The Sun. — London, England, 1866-04-07 00:00:00

Paganism Petrified. The following beautifully written and impressive article, entitled " Christianity and the New Dis coveries at Pompeii," is transcribed with acknow ledgment from the Morning Herald of Thursday The last reports from the excavations at Pompeii tell us that its inhabitants were making a jest of our Christianity, and caricaturing on their walls its chief doctrine of a cru cified God at the moment Vesuvius was heaving with the fiery flood that was to submerge for a thousand years the city of so many graceful fanes and palaces. At this dis tance of time, and with our different experience of Chris tianity, the memorials are curious beyond any that have undergone this strange experience of long loss and won derful preservation, and so far offer the interest of perhaps the best of our historical lessons. _ . What vast changes —many joyous, many how sad ! have taken place i n Ch r i st i an i ty s i nce the Sabine gentle men were thus o ccupy i ng even tf u l moments ridiculing it on the walls of the Edile's palace ! The Apostle we place in the honou r th ey gave a Theseus was no more to them— if he touched there in his way from Rhe g ium to Pateo rl— " the babbler setting forth strange doctrines" hewas called a little while before at Athens. There was smash suspicion among their philoeophers, Stoic or Epicurean, " that the certain strange notions" which he was preach ing formed the birth of a new civilisation—the most im portant event in the history of the world. The Pompeiian admirers of the hero who founded their city guessed not that the Christianity which was to them no more than a jest was the true Hercules strangling serpents in his cradle, and that the world was to owe to it a far more inte resting era than any attributed to their demi-gods. If the practical demonstration we have of the religion shows so much that is vague as to its how, its where, its what, and its whither, what standpoint, what data, what ana logies had they for a conclusion about what then must have seemed nearly to everybody an unknown quantity, an nndetermiued riddle, an incomprehensible novelty ? Even twenty years later the enlightenment of Trajan and his Prime Minister Pliny would see nothing in the " superstition," as they called it, but its refusal to pay that divine homage to the Emperor they were the first to laugh at themselves. In the next reign the to lerant Adrian, writing from its stronghold, Alexandria, took up much the same position, and wished the Consulatßome to believe that Christianity was a philosophical vagary of no political importance, the amusement of a certain set of mathematical, soothsaying, and gymnastic empirics, who hardly knew whether the God they followed was the Chris tus of the Israelites or the Serapis of the Egyptians. "Na zarenes, Samaritans, or Jews," they were all much alike ; and the only thing that gave concern to the astute Impe rater was to find that the profundity of their idea of a Su preme Being was so unworthily imagined in their morals. But in the year 79 of our era—only 40 years after Christ's death—how was it in that sacerdotal Alexandria which formed the most beautiful watering place in old Italy ? As we descend through the causeway opened to us by a mo dern pickaxe, and survey the city as it lies before us em balmed as in amber, rich in its rarities, but not less won derful that it is there, it costs little effort of fancy to recall it as it then stood, under a blue sky, in beautiful sunshine, full of a lazy life of Paganism, and pictare it on the day when merry amateurs were scoring on one part of the palace of Pansa humorous abuse against the new creed, and some sedate artist—won to it, it may be, by the per suasiveness of one of the first apostles—was concurrently sculpturing in another part of the house the devotional cross that remains unfinished to this hour. But how recall the conceptions they formed of the newpuzzle which, even with our commonplace associations, has so many difficul ties beyond our solution ? How utterly incomprehensible must have seemed to their polytheistic levity the scheme of a crucified Jew dissolving as in a vision the gorgeous fabric of a mythology that had lasted a thousand years, and slowly drawing to himself whntever was great or aw ful in the attributes of its divinities? How were they to believe that the young carpenter, who had just ended a career of a few months in Judea passed too chiefly among fishermen was to displace the whole Pantheon, and henceforth have altars smoking to his honour and priests chanting to his glory in every land the sun shines upon ? Here near by at his door, solicitous for the gossip which forms the chief joy of his life, stands the barber, who has ornamented the front of his shop with a placard appealing to the Edile for the honour or his patronage. His compendious idea of a Christian is that of an eccentric person he saw last Saturday, given up naked to fight with the lions in the am phitheatre, and whose profession of faith, which they can not subdue, is held to wage war with those refinements of luxury on which his successes depend. He believes the popular calumnies—is sure these atheists burnt down Rome under Nero has some suspicions that they caused the earthquake which shook his house and overturned his neighbours' some 13 years before—and is quite sure that neither gods nor goddesses will have a word to say to their worshippers till these offscourings of mankind—the special enemies of his business—are either devoured in the amphitheatre or cut asunder in the forum. How little it could have occurred to him that those who felt so little in terest in the cleverness with which he could frizz a fine lady's hair to the altitude of a Cybele tower would one day have cities of their own richer than Rome, and a thousand degrees larger than Pompeii, where the luxuries of its Sylwrrto 2,,,,z,es would aevaa eec somi-ctvifisecf as against the higher refinements of their own. A higher instance. The handsome priest of Jupiter, who forms the chief object of admiration amid the many which help to make that shelving beach one of the lcveliest scenes in the world ; what are his impressions about the obscure influence that is one day to be the master-power of the world ? " Well, what of these Christians?" he asks of the senator and member of the College of Augurs, by his side, who has just arrived from Rome in the fleet that lies moored within sight, and who, devoted to Titus and his politics, is more interested still in the great volume of animated nature on which he is so learned an authority— " What of this medley of renegade Jews, eccentric Greeks, hungry barbarians, and vagabond Romans ? Does anybody at Rome fancy that something good is to come out of such a gang of social supernumeraries ? Are they safer for you, think you, than for us ? We feel them everywhere —we see them nowhere. It is no longer the same thing in the temples. The gods, the altars, the priests, the sacri fices, the prayers are there—but the worship, the people, and the freewill offerings are another affair. The street of the silversmiths complains that there is no business. We are all alike : Venus of Cnidus, and Jupiter—Hercules and and Isis. People ask as much as ever, but there is an un pleasant economy in the expression of their obligations. They seem to fancy that they are conferring favours in accepting our kindness. It is not that we are less, but they seem more. Our precision grows more military as they get more apathetic, but we cannot improve them. Our Jupiter is with us at least once a quarter, and we have more devo tees than ever who have an astonishing success is their prayers. Yet the result is nil. Do I fear for the system, you ask ? Frankly, no. What is there to destroy a fabric that has existed since Italy had a name, and which stands cemented by ten thousand associations of habit among the people, and by a common interest that is increasing every day among ourselves? Certainly not this new-fan led ex travagance of over-righteous J ewsand o va c ga are bo ro nd g Egyptians. Who can believe its d oc t r i nes ? wh Who knows its writer s ? W here are its orator s i tor t s s ? raorals ? Who are its leaders ? What is its organisation ? Wh ere its o friends ? And what is :it that p eop l e want from it?We ere all sacerdocy, as you know, in this favoured nook of Pompeii, and have made it at last the happiest spot in the universe. We encumber ourselves with no more people than may suffice for the services; and if we miscalculate, have not always the resource of a new colony as under Sylla and Augustus ? What want is there that we fail to supply? If Christ cured the sick, as they tell us, are we not doing as much with our Esculapius ? If it was the mis sion of the Galilean to deliver men from slavery, and give high natures an example of preferring . duty to plea sure, and of dying in the cause of duty or a just expiation, what then? If there be such people amongst us—and 1 40, 1 1 3 t—ha ve we not the Greek Apollo devoting himself to the death ?_and and our Hercules—what is our temple to h im but a m emorial of labours carried to the death in the ser vice of mankind? With us men may be easy and just, after I n man ner of Jupiter, h o r bo "(Ins, after the man of Hercules. great and la ri provided the gods ea s y hatever you please, of our Emperor, as toeir nectar. We are like the Venus is our mamm— as to your vices, you wii ? ro n ur virtues, if you have them, not gods enough in our Pantheoot be without them. Have we is the use of aceepting a di , ? Y And if not, what other, and whose ignominious did the wonders of dea Y t ru will tolerate none his life ? And how worship as a h ero ti o n twilll s se rn eru eri c ts ifi L i° a n as a slave is to be thought a suppleme:: god, and whose chief distinction frombeocthoeor founders o with a f re ligion is that the life of a sage is to donee too strong for a savage. How, in this beautiful the cynosure of Italy, tolerate an outlandivirshitiultielifres‘ the spawn of the East, that has no kinship that disdains the arts, and t o w hi c h the beauties g o ra f ces ' temples and the rites of our reli g i on are so many abonaionuar tions ? We have all we want. We share in the mysteries of Greece and Egypt, and are in communion with the priests of all nations. We have an easy faith, no very strin gent discipline ; we have pleasant congregations. We live in the most comfortable of homes, in the most favoured of climates, near the prettiest of streams emptying itself into the sweetest of bays. Our soil is fertile, the sea smooth as a lake. Our cooks good ; our wines beat Chio and Lesbos. What would you more ? The Paradise these Christians speak about we have. Eat and drink for to-morrow you die. " 'Crag i ngens i terabimus (equor. ft Entering the Templ e o f Venus, paganism represented by the priestess would tell us much the same story. " What need of this Christianity ? Are we not happy ? What want we that people may reasonably pray for 1 The gods, the goddesses, the priesthood, the temples, do they nut belong to th em ? W e live but to administer to their fin asures. D estroy Venu s , an d w h ere s h a ll we women d another ? Without her patronage, as well be out of the commonwealth . The shrine we decorate to the .most beautiful of women is most of all a shrine to ourselves. We are deified irk our deity, and wade a gigtorhind our union in her honour ; so great as she is, so great are we. As well ask us to have no Pompeii as ask us to have no Venus, no priestesses, no rites in honour of woman's divinity, and resign our power to a religion which rather than adore a woman finds its only deity in one man— a man, too, who suffered himself to die the death of a slave !" flow great her mistake ! We know now that the in fluence of Roman manners in raising women was weak to that of the benign innovation which the priestess was unable to understand. Building the hygiene of the body on that of the soul it enlisted the sympathy of man to compensate for the weakness of woman by raising the nature it adorned and freeing the violation it ennobled. Christianity had to come into the world to teach us how beautiful woman may be, and make her worthy—rather as a rule than as an exception—to be the mother of saes and heroes. The fact was what neither priest nor priestess, nor worshipper foresaw that the Christ they despised was the greatest of legislators, and that the new system he was offering them united the highest reach of good sense and philosophy with the utmost perfection of religion. They could not see that it held within itself those vital elements of civilisation extinct in all the systems it was to displace, and that its power was at that moment showing itself in that reconstruction of that corrupt empire which Vespasian had upheld to effect, and which—now under beneficent assistance from Titus—was later to win its best successes under Nerve, Trajan, Adrian, and the Antonines. Of all blindness in human judgment, of all childishness in literary criticism, commend us to the blindness and child ishness of the great philosophers of Europe, who about a century ago immortalised themselves by their success in representing Christianity as an old wife's fable, invented without cunning, and palmed on the universe by vulgar imposture. It was the idea in Christianity, which was everything ; that is to say, it was its truth, its purity, its genius, its inborn necessity in the nature of things, that gave it its signal conquest over the sting of sin and the powers of all the kingdoms of this world. At the moment we are speaking of the Christian religion seemed to have nothing in its favour but itself ; and in itself seemed to holdmuchth:htnciil it ht wt n s g b l o r m, eep it a stumbling - blo ck to those among amongst whom it h a d t o be and a foolishness bred. itwaai to those to bea system a extraordinary miracles, but who in an age of in credulity would accept the evidence ? It was known to be a system of morals. But who in an age of unexampled immorality would practise them ? It was held forth as a system of sublime dogmas. But in an epochof secular de cay, who could comprehend them as probable, or believe them as possible? There was no wealth, no numbers, no apparent influence, no visible organisation in its favour, and all the d lle lif an e d of al im l the thought otuegmhptleosf.the Yet peopleitwaws thought anasthias alien, discredited, and incredible system that by some means or other was to become dominant over the whole extent of the Imperial civilisation, although the most extensive, ex alted, richest, most prejudiced, and powerful organisation of the ancient world had first to be subdued and disappear to permit of the conquest ! At the very moment the good easy people and their sacerdotal leaders were amusing themselves with philippics a t the expense of a crucified God, and believing that the worship of their gods and goddesses would endure for ever, a convulsion was under preparation for the moral world far more wonderful than that which was on the eve of submerging the sunny cities of Campania. The gene ration that Christ had spoken of on the eve of his cruci fixion had yet scarcely passed away, yet the religion which that great event was to establish was already everywhere the subject of abuse, no doubt, to the thoughtless many— but the object of a profound love and energetic propaganda to the thoughtful few. The veil of the Pagan temple was no less rent than that of Jerusalem, and tens of thousands —allowed to see the mysteries that had been there hidden from the beginning—felt as some of us when admitted now-a-days to a view of the artificial teeth, false hair, and cogged dice that have been concealed for a thousand years in the domestic sanctuary of some Pompeian Beau Brum mel. The Messiah prophesied from all time had come, the veritable seed of Abraham, and had left behind him the 12 sons who.were to renew under his leadership, as under another Moses, the inheritance of another kingdom of Israel. "The Twelve" had already done the great work that was to entitle them to sit on the many thronei judg ing the twelve tribes. Titus, the Bishop of Crete, Timothy, and the other bishops of the seven cities of Asia Minor, had already their right rev. brethren installed in the chief towns and islands of the Empire, and the work of the Gospel was spreading ; not with less celerity that it was proceeding for the most part silently and in secret. The courtesieswhich a Pontius Pilate, a Festus, a Felix, a King Agrippa, a Princess Bernice, and so many deputies, chief captains of the guard, and centurions, with the members of the house hold of Aristobulus and of the reigning Caesar—all these courtesies to the Great Teacher himself or to his Apostles were only indications of the sympathy with which thenew religion was received by the civil and military element of the Empire. The name of Flavia Domitella, a near kins woman of the reigning Emperor, was already in the mar tyrdom or about to appear in it. The country that had given Rome her ails, her literature, her civilisation, and her gods, was already honeycombed by Christian societies founded by the learned tentmaker and his ever active col leagues; and it is probable that at this time, when an unruf fled calm seemed to have settled on the whole surface of l'a t iv.riatiz, mac there was scarcely a household of emperor, king, or pro-consular authority in the Empire, which was not directly or indirectly reached by the new influence. The interesting memorial of an unfinished cross which we have spoken of as yet standing near the side of the caricatures in abuse of the same symbols, shows that the sword of division prophesied 40 years before had already entered Pompeii, and that father and son, or master and servant, in the most respectable of its mansions, were already in prominent conflict about the value of the new revelation. Rome, the mystic Babylon, whence the priest hood of Satan were pouring on the nations libations of crime and idolatry out of a cup that never emptied, had already been given up " in ono day to death, and mourn ing, and famine, and to be utterly burnt with fire" —some said by the hand of the Monarch, who above all others may be supposed to have " hated her," and to have sought to " make her desolate," and to " eat into her flesh and burn her with fire ;" some affirmed by the leaders of the curious people believing the new faith, and hiding them selves in the dismal catacombs. -This startling fulfilment of a prophecy that had no doubt been noised abroad wide as the Empire, had just been followed by another if pos sible still more remarkable. The sacrilegious city which had dared to lay hands on the Lord of Glory, and give to the infamous death of the cross the man God, who had visited it in mercy, devoting his life to the risk and la bours of redeeming its people to a new era of freedom and greatness ; the sacred city, of the faithless brethren who had received him not, had just been laid flat on the ground, with not one stone left standing on another, and its im pious inhabitants dispersed as slaves under the terrible vengeance marshalled against itby an Emperor who him self was hailed as " the delight of mankind," and who bad appeared against it at the head of legions gathered from every part of that world which less prominent agents were already leavening with a religion which was to save every country but their own. Strange ! " The superstition" which was already going about, conquering and to conquer, and which later won to its faith every other Roman city, never won Pompeii— never won it, because amid the last orgies of vice, and to the music of pipe and tabor, the choicest of the cities of Satan went down bodily into Hades. As strange is it : more than a thousand years later—long after Christianity had become the religion of the state all over Europe—the Old Sorceress reappeared amongst us with much the same aspect and garments as those with which she had disap peared. The wonderful microcosm that enshrined as in a model all the m arve l s of a worship that had degenerated until it was with out soul or life itself ; and priest and priestess, dead now as once living, are found in mute at tendance on deities who, with their fanes and altars, re present a system w hi c h— t h anks to the Crucifixion it ridi culed—is no more a part of the world we live in than we of the world submerged under Noah. " ACROSS TEE CONTINENT." From a notice of Across the Continent : A Sum mer's Journey to the Rocky Mountains, the Mor mons, and the Pacific States, with Speaker Colfax. By SAMUEL BOWLES, in the new number of the Anglo-American, we take the subjoined:— Dr. Livingstone has written of equatorial Africa; Captain Speke of the Nile ; Mr. Cameron of the Eastern Archipelago ; and Madame Pfceffer of a voyage round the world ; but no author, either English or foreign, has ever produced a book of travel of more absorbing interest than that now be fore us. Mr. Bowles is the editor of a well-known Massachusetts newspaper. He accompanied Mr. Colfax, andto the Speaker of the United States Congress, a small party of public men in America, on a tour across from the Atlantic to the ac ifi'e, and in this work of 450 pages he gives his experiences of the trip. The book is certainly a re markable boundless recio s n lis of rem p ar . insight it give— kable not only ' for the clear that immense and almost charming easetraversed by the writer, but for the Republic, bu g t of tells his story. ' grace, and fluency with which he We knew somethin the greatness of the acknowledge that -we American never expaienced so Profoundwe that th wealth, and the we have done grlimanitdeddersesotinuryceosf, e undle as since reading this work. who desire to know more of their own country, all Americans as all Englishmen who wish clear country, as well information re garding America, to peruse it. But as i t may come within the reach of all our readers , not h°cownetray4 a vasi Sense °I the nn grand we propose to give a few extracts from its pages. A ride by rail from London to At derdeen, in pept land, is considered by Englishmen a rather " good ish stretch ;" but Mr. Bowles booked at Boston, and travelled by rail due west as far as from London to Aberdeen, and from Aberdeen back to London, and from London to Aberdeen a second time, and then when he got out of the railway carriage at Atchison, Kansas, to stretch his legs and see if he hadn't got pretty near to the region where the sun sleeps o' nights, he found his westward journey had scarcely commenced, and that he had before him a nice little coach ride of some five times the distance from London to Aberdeen, and then another long railway journey — go i ng a ll t h e t i me d ue we st, and never once passi ng beyond the limits of that Repub lic over which the " banner of the stars" extends its broad shield of protection, and its promise of uni versal liberty. Well, now, we ask our English friends in all sin cerity, and with no desire to " draw the long bow," to think for a moment of America as described by Mr. Bowles. Leaving Boston, he travelled west two hundred miles, and there found a city of a mil lion inhabitants, and a commerce superior to any on this earth, except London and Liverpool. He tra velled west five hundred miles further, passing large and populous cities every twenty or thirty miles, till he came to the great lakes and the city of Buffalo, which boasts a single street longer and more elegant than the whole line from the Marble Arch to St. Paul's. Then he went west nearly a thousand miles further, and found a spot which, thirty-five years ago, contained one solitary cabin, but now, changing as if by enchantment, boasts a population of two hundred thousand,' streets miles in length, lined on either side with marble and brown-stone palaces, an immense and diversified industry, and a grain trade greater than that of London itself ! He saw mountains which were kings to the Alps, rivers with their branches navigable inland for seven thousand miles, prairie meadows a hundred miles broad, farms as big as all England, auriferous hills that turn out gold and silver by millions every year ! Just think of it ! New York, Penn sylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Colo rado, Utah, Nevada, California—ten empires, each greater in territorial extent than Great Britain, each lying on his line of route due west, and each and all only a portion—and comparatively a small portion--of that splendid heritage which the Good Father has given to the common work ing -men of the New World ! Truly, indeed, says our author : " How this Republic, saved, reunited, bound together as never before, expands under such per sonal passage and footstep tread ; how magnificent its domain ; how far-reaching and uprising its material, moral, and political possibilities and promises !" Mr. Bowles writes earnestly and truthfully, but also poetically. Here is a beautiful description of the plains of Nebraska : "It is too early yet for many of the prairie flowers ; but the rich, fresh green of the grass satis fies the eye. Scattered through it we catch fre quent glimpses of the prairie hen, multiplying for the hunter's harvest in November ; from its bare, last year's stalks floats out the liquid music of the larks ; the plover, paired as in Paradise, never divorced even in this western coun try of easy virtue and cheap legislation, bob up and down their long necks, or flutter their wide wings in flight at every rod ; little blackbirds accompany you in great shoals ; a lean, hungry looking wolf steals along at a distance with one eye on you, and the other on the carcase of a horse or ox s dropped in sickness or fatigue from some passing train ; away off near the horizon scamper most daintily and provokingly a half-dozen ante lopes—too near for restless palates, too far for wait ing rifles ; and over all and illuminating all floats an atmosphere so pure, so rare, so ethereal, as pic tures every object with a pre-Raphaelite distinct ness, makes distant things appear near, and sends the horizon far away in an unbounded stretch of slightly rounding green earth." " But I omit one great feature in the constant landscape—the long trains of waggons and carts, with their teams of mules and oxen, passing to and fro on the road, going in empty, coming out laden with corn for man and beast, with machinery for the mining regions, with clothing, food, and luxu ries for the accumulating populations of Colorado, Utah, and Montana—for all these territories and the intermediate populations draw their supplies from this quarter, and not from the California shore. The waggons are covered with white cloth ; each is drawn by four to six pairs of mules or oxen; and the trains of them stretch frequently from one-quarter to one-third of a mile each_ A. the : - mo,-., aic nr in the distance they remind one of the caravans de scribed in the Bible and other Eastern books. Turned out of the road on the green prairie, for afternoon rest or a night's repose, the waggons drawn around in a circle, as a sort of barricade against Indians or protection against storm, and the animals turned loose to feed, and wandering over the rounding prairie for a mile- 6 cattle upon a thousand hills ; at night their camp fires burning ; —in any position, or under any aspect, they pre sent a picture most unique and impressive indeed." And here is something about the Rocky Moun tains : "How the mind runs back to one's youthful, vague, mythical knowledge of the Rocky Moun tains in their actual presence ! How difficult to realise that, whereas, twenty years ago, they and their location and character and the region about them were almost unknown, now, two weeks from home, I am sporting familiarly under their shadows, following tediously up their sides, galloping in the saddle around their summits, drinking from their streams, playing snow-ball in June with their im perishable snow banks, descending into their very bowels, and finding companionship and society as various and as cultured and as organised as in New England ; cities of thousands of inhabitants, not only at their base, but away up in their narrow valleys, eight and nine thousand feet above the sea level ! All this seems dream-like, yet weary head, and sore feet, and stern statistics testify to the reality." Some of the peaks near the city of Denver rise to a height of upwards of 15,000 feet. And these are not mere mountains of granite, but actually mountains of gold and silver : gg This whole vast range of mountains, that divides our continent, seems indeed crowded with veins of rich mineral ore. They run into and through the hill-sides as the bars of a gridiron— every hundred feet, every fifty feet, every twenty feet. There is no end to them in number ; there is no apparent limit to their depth ; one hundred feet, three hundred feet, and four hundred feet have the miners sunk shafts, and did we descend, but the veins of ore hold their course and their rich ness undiminished, oftenest enlarged." THE SON, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 7, 1866. besides most excellent strawberries and green p eas , and the mostpromising orchardsof apricots, peaches, plums, and apples that these eyes ever beheld any where." THE MORMONS. Mr. Bowles and his party spent a week among the Mormons at Salt Lake. lle describes their city as a terrestrial paradise. lie does not' marvel that they think they are a chosen people ; " that they have been blessed of GOD not only in the selection of their home, which consists of the richest region, in all the elements of a State, between the Mississippi valley and the Pacific shore, but in the great success that has attended their labours, and developed here the most independent and self-sustaining industry that the western half of the Continent witnesses. Surely great worldly wisdom has presided over their settlement and organisation ; there have been tact and statesman ship in the leaders ; there have been industry, frugality and integrity in the people ; or one could not witness such, progress, such wealth, such varied triumphs roesfenint themselves." Early ds , ingenuity and endurance, as " sun-up" one bright Sunday morning brought our travellers into Utah. They were en tertained at a station before reaching the capital by a Mormon bishop with four wives, who gave them bitters and breakfast, with green peas and strawber ries. After breakfast his saintship left wife number one at home, and took his guests out on a parochial visit to the other three, who were located in the neighbourhood. The city of Salt Lake is regularly and handsomely laid out, with many fine buildings, and filled with thick gardens of trees and flowers that give it a fairy like aspect. "No internal city of the Continent lies in such a field of beauty, unites such rich and rare elements of nature's formations, and holds such guarantees of material and social greatness." Mr. Bowles says that the Mormons-- "Wish us to know that they are not monsters and reurderers, but men of intelligence, virtue, good majmers, and fine tastes. They put their polygamy on i t igh moral and religious grounds ; and for the rest, anyhow, are not willing to be thought other wise gt t a ha d n ea o l of our peers.true anAdndgocertainly n 'e do find here and a social culture ; a great deal of business intelligence and. actiyity ; a great deal of generous hospitality— BRIGFIAM YOUNG The President and High Priest of the Mormons is thus described : " He is a very hale and hearty-looking man, young for sixty-four, with a light grey eye, cold and un certain, a mouth and chin betraying a great and determined will—handsome perhaps as to presence and features, but repellent in atmosphere and with out magnetism. In conversation, he is cool and quiet in manner, but suggestive in expression ; has strong and original ideas, but uses bad grammar. He was rather formal, but courteous, and at the last affected frankness and freedom, if he felt it not. To his followers, I observed he was master of that pro found art of eastern politicians, which consists in putting the arm affectionately around, them, and tenderly inquiring for health of selves and families ; and when his eye did sparkle and his lips soften, it was with most cheering, though not warming, effect —it was pleasant, but did not melt you." Brigham's home occupies a full " square" of the city. Within one enclosure are dwellings for all his wives, a school-house for his fifty children, extensive stables, a flour mill, a carpenter's shop, &c. &c. He owns a magnificent theatre, equal in architectural beauty and splendour of construction to any of the opera houses of New York, Philadelphia, or Boston. The actors and actresses are all amateurs, and all the lady performers were daughters of Brigham himself. His daughters—fifteen or twenty in number, and all sprightly, handsome, young ladies—performed in a ballet, " which was most enchantingly rendered, and with great scenic effect." POLYGAMY. We are glad to see that Mr. Bowles' experiences of polygamy among the Mormons is just what we should expect. • " The result of the whole experience has been to increase my appreciation of the value of their ma terial progress and development to the nation ; to evoke congratulations to them and to the country for the wealth they have created, and the order, fru gality, morality, and industry that have been orga nised in this remote spot in our Continent; to excite wonder at the perfection and power of their church system, the extent of its ramifications, the sweep of its influence ; and to enlarge my respect for the personal sincerity and character of many of the leaders in the organisation ; also, and on the other hand, to deepen my disgust at their polygamy, and strengthen my convictions of its barbaric and de grading influences. They have tried it and prac tised it under the most favourable circumstances, perhaps under the mildest form possible ; but, now as before, here as elsewhere, it tends to and means only the degradation of woman. By it, and under it, she becomes simply the servant and serf, not the companion and equal of man ; and the inevitable influence of this upon all society need not be de picted." There are doubtless some " lazy louts" in indus trious England who will like this picture : " In many cases the Mormon wives not only sup port themselves and their children, but help to sup port their husbands. Thus a clerk or other man, with similar limited income, who has yielded to the fascinations and desires of three or four women, and married them all, makes his home with number one, perhaps, and the rest live apart, each by herself, taking in sewing or washing, or engaging in other employment, to keep up her establishment and be no charge to her husband. lie comes around, once in a while, to make her a visit, and then she sets out an extra table and spends all her accumulated earnings to make him as comfortable and herself as charmin g as possible, so that her fraction of the dear sainted man may be multiplied as much as possible. Thus the fellow, if he is lazy and has turned his piety to the good account of getting smart wives, may really board around continually, and live in clover, at no personal expense but his own clothing. Is not this a divine institution, indeed ?" Our space is already more than exhausted, and yet we have reached only the 130th / page of Mr. BOWLES' admirable volume. Let us take him at a jump from Salt Lake to San Francisco, and then hear what he says " Across the Continent ! The Great Ride is finished. Fifteen hundred miles of railroad, two thousand of staging, again sixty miles of railway, and then one hundred and fifty miles by steamboat down the Sacramento River, and the goal is reached, the Continent is spanned. Seven weeks of steady journeying, within hail of a single parallel line from east to west, and still the Republic ! Still the old flag—the town is gay with its beauty to-day—still the same Fourth of July ; better than all, still the same people, with hearts aglow with the same loyalty and pride in the American Union, and the same purpose and the same faith for its future. " Greater the wonder grows at the extent of the Republic ; but larger still our wonder at the myste rious but unmistakable homogeneity of its people. San Francisco, looking westward to the Orient for greatness, cooling its summer heats with Pacific breezes, thinks the same thoughts, breathes the same patriotism, burns with the same desires that inspire New York and Boston, whose out-look is eastward, and which seem to borrow their civilisa tion with their commerce from Europe. Sacra mento talks as you do in Springfield ; Nevada, over the mountains, almost out of the world, anti , cipates New England in her judgments, and makes up her verdict, while those close to the " Hub of the Universe" are looking over the testimony. " It is this that is the greatest thing about our country ; that makes it the wonder of nations, the marvel of history—the unity of its people in ideas and purpose ; their quick assimilation of all emi gration—come it so far or so various ; their simul taneous and similar currents of thought, their spon taneous, concurrent formation and utterance of a united Public Opinion. This is more than extent of territory, more than wealth of resource, more than beauty of landscape, more than variety of cli mate and productions, more than marvellous mate rial development, more than cosmopolitan popula tions, because it exists in spite of them, and con quers theni all by its subtle electricity." The " Fertile Belt" of British America. From a review of a bulky pamphlet entitled What shall we do with the Hudson's Bay Territory? Colonize the " Fertile Belt," which contains Forty Millions of Acres. By Thomas Rawlings, F.R.G.5.,. author of " America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific," in the Anglo-American, we take the following : The Hudson's Bay Company owns one of the finest as well as one of the most extensive territories in the world. The immense region from Labrador to the Pacific, north and west of Canada, has been cursed for many years with a Government whose policy has been not only to discourage, but actually to forbid, colonisation and settlement. For the miserable trade in skins, this tne region,..capable of providing a farm for every man in England, has been hermetically sealed to the world. And yet there are more than forty millions of acres of rich land awaiting. the settler, where. grain and wheat thrive with the minimum of cultivation, and where happy and prosperous homes could be provided for all the surplus population . which. €treat Britain could send abroad for a hundred decades to come. In the work before us Mr. Rawlings' notes sound like the notes of a trumpet. He goes into his task with allthe earnestness of onewho feels that failure is disaster, and success salvation. He writes not like an Englishman in his ordinary mood, but like an Englishman aroused. You can trace in every line an enlarged patriotism, a thorough and unmistak able loyalty to the best interests of iis country, and an impatience, amounting almcet 10 rage, that those interests are imperilled. Progress," he cries. Kick away the carcase of that effete system which has so long opposed British interests in the New World, and make room for the advancing tread of civilisation. What ! sell the liaison's Bay Territory to Canada ? As well sell all Europe to Great Britain, or all Great Britain to the Isle of .Skye ! Mr. Rawlings proves that the Hudson's Bay Territory is all that he claims for it, a nO that Eng land cannot hold its own on th e American Con tinent unless it shall immedi a t e ly opea up this region to settlement. He says : " It is, in my opinion, of great importance to Eng land to hold its own on the Ameri can continent, for I have ever thought that the rivalry fowing from the juxtaposition of the two great ni e tibers of the Anglo-Saxon family is most beneficial and conducive to the best interests of progress threugbout the world. Indeed, I have studied that rifilry ; there was first the rivalry of ships on Lake 00ario, then of steamboats on that lake and on Lake rie ; again there was, on the American side, the rivalry of canals, from the Hudson River to the lakes, and from Lake Champlain to the St. Lawreme, and on the Canadian side the rivalry of the iintrovements of the St. Lawrence navigation and of the Welland Canal, for avoiding the Niagara Falls 4 another time, and in Canada, too, there have been rival trades with China and Japan, with England, ocean steamers to supplant those of Inman and Cunard, agricultural and other exhibitions, and the Recipro city Treaty, under which the United States tried its best to over-reach Canada, and Canada tried its best to over-reach the United States. Further west there have been rivalries also, but the sparseness of the population, and the comparative insignificance of the interests involved, have not given to them great prominence. Latterly, in the Far West, the United States have taken the lead—have, in fact, left British America behind in the generous race that has been maintained ever since the close of the war of 1812. Some Americans are constructing the North Pacific Railroad from St. Paul to the Columbia. The United States are constructing the Union Pacific Railroad from Kansas city to Sacra mento city and San Francisco. British America, recreant to its traditions, to its character, its inte rests, and the interests of Great Britain, is keeping quiet and cool. It has become distrustful of its power and destiny ; it has ceased to be acted on by the example of its neighbour, and by-and-bye, unless something is done, its neighbour will cease to be acted upon by the wholesome stimulus of spirited and intelligent competition." Regarding the ridiculous proposition to sell the territory in question to Canada, our author says : " Let Canada make the most of the country it possesses, and let public opinion rouse the Hudson's Bay Company to the discharge of their public duty. For two hundred years have the Hudson's Bay Com pany caught vermin for their skins, and it would be intolerable were they suffered to close a huckster's bargain with Canada for £1,000,000, or for any price, when the effect of handing over the country to Canada would be to add to the dead weight al ready borne by that province, and in effect to close the Hudson's Bay territory against the world for probably two centuries to come." The " Fertile Belt" is thus described : " The area of this remarkable strip of rich soil and pasturage is about 40,000,000 acres. It was formerly a wooded country, but by successive fires it has been partially cleared of its forest growth, but abounds with the most luxuriant herbage, and generally possesses a deep rich soil of vegetable mould. The winter of this region is not more severe than that of Lower Canada. The snow is never very deep, and in the wildest tracts the natural pasture is so abundant that horses and cattle may be left to obtain their own food during the greater part of the winter. It is a broad agricultural region, capable of sustaining many millions of people, and abundantly supplied with iron ore, and an inferior variety of coal, and as it spans the 800 miles which separate Lake Winnipeg from the Rocky Mountains, it more than compensates for the timbered desert between the Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior. The whole of the ' Fertile Belt' is well fitted for settlement and agricultural colonisation. All common cereals and green crops have been grown successfully at the different posts of the Hudson's Bay Company within the district." For obvious reasons our quotations from this most excellent brochure must be brief. But we cannot close its pages without transcribing this passage, wherein Mr. Rawlings speaks of the lethargy of England regarding its interests on the American Continent : " We must not, we cannot permit this suicidal lethargy to continue ; we should appeal to the country, to the Parliament, to the Government. Agitate ! agitate ! agitate ! as the supporters of re form are doing, and you will compel action. Can the great commercial world look on in silence, when they see this continued dilatoriness? We answer emphatically, No ! Beyond lies the Pacific, with all its auriferous wealth. Are we to lose the chance of an overland connection with it ? Is America to possess our splendid trade with India, China, Japan, Australia, Victoria, and British Columbia ? Are we to have no share in it? Are we with our eyes open to the consequences, with our mental vision clearly defining the breadth, extent, and full meaning of this great exclusion, to stand mute, dumb, unimpassioned, and silently cold as statuesque marble? ' -We quite agree with Mr. Rawlings that on the answers to these questions depend the issue whether Great Britain shall continue to exercise an influence in the New World, or whether the Great Republic shall eventually swallow up and absorb the whole of North America. Naval and Military Intelligence. On Friday Vice-Admiral Sir Baldwin W. Wal ker, K.C.8., took up his appointment as Com mander-in-Chief at Sheerness, vice Admiral Sir Charles Talbot, K. C_ 8., who rotircs on promotion. Vice-Admiral Walker's flag (white at the fore) was hoisted on board the Cumberland, Capt. George G. Randolph, guardship of steam reserve, and was saluted by the Formidable flagship, Reai-Admiral (late Capt.) John Fulford, and by the Cumberland, Capt. Randolph. Admiral Sir Charles Talbot struck his flag at sunset the same day, and the flag of the new Commander-in-Chief will be hoisted on board the flagship on Saturday. The unarmoured screw corvette Pear], 21, 1,469 tons, 400-horse power, made an official trial of her speed at the measured mile in Stokes Bay, near Portsmouth, on Thursday, after undergoing a tho rough repair to her hull and machinery, and being also completed in her rig and armament for com mission. Her draught of water was—forward, 16ft. sin. ; aft, 18ft. 3in. ; with 288 tons of coal in her bunkers, requiring but her sea stores, ammunition, and crew to make her ready to proceed to sea. The wind was at a force from 3 to 4, with moderately smooth water, and with the safety-valve of the boilers loaded at 201 b. the full, and half boiler power runs were made with the following results : —At full boiler power in the first run she made 11.920 knots ; in the second, 10.619 knots ; in the third, 12162 knots ; in the fourth, 10.404 knots ; in the fifth, 12.580 knots; and in the sixth, 9.917 knots. The mean speed of the ship given by the six runs was 11.265 knots ; steam pressure, 211 b. ; vacuum, mean, 25in. The total number of revolu tions made by the engines during the time the ship was running the six miles was 1,755. At half boiler power she made in the first run 10.055 knots ; in the second, 6.792 knots ; in the third, 10.000 knots ; in the fourth, 7.571 knots. The mean speed of the ship given by the four runs was 8.500 knots. The total num ber of revolutionsinade by the engines during the time the ship was running the four miles was 1,165. The engine, which was manufactured for the ship by Messrs. John Penn and Son, worked- to the entire satisfaction of the Government officials, who super intended the trial, and the boilers furnished an ample supply of steam. The Pearl returned to Ports mouth harbour after the trial, and is expected to be immediately commissioned. , The first completed measure connected with the great extension works of Portsmouth dockyard was accomplished yesterday, in the formal handing over by the resident superintending Admiralty engineer, Mr. Woods, to the local authorities of the new inner harbour-hard and landing-place on Flathouse beach, Landport. The legal proceedings connected with the transfer of the landing-place to the local authorities was the first official act of the new Re corder of Portsmouth, Mr. Poulden, Q.C. A court-martial assembled yesterday on board her Majesty's ship Formidable, flagship of Admiral Talbot, to try Mr. John Crutchly, first-class assist.- engineer of her Majesty's ship Cumberland, doing duty in the Griffin gun vessel in the Sheerness steam reserve, on the following charges:-Ist, That he, being a first-class assist.-engineer, in full pay in her Majesty's service, was seen at 5 p.m. on March 28, by Captain Connolly entering Sheerness dockyard drunk ; 2d, That he was guilty of conduct unbe coming an officer and a gentleman in stating to Captain Connolly, on March 29, that he did not leave the dockyard till after 6 p.m. on the previous day. The court consisted of Reai.-Admiral Fulford, of the Formidable, president ; Captain Crofton (additional), of the Cumberland ; Commander Thurburn, of the Barracouta ; Commander Urm ston, of the Wellesley ; and Commander Dolling, of the Formidable. Mr. Knight, of the firm of Essell, Knight, and Arnold, Admiralty solicitors, Rochester, was Deputy-Judge-Advocate, Capt. M. Connolly, of her Majesty's ship Pallas, prosecuted. The prisoner pleaded guilty to the charges, but handed in several certificates of good conduct ex tending over a period of 12 years, which were read by the Court. He was sentenced to be dismissed from the service, but in consequence of his many and excellent certificates he was recommended to the consideration of the Lords of the Admiralty. Four good-service pensions are placed at the dis posal of the First Lord of the Admiralty by the pro motion of Capt. J. Fulford, Capt. C. T. D'gyn. court, Capt. A. Farquhar, and Capt. T. H. Mason to flag rank. By the promotion of Capt. P. Scott, C. 8., Capt. Sir W. Hoste, and Capt. A. P. Ryder three vacan cies occur among the Naval Aides-de-Camp to the Queen. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The inquiries of the Jamaica Commis sioners were nearing their close at the date of the last advices, and from the excellent summaries of • the evidence given by the correspondents of the English newspapers we may form a tolerably correct judgment on the events which have formed the sub ject of inquiry. The fact that stands out in the strongest relief, and appears to be indubitably esta blished by the testimony of witnesses of all opinions, is that a widespread and increasing discontent existed among the negroes during the six months preceding the outbreak, and that the knowledge of this discontent hurried the Executive and the mili tary authorities into measures of excessive severity. It appears that -even now the disposition to resist the law is not extinct among a part of the popula . tion. The misfortunes which have fallen on the island, and have caused the cultivation of so many estates to be abandoned, have produced their na tural consequences. Negroes have settled on land that apparently had no owner ; they have dealt with it as their own, have felled and sold the timber, erected their dwellings, planted the soil, and may be excused, if not justified, in the opinion that their occupation has given them a right of property. The incident related by our correspondent with respect to the Hartlands estate probably represents a con dition of things which prevails more or less through out the island. In this case all the firmness of Sir Henry Storks was required to enforce obe dience to the law. Whether the negroes had mus kets and powder or not, they at any rate determined to prevent by force the survey of the property on which they had squatted. A detachment of troops was told off to escort the surveyor and magistrate to the place, and it was only when the occupiers found that this force would execute its orders, and punish any attempt at resistance, that they yielded and the survey was made. The evidence on the part of those concerned in suppressing the outbreak shows how much this kind of disaffection influenced their acts. To the minds of people at a distance there can be no justification of the severities which were inflicted after the outbreak was really sup pressed, and when the troops had.,the population of St. Thomas-in-the-East at their mercy. But one and all who were concerned in the business have a single tale, and as it is in accordance with the facts proved by other evidence, there is no reason we should doubt it. It is, that they thoroughly believed the island to be on the verge of a general rebellion, and that only measures severe even to cruelty would strike terror into the negro and protect the lives and property of the white inhabitants. It is need less to have recourse to any other theory than this. The political hatred of the Conservative official to the Democrat ; the caste hatred of the planter to the negro ; the savage nature of the Anglo-Saxon, when dealing with inferior races ; the especial brutality of the British soldier, demoralised by the Indian war, have been put forward as causes of the severity of the punishment inflicted on the black people. But it is now very clear that, in their panic, the whites, both British and Colonial, really believed that their only hope was to be beforehand with the supposed assassins. Such a panic does not, indeed, excuse acts of barbarity ; for when men take upon themselves responsible offices or enter the Queen's military service we have a right to expect that they shall not give way to undue apprehensions. But the knowledge that there really was an expectation of a general rising enables us to understand more fully the history of late events, and explains not only the conduct of the executive and the acts of the soldiers, but also the temper of the community since the outbreak and up to the present time. It is, of course, the object of the officers examined to diminish, as much as possible, the painful impression produced by the accounts hich first reached England, and to a cer tain extent they have succeeded. It is now allowed that the horrible narratives published in a local journal and copied by a part of the English press were fictions. Those who railed at us a few months ago will now perhaps admit that we were right in not publishing accounts which placed the number of the negroes killed at 2,000 if not 3,000, and spoke of " eight miles of dead bodies." The executions and shootings, though suf ficiently deplorable, will not at the largest estimate exceed a fourth of the less of these two numbers. Many of the worst of these appear to have been the work of the negro soldiers themselves, un authorised by their superiors. The evidence of Colonel Fyfe shows that, while the Maroons were doubtless faithful adherents of the Government, they were dangerous instruments to employ with out a stricter discipline than could be enforced upon them in October last, and it is to be hoped that the Colonial Government will hence forth dispense with their services. The burning of the houses supposed to be the property of rebels also appears to have been a gratuitous piece of vengeance. In one case there was certainly something like an armed opposition to the Maroons, and, so far as it goes, it may be taken to confirm the opinion of those who believed there was a neces sity for summary measures after the outbreak. The negroes of a place called Torrington, which is said to have despatched 100 armed men to swell the band of Bogle, sent, according to Col: Fyfe, a challenge to the Maroons. Whether this was really the act of the people as a body, or the idle boasting of a single negro, cannot now be known : but it appears that when the Maroons ca.ne up to the place they were fired at, and that then the people fled. This was, as far as we can learn, the only resistance offered to the military during the whole of the operations. On the grounds which the Executive had for their fears it is needless now to enter. The evidence is so con flicting that it is better to reserve judgment upon it until the report of the Commission appears. It is hardly to be doubted, however, that widespread discontent prevailed ; that when the massacre of Morant Bay was committed all the flying rumours of impending revolt acquired consistency, and the general alarm urged all possessed of authority to the lamentable measures of severity which are now called in question. THE " ANGLO-AMERICAN TIMES" ON INTERNA - SIONAL AmENmEs.—During the past week an event has occurred which, we venture to say, is no less graceful than unprecedented. The Queen of Eng land has addressed an autograph letter to an Ameri can citizen, acknowledging a gift made by him to the poor of London, of more than princely munificence, and entirely unprecedented in the history of private charity. As a fitting expression of gratitude for the gift of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds made by Mr. Peabody to the poor of this metro polis, the highest personage in this realm, the Sovereign, representing the people of Great Britain, expresses her willingness to bestow on this untitled American a baronetcy, or the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ; but, appreciating the fact that by the laws of his country he is debarred from accepting any such titles, she proposes a gift which we know he will esteem much more highly —a miniature portrait of herself. Our contempo raries of the metropolitan press have very generally commented on this event, and in nearly all quarters is the Queen's letter warmly commended, as well as the occasion which prompted it. But we are bound to notice an article which has appeared in the columns of the Liverpool Post, and which, we think, is not only wanting in respect for the Queen, but moat unjust to Mr. Peabody. Our Liverpool contemporary suggests that that gentleman, in hand ing over to trustees a quarter of a million of money to be invested in improved dwellings for the humble classes, is simply a gigantic satirist, setting an ex ample which the Queen, the nobility, and the af fluent classes of England, cannot afford to follow. " Is it not possible," inquires the cynical Post, " that this large-hearted American, constantly en gaged in the contemplation of the misery and des titution which pervade the richest city on the globe, meant something more in parting with £250 , 000 than providing healthy homes for some hundreds of poor people—intended, in short, to con vey his abiding impression that an indiffezence to the poor is one of the characteristics of an aristocratic country ?" Whatever Mr. Peabody may have meant by his act of charity, it is evident to us that the Liver pool Post " means something more" than is apparent at the first reading of the above quotation. The Post has its rod in pickle for the Queen and the aristo cracy of Great Britain, but the whole tenour and purport of the extract which we have quoted is to throw doubts on the motives of a benevolent gen tleman who has bestowed a splendid gift upon those who would be most benefited by it, and, by insulting him, to insult the great and benevolent nation of which be is an honoured citizen. Our con temporary would have the people of this coun try believe that the gift in question was bestowed not as a friendly free-will offering, but as an insult to this nation. He coolly assumes that Mr. Peabody was actuated by a disposition to re buke the pharisaical aristocrats of Great Britain, and that he paid £250,000 for the privilege. We know not who is most slandered by this sup position—the people of this country, or Mr. Pea body himself. No one who walks the streets of this metrcpolis, and sees the hundreds of charitable institutions flourishing on every side, and supported by the voluntary contributions of the country, will deny that the English people are essentially a charitable people. Nowhere else on the face of the earth —not even in America, where, happily, there is little occasion for them— are these institutions so plentiful, so well provided for, and so admirably managed as in Great Britain. In fact, charity in this country is elevated to the dignity of a science. If a stranger meets with an accident in the streets, there are places within a stone's throw of any part of the metropolis where he can obtain medical and surgical attendance, " without money and without price." There are Royal Free Hospitals for the Ear, for the Eye, for the Nose, for the Skin ; there are Fever Hospitals, and Consumption Hospitals, and Hospitals for Incur ables ; there are Homes for the Fallen by scores ; and, in short, every phase of human suffering finds ready sympathy and relief in some one of the nu merous institutions which the hand of private charity has reared for their alleviation. The American people see in this gift of Mr. Peabody to the poor of London a double virtue and a double grace. They are proud of it and of him. If they were selfish and narrow-minded, they might claim that his charities could be well bestowed at home ; but they take a wider and a broader view of the matter. In the first place, they recognise the personal obligations which he doubtless considers himself under to the people among whom he has lived for many years. Mr. Peabody amassed the greater portion of his enormous wealth by trade in London—what can be more appropriate than that the scene of his successes should also be the scene of his charities ? But for broader reasons than even these are the American people more than satisfied with his proceedings. They regard his gift not merely as the bountiful benefaction of a wealthy gentleman to the poor around him, but as a:free will offering from America to England. They do not give all the credit to Mr. Peabody—they claim a portion for themselves ! It is the working of American institutions and American habits of thought upon the minds of men that make such gifts possible. Americans drink patriotism and pure love of country with their mothers' milk; but they live in a land so broad, so boundless, so mighty in material prosperity, that their percep tions are undwarfed by territorial limits or accidents of birth ; and their sympathies extend alike to the poor, unfed, unhoused artisan of London as to the humble and the suffering of their own land. They recognise the claims of humanity everywhere; and they can say to Mr. Peabody, in the over flowing fulness of their hearts, " Inasmuch as you did it unto them, you did it unto us 1" That these are sentiments which actuate the great body of the American people, we have no doubt whatever. And that the Queen, in ;her graceful and womanly letter to Mr. Peabody, has expressed no less her own feelings than those of the people over whom she rules so wisely and so well, is equally certain. What, then, is the obvious in ference to be drawn from these facts ? Why, plainly that those three thousand miles of billows which roll eternally between this land and that, are no gulf of separation, for they are bridged over by the affections of the two peoples. Let politicians and agitators say what they will ; the people—the resolute, generous, loyal, Christian people of Eng land and America—are in accord ; they are one in sentiment, in feeling, in principle ; they are wedded in the bonds of brotherhood and good-feeling—and what God hath joined together, let not man put asunder ! COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL-FRIDAY. There was a better tone in our market this morning, and wheat was in good demand at full prices for American de scriptions; lower qualities rather easier. Flour firm at previous rates. Indian corn in moderato request, at 3d per qr. decline. DERBY-FRIDAY. The market to-day was fairly supplied with wheat, which sold at fully last week's rates. Oats were not plen tiful, and prices were unchanged. Last week's prices were realised for beans. New white wheat, 53s to 56s ; old red, 50s to 51s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 38s to 40s per qr. ; grinding, 30s to 32s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 21s to 265; old, 28s to 33s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 51s to 525; new, 40s to 47s per 38 stone. LINCOLN.-FRIDAY. The supply of wheat to-day was not large. Trade was steady, and extreme rates were realissd. Barley was a steady trade ; finest qualities unaltered, whilst other sorts declined nearly is per qr. Oats a moderate show, and the trade firm. Beans had an upwrird tendency. Peas a dull trade. New white wheat, 52s to 35s ; new red, 42s to 47s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 36s to 41s per qr ; grinding, 32s to 35s per 30 stone. Oats, 24s to 30s. Beans, 42s to 46s per 38 stone. S TAMF ORD.—Plumy. Wheat was rather a limited supply, and sales were effected at quite for Mer terms. Barley a fair supply ; the demand was languid, at very little change in prices. Oats and beans a steady trade. New white wheat, 46s to 48s ; red do., 42s to 45s per 70 stono. Barley, malting, 38s to 41s ; grinding, 803 to 3Gs per qr. Oats, new, 248 to 28s ; old, 283 to 30s per 21 stone Beans, 42s to 46s per 38 stone. Peas as of late. WAKEFIELD.-FRIDAY. The wheat trade is firmer in tone, and in some cases last week's prices are slightly increased. English barley steady ; foreign dull. Averages, April 2.—Wheat, 1,170 qrs, at 48s 4d ; barley, 20 41s 6d ; oats, —at —s. BRISTOL SUGAR-FRIDAY. The demand continues very dull, and prices have given way during the week about per cwt. on raw and re fined; the sales have been light. Ruin sells slowly at steady prices. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. s. d. Cowpen Hartley l7 3 Hetton Lyons ... ... 15 9 Hastings Hartley l7 3 Pensher Primrose ... 16 0 Holywell Main l5 6 Tunstall West Hartley N.Staffordshire 17 0 Kelloe Braddyell's Hetton.... 17 3 South Hartlepool l6 6 Walls End Haswell... 19 0 Tees 18 9 Walls End Hetton ... 19 0 Ships at market, 7l; sold, 52. [ArovEnTisEmENT.] —Da Barry's delicious and health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which contains three times the nourishment of the best meat, saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, restores perfect digestion, strong nerve s, sound lungs, healthy liver, refreshing sleep, func tional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or en feebled, remeving speedily and effectually indigestion (dys pepsia), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neu ralgia, irrita'Ality, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, heart burn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickness, sinking fits, coughs, asthma, bronchitis, inci pient consumption. scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach, between the shoulders, &c. Certi ficate No. 29,410. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ure, M.D., F.R.S. ; Ur Harvey; Dr Wurzer ; Dr Shorland ; Dr Campbell. We :quote a few out of the 02,0 0 cures :—Cure 'No. 57,314. Tittenson • I cannot express my gratitude for the benefit I have derived from Du Barry's food. My ap petite is perfectly restored, the pains in my leg, back, and chest are quite gone, and I am fast gaining strength and flesh. Mrs A. Owen.—Cure No. 54,812. Miss Virginia Zeguera, cured of consumption, after her medical advisers abandoned all hopes of recovery.—Cure No. 49,832. Of fifty years' indescribable agony !rem dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomiting. Maria Joly, Wortham, Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of NazingVicarage, Waltham Cross, Ilerts, of extreme nervous ness, indigestion, gather ings, ow spirits, and nervous fancies. In tins, 11b, 2s 9cl ; 21b, 4s 61 ; Mb. lls ; 121 b, 228 ; 211 b, 405.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Phillips, tea dealers, 8, King William-street ; likewise at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 19, Bishopsgate street Within ; 63, 150, and 208, Oxford -street ; 330, Strand ; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 103, Tottenham-court-road ; 96, Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; Close Brothers, 65, High-street; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St- John's-wood. London ; and all respectable grocers and che mists.—Beware of spurious imitations. Births. LEIGH—On the 2d inst., at Arrington Hall, Tamworth, Mrs. H. B. Leigh, of a son. LARKING—On the Gth inst., at The Firs, Lee, Lady Adela Larking, of a son. MURRAY—On the 4th inst., at Dresden, the Hon. Mrs. Murray, wife of H.B.M.'s Minister at the Court of Saxony, of a son. POCKLINGTON—On the 6th inst., at 36, Lowndes-square, the wife of Captain F. Pocklington, sth Fusiliers, of a daughter. Marriages. ROWLAND—WALKER—On the 6th inst., at St. Mark's, Kennington, Henry Edward, eldest son of A. W. Row land, Esq., of Champion's Hall, Lower Sydenham, to Victoria Jane, third daughter of the late J. K. Walker, Esq., of Brixton. REYNOLDS—RICHARDSON—On the sth inst., at St. Oswald's, Grasmere, Westmoreland, C. H. Reynolds, Esq., Upton, Essex, to Beatrice Anna, on l y surviving daughter of the late ir J. Richardson, C. 8., F.R.S., of Lancrigg, Gras mere. Deaths. ADKINS —On the sth inst., at Newmarket, Mr. W. Adkins, aged 53. BOREMAN— On the 3d inst., at Ockham, Surrey, Mr. Itobt. Boreman, aged 81. FRASER-0u the 6th inst., Forest-hill, Mr. W. Fraser, aged 30. HEWETSON—On the 4th inst., at Upper Park-place, Black heath-park, Mrs. Hewetson, aged 91. M'OREGOR —On the 4th inst., at 37, Bloomsbury-square, Mr. J. M'Gregor, late of Charterhouse-square, aged 76. MEATH—On the 26th ult., at 27, Pembridge-square, the Countess Dowager of Meath. T URNBULL—On the 2d inst., at his residence Upper Ward, Windsor Castle, John Robert Turnbull, residence, aged 59. Lon ion:. Printed and Panelled by WILLIAM ANDREWS, of No. 112, Strand, Pfinter, at TR SUN 011100, No. 112, Strand, in the. Precinct of the Savoy .in the County of Middlcoes.—Saturday, April 7, 1800.