The Sun. — London, England, 1866-07-03 00:00:00

TILE PRUSSIAN ARMY. (From the Times' Military Correspondent.) IIEAD-QUARTERS OF THE FIRST ARMY, REICHENBERG 7 June 24. Last evening intelligence came to the head-quar ters of the let Army at Grafenstein which told that at the same time as Prince Frederick Charles o f f i'russia was crossing the Bohemian frontier o Austria with his army the Austrians were preparing to cross the Silesian frontier of Prussia, and had yesterday forenoon pushed three columns into the country of Glatz. These columns advanced by three ,roads. That on the right by Alstadt on Wilhelms tal ; that of the centre by Grulich on Mittelwaide ; tha; - . of the left by Braunau on Wurschelburg. The cornroander of the first P russian army had calcu lated upon the possibility of an invasion of Silesia by the Austrians, where the second army is ready to meet thorn, and the news that they were in the Glatz district availed nothing to shake his resolve of pushing into Bohemia. On the contrary, it seemed to acclerate his motions, for he had in tended to halt to-day in the position of Grafenstein, but as soon as he heard of the Austrian advance aides-de-camp were despatched to the different divi sions with orders for them to march early this Thisafternoon the Thuringian regiment of Uhlans, who are much the same as the Lancers of our ser vice, took up outpost duty, and one squadron of them has had a skirmicih with some of Radetzky's Hussars. The Hussars were led by a staff. officer, who came too near the Prussian infantry picket, and the deadly needle-gun shot the first officer who has fallen a victim to this war. The Hussars and Ulalans mutually charged each other, and in the melee which ensued two Prussian officers and 17 men were wounded. The Austrian loss is not clearly ascertained. Two excellent institutions of the Prussian army have been quickly established and put in working order at every halting-place ; they are the Field Telegraph and the Field Post-office. As soon as it is determined where Head-Quarters are to be fixed for the night, the Field Telegraph division start off to the nearest permanent telegraph sta tion where the line can be fixed in working ord er ; from this starting point they carry a single line along the side of the shortest road to the Head-Quarter house, and generally by the time the chief of the staff arrives at his quarters he finds his telegraph ready, by which he can get informa tion or send his orders. The Field Post-office, to which I am indebted for being able to send my cor respondence to you since we crossed the frontier, is established also at Head -quarters, but has branch offices at the Head-quarters of each corps crarmee ; it carries the private letters of soldiers and officers, as well as official despatches, and sends out a mail nearly daily. This is a greater convenience than the Field Telegraph, but the latter is one of the neat est appliances of modern science to the art of war which it is possible to conceive. The whole of its apparatus is carried in two light waggons ; one con tains the batteries and needles, and is used as a small room in which the telegraphist works ; the second waggon carries the poles and wires, with the implements for puttingthem up. The wires are coiled round revolving discs, which are fitted in the wag gon, so that the wire can•be passed as the waggon gets along, or the disc can be transferred to a stretcher carried between two men, so that it may be laid off the road in places where it is desirable to cut off corners. The detachment who lay the lines are all instructed in repairing damage done to the permanent wires. When it is remembered that yes terday morning the Austrians were close up to the morning. It rained steadily all last night, and the morning brought with it no improvement in the weather, but the troops were in high spirits and appeared to care pothing for the wet. The army marched by three roads ; the left column by the way of Eisniedel on Reichenberg ; the centre by Kratzkau on the same town, while General von Bitterfeld came from the mountains which lie between this and Dresden, and moved upon Gabel. Some of the regiments halted here, and are billeted in the town for the night ; o,:hers were pushed through and took up positions in front. Many battalions have to bivouac this eveniDg ; but, although the ground is moist and damp from the incessant rain, the weather is warm, and the troops will not take much harm from their first night in the open air. The army is now drawn together and conceptrated round this town ; for Gen. von Bitterfeld at Gabel is only 12 miles to the left. Last night the Prussian advanced posts near Kratzkau could see the light of the Austrian bivouac fires, and this morning the Magdeburg Hussars who cleared the way for the arniy had a skirmish with some of nadetzky's Austrian Hussars. Shots were exchanged, two of the Prussians were wounded, and Ave of the Austrians are reported wounded, with two killed. A combat was expected at Reichenberg. Three Austrian cavalry regiments, Lichtenstein's Hussars, Radetzky's Hussars, and the Hussars of the Regiment of Hesse Cassel, were known to be in front of the Prussian advance, and it was anticipated that in the fine strategical position of Reichenberg the Austrians might stand to fight; for this town covers the junction of roads which leads over the mountains by Gabel, Grottau, Friedland, and from Hirschberg. But the Austrian cavalry retired through the town, and it was occupied about 10 o'clock by the Prussian advanced guard, and Prince Frederick Ci2arles is now on the south side of the mountains, an d commands the issues of the passes. The march to-day, although over a hill country, was not on a severe road, for the summit of the mountain chain dips so deeply into the gorge which forms the defile of Reichenberg, that the road through the pass both ascends and descends with a moderate gradient ; on either side of the way the mountains rise , high, but not steep, for the whole character of this range is more rounded and swelling than bold and sharp. As the army passed between the hills this morning the tops were shrouded in a dense mist, which occasionally lifted high enough to show the lower parts of the dense fir woods which clothe the upper mountain sides, but never to afford a glimpse of their summits. The rain fell heavily and without ceasing; it battered down the grain which grew in the fields by the way side, and filled the mountain watercourses with rushing mud-coloured streams; there was no wind to give it a slanting direction, and it came straight down on the men's helmets, only to roll off in large drops upon their backs and shoulders, but it did not seem to depress the spirits of the troops ; they stepped along very cheerily, marching as well as they did the first day they left their garrisons, and many of the soldiers said that they preferred the wet weather to heat. All along the line of march the commander of the army was loudly cheered. When Prince Frederick Charles reached the mar ket place of Reichenberg he halted to wait the arrival of the troops who had marched by the Friedland road. The town looked dull, for as it was Sunday the shops were all shut, and at first the Bohemians seemed inclined to remain in thcirhouses; but the bands of the marching regiments roused their curiosity, and they soon collected and lined the streets in dense crowds to see the troops go by. The soldiers who had arrived early and had been dismissed from their ranks joined in the crowd, and and a common language soon made them friends with the townspeople. Many tales are told of the dreadful devastation to which a country is subjected by the plunderers of an invading army. So far as the Prussian army has yet advanced into Bohemia the soldiers have treated the Austrians with the greatest kindness ; as in the British service, every thing that a soldier wishes to buy must be scrupu lously paid for, and there seems to be no desire among the men that it should be otherwise; in fact, the troops are much more plundered than plunder ers, for the cigar merchants and publichouse keepers are driving a most prosperous trade, and take very good care that they themselves do not suffer, for the soldiers are unaccustomed to Austrian currency, and have to pay in an equivalent of Prussian coin. Reichenberg was in the hands of the Austrians this morning, and was duly occupied by the Prus sians about 10 o'clock. Since that time nearly the whole army, attended by artillery and wag gons, has marched through the narrow winding streets of a town which to these artificial disadvan tages for free lacomotion adds the natural one of being built upon a steep hill ; still there has been no confusion in the marching columns, and although the troops had to move by different streets and were sometimes obliged to march in and out of the town by country lanes and narrow paths, no column took a false direction or made an unneces sary halt ; yet the Quartermaster-General von Stuhtnahl had only a few minutes allowed him in which he could arrange his plans. The column which had marched by the Friedland wall was brought through the marketplace and past the Commander-in -Chief. This corps is chiefly composed of men of the province of Brandenburg ; they are taller than the average of the Prussian infantry, but are not so thick or stout, and do not look so strong as the sturdy Pomeranians; but they have intelligent faces, and can readily be seen to be, as they are, men of an education superior to that which is usually found in • the ranks. The regi ment of the lat e King l ed ;the men bore his cip her on their shoulder cords, instead of a number. The whole corps ma rc h ed day and a long journey magnificently. Ater a wet closed Reichenberg with rank they came up the hill of parade, a step as on a holiday up, with as perfect along as if they could not kfnoeo;waenfadtiwguenet; which man carried were heavily encumbered, swingingyt tlley tells severely his knapsack, the weight of against a soldier's marching, and mightin plentiful, try where transport is apparently sonbe carried for him. After the late regiment came the 64th, Prince Frederick Charles's Own ; the faces of the soldiers showed that they recognised their colonel, and they went past him without cheering, for in the town the men marched as on parade, but with that appearance which is more pleasing to a soldier than any acclamations. The head-quarters have been established in the Schloss, or Castle of Reichenberg, another of the properties of Count Clam Gallas, who has thus twice been the involuntary host of Prince Frede rick Charles. Here a curious scene is afforded ; the castle stands on a hill, overlooks the pic turesque town, and commands a beautiful view of the plains and mountains beyond it. The side of this hill below the castle is covered with care fully tended turf and luxuriant shrubberies. The place looks fit yto be the quiet home of a coun try gentleman, but up and down its gravelled avenue chargers are b • emg led ready saddled for the aides frontier, and that at midday the Castle of Grafen stein, five miles from the nearest permanent station, was in direct telegraphic communication with Berlin some idea can be formed of the advantages which this apparatus gives to an army in the field. The Prussian army restores the railways as it goes. This afternoon railway communication was reopened for military purposes from this place to Berlin, so that with the telegraph for information, and the railway for rapid movements, this army may be concentrated on any point of the railway communication with an extraordinary rapidity. Sic'mow, June 26. The head-quarters of the Ist army halted at Reich enberg on the 25th to allow the cavalry that came by the Friedland road which had covered the march of the column to come in. During the day the out posts were pushed forward, but the Austrians were not felt. The road from Reichenberg to Turnau crosses a range of hills which separates the valley of the Upper Neisse from the country beyond, and drops down from this range by some sharp zigzags to the valley in which lies the village of Lie benau. This village is built on the banks of a stream, which forms a defile through a second range of hills lying between Liebenau and Turnau. This rivulet, in the part of its course above the vil lage of Liebenau, runs at right angles to the defile, and forms a valley between the two hills which lie north of Liebenau towards Reichenberg, and those which lie to the south towards Turnau. The rail way from Liebenau to Turnau passes through the defile formed by the stream which runs through the village ; but the road turns to the left and ascends the southern range, passing near the top between a steep cutting through racks. This cutting is about 100 yards in length, and here the road is only about 30 feet wide. The hills are on their side covered with thick plantations of fir trees ; but when the traveller leaving Liebenau has by the road gained the summit of the range which lies south of the vil lage he finds before him a wide plateau extending for about two miles in the direction of Turnau. This plateau was this morning covered with high-stand ing corps of wheat and barley, already whitening for the harvest. The road runs through the corn fields, and at the end of the plateau drops down by a gentle slope into the valley of the Iser. From the brow of this slope Turnau can be seen lying in the river towards the left front. The Schloss of Sichrow, standing on the very edge of the Liebenau defile, is directly on the right, and the view to the front is bounded by the fir-clad and fantastically rocky hills which form the Southern boundary of the valley of the Iser, while on the left the church of Gentscho witz stands raised on a knoll above the general plain, and looking down upon the orchards and cottages of the little hamlet which clusters round its foot. Between the bottom of the slope which falls from this flat plain into the valley of the Iser and about halfway between the foot of the hill and the river itself there runs a low range of hills having an elevation considerably inferior to that of the pla teau. On this lower range, immediately surrounded by orchards, but in the midst of a wide stretch ing corn land, lies the village of I)auby. Last night the Prussian advance posts were pushed for ward to the tops of the range of hills which bound the valley of Liebenau on the north. This morning Gen. von Horne, who with the Bth division held the outposts, had advanced early to occupy Liebe nau. As his advanced guard entered the village, the Austrian rearguard were discovered tearing up the pavement, in order to form a barricade across the narrow street through which the high road runs. On the approach of the advanced guard they re tired to the hill over which the road to Turnau passes south of the village. Here the Austrians took up position ; their artillery, placed on the brow of the hill, looked down upon the village of Liebenau, which Horne had just occupied, and their cavalry covered the guns. But they were not in force. They had no infantry, and their whole strength appeared to be only four regiments of cavalry, with two bat teries of horse artillery. Horne's division passed through the village, and began to ascend the hill, while Gen. von Haulm came down to Liebenau with the cavalry, and the field artillery took up a position on the hills which bound the Liebnau val ley on the north. Thus the guns of the Austrians were on the southern, those of the Prussians on the northern range which form the valley of Liebenau ; the valley between them is about 600 yards wide, and there seemed to be an opportunity for a smart combat. Down in Liebenau, between the opposed b a tt er ies, were the wings of Horne's divisions, and co l um ns were already issuing from the village, making their way along were getting among both the railway and the c h aussee , while theskirmishers that clothe the hill beside the the short spruce firs road. A little before 9 o'clock Prince Frederick Charles and his staff came upon the hill where the artillery a flash of fi re , w ith a heavy puff of white smoke on was placed. It was almost exactly 9 o'clock when the Austrian hill, showed that their artillery had Opened, and a rifle shell - came whistling over the heads of ll orne ' s division. The Pruss i an ar tillery answered, and f or a few minutes the hill s ec hoed with the no i se o the o ftheir while the smoke, • • dram.. but slowly on the lazy breeze, hid from sight opposite e ap g i u d n dischargestllough the quick reports and the whistling of the shells told that they were not idle. But the Prussian guns were too numerous, Horne's division was hill, and the A ustr i an artillery had dt pushing up the to retire. Then the - Prussian cavalry pushed forward iby the road, and in a short time eight fine cavalry regiments were formed on the no r th ern edge of theplateau. The Thuringian Uhlans, th e Uhl ans of the Prince of Ifulienlohe, and the dragoons of the Prince of de-camp, who are waiting to carry out the evening Mecklenburg were extended to the left, while the orders military train horses are being led to water, Brandenburg Hussars of Ziethen, conspicuous by soldiers,es ; in stable dress, are hurrying about, mounted their red uniform, were nearer the road. On the dragoons are in attendance as orderlies, and near right of the cavalry was the horse artillery, and the door of the castle stands the horse of the officer Prince Frederick Charles, himself a cavalry officer, of Uhlans, who has brought in the last report from was in the front. the outposts. The retreat of the Austrians could be traced by the broad paths trampled down in the corn, and every now and they they halted, their artillery came into action, and two or three rounds were fired at the forming lines. When Prince Frederick Charles had completed his dispositions he ordered the advance, and the troops pressed forward. The cavalry and artillery moved on the plateau, while Horne's in fantry, on the right, made for the Schloss of Sichrow and the woods around it. The cavalry pushed on quickly, and the guns moved well with it, but every now and then halted and came into action. The Austrians, inferior in numbers and already retiring, could not hope to stand against the force thus displayed, and they drew quickly over the plateau, making for the hills of Dauba. Three regiments of cavalry were launched after them and went dashing through the corn, but did not reach the retiring troops before the latter had quitted the plateau, and then the woods and broken ground on the side of the slopes impeded their progress. As soon as the Austrians gained the Dauba hills their artillery opened and poured shells briskly into the advancing lines, but the gliding motion of the advancing troops and the undulating ground deceived their aim, for only about 20 casualties oc curred. When the Prussian guns gained the southern brow of the plateau, they opened on the Austrian batteries ; a smart cannonade ensued, but the Austrians were ultimately silenced. Yet they did well, for they made good their retreat ; but had not the Prussian horse been detained by having to pass through the narrow street of Liebenau, the field artillery which to-day fired into the Prussian ranks would probably have gone as a trophy to Berlin. It is evident that the Austrian commander had not calculated on the rapid advance of General von Horne. His dispositions for the defence of the Liebe nau position were incomplete ; the street of Liebe nau was not rendered .impracticable, for the work men were disturbed by the Prussian advance guard, and in the cutting which the road leading from the village passes through at the top of the hill leading on to the plateau, although the trees which stood by the wayside had been cut down, they were not formed into abattis, nor was the cutting blocked by waggons or any barricade. The Austrians re treated across the Iser, and broke the bridges, but the Prussians after the combat occupied Turnau with two divisions, while the main body of the army bivouacked on the plateau, and one division occu pied Gablonz, which lies five miles to the north-east. The plateau that looks down on Liebenau has been sadly changed in the course of the day. The corn is trampled down by the feet of horses and the wheels of artillery ; dead horses are lying dotted here and there over the plain, while holes in the ground show where shells have struck and burst. But these marks are not frequent, for the Austrian shells often penetrated into the earth without bursting, and several have been dug out by the sol diers this afternoon ; nor was the practice of their artillery good. The Ziethen Hussars, whose red uniforms drew their fire, were at one time exposed to a heavy cannonade, but though above 50 shells struck the ground around them not one fell among their ranks, nor at that time had they a man touched. The result of to-day's combat is not overvalued in the Prussian army ; the officers on this side do not despise their enemy, and they fully recognise the fact that it was to superior numbers that the Austrians yielded to-day. They have great confi dence in their chief and in the needle gun and their rifled cannon, but they have no vain assurance. They know that the Austrian army is a good one, and they will omit nothing that their skill or science can suggest to let their troops meet it on the best of terms. HEAD-QUARTERS OF FIRST PRUSSIAN ARMY, SCHLOSS OF SICIIROW, June 27. The railway and high road which lead down the valley of the Iser from Turnau to Munchengratz run for a distance of about five miles from the former town on the north side of the river, but on reaching the village of Podoll cross to the south bank by two bridges, which are about 200 yards distant from each other, that of the railway being on the right, and that by which the road crosses on the left of a person looking towards Munchengratz. The rail way bridge is constructed of iron ; that which carries the road across the stream is made of wood, and lies on a level with the causeway which is raised on an embankment about ten feet above the fiat meadows lying alongside it. The Iser is at Podoll near upon 100 yards wide, and runs with a deep but fast stream between steep banks, which only rise about 4ft. above the level of the water. By the side of the road and on the banks of the stream grow large willow trees, planted at equal distances from each other, and about ten yards apart. Three roads lead from the plateau of Sichrow to the high road that runs down the valley of the Iser. That on the east a country road which leaves the plateau near the Schloss of Sichrow and joins the highway near the village of Swierzin, almost at an equal distance between Turnau and Podoll; in the centre the chaussee from Liebenau strikes into the high road halfway between Swierzin and Turnau, and the road from Gentschowitz on the west joins it close to this town. Yesterday evening Prince Frederick Charles threw a light pontoon bridge over the river a little below the broken bridge of Turnau, and occupied the town with a small force without opposition. Horne's division marched at the same time by the country road on the east, occupied the village of Swierzin, and pushed its advanced guard towards Podoll. The troops directed on this point consisted of two com panies of the 4th Jager battalion, the 2d and fusileer battalions of the 31st Regiment, and one battalion of the 71st. The Jagers, who were leading, got to within three-quarters of a mile of Podoll-bridge be fore they came into collision with Austrian out posts, but here they found the enemy, and a sharp action ensued, for the Austrians had six battalions in the village, and meant to hold the place and cover the passage of the river. It was about 8 o'clock, and the dusk of the even ing was rapidly closing in, when the Jagers first felt their enemy. On the right hand side of the road, about half a mile before the bridge, stands the first house of the village. It is a large square farm house, with windows without glass, but with heavy gratings. The Austrians had occupied it in force, and their outlying pickets, as they retired before the advancing Prussians, formed line across the road beside it. As soon as the Jagers came within sight the garrison of the farmhouse and the formed-up pickets opened a bitter fire upon them. From the grated windows and from the line of soldiers in the road there came one rapid volley, which told severely on the Prussian riflemen, but these went quickly to work, and had fired about three times before the Austrians, armed only with muzzle-load ing rifles, were able to reply. Then the noise of musketry rose high, occasionally swelling into a heavy roar, but sometimes falling off so that the ear could distinguish the separate reports. But this did not last. Major von Hagen, commanding the 2d battalion of the 31st, which was following the Jagers on the first sound of the firing, had put his troops into double quick time, and was soon up to reinforce the riflemen. It was now nearly dark, and the flashes of the rifles, the reports of the shots, and the shouts of the combatants were almost the only indication of the position of the troops ; yet it could be seen that the rapid fire of the needle-gun was telling on the Austrian line in the road, and the advancing troops of the Prussians showed that they were gaining ground. Then while the ex change of shots was still proceeding rapidly be tween the window-gratings of the farm-house and the Prdsian firing parties who had extended into a corn-field on the right of the high-way, there was supported h o a n d t ra h a e d r e o a a d d , a f s o h r a t n h d e Jagers, were a sudden pause in by ti t ie he fi 3 r l i e n t g , bearing the Austria ns back be y ond the farm houses of the village closed on to where the cottage where o wn willow trees as a barricade across the way Then thrown some hewn y. each side of the road, and the defenders had d Then the tumult of the fight increased. Dark- ness had completely closed in and the moon had not yet risen ; the Prussians pressed up to facings of Prussia and the white with light-blue of Austria lie side by side, but the numbers of the latter much preponderate, and on one part of the railway three Prussian corpses opposite 19 Austrian form a grisly trophy of the superiority of the needle gun. he barricade, the Austrians stoutly stood their ground behind it, and, three paces distant, assail ants and defenders poured their fire into each other's breasts. Little could be seen, though the flashes of the discharges cast a ',fitful light over the surging masses ; but in the pauses of the firing the voices of the officers were heard en couraging their men, and half-stifled shrieks or Close on 500 unwounded Austrian prisoners have this morning been marched up to head-quarters, and the Austrian loss in killed and wounded is very considerable. The Prussians have lost two officers dead, and seven or eight wounded. The medical officers have officially reported that the proportion of wounded Austrians to wounded Prussians is as five to one. Thus has the needle-gun told both on the battle-field and in the hospital. gurgling cries told that the bullets were truly aimed. This was too severe to endure. The Prussians, firing much more quickly, and in the narrow street, where neither side could show their whole strength, not feeling the inferiority of numbers, succeeded in tearing away the barricade, and slowly pressed their adversaries back along the village street. Yet the Austrians fought bravely, and their plans for the defence of houses had been skilfully though hastily made ; from every window muskets flashed out fire, and sent bullets into the thick ranks of the advancing Prussians, while on each balcony behind a wooden barricade Jagers crouched to take their deadly aim ; but in the street, the soldiers, huddled together and encumbered with clumsy ramrods, were unable to load with ease, and could return no adequate fire to that of the Prussians, while these, from the advantage of a better arm, poured their quick volleys into an almost defenceless crowd. As the battle in the street was pushed inch by inch towards the Iser, the Austrians, in every house which the foremost ranks of the Prussians passed, were cut off from their retreat, and were sooner or later made prisoners, for the houses of the village do not join on to each other, but are detached by spaces of a few yards, and there is no communica- tion from one house to the other except by the open street. The whole of the Prussian force was now up, and, extending between the houses which the first combatants passed by, cut off the escape of their garrisons, and exchanged shots with the defenders. With shrieks and shouts, amid the crashing of broken windows, the heavy sounds of falling beams, and the perpetual rattle of the fire-arms, the battle was heavily pressed down to the narrow street, and about half-past eleven the moon came up clear and full to show the Austrian rearmost ranks turning viciously to bar the Prussians from the bridge. The moonlight, reflected in the stream, told the assailants that they were near the object of their labour, and showed the Austrians that now or never the enemy must be hurled back. Both sides threw out skirmishers along the river bank, and the moon gave them light to direct their aim across the stream ; while on the first plank of the bridge the Austrians turned to bay, and the Prussians pausing some short paces from them, the combatants gazed at each other for a few moments. Then they began a fiercer fight than ever. The discharges were more frequent, and in the narrower way the bullets told with more severe effect. Herr Von Drygalski, leading the fusileer battalion of the 31st, a lieutenant-colonel of only two days' stand ing, went down with two bullets in his forehead, and a captain at his side was . shot in both legs ; many men fell, and the grey horse of a Prussian field-officer, with a ball in his heart, fell heavily against the wall, kicking amid the ranks, but he was soon quieted for ever, and at that moment men regarded but little such wounds as could be in flicted by an iron-shod hoof, even in the agonies of death. The Austrians stood gallantly, and made an attempt to set fire to the bridge ; but the diffe rence of their armament again told here ; and it is said that, galled by their hard fortune, they charged with the bayonet, but that the Prussians also took kindly to the steel, and this charge caused no change in the fortune of the fight ; certain it is that the defenders were ultimately obliged to retire across he bridge. To-day head-quarters have halted here. There has been no skirmishing ; the Austrians appear to be in full retreat, for while I write white smoke curling up from beyond some fir woods beside the Iser tells that the bridge of Mohelnitz, about five miles below Podoll, which they have set on fire to obstruct pursuit, is burning steadily. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—More than sixteen years have elapsed since a King of Prussia stood before a vast multi tude assembled before the palace at Berlin, when the people, who, like so many other people, had on that eventful year " conquered their King," took offence at the uncovered head of their Sovereign, and compelled him to do obeisance by the mur mured threat, " Down with the hat or down with the head." Only three days ago another Prussian monarch stood bareheaded before the same throng of his subjects, and, lifting high the brass helmet which is his crown in warlike times, told his people of the hard-won success of his armies in the field, hinted at the arduous efforts that would still be de- manded of them and of the nation, and called upon the Prussians to rally round the standards with " God for King and Fatherland." The King's words sprang from an impulse of genuine emotion. Moments of breathless anxiety have come for Prus sia and Germany, and the subjects of King William gave answer to the royal appeal with a burst of spontaneous acclamation. Prussia has seen rather hard ti▪ mes of late. A nation patient, loyal, sub missive to a fault, has been treated with harshness andindignity. The compact between the Sovereign and his subjects—that " sheet of written paper" which Frederick William IV. would never allow " to . stand between him and his people," but to which he, nevertheless, found it necessary to append his signature—has, indeed, been lately held of no more worth than mere waste paper, and the King and hi▪ s overbearing unscrupulous Minister have fol lowed no other rule of action save their own abso lute, irresponsible, iron will. Yet the leave-taking of that Monarch and that statesman from the Berlin people the other day bore all the marks of reciprocal regard, and even tenderness. The Prussians were deeply penetrated with the magni tude of the task William I. had taken upon himself, and, although the result of the elections proves their firm determination to fight out their constitutional battle against the Government with their wonted stubbornness, it is certain that they will never allow domestic embarrassments to para lyse the energy with which the State will now have to meet foreign complications. Whatever may come to pass after the close of the war, there is no doubt that the Government and the people of Prussia are at one for the present. " Count Bismarck," our Berlin correspondent informs us, " on leaving the Palace, became, like his Royal master, the object of a regular ovation, and Herr von.Roon, the Minister of War, had people shouting and hurrahing in front of his hotel all day long." We should by no means be surprised if this same Count Bismarck were soon to be a demigod not only in the eyes of the Prus sians, but of all patriotic Germans. However loud the outcry of all men may have been against the means against which that crafty and violent states man was compassing his end, it is impossible to deny that he was, and is, the only man in Germany who knows what he is about and what he wants. Nay, he is, perhaps, the only one who knows what everybody in Germany wants. There are " Unitarian" ten dencies at work among the German pe o p le, whi▪ ch would never have found an utterance among that undemonstrative and morally timid people, unless a man high in rank and power had taken the initiati▪ ve. The great scheme of the reconstitution of a German empire, which foundered in 1848, weighed down by the imbecility of the Frankfort Professors, has been all along the dream of every man in Germany. Since 1860, when the success of Italy re-awakened aspirations for national unity north of the Alps, German tenacity has taken up the question where 1840 had left it. It was German patriotism which stood up for that old cause of Schleswig-Holstein, which Austria and Prussia first turned to their joint advantage, and which Prussia will now turn to her own benefit. Count Bismarck is, indeed, a singular and rather forbidding type of a liberal patriot ; but all the unpopularity of Charles Albert between 1831 and 1846 did not prevent Piedmont being the focus of Italian aspirations from 1818 to 1859. What Piedmont was to Italy, Prussia, and Prussia alone, can be to Germany. This is a truth of which, theoretically, every man, north of the Main, at least, has been long convinced. The Germans, however, for good or for evil need a leader, and they could not have found one who went straighter to his goal or bent men's will more forcibly to his own. So far as the North of Germany is concerned, it is very evident that Prussia has now gained the victory over the people's mind no less than over their armies. Even where the Prussian Government is most strongly detested, the Prussian people are the object of sympathy, and Prussian troops are received with open arms. In Hanover, in Hesse, in Saxony the past is blotted out as thoroughly and rapidly as it was in Tuscany, Modena, or Parma in 1860. Kings and Electors are gone ; and, whatever may be the chances of war, they either will never come back or only on such terms as Prussia may dictate. There is no such frantic joy at Hanover, at Dresden, or Cassel as there was at Florence or Lucca, for the people in Germany are not demonst rati v e, and their Princes were not so unpopular as the Italian Bourbons and Austrian Estes. But the Germans are no less fain to merge their puny States into a great common Fatherland. Many might have pre ferred a Federal unity compatible with their local independence; but unity they must have—with their Princes, if practicable ; if not, without them. The warlike events now impending cannot greatly modify the conditions in which the northern di vision of the country has been lately placed. The battle which, after the junction of the two Prus sian armies consequent on the storming of Gitschin, may be expected every hour may decide whether Prussia's influence is to extend to the south as well as to the north of the Main ; but from this time there would be no great rashness in the assertion that the formation of a kingdom at least of Northern Germany has become a necessity. The latest news conveys ample confirmation of the anticipated junction of the Prussian armies, conse quent upon the occupation of Gitschin. For " strategical reasons," Marshal Benedek has been induced to execute one of those movements which have signalized the annals of the Austrian armies on more than one former occasion. He has fallen back on his strongholds, taking up a position be tween Josephstadt and Koniggratz. The Prussians, according to the Austrian accounts, are thoroughly exhausted by their own success, and some time may elapse before either army ventures on an action which may be decisive. All the forces of the two great military States are, however, now in presence ; and " important events," the Austrian telegram con cludes, "are expected within the next few days." HERALD.—Systematic slander is generally the ex treme resource of a bad cause on its last legs ; and the more violent and more extravagant the falsehood the more desperate is commonly the condition of those who utter it. Judged by this claim, Liberalism must be even in worse strains than we should have beeninclined to suppose; must be conscious of weak ness and decay beyond anything that has yet become apparent to the public ; for never was calumny so furious, so unscrupulous and so ridiculous in its disregard of notorious facts and common probability, as that which has recently been heaped upon the Conservatives. The example was set in the house of Commons, where Mr. Bright began the Reform con troversy by denouncing the opponents of the Ministry as enemies of the working class, and followed up the charge by a published letter in which he re viled them as " dirty conspirators." Mr. Bright has never been scrupulous in his employment of vituperative terms, which he selects with as little regard to propriety or applicability as a fourth form schoolboy shows in picking epithets from the Gradus for a copy of Latin verses ; but it is worthy of notice that the Liberal party made them selves tacitly responsible for his his language by the deference they paid to him, and by their total omission to rebuke or repudiate his violence. That there was no foundation for the attack will be plain to the silliest fellow that ever cheered in Trafalgar square or howled in Palace-yard, if he will take the trouble to recal the compliments which Mr. Bright, a few days afterwards, paid to the chief author of the " conspiracy" and the fact that the greatest boon which legislation has conferred on the work ing man during the present century—the Ten Hours' Factory Act—was carried by Conservative votes in the teeth of Mr. Bright's most strenuous opposition. Was this the act of enemies to the working class ? The question of free trade was an intricate one; there was room beforehand for the widest divergence of opinion as to its effect ; but While this combat was proceeding slowly along the street, another fight was carried on upon the railway almost with an equal progress, and with an almost similar result. A party of the Austrians fell back from the point where shots were first exchanged, and where the railway crosses the road, along the line. They were pushed by some Prassian detach ments, but neither side was here in strong force, and the principal fighting was done upon the road, but here, too, the needle-gun stowed its advantage over the old-fashioned weapons of the Austrians, for the latter fell in the proportion of six to one Prus sian. The railway bridge was not broken, but the lines were torn up by the retiring troops, and the line is now not passable by trains. The Prussians pushed over both bridges after the retreating Aus trians ; the latter threw a strong detachment into a large unfinished house, which stands by the chaussee, about a quarter of a mile beyond the bridge, and again made a stand, but not of long duration ; they had lost many killed, wounded, and prisoners ; many of their officers were dead or taken ; but they stood till they could gather in all the stragglers who had escaped from the houses of the village, and, harassed by the pursuing , Prussians, drew off sullenly by the main road to Munchengratz. Thus terminated a contest, which fought upon both sides with the greatest vigour and determination yet resulted in a clear victory for the Prussians, for when the last dropping shots ceased, about 4 o'clock this morning, there were no Austrian soldiers within three miles of Podoll-bridge, except the wounded and the taken. There was no artillery engaged on either side ; it was purely an infantry action, and the Prussians derived in it great advantage from the superiority of their arms over that of their opponents, not only in the rapidity, but in the direction of their fire, for a man with an arm on the nipple of which he has to place a cap naturally raises the muzzle in the air, and in the hurry and excitement of action often forgets to lower it, and only sends his bullet over the heads of the opposite ranks, while the soldier armed with a breech-loading musket keeps his muzzle down, and if in haste be fires it off without raising the butt to his shoulder, his shot still takes effect, th oug h o ft en low, and aproof of this is that very many o f t h e Austrian prisoners are wounded in the legs. The road to Podoll was this morning crowded with hospital waggons and ambulance cars bringing in wounded; every cottage in the way was converted into a temporary hospital, and the little village of Swierzin was entirely filled with stricken men. The sick bearers, one of the most useful corps which any army possesses, were at work from the very begin ning of the action. As the combatants passed on these noble-minded men, regardless of the bullets and careless of personal danger, removed with equal hand both friend and enemy who were left writhing on the road and carried them carefully to the rear, where the medical officers seemed to make no dis tinction in their care for both Austrian and Prus sian. Not only was it those whose special duty is the care of the wounded who alone were doing their best to ease the sufferings of those who had suffered in the combat ; soldier s no t on d u ty might be seen carrying water for P r i soners on both sides alike, and gladly affording a ny com fort which it was in their power to give to th ose w ho overnight hadbeen firing against their ow n h ear t s ! Nor is this won derful, for after the flash of the battle is over , and the din of the musketry has died away, the men of this army cannot forget that one common language links them to their adversaries, and that after all it is probably German blood which, flowing from an Austrian, trickles over the white livery of the House of Hapsburg. In the village the utmost disorder gave evidence of the severity of the contest. Austrian knapsacks, shakos, clothes, and arms were scattered about in wild confusion. De a d h orses lay in the ditches by the roadside. White c oa t s an d cloaks, which hadbeen thrown of in the hu rry o f the fight, lay scattered along the road; the trees which had formed the Aus trian barricade were still on the side of the street, and held many a bullet. The cottages had been ran sacked of their furniture, and their beams and roof trees had been torn down to form defences for the doors and windows ; while along the street and upon the banks of the river lay objects which in the distance look like bundles of untidy uniform, but which on nearer approach are seen to be the bodies of slain soldiers. Sometimes they lie in groups of twos or threes, twisted together as if they had gripped one another in their mortal agony, and sometimes single figures lie on their backs, staring with livid countenance and half closed hazy eyes straight up against the hot morning sun. The dark-blue uniform with red there could be none as to the benefits of a measure which would protect the women and children of the artisan class from overwork, and secure a proper education to the latter. It was distinctly a ques tion between the selfish apparent interests of capital and the obvious interests of labour, and the Conservatives took the . part of the labourer. This should have silenced for ever all slanders upon the Conservative party as indifferent or unfriendly to the artisan. But trusting that this had been for gotten, Mr. Gladstone was not ashamed to follow the example of Mr. Bright and to declare that the hostility of the Conservatives to his Reform Bill proceeded from their determination not to admit the elite of the working men to the franchise. Any working man who will take the trouble fairly and intelligently to examine the course of parliamentary debates and the arguments of our own leading ar ticles will become aware of the utter injustice of this imputation. He will find that the chief ground of Conservative antipathy to the bill was the gross un fairness shown towards the agricultural interest— the attempt to hand over the county constituencies to the urban population, and disfranchise alto gether, for all practical purposes, the eight and a half millions who depend upon the land for subsistence. As regards the working class he - will find that the Conservative arguments were chiefly directed to two points : first, that that class already formed one-fourth of the constituency, and that it was not desirable to double this proportion, and, secondly, that a bare reduction of the borough . . franchise would enfranchise not the elite of the ar- tisan class, but an indiscriminate mass of whom many would be ignorant, politically indifferent, de pendent, and corruptible. On either point there may be differences of opinion, but there can be no ground for accusingthe Conservatives of antagonism to the working class. And such an accusation can only have been made because truth would not serve the purpose ; because Mr. Bright and Mr. Glad stone felt that it was impossible to excite the ope ratives against the Conservative party, except by falsifying its conduct and misrepresenting its opinions ; that, if truly understood, that conduct and those opinions would render the party at least as popular as its antagonists. Out of doors, as might have been expected, the slander has been wilder, more brutal, and more extravagant. Ab stract imputations have been exchanged for concrete and definite charges, which could only be preferred in places where ignorance and passion had the field to themselves, which any educated audience, how ever heartily Liberal, would silence with an unani mous burst of indignant ridicule. Most of the accusers have been men silly enough to believe what they said ; too ignorant of men and things to perceive that they were talking nonsense. We can not make this excuse for Mr. Holyoake, who thought fit some time ago to state in print that Conservatives had an instinctive delight in the power of inflicting pain ; that a Tory was in virtue of his Toryism cruel and tyrannical. Mr. Holyoake knows better ; but it is probable enough that the Luckcrafts and Bradlaughs, the orators of Tra falgar-square and the fuglemen of Palace-yard, do not. It is quite possible that these poor fellows are serious when they say that a Conservative Government is likely to plunge England into war in order to divert attention from domestic politics, however difficult it may be for us to listen to them without, laughing. How are they to know, unles s their political friends and flatterers in high places will tell them, that Conservative statesmen are far too deeply sensible of the awful responsibility that attaches to the authors of a great war to be guilty of any such crime ? How are they to know, when Mr Gladstone accepts their homage, encourages their " demonstrations," and vouches for their respecta bility, that he dare not repeat in the House of Com mons the least absurd of their assertions, and that, if challenged, he would be obliged at once absolutely to disavow it and them? How are they to know, if their betters will not tell them, that of all living statesmen, Lord Stanley is about the least likely to engage England unnecessarily in continental quar rels ? They talk about Manchester massacres, and excite themselves with the imagination that Mr. Walpole may send a regiment of Dragoons to sweep the pavement of Trafalgar-square, and slaughter a score of Radicals at the base of the Nelson column. How are they to know better while the Morning Star reports their nonsense without a word of correction ? How are they to know that their meetings, hoot ings, and riotous proceedings are unlawful and cri minal, when they are tolerated and encouraged by their political friends, who are responsible for the peace of the country ? It is natural enough that they should try to break Lord Elcho's windows, and think themselves deprived of the immemorial liber ties of Englishmen because the police interfere to prevent them ; natural that they should block the street in front of the Carlton, and insult the gen tlemen who belong to that club ; for while they were on their way to commit these outrages they re ceived a flattering welcome from Mr. Gladstone's family, and two days afterwards they see in print a letter from Mr. Gladstone himself praising their respectable appearance and orderly demeanour, without one word of disapproval in regard to their insolent and ruffianly behaviour towards his oppo nents. We do not care to find fault with them ; we would only draw from their language and con duct the moral it affords—that an excitement against Conservatism can be got up, even among the lowest rabble of London, only by a series of false hoods so outrageous as to move the laughter of every educated man, however prejudiced or passionate. There is nothing in the real conduct or opinions of Conservatives with which the people—with which even an excitable mob of Reformers—could be in duced to be seriously angry ; so, in order to get up a demonstration, it is necessary to tell lies, and very preposterous lies into the bargain. In France the aristocrats were accused of eating liitle children and bathing in human blood, in order to excite the rabble to cut their throats ; in England the object is only to break their windows, or their heads, so that the charges are less atrocious in degree, but they are not one whit less unprincipled, false, and impossible. All this lying, however, is very useless. It may im pose upon a London mob, for the reason given by Dr. Newman in his lectures on the position of Eng - lish Catholics ; because in London opinions and parties are pure abstractions, with which the in habitants are not practically acquainted, and to which no personal associations are attached; but then London mobs cannot affect tne political result. It is possible to induce the silly and ignorant people assembled in Trafalgar-square to believe that Con servatism is a policy of war abroad and tyranny at home ; but then it is of no consequence what may be said or believed about the base of the Nelson column. The constituencies must decide between Conserva tives and Liberals ; and in the constituencies men are personally known. You will not persuade the people of King's Lynn that Lord Stanl e y w ill pl unge the country into war in order to get rid of Reform ; or the people of Liverpool that Mr. Horsfall and Mr. Graves would support him in such policy. You will not persuade the farmers, who for generations have lived under an old Tory family, that their landlord delights in the power of inflicting suffering ; as easily would Mr. Holyoake persuade them to em brace his theological creed. You will not persuade the factory hands who know their master and his rivals, that a Conservative millowner is a worse friend to the operatives than his Radical neighbour. And—if 1852 and 1858 are already forgotten—a very short experience of Conservative rule will suffice to convince the nation that it is quite as pacific and quite as favourable to freedom as that of Lord Russell—even though Lord Stanley may not write secret notes to stir up war while his pub lic despatches counsel peace, and though Mr Walpole may not encourage a mob to frighten Lord Russell's horse with their hootings, or break the windows in Carlton-gardens. [ADVERTISEMENT.] - Holloway's Pills. Liver Com plaints and Disorders of the Bowels.—lt is impossible to exaggerate the extraordinary virtue of this medicine in the treatment of all affections of the liver or irregularities of the bowels. In cases of depraved or superabundant bile these pills, taken freely, have never been known to fail. In liver complaints they are equally effiacious ; but they should then be taken rather more sparingly, for •Very medicine in the form of an aperient requires caution when the bowels are disordered, though a gentler or more genial aperient than these pills, in moderate doses, has never yet been discovered. If taken according to the printed in structions they not only cure the complaint but improve the whole system. ADVERTISEMENT.). -Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health- Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which yields three times the nourishment of the best meat, saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, and invariably restores perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, Be. freshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the moet disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,060 Cures :—Cure No, 58,216, or the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven years' liver complaint, wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad diges tion, constant sleeplessness, and the most intolerable nervout. agitation.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies. Lord Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly."—Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lung 4, spitting of blood, liver derange ment, and partial dealness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas, T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi dity of the liver, which had resistel all medical treatment.' In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 4s 6d; 51b, 11s; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Phillips, tea dealers, 8, King William-street ; likewise at GI, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand; 54, Upper Baker-street; 103, Tottenham-court-road; 96, Upper-street, Islington, N.; Harvey, Notting-hill; Close Brothers, 65, High-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's-wood. London; and all respectable grocers and che. mists.—Beware of spurious imitations. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 3, 1866 COUNTRY MARKETS. CHELMSFORD-JUNE 29. Hero to-day there was a steady trade for wheat at about previous rates. Prices of spring corn were generally well supported. Wheat, old white....sos 60s new -.45s 59s old red 4is 55s new. 44s 54s Barley... 2ss 33s Chevalier s —s Grinding 25s 34s Malt sBs 60s Chevalier 60s 62 Oats ... 2)s 26s Peas, Partridge 36s 39s White ..29s 34s Boiling ........378 419 Dun ...36s 40s dit , o, new....--s Beans, Tick, old ......35s 40s new. ...3.5s 39s Harrow I icks.3Bs 428 new....36s 40s Mazagan 34s '.Bs GRANT lIAM—JuNE 30. A moderate show of wheat. Trade flat, at quito recent currencies. Other kinds of grain were very limited, and last week's prices fully supported. Old white wheat, 56s to 635; old red,'s3s to 58s ; new white, 52s to 56s ; new red, 47s to 52s per 36 stone. Bar ley for malting, 36s to 42s per qr. ; grinding, 30s to 33s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 30s to 32s ; new, 25s to 30s per 21 stone. Beans, old, 48s to 51s; now, 44s to 46s per 38 stone. Peas, 36s to 40s per 36 stone. NORTHAMPTON-JuNE 30. With a somewhat limited supply, wheat was disposed of at rates quite equalling those of the week previous. Very little doing in barley. A fair inquiry for oats at last weeks' rates. Beans in request, and sold at remunerative rates. Since the recent rains the crops have made good progress. New white wheat, 56s to 60s ; new red, 54s to 58s ; old white, 56s to 60s ; old red, Ms to 58s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, —s to —s per qr. ; grinding, 30s to 35s per 30 stone. Oats, old, 30s to 34s ; new, 26slito 34s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 46s to 50s ; new, 42s to 45s per 38 stone. Peas, 36s to 40s per 36 stone. COLCHESTER-Jma 30. There was a very good supply of wheat at market to day, but no advance was made on the prices of last week. Beans, peas, and oats continue scarce, and quotations are unaltered. Wheat, white 58s 63s Beans, 111azagan......40s 41 red sis t6s Middle and 5ma11..42a 486 Barley ... 34s 43s Peas, white 38s 42s Oats ..... —s s grey ...36s 42s ABERDEEN—Jim 29. Little doing in the market to-day, but prices for oats again improved. White wheat 40s Od to 45s 01. 621 b 10 bushel. Red wheat 40s Od to 45 s Od Potato oats 25s Od to 25s Gdf 40/b ill bushel. Common oats 24s Od to 24 s 6d Bere 30s Od to 31s Od} 531 b ? bushel. Barley 32s Od to 32s Gd Oatmeal 19s 6d to 20s Od ? boll of 280th Flour, fine 36s Od to 37s Od 11 sack of 280th. KIRKCALDY—Juror 30. Moderate supplies of all kinds of grain. Sales slow at ;he prices of last week. Wheat. Barley. Oats. 50s Od ' 3is Od 3os 6d second 51.8 Od I 36s 6d 32s Od Third s3s Od 33s Od 33s Od COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. Walls End Haswell 19 6 Heugh Hall lB 6 Walls End Hetton 19 6 Tunstall Hartlepool Kepier Grange l7 9 Ships at market, 33 ; sold, 28. e. d. Trimdon Grange l7 0 Caradoc l9 0 Eden Main Hetton Lyons ... South Hetton Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southamptoa July 20. Ditto, via Marseilles July 14. Brazil and Cape Verde, by British packet. ..... July 4. Ditto, by French packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena July 22. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Sou thampton July 3. Ditto, via Marseilles Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton June 27. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton July 3. Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. June 27. Ditto, via Marseilles July 7. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton July 3. Ditto, via Marseilles June 27. Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles, July 7. Newfoundland Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon. .. United states and British North America, by Bri tish packet .. Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp- ton Ditto, rift Cork Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry ..July 6. West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and l'eneriffe ....July 11. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas and Honduras) July 14 Cuba ..nd Mexico July 30. Bahamas, via New ) or a. July 26. Bermuda, via Halifax .July 1. On the surrender of Lee the American Govern ment came into possession of 30,000 muskets of British manufacture. These were sold to a specu lator, and have recently been purchased by the Canadian authorities at double their original cost. The United States Treasury Department has been informed by an official at Frankfort-on-the- Maine that the number of American Five-twenty bonds which the disturbances on the Continent will return on its hands will amount to 75,000,000 dol lars worth. MARRIAGE OF EMINENTPERSONS.—" People about to marry," who wish to know the proper age, are referred to the following precedents :—" Adam and Eve, 0 ; Shakspere, 18; Ben Johnson, 21; Franklin, 24; Mozart, 25 ; Dante, Kepler, Fuller, Johnson, Burke, Scott, 26 ; Tycho Brahe, Byron, Washington, and Bonaparte, 27 ; Penn and Sterne, 28; Linnaeus and Nelson, 29 ; Burns, 30; Chaucer, Ilogarth, and Peel, 32 ; Wordsworth and Davy, 33 ; Aristotle, 36 ; Sir William Jones and Wellington, 37 ; Wilberforce, 38 ; Luther, 42 ; Addison, 44 ; Wesley and Young, 47; Swift, 49 ; Buffon, 55 ; Old Parr, last time, 120. If Adam and Eve married before they were a year old, and the veteran Parr buckled with a widow at 120, bachelors and spinsters may wed at any age they like, and find shelter under great names for either early or late marriages. " IT'S AN ILL WIND THAT BLOWS NOBODY GOOD.' ? —I called and spent a night with an old acquaintance that I had not seen for many years. Ho was a sexton and dug graves for those who died in the village. It was a sea port, and the oldest son of my friend was a sail maker, while th e youngest son kept a small harness shop, mainly for the purpose of accommodating a few farmers who traded at tho village. In the course of the evening I inquired how the world had used my old acquaintance and whether ho managed to make the two ends meet. " It's hard work," he said, "the 4 Yard' has been doing nothing almost all summer. I never knew of a healthier season. it would seem as if no more were ever going to die. But then," he added, "we rule along in hopes of better times." The sail maker remarked, " All kinds of business is dull ; I have not had much over half work for a month, but I'm in hopes the heavy blow of the last two or three days will send in a few torn sails." Just at this moment the harness maker came in and told his father that farmer Stubb's horse had run away and smashed the harness all to pieces. " That's a job for you," said the old man with something like glee, and added—" Have you heard whether Squire Anderson is likely to live ?" "It is thought," replied the son, "that he cannot live beyond a day or two." " said the father, " I suppose we must all die sometimes. The Squire has got a nice burial lot ; only it's a little hard digging; but his folks won't mind paying a little extra." I only stayed one night with this amiable family. I left by the first train in the morning deeply impressed with the sentiment of the old saw, " It's an ill wind," TRAMP. Births. BURKE—On the Ist inst., in Dublin, Lady Burke, the wif° of Sir Bernard Burke, LL.D., of a son. DIXON—On the Ist inst., at Thornton Lodge, Wimbledon, the wife of Albert Dixon, Esq., of a daughter. LEA—On the 30th ult., at Colchester, the wife of Captain Lea, 16th Regiment, of a daughter. SMITH—On the Ist inst., at 3, Eaton-place, the wife of W., J. B. Smith, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a daughter. Marriages. COOK—ROBINS—On the 30th ult., at the parish church.; Hampstead, Henry Cook, Esq., of Exmouth, Devon, to Jano Elizabeth, youngest daughter of J. Robins, Esq., o f Bolton-road, St. John's-wood. MARTIN—MUDGE—On the 30th ult., at the parish churcb , Lewisham, Robert Martin, Esq., of Cambridge Villa! Sydonham-road, Croydon, to Jane Isabella, oacona daughter of the late Capt. Win. Mudge, R.N. F.R.A.S•' and granddaughter of the late Gen. Mudge, R.A. Deaths. Born—On the Ist inst., at 5, Vicarage -gardens, Campdell" hill, Kensington, Miss Emma Boyd. CURLING—On the 30th ult., at his residence, Denmark' hill, Alex. Curling, Esq., aged 80. CROWDY—On tho 30th ult., at Reading, R. W. Crow( l s s Esq., of Faringdon, aged 79. CURLING—On the Ist inst., Joseph Curling, Esq., Herne" hill, aged 67. CRoox—On the Ist inst., a t The Five Houses, Claptolit Wm. J. Crook, E sq., age d 65 . GRAY —On th o 30 t h ult., at King's-parade, Chelsea, John Gray, Esq., age d 5 8. PERKINS -On the 30th ult., at Garnaut, Carmarthensbiro Rich. Perkin s , E sq ., age d 66. SLATER — On the 29th Juno, Henrietta Vane Slater, of St - John's- gar d ens , N o tting-hill, fifth daughter of the lat e John and Elizabeth Slater, formerly of Hall-place, st' John's-wood. Friends will kindly accept this intimation . WALKER—On the Ist inst., at 40, Pall-mall, Samuel G. Walker, Esq., aged 74. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS' of No. 112, Strand, Pi inter. at Tar, SUN othao, No. 1 12 ', Strand, in the Precinct of: the Savoy, i n the County °‘ Kiddlesez—Tuesday, July 3, 1863.