most deplorable, since, besides the gloom overshadowing the Imperial family of Russia, we have also to think upon the sadness which has fallen on the royal house of Denmark. It seemed a cheering prospect in the strife and discords of last year to dwell upon the forthcoming union of th e fair young , P r i ncess DAGMAR with the heir of the CZAR, of Prussia. It promised also support to Denmark, an d % fair chance of domestic happiness to the Prince, such as the occupants of thrones are often prevented from sharing, owing to the formulas of States and the decrees of political expediency. All must sym pathise with the Princess DAGMAR, the prospects of whose life have been dimmed at the outset, and who has exchanged the bridal wreath for the cypress crown. It appears that the young CZAREWITCH has always been delicate, but still hopes were entertained of his becoming more robust in the course of time; These hopes have been dashed to the ground, and perhaps seldom in the memory of a generation has so overpowering a calamity or so wide-spread a sorrow suddenly appeared as that which has taken place at Nice. By the death-bed of the Prince the most solemn and striking warning of the , uncertainty of life, and , the insecurity of earthly possessions, might have been gathered. The heir to All the Russias was struck down in the pride of life and flower of youth, his destined bride and his afflicted father hurrying from different parts of Europe to be present at the last sad scene. It is Isatisfactory to know that both were in time, and thus escaped the sad reflection of being too late. The young OZAREWITCH would, in all probability, have proved a worthy ruler of the mighty empire over which he would one day have reigned had his life been spared. Times are changed since the days of his grandfather, the renowned NICHOLAS, after whom he was named. The present more modified regulations and quieter rule would have accorded better with the tastes, and suited more the require ments of this Prince than the iron rule and stern sway of old times. In many respects, therefore, his death is to be regretted beyond the immediate and most striking incidents of the imperial family, plunged into mourning, and the hopes of the un fortunate King of DENMARK being again frustrated. At so early an age as that which makes up the term of the earthly career of the Prince, it is difficult to feel certain as to his future course, but so far as we can form a judgment there seems to have been every reason for hoping the best. The Prince had been carefully trained, and was gaining daily ex perience as to the government of that might country in which he held so high a place. Great differences exist in the traditional notions that prevail in Eng land and Russia. On more than one occasion lately serious altercations have arisen concerning the course pursued by the Imperial policy, but at this moment of bitter sorrow this country feels the pro foundest sympathy for the loss which has befallen the mighty Emperor of RUSSIA. Also the sorrow entertained for the Princess DAGMAR will be very sincere, and it is rendered more poignant by the reflection that misfortune and disappointment have already been most rife in her family, and clouded the fortunes of her country. Many gloomy events both at home and abroad have cast a shadow over affairs lately, but none more conspicuously so than this premature demise of the heir of Russia, sur rounded as it is by circumstances which are calcu. lated to impress so forcibly with regret and disap. pointment. It has been truly said that— " Earth's highest title ends in, here he lies, And dust to dust concludes her noblest song," but nothing affords a more striking proof of this than the death of the young who were about to enter on fresh hopes and form fresh ties to exist ence. The sad event which has taken place at Nice will long dwell in the recollection of all who have been present there, and as a sorrowful episode in the career of kings it will be chro nicled in the annals of history. A very interesting festival was held on Saturday at Maybury, in the Royal Dramatic College. Un der the will of the late T. P. COOKE, the 23d April, famous as the birthday of our great poet and dra matist, is to be always celebrated by a banquet. An additional interest attaches to it in the eyes of the lamented T. P. COOKE'S friends and associates from the fact of its having been likewise the anniversary of his own birth. With the kindly feeling which always distinguished him, he expressed in his will an anxiety that the aged residents of the college should have a yearly treat in honour of the day. He further stipulated that at the grand dinner which the Master Wardens and members of the Council, together with others interested in the welfare of the College, were on that day to enjoy, the first toast after the routine " healths" should be drunk to the memory of SHAKSPERE. This duty last Saturday devolved upon the Master, Mr. B. WEBSTER, who acquitted himself of his arduous duties as Chairman with his customary skill and tact. The benevolent testator himself was naturally one of the principal topics of the evening ; and not the least interesting portion of the fine spectacle presented by the great hall was the sight of the aged residents of the college, whose latter years are thus comfortably provided for by those members of their own profession who are still reaping the harvest of fame and fortune. An asylum of this kind has an especial claim on the benevolent, since it gives its kindly shelter to those who have spent their best days in the public service, and who, having followed through their working years an arduous and exhausting profession, have now reached the days when they may honourably rest. We hope that the members and wardens of the College will gather together many an April to do honour to the memories of the past, and to congratulate each other upon the ever-brightening prospects of their future. The vote for the Army Estimates last evening gave rise to an animated discussion respecting the clerk ships in the War-office. There appeared to be a con siderable difference of opinion on the subject of some proposed reforms or alterations in the management of the departments, and General PEEL found a good deal to censure in the new arrangements, which,.. however, were strongly supported by others. The matter of promotion was the principal difficulty, General PEEL contending that a system of office promotion was far superior to branch promotion ; that is to say, that when there is a vacancy to be -filled up the candidate selected should not be chosen exclusively from that particular branch, but from any of the departments. The hon. and gallant member contended that it would be more advan tageous to the public service if each gentleman were acquainted with the duties of the office generally, and not with the mere details of the particular branch to which he belongs. He added that it would be less mortifying to those excluded from the post if a clerk from another department were placed over them, instead of one of their own companions or subordinates. He urged that there was great danger that a system of branch promotion should degenerate into a mere question of seniority, most prejudicial to the interests of the establishment. These views were supported by Sir S. NouTuc on, ' who contended that the branch system was as un fair to the clerks as it was injurious to the ser vice, since, he said, it kept young men in one office performing duties which were merely mechanical, instead of gaining experience in several branches. " Under the first system the officers were mere machines, and in order to fill staff appointments it would be necessary to seA men out of doors ; while under the more enlarged system, officers of ambition and ability would be obtained, and the establishments rendered much more efficient and healthy." This logic, however, is not unanswerable, for if all the departments are mechanical, there is not much scope for ambition ; while if not, the members of the superior classes would not like to be promoted to the head of an inferior. It was very justly argued by Mr. FORSTER that such a plan was never followed in private establishments. If in a large mercantile firm the seller was replaced by the accountant, or vice versa, the proceeding would be stigmatised as highly injudicious. Prac tice, if it does not always make perfect, generally confers a readiness and dexterity which nothing else can give, and a man of very ordinary intel ligence, if continually employed at the same kind of work, alraost inevitably obtains a cent aba degree of proficiency. We see the same thing continually among the labouring classes. We should not think of advising a butcher to turn baker, a hatter to become a shoemaker, or a stonemason to under ' take some fine and delicate handicraft. If each keeps to his trade, he has, with industry and per - severance, a fair chance of success ; but if he leaves his own work to try somebody else's, he will, most probably, be far excelled by those, who have had longer experience. There is no certainty therefore that the work would be better done or the workers more satisfied if the branch system were abandoned. At the same it is right to notice that considerable dissatisfaction is said to exist among the clerks at the change. The Marquis of HARTINGTON, in answering the complaints made by hon. members opposite to him, observed that several reasons had led to the appointment of the committee, upon whose report the new system was founded. Since 1856 a continual increase has been going on in the number of clerks, without any im provement in the amount of work done, or the manner of doing it. There was also evidence of a great lack of supervision, and the principle regulat ing promotions were altogether unsound. It appears in fact to be absolutely ridiculous. "It cannot," said Lord HARTINGTON, "be right, that when a vacancy occurs in a particular branch a gentleman in such branch should be promoted to perform the duties of the higher office so vacated without re ceiving an increase of pay, while, in another branch, a gentleman received an increase of pay without obtaining any promotion in point of rank." Our public offices are certainly conducted on very strange principles, but this is a specially original method ! Many of the other objections brought against the new system were satisfactorily answered by the Marquis of HARTINGTON, and it will be as well for the public to see how the new plan works before they acquiesce in the strictures passed upon it. Dr. LANKESTER held an inquest yesterday on the body of a pauper who was found dead in St. Giles's Workhouse. It appeared that he died from natural causes, but at the same time the diet was far 'too low. The deceased was seventy-five years_ of age, and he had nothing allowed him from four o'clock in the afternoon until eight the next morning. The afternoon meal consisted of gruel, with bread and salt. It is really surprising that such a dietary should be permitted, and the Coroner very properly animadverted upon it. He said that it was very hard an able-bodied man of that age should not have had beer allowed him, with which the jury readily agreed. The Coroner also added that they dare not treat prisoners as they do paupers. He said the dietary was too low. It did not perhaps produce disease, but it shortened the life of the inmates, and ought not to be done. The doctor admitted that the deceased should have had beer, but he said that he had nothing to do with the body of the house. The jury appended to their verdict some remarks in connection with the opinions entertained by all pre sent, to the effect that a more liberal diet should be permitted to the aged poor in St. Giles's, and that they should have more stimulants when necessary. It is to be hoped that those in authority will take heed and follow the advice thus tendered to them ; for it is a sad thing when paupers are thus reduced to the lowest margin of support, and it is a false and fatal economy that would seek to dole out grudg ingly the wretched fare which the managers of workhouses consider sufficient for the inmates of those dreary abodes. Monuments at Duppel and Alsen. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) FLENSBURG, April 21. At three o'clock this afternoon the foundation stone was laid of a monument upon the heights of Duppel, which is to occupy the former site of Fort No. 6. The ceremony commenced by reading a list of the documents to be placed in the stone. Prince Frederick Charles then laid the stone in the King's name and gave the three strokes with the hammer, handing it next to Field-Marshal Count von Wran gel,,who was followed by the princes of the royal house, and the deputations of generals and knights of the order pour le write. Salvoes of artillery were fired, and three cheers given for the King. Field- Chaplain Schalenburg then preached the sermon, and the ceremony concluded with the marching past of the troops. Numbers of the inhabitants from the neighbourhood were present upon the occasion. The scroll laid in the stone bore the following in scription : 'We, William, by God's grace King of Prussia, &c., have ordered that the foundation-stone of a memorial shall be laid at Duppel on the 21st April in the year of salvation 1865, in memory of the storming of the Duppel entrenchments by our army. In union with our illustrious ally, the Em peror of Austria, we had been compelled to enter into war with the kingdom of Denmark that the Elbe-Duchies might no longer be deprived of their long withheld and se ques t ere d r i g ht t o Germany and Germany of.her right to them. After the long peace with which God had favoured our country we called a portion of our troops under arms. In the midst of winter, exposed to the greatest hardships from the weather, our soldiers advanced into the northern marches of Germany under the wings of the Prus sian eagle. It waved above them in their first con flict before Missunde ; it led them at their passage over the Schlei at Arnis ; they ranged themselves around it in the siege of the Duppel entrenchments. The excellence of our artillery and the ability of those by whom it was directed were here dis played, together with the discipline of our army in the hardships of camp life, the warlike community of spirit which binds the officers and men of our troops to well-ordered union, and finally the heroic bravery with which the storm upon the entrenchments was carried out. Under the guidance of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia, the sons of our people sealed with their hearts' blood the victory Prussia's sword had won for the right and honour of Germany. To those who devoted their lives for their brethren WQ dedicate this me morial, whose foundation-stone we order to be laid on the 21st of this month, to bear testimony to the gratitude of the fatherland, and to our resolution to secure, with God's help, to the resting-place of our heroic warriors the protection of Prussia's arms even to distant times. " Given at our capital city of Berlin, this 18th April of the year 1865. (Signed) " WILLIAM." A similar monument is to be erected in the island of Alsen. Upon the scroll to be deposited in the foundation-stone at that spot are inscribed the fol lowing words : " We, William, by God's grace King of Prussia, &c., do hereby proclaim mid announce : In the con tinuation of the war waged by us during the past year, in conjunction with our illustrious ally, against Denmark for the right of Germany, God's hand marked out for us the limit. The conquest of Alsen put an end to the war and gave Germany her right. Our army carried the sword into the enemy's ranks beyond the waves of the sea, planted the flag of Prussia on the island shore of the Baltic, and added new and imperishable leaves to the rich gar land of Prussian military fame. We owe this re sult to the divisions of our army which fought here ' victoriously under the chief command of Cavalry- General Prince Charles and the guidance of In fantry-General Herwarth von Bittenfeld, and we therefore have given orders that a monument shall be erected to the fallen brave upon the scene of their renown, to bear testimony to the thankfulness of the fatherland, and in honour of the memory of the dead, whose heroic courage will live in the re collection of our warriors, should they ever have to guard the fruits of that victory with the sword. "Given at our capital city of Berlin•this 18th April of the year 1865. (Signed) " WILLIAM," LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) FRANCE, ASSASSINATION OF' THE SECRETARY OF THE RUSSIAN LEGATION. PARIS, APRIL 25. Yesterday, at 3 p.m., a stranger presented him self at the Russian Embassy, demanding to speak with the Secretary of Legation. Almost immedi ately after his entrance a noise was heard, and the Secretary was found covered with blood, having received five stabs from a dagger. The murderer fled, but was stopped, when he wounded two other persons before he was arrested. The Secretary is reported to be dead. In consequence of the death of the Czarewitch the Emperor of the French will go into mourning for nine days. NICE, APRIL 25. The body of the Czarewitch will be removed on Wednesday next to the Russian church, and will be embarked on Friday upon a Russian vessel for conveyance to Cronstadt. Funeral honours will be rendered to the deceased Prince by the French authorities. The Russian Imperial family will leave Nice for Germany on Saturday next. It is asserted that the squadron which is to accom pany the Emperor Napoleon to Algiers will only sail on Monday next for Marseilles. BOURSE, April 24.—The market is unsettled, and most of the principal Securities have declined. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f. 60c. Ita lian Loan, 65f. 55c. Mobilier has been done at 772 f. 50c. In Railway Shares there is very little doing. The market closed as follows: 4} per Cents 96 Do. end month — 3 per Cents. 67 45 Do. end month 67 35 Credit Mobilier Do. end month Bank Shares 3565 Crsdit Fonder 1270 Roman 74f Italian Loan 65 45 Do. end month 65 30 Ditto Threes — New Mexican Russian — Austrian Spanish Threes 45 Home Debt — Deferred 'AYS. RAIL' Cash. Acct. Orleans 835 ... 835 Northern 1057 50 ... 1056 25 Lyons and Mediterranean 955 ... 951 25 Southern 592 50 ... 597 50 Western 523 75 ... 525 Eastern 526 25 ... 525 Sardinian • 305 -- ... 302 50 Austrian Lombard 542 50 ... 542 50 North of Spain 237 50 ... 235 Saragossa 330 ... 335 Ditto to Barcelona — ... Slavery and Emancipation in America, - -4.- - In the year• 1860 the slave population of the United States numbered about 4,000,000. There were also 500,000 free people of colour. During the military movements of the conflict waged for the purpose perpetrating slavery by the one and for preventing secession by the other, 2,000,000 of the slaves had become free prior to Mr. Lincoln's re election as President. But immense numbers have passed into freedom since the fall of Savannah, Charleston, Wilmington, Petersburg, and Rich mond. The transition has been sudden and charac- ;erised by the exigencies of war. Myriads have fled 'rom the home of slavery without clothing, provi sion, or the implements of industry, or even of household economy ; and are dependent on bene volence for sustenance and means of improving their condition. The able-bodied have either been ab sorbed in the Northern armies or retained by their Southern masters. The women, the children, the aged, and the infirm, constitute a large . dependent population, among whom are to be found much pri vation and wretchedness. Benevolent efforts to provide assistance, in money and clothing, have been made by Freed Men's Aid Commissions in Boston, Washington, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, and New York. Many philanthropic persons have gone down into the South as teachers and helpers, and have formed asylums, hospitals, schools, colonies, camps, and industrial communities. Auxiliary associations have been organised in Great Britain, the principal of which have been composed of members of the Society of Friends. Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart., is president, and Samuel Gurney, Esq., M.P., treasurer of the London Freed Men's Aid Society, whose chief aim is to collect and transmit funds to the American organisations. During the past week a move ment for co-operation has been' commenced in Paris, and private social meetings have been held by the invitation of M. Daboulaye, in his chambers, Rue Taitbout ; Pasteur G. Monod, at his own house, and the Rev. T. Baron Hart, in the English congregational chapel, Rue Royale. A deputation from America and London has attended; Levi Coffin, a " Friend" from Cincinnati, Messrs. Haynes from New York, and the Rev. Dr. Massie, acting secretary of the London committee, have by their presence and statements contributed informa tion and interest. In the chambers of M. Lahoulaye, the Prince de Broglie, Count de Montalembert, M. Cushman, M. H. Martin, Dr. de Pressense, G. Monod, and others, representing the sympathies and desires of many absent philanthropists ; and a com mittee was formed to prepare an address and take measures for soliciting co-operation. Measures will also be matured by the friends who assembled at M. Monod's and in the Rue Royale. The American residents in Paris, desiring to uphold the reputation of their country, will doubtless prove that though the cause of the emancipated is cosmopolitan and philanthropic, they have an especial duty which they will promptly discharge among themselves. The editors of journals of every political hue will serve the cause by transferring to their columns whatever information they may deem valuable._ Galignani. MARKETS---This Day. HAY MARKETS. SMITHFIELD.—Meadow hay, £4 lOs to £slos Od ; clover, £5 lOs to £6 lOs Od ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 14s per load. Trade slow. CUMBERLAND.—Meadow hay, £4 10s to £5 10s ; clover, £5 lOs to £6 lOs; and straw, - .£l 8s to £1 14s per load. A slow sale. WHITECHAPEL.—Meadow hay, £4 10s to £5 lOs ; clover, £5 108 to £6 10s ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 14s per load Trade steady. COLONIAL. TEA.—There has been a moderate inquiry for most de scriptions, and prices generally are well sustained. Good shipping congou is quoted lld. per lb. SUGAR.—The market has not been very active, although good qualities of West India fully 'support previous rates. In other descriptions there is also not much change. Business in the refined market continues rather dull, at about previous quotations. COFFEE.—The demand for colonial has been steady, and notwithstanding the large increase of stocks in hand, com pared with those of the same period last year, prices in most instances are well supported. RICE.--A fair amount of business has been done, and full rates have been obtained for superior descriptions of East India. TALLOW.—The market has shown rather more anima- tion, consequent upon the late American advices, and prices for both present and forward delivery show an upward tendency. P.Y.C., on the spot, is quoted 41s. ; and last three months' delivery, 425. 6d. per cwt. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. s. d. Buddle'sWestHartley 16 9 Hetton l9 0 Holywell Main l6 6 Cowpen Hartley Carway and Duffryn Heugh Hall l7 9 Malting 22 0 Walls End Harton ... 16 3 Braddyell's Hetton l7 3 South lielloe Walls End Haswell... 19 0 Hastings Hartley l6 9 Tunstall LITERATURE. Meteyard's Life of Wedgwood. The Life of Josiah Wedgwood. By Eliza Mete yard. With numerous Illustrations. Vol. One, pp. 504. Hurst and Blackett. In this magnificent volume we welcome one of the very noblest contributions to the history of the ceramic art ever published. We place it at once and permanently--this record of the "Life of Josiah Wedgwood "—side by side with Bernard Palissy's Memoirs and with Benvenuto Cellini's Autobio graphy. " Silverpen " has here for once writ ten with a pen of gold. By this single per formance (evidently for her a labour of love) she has securely established her literary reputation. Miss Meteyard tells us in her prefatory remarks that her researches, with a view to the composition of this biography of Josiah Wedgwood, have ex tended over a period of fully fifteen years alto gether. Judging from the result, they have been years in no way mis-spent. A more conscientious discharge of the delicate and responsible duties de volving, upon the biographer of a really great man, has not been witnessed, we believe, since the days of Boswell, the greatest of all Biographers. A happy accident appears to have aided the accumula tion of the rare and some of them very precious mate rials here so admirably put together by the dex terous hand and exquisite taste of Miss Meteyard. This same lucky accident being nothing less than the passing into the possession of Joseph Mayer of Liverpool—quite fortuitously—of a considerable portion of the business papers relating to the Great Potter's works both at Burslem and at Etruria. From Mr. Mayer's possession, it will be seen, those same papers passed on (with how many more priceless materials, documentary or other . wise, viva voce anecdotes, letters, drawings, and so forth !)—into the safe keeping of Eliza Mete yard. And they did so, of course, with a view to her judicious application of them to the purposes of her long-projected biography—this biography undertaken by her in her capacity as the chosen celebrant of the genius, of the career, of the works, of the fair fame, of the artistic and laborious life of Josiah Wedgwood. The descendants and the admirers, the friends and the family of the Great Potter have, meanwhile, been vying with each other in pouring into her lap a superabun dance of materials, materials which have been placed (every one of them) at her own complete discretion, for employment by her, howsoever her judgment listed, in the building up under her reveren tial hand of a literary memorial not unworthy of perpetuating the name of Wedgwood. And let us here state at once quite distinctly that the authoress has manifestly been in no way bewildered by what must have proved an .embaras des richesses to one less fitted . for the task. Prefixed, here, to this, Life of the Great Potter, the authoress has given a rapid but comprehensive Sketch of the Art of Pottery, not only in England, but elsewhere, far and wide— not alone in modern times, not alone in the middle ages, but, century beyond 'century, by a daring retrospect, back even to the remotest antiquity. As the writer herself says, to undertake the record of the Life of Wedgewood without the possession beforehand of a practical knowledge of pottery, would be equivalent to penning the life of one of the great composers without a previous knowledge of music, or of one of the great painters without a prior familiarity with the mysteries of the graphic art. As the Historian of the Art of Pottery—for in very truth such she may henceforth authoritatively assume to be—as the celebrant of the genius of Josiah Wedgwood—in one word, as the biographer of that greatest among all the Potters of England, Miss Meteyard has, happily for herself, for her theme, and for her readers, entered upon the per formance of her appointed task, endowed with all the qualifications requisite for its successful completion. For that task, she has here, in truth, shown herself to have been, from the very outset, peculiarly well qualified. She appears to have had, all along, quite a natural aptitude for it. Beyond this, she seems to have been familiar with the theme from her earliest childhood. Born and nurtured herself in the midst of the localities which are the scene of the story she has had to relate while writing this life of Josiah Wedgwood, she has necessarily enjoyed an intimate acquaintance, alike with the memory and with the productions— with the noble memory and the lovely productions—of the hero of her narrative ! His name and his works, both of them the joint results of his great genius and of his giant industry, are among her very earliest recollections. Familiarity, however, so far• from leading, in this instance, to another illustration of the truth of the old proverb, has conduced, on the con trary, to the enhancement of her admira tion, to the perfecting of her appreciation, at once of the man himself, and of his achievements. Hence, in truth, the eminently satisfactory result of her labours as Wedgwood's Biographer. And to in sure, so far as might be in any way possible, her own yet greater fitness for the task of penning his biography, she appears to have included among her preliminary labours the complete apprehension by her of the inner mysteries of the particular craft in which the Great Potter had won for him- self his radiaht reputation. Following him (how appreciatively !) footstep by footstep, she tracks him through all the more remarkable of his many in dustrial and artistic processes, in the advancement by him of his beloved art of pottery to a pitch of excellence it had, until his time, in some respects, never attained. She carefully and sedulously tracks him, for example, in his search among spars of all kinds, when he was so eagerly in quest of the terra ponderosa, or carbonate of barytes. She notes, in imagination—almost as sympathetically as Wedg wood's wife herself must have been wont to do, when seated beside him at her spinning -wheel in his workshop—one by one, each of his — rarer successes in the way of improvement—such, let us say, by way of illustration, as his perfecting of the jasper body. The authoress, in effect, is throughout so earnestly and strenuously bent upon doing her work efficiently —at once, as the Historian of Pottery and as the Biographer of Wedgwood—that, among her preli minary labours to that two-fold end, we find her actually getting herself initiated into one of the innermost mysteries of the craft, to wit, the fritter ing of the glazes. The result of all this being, that—if we come to view the work now under notice simply as a Treatise upon Pottery—it must be set down at once as a perfect marvel in its way —coming to us, more particularly, as it does, from the hands of a woman, a hand in its every touch and movement, as will be seen, singularly delicate and singularly vigorous. Everything relating to pottery—•from the commonest delft, nay from the veriest potsherd, up to that antique Marvel of the Art, the Portland Vase (the effigy of which is most appropriately emblazoned upon the cover of the noble volume here commented. upon) —everything, even of the smallest interest, relating, either directly or indirectly, to the Art or History of Pottery, will be found to have been here duly recorded and set down in these pages of Miss Meteyard. Her retrospect extends back even to the most primitive achievements in this most ancient of handicrafts ! To productions as formless, one might almost say, as those unshapely vessels, de scribed by Daniel Defoe, as having been manufac tured by Robinson Crusoe in the desert island ! Nay the very implements of the craft—do we not here learn all about them ? The potter's wheel— his lathes, punches, whirlers, gravers, models, moulds, and drying pans I All the essentials of the art, moreover, are here taken carefully into consi deration—body, glaze, form, colour, ornament ! Turn by way of illustration for a moment—merely to that one particular of colour in regard to this same marvellous art of pottery ! And note, then, as you flutter the leaves of the volume while read- ing it, how from one solitary and perhaps dingy, murky tinge, there are revealed to us, here, as they become evolved in the expansion of the potter's wonderful art, all the colours of the ' rain- bow, colours multiplying and contrasting the one with the other in every conceivable combination— green-glazed, red-engined, cream-coloured, dark grey, bluish-black, metallic coloured, vitreous coloured—until the store-rooms of the potteries, awe traverse them own, to becozue at ladt as vaxie. Ships at market, 54; sold, 41. LEEDS BANKING COMPANY.—The payment of the first dividend of Bs. in the pound, under the winding up of the affairs of this company, was commenced yesterday at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, from which hour to the time of closing in the afternoon the bank premises were crowded with creditors. Excellent arrangements had been made by Mr. Turquand, the official liquidator, to prevent over crowding or confusion, each creditor having had a circular sent to him informing him the time, between certain hours, yesterday or to day he might receive the dividend.. Those persons who may not attend at the specified time will be paid at the usual hours-- i. e., from 10 to 3 daily, on and altar to-morrow. gated in hue, let us say, as the flower-beds of the Temple-gardens, in November, when the pompones and the chrysanthemums are in all the glory of full bloom ! The intermediate colouring (so to speak) in particular—alike in the parterres and in the potteries --being, one is tempted to say, about the most mar vellous of all ! Instance this—the cream ware, with its tints varying from those of newly-skimmed cream to a pale sulphur, and so deepening and deepening until it merges into crocus, or saffron, or orange ! From the record here given to us (very succinctly) of British Pottery, in all its varieties and fluctuations, it becomes manifest that it would hardly be any thing of an extravagance to speak of it as an art in some sort indigenous. Among what the authoress takes occasion to designate very aptly " our many nationed race," Pottery reveals itself to us under how many different aspects or phases ! Now Celtic as seen in urns exhumed from the tumuli —now Roman as evidenced in still-dis covered paterae and mortaria—now Saxon as observed in ' those trenchers and pitchers which were often among the spoils of the Vikings —now Norman, as visible in platters and porringers ornately marked with armorial bearings —now Mediaeval or of the period of the Renais sance ! After which last mentioned epoch—with a wide gap or hiatus in between—there follow in due sequence the greatest of the English masters of the art, Wedgwood, and Spode, and Minton, the greatest of them all being Wedgwood, Josiah Wedgwood, the hero of Miss Meteyard's book. How under his direction the art rose and flourished in the second half of the last century, this her record of his Life will be found to relate, as it certainly never before has been related—fully, authoritatively, picturesquely—often with the interest of a ro mance, always with the dignity of a history. In cidentally, moreover, through these same chapters of the life of Wedgwood, there are squandered around us, as it were, to the right hand and to the left—as though, in reading the book, we were traversing a series of galleries littered with the choicest articles of virtu—all the wares of all the potteries of all the ages of all the coun tries of the earth. Mediaeval ware, including each of the five distinct classes of tile-work, some of it gorgeously fretted and arabesqued—Earthenware from all parts of England—Majolica ware— Palissy ware—the Red-ware of Japan—Oriental Porcelain—marbled ware and mottled ware— pewter and Treen ware—Yellow ware, Cauliflower ware, Melon ware, Agate ware, Tortoise-shell ware ! Ware, one might almost say— " Striped like the zebra, freckled like the pard !" Goblets, bowls, services of all kinds, three handled tygs, posset-pots, and mortuary tab lets, masterpieces of the potter's art from the hand of Wedgwood himself—these and mul titudes of others represented in engraved effigies of them meet us at every turn (of the leaf) as we devour the dozen chapters making up this singularly handsome and costly volume—the mere care given to the illustration of which, by the way, reflects the very highest credit upon the publishers, to say nothing of their equally obvious care for the general getting up of the work, more particularly in respect to its typography. Views of the localities and medallion portraits of the celebrities alluded to in the course of the narrative, are plentifully intermingled with the embellishments already mentioned —among these notabilities being numbered, King George Queen Charlotte, the Rev. John Wesley, Dr. Priestley, Brindley the Engineer, Mrs. Bar bauld, Dr. Aikin, besides which, as the frontispiece to the volume, we have a very fine engraving from the original portrait of Josiah Wedgwood himself. As a fitting preliminary to the relation of his his tory,' our authoress, it should be observed, more over, gives a highly interesting account of Wedg wood's progenitors, as well as of others among the famous Potters of Staffordshire, the Mayers of Norton, for example, and the Burslems of Dale Hall. The true interest of the narrative, however, begins only when we come to the record of the birth —at Burslem, in Staffordshire the birth, there, to Thomas Wedgwood and Mary, his wife —of the youngest of a very numerous family early in the July of 1730 —to wit, JOSIAH WEDGWOOD ! Then, in truth, the charm of the book fairly " sets in " upon the reader I The commencement thus of the genuine interest of the story may, in point of fact, be in dicated to the very page—beginning as that inte- rest seems to us to do in real earnest with the de scription of the old house-place at Burslem, at p. 201 with its ponderous settle beside the fire,. its leather covered easy-chair, its shelved dresser, its clock, and tables, and—aloft there—hooked to the beams in the ceiling, the great oak-made cratch for bacon ! From that point in her narrative we are Miss Meteyard's most obedient ! We " needs must hear" —she " hath her will"—as quietly but as securely as ever had the Ancient Mariner in the ballad of Coleridge. From the holiday visits paid by Josiah Wedgwood, when a child, to old Mrs. Egerton, at the Overhouse—we follow the hero of the story to the dame's school where he gets his first taste of knowledge (hardly a Pierian spring can we call it), before wending his way as h e d oes _ _ later on, day after day, across the meadows to Blunt's academy at Newcastle-under-Lyme. There it is that we note the first evidence of the boy's ingenuity when, with a pair of scissors and paper, he cuts out, to the delight of his school-fellows, a fleet at sea, an army at combat, a house and gar den, a whole pot-work—sticking the cuttings after wards along the entire length of the sloping desks of the school-room, to the amazement alike o: scholars and of schoolmaster. His real education and the same may be said with regard to all men of eminence, appears to have been his Self education--when, striken down by severe illness, he fastened upon every book he could lay his hands upon, during the otherwise weary interval of a long convalescence. His " real precursor" as a pot ter, Miss Meteyard tells us, was Samuel Astbury— one of whom it is recorded that he won his knowledge of the mysteries of the potter's art by a wonderful impersonation (some say during a period of no less - - than two years, but our authoress regards that as an exaggeration) by a wonderful impersonation of utter idiotcy—an idiotcy assumed by him so as to enable him to discover the secrets of the Brothers Elers, certain German potters 'who were famous in their day for the manufacture of Elers' ware at Chelsea. An incident, this, it will surely be allowed, sufficiently indicative of it- self that the annals of pottery are marked with touches of truly romantic interest. Wedgwood's own great career as a potter may be said to have dated from somewhere about the spring of 1759. Then it was that he began to apply himself - - - in earnest to the development of the four great essential of his art, body, glaze, form, and ornament. Three years after the date last mentioned, namely, in 1762, he was introduced to the great friendof his life, Thomasßentley the mer chant of Liverpool. Scarcely two years afterwards, on the 25th of January, 1764, Josiah married— his wife, Sarah, being one who proved to him in fact, 'and not merely in name, a veritable help mate. And so we are brought down here to the close of this first of the two volumes into which Miss Meteyard's Life of Wedgwood is portioned out-- among the latest facts recorded in this first volume being one that may be said to have marked a very turning-point in the e artistic and industrial career of the Great Potter, namely, that of his happening to light upon the work par excellence upon the Lathe —that open sesanze to all the Mysteries of the Beautiful in the Art of Pottery—Plumier's " L'Art de Tourner." From that seemingly chance-reading, came forth, Ln point of fact, the full ripening of Wedgwood's genius, the perfection of his art, the revelation of his exquisite taste, the establishment of his great re- putation. Great as that reputation may be consi dered to have been, however, before the publication of this Life of The Master-Potter, it can hardly be deemed to have attained its full developement until now—when the seal may be said to have been at last put to the credentials of his fame by the hand of Eliza Meteyard 1 Credentials formally attested—(it can hardly be pronounced extravagant our so expressing the fact)--on the 26th of October, 1863, in a celebrated speech delivered at Bursiem—by the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, to whom, by the way, this really superb work is, we observe, most appropriately inscribed. hurt HER MAJESTY. OSBORNE, April 24. The Queen drove out this morning in the grounds. The Royal Family also took their usual exercise. The Earl and Countess of Malmesbury come to town this week from Heron Court, near Christchurch, Hants. The Earl and Countess of Derby, who have been staying a few days at Tunbridge Wells, came to town yesterday. The Earl and Countess Spencer intend to come to Spencer House, St. James's, on the 2d proximo, from Althorpe Hall, Northamptonshire. The Marquis of Tweeddale has engaged the Countess (Dowager) Poulett's houso in Hanover-squar e whilst her ladyship is residing in Paris. THE CRYSTAL PALACE The Approach of the New Season, If May Day is no longer celebrated by rura l sports and dances round the Maypole —it is at least marked for Londoners by one most exhilarating festivity, the commencement annually of a new season in the People's Palace and Garden down at. Sydenham. Astronomically viewed, the year begins on the 20th of March, when the sun enters upon his annual round of the zodiac at the sign of Aries. Conventionally, since the Gregorian Calendar was accepted by the nations of Christendom, the year begins upon the Ist of January. Financially, the year opens , three months later. By P ar li ame nt it has come to be inaugurated, intermediately, in the first week or so of February. But—taking a hint • (as it happens very delightfully) from the fashionable world of London, from the Belgravians and Tyburnians, the Upper Ten Thoi.sand, the creme de la creme, the saunterers down Rotten- Row, the loiterers round the Ring—the crystal Palace Company, yonder in their lovely haunt at, Sydenham, wisely begin their year, their season, their annual round of festivities, upon no other dal than May Day. Their new year, their Twelfth Season begins, in this way, therefore, on Mon day next, the Ist of May, 1865. Between the first of May and the 30th of April, that Annual Season . Ticket, that Guinea Ticket, runs (saving only , alas ! that it should be so, upon Sundays) un interruptedly throughout the whole twelve . month. It is—we do quite seriously believe, everything considered, and beyond a moment's doubt of it—the most wonderful guinea's worth anywhere procurable—this Season Ticket to the Crystal Palace. It is for the Londoner very muc h what the Ring or the Lamp was to Aladdin in the old Arabian story. Finger it ! and see what it does not—that substitute for Aladdin's Ring or LaniP , the Guinea Season Ticket to the Crystal Palace admit us to, us Londoners ! To a Fairy Palace of gigantic dimensions and of exquisite beauty, to begin ! To a Fairy Palace, moreover, that is reared in the midst of a Fairy Garden of its own —th e Garden itself surrounded in turn by a radiant stretch of the green country-side ! Within the Crystal Palace —specimens of all the wonders, or at the least of the very pick of all the wonders gathered together from all the countries and peoples under th e sun. Not a mere gewgaw bazaar, either, is this astonishing accumulation of curious, wonderful, beautiful, or interesting objects, objects illustrativ e of the ingenuity or of the genius of the human race —it is not, in other words, so much mere lath and plaster, veneer and tinsel. Take, as affording instant evidence of this, take but the nierest glance at some of th 4 contents of merely one e' the departments of that veritable Microcosm , th ! Crystal Palace as it no w i s ! T urn i ng into tn' French Court, for example—look for a few seconds at the display now on view there of Chinese jewels, spoils from the Summer Palace of Pekin ! Booty gained by that happy-go-lucky Captain in the French army, M. de Negroni, who commanded in the regiment which sacked that same Palace of the Chinese Emperors. We should hardly mind by the way being, for once, given the sack (thus) ourselves ! What do we see there in that one department alone now actually on view in the Crystal Palace ? Pinchbeck ? Glass beads ? Shagreen ? Tin foil ? Well—instead of that —among - other trifles in the way of jewellery, a couple of Diamonds, 50 carats each, each worth £15,0 00 sterling ! A Sapphire, two inches and a half in diameter, weighing 742 carats, valued at (a wer e bagatelle!) about £166,000! And so on in regard to other baubles littered about, there--a single Ruby , weighing 24 carats, Emeralds like lumps of green light, and precious stones of various other kinds Of similar splendour in the way both of lustre an d of dimensions. Apart fro m th ese ki n d 0 ' show-marvels, however, there are there, under the crystal roof of the Palace, prominently visible among the multitude of its decorations- - What ? Well, in regard Statuary—copies of all the rarest Masterpieces of modern times and of anti quity ! In respect to Music—the hugest Orchestra in the World—one of the noblest Organs—and an accumulation each season (take this one. as an in stance!) of all the most rarely-gifted performers that can be gathered together from both the Opera' Houses .and elsewhere, Patti and Titjiens, Mario and Giuglini, Santley and Ronconi, with a radiant catalogue of other renowned artistes. Out of doors—glancing into the gardens—the Fountain° , there, are the very largest ever constructed, fax beyond the Great Waters of St. Cloud and Ira" sailles. Within the building—turning back again for a saunter, let us say, down the Mantl" facturing Court—one may see any day there, in a single afternoon, in action, the various pre" ceases of pin making, needle making, silk vreaP: ing, wood turning, medal striking, and so forth I It were needless, however, to attempt anything like a succinct narrative of what the visitor may see, if he cares to make use of his eyes, in this department or in that department, to the right hand or to the left, upstairs or downstairs, in that marvellous world of wonders, put, as such wonders ought to be, proverbially, under a glass case—here, as it happens, under that most wonderful of all glass cases, tho glass case of the Crystal Palace ! Londoners are, year by year, getting to be more and more familiar with the glory and the beauty of it. And they ar e now likely, thanks to the early prospect of the WO Level Station being opened opposite the front of the Centre Transept, they are now likely to be more rapidly than ever brought into daily communic 3 " tion withthis the favourite haunt, already, of the great mass of intelligent Londoners ! So that the attractions of the Season Ticket, of the Guinea Ticket for the whole year, to the Crystal Palace , are fast multiplying —are, indeed, becoming so very' obvious, at last, that what was recently looked upol l as a luxury is beginning to be viewed rather the light of a delightful necessity. There iB now no conceivable reason why every well-to-do household in this vast city of ours, peopled by three millions of inhabitants, should not, for mere health e sake, for health alike of mind and body, have season ticket of its own to that Sans Souci of the People, the Crystal Palace and the Crystal Palac e Gardens, down y on d er i n t h at l ovely ne i g hb our hood of Anerley, Penge, and Sydenham. VICTORIA , 4„ 1 LABOUR-MARKET.—The number cu. migrants who arrived by sea in Victoria during the met of January last w as 2,819, o f w h om 1 , 092 were f rom the United Kingdom. The departures from Melbourne duri' 4 the month were 2,036 persons. The rates of wages in the colony were from £3O per annum for single farm labour er to £6O for married labourers without children, and 1 00 £l5 for nursemaids to £35 for cooks. The number a 3111- migrants remaining at the Government depot in Mello ll.llo on the 18th of January was 33. The Town Council of Rochdale held a sPe c +b meeting on Saturday, to pass a vote of condolence with - widow of their late member. It was stated that the e l , e r tion had prevented this step being taken at an ea t in g period, but the speeches which were made at the me et a s showed how sincerely the memory of Mr. Cobden w revered in the borough. The THE IRISH REPRESENTATIVE PEERAGE. se a election of a representative peer to fill the vacancy ct"l iire by the death of the Earl of Desart has commenced• rant understand that two candidates a r e in the field—V,_jel a - r1 Gort, representing the Conservative interest ; and tlL ° ,, ai re of Listowel, the Whig interest. Th e l as t ten electionsce passed off without a contest, none having taken place 5,!",4 Lord Talbot de Malahido ' s u nsuccess f u l contest with I A Bangor.^. - 1)14/in Evening and It field. 111( The to-day Capital Ilegoti ti ons hay, I bur cr eme , colo n fair d e °f bt u f°ll4ei an . aye exr, ens, 10 be ; ne w sh t ° £l7 forwar Mr. cial liq The Stock ] The I Passed t Resol• the sett] Pany. Resol allotmer unsatist The tPPoini New to be Tr The o f Indi nlereial th e yea PaYtnei holde n dend ar for the capi tal cent, p fund shares At tel egra /lat. THE SUN, LOrWOIi, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 25, 1865.