The Sun. — London, England, 1848-12-21 00:00:00

... 7 - ;--, -- ".". ' . . . - _ • - .. . '''. - .7 - 5 • ' ' j 9)111.1--es -C/6"19/ie:9 4. , • . . .. , • ':'•.-..,..; , ,t - } . • ' * • 77 .i.. ' - ----- - " r----, , 1 . A-4. ..,- 7 .. ~....,,..: 0.4. 4 , e 1 •1 ,1 cti _4- , ,,k5. • //e ' d "'" i ', IT f;, - I , ' .., , ,,i .. Vl 3 , .at I - , ir f i. ..„. 4 ',.. 4i ti .,:. r ... ~ ' . >,...,k :.- -- 4 : ''''. - i. ..''\ '' ,--• ....-:, ' C• , -: - 4 A ' 4,-... 4Th i , ~,• ~.. _ . . 1.--.. •rV ,- . x , ' ' ,k ,- ,t ., `, .4, - • 4 " -- ' ,,, it•,..,-4,-. •=.: ~:--!"- •• . = ~.,--• '47. 4 .-- 7 e --,,, . -- f\wifek- - ...t/-.-c-. 0 a ..... ~ , ,,4 , -- . : ( ...."4 ,44 • 1 1 , 't ~-) 4 /I • '"V id ir: • .:,,,, , 1 -;,.4''',...0.%7,.-4- tk ,-, 1-, I if - V i '' ' a.e..... 4 .3.,,A,,,.-__:•.::,„ -t,.. i: - ,- v• . 1 ......., :a u , , - : . • ~., .- •6 5 ' 1 lir r: aai..X. 4 ...,...- - t . ' 4P- • , ' C'• . - '',. ~i..* .., -. '",• ------ Nf 1 It ; ',4 -1 / 2 * . ites i , t -.7,,, , - ------....1521! 0-. .. ' ~ ..I, ** . ir . • 4 1 , /-•, •-•' - 2t: - + ,4Ll.•'—s.. . Z 4 G . . . . • —. nglis itions ASSUARANCZ AGAINST LOSS OP LIFE BY RAILWAY TRAVELLING. 31- ETROPOLITAN COUNTIES and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 27, REGENT-STHEET, WATERLOO-PLACE, LON ON. and arcely id wit gh of cl►ne. wheat as of -6d INCORPORATED PC_ISUANT TO ♦CT OF PARLIAMENT. At the pres nt day, waeii Railway t: rvelling bas become almost universal, protectirn against the pecuniary loss to which the families of sufferers fborn the accidents incidental to it are exposed, is one of the requirements of the a:,e. To rr cet thi, general feeling, this Society affards to all persons, of whatever class, travelling by Railw,ty in Great Britain and Ireland, the opportunity of inswing against loss of life by accident whilst so travelling, at the moderate premium of 10s. per cent., is one single payment, fer the wrille period of his, thereby rendering unnecessary the payment of Annual Premiums, as in ordinary Life Assurance. EXAMPLE.—A person may by one single payment of 51. assure to his family or others the sum of 1,0001., to be paid in the event of his osing his life by rallwa) travelling in Great Britain or Ireland. F. FERGUSON CAMEO OX, Manager. *** Prospectuses and Forms of Proposal, and all information may be obtained personally, or on application by letter, addressed to the Manager, at the Offices of the Society, No. 27, Regent-street, Water loo-place, London, or of any of the Local agents. B RITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COM PANT. 1, Princes-street, Bank, London. Erapowered by special Act of Parliament, 4th Viet., cap. 9. Capital—ONE MILLION. ADVANTAGES OF THIS INSTITUTION. MUTUAL ASSURANCE BRANCH. Complete security afforded to the Assured by means of an ample subscribed capital, and the large fund accumulated from the pre miums on upwards of 8,000 policies. Half the amount only of the annual premium required during the first five years, the remaining half premiums being paid out of the profits, which, after flue years, will be annually divided among the Assured. PROPRIETARY ISRANCR. The lowest rates consistent with security to the Assured. An increasing scale of premiums, peculiarly adapted to cases where assurances are effected for the purpose of securing loans or debts. Half-credit rates of premium, whereby credit is given for half the amount of premium for seven years, to be then paid off, or remain a charge upon the policy, at the option of the holder. EXTRACTS FROM THE TABLES. Amtaal Premiums required for as Assurance of 1001. for the whole Term of Life. PETER MORRISON, Resident Director. TO all Agents, - Solicitors, Auctioneers, and Surveyors, liberal al• lowances is made. By order of the Directors, THOMAS PRICE, Secretary. N ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSU RANCE SOCIETY, 26, CORN HILL, LONDON . . Notice is hereby given, that the HALF-YEARLY INTEREST on the CAPITAL STOCK of this SOCIETY, at the rate of 5 per Cent. per Annum, due on the 31st inst., together with the BONUS thereon declared at the Annual Nfee'ing in May last, will beco e PAYABLE on the 10th JANUARY next, and Proprietors may receive the same at this Office, on that or any subsequent day, between the hours of Eleven and Three o'clock. By order of the Court of Directors, W. S. B. WOOLHOUSE, Actuary. N ATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND. 112, BISHOPSGATE-STREET. London, December 19, 1848. The Directors of tly, National Provincial Bank of England hereby give notice, that a H .kLF-YEARLY DIVIDEND, at the rate of Six per Cent. per annum, will be PAYABLE on the Company's Stock, on and after the 19th of January next, when the Dividend Warrants Will be obtained at the the Company's Office, 112, Bishopsgate-street, or at the different branches. The Transfer Books will be Closed on and after Wednesday next, the 27th instant, until the Dividend be comes payable. By order of the Court of Directors, DANIEL ROBERTSON, Manager. TTANWELL CHURCH WAFERS. 11 hat's in the wafers ? Use them, and you'll find Hanwell Church a monument. Zeal and faithfulness episcopally rewarded. A Curate's courtesy episcopally acknowledged. An episcopal subter fuge. C. J. London's law, justice, and equity. Clerical opini , ns thereon. Lay opinion. Mr. Sinclair, not the Archdeacon of Mid dlesex. Public opinion, Bishop's Patronage, legislative interference. sold Wholesale and Retail by G. Meek, 2, Crane-court, Fleet-street, in Boxes, 4d., 6d., and Is. each ; and by all stationers. PAINTING WITHOUT SMELL ; a fact ac compli-hed by the use of the newly discovered SWEET OIL *f TURPENTINE, instead of the deadly abomination called oil or sPirits of turpentine. taint mixed with it is free from smell, is im- Proved in brilliancy of colour, and the baneful properties of the lead being neutralized, does not emit those noxious exhalations which have hitherto been so universally• as<ociated with painting. By this really valuable discovery house painting is now converted into a sa nitary operation, that may be effected at any sea on of the year, being productive of health and comfort, without causing the slightest derangement to the domestic economy. Sold by the gallon, cwt., or ton, by every respectable oilman in the kingdom, and at the depot, I, Beam's-buildings, Chancery-lane, Where may be seen, and copies had of, the originial certificate of Dr. -WeLeenior, member of the College of Chemistry. Sold also In bottles, 2s. each, bottles included. FOUGERE'S CELEBRATED OVERCOATS'. "Mr. Foogere, of 6, Conduit-street, Tailor to his Royal Highness Prince Albert, and the successful patentee of the celebrated WELLING- ToN SurrouT(now worn by almost every nobleman and gentleman in the kingdom, and suitable for every season of the year), has again Provided for the comfort of the public, having just introduced ano ther new coat for winter, called ' the ROYAL SIBERIAN OVERCOAT,' 'ffilich although perfectly porous, will resist twenty-four hours' in cessant rain, and while as light as a cork, is warm, pliant, and com fortable as fur. Although richly trimmed, so as to be suitable to first-class wearers, the price is only Fifty Shillings. We heartily wish Fougere the success which his ingenuity and enterprise merit." " - ]f•rning Chronicle. Every Genuine Coat is Stamped JAMES FOITGERE, 6, Conduit-street, Regent-street, and 1, .. Buckiersbury, Cheapside, London. Country Agents Wanted. A CHRISTMAS SKETCH. I lave to notice, at a time like this, The bustle of the great metropolis A thousand indications meet the eye, As glad December's holiday draws nigh. A pleasing animation we may trace In every part of every market-place. Nor can we find a spot but what is rife With animal and vegetable life. In every branch of business we discern A token of the holiday's return : In poulterers' shops the birds of various feather In goodly groups are hung and packed together ; While butchers with their tempting fat supply Give double boldness to their " What d'ye buy ?" Grocers in "greens," and those in " green and black," Amid this stir are never found to lack. The stationers, as Christmas-time draws nigh, New books display, attra five to the eye; And every railway station Is a scene, Which proves that Christmas soon will intervene. " What next," cry Messrs. MOSES, "will you thus Conclude your sketch. without a word for US." Nay, Messrs. MORES, don't imagine that ! 'Tis you alone that I've been aiming at. At such a time as this, I can't do less, Than eulogise your matchless CHRISTMAS DRESS. MOSES and SON. believe me. , .when I say, I highly value your superb display. You seem determined, with your rare attire, To pay due honour to the " good old sire." Such Trousers. Coats, and Vests, I never saw I cease to wonder at the crowds you draw. Yours Is the . Warehouse, I am sure of that, At which to buy a splendid CHRISTMAS HAT. MOSES and SON, I must conress I wonder, Such Hats are sold at prices so much under. Yon seem resolved that we shall never lope In Christmas Hats, or CHRISTMAS BOOTS AND SHOES. My last new Wellingtons I bought of you, And better Boots I never wish to view ; Stylish, and firm in make, and soft to touch, I must confess that I admire them much; Nor do I, MOSES, feel the least demur, In complimenting thus your • PHRISTMAS FUR. Well may the ladles to your Warehouse flock, And make selections from your varied stock ; .And well may judging buyers daily see The value of your CHRISTMAS HOSIERY. I trust that Christmas, Eighteen Forty eight Will make the number of your patrons great ; For in the quality of your display, And is: your moderate price. yeti seem to say— " All may be well prepared for Christmas Day." e l s MOSES and SON beg to call the attention of Emigrants to „n r low lists ef outfits, commencing (including every necessary) at iffier if required. The list can be had on application, or sent E. MOSES e „ and SON invite especial attention to their Shooting t' Which possess a p e c u li ar cu t an d s tyl e , a ddi ng muc h comfort he it, E. M. and S. are convinced they will be mu c h a pp rove d the Public. She °ting Coats, in a variety of materials from Bs. 6d. to 215. `. 4 Dentin, or Elastic Coat, from • •••• .• 17s. Od. to 325. LIST OF PRICES. READY WADE. Autumn and Winter Coats, In all the new styles.. from £0 9 6 eit elterfield and Codrington's, and every description ii„: lo var-csats handsomely trimmed •• •• • • ••••• • • 1 8 0 ---* Prender.,;. ...........• •• • •••• •. • 00000 •••• 015 0 11111 Wer . •• D'or oay .".:::• '' • • '' ' . .... 1 6 0 6 . 11 " 1,2 8 Coats.... •• • • .••••.••.••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 8 6 D...anima and White , : Trousers .. • • .... • • .... • • ...... 0 4 6 oeskin ditto .. ••• • • • •••• • • • • ••• • .. 0 12 6 ~,•euttunin and Wini • er •; i • e • s • ts — ........ •• . .. ...... 0 2 0 uress data .. . .... .......... 1 0 0 Proc.._ k do. .... :: :: :::::: • • .. •.: :. :: :: .... .. ...... .. 1 4 0 ' .3l ' Hussar and Timis iu1t‘...................... 0 16 6 WADE TO WEABIIII. i n"."---n eil cle al t ld h Coat Win tit Wi nter Coats , in all . t . h . e . ae . w .. e . s . t . s . ty . !e . ro ii . 4 0 1 6 9 O e 2 2 0 ilswe ed Trousers . ". •• • • •• • • Tweed Wrappers ••••••••••••' • • • ** • • • • • • • 018 ( dew Patent Trousers in all the approved styles .... .. 016 , 114eskin T • abusers • 1 2 .._ Iteat. sr Dress— . ..... .................. • . • .... 1 6 -Dress Coats ........... • 112 teat qu a li ty ••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• . 2 15 Frock de, - i 15 • • • /lest quality 3 3 Cassiinere Test . . .. . 0 8 • • , 13 ,atin• Plain or Fa y . • • .... 0 12 klasssz and Tunis n ' c. • • • • • • • • • . .. • • • • • • • • • • M ourning to any extent at Five Minutes notice. 11— le nt Stock of A Suit of Cl ot h es complete for 11. les. IT •E. MOSES and SON invite especial attention to their pre juvenile attire. The designs are elegant and unique, and th e workmanship and materials are suck as to command univer dera te ua llPPreb atien, while at th e same ti me t h e pr i ces are unusually mo . _ 2tetice—A :few D e p ar t ment for the 'ale of Parasols and Chil Iren 's Dresses has been opened at 157, Minorles. .., E. MOSE S and SON, Tailors, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, Hatt ers , 3?!ern, Furriers, Boot and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters. for Zr . nlps and Gentlemen, 154, 155, 156, and 157 Mlnories. and KA, 0 ab, and 86 A.l4gate, City, London. aux bilrre•--AnY article purchased, ready made, or made to mea t. n In eney re otturned. a PP r oved of, *ill be exchanged, or if preferred, the Nbi l izitt _ 94 . — E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the ilk a gainst Impostors, but kave learned that the untradesmst 2. e falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern, _ llll been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons. /QV have so connexion with any other house in or out of London: lad these who desire genuine and chess clothing. Acc., K send to. dories and Ild ga t e , Ci ty, London. should call at. letl4llsttun•--No husines, transacted at this establishment from snr ig 1?...4.4.. .'" ,4 7 till sunset Sat ur d ay, when businca is resumed till twelve VOck, 11111TTI7AL ASSURANCE BRANCH. PROPRIETARY BRANCH. ... Half Pre- Whole Pre- H alf Pre- Whole Pre- Age. mium, first mium, after Age. mium, first mium aftor Ave years. ' five years. seven years. seven years. ---- - -- .£ s. . Z s. d. X s. d. £ s. d. 20 10 0 20 0 20 018 0' 116 0 25 1 2 2 24 4 25 019 T 119 2 30 1 4'l 29 10 30 1 1 9 23 6 3.5 1 il 6 217 0 35 1 411 29 10 40 113 3 36 6 40 1 9 2 218 4 45 119 6 1 319 0 45 11 4 10 39 8 50 27 9 415 6 50 I 22 6 4S 0 55 218 10 517 8 55 I 212 9 55 6 T HE GENERAL LIFE AND ASSUR ANCE COMPANY. Established 1837. Zinpowerect by Special Acts of Parliament, 3d Vic., Cap. 20, and 10 Vic., Cap. 1. 1131, ring William-street, London; and 21, St. David-street, Edinburgh. Capital, One Million. DIRECTORS. George Bousfleld, Esq. Charles llindley, Esq , M.P. Thomas Challis, Esq. and Ald. Thomas Piper, Esq. Jacob George Cope, Esq. Thomas B. Simpson, Esq. John Dixon, Esq. Hon. C. P. Villiers, M.P. Joseph Fletcher, Esq. John Wilks, Esq. Richard Hollier, Esq. Edward Wilson, Esq. The CHRISTMAS Fire renewal receipts are now ready, and may be had on application at the Head Offices of the Company, or •f any of its Agents throughout the country. In the Life Department the Company transacts all business re lating to Life Assurances, Deferred Annuities, or Family Endow ■aents, upon the most liberal terms consistent with sound principles and public security. grain all ar ) of Is y thiw rninp,', The slacks Theo. A R R I A M One half the wend are desolately single, and the other 4upposiag them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a 'ense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em e:tter the latter. Tho solitary one may shield himself under the plea of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret nn xneeprosing hurry; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity, and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness snd social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set tlement. Honour and Justice demand that health should form as item 'n the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er eeglect wound more sorely than ',evet ty or misfortune. Reader, if .here surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little ol EMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 2 vols., Is. :ech (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hiedered oy inieinterpretatier, of their supposed contents, from obtaining 'hem. They are not interded certainly for mere idle curiosity, but or the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom t"•sy are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or , ogether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other ittle publications claim your attention (same price Is. each, by post Is. 6d.) celled " What to Eat, Drink, and Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely , mphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's life, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he would he done unto—to live atter nature's laws—and to keep always in the "sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of , herwood, 23, Paterncster-row ; Carvaiho, 147, Fleet•street • Mann, '9, Cornhill ; Nelson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other eese) from the author (who may he conferred with personally, mornings and cvenines). 10. Reenn ,, teeet end Illustrated by 2t; Anatomical Coloured togravtngi oil Steel. le PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS,- GENERATIVE INCAPA CITY, 4 NOIWPEDIMENTg TO MARRIAGE. ew ditto's, enlarged to 19R pages. Just published, price 2s. lid., or sost, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps. ri F., SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work OD the infirmities and decay or the generative system, from ex essive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury, :ith remarks on Marriage, end the means of - obviating certain dis oalifications. illustrated by 26 Colonre4 Engravings. Hy R. and PERRY and CO., Consulting Sargeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox ford-street, London. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; .4tarie. 23 Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden hall-vtreet. PART T. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive organs, and Is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings. PaaT IT. treats of the consequences resulting from excestilvelndul once, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative Incapacity. illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings. PART Tll. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in the primary or secondary form, and esintains explicit directions for their treatment. This section is illustrated '.)3 , Seventeen Coloured Engravings. Pear IV. contains a Prescrlpt!on for the Prevention of Disease by a simple app ication, by which the danger of Infection Is ob viated. This important part of the Work should not escape the eader's notice. ?AZT V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, aad its luta. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired inLo. TaxCoantat. Balm OF STRIACIIII is exclusively employed in treat rag nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 11 s. and 335. per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, as anti-syphilitic remedy, for purifying the blood In cases of infection, secondary symp toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, I Is. and 335. per bottle, Perry'v Purifying Specific Pills, 'As. 91., 4s. 6d., and I is. per bom, a aertair remedy for zonorrhcea, gleet, stricture, and chronic inflamma ton of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by late-. I/. A minute retail of the case Is required : age, habits, and position in society. Si. Packets, with advice, to be tuo at the EVablighment Inly, by which the fee,' 1., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in atten dance daily at 19, lier-ere-street. Oxford-stree', London, Tom wen till Two, and Five to Eight ; on Sandavm from Kievan to nnp L 0 V E is the leading feeling of the human breast. More exalted than me^e passion, it soars high above every other impulse of nature, and is not only stronger than avarice, but more engrossing even than ambition. No man is exempt from its influence, or can avoid its sway; and business, pleasure, philo sophy, and divinity itself become neglected under the enthralling power of LOVE, which, unlike mos:: things, increases in intensity with time, until it receives the sacred consummation of marriage. When union does not take place, however, this passion, this fervour, this golden tide of the manliest teelings becomes a deadly poison in the heart, which now darkens, as it before bright ermd, all things upon earth. How is it that men, of most un cLangeable habits, will change at the very altar, and after a life time spent in the fulfilmeni, of every engagement, snap the very con tract-asunder which should be most binding to an honourable mind? it is the effect of conscience. The Lover, by enervation of early habits, or the results of secret disease, knows himself to be disqualified, and dares not enter a state which has been h.stituted by Divine Law for the fulfilment of important ends. The wretched condition of such a being mast subsequently be beyond measure deplorable 1 Loving and beloved, he entails the most miserable disappointments on the object of his choice, and upon himself a desolation the most horrible, when the simple possawion of natural attributes would change the scene, and yield to both a life of unalloyed happiness. The subject is interesting, and deserves the attention of all. Those desirous of investigating it will find the fullest and most satisfactory information in the little work entitled SELF-PRESERVATION. mustrated by forty coloured engravings on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the reproductive organs ; with practical observa ions on the secret infirmities of youth and maturity, resulting from solitary habits, excesses, or infection. By SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D., Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c. This treatise is the result of a long course of study in a peculiar and much neglected branch of medical practice, ai,d the author having ob tained the blithest medical honours, is a guarantee for his profes sional experience, which has reference almost solely to the treat ment of these diseases. REVISW OF TER WORK. La'Mert on the Infirmities of Yolth anclitaturit3.—" There are Scenes in the drama of life which are acted with no spectator but Conscience ; and of these the result is ever disa.stmus. Happy tho mortal who meets with a timely mentor to snatch him from the gulf into which such scenes must plunge him ! In the hook before us such a monitor is to be found, calculated to warn and instruct the erring, without impairing one idea that can vitiate a mind not al ready tutored by the vices of which it treats. It is written in a style ~f masterly precision and lucidity, blending the profoundest truths of philosophy and physics with the loftiest precepts of morality. It is a production calculated to cooler a vital benefit, physically and morally, upon all who are tempted from the rigid path of abstemiousness and propriety. A father may trust it in the hands of his hoy. By un ' tough. innocence the book is not, of course, needed hut whe ever laxity has prevailed, the tender yet awful voice breattiinr. In these pages is likely to prove as strikingly beneficial as the admonitions of a homily blended with the practical advice of a writer on medicine." —United Kingdom Magazine. The work may be had price 2s. 6d., of Kent and Richards, 52, P:iternoster-row: Hannay, 63, Orford-street; Starie, Tichhorne s•reet, Haymarket ; Gordon, 146, Lead en hal I-street ; Mansell, 115, Fleet-street; or, free by post, for forty-two stamps, from the author's esideuce, who may be consulted on these disorders personally, or y letter, daly, from Ten to Two, or from Five tit Eight. 3 7. 131 , 11Ful1;-sclUA1tE, LONDON'. N.17,547.] LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING • f 1 ONVEYANCE of her Majesty's MAILS be tween ENGLAND and the BRAZILS and BUENOS AYRES. Department of the Comptroller for Victualling and Transport Services, Somerset-place, December 19, 1848. The Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby give notice, that on THURSDAY, the 25th January next, at One o'clock, they will he ready to receive Tenders, under Conditions, which may be seen at the above Office, for the Monthly Conveyance each way of her Majesty's Mails and Dispatches, between ENGLAND and Rh) DE JANEIRO and BUENOS AYRES, by Vessels propelled by Auxiliary Screws, or by full power Paddle wheels. All Tenders are to be made upon the Printed Form provided for the purpose, which may be had upon application as above, and they are to be addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, at Somerset place, with the words, " Tender fo" the Conveyance of Mails," and " Comptroller for Victualling and Trairport Services," in the left hand corner of the envelope. No Tender will be received after One o'clock on the day of Treaty, nor will any be noticed, unless the party attends, or an agent for him, duly aathorised in writing. Every Tender must be delivered at the above Office, and must ex press when and where the vessels will be ready for survey, and when they will be completely ready for sea, and also state the address of the party tendering. VINE INN, COMMERCIAL FAMILY HOTEL, and POSTING-HOITSE, STOURBRIDGE. WILLIAM FORD, (Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons) in announcing to Families, Commercial Travellers, and the Public in general, that he has entered upon the above celebrated House, late in the occupation of Mr. Francis Richards, begs to solicit their patronage, and t o assure them that no exertion on his part shall be wanting to supply every comfort which it is in the power of a landlord of an H otel to afford. W. F. also begs to announce that his Establishment will be con ducted on a system of fixed charges, combining liberality with eco nomy, and hopes, by attention to his patrons, to uphold the former character of the House, as one of the most comfortable on the road. Post Horses, Flys, ikc , on the shortest notice, and on reasonable terms. Short distances, not exceeding One Mile, Es. 6d., Driver in cluded. GRAY'S -INN WIN. The attention of the Public E ESTABLISHMENT. c is directed to the undermentioned strongly recommended for general WINES and SPIRITS, which are c nsumption WINES. per dozen. SPIRITS. per gallon. Port from the wood • • .. •. • . 30s Cognac Brandy— •• .. 21s and 24s 1 do. 4 years in bottle . • 42. s fhe pure pale do. per doz • • 60s Sherry, excellent Dinner Wine 30• Finest Scotch Whiskey, per gal 18s Do. superior old .. ••• • • • 42s Jamaica Rum.. • • 12s and 143 Marsala, best quality • • . . • • .. 24s English Gin •••••• • • • • 8s to 12s Crape • .. • • ...... 18s British Brandy .. lgs lIENEKEY, KISLINGBURY, and CO. 23, High Holborn P.S. Sample Bottles may be had. Price Currents, containing al he varieties of their Stock, forwarded upon application. THS ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET. Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry, by Dr. Ryan, at Half-past Three, daily, and on the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Fri day, at Nine o'clock.—A Lecture on Voltaic Electr.city, and the Electric Ltght, on the Evenings of Tuesday, Thursday, acd Satur day, at Nine o'clock, by Dr. Bacbhoffner.—Also on Pneumatics daily at Two o'clock.—The Microscope at One o'clock daily.—The Dissolving Views, with historical descriptions.—The Chromatrepe. The Phantasmagoria ' by Childe, at Eight o'cl oc k—D iver and Diving-bell.--Working Models explained:. Open daily front Eleven to Five , and in the Evenings (including aturday) from seven till Half-past Ten. Admission ls,—Schools ,flaff-price —The New Catalogue, 18, FAULTLESS NIGHT LIGHTS. THE NEW PATENT ALBERT NIGHT LIGHTS are the best, cleanest, most simple and safe, enl - t, and economical in Boxes at 6d., containing 8, 10, or 12 Lights, to burn 9,7, or 5 hours each. To l!e used in the Albert Lamps, at 3d., 6.1., 9d., or is. each. Sold retail by Grocers, Oilmen, Lamp Dealers, and Chemists everywhere. ? r inilE ALBERT NIGHT LIGHTS are th e I best. Price bd. per Box . Sold everywhere. THE BEST APERIENT and ANTIBILIOUS MEDICINE for general use is FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, which effectually relieves the stomach and bowels by gentle relaxation. without griping or pr stration of strength. They remove head-ache, sickness, eizziness, pains in the chest, &c., are hi hly grateful to the stomach, promote digestion, create appetite, re lieve langour and depression of spirits ; while to those of Lull habit and tree livers, who are continually suffering from drowsiness, heavi ness, and si..ging in the head and ears, they offer advantages that will not fail to be appreciated. This medicince has for many years received the approval of the most respectable clacses of society- ; and in confirmation of its effi cacy, the following letter has been kindly forwarded to Mr. Prout, with permission to publish it, and if requisite, to refer any respect able person to its author : " To Mr. Prout, 229, Strand, London. " Heayitree, Exeter, April 24, 1844. sta,—l feel pleasure in being able to hear my strong and unsoli cited testimony to the excellence ofyour ' Frampton's Pill of Health,' which I consider a most safe, efficacious, and very su n •erior ge neral medicine. The widow of an offl 'er, an elderly lady, and near relative of mine, has used them- very rarely having re course to any other medicine for a long period of years. She has recommended them extensively, and in one instance in which she induced a person to adopt them, and supplied the first box herself, they have proved of extraordinary efficacy. I think that, perhaps, there is scarcely any other of the many patent medi cines before the public ofequal value as a friend in need ;' certainly none possessed of superior claims. I shall be happy on all occasions to give them my indiv.dual recommendation; and am, Sir, Your obedient servant, o e * * *." Sold by T. Prout, 229, Strand, London. Price Is. I%d. and 2s. 9d. per box. Also by the venders of medicines generally throughout the kingdom. Mk for FRAMPTON'S PILL of EIEALTIL and observe the name and address of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London," on the Go vernment Stamp. Ptl NS. ANOTH EL ENLARGEMENT. OF Tun EEKLY DISPATCH This Journal at present the largest in existence—un rivalled for its early intelligence and uneompromising advocacy of the Rights of Mankind—will be ENLARGED, On and after SUNDAY, the 7th of JANUARY, 1849, to SiXT KEN PAGES, CIINTAINING SIXTY-FOUR COLUMNS, OF THB SAME SIZE AND FORM AS AT PRESENT, WITHOUT ANY EXTRA CHARGE By its zeal in the cause of progress, and its staunch de-otion to the interests of the People, the DISPA ICH has become a terror to the upholder of abuses, and a powerful auxiliary on behalf of the opp'essed, whose wrongs will always meet with sympathy and XpOSUre. Encouraged by their success, and anxious to extend the sphere of their Political Influence and Social Utility, the Proprietors have re solved on the proposed Enlargement of the DISPATCH, which here after will answer the purpose of FOUR NEWSPAPERS, and thus accommodate four readers at one and the same time. 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An EXPRESS EDITION of the DISPATCH is published every SUNDAY AFTERNOON, containing news direct from Paris, and other parts of the Continent, ap to eight o'clock on Saturday Evening To prevent disappointment, orders should be given early to Mr. RICHARD WOOD, 139, Fleet-street, London, to whom Post•ofce Orders may be made payable, or to any of the Newsvenders, in town and country. This POST-OFFICEis blished in 2000 Royal Octavo Pages, price THE LONDON DIRECTORY FOE 1819, Being the Fiftieth Annual Publication. The following are some of the principal contents :—Offlcial Direc tory—Street Directory—Commercial Directory—Trades' Directory —Law I) irectory—Court Directory—Parliamentary Directory—Pos tal Directory —City Directory—Conveyance Directory—Banking Directory, &c., &c., &c. This Edition of the Work has been most favourably noticed in the metropolitan journals. For Reviews, see Times, Noy. 30th, 1848 ; Morning Herald, Nov, 30th ; Morning Post, NOT. 30th ; Morning Chronicle, Dec. let ; Sun, Nov. 30th ; Morning Advertiser, Dec. 2d ; pectator, Dec. 2,1 ; Atlas, Dec. 2d ; Weekly Dispatch, Dec. 3d ; Globe, Dec. sth ; John Bull, Dec. 91h; Britannia, Dec. 9th ; Hera path's Railway Journal, Dec. 9th; Literary Gazette, Dee. 9th. Kelly and Co , 19 and 21, Old Boswell-court, Temple-bar; and all Booksellers in Town and Country. HE QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1_ No. CLX VII , will be published on Saturday, December 30. CONTENTS : I. The North-Western Railway. 11. Diary of Count Wessenberg. Duke of Argyll on the Church. IV. Layard's Discsivery of Nineveh. V. Germany—Austria—Prussia. VI. Vmnity Fair—Jane Eyre—Governesses. VII. Italian Intervention. VIII. Public Education in France. IX. The Castlereagh Papers. John Murray, Albemarle-street. A GIFT BOOK FOE ALL SEASONS. THOMPSON'S POETICAL WORKS. 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CONTENTS: The Austrian Empire-State Po:icy-Statesmen-Education -Re ligion and Religious Orders-Army -Peasantry-Middle Clas -Xo bility-Orders and Decorations -Rights of Sovereign and Form of Government-Feudal Obligatlons-Revenue and Statistics-Social System -Police and Prtson , -•Vienna and the Viennese -I'reseut Po salon and Prospects of the Empire. One vol. post Bvo., with a portrait of the Emperor. I A H E T 0 W N: ITS MEMORABLE CHARACTERS AND EVENTS, (From St. Paul's to Sr. James's). By LEIGH HUNT. 2 vols. pest Bvo., with Forty-five Illustrations, price 245. cloth. " One of Leigh Hunt's masterpieces. It is emphatically a took for Christmas time."—Examiner. " Among the very pleasantest works of Leigh Hunt. There is not a page which does not furnish its anecdote."—Spectator. " Two volumes full of delightful gossip."—Britannia. 111. BOOK of ENGLISH EPITHETS, LITERAL and FIGURATIVE. With Elementary Remarks and Minute References to abundant Authorities. By JAMES JER MYN. 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PENCER'S CHINESE LIQUID FLAIR DYE. 7 The thousands of individuals who for upwards of twenty years have used this eelehrated liquid, pronounce it to be the only article extant which effectually changes, in a few minutes, red or trey hair, whiskers, moustaches, &c., to a dark brown or black, without trouble (by 4mply combing it through the hair), and pro •iuces by one application a pleasing and permanent change ; and it can be incontestibly proved, that while many dyes tend to destroy the hair by their pernicious properties and dangerous process of ap plication, that this article -promotes the growth of hair, nourishing the roots till the latest period of life. Price 3s. 6d., 65.. and 108. per bottle. To be had of the Proprietors, 29, Nottingham-place, Fieldgate .treet, Whiteehapel-read, London ; also of Mr. Johnstone, 68, Corn hill ; Butler. 4, Cheapside ; Front, 229, Strand ; Sanger, ISO, Oxford street; Barclay, Farringden-street ; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond street; Trooper, 43, King William-street, London bridge ; Finnigin, Milsom-street, Bath ; Elm ore , B ull-street, Birmingham ; Roberts, 23, Church-street, Liverpool ; an d of most Perfumers and Medicine Vendors in town and country. Sent to any part of the kingdom by receiving a remittance, post-paid. Please to ask for " Spencer and Co.'s Chinese Liquid Hair Dye." Observe. the Proprietor's address is on the wrapper. ON NERVOUS DEBILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASES. Just published, the Thirty-sixth Thousand, an improved edition, re vised and corrected, 120 pages, price 2s. in a sealed envelope, or forwar ted by the Author, post paid, to any address, secure from observation, for 2s. 6d., in postage stamps, illustrated with nu merous Anatomical Coloured Engravings. MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PREMA TURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for its PERFECT RESTORATION. A Medical Essay on those Diseases of the Generative Organs, emanating from Solitary and Sedentary Habits, indiscriminate Ex cesses, the Effects of Climate and Infection, dtc., addressed to the sufferer in Youth, Manhood, and Old Age; with Practical Remarks on Marriage, the Treatment and Cure of Nervous and Mental De bility, Impotency, Syphilis, and other Urine-Genital Diseases, by which even the meat shattered constitution may be restored, and reach the full period of life allotted to Man. The whole illustrated with numerous Anatomical Engravings on Steel, in colour, explain ing the various functions, secretions, and structures of the repro ductive Organs in health and disease ; with instructions for private correspondence, cases, &c. By J. L. CURTIS. Surgeon. 7 . Frith-street, Soho-square, London. " Manhood.' A itedical Work.—To the gay and thoughtless we trust this little wont will serve as a beacoa to warn them of the m an anh to ood th . e , afflicted J. L. as c a n s rt ur i e s. gui_ T d n e e t ir e h lo e n a g lth ex ." Langer attendant upon the too r as h i n d u l gence o f th e ir pa ;Mons, whilst to some it may serve as a monitor in the hour of tempta tion, re putation in the tr ea t ment of these painful diseases is the patient's work its immense guarantee, and well de serves for themense cirulation." —Era.pTCriehrnooenicanied " Curtis on Manhood' should be in the hands of youth and old age. It is a medical publication, ably written, and developes the treatment of a class of painful maladies which has too long been the prey of the illiterate and the designing."— United Service Gazette. The Parent, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and last approaching to a premature grave, in consequence of some disease, which, for want of careful investigation of its real cause, has been set down to the score of consumption, will, on perusing this work, be astonished to find, that in nine-tenths of the cases of young per sons of both sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary con sumption, heart disease, tapes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has been the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by youth much more frequently than it is at all suspected. N.B. Goer' of consultation from Eleven till Two, and Six to Bight in 'ho• . BREWERS' AND DPTILLERs' CLERKS' PROYIDENT SOCIETY FOR WIDoWS AND ORPHANS.—The ninth anni versary of the insiitution of this • xcellent charity was celebrated on Mod ty, at the New Corn. Exchange Hotel, Mr. J. H Wynne in the chair. After the usual loyal ti asts, the prosperity of the society, and the health of its patriins, C. Barclay, Esq., Robert Millbury, Esq., Sir E. N. Buxton. C. Tanqaerav, Esq., and other gen tlemen, h7d been (lily honoured, the chairman strongly enforce.l the duty of a.l , rades and professions to. sup port energetically such benevoli nt designs as that they were now ass - rallied to ci.lebrate. Mr. Davidson, in returning it arks tor the health of the past president, reverted to the gratifying f.,er, that whereas he had said some years ago that he doubt, .d not they should have 2,000/. in ha , ,d in 1850, hi, prediction had been agree 'LW% filsiti d. for they hail at the present time a fund of 5.000/. Mr. Charles Pawley -returned thanks for the trustees, Mr. Bennett for the Visitors, and thanks having been voted to 'he auditors and chairman, a harmonious evening closed the festive and philanthropic meeting. PRINCE LOUIS NAPOLEON. (From the Post.) As everybody is naturally anxious to know some thing of the opinions of the new President of the French Republic, we now give his views on one most important social subject, as they were embodied in his work, " Extinction du Pauperisme." This little volume, of which we chance to possess a copy, was Published in 1844, having been written in the spring of that year, when his incarceration in the fortress of Ham afforded ample opportunity for undisturbed con sideration of the subject. The observations, of the whole of which we subjoin a translation, may, there fore, be taken as the deliberate opinions of the Prince on a public question of deep and increasing importance : PRELIMINARY REMARKS. I must say a word in explanation of the title of this pamphlet. Perhaps it will be conceived (as a writer of no small merit has already observed) that the expression " Ex tinction of Pauperism" has no direct reference to a work whose single object is the welfare of the working classes. True it is, that betwcen the misery arising out of a compulsory stagnation of labour on the one side, and pauperism on the other (resulting so frequently from vice), a great difference exists. Nevertheless that the one is the immediate consequence of the other may well be maintained ; for to diffuse competence, education, and morality among the labouring class, which, of all, is the most numerous, this, if "not to extirpate pauperism, is to remove it to a very great extent. For this reason to propound a method calculated to initiate the masses in all the advantages of civilization is to dry up the fountain heads of ignorance, vice, and wretchedness. Therefore, without any extravagant boldness, I conceive I may keep my title—" Extinction of Pauperism." I offer my reflections to the public in the hope that, when developed and reduced to practice, they may tend to general utility and retied. In adversity it is natural to think of those who suffer. NAPOLEON LOUIS BONAPARTE. Fort of Ham, May, 1844 CHAPTER I. The wealth of a country depends on the prosperity of agriculture and industry, on the development of domestic and foreign traffic, and on the equitable distribution of the public revenues. Not one of these elements of material prosperity but is sapped in France by an organic canker. All inde pendent persons acklowledge this. The only difference among them is as to the remedy. AGRICULTURE.—IL is averred that the extreme sub division of property is the bane of agriculture, and yet the re-establishment of the law of primogeniture, which was the mainstay of large properties, and the life of ex tended cultivation, is impossible. In a political sense this is fortunate. INDUSTRY.—lndustry, that source of opulence, is at present without rule, organization, or aim. It is an engine working without a regulator, and cares little what force it employs. Grinding beneath its wheels men and materials alike, it unpeoples the fields, collects crowds in spots where there is not a breath of air, en feebles at once mind and body, and casts forth on the streets the operatives whom it may no longer know how to turn to account, and who have sacrificed, to swell its gains, strength, youth, and a life. The true Saturn of labour, Industry, devours its children, gird lives by their death. Must we, however, in order to ob viate these defects, place industry under an iron yoke, deprive it of the liberty which is its life, kill it, in fact, because it kills, without taking its immense benefits into any account ? We think it will be sufficient if we cure those whom it has wounded, and destroy its power to wound. • But this must be done at once. Society is no fictitious being, but a body with flesh and bones, which can pros per only in proportion as all its component parts are well and thriving. Some effectual remedy for evils of industry is needed ; the common good, the voice of humanity, the very inter est of Governments call for this imperiously. DOMESTIC COHNIERCE.—Domestic commerce suffers because industry producing .^vermuch in proportion to the slender remuneration which it aniesda for labour, and agriculture not producing enough, the nation is thus composed of producers unable to sell, and of con sumers starving, yet unable to buy; and this ill-poised position obliges the Government, as well here as in Eng land, to go even to China in quest of a few thousand consumers, while millions of English and French are around them destitute of every necessary, and who, ii they caul only buy food and.olasting-of n a decent ki n d, would create an infinitely more important commercial activity than could be derived from the most advan tageous treaties. FOREIGN COMMERCE.—The causes which paralyse our exports are too closely bound up with politics for dis cussion here. Enough to say that the amount of ex pits is always in exact proportion to the number of bullets which a country can send among its enemies on any call of honour or dignity. Recent events in China prove the truth of this. Let us now speak of taxation. France is one of the most heavily-taxed countries in Europe. Perhaps she would be the wealthiest if her revenues were distributed with perfect justice. The levying of a tax may be compared to the action of the sun absorbing the earth's vapours, in order afterwards to dispen se th em b ac k in rain, wherever the ground re quires water for fertility and productiveness. When this return is duly made, fecundity is the result; but when the sky, in its anger, pours back the collected vapours in storms, waterspouts, and hurricanes, the germs of pro duction are destroyed, and barrenness follows; for some receive more than they want, and others much less than they need. Nevertheless, whatever may have been the clement or inclement action of the atmosphere, yet al must always by the end of the year the same amount of moisture will be found to have been absorbed and re turn( d. The only difference, then, is that caused by the distribution. Regular and just, it creates plenty; thrift less and uneven, it produces dearth. So it is with a good or evil administration. If the sums annually raised from the population are employed for unproductive purposes, such as the creation of use• less places, the ereciien of barren monuments, the main tenance, during profound peace, of an army more expen sive than that which conquered at Austerlitz, taxation then becomes a crushing burden ; it exhausts the coun try; it takes without returning. But if, on the other baud, those resources are employed in the creation of iresh elements of production, in the re-establishment of the equipoise of wealth, in the destruction of misery, by the organization and stimulation of labour, and, in fine, in the core of the ills consequent upon our civilization then certainly taxation, as a Minister once said from the tribune, is the best of investments for the citizen. Therefore in the budget we must find the cornerstone of every system intended to relieve the working classes To look for that corner -stone elsewhere is chimerical. The savings bank is doubtless useful for the easier class of operatives. It supplies him with the means of beneficially using his superfluous earnings; but for the most numerous class, who have no savings, and no means of saving, this system is altogether insufficient. In point of fact, to attempt to relieve the misery of men who know not how to live, by proposing that they should each year lay by a something which they have not, is a mockery and an absurdity. What, then, is to be done? This. Our equalising laws on the division of property ruin agriculture; we must remedy the inconvenience by an association which, employing all hands out of work, may redintegrate pro perty and tillage on the grand scale, without detriment to our political principles. Every day industry summons to our cities men whom it enervates. We must recall to the country the super fluous masses of our towns, and repair in a pure atmo sphere so many worn minds and bodies. The working class possesses nothing ; we must make it a proprietary. Its only wealth is its hands. We must place in reach of those hands employment useful to the whole community. It is like a people of Hel ots in the midst of a population of Sybarites. We must give it a social place, and bind up its interests with those of the soil. Finally, this class is without organization and without ties, without rights and without a future ; we must give it rights and a future, and elevate it in its own eyes by association, education, discipline. CIAPTER IL—PROPOSITION. For the accomplishment of a design so worthy of the democratic and philanthropic spirit of the age, so neces sary to the general welfare, so useful to the repose of sogiety, three things are r, : Ist3,(l,aa Isaywst ; em 2d . , a first deposit of funds taken the budget; L THE LAW.—There are in France, according to official agricultural statistics, 9,190,000 hectares of un cultivated ground, belonging to Government, t o t h e commons, boroughs, or to individuals. These fells, heathers, commons, pastures, yield but a very slender revenue, eight francs the hectare. It is a sunken capi tal, profitable to no one. Let the Legislature decree that this untilled ground belong of right to the opera tive association, provided there be annually paid to the present owners what they now derive the Let the Legislature give to these fallow ha n d s these equally tallow tracts, and the two un p ro d uct i ve capit a l s will re. sive by each other' s mini s t rat i on . This will be a means of at one and the s ame t ime re li ev i ng misery and en riching the country. To avoid the reproach of' exag geration, we will suppose that but two-thirds of these nine millions of hectares can be surrendered to the as sociation, and that the remaining third is either un cultivable or occupied by buildings, streams, canals, &c. The woe k would be made possible by the crea non of agricultural colonies, which, spread all over France, would constitute the basis of a single immense organization, of which every poor workman would be a member, without being personally a shareholder 'of the property. 2. 'I'HE DEPOSIT —The advances requisite for this establishment should be supplied by the State. Accord ing to our estimate, this sacrifice would amount to about 300,000,000 of francs, payable in four years, for by the end of that time those colonies, while supporting a large number of operatives would have begun to realise a t refit, By the end of ten years the Government could thence raise a positive tax of about 8,000,000, without reckoning the natural increase of the indirect duties, S N, DECEMBER 21, 1848. the receipt from which always swells with the general diffusion of comfort. This advance of 300,000,000 f rancs wou ld , t h erefore, be no sacrifice, but a splendid investment. And when the State thinks of the end, how could it refuse this ad vance—the State which spends annually 46,000,000 for the purpose of preventing or of punishing the attacks at property, which sacrifices every year 300,000,000 to fashion the nation to a military life, and at this moment purposes 120,000,000 for the construction of new prisons! Ina word,could thecountry whieh without ruin has given two milliards to its invaders —which without a murmur has paid one milliard to emigrants—which without flinching spends two or three hundred millions upon the fortificaions of Paris —could such a country hesitate to pay 300,000,000 in four years for the purpose of de stroying pauperism, of emancipating the unions (" corn unines'!)• from the immense burden imposed on them by destitution, and, in fine, of augmenting our territorial wealth by more than a milliard? 3. ORGANIZATION.—The masses are nothing without organization; they are everything with discipline. With out organization they cannot speak, nor even make them selves understood; they cannot hear—they cannot re ceive a common impulse. On the one side the voice of 20,000,000 of persons, scattered over a vast territory, is lost, without even an echo; and on the other side nu words are loud and persuasive enough to convey from a common centre to the consciences of 20,000.000, without recognised intermediaries, the ever harsh doctiines of authority. Now-a-days the reign of castes is over: you can go vern by the masses only; they must, then, be organised, that they may give form to their will—and be. disci plined, that they may be directed and enlighteued,on the subject of their own interests: Domineering by violence over a people is no longe - r now to govern it; togovern it is to conduct it to a better future, by appealing to its reason and its heart. But as the masses require to be instructed and moralised, and as, in its turn, authority re quires to be restrained and enlightened with respect to the interests of the majority, it is quite necessary that there should be two co ordinate movements in society—the influence of autho rity upon the masses, the influence of the masses upon authority. Now, these two agents cannot operate with out a collision, if there be net mediators who may pos sess at once the confidence of those whom they repre sent and the confidence of those who govern. These mediators will have the confidence of the former when by the former they shall be freely elected; and of the latter they will ,deserve the confidence when they come to fill an important place in society; for, in general, it may be said that man is what his office makes him. Guided by these considerations, we should like to see between the operatives and their employers an interme diate class created, which should have legally recognised rights, and should be elected by the whole body of ope ratives. This intermediate class should be an order of umpires ("prud'honzmes"). We would, each year, have all the labourers or opera tives assemble at the corporation to choose their repre sentatives or umpires, at the rate of an umpire to ev e ry ten workmen. G oo d conduct should be the only quali fication. Every master-manufacturer and master-farmer, every contractor whosoever, should be obliged by law, if he employed more than ten workmen, to have an umpire to superintend them, and to pay this umpire double the salary of the common journeymen. These umpires would discharge in the worldng community the same functions which the non com missioned officers discharge in the army. They would form the first minor order in the social hierarchy, stimulating the laudable ambition of all by showing them the example of a reward easy to obtain. Exalted in their own eyes by the very duties which they would have to perform, they would be compe ll e d to ex hibit a model of good conduct. By this means every decade of workmen would contain within itself the germ of perfection. What improves men, is to present con tinually to their eyes an object at once honourable and honoured. As for the impulses which would have to be imparted to the masses, in the way of instruction, of communica tions, of suasives to action, the question would be sim plified precisely in a tenfold degree; and taking twenty. five millions of persons who live by their work from day to day, there would be two millions five hundred thou sand of mediators with whom communications could be maintained with a confidence the more complete, inas much as such mediators would share at once in the interests of those who obey and in the ideas of those who command. These moderators should be divided into two classes. One class would remain in the world of private industry, the other would be employed in the agricultural esta blishments. And (we repeat) this twofold mission would be the result of a direct election accorded to the whole of the operative class. CHAPTER lII.—AGRICULTURAL COLONIES. Let us suppose that the three foregoing measures 'are adopted. The twenty-five actual millions of journeymen possess representatives, and the fourth part of the agricultural domain of France is their property.* In each department, and above all where waste lands are in the greatest quantity, agricultural colonies arise, offering bread, instruction, religion, work to all who want them--and God knows whether there be not innu merable persons in such want throughout France. These charitable institutions, in the midst of an ego tistical world, delivered up to the feudalism of money, must have the same beneficial effect which was produced by those monasteries of the middle ages which were, amid forests and among warriors and serfs, the germs of light, peace, and civilization. The association possessing unity of operation through. out France, the unequal distribution of waste lands, and even the paucity of those lands in certain departments would be no impediment. The poor families of a de partment which, at first, might not have an agricultural colony, would repair to the next department ; the great advantage of partnership king to distribute help equally and to relieve all distresses, without being checked by the consideration which at present exculpates every in humanity--" he is not of this union" (commune). The agricultural colonies would have two ends to fulfil—the first, to support a great number of poor fami lies, by making them till the lands, tend the cattle, &c. ; the second, to afford a temporary refuge to that floating mass of labour to which the prosperity of industry im parts feverish energy, and which the stagnation of trade or the introduction of new machines plunges into the deepest misery. Every poor man, every person out of work, would in the places mentioned find means to turn their strength and intelligence to their own account and to the profit of the community at large. Thus there would be in these colonies, b( sides; the number of men, women, and children strictly necessary for the farming works, a great number of labourers incessantly employed either in clearing new lands or in building new establishments for the infirm and the old; the advances granted to the association and its ul terior profits would enable it to employ annually a considerable amount of capital in these productive dis bursements. When private capital shall want hands, it will seek for them at these central emporiums, which, from that very fact, will maintain wages at a remunerative rate; for it is clear that.tbe labourer, certain to find in the agricultural colonies an assured existence, will not ac cept work at the hands of private capital, except in pro portion as the latter offers him a profit over and above that strictly necessary remuneration constantly supplied to him by the general association. To stimulate these barters and to excite the emula tion of the labourers, a sum could be c h arge d on t h e profits of each establishment, for the purpose of creating for each operatives particular fund. This accumulation would constitute a real savings bank, which, over and above wages, would yield to every workman at the moment of his discharge a share, the amount of which should be determined by the days of his labour, by his zeal, and by his good conduct. In this manner the dili gent workman will be able, at the end of a few years, to accumulate, by means of his particular fund, a sum suffi cient ta provide for him during the remainder of his days, even out of the colony. In order better to define our system, we will employ an illustration. When through the midst of a country flows a great river, it is a general cause of prosperity; but, occasionally, the too great abundance, or the extreme scantiness of its waters, leads to inundations or to drought. What is done to obviate these two scourges ? The Nile affords us an example ; great basins are dug, into which the stream pours the sur plusages of its waters when they swell too high, and whence it receives them back when they sink to insufficiency; and by this means is secured that constant and level flow which begets abundance. Well, that is what we propose with respect to the working class, that other river which may alike cause ruin or fertility, ac cording to the manner in which its course may be traced. We seek on behalf of the floating mass of the population great places of refuge where their strength and their mind might be sedulously developed, and where during times of general depression the surplus of unemployed labour should be preserved with a view to its subsequent redistribution in due proportions. We seek, in a word, real escapes for the population and useful tanks of its industry, which might maintain at a constant and equable level the observance of that ordinance of Divine justice which commands that the sweat of the poor man shall receive its just hire. The umpires or representatives of the labourers are to be the regulators of this continual undulation. The umpires of private industry,f conversant with all the ' wants of their subordinates, are to share with the mayors of corporations the right of dispatching their unemployable hands to the agricultural colonies. Th e umpires of the colonies, conversant with each man's powers, will seek to place advantageously under the sphere of private capital all whom the latter may re quire. Some practical inconveniences will perhaps be found in this exchange; but what institution is without such inconveniences at the outset? Ours would have the immense advantage of multiplying the instruction of + We have supposed that the operative association would at first but farm the land, since they would pay to the actual proprietors the slender revenues which they derive from the waste lands and from the commons; but by degrees the association would buy up the fee simple. t We thus translate here the word " industrie," which it is well known that the Fren c h often employ in this sense, and often also in the meaning which we attach to the expression " capital,' l'industrie et le travail" com monly correspond to our " capital and industry." the people, of giving it healthful work, and of teaching it agriculture; and would render general that practice introduced by the culture of beet-root sugar, and eat( n by that of silk, that practice on the part of journeymen of passing alternately from the labours of the field to the labours of the workship. The umpires would be one in ten, as in the sphere of private capital. Besides the umpires, there are to be superintendents commissioned to teach tillage. These superintendents are to be elected by the um pires and workmen together. Proofs of earticider knowledge of agriculture will be required of them .•s tests of eligibility. F.n.ll, i e a goy, rnor in each eel ,ey is to be set over these superintendents, umpires• anti workmen. This governor will be nominated by the su perintendents and umpires together. The administration is to consist of the governor and of a committee composed of a third of the superintendents and two-thirds of the umpires. Every year the accoun:s are to be printed, communi y beeattreadyetod t t h h e ei g r e i n n e c r o a w l ( E )f ac w h orkmen, and laid be toree. fence, ycon outlay,ehai geAeis ithi 1i heie obi t pr h st reni:stc: cashiering u,ses g ss eanrb e au o n yubone f e i faghl r trtsch a truali l al nit enteru i c ppsi O lijosisrf n(eaciltroeee:droio,ililnhri wellur. as o r, t tusef thus tp)6uto t et:s h whri ei e i weot department, n (l e 1) s as mwho have will have to sanction them, and will possess the right of are to repair to Paris, and there, under the presidency of t receipts iueltd, llabourers year er) discuss oaiebpuvdeter the eemf t xrco h cx) u e dhesne b aeh g di ene.oosduxnty, exceeded use to h, . t n r renl o s . et filch to put the profits standing to the account of the generel association. of creating these agricultural colonies without establish the earlier stages, be barracked, like our troops.; It is n supplementary buildings will ari-e, where civil and re tigious instruction will he supplied to the members of the colony and to the children. Finally, vast hospitals will be formed fur the infirm and supetannuat. d. Severe discipline will prevail in these colonies ; a rude but healthful life will there be led, for their end is net to feed sluggards, but to ennoble men, by vigorous and remunerative labours, and by a moral education. The workmen and families employed in these colonies will be maintained in the simplest manner. L doings, pate food, raiment, will be regulated after the military tariff; for the military is the only organization bastd a; once on the well-being of all its members and on the strictest economy. Nevertheless these colonies would not be military at all, they would borrow from the army its admirable order, nothing more. The army is but an organization; the working class would form an association. These two bodies would therefore have very different principles, and a very dif ferent end. The army is an organization which, having to execute the commands of its leader blindly and promptly, must, above all things, have a system of ranks graduated from above.—(" Une hierarchie qui part den haut.") The working class, consisting of an association whose officers' only duty would be to regularise and execute the common will, should have an electoral system of ranks. Our proposal, therefore, has no relation to mili tary colonies. To render our plan mere plain, we will give an esti. mate of the probable receipts and outlays of an agricul• tutal colony. Our calculations are grounded on official figures. Still every one will understand how difficult such a budget must be. There is nothing h ss exact than a minute calculation of the productions of the earth. We claim not that we have foreseen everything. The best foresight, says Montesquieu, is that which feels it cannot foresee all. But, if our figures can lead to discrepant conclusions, we will not grant as much for our system in itself. It may be, in spite of the care with which we have made our valuations, that we have omitted some expenses or even some receipts, or reckoned the returns of the earth at too high a rate; but such omissions affect not at all the main idea, which we hold to be just, true, fertile in good results; the following simple arguments will prove this. The returns of the soil, exclusive of what belongs to the fiscal department, are commonly divided into three portions—the gains of the labourer, the pre fit of the tanner, the property of the landowner. In our model firms, the working class would absorb all these three products, and would at once be wo:kman, farmer, and owner. Its returns, then, would be immense, and the more so because, in a well-formed association, the expenses are always smaller than in private specula tions. The first resource would enable a great number of poor families to live in modest competence; the second would form those individual funds already mentioned; the third would not only build houses of charity, but would incessantly augment the capital of the society by she purchase of new lands. Phis is one of the greatest advantages of our own plan. For every system devoid of a principle of conti nued increase is defective; it may, perhaps, lead to tem porary benefits, but, when its object is attained, the distress which it sought to annihilate revives—it is as if nothing frid been done. the poor-law i❑ England and the workhouses afford striking examples of the truth of this. Bore, on the contrary, once the agricultural colonies are in full bearing, they will always be able to extend rkmen. bsta t hthipaleeile,ti appointment part tor p tomft h moee thisrtn. more trp , er,ty. and aci: rtroe t eefi o as tchs m aaebp u : ; :t t . r iutnshT e gle s rh t ie a w: c e:e l n i : s te h a. m tnordf e ay n nhei t st s tai:n f . wn o de r tsaopou t ( h bl,adi e .; scot the cultivated lands he on this account neglected. The supernumerary workmen already mentioned would re enter the general field, until some new public stagna tion should drive them back to the agricultural colony. Thus, while on the one hand, property becomes more and more subdivided by our equalising law, the operative association will reconstruct property and cultivation on the grand scale. While • capital continually draws our population to the towns, the colonies will attract them back to the country. Whin no more sufficiently cheap land shall remain in France, the society will establish ancillary branches in Algeria and even in America. Some day yet it will engross the world; for wherever there will remain an acre to clear, and a poor man to feed, that association will appear with its capital, its host of labourers, and its ceaseless activity. Let no one accuse us of being dreamers of impossibili ties. We should only have to point to the example of the famous English East India Company. What was the latter it not just such another society as we propose, but with effects, though amazing, yet less favourable to humanity than would be those of the institution which, with all our hearts, we pray may arise. Before piercing so far into the future, let us calculate the probable re ceipts and outlays of these establishments. CHAPTER IV.—RECEIPTS AND OUTLAYS. According to our hypothesis, the operative association would have to clear two-thirds of 9,190,000 hectares of ground now uncultivated, that is, 6,127,000 hectares. To know what these hectares would bring, if subjected to skilful culture, without the fallow l an d, we h ave made the following calculation:— The number of cultivated hectares in all France is Of meadows, natural and artificial Total of foreign and domestic consumption 24,929,925 Deducting this sum from the amount produced, there re main 11,853,298 hectolitres unused. These figures show at Once the cause and the remedy of the distress; they prove the superiority of the na tional to the export market, for if by the means indi cced the impulse impressed upon the home traffic in creased consumption only by one-tenth, an event rot out of probability, the increase would accordingly be of 2,357,824 hectolitres, which is nearly double our entire exports. On the other hand, if the policy of our rulers succeeded and we are far from auguring that it will, in augmenting our exports even by one-fifth, that increase would be but 270,334 hectolitres. Labour creating competence, and competence creating consumption, are the true foundations of a country's pros perity. The first duty, then, of a wise and able Ministry is to strive, by the improvement of agricultoreend of the lok Ofthe majority, to increase home consumption, which is far from having reached itsheight. For, statistically speaking, in Franc? each inhabitant consumes yearly, on art ave rage—of wheat, merlin, rye, 271 hectolitres, which gives 328 rations of bread annually to such indivi,!nal; of meat, 20 kilog.; of wine, 70 litres; of suLzar, 3 to 4 kilog.; which, humanly speaking, amounts to this, that in France there are many millions of individuals who eat not bread, or meat, or sugar, and who drink not wire. For all the rich consume much more than the average, that is to say, 365 rations of bread, instead of 328; 180 kilog. of meat, instead of 20 kilog.; 365 litres of wine, of 3 2 5. instead of 70 ; an d 50 kilog. of sugar, instead - We do not produce too much, but we consume too little. Instead, then, of going to China in quest of consumers, let us augment the riches of our own territory ; let us employ all idle hands to the benefit of every existing distress and trade; or rather, if it be wished, let us do both; but, above all, let us not forget that a country like France, which has been so richly endowed by Heaven, contains within itself all the elements of its prosperity, and that it is a disgrace to our civilisation to think that in the nineteen! h century at least the tenth part of our population are in rags and are dying of hunger in the presence of millions of manufactured produce, which cannot be sold, and of millions of agricultural produce which cannot be consumed. To sum up all, the system which we propose is the result of all the ideas and wishes put forth by the most competent economists of the last half century. In M. Govin's report to the King, which stands at the head of the official agricultural statistics, the Minister (p. 28) declares that one of the greatest possible ita provements would be the clearing of those lands which yield but Bf. by the hectare. Our plan realises this thought. All men who are animated by the love of their fellow creatures demand a tardy justice for the working classes, who seem to be disinherited from all the advan tages of civilisation ; our plan gives to those classes everything that can raise the condition of man—cempe fence, instruction, order— and to ea&l indßidnai the means of rising by his own merit and his own labour. Our organization has no meaner tendency than to render, at the end of some years, the class which is the poorest now, the richest association in all France At present the wages of labour are I,ft to ch/ince or violence. Either the master oppresses or the workman rebels. By our system wages are fixed, as human things ought to be determined, not by compulsion, but by a just equipoise between the wants of those who toil and the necessities of those who make them toil. At present, all is salt nee at Pari! , , the °en t.e alone absorbs all the activity of the country ; our spttem, without harming the centre, conveyes life to he , xtte• unities, by calling into action under the high dir , etitni of the Government 86 new indivolualitiestoilirg e( s'it'u ally towards perfection. And what i, 1,. ces,aty to realise this ;I.ojeet? A year's srtny estimate—fifteen times the sum wt , ich Inns b_en ~:iven to America—a cost equal to that which is laid out en the fortification s of Park And this sdv.ince would, at the end of twenty yoears, bring a milli ar d of francs to Franc- 80 0,000,000 t the working cl asses, and 37,000,000 to the treasury. Let the Gov( rnment carry out our id. a, with what ever modifications the expel.; ence of men conversant with these complicated matters may suggest in the way of useful information or new hints-- let the Government take to heart the great 'national interests—let it es tablish the well-being of the - masses on an unshakeable foundation, and it will be itself unshakeable. Poverty will cease to be seditious when wealth ceases to be ty rannical ; opposition will disappear, and the obsolete pretensions which, rightly•or wrongly, are ascribed to certain men, will vanish as those bent bre. zes that skim the surface of the sea under the Equator valdsh when comes the real wind which fills the sails and bears the ship onward, The mission of soothing animosities is a great and holy one, and worthy of moving the ambition of men the mission of healing wounds, of appeasing the suffer ings of humanity by uniting the citizens of a single country of yin one common int eres t, an d in h astening the a future which civilisation must sooner or later bring to pass. . . . In the century before last, La Fontaine uttered that ser,tence, too often true, but yet so rad, so destructive of all society, of all order, of all "hierarchy"—"Je vous le dis en bon Francais : noire ennemi c'est noire maitre." At present the aim of every able Government ought to be to tend by its eflorts towards what may soon he daid :—" The triumph of Chlistianity has destroyed slavery ; the triumph of the French Itevoluion has de ,.troy ed vill nage ; the triumph of democratic ideas has destroyed pauperism." Frahlos of figures follow, justifying the Prince's cal culations. j EARLY CLOSING ASSOCIATION.—The Rev. George Gilfillan, of Dundee, delivered last night, in Dr. Fletcher 's Chapel, Finsbury-eireus, a lecture upon " the Christian Bearings of Astronomy,",and at the same time reviewed the arguments used by Dr. Chalmers, in his Astrono. mietil Discourses. The h cturo was the second of a se ries proposed to be given by the Rev. Gentleman, gra tuitously, fur the benefit of the Early Clo s i ng . i u m i a . Lion, and the abil.ty he displayed was duly appreciated by a numerous audience. ACCIDENT ON THE MIDLAND RAILWAY.—A rather serious accident, though fortunately unattended with loss of life, occurred on Tuesday morning, about a quarter before six, at Segworth, Leicestershire. It appears that the mail came in coutuet with a luggage tram, and a tremendous crash was the result. Several carriages we re very much damaged, but none of the passengers sus ,tettned material Injury, although more than one was slightly bruited. 19,314,741 5,774,745 Total in hectares'. The rough product of these lands are:— For the tilled ground ... 3,479 583,005 Meadows 25,089,486 Total in francs Therefore, the average product by the hectare of seed or meadow land amounts to 165 f. Again, tl eri are in France 51,568,145 tame animals of every kind, 3 'aiding a rough value of 767,251,851 f. One with another, each head of cattle is therefore worth 15 and us tin ae beasts are fed on about 26,000,U00 of h. mares, that gives two head of cattle to the hectare. On an average, he mad• say that each !sedate yields 195 f., 165 f. in revenue, and 301. in cattle. Therefore, our 6,127,000 hectares, reduced to cultiva tion, would bring:— For the rough product of the earth Ditto, for cattlelB3,Blo,ooo Total in francs ..... Deducting from this amount what those Luctsres now yield, according to the statistical returns, that is, two-thirds of 82,064,0461., we have.. 54,709 364 The territorial wealth would, therefore, be augmented by,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,....... 1,140,055,636 Let us now consider the otttlay. To simplify the cal culation, let u s suppose that the land requiring to be cleared is equally distributed throughout the-various po litical divisions of France, we shall h ave 6,127,000 hec tares to divide by 86 , which will gi ve us for each de partment 71,241 hectares. By fixing twenty years as the term by the end of which the land would be reduced to cultivation, we should have, by the department and by the year, 3,562 hectares to clear. The number of hands necessary for this work may be determined thus: one vfotknufa, on the average, clews three hectares a year. But, as we must take the sick into account, and as then, by the second year, these workmen will be obliged to give a portion of their care to the culture of lands already cleared, and to help the ' agricultural families who will be annually called in, over and above, we will suppose but a work of two hectares yearly; 1,781 workmen will be therefore neces• sary to accomplish this work in twenty years, and as each year there will be 3,562 hectares cleared, the colony will annually receive 120 families to aid in the culture of the cleared ground and to tend the cattle; since we have also reckoned, according to the general census of France, two head of cattle to the hectare. Every year, therefore, after the end of the first, the colony will buy twice as many head of cattle as it will have cleared hectares the year before. Thus, for twenty sears, the colony's receipts and expenditure would be progressively increasing. _ THE RECEIPT,, without counting the original ad- vances of Government, would consist of the periodical addition of 3,562 hectares, cleared, and of the annual improvement in the value of those hectares. For admitting that each hectare yields a produce of 195 f., the grounds would give this amount only at the end of three years' cultivation, and four years' toil. That is to say, the first year after the clearing, each hectare would yield 65f., the second year, 130 L, the ;weeding years, 195 f. [PRICE SD. „ exp irtS As for the expenditure, best the first otelay, there would be p er p etua l annual ex ses, such as .the pay of 1,781 l a b ourers and of 120 families, the interest of the grounds belonging to corporations or to individu2l3, the cost of seeds, of stables, the burden of the Administra tion, and which, o f Nl:eh:sin% 17;124 h ne y w ear he a a r cl g o u f la ctt tilfeer;eat consisting of 120 additional , families, and of the con struction of the huts where they should lodge. : Each labourer shall receive the pay of a soldier, and each family the pay of three labourers. Riment ould be far cheaper f or l a b ourers than for.soldi a ers; w o e ; will, however, calculate it at the same- rate, in order not to change the fixed prices. Each man then would annually cost, all things included, 318 f. The umpires shall receive the pay of non-commissioned officers, the superintendents that of officers, the govereo that of a colonel. Till the colonies begin to bring L profit, all the workmen shall be lodged in sheds, made like those of our military camps. These sheds, large and healthy, commonly hold twelve men. We would place in them but ten men, with their umpire, when un married. In the contrary case, there would be'a, ramify to each shed, and the sheds should be construed o smaller scale. In several of the departments there in the neighbourhood of the sugar ma By the calculations which we have Flood at the end of this pamphlet, it will be seen that at thri end of twenty-three years (with an wiginal advance of 311,000,000 franc*) the income and expenditure of the colonies would be— Annual receipts Costs Rre simdl ... 1 ,194,694 800 i. ••• 378.622.97°' Profit " 1072,522 f. • 6, .206,400 families, 153,166 workmen of the class would be maint a i ne d . F rance would be rich p er oorer by twelve millions of new head of cattle; and, finF,fly, the Government would raise, on the rough revenues, ac cording to the actual rate, nearly thirty-seven millions more offrancs. • - CHAPTER V.—SUMMARY. In the abstract just presented of the profits we have stopped tar short of the truth, for the cultivation of a fourth of the lands now waste would not only alignient by one-heath the roni.,h revenue 'of France, Din thia augmentation wou ld i mpart to every branch of' national labour an immense af.'ttvity, more easily understood than minutely eijilained. Not only would thes:ercelomes; by the end of twenty years. hinder more than a million of human beings from pining in wretchedness—not only would they give life to a host of trades connected with agricul,ure—but this annual pr , fit of 800,000,000, ex changed ter other products Within the country, would in the same ratio increase consumption and domestic com merce. This profit would aff yid to all the fruits of la bour an outlay more important than could be procured by the most advantsgeous commercial treaies, since this amount-800.000,000 —exceeds by 156 000,000 the value ot an our export -4, which in 1842 reached the sum of 644,000,000. [Various cl,cutnei-i is are here referred to.) To make this reasoning more striking, and to show all the importance of domestic traffic, let us suppose that these commercial colonies were not included within our territory, but separated from the Continent by an arm of the sea and a line of custom-houses, and yet that they were forced to trade with France alone. It is evident that if their agricultural production brought a profit of 800,000,000, that sum would be exchanged agan.st con tinental produc e , either m anu f actured or of the soil, but different from theirs. We believe, therefore, that the increase o(tiolnestic consumption, favoured by this growth of riches and com petence, would better than anything relieve the distress of which certain trades complain, and, above all, that it would put an end to the afflictions of the vine growers, while giving bread and meat at the lowest price. Finally, it may be presumed, from the nature of their soil, that these colonies would produce grain and cattle, but not wine. Now, in thus swelling the supply of those prime necessaries, they would diminish their price, which would tend to augment their consumption, by en abling the poor to eat of them; and, on the other side, the growth of plenty would multiply the number of those who can drink wine, and, by consequence, the ge neral consumption. It is easy to expl in, by official figures, the distress of our tine growers. France produces 3 6,783,223 hecto litres of wine (without counting spirits). Of these she consumes -- .. 23,578.248 ~. 1,351.677 . „ - roved after )orta- par- its of was day, rally, essrs. Were meat to 2d were littO, kins, aid ebec /per ow" levy low, clan I Are area, lire, and rop- WAS xi), No. Alto ith is- Jac ng