The Sun. — London, England, 1848-01-20 00:00:00

SANITARY REFORM. t' n Last night a public meetin g on t h is subject, called =Was held in by the National P hilanthro p ic Associo , the Hanover - squ are Rooms. The advertis ementlf-past seven stated that the chair wa s to be taken at half -past o'clock ;n ut it was eight before the me . mbers of the sociatio and their friends made the ir appearance on the platfrom. At that time the meeting was very thin, but it gradually increased, till the room was about half full. On the motion of Mr. Cochrane, Mr. Wakley, M.P., was called to the chair. Among the gentlemen on the platform, we observed Mr. Wyld, M.P., Sir C. Aldis, Mr. G. A. Walker, Dr. Scott Alison, Dr. C. T. Aldis, Dr. Hector Gavin, Rev. Mr. Mangin, Mr. John Randolph, &c. The CHAIRMAN said it was with great pleasure he ' occupied the chair on that occasion, because he felt it was a meeting assembled for a very useful purpose. It - was not a matter of speculation or of theory which engaged their attention ; they were met to consider the best mode of removing practical evils which pressed heavily upon a large portion of the population.—(Hear, hear.) If it had been a mere speculative matter, he should have had no desire to be there, for he always wished to employ his exertions in removing grievances of acknowledged existence and of a pressing kind. — (Hear , hear.) The subject of sanitary reform appeared at first sight to be b v e ery a minute and narrow subject. It a ppeared to a . was it was a matter of mere defective sewage and drainage of dirty streets and dirty houses ; but the fact . t. _ of the people. It very large question indeed, and was inmately con oerned with the social condition industrious involved to an immense extent the happiness of mil lions of the most useful, because the mos t , thatsanitary reform portion of our fellow-countrymen.—(Cheers.) For his own part if he did not believe -would improve the condition of the work ing . classes gene rally, if he did not b elieve it would improve the Condition of their dinner-tables, he would care very little about it.—(Applause.) His desire was to see the b ard-working artizan well fed, well housed, and well. clothed; be wanted to see him do less work and receive higher pay, and it was because he believed that sanitary reform would lead to this improved state of things that he wished to see every reformer in the kingdom taking a deep interest in the question. The j object of the National Philanthropic Association in ceiling that meeting was to endeavour to induce the public to assist Government in carrying into effect a really effective measure of sanitary reform. The Government had many obstacles to contend against on this question in the shape' of viested interests and otherwise. Whole masses of people were suffered to linger in misery, because cer tain aldermen would not willingly lose a single basin of soup in the year.—(Laughter.) The fact was, that the people who raised t he cr y of " veste d _ in terests" were generally person s in possession of the elective franchise, and hence the Government were induced to be more gentle with them than they ought to be. It should be the duty of the public, therefore, to tell the Government not to be afraid to do what was necessary for the welfare of the community, in spite of vested interests ; and if they saw the Govern ment coming forward with a just and comprehensive measure to remove the evil, to raise their voices as one man in its support.—(Hear, hear.) The Government should pay no attention to the opposition of the aldermen of the city ; 'of London—who seemed to like to live among dirt—who appeared as fond of dirt as they were of turtle.—(Laughter.) The question was one which affected the whole country, and nc local authority should be allowed to rise up and say that their interest should not be interfered with. • The present condition of society was actually deplorable, owing to the want of proper sanitary regulations. The loss of life which occurred in consequence was incalculable. It had been esti mated that 30,. 40, or even 50 per cent. of human beings were annually sacrificed from this cause. li. the performance of his painful duties, he was ii daily witness of the misery which was occasioneu amongst the poor in this vast metropolis from want of sanitary'regulations. He frequently found from 5 to 12 persons living in a single room not more than 12 feet or 14 feetsquare, with hardly any accommodatioi suited to human beings. In such abodes of misery there might be seen two or three in one corner huddled under a rug, labouring under one disease. In another corner other two three might .be seer lying under a sack, or resting upon straw, suffering from a different disease, while in another part of the same room there might be a corpse in a state of decomposition; and yet of all this the possessors o 4 wealth in the immediate neighbourhood were quits ignorant until the disease which originated in those miserable abodes had extended to their own families. when they then found it necessary to institute an inquiry into the cause of the evil ; but until thei they seldom thought of instituting a single investiga tion with a view of mitigating the misery of the poor in their neighbourhood, or of preventing its recur renoe.—(Hear, hear.) Several benevolent persons he was happy to say, had long applied their minds t, this subject, and had acted as pioneers in the goo( cause ;'and to:these the thanks . :of the public were:espe cially_due. Amongst these there were two gentlemei then on the platform who deserved honourable men tion. He alluded to Mr. Cochrane and Mr. G. A Walker.—(Hear.) He knew very well that a grew deal had been done on the agitation of this questim by a body he very much disliked,—he meant toile Poor law Commissioners. The members of that Commis sion had discovered that everything affected Immat life and human comfort except low diet,—that disa greeable smells and unfavourable drainage were exceed ingly detrimental to a man's constitution; but that if he was fed three; times a day on water-gruel he would no! suffer at all.—(Laughter.) He (Mr. Wakley) die not agree with the discovery of the Somerset-hour, officials. His opinion was that the sanitary reforn would be a farce, a delusion, a mockery, if it did nol lead to an improvement of the condition of the people generally, not only with regard to their physical state, but with regard to their sociar f and moral state as well —(Hear, hear.) Was the present:condition of tint working classes one thatiought to last ? It was not. Let any one pass through Regent-street, in the im mediate neighbourhood of that meeting, and see the splendid shops in that locality, with the wonderfu displays of ingenuity which the windows exhibited `Where were the makers of these goods ?—(Hear. hear.) In cellars, in garrets, in holes and corners, m places absolutely not fit for the occupation of human beings. To witness those things, and to be indiffe• rent to them, was a state of things in the highes degree discreditable to society. He called up on the meeting, therefore, to stimul a t e th e L eg i s l a t ur to di something towards its removal. Letters of apology for absence were read from the following Members of Parliament : Lord Johi Russell, Lord Ebrington, Lord Dudley Stuart, Mr. Osborne, Dr. Bowring, Mr. Mackinnon, and Mr. G. Thompson. Mr. COCHRANE was then requested to move thk first resolution. He commenced by congratulating the meeting •on having secured the services of a chairman who had such a practical and thorougl: knowledge of the present question. He was the mort induced to congratulate them on that point when hi remembered the meeting which took place in that room some weeks ago, under the auspices of the Health 01eTowns Association, when arguments were used on subject of a very peculiar kind, which evidently showed_ that the parties were very little acquainted wun public opinion. —(Hear, hear.) The resolution which he occasion. bad been requested to propose on the present Tbat wlt!.ta follaws : denannstra i" ed b for a series of years been clearly legislative and a by o commissions connected with the vernment departments, and power fully enforced by oe u .t") pra ctical evidence from the National Philanthropic As and other benevolent so cieties instituted f or t t b ,! reform, that the slak e t p2Pose of promoting sanitary effective point of view, in a moral, physical, and pecuniary to an alarming extent, thes ie e e law e for the protection from the absence of an e sailadare peculiarly to of public health d house drainage, be traced to deficient sewa ge perfect street scanty. and deir water suppi y n and ventilation and the imp ° . ,cleansing, and a wretched construction:l of the dwellings of the poorer classes'', sition of a tax on windows." It had been calculated that between 50,000 and 60,000 unnecessary deaths took place annu a ll y conseque nce of deficient legislation in regard t o sa nitary measures ; that between 1,500,000 and 2,000,000 sicknesses occurred from the same caus e , and that from 8,000,000/. to 14,000,0001. sterling was lost in this way. The great; opposition to sani tarveform proceeded from the vestries and corrupt municipalities throughout the country, and not from the people at large — in proof of which he referred to the opposition which had been of fered to the Bill of last session, especially to the original Bill, which embraced the city of London — which th e Mi n i stry f oun d t h ey d urs t not proceed with, except at th e of risk f hear.) He re L ord John Russell losing his erred also, at some length, and wit h consid erable ineetine warmth, to what had occurre d at the vestry Friday. He congratula ted of St. Martin's parish last having been taken u p the meeting on the subject by the Bishop of London, in his letter to the clergy, correspondence with the cl e r gy and described his own the London City Mission, detailing the efforejsgYof ektt.theb National Phi ecwtion. and lanthropic Association—its soap dormi tory—to which he invited theirins i p e crowded in to the manner in which the poor tobeir miserable dwellings, he statedd re a sin g le he Referring as many as &keen living in had seen that within a stone's-throw of Buckin g h am e r oom , and which the Government architect, Mr. lore e de clared not large enough to accommodate a f am il y , contended that ignorance of the question, and e e sition to plans of improvement, were not fou nd amongst the people ; the resistance was in the paro chial bodies, the vestries, and corrupt municipalities. He approved the step of destroying the many boards of sewer commissioners, And censured the exemption T U E of the city of London ron measures of reform. Th might judge of the practical knowledge these boar ds had of the system they managed, from the fact iat the chairman of the City Sewer Commission was . a baker. He combated the objections made by t axe Lord Mayor at a recent interview with him to 't. he Philanthropic Society's plan of relief by sol ap kitchens; his Lordship alleged that the relief so giv . en drew a great influx of poor into L ondon, and, by bringing them together in numbers, tended to pro: n . - gate disease. Yet, at the same t ime, his Lord p admitted that the windows of the Mansion -ho use itself were repeatedly broken b y destitute _p:r 4 A 3o .o ns n who wished to gain the shelter of a prison. eluded by moving the resolution. should the English public , s o read y to Dr. ALMS seconded it, expr essin g L h n i t s ri s b luP ute rie t e o t ..t ha he t of f dise lie e' alluden care or e t o h f in h u os Ig s offensive to t' to the impunity w ith which trades . supportpsoitaliltstlfeorof tphreevelinrtien d • cro e d sensestze and the health could be came o d n wLe loca liti e s, the shortsupply of water, an the want of li g ht and air, as evils calling aloud for remedy. He ed the meeting ther e was no cause for any alr trio ass the cholera ; as a member of three public insti tutions he could state that up to the present limo there had not been a single case ; but they ought not to allow themselves to be taken by surprise, o-s t o become callous to those disorders which always rexisted among the population. Sir C. ALOIS briefly supported the resolution, which was put and carried unanimously. Mr. G. A. WALaut proposed the second resolu tion : " That the practice of burying the dead in places surrounded by the abodes of the living has been attended by a disregard of Christian decency, and a violation of the sanctity of the grave. That the fre quent exhumation of human remains has engendered a feeling of disrespect for the dead, whilst the constant disturbance of earth saturated !with the decomposing gasses emanating from the dead is seriously destruc tive of the public health, and should be prohibited by law." He entered into a statement of the opposition with which he was met when endeavouring to expose the horrors of the Spafields burial-ground in 1845. There 1,500 bodies were interred within a year in the space of an acre, though,. by calculation it could only take 26. In some graveyards in the metropolis as many as 2,000 or 3,000 bodies were buried annnally in an acre of ground. Under Enon Chapel, in a vault 69 feet by 29 feet, 3,500 bodies had been buried within seven years, literally in a cellar I In the room above bells were given, and there was dancing over the dead ; yet the authorities of St. Clement ' s never com plained of the place till he (Mr. Walker) took steps to stop the abuse. He was sorry this dreadful prac tice was maintained by the clergy; but Parliament must put an end to it. He :urged the necessity of determination on the part of the public ; if they were apathetic, the abomination would go on and increase tenfold. Mr. J. GEORGE seconded the resolution, and in doing so spoke strongly against the window-tax, as an impost most destructive in its effects to the health and comfort of the community. He stated that in his own parish of St. Anne, Soho, 95,000 interments had taken place in the space of 155 years in a burying ground consisting of about five-eighths of an acre, being at the rate of nearly 700 bodies in the year, and about 1,100 bodies per acre. He had found lately, that in a grave fourteen feet deep twenty-eight bodies had been interred within a space of two months, which he presumed could only have been done by exhuming and destroying soma of the earlier bodies to make room for the latter. This system would assuredly continue to go on, unless a powerful effort was made to arrest it. Mr. ROGERS, in support of the same resolution, de tailed a number of shocking circumstances which had come to his knowledge, in connexion with the prac tices of various metropolitan burying-grounds. Thel resolution was then put and carried unani mously, Mr. Wm), M.P., in moving the following resolu tion— " That this meeting pledges itself to support her Majesty's Government in any just and comprehensive measure for the removal and extinction of the evils deprecated in the preceding resolution," took occasion to remark, that he thought the observa tions of Mr. Cochrane upon her Majesty's expendi ture on Buckingham Palace exceedingly ill-timed ; and if their attention were to be diverted from the object of sanitary reform by such remarks, they would never gain that great and important measure. —(Cheers, and expressions of dissent.) He begged also to say, that sanitary reform would not be com plete unless it embraced a system of medical police for the poorer classes. Mr. H. CLARKE seconded the motion, which was unanimously carried. The thanks of the meeting having been voted to the chairman for his ready attention at all times to the interests of the people, and for the able and impartial manner in which he had presided over the meeting, `'he meeting separated. FACTORIES THE DONSIDE A plan has been recently adopted at the large fac tories on the Don, near Aberdeen, employing from 2,000 to 3,000 people, of supplying them with break fast and dinner on the premises, and it is found to Answer remarkably well, both as regards the work :wople and their employers. The plan, as carried out at Messrs. Leys, Mason, and Co.'s, at Grand holm, is as follows, and the arrangements at the other factories are almost precisely similar :—ln the cooking department, to which a supply of spring water is led in by pipes, there is for soup a boiler of 120 gallons, and for coffee one of 70 gallons, and hot table ; and attached to the kitchen are six rooms fitted up with benches and fireplaces in each, affording accommodation for above 400 per sons when taking their meals. The breakfast con sists of a roll of bread, of 6f ounces in weight, of mixed or whole flour of the best quality, and a mea sure of coffee, of one-tenth part of an imperial gallon. For one gallon of coffee there is appropriated 31 oz. of coffee, 3 gallons of milk, 10 oz. of golden syrup ; and to every 20 gallons of coffee one-half ounce of ground cassia is added, which gives the coffee an agreeable flavour. Dinner consists of barley broth and bread, or pease soup and bread ; either one-sixth of an imperial gallon of barley broth, with a roll of bread weighing six ounces and three quarters, or one sixth of an imperial gallon of pease Soup, and a roll of bread weighing six and one-fourth ounce. For 60 gallons of barley broth there is appropriated 431 b. good butcher's meat, 281 b. barley, 51b. pease ; vegetables —turnips, carrots, leeks, to the value of 2s. or 2s. 6d. For 50 gallons of pease soup, 22 lb. pease, 12 lb. butcher's meat, with the reserved bones from the barley broth, together with vegetables—say carrots, turnips, celery, thyme, and an ounce of ground cas sia. After the soup is boiled, there is added, to im prove its consistency, two or three quartern loaves, cut up into slices and browned. Breakfast and dinner, including bread, charge lfd.:each. The meals are served in exchange for printed tickets, of which there are two sets—one for breakfast, and the other for dinner. Each department in the work has a number of these tickets appropriated, having the number of the department on each. Returns of the number of persons in each department who order break fast and dinner for the following day are given in to the superintendent of the kitchen every day at twelve o'clock, in order to the preparation of the quantity necessary to supply them. Any surplus there may be is inquired after, and bought for domes tic use by any person who may wish it. The over seers of the respective departments, having a list of the names of those who have been supplied with meals during the week, render accounts at the end thereof to the superintendent of the kitchen. The cooking part of the kitchen is railed off, leaving a passage for those receiving meals, who enter at one door, and, on being served, pass out at another door, or go into the sitting rooms. There are two cooks, a man and a woman, in constant attendance ; and besides these, there are two of the overseers of the works who assist by rotation during the time of serving out the meals. Four, hundred people can be served in twenty minutes. The provisions are all of good quality, bought at wholesale prices. The institution is a self-supporting one. Messrs. Leys, Mason, and admirablyhi in Co., much to their credit, supply the uel gratis, as travel to the f , w_ell as the house, furniture, and cooking apparatus. -Che above plan which has been found to answer so practice, originated in the hardships w en were experienced by workers who had to with them,toriee from a distance of one or more al get e tin t ia th ia . miles, and who' consi of t. course had to bring their provisions and strength, state a piece of dry poor people subjected :sit ing very often of nothing else than and no means of so injurious alike Having no house to go to, ore nourishing diet, the much in bodily health exhausted before the lab f eb ,: dian a y t: wo r f s etre s e u n ff go e uv r ei e tr d e. been happily fallen upon. :nag great tt i t o h , e extentto theeombpvlioayteedr 01111 of These consequences, aby nd th e e m p p l l a oy n e w d, hi h c a h v h e as be th e ui n —Christian News. DIE NELSON MONUMENT AT TARMOUTIL-.-I n t h e Norfolk Chronicle of Saturday last we read the follow ing;—" There is every probability that the Nelson Vlonument at Yarmouth will be handed over to the Crinity Board, and converted into a lighthouse." w e reel fully warranted in saying that so far as the corpo_ ration of Yarmouth is concerned no such intention xists. It is true the Trinity Board would accept nothing less than an unconditional surrender of it, which the Town Council, at their last meeting, po sitively refused to accede to.—Cambridge Advertiser. t A RRIVAL OT SPE C IE.--LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY. — The Camilla , Capt a i n F ow , w hi c h a rrived in the Mersey e day from Callao, has brought upwards of 200,000 dollars in • specie. Prince Albert, during Claremont la s t week,the stay of the Court at foundThethe game more abundant ti.ful,than butlstuatlaetrhe w there. vi pheasants were not only plea as Abudwucc of woodcock. St 3 tl?T ) (T TiNofßtUrhSeSEmoLsLt TEA DUD ES ' ADEdPepUuTtatiTonl,ONcomTpOosLedoßoDf someJC} in fluential merchants of Liverpool, and rn, qnufacturers of Manchester chairmen o f t h e Chambers , Of. tm c - me rce, and others, headed by Mr. Rawson am. 'T. Heywood, M.P. for North Lancashire, had an inte:' view with Lord John Russell, at the Treasury, at one o'clock yesterday, for the purpose of propounding the views of the interests they represented, commer cial, manufacturing, and domestic, as to the policy and expediency of the total abolition of the duties on tea. The leading representatives of both towns having addressed his Lordship, Mr. HEYWOOD stated that he had received deputa- tions from most of the principal manufacturing towns in Lancashire and Yorkshire, urging him to represent to the Government the necessity which existed for the abolition .of duties which so materially affected the interests of the labouring classes. Lord JOHN RUSSILL received the deputation with his usual courtesy, and having heard the arguments addressed to him, stated in reply that the question was purely one of revenue, but refrained from hold ing out any hope that the subject would be taken up by the Government with a view to the abolition so strongly urged upon him. The deputation, after thanking his Lordship for the attention he had paid to their observations, retired, as it is understood, under the impression that they had failed, at any rate for the present, in the object for which the interview had been sought. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH ' WRDNESDAY. — There are a great I many vacancies for apprentices to the Royal Navy on board the flag-ship Victory, at this port, and as it is desirable they should be filled up as soon as possible, we are requested to state that any boys of fourteen years of age, who can read and write, having 50s. to clothe themselves with, and who are found on exami nation to be physically and otherwise qualified for the service, will be received on board the Victory flag ship of Sir Charles Ogle, as naval apprentices, for seven years ; but those boys presenting themselves who are found unfit, from bodily or other causes, will not be received. Commander Hugh Goold having suffered too severely by an accident befalling him on board the Victory some weeks since, whilst in the discharge of his duty, to admit of his return to his ship (as we stated some days ago), he was recommended by his medical adviser to resign the arduous post of Com mander of the Ordinary at this port ; Commander Sidney Grenfell (1840), who was Lieutenant of the Cyclops steam-frigate at the attack upon Gebail and the storming of Sidon, has been appointed to suc ceed him. Rear-Admiral J. W. D. Dundas, C. 8., M.P., First Naval Lord of the Admiralty, and Captain Alexander Milne, Junior Naval Lord, are expected here this week, to make some new arrangements respecting the ordinary, and en other business. We regret to state that the superintendent of this dock-yard, Rear-Admiral Prescott, C. 8., is laid up with influenza. Retired Rear-Admiral Spelman Swaine died at Wisbech, on the 14th instant, aged 80. The gallant deceased was midshipman of the Recovery in Howe's relief of Gibraltar, and mate on a voyage of discovery with Vancouver, and saved the life of his captain in an affair with the natives on the north-west coast of America ; he was also high bailiff of the Isle of Ely The whole of .the ships and vessels fitting out at this port have been obliged to have gangs of riggers from the trigging-house to assist in fitting them in consequence of the very . indifferent qualifications of the seamen who have as yet entered for them, and their paucity of numbers. The Penelope steam-frigate, bearing the broad pendant of Commodore Sir Charles Hotham, K.C.8., Commander-in-Chief on the west coast of Africa station, was at St. Helena on the 17th of November, all well, but was about leaving on that day for Ascension. The Blazer steam-sloop, Lieutenant-Commander G. C. T. Smith, arrived at Madeira, en route to the coast of Africa, from England, ell well, on the 20th ult. As we anticipated, we had a very squally night, the weather, though at present fine, looks very threatening from the N.E. Wind E.N.E., fresh breezes, and fine weather.- 5 r.m. WOOLWICH, JAL 19.—The Banshee, Holyhead mail steam-packet, Captain William Smithett, left Deptford on Monday morning, and arrived at Wool wich at 9 30, and having taken on board spare gear, and other stores, with ten tons of coals, proceeded at 10 45 P.M. for Chatham, under the charge of Lieut. Robertson, assistant to Captain H. T. Austin, C. 8., with the other officers and men composing that es tablishment. The distance from Woolwich to Chat ham was accomplished in three hours and a quarter, including a stoppage of half an hour, and going at half speed about half the way—the quickest passage by a considerable period of any on record. The Dee steam-transport vessel, Master Comman der Thomas Driver, is in the inner basin, having her boilers put in and a number of men at work to get her ready for sea, which will now be longer in accom plishing than was anticipated, owing to a fire which broke out on board to-day, and completely destroyed the poop, which was about 30 feet. It is not known how the fire originated, but it appears police-constable 85 R., W. Butcher, when going round his beat, at a quarter before one o'clock—the workmen having gone to dinner at twelve—discovered smoke escaping from the upper part of the deck, and on opening the door of the poop the flames burst out with great fury. The alarm was immediately given, and Inspectors Field, M'Gill, and Budd, with a number of the constables of the dockyard police force, were promptly at the basin, with a powerful fire-engine, and the principal main having been opened on the alarm being given, the ho'e was applied, and a great stream of water directed on the vessel, which extinguished the fire and pre vented any further chance of danger in about twenty minutes after the fire was discovered. Commodore Sir Gordon Bremer, K.C.B. and K.C.H., Mr. Laing, Master-shipwright, and several of the authorities of the dockyard, were promptly on the spot, and encou raged the men in persevering to extinguish the flames. All the workmen collected at the gate after ' dinner hastened in, and by tearing down the wood work and partitions of the poop, throwing the burning pieces into the basin, aided greatly in preventing fur ther damage. The Spiteful, Prometheus, Driver, Minx, Rifleman, and Dover mail-packet, were in the basin at the time, but they are all perfectly safe. COAL MARK ET. -YESTERDAY. Adair's Main ...... ... 17s 6d Harraton Main lis Oil Bate'3 W. Hartley... 19s Od Belmont 22s Od Huddle's W. Hartley.. 19s Od Braddyll's Hatton 223 9,1 Carr's Hartley Dipton Tanfield ...... ... 14s ed Haswell 23s 3d Hedley's llartley Hasting's Hartley lBs 3d Jonassohns North Percy Hartley.. 19s Od. Lambton New Tanfield l6s 6d,Leasingthorne Newcastle llartley .. 17s OdAsrton 4.. ..... 22s 9d Original Tanfield Pontop Windsor .. las OdStawart's Ravenaworth'a Pelaw. 165 OeWhitw ell South Pontop South Peareth Tanfield Moor Tanfield Moor Butes l6. Odi Wylam West Wylam Walker's Primrose . . &e Wall's End, s Brown's Gas . 1 5s 6(1 Goaforth . 21s 6d Heaton Medley Killingworth 2ls idi Ramsay l4s 6d l ! Willington - l9s 6d Eden Main 22s Odl Arrival I ,Cassop 22s 6d Caradoe ..... .. .. !Hartlepool 'Hudson's Hartlepool 2ls 6d Higl3. Thornley Heugh Hall 'Trimdon ... 21s 6d Adelaide Tees Denison South Durham 2ls 6d ;Tees Unwick lBs 8d IWhitworth l7s 6d ; Sidney's 23s 6d Sidney's Hartley !Snapethorpe .Is, 351. MR. LATARD AND HIS RESEARCHES AT NINEVEH OR NIMROOD.—At the ordinary meeting of the Royal Institute of Architects, on the 10th inst., Mr. Tite intro duced Mr. Layard, who, in some remarks on his recent researches, stated that the date of the ruins discovered was still a mystery, but there could be no doubt of their extreme antiquity. He would afford them one proof of it: the earliest buildings is Nineveh were buried, and the earth which had accumulated over them, had been used as a burial-place by a nation who lived 700 years before Christ. Probably the buildings dated from 1,200 years before Christ. The rooms were lined with slabs of marble, covered with bas-reliefs, such as those now in the British Museum, which were joined together by double dovetails of iron. The doorways were flanked by winged figures of greater height than the slabs: on all these figures was the mark of blood, as if thrown against them, and allowed to trickle down. The walls were of sun-dried bricks, and where these showed above the. sculptured slabs, up to the ceiling, they were covered with plaster and painted. The beams, where they remained, were found to be of mulberry. That the slabs should have been preserved so long puzzled many. In truth, however, the bricks, being simply dried in the sun, in falling had returned to earth, and had thus buried the tablets and protected them. The buildings, he said, were provided with a complete system of sewer age, Each room had a drain connected with a main sewer. Mr. Layard then proceeded to say, that in the midst of the ruins he had discovered a small chamber, formed of bricks regularly arched. The bas-reliefs sent over by him were, in many cases, found in positions showing that they had been taken from other buildings and re-used: the sculptured face of the slab, for example, was turned to the wall, and the back re-worked. - .13.14ilder. A YOUNG Goosr,—A market girl sold a gentle man a fine fat goose, warranting it to be young. It turned out, when roasted, to be unmanageably tough. The next day the gentleman said to the market girl, " That goose which you sold me for a young one was very old." " Certainly not," said the girl; " don't you .all me young?" " Yes." " Well, lam but nineteen, and I have heard mother say often that the goose was si weeks youpg er than me."—Boston Ch rono t ype . z THURSDAY - EVENING, --JANUARY 20, 1848, POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE. William Death was brought before the Lord Mayor for final examination upon the charge of having robbed his employer, Mr. Ormiston, of property to a large amount. Mr. Mullens, of the firm of Bush and Mullens, ;olicitors to the committee of Bankers forTrotection again;t Frauds and Forgeries, attended for the prosecution. wire-drawer, of Old-street, St. Robert Fairbe- l'n , Luke ' s, said now the prisoner, and last year had ployer. I have been in the habit dealings with his en, . ,for ready money. On the 14th of purchasing goods -ht . goods to the amount of of May, 1847, I bong scount for the same geode ; 51. 7s. Bd., being Zs. Bd. d. but I cannot say whether )-ny young man or I paid the money. I received the reeeipt. I produce it ; and on the 29th of June I bought goods also, to the amount of V. 12s. Bd., discount Ss. Bd., And I paid the balance, Si. 7s. I produce the receipt. On the 20th of November I again purchased goods to the amount of Sl. 15s. 6d., discount Ss. 9d., and I paid the balance 51.95. 9d.,_ the receipt fo r which I p roduce. Mr. Ormiston, commission agent, Martin's-lane, Cannon-street, said it was the prisoner's duty to sell goods and receive the money, and account to me once a mouth for what he had received. He kept a book in which it was his duty to enter the receipts. The three receipts and invoices produced are in his hand writing. He has not accounted to me for any one of the sums referred to in the evidence of the last wit ness. No:other person is authorized to receive money whilst the prisoner is in the warehouse. The deficiency amounts, it appears, to upwards of 5001., and was detected in consequence of the illness of the prisoner at Christmas. During his absence stock was taken, and then it was discovered by Mr. Ormiston, who confidentially employed him, that property which he had been in the habit of returning as still remaining in the warehouse had disappeared. The prisoner was committed for trial. Ellen Dacey, servant at a public-house in Tower street, was finally examined upon the charge of having stolen a purse containing four shillings, the property of a soldier stationed at the Tower. The soldier had ;dropped the purse in the house just as he was leaving it, and the prisoner was seen picking it up and taking out the contents. Upon the return of the soldier to look for his property she ad mitted, upon being called upon, that she had found the purse, but she swore there was not a farthing in it. The policeman who searched her box found a half-crown, one shilling, and a sixpence there, as if it had been deposited in a hurry. The soldier accu rately described the sixpence. There was a pound's worth of silver at die bottom of the box. The prisoner said, " upon her sowl she never dreamt of taking the mt'ney. The devil a farthing was in the purse when she took it up ; and she was sure if there was money in it she would have given it to the poor soldier at once." Committed for trial. The Lord Mayor acknowledged the receipt of 11. for the relief of the destitute poor, from " H. MARLBORO UGH-STREET. CHARGE OF CRUELTY TO A HORSE.—Edward Nunn, Esq., of Leamington, was summoned before Mr. Hardwick for having, on the 10th inst., wantonly and cruelly ill-treated a horse in the parish of St. George, Hanover-square, of which ill-usage the ani mal afterwards died. Mr. Thomas, secretary to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said Mr. Nunn had admitted that he had ridden the mare from Lea mington to London for a wager-10 to 1 were the odds. Witness had evidence to prove the great cruelty that had been exercised, and also that the mare had soon afterwards died. Mr. Nunii wished to com• promise the matter, but the society felt that this was a case which ought to be prosecuted, and they had determined to listen to no representations of the sort. Mr. Nunn pleaded guilty to the charge. James Dorland said he saw the defendant in Bond street on Sunday night. Mr. Nunn came from the direction of Bruton-street. The animal had a man on each side of it, one with a stick was beating it. Mr. Nunn was spurring it, and he continued to whip and spur the animal until he arrived at Long's Hotel, Bond- street. The sides of the animal were bleeding. and blood was running from the anus of the animal. Mr. Nunn got off the animal and led the way to some stables in Bruton-street. The mare was carried rather than led to the stables. The animal was apparently unable to drag one leg after the other, and presented a pitiable sight. Mr. Nunn, on being asked if he had any questions to put to the witness, said no, he had no defence whatever to make. Daniel Watson, constable of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said he went to the stables and found the mare was dead.- It had been disembowelled. The animals lips were black w ith inflammation. Witness went to Leamington to serve the defendant with a summons. The witness said it was an unfortunate business, and he was sorry it had happened. He wished to know whether the matter could not be compromised, and whether he could not be spared the necessity of coming to town to answer the complaint. Another constable of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, named Steith, said Mr. Nunn called at the society's offices in Pall-mall, to know if, by payment of a sum of money to a charity, the society would abandon further pro ceedings. The first witness was recalled, and he said, when he saw Mr. Nunn in Bond-street, it was about twelve o'clock on Sunday night, the 9th instant. Mr. Thomas said this was the case. Mr. Ihenwicie—What answer have you to make to the charge ? Mr. Nunn—l have nothing to say in justification or extenuation beyond this—that I regret exceed ingly the termination of this unfortunate affair. The whole thing was done in a frolic; but had I con ceived that the death of the animal would have been occasioned, I would not have done what I did on any consideration. Mr. HARDWICK—The circumstances, as detailed in evidence, give rise to no other feeling than that you have been guilty of a gross and wanton act of cruelty. For this cruel act you was moved by a base and sordid purpose. In the paltry gratification of winning a sum of money by wager, you did not hesitate to subject your horse to the most cruel tor ture, and to death itself. The penalties of the law in such cases are wholly inadequare. It is a mere mockery of justice to inflict a fine of forty shillings on a person of your station. Instead of this small fine, the severest punishment ought to he inflicted ; but as the law forbids this, there is nothing left but to express censure, indignation, and reprobation of this act, in the strongest manner. You have de graded yourself by the commission of an act of cold blooded brutality, and you leave this Court disgraced with the charge of having committed an act of cold blooded barbarity to this animal from sordid motives. You are fined the full penalty of 40s. and expenses. Mr. Nunn pulled out 501. in bank-notes, and placing them in the hands of Mr. Thomas, begged again to express his regret at what had occurred, and his thanks for the courteous treatment he had met from the society, and more especially for the society having refused to compromise the case. He desired that his fine and expenses might be taken out of the money he had placed in the secretary's hands, and the balance handed over to the funds of the society. Mr. HARDWICK remarked that it was creditable to Mr. Nunn to find that he was sensible of his fault, and was willing to make all the amends in his power. Mr. Thomas said he was in hopes that the Legis lature would be induced to make the law against cruelty to animals much more stringent in the ensuing session. ASSAULT.—Mr. John White, of Abingdon, was charged with having assaulted Captain William Peel, now residing at Limmer's Hotel. Captain Peel said he was walking with two friends last night, in Bond-street, when the defendant pushed against them, and nearly thrust him (complainant) off the pavement. He expostulated with the de fendant for his rudeness, upon which the defendant called him a d—d humbug, demanded his card, and insisted upon having satisfaction the next morning. He told the defendant to go away, but the - defendant peristed in following him, and made use of filthy lan guage. He called a constable and gave the defendant into custody. The defendant said he had been taking too much wine at dinner, and had no recollection of what had occurred. He was now quite willing to make any apology for his offensive conduct. Fined 20s. BENEVOLENCR.—The Hon. Miss —, per Messrs. Goslings and Sharpe, sent Si. for the poor-box. MARY L E BONE. EXTRAORDINARY CONDUCT.—Robert Clavering Sa vage, a person of large property, residing at 22, Wellington-road, St. John's Wood, was charged on a warrant with having under the following extraordi nary circumstances committed a violent outrage upon Caroline Langdon : Complainant deposed that during the last four years she had been living with defendant as housekeeper and " companion ;" upon many occasions she had left him in consequence of ill-treatment, but he was speedily after her, and induced her under promises of better behaviour to return to his dwelling. On Sa turday evening last, while engaged in the kitchen in roasting a woodcock for him, and a partridge for her self, he came down stairs, pulled her nose, slapped her face, threw her violently upon the floor, and pressed his hand upon her mouth to prevent her from crying out. On Tuesday night he burnt one of her silk dresses and a victorine, and it was a great wonder that the house was not set on fire. Mr. BROUGHTON—What became of the woodcock and partridge ? Complainant—He snatched them from the front of the fire before they were three parts done, and, without either knife or fork, ate up the greater portion of the birds, pulling them to pieces more like a dog than a Christian. She was: kept without food on Sunday. Nearly the whole of the day referred to he was smoking and drinking in his parlour, three of his dogs, which regularly slept with him in his bed, being his sole companions. Ann Hasted, the servant, deposed that on Monday night, while she was lying in bed with the other female, Langdon, who had fled to her for refuge, de fendant broke open the door with a poker and nearly frightened her to death. Defendant, in answer to the charge, said that Langdon, who, generally speaking, was " a most good and affectionate creature," commenced cooking the woodcock too soon : he merely gave her a slight pull, and she took up a knife to him. The complainant and defendant have often figured at this court, each accusing the other of acts of vio lence and abuse. The case was ultimately disposed of by the defen dant being merely fined is. and costs, upon his paying to Langdou 41., and the amount of wages due to Ann Hasted. o'clock Southampton up-train on Friday evening last; and when the train stopped on Purbright-common he got out. It was not moonlight at the time, but it was the sort of fight that at the time a light might be seen at a much further distance than if the moon had shone. He heard the noise of the goods train coming, and on looking saw its lights. It was then between two and three miles off, and he had heard it a minute or two before. He understood that the second guard had been sent to stop it, but, finding it approaching rapidly, he ran along the line 200 or 300 yards from the stationary engine to stop it. It how ever came on fast, and on its approaching him he hallooed out as loud as he could " Hold on! hold on !" and he saw the prisoners on the engine. One of them stood on an elevated place, and was not where he should have been, and both shouted in reply to him. Up to this time witness did not hear any whistle sounded, and had no doubt if it was sounded he must have heard it. The luggage-train was going at such a rate that wit ness saw it was inevitable that it must go into the passenger-train, and he (witness) turned his hack to it to avoid seeing the collision. At this time he saw the red light of Brownsnsith, who at this time was returning up the line, but was at a considerable dis tance from him—such a distance that he could not see his person, but saw his light. Was quite certain there was no whistling on the goods-train, as it was passing him. He did not recollect hearing the whistle at all. The steam was on the luggage-train which passed him. In about half an hour alter the acci dent he saw the prisoner Jones. He was by his en gine, and said to witness, " This is a bad job." Wit ness told him it was ; and asked him if be had seen any signal ? He replied not, but that he heard wit ness shout. He then told Jones that Brownsmith had gone a long way with signal lights on the down line, and he replied he was not on that side. Brownsmith was here recalled, and said, he did not take any detonating balls, because he did not consider it necessary, as it was a light night, though there was no moon, and there was no fog. Besides, the deceased told him before leaving the train that he would be ready to start again in a few minutes. Mr. "Ward again got into the witness-box, and said he had forgotten to mention that the prisoner Flem ming came to him, and said, " This is a bad job. I'm afeared it will be a six months' job for me." Jones said there was but one light on the back of the lug gage train, though there was three. William Hood was next examined—He said he was a breaksman to the South-Western Railway Com pany, and was on the up-luggage train, of which the prisoner was the driver and starter, on Friday night last. It was rather a weighty train, having 31 wag gons and trucks. It was not a moonlight night; on the contrary, he thought it rather foggy at the time ; particularly in patches where the water was close. Thought it was so foggy that a light at a dis tance would be rather dim. He was in the 29th car , ' riage, and could not see any light unless he looked out at the side of the carriage. The train he should decidedly say could be stopped before it came to the passenger train if there had been a good look-out. Could net say whether such a train could have been stopped at the distance of three-quarters of a mile from the passenger train. Directly he heard the whistle he felt that the engine was reversed. The shock was so great just then, that something struck him on the head, which ren dered him insensible for a moment or so. The first alarm he heard was that of Mr. Ward shouting ; and, on looking out, he only saw the light of the luggage engine, and no other light. He was in a second-class carriage, where there was no break, and therefore could not assist in stopping the train. The reason he was in the second-class carriage was because there was no second road-box in the train. In reply to the prisoner, this witness said that the train went somewhat faster in the Firmley cutting than when it came out of it. The prisoner Jones, who declined to cross-examine the witnesses while under examination, here requested they might be called back one at a time, the others remaining out of court. This was done, and Mr. Young being the first he cross-examined him at some length, but did not elicit anything material. In conclusion, he asked him if after the accident he had examined the engine and the breaks to ascertain if the former had been reversed and the latter put properly down, but the witness said he was so occupied with,: and anxious about the safety of the passengers, that he did not do so. Brownsmith was also cross-examined at great length by Jones. He admitted that he had not placed detonating balls on the rails, as directed by the 47th rule, nor had •he gone to the next station, but h had, he said, directed the guard of the luggage-train to go. This man, when called, denied that he had been so sent by Brownsmith, but acknowledged he had proceeded back down the line to stop the luggage train; Hood, on being questioned by the prisoner about the time, referred to his table, and it was proved he had a wrong one. The prisoner Jones, after a lengthened examination, declared tkat it was impossible for him, from the slippery state of the rails, the weight of the train he had behind him, and his being at the time on an inclined plane, and his not seeing the signals or lights, to have avoided the accident; and declared that as soon as he saw the danger he did everything in his power to avoid it. The evidence, he said, was not sufficiently strong to warrant his being further detained, and therefore he hoped his worship would discharge him, or at least allow him to go at large upon such bail as he et:mid conveniently secure, so as to prepare himself with such evidence as would be necessary to rebut the charge so strongly urged against him. The other prisoner said nothing in defence. Mr. Clalow remarked that the evidence of the wit ness Hood proved the necessity of having the testi mony of the guard, Fortescue, who was at present in the hospital, and he therefore should request that the prisoners might be remanded to a future day, when he should attend. Mr. Elliott inquired when it was likely he would he able to attend, and A gentleman present replied that it was the opi nion of his medical attendant, that however favour able he might go on, it would be a month or two before he would be in a situation to leave the hospital. Mr. Elliott said he could not think of keeping the prisoners all that time ; but should remand them for a fortnight. Jones asked if he could be admitted to bail, and was told he could, on giving security, himself in 200/., and two housekeepers in 100/. each. Mr. Woods, the coroner for "West Surrey, applied to Mr. Elliott, during the proceedings, for permission to allow the prisoners to be taken to Woking the fol lowing (this) day, in order that they might be pre sent at the adjourned inquest to be holden on the body of the deceased, but the magistrate told him he had no power or authority to do so. RAILWAY BRIDGE OVER THE FALLS OF NIAGARA. I have been intensely interested to-day in listening to a description, from a well-informed and competent source, of the great bridge over the g o rge that sepa rates the dominions of the Queen from those of the President. If anything could be wanting in the at traction of the country about Niagara to turn thither the tour of the multitudes in the pleasure season, this bridge will supply it. Its thousands of tons weight of the strongest iron cord that the ingenuity of the ironmaster can desire find a safe support in wrought iron anchors built in the solid rock 100 feet below the surface, so that before it could yield, the very rock-bound earth would forsake its tenacity. A large wooden framework is to be placed so that no undulating motion can be experienced. In full sight of the cataract the eurgo of angry Tvatair3 far beneath--the sullen storm-beaten rocks all around—the quick locomotive will put forth all its quickness to (rush beyond the peril of its journey. This glorious work is already begun, the money for its cost paid in and available, the ex cavations commenced, and the contractor is to cross on horseback by the middle of next June. Its firm ness is to be such that with all the burden of a power ful locomotive and a long attendant train -of "cars it is not to vibrate one inch in the centre. The rail way is to occupy the centre, two carriageways on either side, and two footways. What a magnificent spectacle this road in full use will present! A road of this kind over the Menai Straits in Wales is famous for the daring displayed in its construction. That over the Niagara will soon be world-famed. It will be an iron link of civi lization between the two ruling Powers of the world, and will never be severed. One of the first thoughts that present themselves in refer ence t o the construc tion is, as to how the wires are to be throw The steam-boat now used b e l ow th e Falls is t across. o e over two cables, to whi c h s t ran d s o f i ron are a ed . These are to be drawn over till two ropes of iron are drawn over, on which a temporary pathway is to be placed—and when I inquired were workmen could be found who had nerve enough to work effectually under such circumstances, the answer, so character istic of American strength of action, was, " Oh, there are always plenty of Yankees who have both the courage to work there, and the ingenuity to work well.' The great railway in Canada which is to he connected with this mighty work presents some ad mirable features. Its grade is over 20 feet, and a very large proportion of the distance is on a straight line. On one line, perfectly straight, 90 miles are laid out. All the highways of the country are to pass either over or under the road, by depression or elevation, so that there will be neither obstacle nor hinderance to a flight which will put more life into the provincial dominion of her Britannic Majesty than it has yet seen. " That same " province of Canada West has yet to see great days. England expends millions on sections of her great dominion far less worthy of her notice and fostering care. " The last link " is completed when this great bridge of the Cataract shall have been completed. From Boston and New York an unbroken line is presented, and the day is soon coming when some correspondent of THAMES. HORRIBLE DEPRAVITY.—John Jackson, a journey man gunrneker, of Umberstone-street, St. George in the East, aged 37, was brought before Mr. Yardley, charged with a criminal assault on the persons of his own daughters, Esther Jackson, aged nine years, and Maria Jackson, aged twelve years. The evidence is not fit for publication. The prisoner was fully committed for trial. THE ACCIDENT ON THE SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY. Yesterday, 'William Jones and Lewis Flemming (the former an engine-driver and the latter a stoker in the service of the South-Western Railway Com pany) were placed at the bar of the Lambeth Police court, before Mr. Elliott, for further examination on a charge of having caused the death of David Mark land, on Friday night last. Captain Laffin attended from the Board of Trade, to :watch the proceedings. Mr. Stovin, the manager of the traffic department, Mr. Godson, Mr. Bartle, Mr. Young, with Mr. Clalow (from the office of Messrs. Bercham, Dalrymple and Co., solicitors), were also present ; And Mr. Games, solicitor, was present on behalf of Brownsmith, ;one of the com pany's guards, who had been in custody. Mr. Young, the assistant-superintendent on the South-Western Railway, was the first witness called, and the evidence which he gave on' Saturday last having been read over to him, he further stated, that while the passenger train was stationary he saw the laggage train, of which the prisoners were the driver and stoker, come out of the Frimley-cutting, which was about three miles from where the passenger-train was standing, and it was his opinion, that had any effort been used, it might have been stopped before the collision. Witness did not know of his own knowledge, but understood there was a fall from Frimley cutting to Pulbery embankment, and that the gradient was 1 foot in 333. He felt satisfied, that had the prisoners kept a proper look-out, they must have seen the signal lights behind the passen ger train. Mr. CeaLow here requested Mr. Young to read the 65th rule, which was as follows : " During the whole of the journey the engineman must keep a sharp look-out forward, standing in such a position as will enable him immediately to work his engine as may be required, and so that he may instantly observe any obstruction which may be upon the road, or signal which may he given to him for his guidance, to which he must pay instant attention, whether he knows or understands why it is given or not. The fireman must also keep a sharp look• out forward, and frequently backwards to the train, to see that all is right, and be prepared to receive any signals from the guard ; and he must be in a position to use the break upon the instant appearance of any signal or obstruction, and remain there until the train is brought to rest, or in such a manner as may be required. " In reply to the questions of Mr. Elliott, Mr. Young said, that seeing the luggage train approach at such a rate, and perceiving no disposition to stop, he desired Mr. Ward, one of the company's clerks, to proceed down the line, and he (Mr. Young) also ran down the line about sixty yards from the passenger train, when he heard Mr. Ward halloo out, and afterwards heard the whistle, but immediately after the collision took place. Thought he should have heard the whistle if it had been blown before Mr. Ward, who was some distance ahead of him, called out. Mr. Young here read the third signal, as given in the book of rules furnished to all the come pany's servants, and which is as follows :—" A red lamp by night, and a red flag by day, or any signal, whatever colour, violently waved, shows that an engine must stop immediately." William Whiting was next called into the witness box, and his former evidence was read over to him. He now stated that the under-guard, Brownsmith, had started from the passenger train with his signal twenty minutes previous to any appearance of the luggage-train coming. It was between three and tour miles from Frimley cutting to where the pas senger-train was stopping when the accident hap pened. He had no doubt that he could have seen the back light at the back of the passenger-train and that the prisoners could have done so too if they had kept a proper look-out from Frimley cutting. He heard no whistle blow until after he heard loud voices of " Hold hard 1" He had not the least doubt that if the prisoners had turned off the steam and applied the break properly, as soon as they came from the cut ting, the train might have been stopped. He had no experience, however, in luggage trains, having been for the nine years he was employed on the line a guard of passenger trains. When the passenger train stopped, Brownsmith, the second guard, came to him (witness), and asked if he had not better go back to signal and stop the next up-train, and he replied that he had, upon which he went away, taking his usual signal-lamp, which consisted of three lights, red, green, and white. He (witness) came from Southampton on Friday afternoon, with the passenger train, and Brownsmith came from Gosport, and both trains joined at Bishopstoke, when he (witness) became the head or senior guard of the whole train, and Brownsmith the second; but, from Gosport to Bishopstoke, he (Brownsmith) was principal guard of his train. It was the custom on the line, agreeable to the rules, for each guard to receive a certain num ber of signals and keep them in his van to use them when necessity required. Brownsmith, he supposed, had his proper number of signals, and the proper place for keeping them was in his van, and quite apart from where witness kept his. Witness did not examine after the accident to ascertain if there were any of the fog or detonating signals in Brownsmith's van. George Tamfield was next called, and deposed to the fact of taking the prisoners into custody, and said that Jones denied seeing any signal. Mr. Clalow here said that, before calling the next witness, he begged to correct a statement which had gone forth to the public with the proceedings of the last examination. By that statement it was made to appear that it was imperative on the guards and other officers of the company sent out to signal trains to stop to use the detonating signals, but this, as would be seen by the 13th rule, was not absolutely neces sary in all cases. And if a proper look-out, or the necessary caution had been taken by the prisoners, the signals given were sufficient to have prevented the accident. Mr. Elliott remarked that it was his impression at first that the use of the fog signals was imperative; but, on reading the 47th rule and the 13th rule, he found that it was not, and therefore it was that he discharged Brownsmith, feeling that it was impossible to bring a criminal charge against him. Samuel Brownsmith was [lieu ,ailed, sus etatsd that he was guard of the Gosport up passenger train on Friday afternoon last, and joined the Southampton up-train at Bishopstoke. When the joist train stopped on Purbright embankment he went to the principal guard and asked him if he should go back to stop the up-train ? The principal guard desired him to do so. On going back about half a mile he saw the white light of the luggage train directly it emerged from Frimley cutting. Before it came out of the cutting, he heard the rattle caused by it, and his attention being, therefore, directed to the commenc ing of the cutting, he saw the train approach from there. As it approached he exhibited his lantern with the red light, which is the danger-signal, and waved it so as to indicate danger and show those in charge of the coming train that they were to stop ; exhibited this light the moment he saw the train come out of the cutting, and continued to do se for full a quarter of a mile while proceeding to meet it. Heard no whistle from the train all that time ; had there been one he must have heard it. When the train passed he l n o o o t ke s d ee at a te n n y tiv o e n ly e. tohh a e d en t ti e ne p in r and so tender, e r,o r either of them, been standing in t heir p roper place, iune when observedthe l oe k- o t u h t e , m t h . e Witness e li s a s ve wasse e o n n h t i h m e heo dw r o P n.l and on he endeavoured to signalsoutlhde haveprisoners,stood and n theythe r i ghtw er e on the up. Jones h de of the engine , and, had he been there, he must have seen him. No effort was made, that he observed, to stop the train, nor had the whistle been sounded for a minute or two after it had passed him. When the luggage-train passed him he was three-quarters of a mile, or as near to it as possible, from the pas senger train. He should say that the steam was not reversed at the time the luggage train passed him. There are two guards attached to luggage trains ' but he could not say whether there were t w o on the lug gage train in question, as he did not see them. He could see the three lights at the back of the stationary passenger train perfectly plain from the furthest dis tance he had gone to on the line. He had never been a guard of a luggage train, and could not speak as to the difficulty, or otherwise, of stopping them. It was his firm belief and conviction that, had the prisoners kept a proper look- out, there was abundance of space to stop the train and prevent the accident. Mr. Charles Smith Ward, a clerk on the South- Western Railway, said he was a p assen g er in the Bi 4 ~ r yours will delineate the incidents of a thirty hours' journey from the metropolis to Detroit. Such are the movements and the progresses in support of which all may unite, and which mark a busy day.— New York Courier and Inquirer. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, J. 19. STOCK EXCHINGH.—The Share Market to-day has been steady, and, with the exception of London and North-Wes tern Stock, prices are better. The sales are—Caledonian, 36 —Lancashire and Yorkshire, Fifths, par—Ditto, Halves (late L. and B.), 9 dis.—London and North-Western, 152 1 7 i Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, Preference, 1 4 p.— Midland, 114—Ditto, 401. Shares, 44 c.—Ditto, New Halves, 1 1 % c. dis.—North British, Now Quarters (Scrip), par— North Staffordshire, c. p.—Shrewsbury and Chester, 101. Preference, 2% p. —South-Eastern and Dover, N 0.4, 1% dis.—York, Newcastle, and Berwick (G. N. E. Purchase), p.—York and North Midland, East and West Riding Extension, 35%. MANCHESTER, J. 19. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—East Lancashire, New, 3% dis.—Ditto, New Quarters, c. dis.—Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junction, 2% s die.—London and North-Western ( Manchester and Birmingham), 60 % c.— Ditto, Quarters (B), 4 p.—Maachester, Sheffield, and Lin colnshire, Preference, 1-16 p.—North Staffordshire, par— South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4, 1 11-16 dis.—York, New castle, and Berwick, Extensions, No. 2,2%. LEEDS, JAN. 19. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—East Lancashire, Now, 3 1 4 n. dis.—East and West Yorkshire, 6 dis.—Leeds and Thirsk, ls3i t n. dis.—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 2% dis.—North British, Halves, 12%—Ditto, Thirds, 2s. n. p.—Ditto, Extension, ls. dis.—North Stafford shire, 2s. 6d. p.—Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, VA dis. York, Newcastle, and Berwick, Preference, 1 3 / 4 p.—Ditto, No. 2 (New 13erwieks).2% p. BIRMINGHAM, JAR. 19. STOCK EiCHANGE.—The sales are—York and North Midland, Preference, 7p. ex int.—North Staffordshira, p. —Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A.), 3 1 4 dis. ex int.—Ditto (B), 435. 9d. dis. ex int.—Shropshire Union, 2% dis. ex int. YORK, JAN. 18. STOCK EXcIIANGE.—The sales are— Great Northern, 45v 8 — North British, Halves, 12—Ditto, Quarters, 4/. Bs. 6d.— York, Newcastle, and Berwick (Original Newcastle and Ber wick), 31 1 4—Ditto (G. N. E. Purchase), 9%. GLASGOW, JAN. 17. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Clydesdale Junc tion, 59 3 /—Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, 100 1 4—Ditto, 401. Shares, 40 1 4—Ditto, Half Shares, No. 1,7 1 -I t —Glasgow and Garnkirk, Quarters, 9—Glasgow and Greenock, 16 % North British, Thirds, 39—Ditto, New Quarters (Scrip), 10a. 9d.—York and North Midland,9%. THE OVERLAND INDIA MAIL. The two routes now adopted, either to or from India, are, by Southampton direct, by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's packets, on the 3d and 20th of each month, to Gibraltar, Malta, and Alexandria; or through France, on the 7th and 24th of each month, to Marseilles, and thence to Egypt. The Outward Route—First line— From England to Aden, Bombay, Ceylon, Madras, and Calcutta ; Penang, Singapore, and Hong Kong on the 20th of every month. The company's steamers (vessels of about 1,500 tons and 450 horse power), start from Southampton at two r.m., and after calling at Gibraltar and Malta, and receiving at the latter place the mail of the 24th from England, brought from Marseilles to Malta by her Majesty's steamers, arrive at Alexandria in about 16 days from Southampton. Passengers are conveyed through Egypt by the Transit Administration of his Highness the Pacha of Egypt. The mode of transit is as follows :-Ist. Alexandria to Atfeh, a distance of 48, miles, by the MahmoudiehCanal, in large track boats, towed by a steam-tug of 67-horse power. 2d. From Atfeh, at the junction of the canal with the Nile to Boulac (the port of Cairo), a distance of 120 miles, by the river Nile in steamers. 3d. Cairo to Suez, a distance of about 70 miles across the desert, performed in carriages and omnibuses, &c. The entire journey from Alexandria to Suez is per formed with ease in about 60 hours, including a night's rest at Cairo, and a sufficient time for re freshment and repose at the central station between Cairo and Suez. The passengers there embark on board one of the Company's steamers for Ceylon, Madras, and Calcutta (vessels of about 1,800 tons, 500-horse power) which start from Suez about the 10th of every month, calling first at Aden where they coal and transfer passengers and mails for Bom bay to the Hon. East India Company's steamers. The steamer then proceeds to Ceylon, arriving there in about 17 days, at Madras in about 22 days, and at Calcutta in about 27 days from Suez, including all stoppages. Passengers for Penang, Singapore, and Hong Kong leave the main line at Ceylon, and there embark in one of the company's steamers for Ceylon, Madras, and Calcutta (vessels of about 1,800 tons and 500-horse power), which arrive at Penang in about six days, at Singapore in nine days, and Hong Kong in about 16 days from Ceylon, including all stoppages. The length of time, therefore, of the voyage to India and China by the overland route is as follows :—England to Bombay, 35 days ; Ceylon, 40 ; Madras, 45 ; Calcutta, 48 ; Penang, 46 ; Singa pore, 49 ; and Hong-Kong, 56 days. Second line— England to Aden and Bombay. —A 'second line of the Company's steamers leave Southampton on the 3d of every month for Gibraltar and Malta, where the pas sengers and mails are transferred to their steamer Ariel for Alexandria. On arriving at Suez passen gers embark on board the Hon. East India Company's steamers for Bombay, making 35 days from England to Bombay. Third line—Through France via Mar seilles.—The following are the distances to the dif ferent ports :—To Leghorn,2s7 miles; CivitaVecchia, 380 ; Naples, 543 ; Malta, 897 ; Syra, 1,456 • Athens, 1,531; Smyrna, 1,618 ; Dardanelles, 1,771 ; Con stantinople, 1,921 ; Alexandria, 1,943 miles. The mails to Gibraltar, Egypt, India, &c., via Southamp ton, were made up this morning, the 20th instant, via Southampton, and on the evening of the 24th instant, via Marseilles. MURDEROUS ATTACK NEAR WIGAN.-On ]?riday night last a most daring robbery, accompanied with vio lence of a desperate character, .was perpetrated at Dean lock, on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, about four miles from Wigan. From the information we have received, at a little past midnight three men attacked the watch man (whose name, we believe, is Richard Molyneux) in charge of the office and lock, and who also, at the time, , had under his care a considerable sum of money. For some time he fought with them in a moat determined manner, and so far succeeded as to cause a rather hasty retreat before the office drawers and desk could be care fully examined. The thieves having taken possession of a bag of money, were leaving the office, when the watchman followed tht m out, armed with a poker. One of the party here seized an axe, and another cried out— ' Cleave his skull," or words to that effect, when the watchman boldly faced and disarmed the villain ; the other two, however, coming to his assistance, Moly neux was overpowered and much beaten, and he was afterwards thrown into the canal, in a deep part, near the mouth of the lock; and had he not fortunately been a good swimmer, must hare been drowned. The villains then e s caped, and Molyneux after swimming some dis tance, got out of ,the water. We understand that the thieves, in their hurry out of the office, left behind them a bag gold of morn value than the one taken, and which, had a careful search been made, could not have escaped observation. A boat had passed the lock only about five minutes previous to the attack; the parties in charge of it heard a noise, but conceiving it, as they said, to arise from a man and his wife quarrelling, they pro ceeded without talt . n4 any notice. No clue has, we be lieve, been had to the thieves.—Liverpool Mercury. FREE TRADE DEMONSTRATION AT MANCHESTER. —The arrangements for the free trade banquet are being proceeded with in the most spirited manner, the demand for tickets and the promises of presence on the part of distinguished free-traders being alike such as to give assurance that the gathering will go off with the greatest eclat. In addition to the free-trade Members of Parlia ment already announced, the names of John Williams, Esq., M.P. for Macclesfield, and of Arthur Anderson. Esq., M.P. for Orkney and Shetland (the " Ultima Thule" of the British empire), have been sent in to the committee. The oterrarda aro to bo ballottea on Saturday evening. • DECREASE OF CRIME AT OLDHAM.—Notwithstand ing the extremely distressed state of the labouring classes, there has been of late a remarkable decrease in the number of police cases at the petit sessions. The state of crime was scarcely ever known to be so light.— Manchester Examiner. [ADVERTISEMENT.] - REMARKABLE CURE OF UL CERS BY HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PlLLS.—Extraet of a letter from Hampton, New Brunswick, dated Feb, 10, 1846. "To Pro fessor Holloway.—Sir, A son of mine, sixteen years of age, was affected with ulcers on his limbs and body for more than three years, from which :mall pieces of bone had been removed from time to time. I applied to several medical men in St. John's, but all to no pqrpose ; I was then induced to try your ointment and pills, which made a complete cure. Several months have since elapsed, and there is not the slightest appearance of their return.—(Signed) JAMES WETMORE." These medicines are sold by all druggists, and at Pro fessor Holloway's establishment, 244. Strand. London. 81112711,5. On the 13th mat, at Skelllngton, Leice4ershire, Mrs, G. C. Neale, of a son. On the 14th inst., at Richmond-grove, Lansdown, Bath, the lady of Edwin T. Caulfield, Esq., of a son. On the 16th inst., at Badger Rectory, Salop, the wife of the Rev. T. F. Boddington, of a son. On the 16th inst., at Dittisham, the Lady Henry Keer, of a daughter. On the 17th inst., in King William-street, City, Madame Mariot de Beauvoisin, of a daughter. _ _ On the 18th inst., at Cumberland-terrace, Regent's-park, the wife of J. A. T. Smyth, Esq., of a son. On the 18th inst,, in Russell-square, the wife of J. Robert Kenyon, Esq., of a son. On the 17th inst., at Myddelion-square, Mrs. Thomas Glover, of a daughter. MARRIED. On the 15th inst., at Trinity Church, Stepney, Edwin Morgan, Esq., of Abridge, Essex, to Catherine Jane, only daughter of William Andrews, Esq., of Mile-end. DIED. On the 17th inst., at Powis Castle, the Right Hon. Edward Herbert, Earl of Powis, K.G , aged 63. On the 14th ult., at Florence, Sir James Annealey, late President of the Medical Board at Madras. On the 15th inst., at Southwell, Notts, Colonel Francis Sherlock, KAI., late of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, and a Justice of the Peace for the county of Nottingham. On the 17th inst., in Upper Seymour-street, Connaught square, Henry Maddison Combe, the only child.of Sir Robert and Lady Horsford. London : Printed and Published by MU.RDO YOUNG-, at No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in tie Precinct of tie Savoy, is the eon* of kliddloloz, Thursday, January 20, MS. Pr •