The Sun. — London, England, 1865-08-10 00:00:00

The Confederation of British America, (Team the Tunes' Special Correspondent.) MONTREAL, July 25. The question of free trade has suddenly become of importance in America, as one of the unforeseen but pressing issues of the late civil war. I therefore devote this letter to a few considerations connected with the subject, both as it affects the United States and the proposed confederation of the provinces. The Federal Government, as all the world knows, imposed before the war a heavy duty upon foreign manufactures for the purposes of protection, and largely increasedthose duties during the war, °sten,. sibly for the purposes of revenue. Experience has shown in the United States, as elsewhere, that the one design is incompatible with the other. The na tive manufacturer has grown rich at the expense of the consumers of his generally inferior goods, while the Government has been deprived of the revenue it expected, and the commercial community of that trade with foreign nations which is the best bond of peace . While the civil war lasted and the Federal Government paid its way with borrowed funds and the issue of inconvertible paper money the evil was scarcely felt ; butnow that domestic tranquillity has been restored, with one-helf of the country, andthat naturally the richer and more productive of the two, so devastated and ruined by the tramp of victorious armies as to be unable to contribute to the neces sities of the State, the Federal Government begins to see, if it would pay the annual interest of its gigantic debt, that it must either reform its tariff, or, if it choose to retain it in order to conciliate the compact and powerful body of its home manufac turers, that it must adopt some supplementary' and less barren mode of raising a revenue. In Canada, where a similar but much less onerous tariff has been imposed upon British and foreign goods, soley for purposes of revenue, as Mr. Galt, its author, alleges, and not at all for purposes of pro tection, a similar result is highly probable. The duties, ranging from 10 to 30 per cent., on imported goods have really operated as a protection to the native manufacturer. Canada, being denied free trade with America, and having denied herself free trade with Europe, from which she might have de rived many solid advantages, has begun to manu facture largely, and to turn her illimitable water power to profitable account. Having abundant supplies of native wool, she already produces woollen cloths and flannels of excellent quality, in . which there is not a particle of " shoddy." She. also pro duces tanned leather, coarse calicoes, and papers of all degrees of fineness for printing, writing, and mis cellaneous purposes ; and has establishments for the wholesale manufacture of boots and shoes and plain and ornamental furniture equal to any that exist in the United States or Europe ; several large breweries of ale and porter, and one sugar refinery, the pioneer of the trade in this city, and which gives employ ment to 250 persons. In the year of the first Inter national Exhibition in Hyde-park the provinces had no manufactures of importance to show, unless the furs and peltry of the Hudson's Bay Company might have been accepted as specimens of manufacturing skill. Now she has attained such excellence in the woollen manufacture, both in Upper and Lower Canada, that her cloths rival the best manufactures • of Yorkshire and Galashiels, and are infinitely supe rior in quality to the wretched articles palmed off upon the patient people of the United States by the', manufacturers of New England, awl charged the British price plus the import duty of 33 per cent. and the 50 per cent. on that amount added as a special war-tax. The consequence to Canada is, that her revenues, derived from the duties on foreign goods, are decreasing ; and to America, in which even under the Reciprocity Treaty Canadian goods are liable to the'same duty as if they were imported from Europe, that the smuggler has come to the rescue of the consumer, and carries on a brisk trade over the whole frontier from Maine to Michigan. The heavy excise duties upon spirits, from which the Federal Government had a right to antici pate a large revenue, have in like manner failed to be productive. A wholesome wine and spirit merchant of extensive business in New York informs me as a fact, within his own Liam - lei - Igo; that - a rdtlin3 of 20 mile., from . the centre of that city no less than 500 private stills, unknown to, or at least unmolested by the Excise, are buily at work, and that over the whole country, and especially in the West, illicit distilla tion is generally diffused and highly profitable. The calculation of experts in the whisky business is that the Government loses as much as a million dollars per week, or 50 millions per annum (10 millions sterling), on which it relied when it imposed the tax on alcoholic liquors. When, in addition to this, it is remembered that in Canada distillation of all kinds is free of Excise duty, it becomes apparent that the Federal Government incurs a risk of almost as seri ous a deficiency from this source of revenue as from its quasi prohibitory tariff, and that both Canada and the United States are in danger of financial collapse if they do not judiciously reform a fiscal system which enricheS no one but the native manu facturer, and puts both of them at variance with each other and with the commercial interests of the rest of the world. The Reciprocity Treaty, which the Americans on the Canadian frontier and the Great West, as well as the Canadians, desire to be renewed, and against which no reasons that are not political or vindictive are ever urged by American merchants or statesmen, would leave these difficulties untouched. During the 10 years of its existence agricultural produce alone has been free to pass from one country to the other. Canada could send its white wheats and oats, which. do not thrive so luxuriantly in the States as in the colder latitudes north of the lakes, through the Eric Canal to New York, or over the rail to Portland or Boston, while Chicago and Milwaukie could ship the teeming produce of the West on the Canadian canals and waterways to the great channel of the St. Lawrence, and thence to the markets of Europe. But for all manufactured articles reciprocity was non-existent. Each country had its own tariff, and enforced it as well as it was able. The Americans had the worst of the arrangenient, inasmuch asthey imposed the higher tariff, and thereby offered greater profits to the Canadian smuggler than a fellow speculator in the contraband business, operating from the American side, could discover in Canada. Necessities growing out of the war have forced the American Government to place an Excise duty upon many of the articles produced on its own soil that were previouslyslllidmitted free of duty from Canada. Among The'most important of these, as affecting Canadian interests, is lumber. The American growers and lumberers insist that, in jus tice to them, Canadian lumber, uncial , the new Re ciprocity Treaty, should be taxed on entering the United States to the full extent of the American Excise, and argue the point not only with reference to their own interests, real or supposed, but on behalf of the Federal Exchequer, which if it did not need from this source would be all the revenue derivabl e . unwise to impose a tax upon the home-grown article. Should the confederation of the provinces become an established fact there must, of co urse, be a uni form tariff of Customs' duties. If it be to any ex tent Protectionistit mustassimilate to the American - tariff, or the United States, on their part, must re duce their duties to such a level as will encourage and not impede trade with their neighbours. Other wise the irrepressible smuggler will either ply his vocation to American detriment or compel the Federal Government to establish Custom-houses at intervals of five or six miles along a line almost double the coast length of the Britieh Isles from DUD:4OIICM to Cape Wrath. lf,:going still farther in the direction of free trade titan Canada has ever done, the new Confederation should, as a large and inercasing party in this city recommend, establish free Commercial intercourse with Europe, or reduce the duties on all imported articles to 5 per cent. ad valorem, solely for the purpose of rove »no, and supply the deficiency by an income and property-tax, the American Government ntight find itself in a still more serious dilemma—coinpelled either to revolutionize its whole system of finance or to attempt the annexation of the Confederation by force of arms and a war with England. The danger has not escaped the notice of the New York Chamber of Commerce. The Select Committee of that body to whom was referred the subject of the Reciprocity Treaty express themselves as follows in , 'S.~---- THE SUB, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENIAG, AUGUST 10, 1865 reference to it in their recently published report but during the trials on Tuesday evening the gun, "At some future day the population of the province will with the carriage, the whole weighing 17 tons, was be large, that of Canada being at present not equal to that placed athwart ship position in the short space of 20 of the State of New York. When the Confederation is seconds, the additional time gained being due to the established, the total number will be large enough to make , • employment of a crank handle, which was omitted it respectable among the nations, and the Lakes must, from the nature of things, by their position and capacity, be the on the occasion of the former trials. The result of seat of a great internal commerce. It is clearly the interest, the trials already undertaken since the machinery if it is not the destiny, of the people who are to inhabit has been fitted in the Bellerophon, proves most satis their northern and southern, their eastern and western factorily that each of the 12-ton guns with which it shores, to be on the best terms with each other. The idea is intended to arm that frigate can be trained by four of those peaceful waters ever again becoming the scene of men with astonishing quickness, while the gun is held naval combats should n o t be entertained, and the surest way to prevent it s rea li za ti on , an d t o save th e m illi ons o th e r- firmly in any position, notwithstanding that the ship wise necessary for their defence, is to encourage reciprocity may be rolling in a beam sea or lying safely secured in trade, with the largest practicable range and scope corn- at anchor. What is of far greater importance, per patible with the actual necessities of Government. We cer- haps, in the employment of the new ma c hi ner y i n tainly may point to the advantages of free trade among our- working ordnance of this description i s th a t th e selves. It is ascertained that commodities are annually ex training of the gun can take place during the time it changed between the East and the West, chiefly by the re strieted transportation force of railways to the extent of hun- is being loaded and run in or out, f or th e men en dreds of millions of dollars. Duties on these articles, levied gaged in working the gun may occupy the slide and by each State on their transit, wouldrenderthis interchange be carried round with it without materially checking almost impracticable. Considering the propinquity of the its movement ; i hile, what is also of considerable im- British provinces, it is evident that their nearness might do portance, the gun may be kept o n an o bj ec t w ith th e as much for them, under certain contingencies, as the United States have done for each other. The nearer they greatest precision, the slightest movemen t o f the approach training handles acting u p on th e gun, w hi c h can be to will be for them." trained "muzzle right" or "muzzle left," and reversed It may, perhaps, be found hereafter, though the New York Chamber of Commerce has not yet de voted sufficient attention or turned an unbiassed judgment to the subject, that free trade, not alone with British America, but with Europe, is the true solution for the financial difficulties of this conti nent, and that it may be better for the States to lower their tariff to the standard to be adopted by the Confederation than to keep it at the high level imposed in the interest of the moribund doctrine of Protection. At all events, it is clear that commer cial impediments between the United States and the Confederation must be mutually injurious. And in this - connexion the committee of the New York Chamber of Commerce throw out a suggestion well worthy the attention not only of Americans and Canadians, but of the British Government and people. They say : as often as necessary with absolute promptness. As already pointed out, by doing away with the train ing -wheel on the gun deck and using that only on the lower deck, the whole of the guns may be trained without having a single man in the battery for the purpose and without any machinery whatever being visible there. So satisfactory has been the workingof the machinery already fixed in the Bellerophon that there is no doubt as soon as their lordships have made an official trial of the invention it will at once be fitted to the whole of the large guns which it is intended that frigate shall carry. Lieut. Denny, of her Majesty's ship Hector, was tried by court-martial last Monday, on board her Majesty's ship Defence, now lying in Portland Roads. He was charged by his commanding officer, Capt. Preedy, with going ashore on the 29th July, in plain clothes, contrary to orders, and also with "lt may be intimated in an entirely kindly spirit, that if the Conferation about to be established to the north of us could obtain from the Imperial Government a guarantee that it might preserve a strict neutrality on the breaking out of all future foreign wars in which it has no interest, it might count on perpetual peace and tranquillity and unin being drunk the same day in Kingston-park, near Dorchester. The Court consisted of Capt. A. Phillimore, of her Majesty's ship Defence, presi dent; Capt. G. 0. Willes, C. 8., her Majesty's ship Prince Consort ; Capt. E. M. Vansittart, her Ma terrupted commercial relations with the United States." If this arrangement could be effected in good faith between these three high contracting parties Great Britain would no longer possess a vulnerable point on the North American continent ; the United States would on all occasions possess a friendly and not a hostile power in the north, and would, consequently, have no temptation beyond the mere lust of dominion, to attempt an annexation in form which would already exist in spirit for every purpose for which the Americans could expect to derive commercial or any other advantages ; an d th e Confederation would be at once relieved from two of the most burdensome and unpopular conditions attached to the union of the provinces —the cost of the proposed fortifications, and the hardship as well as cost of a largely increased militia. There may be difficulties in the way, but if the Government of the United States, under such counsels as these, show a disposition to aid in their removal, they need not be formidable. That which is destined for long and noble life does not spring from the gestation of a day, and if British America be destined, as appears probable, to take a place among the Powers of the world, it is unreasonable to expect that its birth should be attended with no difficulty. It must be said, however, that such Canadians as have reflected upon the proposition are not wholly satisfied that if acceded to by all parties the agreement would be honestly observed by the Federal Government, or that in case of dispute provoked by the United States, as such disputes generally are where Great Britain is concerned, Canada or any other portion of. the Confederaticin would be secure from attack unless France were a party to the compact. Party necessities in America are often such as to render the idea of a war with England extremely popular. jesty's ship Achilles ; Capt. Dent, and Commander Symes. Mr. R. N. Howard, of Weymouth, assisted the prisoner in his defence. Evidence was adduced showing that Capt. Preedy six or seven months ago issued a general order that no officer was to go ashore unless in uniform, without special permission being given him. Capt. llornby, of her Majesty's ship Edgar, and Capt. Lord Kerr, of her Majesty's ship Black Prince, then stated that they were at a cricket match, played in Kingston-park on the 29th of July, and saw the prisoner in plain clothes and drunk. Neither of them spoke to him. Lieut. Scott judged from the way the prisoner rode between Dorchester and Kingston-park that he was drunk. Capt. Preedy stated that he refused prisoner per mission to go ashore in plain clothes on the day in question. The Court then adjourned for two hours to enable prisoner to prepare his defence. On the Court resuming Lieut. Denny said, being refused permission to go ashore in plain clothes, July 29, by Capt. Preedy, he went ashore in uniform. Seve ral hours after, being about to ride 14 or 15 miles into the country, he took off his uniform and put on plain clothes; he did so because riding on horseback in naval uniform would have made him appear ridi culous in the eyes of the public. He flatly denied the charge of drunkenness. On his way from Dorchester to Kingston-park he was told that if he crossed a certain place it would lead him direct to the park. In jumping his horse across the spot indicated he was thrown, and fell heavily on his head and shoul der. He, however, got upon the horse and rode to the cricket-field. Ile there told Lieut. Campbell what had occurred, and that officer assisted him to take off one sleeve of his coat and to bind a hand kerchief round his shoulder. The pain brought on faintness, and he lay clown on the grass. While he They never have been, nor are ever likely to be, such as to blind the eyes of American statesmen or of the American people to the flagrant impolicy, not to say the imminent danger, of a war with France and Great Britain united. was in that position Capt. Lord Kerr and Capt. llornby passed him, but did not speak. Soon after Lieut. Campbell cameto him and told him that those two officers had ordered him to get him (Lieut. Denny) off the ground. Ile immediately rode off to Dorchester. Ilis conduct was caused entirely by the ( fall, and not by drinking. Several witnesses Were called who had spoken to prisoner on his way be tween Weymouth and Kingston-park, and at the , latter place, and they all concurred in saying pri soner was tot the worse for liquor. It appeared, however, that during-the day prisoner had had three glasses of wine and three glasses of beer. Messrs. Hoggins and Johnson, naval surgeons, agreed in saying that a severe fall from a horse was calculated to produce nausea and faintness. The latter gentle man, hearing of accident, visited prisoner. He was in bed, and did not present the appearance of a man who had been drunk. The Court then adjourned for a short time. Onresuming, the President announced that the Court considered the charges fully proved. They found the prisoner guilty, and sentenced him to be dismissed from the service. Lieut. Denny was highly esteemed by his brother officers and the men under him. About three weeks ago, on a voyage between Portland and Weymouth by the steamer, a man fell overboard, when Lieut. Denny, who was on board, jumped in after him, and held him up till a boat was got out, and both were picked up. The Chatham yacht left Chatham harbour yester day for Cherbourg, to be in attendance on the officials on the occasion of their visit to the French squadron at that port. The Urgent, troop steamship, Capt. S. Henderson, will make a trial of her machinery to-day, and after wards prepare for her trip to Cherbourg. The Octavia, screw, Capt. C. F. Hillyar, Con stance, screw, Capt. E. R. Barnard, and Liverpool, screw, Capt. R. Lambert, are still at Spithead ; they are expected to leave to-day to join the Channel squadron. The Racoon steam frigate, Capt. Count Gleichen, will leave Cowes to-day for the Mediterranean. The United States' frigate Niagara, from France, passed down Channel on Tuesday afternoon, bound to New York. Her Majesty's screw gunvessel Wanderer, 4, 200 horse power, Commander M. C. Seymour, has trans ferred her guns and other War Department stores to the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, preparatory to being dismantled and put out of commission. She will be paid off on the 16th inst. into the Chatham steam reserve. The chartered screw steamer Hydaspes, which has been taken up for the conveyance of reinforcements of cavalry, Royal Artillery, and Royal Engineer troops to India, was inspected yesterday by Major Gen. Sir Robert Walpole, K.C.8., and Deputy- Inspector Gen. J. A. Fraser, M.D., principal me dical officer at Chatham. The troops will embark from Government-quay, Gravesend, to-day, under the superintendence of the garrison staff from Chatham. Capt. Black is to relieve Capt. Brockman at the depot, 2d battalion 6th Regiment, at Colchester. Lieut. Webb of the 41st has relieved Lieut. Richard son, in command of a company at Landguard Fort, Harwich. The Rev. F. Cannon, Presbyterian Chaplain to the Forces, is ordered to proceed from Chatham to Colchester, to relieve the Rev. A. Hen derson, who will proceed to Dublin. , The ship Sultana, Capt. Thomas Williams, one of the Black Ball line, from Calcutta, with the right wing of the 81st 'regiment, 392 men, 14 women, and 25 children, has arrived in the Channel ; all well. The annual garrison sports at Woolwich took place yesterday, at theßoyal Artillery barrack field, under the patronage of Major-General WTarde, comman dant. They commenced at 11 o'clock a.m., and continued, with short intervals of rest for refresh ment, until half-past 8. The sports were exceed ini c t l h i , e attended course f they ingly i n t eres ti ng, an d were h onoure d w i th the pre sence of Prin ce A r th ur , w h o ro d e d own f rom Green wicnh, governor,. s r, M e a r j g o e r a E nt T lph . in i s l t r o a n rd e : of the Coast Brigade Roy a l • Artillery, who was the winner of the first five • prizes, and also of the prize for the greatast number of first • prizes, obtained a silver watch and chain of the value of £B. An impromptu race for civilian volunteers was got up during the afternoon at the request of his Royal Highness, who presented the winner with a sove reign as his contribution to the sports. After the distribution of the rewards, which were delivered by , Major-Gen. Warde to the successful competitors, the general announced that Prince Arthur had placed in his hands the sum of ilg for the encou ragement of the sports intended to take place next summer. The Scotch Pig Iron Trade. (Front the Mining Journal of Aug. 5.) SCOTCH PIG IRON, FROM AN ENGLISH POINT OF VIEW.—An elaborate report, which has just been issued by Messrs. Lockhart and Co., the well known metal brokers, in Liverpool, shows the wonderful progress of the Scotch iron trade in the last quarter of a century. It exhibits a reduction "of 56,000 tons in the stock of pig iron in Scotland in the last six months, that the present stock bears about the same proportion to the wants of the trade as the stock in 1852 bore to the wants of that period—about 71 months' consumption, and the price in that year rose more than 100 per cent., and the average price for five years, 1853-57, was 70s. 6d. a ton." It also shows, that, whilst the " demand from America can hardly be worse than during the first half of this year, other important outlets are opening up to the iron trade of this country ;" and " the only reserve stock any where of consequence to draw from is Scotch pig iron." It reveals the remarkable fact that the largest deliveries of pig-iron on record were in 1864, when the highest price was 675. 3d., and the average 575. 3d. per ton, with the value of money averaging 7i per cent. Notwithstanding the stop page for some time of the consumption of pig-iron by the late strike among the puddlers in England and Scotland, and the forslacking of exports to the United States, the stocks of pig-iron have already this year decreased in the North of England 11,000 tons, and in Scotland upwards of 60,000 tons. According to official returns, the total shipments last week were 17,179 tons, against 13,138 tons in the same period of last year, thus showing an increase of 4,041 tons. Such is the enlarging demand for iron, both at home and abroad, that it is now fairly in excess of the supply ; and we are again enabled to congratulate the coun try upon the beginning of another period of pros perity in this important trade. Naval and Military Intelligence. The Duke of Somerset, K.G., the First Lord of the Admiralty, accompanied by his colleagues, Ad miral Sir F. W. Grey, G.C.13., Rear-Admiral Charles Eden, C. 13., and Mr. 11. C. Childers, with the First Secretary Vice-Admiral Lord Clarence Paget, C. 8., Sir Richard Mayne, Chief Commis-. sioner of Police, Major Clarke, R.E., director of engineering, Captain Hall, private secretary, and Sir Charles Fremantle, the Port Admiral, left the yacht Enchantress at half-past 10 o'clock on Tues day morning, entered their barge, and proceeded on board the gunnery ship Cambridge, Captain Charles J. F. .Ewart, lying off St. John's Lake. The men were mustered and exercised at the guns. Their Lordships next went on board the Impreg nable, 78, training ship for boys, Captain Francis S. Tremlett, moored near Mount Edgecumbe. They visited the school, where 250 boys were present, and afterward went on the upper deck and had the boys assembled according to their parents' places of habitation. Those from London, Exeter, the country round Devonport, and from Ireland were each clustered together. The total number at school is about 600. After inspecting the brig Squirrel, 8, Lieutenant Thomas K. Hudson, tender to the Impregnable, the Duke and the other Lords landed at Admiral's Hard, Stonehouse, where they were received by Major-General A. B. Stransham, In spector-General of Royal Marines, and Col. George Cole Langley, Deputy Adjutant-General, with whom they proceeded to the barracks, where the division of Royal Marines, in two battalions of six companies of 24 files each, was drawn up on the parade under the command of Colonel J. 11. Gas coigne, C. 8., the commandant. The men marched past in slow and in quick time, and their appearance seemed to give great satisfaction. The muster roll of the division now in barracks includes 33 officers, 48 sergeants, 112 corporals, 47 drummers, and 1,218 privates. In consequence of the masons' strike, very little progress has been made latterly in the contract for the erection on the westward 'of the additional barrack accommodation projected by the Govern ment, and it is stated to be the intention of the authorities, unless greater progress is made, to take the work into their own hands. The Lords of the Admiralty are now treating with the Great Western Dock Company (whose property is adjacent) for the purchase of additional land to the eastward. From the Marine Parade the Duke of Somerset and his colleagues went to the practising battery and to Eastern King, the site of the new residence for the Queen's Harbour-master, which they examined very closely. They proceeded thence to the Royal 'Wil liam Victualling-yard, where they were received by Capt.-Superintendent Codd and his secretary; Com mander IV heeler,the Master-Attendant; Mr.Rgram, clerk of works ; and Mr. W. Churcher, chief clerk to the Storekeeper. Their Lordships inspected the mill, the cattle, and the slaughter-house, in which some time was occupied. They then entered their barge and were rowed up Stonehouse Lake to the Royal Naval Hospital, where they were met by C a pt. Codd, Inspect or -G en. J o h n G . S tewart, M.D., Deputy_ nspee n to e r v - . I\Gern..R R . o r b a e y r n t M.A., l h . e D . , agent,the chaplain, ' the Mr. John Grant, and other officers. Their Lord ships visited several of the officers' and men's wards, and, having transacted some official business, left in their barge at 5 p.m. I n th e evening they' dined with the Port Admiral on Mount Wise. The Duke of Somerset, K.G., with other Lords of the Admiralty, arc expected to arrive at Ports mouth to-day in the Enchantress, on their annual visit of inspection. • The First Lord will hold his levee on Saturday. Mr. E. J. Reed, the chief constructor of the navy, with other officials, paid a visit to the dockyard at Chatham on Tuesday afternoon for the purpose of witnessing some experimental trials with machinery for working the 12-ton 300-pounder gun, mounted on board the ironclad frigate Bellerophon, the de scription of which has already appeared in 7he Sun. On the occasion of the former trials, the gun, by means of the machinery, was put over to the extreme training by four men in a few seconds over a minute, THE CATTLE PLAGUE. MEETING OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE FARMERS. AYLESBURY, Wednesday Evening. The anxiety of the agriculturists of this county appears to be very greatly intensified in reference to the imminent spread of the cattle plague throughout the country, if the large meeting of farmers, graziers, and others held this afternoon at the Crown Hotel in this town, and the ear nestness with which they addressed themselves to the sub ject, are to be taken as criteria. The large market-room of the hotel was so densely crowded that there was scarcely space sufficient for all who attended. As on the occasion of the preliminary meeting on Saturday, Mr. W. Rose, of Eythorpe, again presided, and was supported by many of the principal owners of stock in the district. The business was opened by Mr. G. A. LErrEß,veterinary surgeon to the Vale of Aylesbury Cattle Assurance Associa tion,who read an elaboratelyprepared report on the history, symptoms, &c., of the new disease, together with some very interesting results of post-mortem examinations which he had made of animals who had fallen victims to the distemper, and he concluded by making a variety of practical sugges tions with a view to preventing the spread of the disease in this part of the country. Mr. H. LEPPER gave a short history of assurance of cattle, with the view of showing that the ordinary means of re lieving farmers from loss of stock would utterly fail in the present case were the plague to become wide-spread, and urging the need of a special organisation to meet the pre sent special emergency. He suggested that one requirement to be inserted in the rules of the new society for protection against the plague should be, that every member observing the slightest deviation in tho state of health of any of their cattle should report the same to the committee, that steps might be taken to isolate them, and other means adopted to prevent the spread of the disease. Mr. J. T. SENIOR dwelt on the importance of stopping, if possible, the importation of cattle from the London markets into the country. Last Monday about 18 to 20 beasts were brought thence to Aylesbury, and, as proximity to infected cattle to the extent of 100 yards would spread the contagion, it was evident that the Aylesbury farmers were by no means safe.. He expressed his sense of the importance of killing the beasts as soon as ever an infected condition was dis covered. Mr. G. M. ALLENDER blamed tho Government with hav ing been tardy in the matter. Any local efforts would be inadequate to grapple with it, and the greatest good the present meeting could do would be to memorialise the Privy Council to stir themselves a little more than they had done by the mere issuing of a letter to the Royal Agricultural Society of England and the Veterinary College. He thought the letter was a disgrace to the Government, who appeared to want to throw the whole of the care of the matter on indi viduals. What would be the use of the Vale of Aylesbury taking action if the Government would not assist at the ports? For nearly every case was traceable to the importa tion of foreign cattle, and the plague would not have been in England at all if those cattle had not been brought over. The Government admitted in theirletter that out of 160,000 cattle attacked in Russia last year 105,000 died, and they said that their powers as vested in thorn were limited; and moreover—and this was the disgraceful part of the letter —that "it did not appear that in any country where the Government possessed the amplest power of dealing with such cases, and had used it, any very signal success had resulted." But England was not in a similar set of circum stances. The countries referred to already had the disease, but it did not exist in England, but was brought hither, and therefore he contended the Government of this coun try had the power to prevent its introduction. (Applause.) He moved that a petition be at once drawri up, memorial ising the Government to immediately enforce a quarantine of seven or ten days. That would stop the foreign impor tation, infected animals already in England would be iso lated, and thus the disease be speedily arrested. The memorial should also adopt Mr. Senior's view, that the beasts should at once be killed as soon as infection was dis covered. Mr. T. C. HOWLAND seconded the motion, giving the Government credit for issuing circulars to the railway companies and ports. But railwAy companies did not give much heed to such advice; and, as an instance, he men tioned that at the Aylesbury station of the London and North Western Railway sometimes the cattle trucks used by the Bucks farmers were not cleaned out for six weeks together, and only a few days ago three boasts died from the plague during transmission from London to Birmingham. Mr. FREEMAN and several other farmers supported the motion, and it was unanimously carried, the memorial be ing signed in the room by owners of stock representing an aggregate of 5,000 head of cattle. The meeting then went into matters of detail regarding the constitution of the society for mutual assurance against loss of cattle by the now disease. They decided by a very • large majority to allow two-thirds of the value of smitten baa.stg to rig 7 members as might /oso them from that rause, the proposal to allow only one half finding but little favour. The following were also appointed a committee to draw up the rules, and submit them to the body of members :—Mr. W. Rose, Eythorpe, chairman ; Mr. Geo. Fell, secretary ; Messrs. J. Korsley, Fowler, E. Stone, W. 11. Rose, T. W. Morris, H. Lepper, G. A. Lepper, Humphrey Bull, E. Ben nett, Walter Crook, J. P. Parrott, T. C. Howland, T. Woodman (Tying), J. Biggs, J. Donchfield, M. Bliss, J. Kingham, W. Mayson, G. French, and J. Trevor, sen. The meeting then adjourned. CANTERBURY, WEDNESDAY. There is no longer any doubt that the disease which has made its appearance among cattle in the vicinity of this city is the murrain. Mr. Vim. Dombrain, who has a farm at Broad Oak, about a mile and a half from the city, has already lost ten cows, and the disease, in a less virulent form, has attacked the stock of other dairymen. It is also reported that it has appeaaed in various parts of the Isle of Sheppey and the Isle of Thanet. In the case of Mr. Dom brain the infection was communicated to his stock by four Dutch calves, purchased in the Canterbury market, which had been sent from London. As soon as there was reason to apprehend the fearful visitation had broken out here, the Mayor of Canterbury wrote to tho authorities in Lon don, and the result was the sending down of an inspector to institute inquiries into the matter. For this purpose Mr. George T. Brown visited Canterbury yesterday, and the result of his inspection may be gathered from the fol lowing letter addressed to the mayorof the city : " Canterbury, Aug. 8. " Sir, —having made an inspection of Mr. Dombrain's farm, and satisfied myself of the existence of the cattle plague in the neighbourhood, I have the honour to submit to you the following suggestions for the prevention of the spread of the disease : " Ist. On the appearance of any symptoms of ill-health among cattle, the affected animals should be separated from the rest, and if the plague is found to bo developed, the animals should be at once destroyed and buried. "2nd. No infected animal, dead or alive, should be taken along public, ways, nor any animals that have been near infected stock, or that have been attended by men who have been in contact with animals having the disease. " 3d. No communication, direct or indirect, should be permitted to occur between diseased and healthy stock under any circumstances. " 4th. The extensive use of some disinfectant, as chlo ride of lime, is to be advised in sheds and farm-yards, oven where no disease has appeared. " sth. It is very desirable, as a matter of expediency, that no fresh cattle should bo purchased except for the purpose of immediate slaughter, or otherwise with the in tention to keep them in an isolated position for not less than 14 days before allowing;them to mix with otherstock. " The alarming spread of the disease through the coun try renders the adoption of the most stringent sanatory regulations absolutely necessary.—l am, sir, your very obedient servant, " GEORGE T. Bnowx. " The Mayor of Canterbury." The mayor has appdinted au inspector of stock for the Canterbury market, and meetings of the town council and also of tho farmers of East Kent have been convened to adopt other precautionary measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Messrs. Durant and Co., reviewing the course of business in the silk trade during the last month, say We have had a month of extreme 'quiet in silk. At the time of the departure of the 10th July mail, a check had already been established by a telegram announcing good prospects as to crop in China, and probably very low opening prices. Within a few days other telegrams were received announcing large settlements, and fully confirming the expectation as to the comparative abundance of the crop. This effectually put a stop to all busi ness, for although they reported a material rise in prices, this was looked upon as the result of the greatly improved accounts from this side, rather than any doubt as to the probable amount of ex port. The letters delivered this morning hold out the hope of a larger quantity than had been previously contemplated, but there is again a telegram in town, of later date, giving decidedly unfavourable accounts of the prospects of the second crop, and limiting the estimate of total quantity from China to the original statement of 50,000 bales. This will no doubt have more or less effect upon the minds and feelings of the importers of the large quantity of about 7,000 bales to be landed next week. For the moment our quotations are merely ' nominal—the few transactions that have taken place in old silk have been at a reduction of about 10 per cent. Bengal silk has fully shared in the general quiet, and the little business done has been at the same reduction. Trial for Murder in France. The Assize Court for Douai was occupied on Saturday with the trial of a murderer named Manesse, who killed five persons with a hatchet, and left a sixth for dead, in so in credibly short a space of time that, until he made a full con fession, the public refused to believe in the possibility of the crimes of which ho was accused. About a year ago, in the case of Bastide Besplas, it was seriously argued by the counsel for the defence that no man was ever known to kill so many as fourpersons immediately one after the other, and that the thing was impossible. But in the present in stance it is beyond a doubt that Maness° actually felled, like oxen, no less than six people, without a moment's pause, breaking the skulls of two of them with a single blow each, killing three others with many wounds, and grievously injuring the remaining ono of the party. The indictment stated that on the 17th March last, at about 7 in the evening, a bloody drama appalled the inhabitants of the commune of Favril. Six persons fell under the blows of an assassin. Five died the same night, without for an instant, recovering consciousness or being able to utter a word, and the sixth only recovered after a long period of the utmost danger. The first victim was Isidore Largil liere, a farmer, of Favril, aged 48. He was found in a stable with his face smashed and one eye knocked out. The second was his son, a lad of 18, whose body was found by the side of that of his father ; his skull was split up, and a part of the brain had escaped from it. The third was Albino Largilliere, sister of the last, a young girl of 19. Sho appears to have been struck down as she was running away from the house ; there were eight wounds on her head, two of which had fractured her skull. The fourth was Desiree Largilliere, aged 42, the sister of Isidore, who lived next door to him ; she had five wounds on the head, by two of which the skull was broken. The fifth was Leopoldino Largilliere, aged 16, a natural daughter of Desiree ; she was wounded iu the head in two places, and from one of them the brain protruded. Desiree and Leopoldine were knocked down on the threshold of Isidore's house, to which they were probably hastening when they heard the cries of the other victims. Mdme. Largilliere, aged 38, the only one of the family destined to survive the massacre, had four wonds in the head, and a fifth under the chin, which occasioned a frac ture of the left part of the lower jaw. She was found senseless lying on the ground, with her head against the open door of the house from which the murderer had fled. The numerous wounds received by the victims were all evidently inflicted by the same instrument, wielded with extraordinary force by ono and the same hand. The neighbours had heard the blows and the cries of anguish, but not one had had the courage to interfere. The boldest only ventured to approach the scene when the carnage, which occupied but a very few minutes, was entirely over. Madame Largillioro, when re stored to consciousness, related that on the evening in ques tion she was at supper with her son and daughter, when she heard her husband coming home with a waggon and six horses. She sent her son out to the stables to meet his father. Her daughter shortly followed, taking the lamp with her, and a few minutes later she (Madame Largilliere) being all alone, felt herself struck, but without seeing the assassin, and she remembered nothing more. The supper table bore indentations from the instrument used by the murderer, and it seems probable that she in rushing after the aggressor must have fallen outside the door, where she was found. Nothing was stolen either from the persons of the victims or from either of the two houses. The mur derer- surprised Isidore Largilliere in the stable, which ho entered by a back door, without passing through the village of Favril. The acte d'accusatioa then enters into long argu mentative details, unnecessary to be repeated, after the confession, to show that no stranger to the premises could have committed the crime, and that nobody but the prisoner had a motive for doing it. The motive assigned was that Maness°, a small farmer, whose property was mortgaged, and who was over head and ears in debt, was ono of the heirs of the Largilliere family by virtue of his marriage with one of Largilliere's sisters, and that he was anxious to hasten the . succession. He made various confessions, telling lies in all of them, as confessing murderers are wont to do. In one of his confessions he sought to implicate as an accomplice a brother-in-law named Fresse, who was a co-heir of the Lar-' gillieres, but at the trial he withdrew this accusation, and admitted that he alone was concerned in the murder. Tho presiding judge endeavoured to make him confess that he deliberately planned from the first the murder of the whole family, in order to get his share of the property of all of them. But he persisted, and in this ho probably spoke the truth, that he only meant to kill the head of the family, Isidore, and that after striking him clown in the stable ho killed all the others to prevent them from giving evidence against him. He also represented, and this seems, onread ing the report, not improbable—that it was not with a view to inherit from Isidore Largilliere that he killed him, but because he had a dispute with him about the distribution of a relation's property, which had been so managed as to give Largilliero two horses more than he was entitled to. He alleged that ho had been drinking a great deal, and ad mitted, in answer to the leading question of the judge, that ho was also drunk with blood, and that one murder led him on to another. It is a most extraordinary thing that this unparalleled series of murders should have been perpetrated at an early hour of the evening, in a hamlet where there were several houses, and yet that the murderer should have got clear away, walked to a distant village with a view to establish an alibi, come back to his wife and daughter at his house on the scene of his crimes, attended the funeral of his victims, and not been arrested till several days after the deed. It was only at last public suspicion that pointed at him on account of his violent character. Everybody said there was nobody in Favril but Maness° who could have done it. At length the police collected a number of small proofs which they thought justified his arrest, and his confession soon supplied the links wanting. Manesse is 52 years of age, a man of Herculean strength, and with an impediment in his speech. He stuttered so much during his examination as to be often unintelligible. The telegraph which brings the result of the trial says that he seemed totally unmoved when sentenced to death. THE DEAD HAND.—The celebrated Lord Ches terfield's will contains this prelude :—" Satiated with the pompous follies of this life, of which I have had an uncommon share, I would have no posthumous ones displayed at my funeral, and therefore desire to be, buried in the next burying-place to the place where I shall die, and limit the whole expense of myfuneral to £100." Shortly after comes the following cla u se :—" The several devises and bequests horeinbefore and hereinafter given by me to and in favour of my said godson, Philip Stanhope, shall be subject to the condition and restriction hereinafter men tioned—that is to say, that in case my said godson, Philip Stanhope, shall at any time hereafter keep or be concerned in the keeping of any racehorse or racehorses, or pack or packs of hounds; or reside one night at Newmarket, that infamous seminary of iniquity and ill manners, during the course of the races there, or shall resort to the said races, or shall lose in any ono day at any game or bet whatsoever the sum of £5OO, then, and in any of the cases aforesaid, it is my express will that he, my said god-son, shall forfeit and pay out of my estate the sum of £5,000 to and for the use of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, for every such offence or misdemeanour as is above specified, to be recovered by action for debt in any of his Majesty's courts of record at Westminster." The will entails a similar pe nalty on the letting of Chesterfield-house. The present Lord Chesterfield, Nvho is son of the man on whom these liabi lities were imposed, has certainly let Chesterfield-house, and has, wo will venture to say, passed some nights at the " iniquitous seminary of iniquity and ill manners:" His ancestor vested the infliction of the penalty in the reverend hands of the Dean and Chapter, to mark, by a sort of Parthian dart, his sense of the grasping spirit he considered they had evinced in their dealings with him respecting the land on which his house was built, and to abow whata rigid enaction of 'the penalty imposed ho anticipated from such sharp practitioners.—Fraser's Magazine. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The appearance of the cholera in the Mediterranean has revived that maniacal terror which in certain countries is the periodical substitute for habitual common sense and ordinary precaution. Whether cholera be epidemic, infectious, or conta gious we have almost ceased to inquire, for the simple reason that it is impossible to keep out a pest which travels with the wind, or is conveyed in a bit of cloth; a breath, or a touch, but quite possible to reduce to a minimum each man's chance of a serious attack, and each place's chance of a destructive visitation. Cleanliness, good food, regular habits, will almost secure a person or a place, and where these are wanting there is no security. The cities of the Mediterranean trust to good air, to chance, to Providence, and to that display of wild energy which the Governments are always expected to show in the hour of danger. But in that fairest of regions you have only to walk a hundred yards from your hotel in almost any direction to see with your own eyes, and perceive with your own nose, that no preparation is made against the worst epi demics, and that the plague would find ready victims. We read lately in a traveller's account of Cairo that there was not a drain in it, and that the sun and the dogs were the only scavengers. The case is nearly as bad in most of the cities that rear their white walls, flat roofs, and orange groves out of the blue sea. Even without the help of a plague, life is not long there, but long life is not wanted ; a great deal is done in a short time, and, to the last, bright scenes and pleasant hopes hide the approach to the grave. But the climate is a standing miracle, and the people live cheerfully through foods and drinks, smells, vermin, heat and chills that would not only shorten life here, but render it intolerable. So they won't prepare for the evil day. They think they need not, and they are not content to remain as they are. At the first rumour of the approach ing foe they feel like men without fortifications, or arms, or the art of war. They hale nothing to fall back upon. They have no practical measure of the danger and its preventatives, so they fly to super stition, to old formalities, to anything that may satisfy the imagin'ation,—the quarantine, the laza retto, fumigations, immersions, the perforation of letters, and such expedients as satisfy the craving to do something or other. A thousand experiences are against them ; hardly one for them ; but they meet the terrible theories of contagion and infec tion ; and as nothing else has been done, they are all that can be done when the cholera is approaching. It is to be )considered, however, that the inter national relations of the . civilised world are not quite what they were five hundred years ago. We now do not think it a matter of no importance—in deed, desirable rather than otherwise—to put our neighbours to the greatest possible inconvenience, to keep them waiting any number of days or weeks, or even to destroy a few of them. The old theory was that nobody had a right to enter a foreign land, and that if he was permitted to enter at last, he had no right to complain of delay, cost, and -danger. Happily, this is not the religion of our days. We even recognise an international obliga tion to do all the good we can to one another, and the least possible harm. We must be excused, then, if we become sensible of a grievous anachronism when we hear of a traveller expecting to be kept in quarantine several days at Brindisi, Ancona, Trieste, and even six at Marseilles. What actually happened to a traveller who attempted to save the quarantine by coming home via Constantinople and the Da nube is no more than might be expected from such a route. On arriving at the Dardanelles, after a stormy passage, resulting in three deaths among the pilgrims crowded on deck, he found himself treated as an enemy of the human race. He was ordered into a lazaretto, where he had to make hiniself as comfortable as he could in one corner of a room, opening by a door into another equally crowded. Here he was a prisoner, as, indeed, were all the other occupants, and a mouthful of fresh air would have cost hire a bullet through his lungs. In this misery a neighbour did fall sick, and was thereupon hurried off to a sort of condemned cell at the hos pital, where, in confinement, solitude, and utter want of everything, he speedily died, and was as speedily buried. As the English traveller had touched the poor man, his quarantine of ten days—for that he found to be the term when there was not a clean bill of health—had to recommence, and he may con gratulate himself that he is not there still, waiting till he has completed ten days from and after every incident at all likely to suggest a suspicion. As one room in the lazaretto contained 11 persons, two of them down with fever, we can only conclude that they must be there still, unless, indeed, they have all followed the luckless Italian whose fate the tra veller witnessed to the hospital without nurses or medicine, and the grave without ceremony. Our time, of course, may come. The cholera is said to be advancing westward slowly, but surely. The last report was from Marseilles. In London we have had a good deal of that sort of illness which is supposed to turn into cholera under certain con ditions. We feel sure, however, that if the cholera comes this way, no quarantine, no detentions, no fumigation, no lines of demarcation will keep it out. The disease will appear in many different places at once, many miles from one another, and all far away from the traditional sailor landed at .Rotherhithe. We well remember the sporadic appearance of the disease all over England in 1832, in villages, in situations high and dry, selected for health, in par sonages where contagion and infection were impos sibilities. Indeed, the panic of that year ran rather on articles of diet, and the produce of the best gar dens in the country went a begging. All sorts of stories were told of fatal indulgence. One lady died after partaking of the fruits and sweets that re mained from a college " gaudy ;" a clergyman walked in his garden after dinner, plucked the cur rants, and wis dead next morninc, ; an attorney supped on crab, and was shortly a dead man. There were hundreds of such stories, in which it is pro bable that the truth was told, but not all the truth, or the most important part of the truth. Consider ing that an effective quarantine is impossible, and that we cannot immediately take a great step in our sanitary arrangements, we are disposed to think that a general regard to personal health and an avoidance of needless risks is our proper way of meeting the supposed invader. In some respects the English are much more reckless than the inhabitants of even more genial climates. The Englishman has not that horror of rain and wet clothes, of exposure to a burning sun, or of the chill after a hot day that pervades the south of Europe. The Englishman gets up later and goes to bed later than most of his Con tinental neighbours. Many tnglishmen suffer more than they need do from bad cookery, or rather from what may be called no cookery at all. Many among us take a pride in being able to eat and drink any thing—nothing comes amiss to them. This may be harmless under ordinary circumstances, but there are occasions, even without the presence of an epi demic, that try a strong constitution, and if the cholera gets a footing here, it will not improve mat ters in this respect. HERALD.—At a time of comparative quietude in the political world there is every opportunity for devoting our attention to social questions, and to those revelations of common life which are for ever making themselves heard in the police courts. In deed, the taste of the age runs in that direction, and we are much more apt to " look at home" for matters to discuss than we were in other and less peaceful times. This fact is plainly proved in our modern histories ; and it cannot be forgotten that Macaulay's great element of popularity consisted in the eminently " social" tone he imparted to his " History of England." Scott, in his fictions, must have considerable credit for working the lodes of this social mine, and treating of the real life under lying his romance • - while the present Archbishop of Dublin has, in his " Social Aspect of the Thirty Years' War," gone similarly to work ; and noted how great contests by " flood and field" affected the people below the ken of graver and more lofty historians. After all, the lees of society have much in common with the wealth and prosperity of na tions ; and it is wise to study this shifting, teeming foundation, if we want, in the language of Napoleon ' 111., to understand ourselves and our epoch. The famous Latin quotation, expressing the necessary interest of man in everything human, should be kept in remembrance, otherwise we read our annals but poorly, and lose half our lesson. Years ago " the cry of the children" in our streets attracted considerable attention, and good results have so far followed that ragged schools and reformatories have become institutions of the land. " Homes" of all kinds there are for the neglected little ones—the offspring of pariahs and social criminals,who neglect, and even let loose to rob, those they should honestly nurture and protect. Diem is no want of philan thropy, of gener9us effort to rescue children from the destruction that follows closely upon vice. But the task is a heavy one, and Augean stables of poverty and crime demand a river of wholesome effort to cleanse them of their foulness. How painfully these facts are thrust upon our attention can be seen in the ever-recurring instances of youthful crime which are made public through the columns of the daily press. The children of the very poor are, undoubtedly, quick to r i pen i n a certain kind of knowledge. They are not " winter pears," of late fruition ; and it is really wonderful at how early an age a neglected infant--many offenders against the laws are nothing more than infants—thrown upon the streets, learns to deceive, to plot, and to steal, with a sh rew d ness equa l to that of much older criminals.' Now and then it is not exactly poverty that turns these wretched chil dren upon the streets, it is gross inhumanity aria heartless violation of parental duties. This is a kind of desperate wickedness that demands punishment • and we are sorry to see that punishment thus earned • -... does not always fall upon the right shoulders. What, for instance, do parents deserve who turn their miserable offspring out to steal at an age when, ingmany spherei'of life, children are scarcely out of the nursery ; neglect is bad enough, but absolute encouragement to crime is so far worse that it calls for severe measures—measures that, unfortunately, cannot always be adopted in the present state of our criminal law. The immediate text upon which these remarks are founded will no doubt occur to our rea d ers. It was g i ven i n our impression of yesterday. On Tuesday last two chil dren, a boy aged ten, and a girl aged eight years, were brought to the Clerkenwell Police-court, charged with plotting to obtain is., by fradulent pretences, from a licensed victuallei7. These children, although so young, were evidently adepts in the predatory art, and the way in which they went about their shocking and unlawful business sug gests either intense natural shrewdness, or criminal ability acquired in the school of Fagin the Jew. The technical phrases of the report read curiously enough in such a case. " The male prisoner," the child of ten years, " went into the Olive Branch Tavern, and called for and was served with half a pint of beer in a common earthenware jug. He put down half a crown and was given his proper change." Then begins the plot. The other prisoner, the girl of eight years, entered the public-house and " asked what was the price of the best brandy." As soon as this question was answered, the " male prisoner" asserted that be had not received his right change ; he wanted a shilling more. The landlord's suspicions were then aroused, and as the girl was leaving the house he detained her. We may make short work of the denouement. The child was searched, and in her pinafore the missing shilling found. But these two children had learnt their lesson well ; the devices of the predatory school did not fail them ; and they declared, " with great vehemence and oaths," that they were total strangers to each other. They were, however, given into custody, and certain spoils and silver money were found upon them, the proceeds, no doubt, of other criminal adventures. Nor was this the first time of their coming under suspicion. They had before this occurrence been " remanded for a week," and. then discharged with a caution. So that "Edward. and Emma Steel, aged respectively ten and eight," were experienced practitioners. The why and the wherefor of this early development of kleptomania. came fully out during the proceedings at Clerken well. The father of these wretched children had, it appeared, regularly despatched them abroad on their errands of robbery. He had on many occasions interfered to save them from punishment by stating that they were " respectable," when he was, of course, aware that they had before come under the cognisance of the police, and he had been successful in preserving them for the disgraceful business till, according to the statement of the attorney prosecut ing, they had achieved the grand number of one hundred and fifty frauds by similar devices to that under the consideration of the court. To establish the truth of this statement, Mr. Rickets, the attorney in question, said that "he had then more than fifty tradesmen in attendance to go on with charges " against the two children, while the reporter inform; us that " the court was well filled with licensed vic tuallers and others who had been defrauded by the prisoners." Now what was the magistrate to do in such a case as this ? The father of the children, " a working shoemaker, who did not seem to do much work," but who was reported to be the habit of riding out in a waggonette " on Sunday, was in court, and he expressed his belief that his girl, eight years of age, had been "led away" by his boy of ten. " But he did not know." This was truly a lame excuse for a father who was proved to be thoroughly cognisant of his children's criminal proceedings, and to have assisted them by his pro tection and countenance when they were "in trouble." It was a bad excuse—worse than no ex cuse at all ; and it is not to be wondered at that Mr. Barker, being unable to lay the responsibility where it should be borne, expressed his regret at the failure of complete justice in the case. All he could effect in the way of rescue, and in the nature of punishment, was the sending of the boy to prison for a month with hard labour, and then to a refor matory for five years. The girl he discharged. Here is a history of parental neglect with a vengeance; of children corrupted while their years can yet be counted on their fingers ; and of law impotent to reach the real offender. We hope there are not many such waiting to be told ; but it is impossible to be patient under the fact that the responsible heroes of such stories leave the court with nothing more than a stain on their character. COUNTRY MARKETS LYNN-TUESDAY. Tho supply of fresh wheat at market to-day was very short; what was on offer found a ready sale at 2s to 3s per qr. upon last Tuesday's rates. Barley, oats, and beaus found buyers at improving prices. New wheat, 46s to 48s; new red, 41s to 435; old white, 42s to 438; old rod, 41s to 42s per 36 stone. Barley for malting-, 28s to 32s ; secondary, 30s ; ordinary, 24s to 26s per qr. Oats, 18s to 24s per 24 stone. Beans, large, 38s to 40s ; small, 40s to 428 per 38 stone. S ALISBURY.-T UESDAY. At market advantage was taken of adverse reports in re gard to the harvest, and also of the important advance established at Mark-lane yesterday. Holders therefore asked as much as 4s per. qr. more money than was obtained a week ago. There was a short supply, but buyers were indisposed to speculate to any extent. Grinding barley little doing, but:prices ruled firm. Oats quite as dear, but met few inquiries. Beans and peas rather higher, and Hour likewise dearer. The following are the quotations :—Wheat realised from 36s to 48s ; barley, 26s to 348; oats, 22s to 30s ; beans, 40s to 48s ; and peas, 32s to 42s per qr. Winter tares, from 8 3 , to lls per bushel ; Best bread, 10d ; hous e h o ld ditt o , 9a per 81b loaf. Flour, 28s to 34s per sack. HULL-TUESDAY. Since our last there has been a change in the corn trade, wheat having advanced fully 2s per qr., with a brisk de mand for all fresh samples of English. Foreign wheat haft also advanced is per qr. Malting barley without change in value. There was a good supply of English wheat, which sold slowly at an advance of is to 2s per qr. Foreign also advanced is per 480Ib. Oats 6d and is per qr. dearer. English old white wheat, 44s to 48s ; old red, 40s to 420• Barley, chevalier, 28s to 325. Oats, Russian, 22s to 240. Beans, now English, 42s to 435. Peas, English blue, 355 to 36s 6d ; grinding, 35s to 35s Gd per 36 stone. MELTON MOWBRAY.-T UESDAY. White wheat, 44s to 48s ; red, 39s to 44s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, 32s to 34s'per qr ; feed, 26s to 29s per 30 stone. Oats, 27s to 30s. Beans, old, 43s to 455; new, 40s to —s per qr. NEWCASTLE - ON-TYNE.—TUESDAY. Since Saturday the weather has been somewhat unset tled in the north. In some favoured districts there hag been a little harvesting, but anything like general opera tions in the field cannot be expected yet awhile. There was a fair supply of wheat from the growers and a mode rate arrival from the coast and abroad. There was rather a dull market at Gd advance on Saturday's rates. Barley rather dearer ; malt firm ; beans and peas unchanged ; oats at previous rates. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. s. d. W.Wylam l5 6 Wylam l6 0 Carway and Duffryn Walls End Haswell 2O 0 Malting 24 0 South Hartlepool l9 0 Tees Cowpen Hartley Hastings Hartley l7 9 Tunstall Ships at:market, 17; sold, 12. EADVERTISEMENT.I—HoIIowey's Ointment and Unerring Precision.—When the health is breaking down, from the continuance of some weakening discharge, when ulcers refuse to heal, and extending mischief is threatened, then is the time to try the potency of Holloway's healing ointment and purifying pills. No treatment for giving ease and safely leading to a cure can be compared to this. The ointment cleans and cools the foulest and most angry sores, diminishes the inflammation, reduces the swelling, pre vents the growth of proud flesh, and spares both pain and danger. Thousands testify, from their own personal ex perience, to the unvarying success attending the use of Holloway's medicaments in casesof ulcerated leg; enlarged veins, scurfy skin, and swelled ankles. Births. CitorToN.--On the 7th inst., at Rossana, the Hon. Mrs. 0 • Crofton, of a daughter. DARBISHIRE.—On the Bth inst., tho wife of Vernon Darbi shire, Esq., of Glatt-y-Coed, Conway, of a son. GLovER.—On tho 9th inst., at St. Katherine's, Rogent'S" park, the wife of the Rev. J. Hulbert Glover, of a son. TULLOIL—On the Bth inst., at Edinburgh, the wife of Major Tulloh, late of Elliston, Roxburghshire, of a sou•. Marriages KINDON—MALLEBER.—On the Bth inst., at St. Matthew% Walsall, James Kindon, Esq. , of Duppa's House, CAl don, to Clara, daughter of William Malleber, of W 4l " sail. A r OOLVERTON—Punms.—On the Bth insta, at St. Joh ll 'l , Deptford, William Woolverton, of New Cross-row,' Deptford, to Rebecca Major, only daughter of Thomas Purvis, Esq., of Brockley Lodgo, Brockley-road, Dept" ford. Death& CoxE.—On the 7th inst., at Oak Lawn, Sydonham-ris e ' Leonard Streate Coxe, Esq., aged 86. HAnniEs.—On the Bth inst., at Weston-super-Mare, Geo. Jordan llarries, Esq., of Priskilly Forest, Pembroko shire. MILNES.—On the Bth inst., at Stubbin Edge Hall, Derby shire, Wm. Mines, jun., Esq., aged 46. TAYLOR.—On the sth inst., Walter Taylor, E s q., o f Lock' wood House, Huddersfield. Tuukir.—On the 9th inst., at Blackheath, Henry Tull° ll ' Esq., late of Demerara. VErrcn.—On the 11th June, at Dacca, India, maj...General Hamilton Veitch. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AN of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tn Sort Office, No ",.; Strand; in the Precinct of the S a voy, in the Covn t Y Ididdlesexe—Thursday, August 10, 1885, I 5 1