The Sun. — London, England, 1866-12-04 00:00:00

THe REFORM DEMONSTRATION. ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS, The marching pace was at first at the rate of three luiles an hour, and the men were so anxious to get out of the Park that whenever the horsemen and the carriages at the head of the procession were enabled to push on they fairly went off at the double. The crowd on either side seconded their attempts and activity so well, by preserving order for them, that the rate of progress of the head of the column may be stated throughout the route at two miles and a half an hour, stoppages included. The principal thoroughfares from Regent-circus to Old Brompton showed none of the sympathy ex pressed by flags, colours, and banners. In the Brompton-road the flag of the Reform League—a not very bright or attractive tricolour of red, blue, and green—began to be visible at various points, and the ladies at the windows waved a more cordial welcome. At the Admiral Keppel Tavern and else where streamers were shown. Seats to view the pro cession were extemporised and advertised to be let, but while the number of spectators in windows and balconies increased, the number of spectators on the foot pavement diminished. There was here a steady and continuous stream westward, and these ardent Reformers were soon to become by their numbers a source of unforeseen difficulty and embarrassment. At Walham-green a large body of mounted and foot police were drawn up. The procession had now to traverse a narrower road, and here, as many had foreseen, the real " pinch" began. The grand car riage entrance was by a gate in the North-end-road, and this wag the only entrance for the possessors of tickets, whether they presented themselves in car riages, in a mass of independent foot passengers, or in the procession. The consequence was that when the mounted farriers arrived they found the narrow approach to the only entrance in the pos session of a mob of persons holding tickets. It was exceedingly difficult, if not ungracious, to force a way for the carriages through such a crowd, but it had to be done. The men themselves submitted to this displace ment with as much good temper as could have been expected, but a mob of roughs, with their usual in stinct for scenes of confusion, had established them selves at this spot, and reaped a rich harvest. They snatched breast-pins from gentlemen in the carriages, opened both doors at once, and almost dragged the occupants out, and when they had alighted robbed them of everything they could lay their hands upon. One gentleman, from Leeds, lost his gold watch, and not a few were roughly handled by these ruffians in attempting to defend their persons and property. One set of roughs had the audacity to take the linch pins out of a carriage in order to get its occupants more completely in their power. If the police arrangements were in any respect faulty it was at this point. A strong police force appeared to be wanted at the entrance gate to hold the thieves in check and preserve the peace. The mounted Farriers did what they could. They charged now and then among these desperadoes, and ex pelled a few from the crowd, and at length formed a half circle with their horses to keep the gateway clear. As the pressure increased, the difficulty of entering the grounds caused continual and more frequent delays in the line of march. Additional obstacles were imposed by the necessity of breaking the procession, in order to allow the traffic so long suspended at the side streets to intersect the line of route. From these causes combined the later sub divisions of the procession were stopped every few yards, and only enabled to approach Beaufort-house at a snail-pace. From the same causes alsothe cur rent flowing into the grounds was exceedingly inter mittent. An interval of five or ten minutes some times occurred between the ingress of each body of trades, and this was the case with sections as high in the list and as early in their arrival as the Glass workers and Ropemakers. It soon became evident that very few of the Second Division of the procession could enter the grounds, and prompt measures were taken to cutthe procession in halves and shunt the remainder into a side road. This was rendered the more necessary from the state of the weather. A cold, drizzly, and uncomfortable rain had set in, and the independent ticket-holders, as distinguished from those who marched in the procession, began to move towards the only gate alike of egress and ingress. A marshal was sent down the line to stop the procession and march the Third Division out of the way. Ile arrivel at the Temperance Societies, ex plained the case, transmitted his orders, and they were promptly and cheerfully obeyed. At this mo ment there was a quarter of a mile of trades' and friendly societies still struggling on, in some slender hope that their march through mud and rain would be rewarded by an entrance into the grounds and by participating in the pleasures of eloquence and of sense by turns offered by the platform and the canteen. Thus, it will be seen, almost as soon as the meet ing began the crowd within the grounds began to disperse. At no time could all the friends of the League who in the course of the day gained ad mission to Beaufort-house grounds be seen together. No means of judging of the number present could thus be obtained by the eye alone, and when the " fib" w as passed down the line tolerably harmless that the grounds were full and no more could be admitted, it may safely be asserted the grounds could easily have held three times the number who were then present. The behaviour of every individual member of the procession had been admirable. Not a si ng l e man among all those assembled thousands was seen to exhibit the least symptom of intoxication, although the inclemency of the weather, the not infre quent showers, the state of the roads, and the fatigue of being so many hours afoot, might well have excused at any other time a resort to some form of alcoholic stimulant. The temper, pa tience, and good humour of the processionists were as remarkable and as praiseworthy as their sobriety. It is a pity that men who bad kept the peace so well themselves should have been exposed, at the most critical point of the day's proceed ings, to the violence and ruffianism of the very scum of the population of the metropolis. The scene of tumult and confusion which had been clearly foreseen actually occurred, at the one en trance to the ground, and the narrow approach to it, between half-past 3 and half-past 4 o'clock. The exact time may seem to be vaguely given, but at that particular place it would have been the height of imprudence to attempt to lock at a watch. That element of the London population with which it is so difficult to deal on public occasions had per ceived instinctively that here at least, if nowhere else, it would sooner or later have a chance of turn ing a scene of inevitable struggling and confusion to profitable account. The roughs had collected in some force here, as we have seen, in the early part of the day, and their number increased while the first division of the procession was passing through the gate. About half-past 3 o'clock, when the trades forming the first division had passed in and those heading the second division were coining up, it was found necessary not to augment the numbers on the wound, so as to enable them to leave it within the stipulated time. As the rain continued to fall those s.wh° had been on th e groun d b egan t o l eave it i n increasi ns . numbe rs , and came through the gate in a closely -packed crowd. , Immediately outside they met a strong current proceeding in an opposite direction, and now and then attempting t to march to the music of a band. The conflicting ng cr ow d s came i n t o v i o l ent collision. At one time that which was makins• its egress seemed to carry all before it. Then it N e ' vas, for a few .minutes and a as it were, dammed u p fragment of the processio n made som e way towards the gate. Some even forced their way through the gate into the ground, determined not to stop short of their destination. Others more Wisely judged that it was best to get out of the way as quickly as possible, and they gladly passed by the gate. Some times the mounted farriers covered and protected the processionists, but their ranks were often broken by passing traffic. Short and narrow as the lane is from which the ground is entered, no effort was made at either end to keep vehicles out. Spring carts, hansoms, cabs, and carriages were permitted to pass both ways, with the current or against it, and drove into the midst of the reeling, eddying crowd. Here for a time they would become fizef3y THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENINVr, DECEMBER 4, 1866 THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR-GENERAL SHIP OF THE ARMY. (From the Lancet.) Notwithstanding the present unpopular and most unsatisfactory condition of the Army Medical De partment, which must be apparent to even the cur sory reader either of the general or the medica press, we think that there are various indications of a better time coming for the department. We wish in our present remarks to direct its attention, and that of the profession, to one circumstance, which , if rightly used, may contribute more largely than any other to the advent of this better time. •In a few months hence, we believe, expires the term of • office of the present director-general, Sir James Gibson. Our readers will be aware that of late the director-general has been appointed for a limited time--seven years. We need scarcely say that the profession generally, and the medical le partment of the army in particular, will await with intense curiosity and interest the action of the War- office in reference to this ,vacancy. General Peel will not have many more responsible duties to dis charge than the nomination of a director-general. Upon the choice made it largely depends whether au army career is to be once more popular with the best students in our profession, and whether, on the occurrence of another war, we are to avoid a break down in the medical department of the service, which would be more disastrous and discreditable than anything which has yet happened either in the the Crimea or China or Bermuda. It is well, in deed, for the credit of this branch of the service that at present our foreign relations are satisfactory. It may be taken for granted that there will not be a reappointment of the present director-general. We do not attribute to him any more than his fair share of responsibility for the present state of the service. Many of the faults of it may probably be traced back to the time when the director-general's office was held in permanency , . But the experiment of periodical appointments is now being tried. It is quite possible that such an appointment may be made as would at the expiration of another seven years warrant a reappointment of the holder. The contentment of the medical service, the good sani tary condition of the troops, and the general re spect of the public and of the profession for the department, might make such a reappointment a duty. It will not be maintained that such a state of matters exists now. This may be Sir James Gibson's fault, or it may not. We are not concerned to settle this point. But we hold that the general condition of the army is such by un versal consent as to indicate the duty of allowing another man of standing in the medical department to try his hand at the head of medical affairs. That this course will be pursued is the more probable, as, according to rumour, the health of the director general is not good, and is such as to be much more likely to be benefited by rest than by reappoint ment. The reappointment of Sir J. Gibson being, then, improbable, it only remains to ransack the depart ment for a suitable successor. It may here be re marked that in recent appointments there has been no slavish following of the principle of seniority. That principle was not observed in the selection of the present director-general, when perhaps half a dozen men of senior standing were passed over. Still less was it followed in the appointment of Mr. Alex ander, who really represented the principle of pro gress in the department. In his case probably a score at least of seniors were passed over. It would be unpardonable indeed at any time, and especially now, at the present crisis of the medical branch of the service, were the War-office to be guided by any other feeling than a conscientious wish to find and to appoint the best man that can be found. We have little reason to think that the office will not act upon the highest and purest public motives. General Peel is rather puzzling us by his delay in the matter of the missing warrant ; but he has to an enviable degree the confidence of our profession and of the department itself. He is surrounded by men like Captain Galton and Dr. Sutherland, who have reputations for having the well-being of the army at heart, and for eagerly appreciating the suggestions of one who represents the in- telligent humanity of the country in every thing appertaining to the welfare of the British sol dier. We are quite disposed, then, to believe that the War-office will only be anxious to make the best possible use of the opportunity which is about to occur of making the best appointment. Nothing but the appointment of an inferior man shall shake our faith in its intention to do rightly in this matter. It would be a very invidious and disagreeable pro cedure to discuss the various claims of men who, from their position and character, may think the:n selves entitled to this appointment. We are happily not under may necessity to do this. High up among the men from among whom, by all the rules of the department, a director-general must be appointed, is one conspicuously fit for the position, who in his long and varied service in Malta, Bermuda, in the Crimea, India, China, and Canada, has shown the possession of every kind of ability. In our notice of the army blue-book of last year we had occasion to remark upon a paper on pn eumon i a b y Dr. Mu i r, inspector-general, C. 8., written i n th e t rue sp i r i t o f p a rpelaciialotisool the present co n diti on o f medicalp physician, and with th e k eenes t ap preciation of science. The expedition to Pekin in 1860 was, in a medical point of view, one of the most satisfactory expeditions on record. It called forth the enco miums of Lord Herbert and of Parliament. The credit of the medical success of that expedition in an unhealthy country, where we have lately had such different experience, is confessedly due to the medical and administrative ability of Dr. Muir. _ _ Vof doing such a service todepartment thiceaagineno a 3 as by the appointment of a direc tor-general with a clear judicial mind ; with the power of influencing others, and of inspiring them with esteem and confidence; one who would be able to vindicate in all proper ways the claims of the department and of its members ; and who, by his administrative and medical qualities, would be likely not only to maintain the highest health prac ticable among the troops, but to make the experi ence of the army everywheie contributive to the furtherance of medical and sanitary science. We believe that Dr. Muir answers to this description, and that, as much as any man, he represents the spirit and views of Mr. Alexander, whose premature death must be esteemed as a great misfortune to this department. There is t+ ne other circumstance in Dr. Muir's history, which has a most important bearing on the question of his fitness for the office under discussion. He is inspector-general of Canada. The recent report of the Army Medical Department states that Dr. Muir visited, during the late war, the camps of the United States army, and that he is preparing an official report of this visit. Dr. Muir has, doubtless, informed himself of the best results of the experience of the medical department of the American army. _ _ _ This is no time for personal flattery ; but it is a time for the earnest expression of opinion. We know nothing of Dr. Muir but what may be gathered of him from the records of Parliament and of the Army Medical Department ; but we should not be true to the claims of the service on the one hand, or of a most meritorious officer on the other, if we did not speak out now. We believe that such an ap pointment as that indicated would do more than any other step to restore the efficiency of the medical de partment, and that in making it the 'War-office would have the approval of the public, of the medi cal department, and of the profession at large. The Prince de Ligne is the happy possessor of a curiosity of literature which ought not to be with held from the forthcoming Exhibition. It consists of a book neither written nor printed, which bears the title " Liber Passonis nostri Jesu Christi, cum characteribus nulla materia composite,." All the letters are cut out of the finest vellum and pasted on blue paper, and the reading is as easy as that of the best types. The precision with which these very small characters are cut excites unbounded admiration for the patience of their author. The German Emperor Rudolf H. is said to have offered, in 1640, the enormous sum of 11,000 ducats for this curious work of art. Strangely enough the book bears the English arms, though it is supposed never to have been in England. Mr. Chisholm Anstey's New Work. [SECOND NOTICE.] Plea of the Unrepresented Commons for Restitution of Franchise, an Historic Inquiry. By Thomas Chisholm Anstey, Esq . ., of the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple. A reviewer in the Anglo. American Times says:— " The grand maxim of the Constitution is, that its doctrines are not prescriptible by time, nor destruc tible by violence, but immortal as the island it pro tects. There is not an author however profound, not a teacher however elementary, who does not enforce the same doctrine. Fashion may change and does change. The tide of opinion may ebb and flow, and does ebb awl flow ; but the Constitution remains a rock on which the foundations of this old castle stands, at one time plainly visible above the elements around it, at another almost submerged under the full flow of the strong opinion of the day. Men are at all tim3s prone to the belief that the doctrine of the hour is the panacea for all legisla tive evils. But if they do but live long enough they will find the current of events set as strongly against the doctrine that was before so highly in favour. Many think in their wisdom they have discovered _ _ something new ; but the writings of the Constitu tion would show them, if they did but know it, that their new doctrine was as old as the Constitu tion itself. It is good for us that we should have such a rock to moor to. In it we know our position and we know our security. It stands and will stand for all time, and it teaches us both in precedent and principle—in theory and practice, in the records of the rise of the Commonwealth, and in those of its decline, the same lesson, and that lesson is—the subject's " Right." Amongst those rights that of the Parliamentary franchise has by degrees become the most important as all the functions of the Government are becoming more and more engrossed by those who happen for the hour to form the stand ing majority of the Lower House. The most strik ing of the cases cited by Mr. Austey is taken from the " Books of Oaths." The Coronation Oath and the Oath of Allegiance have varied much with the times. On the one side was the king and on the other the commonalty, as co-ordinate powers treat ing together and concluding a compact. The sub ject's claim of " rights" could not have been ques tioned, when the King's oath acknowledged in so many words the laws and customs of the people of England, and especially the laws, customs, and franchises granted by the glorious King Edward (the Confessor), for in him and other ancient right ful men and devout to God, who are the adminis trators of them, it was, and indeed is, the habit of our jurists to recognise the authors of those blessings. Not less distinctly was the now disputed right of the people to legislate acknowledged, and, what is remarkable, without mention of any other Estate ; for another clause of the same oath solemnly pledged the King " to keep and guard the laws and rightful customs which the commonalty of his realm should choose." While liberty endured that ancient formulary was ever in use. In the brief tyranny after the Reformation there was sub stituted the more convenient specification of " the laws and approved customs of the realm and lawful and not prejudicial to the Crown and Im perial jurisdiction which the nobles and people have made and chosen, with the King's consent"— words, which again during the reign of Edward VI., " for Mary discontinued the pretension," were en larged into a claim of right by the monarch to that initiative in legislation or the making of new laws, which, as we have seen, the ancient formulary acknowledged in the commonalty alone. Under the Stuarts, the laws and rightful customs which the commonalty of the kingdom have are once more mentioned, but at length, under the House of Nassau, the formidable word Commonalty was dropped altogether, and the name of Parliament inserted in its stead. The terms of the ancient Hyld Odh, or Oath of Allegiance, are equally in structive, and their variations still more significant. The modern liegeman promises true allegiance. If he be learned in the history of his country, in the maxims and practice of the Constitution, and not afflicted with the scepticism of the hour concerning the nature and origin of his own political rights, he knows that " true allegiance" is to be understood by him as by his Saxon forefathers. In the old time it stood thus :—" I will be faithful and true (hold and getriwe) to N—, on the condition that he pro tect (healde) me as I will deserve (earnian), and all that fulfil, which our precontract (forinrel) was when I to him submitted, and chose his will." The practice of the State has been answerable to that theory of Constitutional obedience, and more especially so of the question before us. If there be one maxim more trite than an other in that body of law that governs her Majesty's relations with her people, it is that which restrains her from levying their money or challenging their obedience otherwise than according to laws to which themselves have freely assented. That was ever the law under Octarchy as under Monarchy, under every ruling house, when Parliament was an un known name, when it was identical with Common wealth, in the cradle of the Constitution, and now in the fulness of its fortunes. During the last six and a half centuries•the powers and functions of the ancient courts and bodies have been absorbed in the present ascendancy of Parliament, but at no time was that popular consent less indispensable than now to the validity of the enactment of the tax, of the grant of array, of the vote of supply. It was not the case of this or that assembly or council, nor did the relative strength or weakness of those bodies suggest any exception or distinction. We have since adopted the doctrine that every majority is the quorum by which the whole community is bound. Yet the tradition remains untouched, that even the individual, if clearly and absolutely unre presented, is not so bound, albeit the whole com munity agree to bind him. Nor has this been disputed even in the worst of times, nor by the highest prerogative lawyers. When the Commons com menced the series of usurpations by which they succeeded in disfranchising the vast body of their countrymen they never sought to justify their course by disputing the known theory of the Constitution. The disfranchisement of hundreds and thousands of voters was decreed by a simple resolution upon pre text of certain rates and taxes being unpaid, al though the franchises were held by immemorial pre scription, and each impost but as yesterday. The Reform Act of 1832, which laid a similar condition upon the franchise thereby created, may have pro ceeded on some erroneous assumption as to the cha racter of those proceedings. They were entirely opposed both to principle and precedent. It is un true that the payment of rates and taxes is the only or chief end of the subject's allegiance. So long as his allegiance subsists his title subsists also to protection in every one of his rights, and the Elective Franchise is one of them. Nor can it be said as long as an impost is levied on tea and sugar, tobacco and drink, which articles he consumes, that he does not contribute to the public revenue. It will be impossible to justify, unless on higher ground than that of non-payment of taxesor rates, the exclusion of any class from the franchise. If it be true that taxation without representation is robbery, and that to bind the obedience of the sub ject to any new law it is necessary that it be con sented to by a Legislature in which he is repre sented, it follows that it is neither safe nor lawful for the Legislature to deny that franchise to any subject or class, not being under disability by reason of incapacity or crime. Every subject excluded without such cause is deprived pro tanto of that protection of the State which is the reciprocal condition of his allegiance unto it. And iu a free State like ours the consequences of so fatal a mis take are less likely to tarry than amongst a people who have not the instincts of freedom. It behoves members of the Legislature, therefore, to be very careful before they pronounce against the claim of any unrepresented class to the Elective Franchise. The rudiments of our earliest history are scanty, for it is in the primeval forest, in the armed host, in the field of warlike council, that we are to seek our true incunabula geniis. Yet it is precisely there we find the proof we want, the proof of the Freedman's capacity to hold and exercise every franchise of the body politic, without restriction or stint in respect to inferiority of worldly substance. This fact is certain, that all persons soever, and tenant of whom soever, not merely a chosen few, owed their suit and service to the king in some one or more of his courts, whether of the Parliament from above, or of the shire, or city, or borough, or town from below. The tenour of the Parliamentary writ of summons is one of many precedents from which that fact appears. According to its exigency the Constituent Court was required to cause election to be made by "all men "—and the sense of that phrase is pointed by the prefatory recital of the common interest and concernment of all men in the well-being of the State. Substantially that is still the language of every Queen's writ of summons, and the indenture of return is careful to follow it. We have throughout used Mr. Anstey's words; omitting the references, and we intend to close our notice of this Historic Inquiry by tracing out, by the data he has given us, the successive usurpa tions by which the Commons succeeded in depriving the vast body of Englishmen of the ancient rights which the Constitution of this 'lcahn accorded them. with the crowd pressing both shafts, and the horses' lowed speedily by the Hatters' Society, who heads turned first one way and then another, until marched well and quickly, headed by their the number of persons who had taken re uge in the band, and then another squadron of Farriers, rear of the vehicle became numerous enough to push it and horse together through the c owd on both sides. A brewers' drayman drove two heavy horses an 1 a large covered waggon into the crowd about the time when matters were at their worst. These passages of vehicles, however, afforded temporary relief by carrying off numbers who were glad to escape in their rear. In the crowd there were men of all ages, and many women and girls, and their continued calls and shouts produced a Babel of sounds. The roughs increased the confusion by rushing to and fro in bodies, and their endeavour seemed to be on each occasion to carry off a respect able person, and, by quite surrounding him and almost lifting him off his feet, to render it impossible for him to protect himself. One young man, well dressed in black, was seen to be literally swept away , backwards at such a rate and by such an overwhelm ing number of thieves that he was plundered with out resistance. The bystanders were quite power less to assist. A slight gap in the crowd, occasioned by the great speed with which the victim was pro pelled, revealed a dozen or more hands at his pockets. • Soon afterwards the same gang returned and passed the gate in the opposite direction, and immediately after they had done so a middle-aged man backed out of the crowd and exclaimed that the fellows had robbed and cleared out all his pockets. At another moment, a tall, powerful, well-dressed man, on discovering that his pocket was being tampered with, turned round and attempted to defend himself with a short whip. The roughs met the attack with equal promptitude and resolution, and the gentleman was surrounded and put hors de combat as quickly as if all about him were privy to the plot. Others took his part, and there was a short, sharp, and general fight before the ruffians retreated. A little later two or three mounted policemen came up and rode to and fro. Looking down upon the crowd from the midst of it, they rendered pocket-picking opera tions a little more difficult One officer was seen to point in a certain direction and beckon to another, and in a minute they unkennelled and drove out of the crowd half a dozen men and lads who were un mistakeably of the criminal class. This exciting scene lasted about an hour. Once or twice a pick pocket was caught and carried off a prisoner. About half-past 4 o'clock, when all the advancing proces sionista had been turned back, and the ranks of those leaving the ground became thinned, the crowd diminished and the tumult gradually ceased, and towards 5 o'clock it was a relief to know that the ground was all but cleared, and that, so far as was known, no serious accident had occurred. also with their band, which on reaching the platform struck up the National Anthem. It was now a quarter to three, the rain continued, and the pro cession was making its appearance in rather meagre driblets, and there were still no signs of Mr. Potter. Several thousands of persons were gathered round No. 1 platform, and Mr. Beales again apologised for keeping them waiting, adding, however, " There are two things which are worth 100 speeches—viz., Manhood Suffrage for the franchise and Hyde Park for the meeting " Again lould cheers broke forth, with a voice, " I should like to dine with you in Hyde Park at Christmas," followed by general laughter. One dissentient voice was here raised on this point by an elderly working man in a wide awake, who wanted to know why gentlemen on the platform should desire to stir up a mutiny about the parks ; but, being only jeered and derided for his interrogatory, he made no further attempt to argue the matter. Several more fragments of the proces sion then presented themselves, among which the Glassblowers, carrying specimens of their own in dustry, and having on their banner, " United we stand ; divided we fall," and the Stonemasons, with their leathern aprons trimmed with blue, and who marched round by the rear of No. 1 platform. The crowd had n3w grown denser, and was surging and swaying rather wildly to and fro against the frail barrier which railed off the reporters from the gene ral multitude. This structure soon began to rock ominously, and its occupants managed in time to mount the platform before it went down. The sway ing still continued, the flowing tide seeming only to gather force by the additional few feet it had won, and some fears began to be entertained lest the plat form itself should give way—a catastrophe, however, which was happily averted. All this time the ground was not more than half covered, there being several great open gaps in its centre. In fact, though there were undoubtedly many thousands present it was only round about the different platforms, and especially round platform No. 1 that the masses of the people were seen swarming. It was past 3 o'clock, Mr. Potter bad not yet shown himself, the rain was falling pretty fast, and some impatient spirits reminded the gentlemen on the chief platform that they were not under cover, and hinted that they would like to hear something to keep them quiet. Mr. Beales promised that if Mr. Potter did not come soon be would take the chair himself ; and after the lapse of a few minutes more, relieved only by the appearance of the London Operative Rope makers, he was as good as his word. When the speeches at six of the platforms were over the crowds about them, which for half an hour had been gradually thinning, dissolved as if by magic. It was quite dark, and a magnesium light which was promised was not forthcoming. The apparatus was on the ground, but the only man who could work it was nowhere to be found. So, as platform after platform was vacated, those who were still gathered round it decamped rapidly, and at ten minutes to five only the speakers on one platform continued to address an audience of about 300. At five o'clock there were not more than 1,200 persons left on tho ground, and these were chiefly around the counters where the beer was dispensed under a few flaming jets of gas. In the ball of the headquarters, which was used as a sort of superior refreshment-room for the committee and their friends, about 100 lingered, but take it altogether less than 1,500 remained at five o'clock. That there would at this hour have been several thousands was only to be expected ; but Mr. Potter, finding that the bulk of the pro cession could not have entered the grounds in any sort of time, had ordered that only the first section should be admitted. This caused a great deal of grumbling, and Mr. Potter was very freely spoken of in consequence ; but it must be confeseed that in this matter he showed a good deal of judgment even at the cost of making the finale in the grounds flat, tame, and commonplace. What the end would have been had all the members of the procession gone into the grounds of Beaufort House after dark, and in the absence of the magnesium light, we had rather not speculate. As it was, the end came speedily and pleasantly—except as it was affected by the weather ; and before half-past six the grounds were fully cleared, and the men, drenched, and muddy, were on their way to their several residences. But in the roads outside there was a good deal of confusion, and, consequently, in addi tion to a division of police quietly held in reserve all the afternoon, in case of accident, another divi sion was called for and kept in hand. There was no occasion, however, for their services ; for only once were any of themsummoned to Beaufort House, and then it was, we believe, the constable of the beat who removed in custody a pickpocket captured by some of the working men, and held in durance until the " guardian of the law" took him in charge. The Guards, whose officers were all, we are in formed, on duty yesterday, were never heard of, and an order issued that all the officers of the South Kensington Museum, which lay upon the route, should remain on duty till ten o'clock turned out to be a useless though undoubtedly a wise measure of precaution. Yet, whether it was that the working men, once out of the gates, felt themselves relieved from a re straint imposed by their leaders, or whether, which is more probable, it was not the working men pro per at all, but the rabble following the banner of the League, certain it is that several bodies of men on the march home became very noisy. They attracted attention to the uncultivated character of their minds by singing or rather shouting the chorus " As we go marching home," not once or twice, but for two or three miles. One or two of the smaller bodies when they saw, which was but rarely, a policeman, changed their song into " We'll hang Sir Richard Mayne on a sour apple tree," and their chorus into " Glory, Hallelujah." These people— and we firmly believe they were working men in no good sense of the term—made frequent halts at public-houses, and after each halt waxed more noisy. But this is hardly to be laid to the charge of the artisans —or, indeed, to be wondered at in the case of those who so wound up the day, for—as Dr. Watts has not previously remarked, though he is supposed to have said—" it is their nature to." Nine out of ten of the shops on the roads home were closed, and there were few spectators of the march back of the now rather disorganised body. We have heard,of no accidents more serious than that above referred to, and the fall from his horse of one of the farriers. There must have been some influence wielded by the sweet little cherub that, sitting aloft, looks after the life of—farriers ; for in the earlier part of the day several of these artisans had anything but good seats or an apparent ac quaintance with the back whatever they might know of the heels of a horse. However, " All's well that ends well"— which is emphatically true of such demonstrations as that of yesterday. Recent news from New Zealand brings the wel come intelligence that a telegraph cable had been successfully laid between the North and Middle Islands. The speed and ease with which communica tion can now be maintained with the seat of Govern ment will be beneficially felt over the entire colony. The gold fields on the West Coast were receivinff a large influx of mining popul a ti on f rom Victoria. ' The steamers from Melb ourne, f ull of passengers and freights, immediately after discharging return for more, instead of going on to the East Coast, as formerly. For years to come Westlandwillfnoorttbhee able to grow sufficient food for its popul a ti on ; great advantages are, therefore, anticipated eastern portions of the province from the close proximity of 40,000 people unable to raiso food for themselves. Gold is also reported in the Mackenzie country. Two men from the Wanaka Station, after an excursion of three months to the West Coast, have proceeded to Christchurch, to commu nicate to Government some important discovery made on their journey. Whether a gold discovery, or an important tract of country available for set tlement, has not yet transpired. A valuable diamond has been found at the foot of Mount Cook. Mr. Blake, of Blaketown, River Grey, struck with the appearance of the stone, bought it from a digger for £l. He took it to Melbourne, where he was offered £lOO for it, uncut. It has since been valued at £7,000. BEAUFORT GROUNDS. These grounds form a long and rather narrow strip of meadow land in Old Brompton, now used as a shooting ground by the 2d or South Middlesex Rifle Volunteers, a range of butts with a steep bank immediately behind it, surmounted by a high brick wall, forming its furthermost boundary. On one side it is adjoined by large nursery grounds, and on the other by private gardens, from which it is separated by a low and irregular fence. The main entrance to the ground is situated in the North-end ' road, Fulham, not far from St. John's Church. Here, through a single gateway only about 13 feet wide, leading into a passage of the same width and some 60 yards in length, access had to be obtained to the grounds by the procession and the great ma jority of the spectators ; and a glance at this ex tremely narrowpassage made everybody wonder how the vast numbers expected could ever find ingress before nightfall. The committee and other privi leged visitors were admitted by the private entrance to Beaufort-house, a few dozen yards further on. The meadow is about 9 acres in extent, or some 400 yards long by 110 yards wide, and it was calculated that in order to make it contain anything like 200,000 persons, it would be necessary to pack four men in every square yard—an amount of com pression, it need hardly be said, which flesh and blood could not endure. Seven small wooden platforms were erected at different points upon the ground, the principal, or platform No. 1, being im mediately in front of the row of butts ; and here it was intended that seven separate sets of speakers should simultaneously address as many groups of listeners. Refreshment stands were also scattered ' about the field here and there, the large mess-room of the South Middlesex Rifle Volunteers being also appropriated in a similar manner by the committee and their friends. From an early hour the multi tude began to congregate near the place of meeting, and by 11 o'clock a considerable number of persons had entered the ground. Everybody who had secured a ticket, the price of which was 2d., could claim ad mittance, and most of those who came displayed their tickets in their hats, or wore some badge denoting their adhesion to the cause of Reform. It was long, however, before the concourse was large enough to do more than sparsely dot the ground ; and for several hours the assemblage formed, as it were, but a narrow fringe round the refreshment stands. The four mounted marshals of the grounds, with stars on their breasts and purple and orange sashes, were seen galloping up and down at inter vals throughout the morning, making their final arrangements ; but little else occurred to interest the early comers. At length, about 2 o'clock, the sound of music was heard in the distance, indicating the approach of the procession, and a general hum of expectation arose from the assemblage within the grounds, now consisting of, perhaps, 10,000 men, mostly of the working classes. The sky for an hour or two previous had been dull and leaden, and a mizzling rain now set in. In some ten minutes more the van of the procession seemed to have reached the narrow gateway, and loud shouts were Iraised to welcome it. A sma ll d e t ac h men t o f th e Farriers, preceded by three outriders, in bright blue luniforms relieved with yellow stripes, and accom panied by one l arge and two or three of their smaller banners array to m a k e i ts vanced towards appearance , was the fi rs t p or ti on o f th e grea t Platform No. o . , i .• , and t the further sloly end of the ground, whe re • it took up its position. Some considerable time elapsed before it was succeeded by any other contingent ,except the deputation from the Reform L eaguec (the chairman), Colon e l Di ck R og ers, and Mr. Howell ( secretary). , emposed o f M r. B ea l es son, Mr. D rei . :ser These gentle men were greeted with loud che ers as they ascended Platform No. 1, round which the multitude gra dually clustered thickest. It was now 20 minutes i past two, and a further instalment of the proce ss i on was eagerly looked for ; but there w ere few signs of its coming, and it was plain that the fragment first on the ground had been widely separated from the main body, which it could only be conjectured was encountering serious impediments to its pro rrowness of the end of i ts gress by the defile-like nit route. At length the 1 V e st London Horse-sh oe brethren, with rather Society came to reinforce their . . exhibiting a similar de newer and gayer banners, by the London vice ; and they were soon followed bri g ht yellow Working Men's Association, whose flag proclaimed their obj e ct to be " to procure the political enfranchisement and promote the social and general interests of the industrial classes." Their band accompanied them, and played a lively air as they took ground to the right of No. 1 Platform. Next came the bearers of a white banner on which was inscribed " Residential Manhood Suffrage and the Ballot," the arrival of which drew forth from the chairman of the League the exclamation, " That is the banner ; there is no humbug about it," a sentiment which elicited vehement cheers. Mean while the rain had very considerably increased, very few were provided with umbrellas, and the crowd began to manifest slight symptoms of impatience. Mr. George Potter, who was announced to take the chair at the principal platform, had not yet arrived, and the proceedings were, consequently, at a stand still. The tedium of waiting was, however, partially relieved by a parley between the gentlemen on the platform and certain members of the crowd. A " Voice" called out, " The Times said the procession never would get here at all, Colonel." To this Colonel Dickson r I rep le( , "I said myself it never would." Thereupon Mr. Beales observed, " Hyde Park is the right place, an d w h at we have seen to-day shows that." Loud and general cheering greeted this remark. Next Came a white banner bearing the motto “Excelsior," fol- Miscellaneous American NewF. The following is from the .New York correspon dent of the Standard, dated Nov. 17 :—" The President is busily at work upon his annual Mes sage to Congress. It will be a very important document, and is anxiously looked for. Mr. John son is collecting all the information possible with regard to the condition of the South and the senti ments of the people ; his subordinates in the Southern States are sending in their reports ; his Message will, with regard to these particulars, present a very interesting body of facts. It is understood that Mr. Johnson advocates the holding of a great National Convention of the States to deliberate upon the best means of reconciliation ; he may say something about this in his Message. With regard to our foreign relations his expressions of opinion will be very clear and decided. The Mexican question, and the causes that have led to the recent important motions by the Government in this regard, will be treated at length. The Pre sident will probably have very little to say about Fenianism ; he will of course recommend such friendly action by Congress as shall operate with the British Government to the benefit of the con demned Fenians; in short, he will say all that he can consistently to please the Irish at home, with out giving offence to Great Britain. He will re commend material changes in the neutrality laws. He will also recommend such action by Congress as shall hasten the resumption of specie payments. Although a Free-trader, he will probably have very little to say against a high tariff, knowing that his opinions would be scouted, and that their expres sion would probably prove injurious to the cause he desires to befriend. He will probably ask for a special appropriation for the relief of the suffering poor of the South. On the whole, this Message will be one of the most important state papers ever produced by an American President. The several Secretaries are also pushing their reports to com pletion. The most interesting of these will be that of the Secretary of the Treasury. The amount of legal tender currency now in circula tion is about $386,000,000. Mr. M'Culloch has, within the past two months' retired the fund of $50,000 authorised to be issued for the redemption of temporary loans; $10,000,000 permitted by act of Congress to be retired at the expiration of six months from the Ist April, 1866, and $4,000,000 — the sum allowed to be retired each month after the expiration of that half year—in all $64,000,000. To this contraction we owe the sudden decline in prices in the provision, produce, and other markets. Nothing more has transpired with regard to General Sherman's mission to Mexico. The general will touch at Havannah, and will possibly be joined there by General Sheridan. A report from Mexico to the effect that Bazair.e was about to pro nounce himself Emperor is current ; but such a story is to be expected. Extraordinary rumours are afloat at New Orleans, touching a military oc cupation of Mexico by the United States ; one statement is that large numbers of troops are being pushed to the Rio Grande. Those who are in danger of being deceived by such reports should remember that our President can take no such step as that above indicated without the consent of the Congress." The following letter has been addressed to Secre tary Seward by Sir Frederick Bruce : " Washington, Nov. 15, 1866. " Sir—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 27th ultimo, relating to the sentence of death passed on J. Lynch and J. M‘Mahon, in Canada, and stating the views entertained by the Government of the United States, and the various considerations of law, policy, and humanity which might be expected to arise in the course of the trials of the individuals concerned in the raid committed on Canada last spring. "Immediately on the receipt of that note .1 transmitted a copy of it to her Majesty's Government, and I await their instructions before entering at length upon the several and weighty subjects contained in it. " The course pursued by the Canadian Government in bringing these cases before the regular tribunals of justice, thus securing to the persons the full protection the law affords to the accused, and the readiness shown by them to communicate all such documents to the consul of the United States as may throw light on the justice of the sentence and the regularity of the proceedings,will, I trust, satisfy the Government of the United States that, while vindicating the majesty of the law, the authorities do not conduct the prosecution in any vindictive or harsh spirit. "I am, moreover, authorised to state that the whole ques tion of the disposal of such of the prisoners as may he con victed been referred for decision to her Majesty's Go vernment, who will certainly bo animated by the desire so to:deal with it as to secure peace and harmony between the populations living in such immediate proximity, and separated by a long frontier so easily traversed. " I have the honour to be, with the highest considera tions, sir, your most humble and obedient servant, " FREDERICK W. BRUCE. " lion. Wm. 11. Seward, &c." Horse-racing has been taken up in New York with all the energy of the American people, and the course in Jerome Park is a decided success. A " Jockey Club" has been established, and racers are now bred and trained for the turf with a success which bids fair to rival the horses of England. The Grand Stand of the Jerome Park course can with ease accommodate 8,000 persons. The beauty of the site and the taste with which all the arrange ments have been worked out is a general subject of commendation, and has much tended to secure popular support for the spirited proprietor, and an interest in the undertaking he has inaugurated. ➢lr. Jerome's name is likely long to be associated with the great national races of the United States. The Newcastle Daily Chronicle has one of the most able articles we have seen of the many lately put forth by the press on our military system. The Chronicle points out the defects, but proposes no remedies. It is 50 years since the pay of a British soldier was fixed at the present magnificent figure. While the soldier's allowance has remained station ary, the wages of the class from which the army is recruited have increased from 50 to 100 per cent. The time was when a depression of trade sent thousands into the ranks, but dull trade has no such effect now. The workman knows the markets of the world are open to his industry, and if labour is a drug in one district, it is a necessity in another. " The artisan who in honourable toil can earn from four to eight shillings a day, is not inclined to take the chance of being shot for a shilling." The fact is omitted that, though the soldier's pay is not directly increased, it is so indirectly. Good-con duct badges, each carrying one penny a day, are now obtained at shorter periods, while the comforts of the soldier have been greatly added to. These efforts, however, have not equalised his position with the industrious artisan ; but it should be borne in mind that the skilled artisan is of a higher class than the men who generally enter the ranks of our army. The Times is hammering the nail on the head. The defence of England can be entrusted only to our constitutional force, the militia of the United Kingdom. Drop the regular army, and properly organise the militia, and England is secure. The Paris correspondent of the Telegraph sends the following despatch, dated Monday night : " The United States Minister at this Court has, I am informed, just received a long telegram in cipher from his Government, occupying ten hours in trans mission. This is supposed to relate to the Mexican question, and is probably to convey to the Emperor Napoleon a definite solution of it. It is considered here that the Emperor Maximilian's Mexican career has closed." DR. MARY IVALICER. (Alm Dr. R. T. Trail's Hermld of Health, published in Neo York.) In 1862, the United States Congress passed 5 3 act giving to the soldiers of the United States aryl a medal of honour for special meritorious services, and the President of the United States decided wh o were to receive such honours. We are glad to notice that " a testimonial and medal of honour" is to be ' conferred on this " Lady Doctor," who has achiev ed a distinction in the annals not only of military sti r ' gery but of military service, never before accorded to one of her sex. The Washington Republican says : " President Johnson, car r yi ng ou t th e purpose' „ his predecessor, President Lincoln, and acting 11 1 ) . ° : the recommeuations of such high military authorold as Major-Generals Sherman, General Thomas, 1 ; 11 ,„ M'Cook, has been pleased to issue the order bel t "; in favour of Doctor Mary E. Walker. This order is handsomely inscribed upon parchment, and is the only compensation under the law that the Presl' dent is empowered to bestow upon the doctor, be' cause she happens to be a lady. Much of the s er i vice rendered by her to th e G overnmen t c ould no t have been accomplished by a man. She risked h life many times, and near ly sacr ifi ce d her health, in her efforts of patriotism, as time will hereafter tell. Until Congress can do Dr. Walker smile 'l e d ; gree of pecuniary j us ti ce , . s h e mus t b e con t e nt vn, the noble parchment testi mon i a l o f th e President , so justly bestowed, and all that he has the polder legally to give." Here is the President's order : " Executive Offices' " Whereas it appears from offi c i a l r eports Oa Dr. Mary E. 'Walker, a graduate of medicine, ` l l rendered valuable service to the Government, her efforts have been earnest and untiring in 3 I T . riety of ways,' and th a t s h e was ass i gne d to duvi, and served as an assistant-surgeon, in charge t o female prisoners at Louis v ill e , K en t uc ky, upon t' d recommendation .of Major-Generals Sherman WI . , Thomas, and faithf u lly serve d as C on t rac t-Surgee';`, in the service of the U n it e d St a t es , an d h as devote d herself with much patriotic zeal to the sick an wounded soldiers, both in the field and hospitals, "" the detriment of her own health, and has also Or, dured hardships as a prisoner of war four motto in a Southern prison while acting as a Contract' Surgeon ; and • " Whereas, by reason of he r n ot b e ing a comin . tS t , sioned officer in the milita r y serv i ce , a brevet, o honorary rank can not, u n d er ex i s ti n g laws, e conferred upon her; and " Whereas, in the opinion of the President ° honourable recognition of her services and Oil er. ings should be made, 11 "It is ordered that a testi mon i a l th ere for s- a be hereby made, and given to the said Doctor ark E. Walker, and that th e usua l me d a l o f honour fe meritorious services be given her. " Given under my hand, in the city of Washill . ton, D.C., this eleventh d a y o f N ovem ber, 1865. " ANDREW JOHNSON, President. " By the President. " Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War." Dr. Walker intends writing a history of b et doings and suffe r i ngs so soon as s h e rega i ns her f lu ' health and strength. Her strange adventures' thrilling experiences, important services, and rus t ' vellous achievements exceed anything that mode rn romance or fiction has produced. Throughout be t whole war-life of four years she has persisted if/ wearing the "short dress," and by the i n domitabl e energy of her will, a n d i nex h aus tibl e resources of her " strategy," she has not only won the adrnill ; tion of the military authoritie s of th e co untry, b tl , compelled, as it were, a recognitio n of WOlll3ll 0 rights to dress as she pleases, and to fill any station► public or private, which capacity and inclination fi t her for. In this sense she has been one of the greatest benefactors of her sex and of the huma n race. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCIIES TER--DEc. 1. A rather better supply of wheat at market, which !. t • slowly at a reduction of 2s per qr on red and is on wli from the previous week. Fine barley was is to 2s lovire Beans and peas unchanged in value. ;a 40 0 Wheat, white c4s 70s I Beans , Mazagan....• ,, -- - 480 red 6os 66s Middle and 5ma11..4 44 Harley . 42s 56s Peas, white .".0" 7 424 Oats —s I grey CHELMSFORD—Noy. 30. bu t At the market to-day wh ea t was i n goo d supply, na the trade was inactive, an d b es t w h ea t rece d e d 11; a o inferior 2s per quarter. Barley i n l arge supp l y, a nd ali t sustained a reduction of is per qr . O a t s di spo sed 0 former terms. Beans and peas dull. Wheat, old white....s2a 66a Peas, Partridge 4 . 1 2 : 3...., 4 g new . .3 s 67s Wh i te ..3 old reit iOs 59s B .f1ing........ '' 401 new sos 58s Bun—. ..... ...: I S B „...a Barley.... 26s 35s ditto, new..-- --6 455 Chevalier 7: s s 3 0a ew s Beans, Tick, d...... .: 49 : 4464: rin.ng,r 5 Malt 5Ss cOs B a rrow I icks.l2 s 4 44 Chevalier tV's eta new.• •3" 431 Oats o n i 3, G ti GRANTIIA3I—DEc. 1. eft Old white wheat, 58s to 61s ; old r e d, 54 s to 58s ; r , white, 548 to 58s ; new red, 49 8 to 54 s p er 36 stone. 136 ley for malting, 38s to 485 per qr. ; grinding, 30s to 34s I, 30 stone. Oats, old; 30s to 328 ; new, 25s to 30s pe r e• w.- stone. Beans, old, 42s to 52s ; n ew , 39 s to 46s per 3 8 o Peas, 35s to 40s per 36,stone. NORTHAMPTON—DEC. 1. New white wheat, 56s to 60s; new red, 50s to 56.5; lap white, 58s to 625; old red, 56s to 59s per 36 stone. Ba r p for malting, 42s to 51s per qr. ; grinding, 29s to 36s per stone. Oats, old, 26s to 33s ' • new, 23s to 32s per 24 sv n t ° o4, Beans, old, 46s to 49s ; n ew , 42s to 45s per 38 stono. 38s to 42s per 36 stone. ABERDEEN—Nov. 30. The attendance at th e corn market to-days. Was Pr ell ilf fair, but there was little bu s i ness doing. P r i c enouli o- unaltered. Whito wheat 52s Od to GOs Od? 621 b b u s hob 1 1 Red wheat 48s Od to sas 04 Potato oats 24s Od to 26s od} 4016 10 ba sil°. Common oat s 23 s 6d to 25 s Od Bore 3ls Od to 32s Gd t 531 b v bushel' Barley 32s Od to 33s Od) 11). Oatmeal 20 s Gd to 21 s Gd 'fl boll of 280 ~iv. Flour, line 43s Od to 50s 6d. li sack of 2Su KIRKCALDY—DEC. 1. Fair supplies of wheat, barley, and oats, and pri same as last week. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First. 568 Od 1 35s •id 23s Od :-. eeond.... 59s Od I 38s Od 268 6d Taird..... d3B Od 12s Od LOs Od 1 I COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the closo of the market. j. s. d. S. 0 Wylam l6 6 Edon Main ............ 21 6, 0 Walls End Hetton Hetton Lyons Tunstall North Pelton Gas Ships at market, 24—sold, 23. The Council-General of the Department of the Seine-Inferieure has declared war against the oociv e chafer And its progeny. Having voted 01 % £650 for the destruction of the larvae of this ing est about 160 tons weight were bought in and paid f°, r h s This mass was buried in ditches and covered quick lime, making, is is said, ultimately an ele r f e lent manure ; the larvae thus being made to contrin to the growth of the vegetation which they svO lzi ..b otherwise have destroyed. The larvae is of a colour, and exceedingly destructive, but not mor e so than the full-grown insect, which devours la r g o quantities of leaves. Births. FRAMPTON—On the Ist inst., at Torr House, S. Devon, the wife of Major H. J. Frampton, of a s° l2 ; ho NEWTON—On the 2d inst., at 23, Merrick-square, S.B" wife of Mr. James W. Newton, of a son. SHIFFNiR—On the 2d inst., at Coombe Place, Susses, Lady Shiffner, of a son. Yeah: l 4 ol4 TAYLER—Gn the 2d inst., at The Mills, M e lksham, ilt°l Mrs. John Taylor, of a son. Marriages. Sop hi" BRUCE —FARR—On. the Ist inst., at St. John's C,":hilh Birkenhead, Mr. T. L.Bruc e , o f L on d on , t o Mary 04 dr,41 3 .• second daughter of Mr. Wm. F a r r , N ew p o rt, Moninci" shire. WChu rch ILLOUGIIBY—WINDEYER—On the Ist inst., at theof of the Oratory, Brompt on , J o h n Willoughby, South Kensington, to Kate Elizabeth, fifth survlor daughter of the late A. C. Windeyer, Esq., of 11.3VC Department, Devonport.. Deaths. •f CORBETT—On the Ist inst., at Lewisham, Kent, G o°° Corbett, aged 45. , COTTON—OR the Ist inst. , at Walwood Souse, LOYL°II.. stone, Wm. Cotton, Esq., aged 81. illaer DAVENPORT—On the Ist inst., at 15, Ladbroko T;ir Kensington-park, Maria, widow of the late Adm iral ' S. Davenport, of Branall Hall, Cheshiro, aged 81. GOSTLING—On the Ist inst., at 7, Pollee Villas, S t° Damerel, Mary, wife of Major-Gon. C. Gostling. MAYHEW— On the 2d inst., Mr. James Mayhew, o f Vera° place, Bloomsbury-square, aged Gl. 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