The Sun. — London, England, 1866-09-13 00:00:00

TILE FOOD FISHERIES OF . FRANCE. (From the Times.) The object of the two fishery exhibitions now open in France—one at Arcachon, another at Boulogne—is, according to French opinion, to teach the nations how to fish, and to show ocularly the science of the sea, and the technological value of such other marine industries as are not connected with the supply of food, as the sea-weed, shell, sponge, and coral fisheries. The promoters of the exhibitions entertain the hope of bringing into a focus the accumulated knowledge of all who are en gaged in fishing enterprises, or who take an interest in the scientific culture of the waters. It is but fair to state that both of these " expositions," as they are locally designated; are exceedingly interesting, although it has been found nearly impossible to carry out the exact programme of either, the design of both having been much too elaborate and ambi tious. Could the two exhibitions have been fused into one perfect show of fishery mechanism and phi losophy their utility wouldthen have passed unques tioned. In such a case it would have been desirable to keep up the classified arrangement observed at Arcachon, and to retain that picturesque aquarium now being finished at Boulogne, , which is much more like the home of the fish than the 22 glass fronted square boxes which have been constructed at the former place. It is, perhaps, a little premature, or at least over-severe 'criticism, to say, as has been said, that both of the exhibitions are a failure, without waiting for the results. Only two exhibi tions of the kind, precedent to those now under notice, have ever been held, one in Holland and the other in. Norway, both of which were' useful, and afforded to all interested an opportunity of com paring notes and of judging materials and appa ratus, which could not otherwise be obtained. Amsterdam is said to have been founded on herring bones, and we know that the Dutch had set their mark on the seas before any other nation, but, from what is set forth at Arcachon and Boulogne, it is' questionable if they are at present more industrious on the high seas than the French. As fishers they are more plodding, but not so ingenious. What is most emphatically taught at both of the French ex positions is the death-dealing quality and great ex tent of the apparatus now employed by all civilised nations, and especially the French, for the capture of fish and crustaceans. In one corner may be seen curious tongs for the purpose of taking eels. Long stretches; of netting for the sardine fishery are fes tooned over a division of the building ; these are woven with thread so fine that it might be used for the manufacture of ladies' hose. At another place the invention is an act of humanity—there is shown a leech-lifter; and near it may be seen deadly traps for the taking of crabs and lobsters, while from the roof depend a few stretches of Scotch-made herring nets, by far the best of their kind ; and with such a wall of meshes floating in the sea as these nets pre sent to the fish, each stretch being about a mile long, andwith a fleet of a few hundred boats nightly cen tred on some well-known fishing-ground, the wonder is, not that fish are scarce and dear, but that a single herring escapes to repeat the story of its birth or form a nucleus for future shoals. In these exhibi tions there is shown an array of fishing machinery that is truly wonderful in its ingenuity of construc tion and power of capture. Judging from what is exhibited, men will in future leave the fish to cap ture themselves, for among the gear there are traps that are self-acting, and give almost no trouble ex cept to the captives. With the invention of a leech-net men will not in future require to expose their limbs in the unhealthy marshes of the Sologne, or to keep cattle to drive through the shallow waters, in order that the leeches may cling to their bloodless legs. Lord Lovat's salmon-kettle used to be a sight when the leaping fish, jumping the falls, sprang into the boiling cauldron placed by the water side for their capture ; but in France there are salmon nets float ing in some of the rivers having fanners, or wings, driven by the current, which capture and bag the fish while the fisherman is asleep. In some respects the French are entitled to set themselves up as Mentors both in the art and the science of fishing. So far, at least, as the mecanique of a fishery is concerned, they are, with one or two exceptional points, in advance of most nations, and in pisciculture, as is well known, theyare unrivalled. It would, however, be an act of injustice to the hardy fishermen of the British islands to say that the French sea fisheries are free from anomalies, or any thing like perfect; for in some of their fishing indus tries they annually continue to perpetrate the most grave blunders. Thus, at Cbncarneau, a fishing place in Brittany (Finisterre), may be seen the two oppo sites of fishing economy. On the one hand there has been erected at a considerable expense what we might have in England— a marine observatory for the scientific and economic study, as regards age of reproduction and rate of growth, of the various sea fishes, as also for the observation and breeding of various crustaceans. Men of science watch over and report from time to time on the experiments, which are so carefully conducted that in another year or so many of the mysteries of fish life, and particularly that mystery the understanding of which is the key note to the prosperity of a fishery—the date at which a fish becomes able to perpetuate its kind— will be known to the observers. On the other band, and so to speak, in the very presence of the savans who are at work in the adjoining laboratory, is carried on a branch of the great French sardine fielery, which is conducted in a way that is quite remarkable for the extravagance it involves. The sprat fisheries on the British coast—indeed, all the net fisheries of our coasts—are carried on iu the most primitive way, and with very great success. The French sardine fishery is conducted in a way altogether different from ours; it presents this anomaly—namely, that the French have made it a bait fishery, requiring the annual expenditure of an enormous sum of money for a substance with which to entice the fish, this substance being the roe of the cod—a figurativ e whale to catch a sprat. On the shores of the North Sea fisheries have been esta blished solely for the purp ose of providing the eggs of the cod fish as bait for the sardine catchers of Concarneau. This roe, which is prepared, costs 50f. per barrel; each boat emp l oyed in the sardine fishery will use about 15 barrels e v er y season, and, as ther e are about three thousand sardine boats on thQ coast of Brittany, the moneypaid for bait cannot be much under £lOO,OOO per annum. The number of cod fish which must be killed, or at least are killed, for the purpose of obtaining this ground bait is therefore enormous, and if the fishery exhibitions now open in France achieve nothing more than the teaching of the men of Concarneau to catch their sardines as the British fishermen catch their sprats they will indeed be a great success. The capture and cure of the sardine is a great business in France, and especially at Concarneau, where as many as 13,000 men aid in the fishery. It is not easy to obtain accurate statistics of the business done in sardines. In the first place, there i s a large quantity sold fresh—that is, packed in dry salt, in little baskets made of rushes, and sent wherever there is a mode of outlet. Then there is an enormous quantity sold in those familiar tins. It is said that besides the quantity exported, which is large, there are as many as 4,000,000 boxes cured . in oil and prepared for tha home market ; then, besides these, a large number are sold loose in bar rels, and also pre ssed in barrels. Ris an interesting sight to witness the arrival of the boats, and to see the rush to the curing establishments of the men, w omen, and children i n t erested in the sales. H ow their sabots do clatter as they pranc e over the stones The curers just buy from day to day what sardines they require, and no more ; generally sp ea ki ng, they do not, as in the Scott ish herri ng fisher y , make con tracts with boats, and only one o r two fir ms h ave boats of their own. When the curers arc in want of a supply of fish they put up a flag at their curing establishment, and the lishertnen hurry to supply them, the price varying from clay to day ac cording as the fishery has been abundant or the reverse. As soon as the boats arrive the fish are put in train for the cure by being gutted, beheaded, sorted into sizes, and washed in sea water, chiefly by women, who can earn from 12f. to 20f. a week at these curing establishments. The cure is begun by drying the fish on nets or willows, generally in the Open air, but sometimes from stress of weather it must be . done under cover, At ter being dried they ra ready for the process of the pan, which is kept over a furnace, and is filled with boiling oil. Into the cauldron the fish are plunged, two lows deep, arranged on wire gratings. In this pan of oil (the very finest olive oil) they remain for a brief period, till, in the judgment of the cook, they are done sufficiently. Then they are placed to drip, the drippings of oil being, of course, carefully collected; after which they are packed by women and girls into the nice little clean boxes in which they are sold. Again they are allowed to drip by the boxes being sloped ; then each box, by means of a tap, is filled carefully up to its lip with pure olive oil, when it is ready for the next process, which is the solder ing on of the lids, or, as it may be called, the her metical sealing up of the box, a most particular patt of the process, at which the men can earn very large wages, with this drawback, that they have to buy all the fish that are spoilt. After the soldering has been accomplished the boxes have to be boiled in a steam-chest. Those that do not bulge out after the boiling are condemned as." dead;" for when the process is thoroughly gone through the perfection of the cure is known by the bulging out of the boxes, which are of various sizes, according to the purpose for which they are designed. There are boxes of Gib. weight and 21b. weight, as also half and quarter boxes, with from about 24 to 12 fish in them, ac cording to size. Little kegs are also filled with sardines cured as anchovies. The finishing process of the sardine cure is to stamp the boxes and affix the thin brass labels which are always found upon them. There are little incidental industries con nectdd with the cure which may be noticed. The debris is sold for agricultural purposes, as is the case at home here, where the curers get a few pounds annually for their offal ; then a large quantity of oil is exuded from the sprat during the process of the cure, and on the total fishery this oil is of con siderable value. The " dead" fish, as we have said, are sold to the men, but the success of the cure is usually so great that the " dead" form but a very small percentage of the total number of boxes sub mitted to the test. Naval and Military Intelligence. - VALETTA, Sept. 6.—Her Majesty's screw gun vessel Assurance, 4, Commander W. H. Pym, ar rived on the 29th ult., with despatches from the Commander-in-Chief and letters from the squadron. Lord Clarence Paget, with the Victoria (flag), Prince Consort, Royal Oak, Gibraltar, and Assurance, left Patras on the 27th, and was cruising off Cephalonia, when the Assurance sailed for Malta on the 28th. The Enterprise hove in sight, but having five days' quarantine to perform, she was sent back to Corfu to ride out her quarantine and to await the arrival of her new commander (Bosanquet.) The Wizard, 2, Lieut.-Commander P. J. Murray, was ordered to Candia on 23d of August, to take the place of the Arethusa, 35, Capt. Macdonald, in order that the latter vessel might return to the Piraeus, there being much excitement at Athens, consequent on the antici pated revolution in Candia, and which it was ex pected would increase rather than subside on the return of the king to his capital about the 12th of September from Corfu. The Tyrian, 2, gunboat, Lieut.-Com. the Hon. V. Montagu, was to return to Patras on the Arethusa's arrival at Athens, and remained for a short time there, to keep the cur rant shipping in order during the absence of the squadron. The Psyche, despatch vessel, Lieut.- Coin Sir Francis Blackwood, left Malta after the arrival of the Overland Mail, with despatches for the Commander-in-Chief, who is cruising on the south-west of the island of Cephalonia, where he is expecting to be joined by the Enterprise. The five ships will then proceed to cruise off the south-east of Sicily. Letters from Naples received yesterday state that her Majesty's ship Resistance had been for a short cruise in the Bay with the Consul- ' General on Board, and, after exercising great guns at a target, had taken up an anchorage at Castella mare, where she remained on the 31st of August. No further cases of cholera had occurred on board besides the two mild cases previously reported. The Resistance is probably by this time on her way to Malta, where it is likely she will be docked to clean her bottom before proceeding to join the squadron with the Commander-in-Chief. Letters from Con stantinople to the 29th ult. speak of the cholera in that city as being of a mild type. The cases were not numerous, nor were there apprehensions of its spreading. Dr. Domville, Deputy Inspector- General of the Royal Naval Hospital, Bighi, ar rived here in the Surat from Southampton, and is performing quarantine in the Lazaretto. Dr. Henry C. Woods, Assist.-Surg. of the Royal Oak, has been appointed by the Commander-iu-Chief to the Tyrian, to do duty pro tem., vice Ashford, deceased, until the arrival of Dr. Wil liam Inman from the Donegal, who has been appointed to the Tyrian by the Admi ralty, and is expected here from Southampton on the 13th inst. Dr. Woods, on being relieved will return to his proper ship, the Royal Oak. The Tunisian screw corvette Mansour, 10 guns, Capt. A. Bin Attia, arr i ve d off the port of Malta on the Ist inst. ; but h av i ng 330 Hadjis on board from Alexandria, she was not permitted to enter. She anchored outside, and after her wants had been supplied proceeded on the following day for Tunis. A military court of inquiry is likely to be held to investigate an accusation brought by Col. Chandler, against Lieut. Bernard, Royal Malta Fencible Artillery, of perjury, in giving evidence in a recent police case. Although Col. Chandler, on being warned by the magistrate, withdrew the charge, Lieut. Bernard, it is said, has laid'the matter before his commanding officer, in order that it should be brought before the high military authorities. The people of Malta are anxiously looking out for the return of Sir Henry Storks. On his arrival in Lon don from Jamaica being announced here, the elected members of Council and the Chamber of Commerce itnmecliately telepraphed their congratulations to his Excellency, expressing a hope that he would shortly resume the government of this island, which con gratulations were acknowledged with thanks by his Excellency, by telegraph. A similar message of congratulation was, I believe, despatched by post by the Archdeacon of Malta. The Psyche returned yesterday afternoon with despatches from the Com mander-in-Chief, who was cruising on the 4th inst. with the squadron about 50 miles east of Zante. The Psyche sailed again a few hours after arrival for Tripoli with Mr. Drummond Hay, her Majesty's Consul-General for that Regency. Her Majesty's ship Racer is ordered to leave Corfu for Malta, after landing our Minister, Mr, Erskine, at Corinth. The Enterprise will probably return to Malta soon. The Assurance (now in port) will leave, after the arrival of the next Marseilles mails for the Admiral. Capt. E. Johnson, of the English screw steamer Sesostris, arrived yesterday from Liverpool, reports that he came into collision with the schooner Edward, of Hamburg, on the Ist inst., at 1 a.m., for Cape de Gallo. It is said that the schooner carried no light. The damage was not serious. The Channel Fleet, under the command of Rear- Admirals Hastings G. Yelverton, C. 8., and Fre derick Warden, C. 8., will, according to present arrangements, sail from Portland for the coast of Ireland, in search of rough weather, on the 18th inst. The fleet will be absent from the English Channel about six weeks, and Bantry Bay will be made the port of rendezvous and anchorage. Yesterday Port Admiral Sir Charles Fremantle inspected the crew of the Ocean, 53, in Plymouth Sound, and Admiral-Superintendent Drummond inspected the crew of the Leopard, 18, alongside the Devonport Dockyard, preparatory to their I being paid off. Messrs. Humphrys and Tennant, marine engi neers, have received an order from the Admiralty for the construction of the engines, of 1,100-horse power nominal, for the Monarch turret-ship, ordered to be built at Chatham dockyard. We have from time to time reported the excellent performance of the engines fitted by this firm to the armour-plated corvette Pallas, now With the Channel squadron, and we are informed that it is owing to the satisfactory working of this ship's machinery, both on her trials over the measured mile and at sea, that the Admi ralty have determined on fitting the Monarch with engines on the same principle. The Prince of Wales, screw three-decker, 800 horse power , was removed out 01 the ship basil' of TILE SUN, LO o, Portsmouth dockyard, after a careful calking inside and outside, and to-day will be removed to her moorings i❑ the upper part of the harbour, near her sister vessel, the three-decker Marlborough. It was understood daring the recent visit of the Ad miralty to Portsmouth that their lordships contem plated cutting down and converting both these ves sels to turret ships for Channel service on the plan of the Royal Sovereign, but no orders on the sub ject have yet been given -by the board. Heavily plated and fitted each with three double double gun turrets, they would make a formidable addition to our coast defences, while their conversion could at the same time be effected with much less of the elaborate finish, and consequent cost, that attended our first attempt at the same kind of work with the Royal Sovereign. The Prince of Wales and Marl borough now as wooden three-deckers are only fit for conversion to turret-ships, or to be stripped of their machinery and broken up. The Orestes, 1,715 tons, and Harrier, 748 tons, unarmoured wooden (screw) corvettes, both in dock at Portsmouth, with their machinery taken out and partially stripped of their planking, have been con demned and ordered to be broken up. The Admi ralty have now to decide whether they are to be broken up in the docks where they lie, or sent away to some private yard for the purpose. The most economical course would be to break them up where they are, the expense it would entail would to ren der them temporarily floatable for transport being something considerable. The breaking up of these two vessels by the shipwrights and labourers of Portsmouth yard would also afford a legitimate op portunity for the " absorption" of any surplus money likely to remain unspent from the sum voted to the shipwright department in the Estimates for the cur rent year. The Netley and Trinculo, screw wooden gunboats, fitting out in the steam basin of Portsmouth yard, will in a short time be ready for trial under' steam and commission. They are said to be intended for service on the Canadian lakes, but it cannot well be believed that Sir John Pakington's Board of Admi ralty would despatch unarmoured wooden gunboats to a part of the world where if they ever met with an enemy he would certainly be one carrying armour plating. The Himalaya, screw iron troopship, has still a large number of men engaged upon her in com pleting her repairs and outfit, considerable im provement being made in several of her deck fit tings. Her stern tubing and new aft screw shafting were sent down to her yesterday from the steam factory. With the immense work this vessel has done under steam her machinery has necessarily at vari ous times urtdergone extensive repairs. The engines in fact may be said to have been renewed three times, and now, we believe, the only portion of her original machinery remaining in her is one piece of her screw shafting. The Warrior, ironclad frigate, in the steam basin at Portsmouth, is ordered to be completed by the shipwright and factory departments, and made ready to receive her armament by the end of Januarynext. Many improvements are being effected in thefittings of this handsome frigate. The main sewer pipes— generators of fever and diarrhoaa among the crew during the commission—have been taken out of her, and scupper holes for the discharge of the water from her decks have been cut through her armour plating. Additional scuttles for ventilation and light have also been cut through the armour-plating. All the main bulkheads below, with the exception of the two plated with armour, have been cut through and water-tight 'doors fitted, and to make the ven tilation below as perfect as possible the plated bulk heads should be treated in the same way. If money and time could both be spared for the purpose, some simple yet efficient means should be applied for the protection of her rudder head and after stern post, and her rcrew should be " over-hung." The Urgent, screw, iron troopship, Capt. S. H. Henderson, is lying in the steam basin at Ports motlth yard refitting for further service. New boilers and condensers are being prepared for her, so that some time will elapse bef ore she can again be avail able for troop transport. The Cunard steamers Tarifa and Europe, which have been completely overhauled and refitted for the reception of the 13th Hussars, left the Mersey yes terday at 2 p.m. .for Quebec. The Tarifa has on board 13 officers, 182 men, and 172 horses. The officers are Lieut.-Col. Jenyns, C. 8.; Capts.Clarke, Lanes, an d Hill ; Lieuts. Ford, Clay, and Webb ; Cornets Hamilton, Pole, and Ellis; Lieut. and Adjut. Joyce, Surg. Armstrong, and Vet.-surg.Varley. The Europe conveys 13 officers, 144 men, and 131 horses. 'file officers are Major Maclean ; Capts. Atkinson, Huddleston, and Miles ; Lieuts. Starkey, Higgins, and Hone ; Cornets Bieber and Moore ; Paymaster Frith, Riding-master Hubbard, Quarter master Cresdee, and Assist.-Surg.Milburn. To-day. at 9 a.m., the Allan steamer will go alongside the great landing stage and take on board nine officers and 153 dismounted men of the same regiment, and detachments for other corps, to the number of about 240, and sail about noon. These vessels also take out several hundred tons of military stores. The Walmer Castle, troop-ship, one of Mr. Green's fleet of Indian transports, fitted with spe.ial care for the service, having embarked the three bat teries of Royal Artillery, as detailed in the Times of Tuesday, sailed yesterday about 3 p.m. from Woolwich Arsenal on her voyage to Madras direct under orders not to call at any intermediate port. She was towed down the river, in charge of a pilot, by a couple of steamtugs, and was cast off to pro ceed on her voyage under sail, in charge of Captain Styles, who, calculating on the ship's ordinary rate of sailing, had no doubt of being able to land the troops at their destination ten or twelve days before Christmas. The 63d (the West Suffolk) Regiment, under the command of P. W. Carter, left the East Infantry Barracks, at Aldershott, on Monday morning, head quarters and five companies to Glasgow, three com panies to Ayr, and two companies to Paisley. Two special trains were provided by the South Eastern Railway to convey the regiment to its destinations. The regiment was accompanied by no less than seven infantry bands to the railway. The 63d Regiment has been quartered since its return from Canada in the summer of 1865 in the East Infantry Barracks, and has been in the 2d or General Campbell's Brigade. The division at Aldershot had its usual weekly field-day yesterday morning. The troops marched from their quarters at 9 o'clock and at 10 were formed up near Norris-bridge and Eelmore. Having been supplied with 15 rounds of blank ammunition the various evolutions and manoeuvres incidental to a sham fight took place, lasting over two hours, at the conclusion of which they marched past, the troops returning to quarters shortly after 1 o'clock. By the removal lately of several regiments, and the large number of " duty men" required for the guards and sentries of the camp, the strength of the troops on the field was less than on any occasion during the past two years. The report that scarlatina had broken out among the children of the married troops at Aldershot camp in consequenc e o f overcrowding in the huts and bar racks is entirely without foundation. During the past eight months only three or four cases have oc curred eil and none appointmentsn n ehaveprovedf atal. The have been the Admiralty :—Staff- Commander George made at to the Zealous, commissioned ; Li eut. G. E. Barnes,t to the Lion ; Lieut. H. E. Maclean, Lieut. G. F. Somerset, Lieut. R. W. Stopford, and Lieut. John Way, to the Zealous ; Sub-Lieut. Philip H. Rickman and Sub-Lieut. George Usborne, to the Z ea l ous; Sub-Lieut. George M. Powell, to the L or d Clyde ; Alfred A. Ashington, Frederick E. A. Croker, Cecil F. Foley, Douglas E. B. Henderson, Arthur. B. H. Kirwan, Henry Cr: Napier, John P. Pipon, and Thomas F. Pullen, midshipmen, to the Zealous ; Lord George G. Campbell, Henry F,. Bourchier, Francis J. Brooke, Blanchard IL F. Coward, and Spencer H. N. Login, Naval Cadets, to the Zealous. r ONION.r., RYLAND'S IRON TRADE CIRCULAR.—The right of publication of the Iron Trade Civcular (Ryland's), with the copyright and goodwill, wa a sold by auction at the Hen and Chickens Hotel, Birmingham, yesterday, by Mr. H. Smith, of tho firm of Fallows and smith, "under an order of the High Court of Chancery, made in a cause, "Ryland v. Holt and others." Tho first bi A was £lOO, and after a spirited competition it was knock' ad down for £6BO Mr. G. Ryland, ono of the partinerfl in :the late firm, was the purchaser. THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 19, 196fi. The Murder of' a Convict Warder at Chatham. CHATIUM, Wedne,sklay. This morning James Fletcher, the convict who stands charged, on the coroner's inquest, with the wilful murder of James Boyle, an assistant-warder at the Chatham Con vict Prison, in Chatham Dockyard, on Wednesday last, by brutally attacking him with a hammer used by him in breaking stones, was brought up for examination at the police-court. - The magistrates on the bench were 31r. W. H. Nicholson and Captain H. Savage, and during the examination of the accused the court was crowded. The prisoner appeared to take more interest in the pro ceedings than on the occasion of his examination before the coroner and jury. He appears to have recovered from the effects of the wound inflicted on him by the bayonet of the convict guard who went to the assistance of the deceased at the time of the attack on him. Tha prisoner received there bayonet wounds in the thigh and one in the side. He was also struck over the left side of the head with the butt end of the rifle, there being a- large scar still visible where the wound was inflicted. Since ho has been in the custody of the police ho has talked freely of the crime, which lie does not attempt to deny, the reason alleged by him fvr the attack on the deceased being on accouut of his having caused him to be punished by confinement in the prison cells. He also expresses the opinion that he shall be banged for tli,) crime. Sproule Irvine, the guard in charge of the convicts em played in Chatham dockyard at the time of the occurrence, in addition to the evidence given before the coroner, now stated that the party with which the prisoner was working consisted of 20 convicts, who were all employed in stone breaking. Witness distinctly saw the prisoner rise from his seat on a plank and strike the deceased three times with the hammer produced, which he had been using in breaking the stones. The first blow struck the deceased on the left cheek, but witness could not say where the second blow struck him, but the third time prisoner struck him while he was on the ground. The deceased fell on being struck the second time. Witness neverheard prisoner or deceased speak before the attack took place. Immediately he saw the oc currence witness went towards the deceased, who was 15 or 16 yards away. The prisoner was then standing with the hammer raised over his head, as if with the intention of making an attack on witness, or continuing the attack on the deceased. Witness secured him, and kept him until he was taken to the prison. Before witness secured him the prisoner dropped the hammer, which he picked up. Nothing was said, so far as witness could remember, by the prisoner either before or after he was secured. Wit ness sustained some injuries during the scuffle with the prisoner. The medical witnesses said the deceased died from the effects of those injuries. William Thomas Allison, a principal warder at the Chat ham Convict Prison, said tho prisoner had been reported by the deceased for making use of foul language. Witness produced the copy of the report of the deceased. The pri soner was present when the deceased made the report, and so was witness. The. charge against the prisoner was for having made use of foul language. The prisoner was re ported at the same time by another warder for having at tempted to obtain a second supper by false pretences. When asked by the governor if he had anything to say to the charge made by the deceased, he said he had not. The prisoner was then ordered two days' close confinement in the cells, with a diet of bread and water. On Wednesday morning, the day of attack on the deceased, he was released from confinement, and the same afternoon sent to his work in the dockyard. The prisoner, in addition to his other punishment, was degraded to another class, and lost 240 marks, which would operate against his remission of sen tence. Prisoner—The reason I did it was because the officer was regular taking advantage of the men, and reporting thorn when there was no cause for it. The principal warder here, when I was in the cells, on the 2d day of this month, said ho would make my head and tho wall come together, so that my brains would fly out. I then thought that when I got out I would do this to get shut of my life altogether, as I was sick and tired of it. There's men constantly dying now in the prison with hunger and starvation. The men are regularly eating the candles, soap ; and tallow; they also eat the potato peelings, and anything they can get hold of. They are also drinking oil out of tho oil cans. I don't wish to say any more now. Alter the above statement had been taken down and read over to the prisoner, he said it was quite correct, and appended his signature to it. He was then fully committed for trial for wilful murder at the next assizes for Kent to be held at 3faidstone. The Fatal Accident to a Welsh Excursion Train. GLANDWYFACH, NORTH WALES, Tuesday. This afternoon the adjourned inquest upon the bodies of those killed in the accident on the Carnarvonshiro Railway last Thursday was resumed before the coroner for the dis trict, Mr. Hugh Hunter Hughes. Tho names of those upon whom the inquiry was held were Mary Jones, Janet Phillips Catherine Parry, Humphrey Griffith, Edward Williams, and Elizabeth Evans. Tho first five were killed on the scene at the time of the accident, and the last, Elizabeth Evans, died on Sunday in the publichouse adjoining the station, whither she had been removed. The inquiry was opened in the Goat Inn, and after the body of Elizabeth Evans had been viewed by the jury the court was adjourned to a shed near the railway station. Mr. Breese, solicitor, of Portmadoc, and Mr. Morgan Lloyd appeared to watch the caso on behalf of the railway company and tho contractors. Tho evidence was given in English and translated in Welsh for the jury. After briefly addressing the jury on the serious nature of their duties, the Coroner called Dr. Parry, who said—l was travelling by the train that met with the accident on Thursday night. There were no carriages in the train. They were all ballast waggons. It was dark at the time of the accident. We started from Pant station, near Carvon, at 7 o'clock. We stopped at several places on the road to put down passengers. I remember the train stopping near this station (Glandwyfach). At first I thought they were only putting down passengers. I know since that it was to take in water from ttie tank. We came very slowly from the tank to the station, and the train stopped again. I did not know that the cause of the stop page was an accident. I sat still in the truck till I hoard people calling out for me. I then got out and went to the engine and found it across the line, and two trucks near it upset. I saw two bodies under the trucks—a man and woman. They wore both dead. I saw several other bodies lying on a bank. I cannot say how many, there was such confusion there and people calling for mo first on one side and then on the other. I stayed all night in attendance upon Elizabeth Evans, who died on Sunday. Dr. Roberts, a surgeon practising at Portruadoc, described in detail the nature of the injuries of which the several persons had died. He did not know anything of the acci dent or the causes which led to it. Thomas Davis said—l live at Glenavon. lam a private tutor. I was in one of the trucks in the train going to Portmadoc on Thursday. I was in a truck at the back of the train. We stopped near the station to get water. We then proceeded pretty slowly, and the first thing I noticed was the light of the signal jumping up and down. The truck I was in went on. I jumped down and ran towards the engine. It was partly across the line. The tender was lying on its side, pitched over. Three of the trucks were also upset. The engine was not on the same rails as tho tender and the trueks. I assisted in removing the dead bodies and the injured. I spoke to the driver at Carnarvon just before starting, and he was quite sober. James Gordon, storekeeper on the Cambrian Railway, was with the train at the time of the accident. He proved that the guard in charge of the train was sober. The train pro ceeded at the rate of about 15 or 20 miles an hour. From the tank where the engine took in water to the points at which the accident occurr©d the train was proceeding at the rate of five or six miles an hour. There was a " turnout" about 200 yards from the tank. There was no pointsman stationed there. The whistle was sounded on leaving the David Leather, a passenger in the first truck, who was thrown out by the collision, was examined, but his evi dence did not add anything to that of the preceding wit nesses. Mr. William Pearce, manager of a bank at Portmadoc, who rode on the tender from Pant to Glandwyfach, con firmed the previous description of the journey and the ac cident. All the officials in charge of the train were sober. Mr. John Savin was on the engine, assisting to drive. There were from 25 to 30 passengers in each truck. Alfred Llarvey.—l am a ganger on the Carnarvonshire Railway, I :lave been engaged on the line 12 months. llad no particular instructions respecting the line on Thursday. The points for three miles from here towards Carnarvon are under my charge. I examined the points where the accident took place on Thursday evening at six o'clock. * They were then in good working order. They were put in now about a fortnight ago. They are worked by a lever. They are self-acting, and do not require any one to look after them when a train is passing—that is, if they are not disturbed by any one. They can only be altered by some one working the lever. The weight of the carriages passing would not disturb them. If a train coming from Carnarvon had to stop at this station it would be necessary to open the points that lead into the station. That would be the duty of the breaksmo.n who accompanies the train. As an additional precaution, a spike was driven into the sleeper at the inside of the point to make it more secure. The bolt has been driven in there in the first place by the platelayers when laying down the points, and be fore the lever and weight were fixed. It was a tempo rary substitute. On Thursday morning I saw this spike lying near the points, and I drove it in the hole where it had been before. The train passed up from Port-Madoc to Carnarvon in the morning all right. When I examined the points at six o'clock on Thursday night they were shut and the bolt was in as I had left it in the morning. The bolt was driven about 2fin. into the sleeper. It was not very tight, because it was an old hole. It could be removed by the hand. A passing train would not displace it. Other passenger trains have passed over the line, and safely passed these points. About half an hour after the accident occurred a woman cams to my house, and told me of it. I came down to the station, and found the engine across the main road, and the tender was broadside down. I did not go to examine the points that night. I went at 4 o'clock next morning. They were then open for the siding road. There was a truck standing on them. There was a bit of the point chipped off on the inside of the road. The lever was tip. The points must hava boon partly opened by some one before the train came down: The engine kept the main line and the tender took the siding, with the trucks after it. The engine in going over the points would have the effect of shutting them closer, unless there was a stone or something between the point and the stock rail, in which case the engine would have the effect of opening them wider. That is how I account for the engine passing the points safely and the tender running off. lam sure the bolt had not got in between the point and the stock rail. The road is ballasted with gravel near the points, but the ballast is kept lower than the rails. James Gardiner-1 am a platelayer. I was at the scene of the accident on Thursday night. I wont to look at the points. I found a piece of sandstone "hashed up" on the second chair, between the switch and the stock rail. It was about half the size of a lien's egg. The bolt was lying in the road, shout a yard off the points. There was no mark - upon the bolt, as if it had been touched by the train. If it had been wrenched out by the train it would have been bent and marked. If knocked out by the train it would not have fallen in the direction of the place where I found it. It is not necessary to have the bolt there after the lever-box is put up. It makes the points more secure when it is in. As long as the bolt was in it was impossible to move the lever, and it was not possible to open the point without moving the lever. I have worked on many hundred points before, but cannot account for the presence of the stone in any other way except that it was purposely placed between the points. I have known such a case before on Mr. Savin's works. It was on a railway at Hereford, and the man was tried at the assizes and found guilty. J. H. Williams—On Thursday night I was coming back from Caruarvon about 7 o'clock. It was dark and raining very hard. I saw a man walking from the station towards the'points. Ido not know who he was. He was walking between the rails. The inquiry was then adjourned. Mr. Du Cane, M.P, on the Navy and Dockyards. On Tuesday evening, at the opening :of a new Corn Exchange at Halstead, Essex, there was a public dinner in the Town-hall. Capt. Sparrow pre sided, and amongst the speakers were Mr. Du Cane (one of the Lords of the Admiralty), Sir Thos. B. Western, M.P., Col. Brest, Capt. Courtauld, &c. The last-named gentleman, in speaking on the subject of the army, said that, as a junior Lord of the Admiralty was present, he wished to ask him if the statements that had been made in the news papers as to the extravagant expenditure in the dockyards and navy were correct ? He would ask whether it was true thatthe Government was spend ing more money in patching up old ships than was necessary to make new ones ? Was it true that the wages of seamen were so low that other kinds of labour were more attractive than the navy to the men of this country ? Mr. Du CANE, in replying to these observations, said that on his accession to office the question was put to him by a friend who agreed with him in poli tical matters as to how he, a country gentleman, came to be made a Lord of the Admiralty. What possible connection could there be between an iron clad hull and the stubble and turnip fields of North Essex ? (Laughter.) There did not at first appear to be any connection, but agricul ture, was pre-eminently a question of peace, and the representatives of agricultural constituen cies were interested more than all others in the effective maintenance of the naval defences as a safeguard of the peace of the country. He had not intended to plunge into the mysterious whirl pool of dockyard accounts, or that sweeping bill of indictment brought by Mr. Seeley against the naval administration, but a certain fly had been thrown across the table by Captain Courtauld, and so far as he was able he should be only too happy to answer the question put. In the first instance the question had been put irrespective of party, because the gentleman who put the question was a hearty sup porter of the late Government. It was quite true that the question as to whether more had been spent in repairing old ships than it would cost to construct new ones had been asked in the House of Commons, and it produced a great effect, but he could not help thinking that the captain had not read the answer given to it by Sir John Pakington. That answer clearly showed that Mr. Seeley was wrong. lie had got hold of two separate lines of figures, and had misunderstood the number "3," which belonged to another column. Captain COURTAULD —My remarks referred to the ship Cadmus. Mr. DU CANE said ships were mentioned generally, and he thought Mr. Seeley's statement was referred to, but as he was not prepared with the account relative to that ship, he could only reply gene rally. The next question was whether it was true that our sailors were so underpaid that there was a difficulty in obtaining good seamen to man the navy. Now, he would say that the members of the Board of - Admiralty had inspected every vessel in Tier Majesty's squadron, as well as the dockyards. There had been numerous depu tations of dockyard labourers, who represented that owing to the increased price of provisions, and other demands upon them, they wished to have their wages increased. The Admiralty went on board of 20 or 25 ships, and there was not a single complaint made by the crews. That, he thought, was the time to make complaints if any reason for them existed, because a visit of the Board of Admi ralty gave an opportunity of making such com plaints. But there was one thing of which he would assure his hon. friend, though he himself had not been long in office, that from the First Lord of the Admiralty down to the last there was but one wish, that during the recess the whole of the state ments that had been made should undergo a com plete investigation. (Cheers.) If _ any abuses ex isted it was the determination of the Government that they should be rooted out and dealt with in the most summary manner ; and if Captain Court auld, with all his experience, would like to take a tour through the dockyards, he should be furnished with a free pass to go round without being accom panied by any official ; and, from the first nail driven into a ship to her completion, he would have an opportunity of ascertaining all the facts, and if he could lay his hand on one single practical abuse, and could point out a practical remedy, the First, Lord of the Admiralty would mention him in his place in Parliament as a benefactor of his country. (Great cheering.) There was one matter to be looked at. If the navy of this country was com pared with that of America the result would be favourable to England. The circumstances under which the naval expenditure occurred must be taken into account. America, during the last few years, had expended upon her navy the same amount that England had done, and had constructed three or four times the number of ships the size of the English vessels.. Still he did not think, the cases parallel. America, five years ago, had no navy at all ; but England'had not only to reconstruct her navy in the last five years, but had also to alter ships and keep an efficient navy in existence. It should also be remembered that we were living in a time of change in naval architecture such as the world had never known. The impene trable iron-clad o f one d ay h a d b een discarded, owing to the power of the monster guns that had been adopted ; and then, again, the turret-ship had made another revolution in naval architecture. If this revolution went on as it had done, the language of the poet respecting the British seamen would be inapplicable when he spoke of the " sea-boy on the high and giddy mast ;" but he thought the high and giddy mast would soon be a reminiscence of the past, and " Poor Jack" would have to be recom mended to the care of the mermaids down below, living in a diving-bell, and inhale his breath through the questionable medium of a donkey engine. (Laughter.) Seeing - that the invention of one day had become the exploded of the next, it could not be wondered that they had changed their affection for the old wooden walls. The Government had had the best wooden navy that the world had ever seen before the revolution in naval matters had taken place, but they were arriving at the end of the sea of trouble and perplexity into which they had been plunged, and certain principles had been arrived at which would not only contribute to the efficiency of the navy, but would be conducive to simplify all matters in relation thereto for the future. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TlMEs.—The ceremony of electoral exposure and confession has been so often repeated, and hitherto to so little purpose, that the most sanguine must confess to misgivings as they read each chapter in these scandalous annals. The Englishman has great faith in publicity, and in that eye of day which searches, and burns, and purifies ; but the eye of day has looked on these doings for many genera tions, and might as well have winked at them for any good that has come of it. Nothing can be plainer, nothing less reserved, nothing, .we had al most said, more honest, than the revelations of Yarmouth, Reigate, Lancaster, and Totnes, lavished by the most competent and deeply-compromised witnesses before the Election Commissioners. These men are only telling the Court what everybody knows, and what they really appear to have no rea son for onnealing. In all 1.1:(;:), towils, as no doubt in niost others, there are men who know the precise political value of all, or a large portion, of their fellow-townsmen. As you will find everywhere shrewd and observant men who know the value of every house, the yield of every field, and the par ticulars of every horse in the neighbourhood, these adepts—professors, it must be admitted, of no un worthy craft—can enter into the secrets of the soul, scan the motives, and divine the intentions of each individual elector. They know the man who will take his £5 or his £lO ; the man who will allow his rent to be paid, or his creditor satisfied •, the man who can be approached through his brother or his wife ; the man who will not vote unless he is paid ; the man who will vote, but expects a compliment ; the man who must be plausibly employed ; the man who is trying to get money from both sides; the man who will take money from one side and vote for the other ; and the select few who consider themselves the candidates' special friends and supporters, and whose services are beyond the measure of money. On all these inquiries lists of names have been pro duced, totals of money admitted, even more than can be accounted for, and particular acts of bribery con fessed, with no attempts at palliation, except that " as " one side bribed the other must," so that either actually or in effect the constituents were selling their votes to the highest bidder. It is assumed to be impossible for the average British artisan or 5m3.11 tradesman, not to go a little higher, to refuse the offer of £lO, £2O, or even £4O, if made in a way not to shock his self-respect ; and it is also as sumed that there will always be found men ready to make the offer. Nor is this the case only with the smaller class of boroughs so often threatened by name, and then hastily withdrawn as brands from the burning. Yarmouth is a large place, with a population that nobody could think of disfranchis ing altogether. But the electors reckon upon their £l5 or £25 as much as the people of Totnes do on about half as much again, which is the usual figure there . . If facts such as these tell decisively either for or against any good scheme of Parliamentary Reform, it must be by some process of reasoning not yet made familiar to the public. It has been assumed, indeed, that bribery is a local and traditional evil, Fathers.long wont to be bribed have sons who ex pect bribes, and whose posterity will be still more venal. But the population of this country is not so tied to localities in these days ; our large towns are swollen by emigration from the smaller ones ; and there is not a constituency in the kingdom i n which there are not men with this hereditary taint, and ready to spread it. Money is everywhere the motive of action and the measure of interest, and the most unsophisticated constituency that can be created by Act of Parliament will immediately and thoroughly appreciate the man who wants a seat and is ready to pay for it. The electors of the places now on their trial had, after a feeble fashion, opinions and preferences; they had been accustomed to vote on one side rather than the other; but they expected to be paid their retaining and even their refreshing fees. Each side, with its candidates, held itself to be a little army storming a breach in the Constitution for the possession of a seven years' lease of power. It was presumed that the candidate had his interest, though its precise nature andvalue could not be measared by ordinary rule. The elec tors shared the enterprise, ran their risk of dis comfiture, and expected their part in the division of the spoil. The theory is widely held. One of these witnesses held that out of a list of 70 voters there were only about a dozen who would not take bribes. But we can easily con ceive that the successful candidate would rather be quit of those dozen by the payment of £lO a piece than be burdened with obligations that can never be discharged. The man whom the successful candi date most dreads is not him who takes his money and sneaks away, but the more dignified and re spectable personage, who expects his representative to be continually in communication with the Lord Chancellor, or the Horse Guards, or the Chanc e ll or of the Exchequer, or the Postmaster-General, in his own special behalf, whatever party may be in power, and even though the said representative voted last week for the dismissal of the Ministers to whom the elector's suit is to be urged. The difficulty of find ing a remedy is aggravated by that approximation of parties and obliteration of differences on which we have so often been congratulated. There exists no very substantial difference between the Conserva tive Liberal and Liberal Conservative, who claim the vote of an elector far less educated to see dif ferences than they are themselves. There is not a single question of special interest to himself on which one candidate promises better than the other. The majority of his friends and neighbours have hitherto voted for one, but they don't hold together, and the bond of party, such as there is, has long been reduced to a colour, or a name. The elector knows that it will not make the slightest difference to himself, or anybody else, or any question or cause, which candidate he votes for, and that what ever he does he is only a drop in the ocean. But a £lO note is something tangible. There is no doubt about it. He wants it. He is that much, or more, , in debt. It- will get him out of difficulties. His neighbours, one after another, are taking it, and are none the worse for it. Such is the current logic of Great Yarmouth, a rapidly increasing town, with a population of nearly forty thousand, and with seve ral hundred working men already on the register. DAILY NEWS.—It is satisfactory to find that the improvements made during the last three years in the management of the convict prisons are begin ning to tell favourably on our criminal statistics. The Annual. Report of the Directors of Convict Prisons, recently issued, showed that the decrease in the annual number of convictions during the three years is not only marked, but considerable. In 5863 the total number of convicts, including fresh sentences and re-convictions, was 2,608 ; while last year the number had fallen to 1,925—a reduction of just about one-fourth. The decrease in the relative number of severe sentences is equally. decided. The number of sentences for a longer pe riod than seven years passed during the last year was 868—little more than half the number passed eight years ago in the year 1857. This indicates a very considerable diminution in the number of serious crimes, and a proportionate reduction in the number of hardened and desperate criminals. Alto gether, both as to the total number of criminals and the quality of their crimes, there is a change for the' better during the last three years. This favourable turn in our criminal statistics may, no doubt, in part at least, be attributed to the changes recently intro-, duced into the management of the convict prisons. These changes may be referred to the two heads of diet and discipline. With regard to the dietary it will be remembered that when the whole subject of prison discipline was discussed three years ago, a complaint was made that, the convict prisons were too comfortable, and that in particular their in mates were too well fed. The result sufficiently shows that the complaint was, in some instances at least, well founded. A reduced dietary was adopted in the leadinr , convict prisons, dild the directors re port that it has up to the present time been attended. with complete success. The fear that the reduced dietary would affect the health of the convicts has not in any instance been realised. At Portland the directors-report the reduced dietary continues to. be found sufficient, the appearance of the convicts being healthy, and the amount of sickness small. At Portsmouth the reduction , is reported to be " a ma terial success, and an influencing agent on the health and habits of the convicts." At Chatham, too, where the convicts are more exposed to unhealthy and depressing influences, there has been, with the exception of a temporary epidemic, less than the average amount of sickness. While the reduced dietary has 'not injuriously affected the physical welfare of the prisoners, it seems to have had the moral effect it was intended to produce. The convicts feel it to be a serious deprivation, and during the year many complaints have been made, especially by the older convicts. It seems also that they communicate their grievances on this head to their old associates outside the prison walls, and that these reports of increased discomfort have a salutary effect on tne semi-criminal classes, which supply the main contingent to the convict prisons. The Governor of Woking and Broadmoor Prison, for example, reports :—" An uncomfortable prison life will deter many from returning to their old trade, and I find in prisoner's letters to their friends many allusions to the rigorous discipline to which they are now subjected." With regard to discip line, the changes introduced refer mainly to the more complete separation and classification of the' prisoners in the close prisons, and the system of marks for good behaviour, and the amount of work done. In the close prisons the separate system has been rigidly carried out into all the details of prison life, including instruction, and with the best results. On this point the Governor of Pentonville reports : The substitution of the cellular system of teach ing for the old method of instruction in daEs early in the year has.beeu attended with the hest results, inasmuch as it has lessened very consider' ably the opportunity for communication betweea the prisoners, and has enabled me to maintain much nearer approach to the maintenance of sePa" rate confinement in its integrity." The system 1 1 also been attended with improvement in the goer conduct of the prisoners. The change in disciplin ° . which seems, however, to have had the most sun' ing and salutary effect is the introduction and r i e n i rous carrying out of the mark system. The parti; remission of the prisoners' sentences, in other w0r,61,, the granting of tickets-of-leave, depends on tr e number of marks gained, and the number of marks depends on the convict's good behaviour, and the amount of work he has done. This i stl2- plies a strong incentive to good conduct and ac e u tive labour, and the results are apparent in t repoits of the goveinors of th. - .% (lufl , rr n convict prisons. The Governor of Portland Prison, for example, reports—" The mark system has beta successfully carried out, and is thoroughly appre ciated by the industrious and well-cordacted Po: soners, of which class there is a large number at this prison. All the work executed by the pr isoners has been carefully measured by the instruct in g warders, and has tended to create a spirit of with lation amongst the convicts, the parties vieing each other for the credit of having performekl", largest amount of work." The Go v e r nor of W 05 -113 e 1 Prison in the same way reports—" The mark sYs.: tern operates well. Prisoners are aware of their exact standing, and I may almost say of the prec ise consequences of violation of rule." The mark 01; tern has, in fact, very much reorganised the yaw' scheme of convict discipline, and placed it on a , better footing than heretofore. In particular, I effectually removes the capricious and unsatisfactory conditions on which tickets-of-leave used to granted. It destroys the chance of favour an" partiality being shown in the treatment of prison er° ' and this in itself tends to produce a spirit of Col l i tentment amongst them. The Governors poor ingly note that the good effect of treatment aceort ing to fixed rules without favour or affection, an: without undue harshness, is seen in the prevalence of a contented spirit. On the whole, the facts at duced in the special reports of the Governors of tuv different prisons justify the summing up Of the f directors in their General Report The state the prisons is, we think, now satisfactory; the een; victs are certainly ' worked hard, and the dietary, no more than the most rigid medical investigat'°' justifies us in granting:- Every infraction of disci!: line, especially of violence to officers, and traffi, c ing, which at one time was very rife, has v e-pa promptly punished ; and, on the other hand, th o iscs. tendency of all the regulations is to encourage t m convicts to industry and good conduct." COUNTRY MARKETS. NE WCAS TLE-ON-TYNE—TUESDAY. o f At our market to-day there was a moderate suPPISr. wheat from the growers, with a fair coasting and fore!g f arrival. New wheat brought fully the improvenienso Saturday, and old made 6d to is per qr. more money the trade, however, was not so brisk. The advance on .0 week is fully 3s per qr. on both old and new. BarleYol, scarce, and 6d higher. Malt is firm. Be a ns and peas 20 changed. Oats aro the turn dearer. Flour has risen per sack. MONMOUTHSHIRE--TUESDAY. The markets have been a little more animated than th el 1, at, were, with a better attendance and a fair supply of W'" ° principally new. Business on the whole ruled moderar, good, more especially in wheat, which fully rea lized r rent quotations. There were no parcels of malting balt, on offer, but for grinding qualities there was a firm tr a o d at late rates. Foreign and English beans were in Via request, and a tolerably fair business was done for money.. A seasonable supply of oats, and the late adva nce prices were maintained. ro.ed, The following are the average quotations :— Wheat' r , 5s 6d to 6s Od per bushel ; white, 55 9d to 6s 3d ; r rj 4s 6d to 5s Od ; malting barley, —s to —s per qr ; g r— o; ing ditto, 30s ti? 32s 6d; beans, 44s ; white oats, 25,s to black ditto, 24s 9d to 25s 6d. MELTON MOWBRAY.—TIIESDAT. of With a limited supply, wheat sold at an p. nearly 4s per qr. Barley met a fair demand, at is to 25" Other kinds of grain at fully late rates. 00. White wheat, 50s to 58s ; red, 45s to 53s per 36 ef°,,,,c Barley for malting, 38s to 42s per qr; feed, 31s to 3 55 ,p 30 stone. Oats, old, 30s to 335; new, 22s to 30s per Beans, old, 48s to b2s; new, 45s to 48s per qr. SALISBURY.—TUESDAY. nu - The attendance at market this morning was mor e v s, merous than last week. Very little old wheat was all°: 0 " 0 and but a moderate supply of new. An advanco of f t r is 3s to 4s per qr. was established for samples of wile 3 fro si good condition. In barley, too, the rise asked was " D O 4s to 5s per qr. above the prices of the previous week,Tho buyers operated very cautiously, the actual business AD S being limited. Oats at previous currencies. Beansnds peas were the turn iu favour of the seller. Flour a r°- rate The following are the quotations :—Wheat realise 4s; 48s to 60s ; barley, 35s to 465; oats, 24s to 32s ; to 545; and peas, 42s to 50s per qr. Tares, from 6 . ~2j. Gd per bushel ; Best bread, 13d ; household ditto, • per 81b loaf. Flour, 39s to 43s per sack. UESDAY. • di;' The wheat trade during the past week has, in th is ( ies trict; been very much excited, and where privat e ': oil have taken place it has been at a considerable advan'' last week's prices. Transactions have been confined F o re cipally to dry old English. At our market to -day Teri was a fair show of wheat, for which farmers aske d , Of high prices, and the saes made are at an advance °). 48 per qr. Do t- English white wheat, 54s to 58s; red, 54s to 5 85 ; 50s sic and Konigsberg, 40s to 60s ; Baltic red, 46s t° ; 50. Danish and Hamburg, 46s to 50s ; Russian, 48s t° oe, Barley, English, —s to —s; grinding, Alediteritio, 31s to 31s 6d. Oats, new English, 27s to 288; 1 4 1- 4 0 26s to 275. Beans, old English, 50s to .51s; foreigvibitai to 475. Peas, English blue, 40., to 41s Od ; foreign v ' t 38s to , 40s; grinding, 36s to 37s Od per qr. COAL MARKF4T. Price per ton7l,Ctgclose of the market. s. d. 19 0 6 Walls End Lfetton 22 0 Pensher Primroso 1 3 South Ifetton Lambert's W.llartloy 18 0 Ships at market, 22—sold, 9. Foreign Mall Packet List. MAILS DUB. 4. 19. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton...•••S e i", 1 3 • Ditto, via Marseilles seP'• Os 4. Brazil and Cape Verde, by British packet ...... .• • •"" ' t Ditto, by French packet .. sep • , 7, ........... . Cape or Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. • • be n P t lg• China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton.•S e Y 1 3 Ditto, via Marseilles e2 t. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Sep" 19 S P t ' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton...—. e , 1. 1 Ditto, via Marseilles 0000 •• • I. 1 India (Bombay), via Southampton.. ••„•. Sep 2 1 , Ditto, via Marseilles .... . sept. to, Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton ....... Sept,t" 0. Ditto, via Marseilles • Sep l9 Ilaurititts;via Southampton Ditto, i„ Ditto, via Marseilles .Sep jf Newfoundland *- 71 ' .. .00t FortuPortugal' ' ..... . •• • Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon... ............ United States and British North America, b y Dri" SeP t. 13°. tish packet Ditto, by United States packet, via Southarar ton .......•• Ditto, via Cork ..... 11. Ditto, oy *Canadian packet, via LondonderrY • • 6 : 1 0. West Coast of Africa, Madeira, a nd T cner ilfe .. • • ° West Indies and Pacific; (eicept Bahamas and e nt. I S. Honduras) ............. . ... ................... l•q• sep 6 Cuba Mid Mexico ..... p t,Sap g 6, Bermuda, via Halifax Bahamas, via New Y ork. ........................... [A[ADVERTISEMENT.]--Holloway's Ointment at 0 o - - t o Self Help.- In sicknes s it was a momentous inatarenie-of an easy and reliable reme d y for outward disng,,,,orif o r and inward disord ers before the inestimable ci: . s ; jos- w o, the papa:Aim:is. No invalid need now be DO - If successfully sprains, &c. Enveloping Hollowa's medicinec7,-011r intelligible printed directions for using them, w, hi b y 11 0 r et mana g i ng ulcers, sores, tumours, bnii s lm be attentively studied and immediately follevic'a 0100 plication of his treatment. Sooner or later t s. will , assuredly triumph over theworst disensewooaoflt searching ointment disperses all those malign: o pre, e d which aggrairate many diseases of the skin, clorea" the cicatrisation of ulcers, and ever kindle in tendencies in the system. Births. vir 0 o ir : 10 . D'Arm— On the 11th ins t ., at Bowling, the if f 14. D'Aetb, Esq., of a son. 1 S.'S' . Ite r ' GATES—On the 11th inst., at 43, Belgrave-ret-, dog- — C. O G n a t t h es e , l E l s t q h ., i b n a s r t rist a e t r 3a2tifasir, of ti t o.lci MA IV IN of AL F D . wife of C. C. Macdonald, Esq"., of a dau l3 gh ei t s : rz ' c-11 Oticrt , ,WEBER—On n the 10th inst., at Woodville 11015°' heath, the Hon. Mrs. Charles Webber, of a s oo ' 4 9 ac• Marriages. , At rav,,liV t BLACKWOOD—HARRIS— On the 11th inst., at ~ ' f ,-',. o) Church, Euston-road, Wm. Blackwood, sci,,o°o - to Catherine Collins Harris, fourth " .0 the late Wm. G. Harris, Esq., of Maryl ol) ° ne ' i be ft l iti f WARLOW —TEMPLE . -On the 11th inst., atl dr qs ,' cl , church, Hamsey, John Picton Warlow, d it to ' S° . Corps, to Eleanor, youngest daughter of th T. Temple, Bart. ~if Deaths. Ab 4°. CARTER—On the 10th inst., at Clifton Lodg e, 4-1)e 0 i ° ' N.W., Mrs. Elizabeth Carter, aged 84. 1, a C l ' s CLAXTOX —On the 10th inst., at Hoxton, Bic --31. r lr Eaq., aged 63. o f P e fof HARROP —On the 9th inst., Jonah filrropl s c i'' nao" . T jot° ley House, Ashton-under - L yne , Deputy - A• o ci yol Lancashire, aged 67. •li• i ' LODGE -On the 9th inst. at Bendorf, Cob leuce, Esq., of Liverpool, aged 41. - ._--- io l ' ....... lo s s, London : Printed and Published by VVIL LAND c , $ O • 6 0 1 of No. 112, Strand, Punter, Turf , t he Tu he Cot o Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in Bliddlelear-Thursday, SepteraDor 130861 OT ° tert a i n - I ZA Aft, r there. the I( i N 4] b lt •PrTits ' ee i p i kno IT BOI4 i n 1 t 1, _ e "Vesale UGR E ! Obser y e " 44 ahate If: It ' (I N IT SSE fre e milt .4 app TO LE a b ly Ti • n f r f or p, or e()UN' I P i ntXE: mo4ll l cu t la at 6 All 6 ' Agar• CP - N T] Tt ufttii If to e ni Ay and. ?er, 1 , .0 114 1 th e _ arti 4"llcke';•n_ 1e Three ca tit t , t l an a Dat'''ee (1011 i or, .ra lir c or libt," t or of mar k u lh t i l : e tto 4 J B e 4 tat Btft n ho 1 Y i nded con,.utdN taiay of hett e d o s n ° L" 1 1 th 1 8 h ed !or t nee IY, °r St, C. O coat t rIlE li b th e , r I rED 4 1 ' 113 tVY, th e ails will I 111 ' 4 1 r Rto e"18 t h -s 1 tiro of th(