The Sun. — London, England, 1865-11-16 00:00:00

Year. Receipts. Expens3s. Profit s . 1864 £1,524,771 £758,304 ... £766,467 1863 1,594,169 802,987 ... 791,182 1864 ... 1,820,296 919,798 905,498 The past year was thus a highly prosperous twelve months for the company, and in the current year the traffic has made a considerable further progress. It is right to observe that the figures given above embrace as part and parcel of the Great Northern system the following affiliated lines, some of which have lost their individuality by amalgamation with the present undertaking :--The East Lincolnshire, the Nottingham and Grantham, the Leeds, Brad ford, and Halifax Junction, the Boston, Sleaford, and Midland Counties, the West Yorkshire, the Horncastle, the Stamford and Essendine (whichhas this year cutitself adrift), the Norwich and• Spalding, the Bourn and Essendine, and the Ramsey. At the close of 1864 the total amount of capital raised by the Great Northern proper was £13,971,806, of which £5,808,204 was ordinary stock (12,478,188 original stock, £1,159,275 A stock, £1,159,275 B stock, and £1,011,466 new ordinary stock, 1864) ; £4,673,262 preference stock (£1,294,225.5 percent. perpetual preference stock, 1849-50 ; £745,284 5 per cent. preference stock, 1851, redeemable at 10 per cent. premium ; £804,722 41 per cent. preference stock, 1852-3, redeemable at 10 per cent. premium ; £996,850 5 per cent. preference stock, 1854-5, re deemable at 5 per cent. premium ; £359,781 5 per cent. irredeemable preference stock, 1861 ; £30,000 41 per cent. perpetual preference stock ; 1861, £218,400 Hertford, Luton, and Dunstable pre ference stock ; £200,000 Boston and Sleaford 4i per cent. preference stock ; and £24,000 5 per cent. Bourn and Essendine preference stock) ; £2,723,289 4 per cent. debenture stock, 1853 ; and £767,051 debenture loans. The progress made in the issue of debenture stock will be seen in the fact that at the cllse of 1862 the amount out standing was £2,323,769 ; at the close of 1863, £2,598,513 ; and at the close of 1864, £2,723,289. The debenture loans outstanding at the close of 1862 amounted to £1,092,640 ; at the close of 1863, to £846,085 ; and at the close of 1864 to £767,051. The excellence of Great Northern finance is seen in the fact that £1,011,466 was received on new ordi nary stock in 1864, no less than £149,137 of this amount being obtained in premiums. The rates of interest on the debenture debt at the close of 1864 were as follows :—£15,600 at 5 percent., £140,250 at 4i per cent., £457,724 at 41 per cent., £100,817 at 4 per cent., and £52,660 at 34 per cent. To re capitulate the general results disclosed in this rather long array of figures, we may observe that of the £13,971,806 raised by the Great Northern at the close of 1864, £5,808,204, or 41.57 per cent. of the whole, was ordinary stock; £4,673,262, or 33.44 per cent. of the whole, preference stock ; and £3,490,340, or 24.99' per cent. of the whole, deben ture stock and debenture loans. The ordinary stock thus bears a large proportion to the whole amount of capital raised, although the company does not stand in this respect so well as the Lancashire and Yorkshire or the London and North-Western. Hitherto we have confined our analysis to the close of 1864, but if we bring it down a little later—viz., to the 30th of June, 1865—we find that the company had at that date raised £14,362,607. Of the £390,801 raised in the six months ending the 30th of June, £254,493 was derived from new ordinary stock, and £119,118 from debenture stock and de benture loans, leaving £17,190 raised by new pre ference stock. The directors thus appear to be suc cessfully pursuing a policy of steadily adding to the ordinary stock. The capital amount of the Great Northern proper, at the 30th of June, 1865, will be seen to have been not far short of £14,500,000, and as last session amalgamations were autho rised with the Leeds, Bradford, and Halifax and the West Yorkshire—which had raised between them £l,2oo,ooo—we may safely conclude that the aggregate capital of what is known as the Great Northernßailway is now very close upon £16,000,000, while in 1846 the original promoters of the under taking set out with an intention to raise £8,000,000. In 20 years the concern has thus assumed double its first proportions ; but this is not a matter of any im portance, seeing that the net profits this year bid fair to range between £950,000 and £1,000,000, or sufficient to yield- 6 per cent. upon every shilling embarked by the share and - debenture holders. So excellent has been the management of the Great Northern that the ordinary shareholders have not, in nautical phraseology, " gone by the board," as has often been the case in other companies, but they have participated fairly and steadily in the growing prosperity of the undertaking. Thus, in 1858, they ° received £4158. upon every 1100 stock ' for the ear • in 1859, £5 . 3s. 9d. ; in 1 860, £5 Bs. 9d • in y lB6l ' £6 10s. ; in 1863, £6 10 ' s. • and in ' £5 15s. ; in 1862, 1864, £7 2s. 6d. Comparing 1861 with 1858, ' we have thus an improvement in the dividend e the ordinary stock of £2 7s. 6d., or exactly 50 per cen t . in six years. In the presence of such a fact it is not surprising that the directors have found it an easy matter to raise a large amount of ordina r y stock at a considerable premium. But it is obvious that thi s result could never have been attained without a con. scant increase in the receipts of the company, and we may meal the fact that, while in 1864 the revenue ex ceeded £1,800,000, in 1858 it amounted to only £1,257,495. The amount of capital— shares and loans combined—created at the close of 1858 was £11,710,330, as compare d w i t h £13 , 971,805 at the close of 1864, showing an increase of £2,261,475 in six years. While, therefore, the traffic increased 45 per cent., comparing 1864 with 1858, the capital was only increased to the extent of rathe rmore than 19 per cent. The working expenses of the system have always been rathe r high, having been 55.73 per cent. of the receipts in the six months ending June, 1858; 50.64 per cent. at December, 1858 ; 55.32 per cent. at June, 1859 ; 49.53 - per cent. at December, 1859; 55.08 per cent, at June, 1860 51'67 pe r cen t. a t December, 1860 ; 55.89 per cent, at June, 1861 47 . 84 per cent. at December, 1 861; 51.40 per cent. at June, 1862 ; 49.57 per cent, atDecember, 1862 ; 1 863 ; 47.7 2 per cent. ,at 54.72 per cent. at June, December, 1863 ; 52 . 94 per cent. at June, 1864 ; and 49 . 28 per cent. at December, 1864. If we compare 1864 with 1858, we find that the propor tion of working expenses for the whole of 1858 was 53.18 per cent., and for the whole per of cent.lB64 51.11 per cent ., showing a saving of 2.07 in the latter year. Considering the facilities which the Great Northern - enjoys in respect of cheap sup plies of combustible , the proportion of working ex penses to receipts appears high. It may be observed, however that th e sysQin is relatively a small one, while the amount expended at the charge of revenue in the maintenance of way and the renewal of roll ing stock is c ommendably large. If we g o n ow into a few further details of the traffic receipts and working expenses, we find that in 1864 the amount acquired from passengers was £660,U8, against £595,932 in 1863. The num ber of passengers conveyed in 1864 was 4,700,014, and there was an average of 1,618 season ticket holders for the year. Parcels produced in 1864 £56,054, against £50,006 in 1863 ; horses, carriages, and dogs, £26,485, against £26,537 in 1863 ; and mails, £9,603, against £9,494 in 1863. The total earnings of the passenger trains last year were thus £752,219, against £681,968 in 1863. Goods pro duced £594,265 last year, against £533,402 in 1863 ; live stock, £44,394, against £42,182 in 1863 ; and coals and minerals, £367,719, - against £275,095 in 1863. The aggregate earnings of the slow trains last year wee thus £1,006,378, as compared with £850,679 in 1863. The dividends on the shares held by the company in other railways produced in 1864, £9,511 against £9,360 in 1863 ; and the navi gations owned by the company in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire produced £19,053 last year, against £20,414 in 1863. Transfer fees, interests on cash balances, rents, &c., completed the company's re venue in each year. On the other side of the account, the amount expended by the company in the maintenance and renewal of way last year was £187,404, against £156,704 in 1863 ; in locomotive power, £274,943, against £229,230 in 1863 ; in re pairing and renewing carriages and waggons, £75,826, against £58,560 in 1863 ; in traffic charges (coaching, minerals, and merchandise) £206,709, against £190,946 in 1863 ; in compensa tion for accidents and losses, including law costs, £20,868, against £33,994 in 1863 ; in law charges and Parliamentary expenses, £16,639, against £16,761 in 1863 ; in rates and taxes, including law costs and appeals, £29,953, against £28,136 in 1863 ; in Government duty on passenger traffic, £23,763, against £21,573 in 1863 ; and in naviga tion expenses, £6,863, against £6,839 in 1863. The balance of the working expenditure was made up of office expenses, station rent, and insurance, lighting, electric telegraph service, mileage, and demurrage of stock, clearing-house charges, &c. The expenditure made in the maintenance of way has largely increased of late, having been £439 per mile in 1864, against £384 per mile in 1863, £349 in 1862, £337 per mile in 1861, 363 per mile in 1860, £350 per mile in 1859, £349 per mile in 1858, £368 per mile in 1857, £315 per mile in 1856, and £2BO per mile in 1855.. Although the extra expendi ture on the way may take or 4 per cent. off the dividend on the ordinary stock, there can be no doubt that the stability of the Great Northern as h railway property is very materially increased by the care shown in this important particular. The distance run by trains last year was 7,290,373 miles, against 6,495,272 miles in 1863. Of these distances, 3,109,263 miles and 2,946,484 miles re spectively were traversed by passenger trains, the balance referring, of course, to the mileage of goods and mineral trains. The growth of the train mile age is reflected in the fact that in 1858 it amounted to 5,826,801 miles; in 1859, to 5,822,848 miles; in 1860, to 6,215,412 miles ; in 1861, to 6,320,629 miles ; and in 1862, to 6,188,128 miles. It may be interesting to add that in 1855 locomotive power cost an average of 8-29 d. per train mile run ; in 1856, 8-01 d. ; in 1857, 8-26 d. ; in 1858, 8-24 d. ; in 1859, 7-94 d. ; in 1860, 8-07 d. ; in 1861, 8-15 d. ; in 1862, 8-79 d. ; in 1863, 8-47 d. ; and in 1864, 9-05 d. Comparing 1864 with 1855, we thus find an increase of 0-76 d. in the cost of locomotive power per train mile run, notwithstanding the largely increased use of coal, especially by goods' engines. We might go on multiplying details, but we will only notice two other points—the number of miles of railway worked and maintained by the company at the close of last year, and the part of rolling stock pos sessed by it at the same period. Upon the first head it may be stated that the total distance main tained was as follows :—London to Askern, via Peterborough, Grantham, Newark, Retford, and Doncaster (main line), 160 miles; Walton Junction, near Peterborough to Gainsborough, via Boston and Lincoln (loop line), 75 miles ; Boston to Grimsby (East Lincolnshire line), 48 miles; Hert ford to Dunstable, 25 miles; Grantham to Notting ham, 22 miles; Bourn Railway, 7 miles ; Sleaford Railway, 27 miles ; Ramsey Railway, 6 miles ; Stamford Railway, 4 miles; Norwich and Spalding, 16 miles ; Horncastle Railway, 8 miles ; Leeds and Bradford Railway and branches, 23 miles—making a total of 421 miles, of which 364 miles were owned by the Great Northern Company. The total number of locomotives owned by the company at the close of 1864 was 340—viz., 107 passenger engines, 34 passenger tank engines, 186 goods engines, and 13 goods tank engines. The other rolling stock of the concern at the close of last year may be classified as follows :—First-class passenger carriages, 146 ; second class, 220 ; third class, 169 ; composite carriages, 136 ; luggage and parcel vans, 130 ; carriage trucks, 55 ; horse-boxes, 100 ; open goods and coal waggons, 6,299 ; covered goods waggons, 1,728 ; coke trucks, 500 ; cattle trucks, 330 ; timber trucks, 200 ; ballast waggons, 211; goods break waggons, 198 ; road, goods, and coal vans, and carts, 473 ; and travelling cranes, 23. The company was also proprietor of no fewer than 791 draught horses. Such was the Great Northern at the close of 1864, and such it is at the present, save and except that it has become a little larger, a little more powerful, and a little more prosperous ; for there seems practically no limit to the movement of life and merchandise along this modern " great north road." A rather long-pending contention with the Great Eastern Company has been adjusted. The Great Eastern is to become a joint owner, on equal terms in all respects, of the Great Northern loop line from March to its junction with the Great Northern main line south of Doncaster, on payment, either in capital or interest, of half the actual cost of the lines now constructing between March and Spalding and Gainsborough and Doncaster, and of a proportion to be agreed upon or to be settled by arbitration of the cost of the loop between Spalding and Gains borough. The Great Eastern is to be at liberty to fix its own rates for the carriage of coal, thus securing the main object sought by it ; the rates for all other traffic have been agreed to or have been settled by arbitration. The Great Eastern is also to have run ning powers over the Great Northern main line from the termination of the loop line to Doncaster, and thence to Wakefield over the West Riding line, with access to all places on the Great Northern and Man chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire lines. The Great Northern, on the other hand, is to have reciprocal rights in the Great Eastern district. The traffic between places on the Great Eastern and the Man chester, Sheffield, and Lincol ns hi re sys t ems i s t o b e freely exchanged between those companies, via Ret ford and Lincoln, and the Great Northern may also exchange traffic at Doncb.ster and Wakefield with the Lancashire and Yorkshire. In order to conso lidate these arrangements and to perfect the route for traffic from the south and east of England to the West Biding of Yorkshire, an agreement has been entered into by the Great Northern and the and Lincolnshire—subject, of Manchester, Sheffield, course, to the sanction of Parliament -_to purchase jointly the West Riding and Grimsby, which run s in a direct line from Wakefield to Doncaster, and through an extensive iron district t o K eadby and Lincoln. The Great Northern, in conjunction with the Midland and tho Manchester, Sheffield, an d Lincolnshire, is also endeavouring to secure im proved access to and better accommodation at Liverpool, and a third line is now in course of con struction between that town and Manchester. In ievenge for this, it has been stated within the last few days that the London and North- Weiatern proposes to apply for a new and competing line to connect Sheffield with Manchester via Chapel-en -le-Frith, Castleton, Bamford, and Hathersage. Whetherthis project be carried out or not, there can be no doubt that the Great Northern will plant its foot in Liverpool, and compete more earnestly and effectively than it has hitherto done for a share of the " traffic and movement" incident to Liverpudlian life. _ HerTaj esty's iron paddlewheel vessel Bloodhound, 378 tonAburden, having been stripped of her engines, &c•> was yesterday hauled out of the basin at Wool wich, and was taken up to the Admiralty yard at Charlton to he broken up. Great English and French Railways THE GREAT NORTHERN. The next arterial English system which we have to pass in review is the Great Northern, a steadily extending and highly prosperous enterprise. The Great Northern is one of the youngest of the great systems of the British Empire, the company having only been incorporated June 20, 1846. It was pro jected in the mania year 1845, and had to sustain a'severe Parliamentary contest in that Session. Notwithstanding all the exertions made by the pro moters, they only succeeded .in getting their bill through the House of Commons in 1845 ; but in 1846 they returned to the charge in the Lords, and after further severe opposition their enterprise re ceived legislative sanction. It 'may be said, how ever, that more serious difficulties had then to be encountered. Railways were in:1846, 1847, 1848, and 1819 in decidedly bad odour as investments, and it was found to be a most onerous matter to raise the very large capital which the construction of the line involved ; but the sustained perseverance of Mr. Edmund Denison and his associates proved invincible, and section by section the Great Northern main lii,e was carried to completion. When once traffic was commenced upon it, it was soon found that it was a thoroughly sound enterprise ; and, al though a certain shock was given to the undertaking by the discovery of the shameful frauds of Leopold Redpath in 1856, it may be truthfully affirmed that the history of the company since 1850 has been one of progressive prosperity. The traffic in 1862, 1863, and 1864 will .be seen, from the annexed statement of the rough receipts acquired, and the working expenses incurred, to have steadily advanced during that period rnE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 10, HU. (From Ryland's Iron Trade Circular, Nov. 11.) Having some personal experience of petroleum, its discovery, its raising, and its refining, I gladly accepted instructions, to proceed to Flintshire on Monday last, for the purpose of examining into certain statements, which to us all had appeared extraordinary—respecting the productions of oil in Flintshire. Passing Cefu without stopping, although strongly tempted to halt—not by the beauties of the Vale of Llangollen, but by a remarkable pit of cannel coal at Plas Kynaston, just by the railway side—l pushed for Padeswood, a . small station about two miles from Moldi in Flintshire, and landed at once in the very heart of the mineral oil region. 'Twas as if I had fallen asleep- in the train at Chester, and woke up among the ' oil wells" at Enniskillen (Canada West), or Pennsylvania. There was the identical mud, about the same quan tity of smell (lightly diminished in strength), the same run of land—the same rough people, the same sort of fires and furnaces, cauldrons, retorts, ketties, stewpans for oil, and distilleries—the same heaps of lime, and the same carboys of sulphuric acid—everything the same but the primeval forest, for the trees are all fast disappearing. Here were the " oil wells" in fact, with all their wealth of production, minus their uncertainty in production, and the never-failing crop of open cheating and miscellaneous roguery that springs up 'rom the fattening soil all around them. The stuff they make here is actually petroleum. It has the green colour, the smell, and gives out, to the same treatment, the same products, saving that it is less rich in turpentine, or that the turpentine it contains has less volatile spirit. The taste is the same, and—well I know it l—the effect of tasting it exactly similar; again reserving the medicinal effect of extr. Terebinth ; which my medical readers will comprehend. Curiously enough at the door of the very first refinery I visited there stood a young girl who had been sent by her mother to beg a smal phial of coal-oil for her chest. Now, I remember seeing the Mayor of London (Canada West) sell a bottle of it for a shilling to a girl at the door of his refinery for a similar purpose ; and I have, over and over again, known it to he taken for chest and lung diseases, and heard it almost sworn to as having curative effects equal to cod liver oil. The Indians, indeed, use it for their spavined horses, and those rheumatisms to which the uncomfortably dwelling savage--(a weedy lot are those Red Indians, in spite of all that novelists and travellers tell you)-- is always liable. It was known a century ago in our pharniacopia as " Seneca Oil," and if you sleep in a shirt saturated with it, as they do in the Toronto Hospital, your aches and pains will surely disap pear. There it was, in Flintshire, running out of the receiver frotn the retort, unmistakeably crude petroleum ; and this, in my opinion, settles the question for geologists as to the character and the method of its original production in nature. When I last saw petroleum in its crude state in its native home —now three years since—l could have bought a thousand barrels at half a dollar a barrel in Canada West, or a dollar a barrel in Penn sylvania. There was no persuading any one in Eng land to believe in it, an 3 those who knew something about its uses were afraid of it ; for a senseless alarm was being worked-up by certain patentees of burning fluids, paraffin oils, and the like, who were making it all the while on the sly, and profiting at the rate, as I then heard, of £lOO,OOO a year by it, while preventing honest men in the country from manufacturing similar products from coal by force of patents which they held, but which every one but the Vice-Chancellors knew not to be worth the parchment they were written upon. In America, however—where I believe the first patent (of the renewed discoveries) originated with Dr. Gesner and the Kerosine Light Company —the coal oil production was enormous, until the petro leum, which was to be had for nothing, knocked over the profit of the destructive distillation of coal then in vogue, and drove it altogether from the market. But when petroleum grew into favour, it lose to a price, and the war made it more expensive still—so that at last, what with freight and taxation, we, in England and Wales, can make this petroleum from coal and sell it to our own market —possibly to that of America—for here I see some lubricating oil and grease barrels marked for Liverpool and the United States—at prices which leave us a large profit in comparison with American petroleum ; while our oil is the same thing,quite as good, and bearing nearly equal prices, as the following extract from that most matter of fact witness, a " Trade Circular," will prove : ARTHUR BROWN AND CO.'S PETROLEUM REPORT. 15, Rood-lane, London, E. 0., Monday Evening, Nov. 6, 1865. Refined Petroleum—Since our last advices the market has been steady, and quotations fully maintained, owing principally to'a rise in the Antwerp market and export in quiry; the trade demand, however, continues limited. On the spot good American is held for 3s to 3s ld ; for De cember 2s 10d is asked, and first three months offer at 2s 6d without finding buyers. American for arrival can be had at 2s 11d. A cargo for continent sold at 3s. English refined on spot at 3s. Crude—Pennsylvanian £22, Wallachian £23. Spirit—Small sales at. 2s 8d to 2s 9d. Coal Oil—Unchadgod ; best•oil offers at 2s 10d, but con sumers buy only for present requirements ; forward, 2s 9d. Welch crude, £lO to £ll. Scotch, £l2. Once run, £l2 lOs to £l3. To-day the market is quiet as above. - ARTHUR BROWN AND Co., Brokers. That they make a capital profit on this spot by its manufacture there is tolerable evidence about us. I do not speak so much of the companies' works that are belching out fire, and blowing and steam ing and smoking a way, but in the numerous single furnaces and distilleries that are dotted all over the three or four miles in view. Like the oil wells at first, it is a gold diggings to the " small man"—and you can trace its effects in the well-lined pockets, the well-filled shops, the general air of comfort, and the plenty-to-eat-and- drinkish ness visible everywhere. The little men have been quietly making the money. Any one that can buy a ton or two of coal, or get it from hand to mouth—no hard thing where coals are more plentiful than blackberries—can set to work and turn it into oil by sticking up a few bricks and a retort with a pipe. That gives the tar or petroleum. Another boiling does the " run over," that extracts from it the lubricating oil, which fetches £9 or £lO per ton. Now there are three kinds of cannel coal (Ist, the curly cannel, at 295. ; 2d, the smooth at lls. ; 3d, the shale, at 9s.) —and there are certain mysteries in working these together, about which I am likely to know more in a few clays. One ton of the best cannel coal will produce 80 gallons of crude oil, worth Is. 9d. to 2s. per gallon, and scwt. of refuse, which may or may not be used to light the furnace for another two batches. Each batch con sists of half a ton, and occupies 24 hours in the crude distillation. In this c on di t i on the oil goes to the refiner, whose agent travels a b out to buy of the small men, and pick up b arga i ns from the needy. The oil is m a d e up i n barrels of 36 gallons, about I will not tell you here what more skilful hands would do with much of this ; but some will be able to judge how gold is running to waste, or, rather, the candle being burnt at both ends, in such a pro cess of manufacture. Be this as it may, the plaice all round, for miles, is boiling over with coal-oil. The cannel—once so despised--that judges and juries and wise men were seven years trying to settle whether it was coal or not—is abundant everywhere just in this vicinity—and I rather think farther towards Shropshire —at any rate, I saw it in the Vale of Llangollen. I will not trouble you with the particulars of the coal field—you will have them to the full next week. The Coppa Company's works, which lie close to the Leeswood Colliery, from whence, I believe they draw a portion of their great supply, are neighbour ing to the station, and cover seven acres of ground. They are like gas works on a small scale, only the tanks are underground. Theyhave 198 retorts, each of 15 cwt. capacity ; and 16 stills, so that they pos sess a capacity of producing 1,500 gallons, equal to 120 tens of oil, weekly. The shares of this company are chiefly held, I think, in Birmingham, and they have been doing a comfortable 10 per cent. business for the last three years, through all the difficul ties attendant on the first experiments. Of this Company, the Saltney, the British, the Flintshire, the North Wales, and the Mold, I intend to speak in my next, as well as of the first discovery and manufacture of this oil. Meantime, my purpose will be sufficiently served, if the features I have indicated should impress themselves upon your North and South Stafford shire readers, and lead them to direct their consi deration, in some measured degree, to the subject of this discovery of petroleum in Flintshire. A LooKER-ON. --- SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The French Minister of Public Instruc ion, with the approbation of his master, has invited the world to a competition which we ought, of course, to hail with transports, but which we are weak enough to regard with a mixture of curiosity and dismay. At the Paris International Exhibition of 1867 there is to be a department which, to the pass ing throng, will look like a bookseller's stall or a counting-house, and will hardly pretend to vie with jewels, plate, porcelain, silks, and lace, courting the eye all around. But when the homely volumes are opened and carefully studied by the discerning and enlightened public, they will be found to contain matterwastly more precious, more interesting, and more enduring than all the material products of in dustry and art. They will be Reports by eminent men, already secured for the purpose, upon the triumphs of the national mind during the last twenty years, which, roughly, may then be called the period since the February Revolution. The heart, mind, and soul of France —that is, her entire spiritual nature—have advanced quite as much as the arts, which present themselves, so to speak, with their workmanship in their hands. It cannot be denied that France is wiser, and even better, than she was when she continually menaced the peace of the world, neglecting and even oppressing her people at home in order to w i n t err i tory from hr neighbours. England, above all, is bound to recognise French progress. So why should not this be exhibited ? We can test impalpable essences, though only imagined to exit, and why may we not take stock of such sub stantial accumulations as our stores of knowledge, of refined sentiment and matured opinion ? If one nation differs from another nation in glory, has not that glory a measurable magnitude ? Indeed, the proposed addition has been long anticipated, by no others than the supercilious objectors to these perio dical displays. These critics urge their vulgar, mate rial, and sensual character. They call the Interna tional Exhibition a mart, a bazaar, a shop, a purely commercial speculation, and denounce the tendency of the noisy, manufacturing Babel to drown the secret workings of the spirit and the quiet utterances of the soul. It is all matter, say they • all flesh ; tangible, and theref ore perishable. guch critics suppose themselves the representatives of the highest interests of the.mind. So the Emperor and his Minister of Public Instruction come out to hear their criticisms, and invite them to enter and take a de partment themselves, thus to remedy the defect they have been so forward to note. The competition, we presume, will be free, though the Government has taken its place among the competitors ; and France, we may naturally suppose, will not be ellowed to tell, without correction -or qualification, a story which concerns the whole human race, and touches the pride of every people. The English will hardly allow M. Duruy and a few gentlemen of his personal acquaintance to sum up a trial and to pronounce a judgment which for each period anticipate the deci sion of posterity and the final award. If their minds be not partial, their knowledge certainly will be. The invitation, therefore, is a challenge to all the world, which everywhere will suffer judgment by default if not duly represented. But we can hardly conceive a more painful, more difficult, or, indeed, a more laborious task. The three heads proposed differ considerably in these respects. Progress in mathematical, physical, and natural science is capable, we presume, of exact statement specifi cation, and measurement. There are journals which contain periodical announcements of new discoveries, new formulas, new methods of investigation, new species and varieties, new theor;ies, and new laws of nature. A twenty years' summing up may be labo rious, but no doubt there are people to whom it would be a labour of love, and who could do it well. Even here, however, there are a good many points in which France, England, and Germany, running abreast, and aily interchanging light and aid, will be apt to differ on the delicate question of merit due to each country. Even in such a matter as the dis covery of a planet by a wonderfully ftbstruse and ingenious method, France and England are compe titors for priority. Do we allow France the palm in photography ? Does she allow it to us in elasticity and magnetism? In Africa, and on the islands and shores of the Levant, England and France are very eager competitors in more than one inte resting branch of investigation. The second head of exhibition, and therefore of competition, is much more delicate, and also more difficult. It is the pro gress of the moral and political sciences in their application to the necessities of society. If our _necessities are to be the test, what are those neces sities ? There are necessities felt by an Englishman and not by a Frenchman. The Englishman is not happy, and hardly feels himself to exist, if be can not express his political and religious opinions very freely indeed, and if he is not free to take a share in the government and actual policy of his parish, his town, his county, or his country. Even if ma terial necessities be all that is intended, the English.. man wants many things that a Frenchman can dis pense with, and it cannot be denied that few French men, above the lowest classes, could exist on the food that satisfies our strong and healthy middle classes. This is a point upon which explanation is needed, for we really do not see what limitation or direction our necessities can give to the moral and political sciences. But it is when we come to tlie third head that we find ourselves not only puzzled but staggered. It is the part fulfilled by literature' in its effects upon general education. The litera- ture itself is mercifully and wisely spared from the competition. The judges will not be called upon to measure and sum up the great achievements in poetry, in history, in philosophy, and other branches of literature. Besides that, in some well known instances, they would find it difficult to steer between the Scylla of public indignation and the Charybdis of Imperial displeasure, it is obvious, as M. Duruy suggests, that this is the mission of criticism—that is, of the Academy. Even in Eng land we should find it not easy to obtain a public decision, satisfactory to the country at, large, upon the merits of a dozen volumes of poetry, or philo sophy, or history that have appeared within the last 20 years. So criticism is left to its own haunts, and literature—good, bad, or indifferent—is to be measured by its services to general education. This is not felt to be sufficient, and therefore the theme is expanded. The liberal arts, we are told, can only enter the Exhibiti on b y s h ow i ng that they bring to a people not only noble amusement, but moral strength and dignity. France, it is evidently in tended, has advanced greatly in moral strength and dignity during the last 20 years ; and for this she is partly indebted to her literature. Of course we shall all be charmed to see the proofs of this im provement and the sublime theory of its causes ; but all nations are not agreed as to what is moral strength and dignity ' • and they w ill diff er accord i ngly as to the worth of the literature which has produced this or that national tone claiming these high-sounding titles. The moral strength and dignity of our own country under recent difficulties have been largely and freely canvassed, and we venture among our selves to differ upon them. We certainly should take not less licence in our estimate of the moral strength and dignity of our neighbours. As, too, this is a political question, we conclude that politics are not to be excluded from the consideration of the French international judges. M. Duruy does not stop here. He evidently feels that his explanation is incomplete ; so he places himself and the Empe ror in an attitud e , surveys France from the infant school to the highest speculations of science, casts a pitying though candid eye at certain defects in the mind of France, and finishes with a grand period of which the human race is the chief personage. But if this be the scene, this the arena, this the aim of the proposed literary competition, we cannot see where it is to stop, or how a purely French ideal of moral strength and dignity is to be the test of failure or success. All that we ask is mere explana tion, which, in this case, means distinct specifica tion, without which we should certainly not advise our. own countrymen to accept this novel challenge. HERALD.—Englishmen who wish to know how they are to be governed should read with particular attention our report of the proceedings at Lambeth Police-court in the case of the detective Warren. This guardian of the public peace—to whose great activity, intelligence, and excellence his superiors were only too ready to testify—appeared before the presiding magistrate in answer to a summons charg-, ing him with what was rather mildly described as an excess of duty in the discharge of his office as con stable. The complainant was Mr. Edward Meade, a gentleman who has for 23 years filled a respon sible position in the Bank of England, and who would therefore seem prima fade a very unlikely person to have any dealings with detectives. The time, and place, and circumstances under which he made Warren's very undesirable acquaintance were peculiarly unlikely to bring about such a consum mation. But as misfortune makes strange bedfel lows, so it appears pleasure-taking may introduce us to queer companions. Mr. Meade is a Crystal Palace season-ticket holder, and on the 9th of last month he availed himself of his right of admission. He met his wife and child at a pre-arranged tryst ing-place, and the party were taking tea when they were surprised by Warren's intrusion. We suppose detectives do not stand on much ceremony with the objects of their vigilance ; but the conduct of this particular detective seems a little singular, even on the supposition that he was really talk ing to a person of suspicious character. He asked Mrs. Meade what she had got there ; and, though somewhat annoyed at the interro gatory, the lady replied that she was giving her child some tea. " Let me taste it," were the con stable's next words, from which we suppose that the,force have a general tea-tasting order, to be used whenever it seems to them right and proper. Or it may be that there is some connection between the quality of the tea and the character of the person drinking it, and that, as Mr. Meade was an object of suspicion, the taste was wanted to make suspicion certainty. But no one will be surprised to hear that by this time Mr. Meade's patience was pretty well exhausted, and that he apostrophised the impudence of the intruder in a manner more forcible than elegant. And then came the explanation. Warren said that he was a detective officer, and that he had been watching the complainant for half an hour, and charged him with having twice attempted to pick pockets. After some further parley, Mr. Meade was arrested ; and his request to be taken through the concert-room, where few people would have seen him, was refused. Warren, who was in plain clothes, laid his hand upon his shoulder, and called him to " come along," and that there might be no mistake about his being a prisoner, he was escorted down the centre transept by his captor and a couple of officers in uniform. Mrs. Meade was naturally agitated at her husband's arrest, and that, no circcumstance of indignity might be wanting his endeavour to reas sure her was made the pretext for a fresh insult by the defendant, who, with true police delicacy and discrimination, called out to his brother officers, " Separate that woman—l will allow no con versation." At the Crystal Palace Police-office Mr. Meade was searched, and a seaso n ti c k e t an d a pri vate letterwere found upon him, which ought to have satisfied the constable that he had got the wrong man. That no excuse might remain the pri soner asked to see Mr. Bowley, the Crystal Palace, Company's general manager, and he also mentioned the names of several gentlemen in the neighbourhood to whom he was well known. But neither Warren nor his superiors at the palace condescended to make any inquiry into the accuracy of these statements. They took Mr. Meade to the station at Gipsey-hill, where he was placed in the dock; charged with pick ing pockets, and cautioned that anything he said would be used against him. The sergeant in charge, however, had sense enough to see that it was at least possible his man had made a mistake. After " the prisoner" had been kept waiting ten or fifteen minutes, lie and his wife were asked into the waiting room and accommodated with seats, and inquiries having been meanwhile made into the truth of Mr. Meade's statements, that gentleman was set at liberty, Warren professing his very great regret for what had occurred. Had the matter been simply and solely one of mistaken identity no one would wish to press the case hardly against an officer of several years' standing. But Warren's misconduct is not to be excused on any such ground. His first interference with Mr. Meade and his family would have been a piece of needless and unmannerly impertinence even if he had known him to be the oldest pickpocket in London, and his persis tence in wrong-doing was at least as remarkable as his original blundering. And though the sergeant at Gipsey-hill is entitled to some credit for the part he took in the transaction, it is worthy of notice that the charge against Mr. Meade was not made in that gentleman's presence. But it is only bare justice to , Mr. Heade to say that, notwithstanding all the in dignity and injustice which he had endured, he not only gave his evidence very temperately, but was willing up to the last moment to accept a public apology. To this offer we are indebted for apiece of information which has all the charm of novelty. The solicitors on both sides were engaged in settling the form in which Warren was to make the amende honorable, when their endeavours were rendered useless by Inspector Dunlop's standing upon a point of police etiquette. Being present to watch the case on behalf of the defendant's superintendent, he " felt it his duty to say that a consent on the part of a constable to make an apology, to be published, was contrary to the regulation of the force, and he must, therefore, object to Warren's making such an apology." In other words the public admission of a m i sta k e is contrary to police ethics. As " the Tenth don't dance," so the police don't apologise, or rather they will not consent to the publicity which gives an apology its chief value. Of course they may have very excellent reasons for this rule. It may be that the public confidence in police infallibility would be shaken if it were known that even policemen might have to confess in public that they are not above the ordinary liability to err. It may be that there are reasons why the ordinary rule, which teaches that when you have been so unfortunate as to make a mistake the only manly and honourable course is to confess and re gret it, and to render your expression of regret at least as public as the infliction of the injury, should not apply to the police. But if there should be such reasons they are not patent to ordinary minds. The authorities of the bank could not sanction a com promise which made an indignity to one of their staff, in the most popular place of entertainment in the kingdom, a subject for a hole-and-corner pro fession of penitence. They were perverse enough to insist that the reputation of their officer must be vindicated, even though the police etiquette wereto be violated, and they demanded either a published apology or a conviction. But the police were equal to the occasion. They would not save their constable by the sacrifice of a rule which has neither sense nor reason to recommend it, and so the cas e was dis posed of by the infliction of the very light penalty of forty shillings, which of course was im me di ately paid. Important as this case is in itself, it derives a spe cial, interest from the test it affords of the value of - police iestimony. Some years ago a lady was convicted and sentenced to imprisonm ent f or steal ingn, crochet collar, which she said s h e had picked , up, but which a couple of policemen swore she had deliberately taken from a fancy fair stall in the Crystal Palace, to which it had been pinned, It might be interesting to inquire whether Warren, or his confrere who gave evidence on his behalf last Tuesday, was a witness on that occasion. Had Mr. Meade been committed for trial there can be no doubt that his captor would have sworn with the utmost distinctness. to the two attempts to pick pockets with which he charged him, and as it might have been impossible to procure directly rebutting evidence, he would have had to rely on the pre sumption his character would raise in his favour, in answer to the positive testimony of his accuser. And Warren is not the only policeman who shows badly. Sergeant Robbards, who was one of the defendant's witnesses, swore that Mr. Meade was not searched at the instance of the police, but at his own desire and request—a statement sufficiently improbable, even if it had not been positively and solemnly contradicted by Mr. Meade, as were also some other parts of the sergeant's testimony. Yet it is worth remembering that men are sent to prison every day on supported evidence of this kind, and that a person accused has no opportunity of pitting his own oath against that of the policemen, whose vocation predisposes them to adopt a theory which is least favourable to a prisoner, and whose continual appearance in the witness box seems to beget in them that familiarity with an oath which breeds contempt for its sanctity. It is true that Mr. Bowley added his testimony to that of Sergeant Robbards in • favour of Warren's character. But we fail to see how the facts to which the general manager deposed lead to the conclusion at which he arrived. He con siders Warren a most useful, active, and intelligent officer, and he tells us that the day after Mr. Meade's arrest a foreigner was robbed of a ten pound note by some card sharpers. The active and intelligent officer, then, who takes a respect able bank clerk for a common pickpocket, who treats him and his 'wife with unbearable insolence, and persists in a groundless charge long after he has reason to suspect that he is in error, is neither active nor intelligent enough to detect the presence of card-sha r p ers w ithi n hi s d oma i n, t h ough their operations require some little space, and a few mi nutes of time. However, we dare say, Mr. Bowley is right, and it is lucky for Warren that he has thus gained the good opinion of his superiors, for he has had the full benefit of it in the mild sentence passed upon him. But he public, who frequent the Crystal Palace and similar places, may well feel uneasy at the possible multiplication of instances in which re spectable people may be charged with infamous crimes, made prisoners in the presence of a crowd of spectators, taken through the streets, searched, and called upon to answer a charge taken down by a police -sergeant in a way the law forbids. Every one is liable to suffer as Mr. Meade suffered, but every one is not sure of escaping serious conse quences as he escaped them. Be it remembered that charges so made are preferred by men who have the strongest interest in making good the impression on which they have acted, and who object "on principle" to make such poor and pitiful reparation as words can afford; for great and grievous and conclusively proved mistakes. SPQRTING INTELLIGENCE, SHREWSBURY MEETING-WEDNESDAY. A placard posted yesterday on the approaches to the Stand, announcing that "racing would commence on Wed nesday at 10 30," startled the lie-a-beds as well as a very considerable section of those who still regard racing as a pleasure and not a business. It certainly does teem an absurdity having these outrageously lengthy programmes, and they give a handle to those hostile to Autumn meet ings, who assert that gambling purposes are too much the be-all and end-all of these late affairs. However, there were the eleven events, and we had to swallow a hasty breakfast and plunge into " five to one bar one," with what appetite we may. Mr. Frail had given us a reprieve of half an hour, and at 11 o'clock the flag fell to Albertaand llama's match, won after a good race by the former, and then came a tedious delay in the Monkmoor Handicap, caused by the vagaries of Lucy Long and others. the race resulting in Venturesome's easily winning. Pan taloon seems to have lost his turn of speed or to be turn ing rogue, for, though he won the Half-mile Handicap, Giinishaw had to " ride" him all the way. The best race of the day was that of the Column Handi cap, for which Sidewind was backed at one time at evens, but a shade of odds might have been obtained at the close. She got away with Kenyon, one of the most promising of the new generation of light weights, who was apparently unable to hold her until they had gone about half the dis tance, where Catalogue and Moulsey showed in the van, and the favourite declining within the distance, Lord Bate man's horse came on, with Master Richard in attendance, Moulsey defeating a splendid rush made by Fordham on the latter by three-quarters of a length —a great perform ance of the winner, who was giving Sidewind more than two stone. There was a very fine finish in the Anglesey Nursery be tween the two favourites, Professor Anderson and the Rosa line colt, and Lord Westmoreland's Ulphus, short heads only separating the trio, and Ulphus the first to catch the judge's eye. The remaining events were all well contested, and though we have quarrelled with the quantity, we can not with the quality of the•sport. Match of 50 soya each. One mile. Marquis of Hastings's Alberta, 2 yrs, Bst 101 b (Fordham) 1 Lord Westmoreland's Rama, 2 yrs, Bst 21b (Morris) 2 Betting-9 to 4 agst Alberta, who waited upon the non favourite to the stand, when she came out and won cleverly by a neck. Free Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 100 added by Lord Hastings and Sir F. Johnstone. Gentlemen riders. Pro fessionals 101 b extra. One mile. 5 subs. Mr. Barber's Cutaway, 4 yrs, lOst 61b (Mr. Wilkinson) w.o. The Monkmoor Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 25 suvs added; winners extra; the second horse to save his stake. About half a mile, straight. 33 subs. Mr. Hodgnian'S Venturesome, 2 yrs, Est (inc 71b extra) (Murray) 1 Mr. Law's Lucy Long, 3 yrs, ist 21b (J. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. Proom's Usher, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (Morris) 3 The following also ran :—G ulnara, My Cob, Northill, and Black Duchess. Betting-11 to 8 agst Lucy Long, 7to 2 agst Venture some, 5 to 1 agst Gulnara, 100 to 12 agst Usher, 100 to 8 agst My Cob, 20 to 1 agst Northill, and 100 to 3 agstßlack Duchess. My Cob, with Gulnara and Northill lying up, made play into the straight, where they were joined by the favourite , who shortly after took a slight l ea d, w ith V en t uresome an d Usher in close attendance. At the distance Lucy Long, who ran anything but kindly, declined, leaving Venture some with the lead, which ho retained to the end, and won in a canter by three lengths; a neck separated the second and third, Gulnara was fourth close up, My Cob filth, Northill sixth, and Black Duchess last. Match of 50 sovs each. 5 furlongs. Sir F. Johnstone's Miss Lavinia colt, 2 yrs, Bst 111 b, agst LordWestmoreland'sUlphus, 2 yrs, Bst. Off by consent. Handicap of 3 sovs each, with 20 added, for all ages ; winners extra. About half a mile, straight. 20 subs. Marquis of Hastings's Pantaloon, 3 yrs, Gst 111 b (car 7st) (J. Grlinshaw) 1 Lord Stamford's Rejection, 3 yrs, Est 41b (Camero n ) 2 Mr. Jeffrey's Sylph, 2 yrs, List 41b (Kenyon) 3 Capt. White's Caprice, 2 yrs, Est 31b (tiuxtable) 4 Mr. Saxon's Romola, 3 yrs, Est 71b (R. Challoner) 5 Betting-2 to lon Pantaloon, 100 to 30 agst Sylph, and 10 to 1 agst any other. I'Anson weighed for Knight of the Whistle, 3 yrs, Gst., but ho broke away going to the post, jumped the fence in the bottom, and unshipped his rider, and in consequence did not go to the post. The favourite took a clear load at starting and made the running, followed by Sylph and Rejection to the Stand, where the latter, heading Mr. Jeffrey's filly, made her effort to reach the leader, but failed, and was beaten cleverly by a neck ; a bad third ; Caprice finished fourth, and Romola next. The Column Handicap of 100 soya, added to a handicap sweepstakes of 20 soya each, 10 ft ; winners extra; the second horse to save his stake. About one mile and a quarter. 37 subs. Lord Bateman's Moulsey, 4 yrs, 9st Mr. Smith's liastor Richard, 4 yrs, gat Rh (iuc 711) ex) (Ford Lain) 2 Marquis of Hastings's Catalogue, 3 yrs, Gst 711, (Murray) 3 The following also ran :—Holstein, Sidewind, Inca, and Jupiter. Betting-5 to 4 agst Sidewind, sto 1 agst Moulsey, 6to 1 agst Master Richard, 7 to 1 agst Inca, and 9 to 1 agst Catalogue. Sidewind, and Jupiter at his side, were the first away, and came on with tho running a length in advance of Moulsey, close up with whom were Master Richard, Holstein, and Cafalogue, Inca bringing up the rear. Pass ing the Stand the favourite quitted his companion, and on rounding the top turn he improved his lead and entered the far side a couple of lengths in advance of Jupiter and Moulsey, who were followed by Catalogue and Master Richard. At the mile post the Marquis's filly headed Moulsey, and as they rounded the lower turn she headed Sidewind, and came on with a clear lead into the straight, followed by Master Richard; Jupiter at the same time was seen to give way, and. Master Richard took his place. At the distance the leaders closed up and ran in company to the Stand, where Sidewind was beaten, when Fordham, who "had patiently bided his time, brought up Master Richard with one of his finished rushes, and headed Cata logue, but failed to reach Moulsey, who won a fine race by three parts of a length. A neck separated the second and third; Sidewind was fourth, close up ; Inca was fifth, Jupi ter sixth, and Holstein, who was pulled up on the post, last. The Anglesey Nursery (handicap plate) of 40 soya, for 2- yr-olds ; a winner after the declaration of the weights to carry 71b extra ; any number of horses belonging to the same owner may start for this race. About half a mile straight. Lord Westmoreland's Ulphus, Bst (Parry) 1 Marquis of Hastings's Professor Anderson, 7st 111 b (J. Grimshaw) 2 Lord Ailesbury's Rosaline colt, Gst (Kenyon) 3 Miss Harriette, Oracle, Queen Mary, Balsam, Lady Isla, Explosion, Lord Craven, Isabella, Ammunition, Vexatious, and Grand Falconer also ran. Betting-5 to 2 agst Professor Anderson, 100 to 30 agst the Rosalino colt, 100 to 15 agst Grand Falcone'', 7 to 1 agst Ammunition, 8 to 1 each agst Queen Maryand Ulphus, and 100 to 8 agst Miss Harriette. They left the post to an excellent start, and ran in close company for 100 yards, when Professor Anderson, wide on the loft, assumed the command, followed by the Rosaline colt and Ulphus in the centre ; close up with them were Queen Mary, Miss Harriette, and Isabella, who represented the rear division. They ran thus to the enclosure, where Ulphus joined the leaders, the three running abreast to within a dozen strides of the chair, when Parry made his effort, and, splitting the two, won on the post by a head. The favourite defeated the Rosaline colt by the shortest of heads for second, Isabella was a wretched fourth, Miss Harriette fifth, Ammunition sixth. Queen Mary seventh, and Grand Falconer next. The last lot comprised Vexatious, Explosion, Lord Craven, and Balsam. The Wynnstay Cup of 50 sous ; 2-yr-olds and upwards; weight for age, with selling allowances. About 7 furlongs. Mr. Heathcote's Donnybrook, 5 yrs, Bst 51b, £lOO (Fordham 1 Mr. T. Dawson's Jura, 2 yrs, sst 121 b, £lOO (Cameron 2 Mr. Chaplin's Mazurka, 2 yrs, s s t 121 b, £loo...(Murray 3 Mr. Hodgman's Confederate, 4 yrs, Bst 31b, £lOO (Parry) 4 Betting-6 to 5 agst Donnybrook, 2to 1 agst Mazurka, and 5 to 1 agst any othor.i After running a few strides, the favourite took a clear lead, and won very cleverly by a couple of lengths; three parts of a length separated the second and third, a bad fourth. The winner was bought in for 200 guineas. for 3-yr-olds and upwards; the winner to be sold f or £4O ; A Handicap Sweepstakes of 3 sovs each, with 20 soya add e d , winners extra. About 5 furlongs straight. 9 subs. Lord Poulett's Wild Thyme, 4 yrs, Bst 41b (Parry) 1 Capt. Machell's Bella, 3 yrs, 7st 91b (J. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. T. Hughes's Vigil, 4 yrs, 7st 21b (Heartfield) 3 Mr. W. G. Bennett's Jane Shore, 4 yrs, Bst 51b (Hibberd) 4 Betting-5 to 4 agst Vigil, 3to 1 agst Jane Shore, 100 to 30 agst Wild Thyme, and 4 to 1 agst Bella. Wild illyzne, with Vigil and Jano Shore nearly abreast, made the running to the half distance, where the former drew in advance, followed by Vigil and Bella to the Stand, where the latter ran past her horses and appeared to be ST:irewisot Castle Handicap winning, b u t d y i ng away in a few strides further she was aecabadfour head e d b y Wild Thyme, who won c l ever ly b y h a lf a l ength. There were two lengths between the second and thi r d ; J ane The cti Plate of 50 sovs, for 2-yr olds and upwards • • winners extra. About, one mile. Mr. T. Hughes's • Juliet, aged, 7st 31b . (Et tf ld 1 Mr. Heathcoto's Signalman, 4 yrs, 8 t ******** - ea ' r la s • .(Ilibberd 2 Mr. T. V. Morgan's The Plover, 5 yrs, ist 131 b Captain Lane's Blue Mantle, 5 yrs, Tat 7lb T .& l o o l r 7 i e. i3 l4 1 The following also ran : Saladin, Armourer, Irritation; Elastic, Danaus, Retrousse, and Rama. Betting-5 to 2 agst Juliet, 4to 1 agst Plover, 7to 1 agst Retrousse, 8 to 1 each agst Saladin, Blue Mantle, and Rama, 100 to 8 agst Elastic, and 20 to 1 agst Signalman. After a long delay at the post the flag was lowered to a straggling start, in which Juliet had a slight lead, closely attended by Saladin, Blue Mantle, Armourer, Elastic, and Plover, the others, who were headed by Signalman and Danaus, following at wide intervals; Irritation, Retrousse, and Rama being the last three. As they entered the straight Saladin, with Player at his girths, got upon closer terms with the favourite, the three running in close company to the enclosure, where Saladin, tiring under his weight, gave way to Plover, who, with Blue Mantle and Signalman, came on in attendance to the stand, where the last named headed Plover, but failed to reach Juliet, who won in a canter by three lengths ; a neck separated the second and third ; a like distance divided the latter from the fourth. Elastic was fifth, Armourer sixth, Saladin, seventh, and Retrousse next ; Rama and Irritation wore the last two. A Hurdle Race of 7 sous each, 5 ft, with 50 added; the second horse to save his stake. Winners extra. 15 subs. About two miles and a quarter, over eight flights of hurdles. Lord Poulett's Benazot, 5 yrs, lOst (including 101 b ex.) (Peke) 1 Mr. J. Smith's Dermot Asthore, 4 yrs, 9st (E. Jones 2 Mr. Brayley's Antoinette, 4 yrs, 9st 121 b (James 3 Lord Poulett's Ace of Hearts, 5 yrs, 9st 81b...(A Sadler 4 Captain Machell's Target, 3 yrs, Bst 121 b (W. White 5 Principal and Golden Cross also ran. Betting-5 to 2 each agst Bonazet and Target, sto 1 agst Golden Cross, 6 to 1 agst Antoinette, and 7 to 1 ags Principal. Ace of Hearts jumped away with the running, followed by his stable companion, Benazet, and Principal, who came on in close company for a mile and a half, when they were headed by Dermot Asthore and Golden Cross, who went on in advance to the bottom turn, when they wore joined by the favourite, who took a clean lead over the last flight of hurdles, and won in a canter by two lengths ; a bad third. The others not placed did not pass the post. Flintshire has Struck Oil ! ----....-.-----. 7f of which go to a ton (at least they did so in Petro lia, but there we allowed for leakage), and a ton of rough oil—the first running off, not from the retort; but from this firstdistillation—sells for refinery pur poses at about £lolox. The barrels, which cost from 6s. to 7s. each—for they must be good —are charged to the purchaser. In these barrels lies the way—for some future inventive genius —to fortune. The Yankees and Canadians have tried all sorts of dodges, but after all there is nothing like an oaken stave and an iron hoop. Iron, in casks, spoils the oil, and soft wood it will perspire itself right through. Some folks speak of enamelled iron for thepurpose, but this is yet open to experiment, besides being a severe question of price. The companies of course refine their own oil --and herein lies = from but a small additional outlay —a large source of extra profit, as I shall proceed to demonstrate. The eighty gallons of crude oil—after re-distil lation, by two processes, and certain washings and re-washings, alternately, with caustic, soda, and sulphuric acid (there are of course certain other pre tended manipulations), come out as follows : 40 gallons burning oil, 30 gallons heavy oil—lubricating. 8 ditto greaso and pitch. 78 2 refuse. The value is improved 40 per cent. ; the labour costs about 5 per cent. According to the demand of the trade, or the reason, or the skill of.the operator, the 30 gallons of lubricating oil are made to produce railway grease, paraffin (by a freezing process), and what is known as " turpentine substitute." The railway grease sells at 15s. to 20s. per cwt. ; the paraffin (for can dles) at 4i-d. per pound ; and the turpentine sub stitute (here I am not certain) for from 2s. to 3s. per gallon wholesale. COUNTRY MARKETS GAINSBOROUGII-T UESDAY. Our corn exchange to-day was largely supplied with English wheat, for which last week's prices were obtained. Barley in good request, and the best samples were fully as dear. Other kinds of grain as before. HULL-TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a fair supply of English wheat, which met a slow sale at a decline of is per qr. on all but picked samples. In the market for linseed a con siderable advance was established in fine seed, and even lower qualities were much better to sell. Linseed cakes met a fair consumptive demand. English old white wheat, 50s to 56s ; old red, 45s to 495. Barley, chevalier, 28s to 325. Oats, Russian, 22s to 245. Beans, new English, 42s to 435. Peas, English blue, 35s to 368 6d; grinding, 35s to 35s 6d per 36 stone. NEWCASTLE-TUESDAY. There was a small supply of wheat from the country and the coast, and little from abroad at market to-day. New wheat being scarce was in request at full prices, but old had a limited sale at about late rates. Farmers' barley and fine foreign were in good demand, but south country, un less fine, was neglected. Malt and flour firm. Beans a nd peas dearer. Oats a ready sale at Gd advance. MARKET HARBOROUGH.-TUESDAY. Old white wheat, 44s to 548 ; new red. 398 to 47s per 30 stone. Barley, fine, 368 ; other kinds, 27s to 348 per qr. Oats, new, 23s to 25s ; old, 27 8 t o 31 8 per qr. Beans, ol d , 40s to 428; new, 34s to 36s per qr. SALISBURY: TUESDAY. At to-day's market the attendance of farmers, millers; and dealers was less numerous than for some few weeks past. About an average supply of wheat was shown, but middling qualities largely preponderated. In barley there was still an unsettled feeling. Prime malting samples were shown, and high figures were asked for all serviceable lots. Oats about an average, and prices in buyers' favour. Beans sparingly shown, no foreign coming to hand. Tile enhanced rates of last market were firmly maintained for peas. Flour remained at previous currencies. The following aro the quotations :—Wheat realised front 37s to 54s ; barley, 36s to 40s ; oats, 22s to 30s ; beans, 403 to 50s ; and peas, 34s to 42s per qr. Tares, from 6s to 7s 3d per bushel ; Bost bread, 12d ; household ditto, lld per 81b loaf. Flour, 34s to 40s per sack: CORK-TUESDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :.--Red wheat, 9s 6d to lOs 3d ; whit; lOs 9d to lls 6d ; barley, 7s to 8s Od ; oats, 8s 3d to 8s 10d ; black oats, 7s Od to 7s 8d; here, 6s Od to 68 6d. . COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. 9. d. Wylam lB 9 Eldon lB 6 Hastings Hartley lB 9 N.Staffordshire 17 6 Hetton 2O 6 South Kelloe ' Tees 2O 3 Hetton Lyons lB 6 Carway and Duffryn Heugh Hall 2O 0 Malting 24 0 Cassop Pensher Primrose ... 19 0 Ships at market, 43 ; sold, 29. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton Nov. 18. Ditto, via Marseilles Dec. 13. Brazil and Cape Verds. by British pac.et ..... Deo. 4. Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Nov. 21. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Sou, hampton Nov. 18 Ditto, via Marstilles Nov. 26. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.— Nov. 8 Ditto, via Msr.eilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. Nov. 26. Ditto, via Marseilles Nov. 20 Mauritius, via Southampton Dee 12 Ditto, via Marseil.e I ... Dec 6. Newfoundland Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon . United States and British North America, by Bri tish packet Ditto. by United States packet, via Southamp ton Ditto, via C-rk Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry.. Nov. 17. West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Tenerife No v . --. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba,• and Mexico Nov. 13. Cuba said Mexico Nov. 18. Bahamas, via New York. Dec. 14. Bermuda, ditto [ADVERTISEMENT.)—HoIIoway's Exis tence.—This medicine embraces every attribute required in a general and domestic remedy; it overturns the foun dations of disease laid by indigestible food and impure air. In obstructions and congestions of•the liver, lungs, bowels, or any other organ, these pills are• especially serviceable and eminently successful. They should be kept in every family, as they are a medicine without a fault for young persons and those of feeble constitutions. They never cause pain or irritate the most sensitive nerves or most tender bowels. Holloway's pills are the best known puri fiers of the blood and the best promoters of absorption and secretions, which remove all poisonous and obnoxious particles from both solids and fluids. Births. - - CAVE.—On the 14th inst., at Belmont, Mill Hill, Hendon, the wife of Thomas Cave, Esq., M.P., of a son. CHING.—On the 14th inst., at Tulse-hill, the wife of Wni• John Ching, Esq., of a son. KEKEWICH.—On the 15th inst., at 22, Park-square, B 0 gent's-park, th e wife of Arthur Kekewich , Esq., of a son. OAIC.LEY.—On the 14th inst., the Hon. Mrs. Oakley, of a daughter. Marriages. WALL ACE — BRIGHT—On the 14th inst. at St. John's, Pad dington, Richard Wall ace , E sq ., o f' 8, Austinfriars, to Emily, eldest surviving daughter of the late Dr. Richard Bright, of Saville-row. WYCHE — MoxoN.—On the 14th inst., at St. Mark's, Ken nington, the Rev. Cyrril Herbert Eyro Wyche, curate of All Saints', Lambeth, to Mary, eldest daughter - of the late Henry Moon, Esq., of 2, Tanfield-court, Temple. Deaths. ALE.—On the 15th inst., At West Heath, Hampstead?. Sarah, wife of Mr. Alderm an H a l e , l a t e L or d M a yor 01 London, aged 76. GILBERTSON.—On the 13th inst., Henry Gilbertson, of 72, Ludgate-hill, aged 62. HORSEY.—On the 13th inst., at Taunton, Mr. ThoinaS Horsey, aged 83. MUNDAY.—On the 14th inst., at Fulham-road, James W r . Munday, Esq., formerly of Old Ford, aged 72. RICKMAN.—On the 14th inst., Edmund Rickman, Hotl y field House, Nine Elms, aged 78. TEGART.—On the 14th inst., Edward Tegart, Esq., of 14, Onslow-crescent, Brompton, late of Dover-street, Picca dilly, aged 69. London : Printed and Published by WIL LlAti ANDRE W : of No. 112, - Strand, Punter, at Titz; SUN OHire, NO . !",;i Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy. in the Coun t s Illifdleoem- 7 Tbursdfty, November 16, p 45. -