The Sun. — London, England, 1865-10-21 00:00:00

The Oil Regions of Pennsylvania. (Fro in the Times' Correspotulent) OIL CITY, OCt. 5. The more one sees of Oil City and its surround ings the less one likes them, though the more one sees of them the :more one has reason to be astonished at its sudden growth and the extraordinary business activity which prevails from dawn till night, filling the mud of its main street with traffic, covering the broad waters of the river with rafts and scows and barges and steamers of every kind—all, streets, boats, tnd rafts, engaged alike in the universal labour of transporting oil. The city proper—that is to say, its business part—consists solely of one main tho roughfare, so called because it is almost impassable. There is so much water in it that it literally more resembles an old canal than a new street, and but for the immense boulder stones which occasionally interrupt its flow of mud, I am certain that more traffic might be got along it by rafts than by carts. Nothing but a shantybecomes such a street, and with praiseworthy consistency the people have built no thing but shanties. The...* are hung against the side of the cliff, set loosely on piles, or stuck on mounds of earth, without the slightest regard to the comfort of either neighbours or occupiers, and without the most remote approachto anykind of method or regularity. If there is room on some point of rock for a shanty between the derricks of two oil wells or 'between two oil tanks themselves, well and good. The frame is put together in the course of a few days, and the building finished in less than a fortnight. It makes not the smallest difference if on examination of any of these enviable sites it is found that there is not room for the intended structure. Then the coat is cut according to the cloth and the house built in all sorts of odd ways to suit its odd position. It is plain that when the plan of Oil City was conceived people lacked faith. They did not believe that the oil yield could last, and so made their abiding place temporary. They are not only frame houses which exist here, but of the lightest description of structure, of that kind known as balloon frame. It is of such houses strewn pell-mell on either side of the muddy channel I have spoken of that Oil City consists, and bankslderricks, hotels, vats of oil, land officers, refineries, mountains of empty barrels, mountains of full barrels, with grog-shops, clothing stores, rough piles of old machinery, broken-down waggons, barges moored alongside the street as lodging-houses, &c., are all mixed up together in the widest confusion and dirtiest disarray. No two places are alike. No two places have any common point of resemblance, save in their mud, their greasiness, and their stench of the omnipresent oil. In these three Unpleasant particulars no building is better than the rest, and it is difficult to imagine how in each parti cular any could be worse. Such a thoroughfare is at once the Cheapside, Cornhill, and Thames-street of Oil City, and if your readers can imagine it crowded with teams, reeking with oil, and thronged with a muddy population from all parts of America —from California to Nova Scotia, from Canada to Texas, they will have some idea of everyday life in Oil City. Yet all this has grown up in little more than three years. In little more than three years it has changed from a poor "half-scratched" unproductive farm land, with a population of less than 50 souls, to such a place as I have tried to indicate— to a wooden city with nearly 9,000 inhabitants, having two newspapers, two large banks, half a dozen hotels, ten oil refineries, five churches, and one public school. Not included in the estimate of Oil City, but forming, nevertheless, its only clean and pretty suburb, is a village town on the opposite bank of Oil Creek called Cottage-hill. It is a very picturesque semi-mountainous ridge, on the slopes of which are scattered the residences of the oil kinds and princes, as they are termed, of this neighbour hood. There are houses belonging to men who have made their two or three million dollars out of " ile"-i-Anen who do not reside in the " region," as it is called, but who occasionally come down to look after their interests, and who, following the rule of extravagance which prevails throughout Petrolia, have built themselves there handsome little villas in which to stay during their brief visits. They are all exceedingly neat and pretty houses, much after the style of the Swiss chalets. Considering that every thing has to be brought with great difficulty from long distances it is surprising to find how elegantly some of these houses are furnished, and sometimes, also, how roughly they are occupied. From this hill a fine view can be had over the picturesque country around, and especially down into the most unpic turesque mudflat on which Oil City stands or rather is strewed. Everywhere up and down the river and up and down Oil Creek flat barges are being towed laboriously through the water by horses harnessed to their bows as to a cart. These river flats, with empty barrels, are crowding up in scores, and their teams require very careful driving to avoid collision with the barges laden with oil, either in barrels or in bulk, which come spinning down with the force of the cur rent at a great velocity. Everywhere, on the hills, in the valleys, from the back-yards of houses, and even at the corners of streets and passages, rises the irre pressible brown, greasy derrick ; everywhere are fussy little steam-engines and busy walking beams pumping the brown, stinking fluid into vats, tubs, barrels, or tanks ; anything, in fact, that will hold it, and into a good many things which, as it turns out, will not hold it at all. Everywhere the oil is flowing, either of its own force or by the force of the pumps ; everywhere its gas is escaping and so laden is the whole atmosphere with this nauseous miasma that the pipes and tanks are sometimes covered with white stalactites of paraffin • wax which the gas has deposited. The visitor who stops in the hotels of Oil City will be inclined to think leniently of the extrava gance of the oil princes who have built their little villa up on Cottage-hill. Unlike either Pithole City, Titusville, Franklin, and other oil centres, this city owns hotels only in name. One might as well expect the hotel to himself as a bed or a room, and if it be true that every one has to eat a peck of dirt in his lifetime, then there is no part of the world where the task can be got through with such uninterrupted rapidity as here. Everything in the hotels is in the rough, and roughest of all is the company, for people only come here to make money, and get out of the place as fast as they can. The discomforts of life are very grievous they admit, but they are not going to live here, and they don't at all see why they should make the place more comfort able for those who will come after them. It is the same with the shopkeepers, the hotelkeepers, and with all. They know their customers will never be regular customers, and they know that they them selves intend to leave as soon as they have made enough and can sell their business at a profit, and is in a purely transitory state. No thus everything roads are made, though for the want of them oil costs 3} dollars a barrel to bring from the wells to this city, when a tax of lOc. a barrel would pay for a good road in a month, and reduce the cost of its conveyance from pi to 2 or even less. No bridges are made, though hundreds of barrels of . oil are wrecked in the streams for the want of them. Getting oil is a comparatively easy task ; but ge tti ng it away from the wells is a very dif ferent matter. Oil City is literally choked with oil that can find no means of transport. The Atlantic and Great Western Railway, which has opened up this region, is taking it away by trains clay and night ; yet, though it receives the enormous rate of 4d. per ton per mile, and takes almost thou sands of tons d a il y, i t can effect but little towards getting rid of Oil City's accumulation, or meeting the immense demand w hi ch is existing' through the States for the supply of petroleum for a hundred purposes. In the same way the track for that city to Pithole Creek is all but i mpassable even for horsemen. A horse tram could be made here in a m onth for 1350,000, which would pay $1,00 0,000 in a year. The extraordinary mixtur e o f energy and apathy in the American apparent than i n these oil regions. They run up a city, as at Pithole, in four months, yet the rough mountain track along which the oil must go to the market is utterly disregarded. The well-owner says, " If they want my oil, why they must come for it and take it away ;" and the consumer who buys it at the well says. " If I have to pay so much more for getting it down, the well-owner must sell it so much cheaper ; and thus both seller and buyer inadvertently combine to keep up a tax on the pro fits of both, which, if imposed by the State, would very justly be zesented by all as most oppressive and exorbitant. The State tax on petroleum is a dollar a barrel, the tax which the dealer nd con sumer voluntarily put on themselves 13 . ,- their curi ous neglect of the roads by which their produce must come down is pi. But people wont set about permanent improvements to a region about which their only desire is to quit when ithey have made their "pile," and thus everything—roads, cities, works, tanks, machinery, and all that belongs to the transactions of business life are of the roughest and most temporary kind, and a people so shrewd as the Americans do not seem to see that those who give them means of transit for their oil must in the end earn the largest and most certain profits of any. As with the roads and the cities so with the people who inhabit them. Everything is in the rough. The company in the small, ill-cleansed apartments of the hotels here resemble nothing to be seen in other parts of America—resemble no thing, in fact, but themselves. To be greasy, muddy, ragged, and ill-dressed is common to all. The representatives of millions of dollars jostle and live side by side with teamsters, penniless adven turers, carpenters, bricklayers, workers at wells, millionaires like themselves, stage drivers, boatmen, and, in fact,. all whom business, want of employ ment, love of adventure, or love of money bring to this most curious place. Neither dress nor manners give the least clue to the aristocracy of " Oil Dorado." Your neighbour, no matter how wretchedly clothed, or how detestably vulgar his ways and speech, may be so far your superior in money's worth that in the community where wealth is the only recognised distinction he is held to be in finitely your superior. Oil and money are the only things required here, and as a general rule the more ill-dressed and dirty a man is the more rich he is likely to be. To be tolerably clean—that is to say, with whole clothes not absolutely covered with mud and grease, is to be a stranger to Petrolia, and, as a general rule, to be a stranger in Petrolia means to bo poor. You may be as ragged and dirty as you like, and yet treated with as much consideration as if you were worth a million, for rags and dirt show a sojourner in the land, and no one has any right or reason to suppose that a person who has dwelt in Petrolia is not worth a million. The democratic principle adhered to in the oil business is, that all men, rich or poor, teamsters or well-owners, are equal. The well-owner's source of riches may go dry in a week, and his teamster's 16th in a flowing well may in a single day rise from a value of $250 to $200,000. These instances of the instability of fortune are so constantly and so strongly impressed on the minds of all Petrolians, that they know perfectly well that no matter what a man's wealth, as long as he remains speculating in the oil regions, he may lose it in a week, and they know also that no matter what a man's poverty, as long as he, too, remains speculating, he may be a millionaire in a day. Thus both classes come pretty well to the level of the lowest, all alike must conform to the rough man ners of the place and descend to the plain off-handed slang absolutely necessary to the establishment of any pleasant and therefore profitable intercourse. " Airs" are absolutely of no account whatever. A gentlemanly bearing does not impress in the least. The common courtesies of a business transaction may or may not be required, but in no case are they either valued or depended on. Gentlemen, in fact, are at a discount here ; not that they are not here, but at least they are in a minority, and while they stay here have to assume the manners of Oil City to get on at all, just as they have to wear their oldest clothes and most muddy boots. When, how ever; I have said this of Petrolia I have said the worst, for a more industrious and peaceful popula tion never existed. Every man goes armed with knife and revolver. Why ?No one can say. There is no more reason, as they themselves admit, for carrying such weapons than their would be for their taking them to church. The first people who come here did it, then others did it, then all the rest, be cause others did it. Every man says it is wrong, and that he hopes that when Oil City gets its muni cipal rights this November that the carrying of arms of any kind will be forbidden. It is, however, almost a work of supererogation to forbid their being carried, for, long as they have been worn hitherto, I have never been able to trace or dis cover a single instance in which they have been used. As a proof of this I may mention that I examined several, and did not find one that had not been loaded for months. The caps were cor roded on the nipples, and all I saw, and I saw many, would as weapons of defence be about as efficient as umbrellas. About two years ago a resi dent of Oil City was found murdered in the woods, when a vigilance committee was at once formed, and all bad characters hunted from the scene. Since then two or three teamsters, while returning at night through the woods, have, as they say in Australia, been " stuck up" and eased of a few dol lars, but this ends the catalogue of crimes in Pe trolia. There is probably no part of the world—certainly not of America—where the proportion of drones to working bees is so small as here. The people not only come to work, which is one thing, but they do work, which is quite another thing. From dawn till night all are busy, and if Satan found mischief only for idle hands to do, his vocation would be gone in Petrolia. There is, however, one great stimu lant to this excessive industry, which is, that unless a man works hard he cannot exist. The prices of everything by which a man must live—food, cloth ing, shelter—have all more than trebled throughout America since I was here four years ago. In Petro lia they have increased tenfold at least, on the prices charged throughout the state. The cost of labour here is enormous, and the cost of labour is only another term for the cost of living. What is the use of a teamster earning $4O dollars a day when the price of keeping himself and two horses amounts t o $3O. He saves $lO a day, but he saves it at an amount of exposure, discomfort, and rough living, which, hardy as he may be, he would shrink from encountering elsewhere on the same terms. Thus it is that only the strongest and most hardy can stand the wild life of this region at all, and it is, therefore, claimed to be healthy because the rate of sickness is not high among its iron population of miners, labourers, or seasoned adventurers from California. lam inclined, however, to disbelieve in the healthiness of a district where the two diseases are typhus and typhoid dysentery, and where both are pretty rife. These complaints are not caused by any want of good living, as far as eating is concerned, nor by any excess in drinking, for during all the time I have been in Petrolia I have never seen a tipsy man, nor even one whom, according to the euphemism of police reports, I could say was under the influence of liquor. The favou rite vices here appearto be gambling and blasphemy. The former is almost naturally induced bythe whole style of oil-well speculations, the latter has comp to be a mere "facon de parler," a dialect of the district which almost every one uses, till the stranger's very ears creep at the way in which the most sacred names and things are spoken of, not so much as im precations, but as the ordinary garniture to the most common conversation. In one very important virtue, however, the Petrolians have few equals, and that is in their hospitality to strangers. It is offered freely to all ; but, above and beyond all, it is given with a welcome to Englishmen. If you come as a speculator, you are fair game, and woe betide you and your unlucky dollars then if you are ignorant of the country and its ways. These dull, quiet, phleg matic looking Pennsylvanians have over-reachedthe shrewdest New England men and " down Easters'' have sold them a few acres of " dry territory" for hundreds of thousands of dollars, which, as oil land, was not worth a red cent. Yet, if you disclaim the character of an investor or speculator, you are safe; and, if an Englishman, you are taken care of by all, and each man strives for the merit of entertaining you. When I first visited Petrolia I came here alone, without a person knowing either my name or vocation came, in fact, as that idlest of human beings, an English holiday traveller. Yet as soon as it was known that such a curiosity-hunter was in the town, one after another of the well-owners came in a kind, rough way to see if they could be of use to me, to place horses at my disposal, to offer me guides, and, as they say here, to " put me through," from first to last ; a n d a l l this w Englishman wishing t o sec the because I was an oil-wells. Offers THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVEN 11 OCTOBER 21, 1865. made in such a spirit, and so kindly pressed upon ine, I accepted ; and, under the guidance of differ ent gentlemen, as I passed from farm to farm, I have seen the best and the worst of Petrolia—its wealth, its shams, and swindles, and its real sources of profit able investment. As a mere spectacle these regions are better worth seeing than anything I have ever met—natural or artificial—during a somewhat long career of varied travel. The whole machinery of how oil-wells are sunk, how they yield, how they fail, how they yield again, how people are cheated, and how bogus companies are got up, which unex pectedly turn out sources of enormous wealth, how " dry territory " is sold after being covered over night with oil spilt to give good surface indications, I have seen daily, and will endeavour to tell by next mail. fish, and plenty of dace had been caught in the river by other persons. That was an additional proof, in his opinion, of the value of the works carried out by the Board. there which contains half a dozen millions. Lying on the top of a mountain of these notes was a pack age which we examined. It could easily have been put in the coat pocket and carried away without in convenience. It contained 1,000 $5OO legal tenders, and was, therefore, worth just half a million. But for the contempt for money which the inspection of these enormous sums is apt for the moment to in spire one might have coveted this little package. How many able and successful men toil for a life time in the hope of acquiring just such a parcel ! If you are going to steal, let us recommend cou pons as the most convenient articles to • " convey." Seven-Thirty coupons are so small that you can easily put $50,000 worth in your waistcoat pocket, and as to Ten-Forty coupons, a pinch of them, between finger and thumb, is a small fortune. These little bits of paper, no bigger than an apothecary's label, or hall the size of a five cent, in fractional currency, represent sums varying from $25 in gold to $365 in currency. As interest-day comes round they pour in from all quarters—from the far West and the lately rebellious South, from Germany and Holland, from crowned heads in Europe, and from industri ous washerwomen in this country. To examine and sort these little bits of paper is no slight task. One of the richest men in New York is said to keep his daughters, married and single, busy cutting off coupons for a whole afternoon and evening before interest-day ; when the cutting is done the eldest daughter herself sweeps out the room to intercept waifs and strays. The vaults of the Sub-Treasury may really be said to defy burglars. In the first place they are built on 35ft. of solid masonry, so that digging under them and working by a tunnel to the floor would be impracticable. Then, they stand in the main hall of the Treasury building, in which a watch is always kept, and into which it would re quire no small labour to intrude after nightfall. The vaults themselves are iron chambers, with iron floors, roofs, and walls. The latter are 2ft. thick and hol low, the hollow being filled with musket balls, which defy the burglar's drill. Four doors of massive iron close the entrance to the vault ; each door is locked with two locks, so that eight different keys of pecu liar mechanism are required to open sesame. Uncle Samuel, poor fellow 1 is not likely to be robbed at this office, however he may fare elsewhere. We re member the Sub-Treasury when Mr. Cisco was first appointed its chief, in two rooms of the assay build ing—a quiet, retired establishment, in which nobody spoke above a whisper, and a few clerks leisurely counted their gold and demurely paid the salary of the President and other public functionaries. People went there to chat with the sub-treasurer, a man of leisure and considerable information, and twice a year called to collect their interest. It was so slow and so old- foggy an institution that even the small Wall-street bankers used to laugh at it. In these, days the sub-treasurer at New York has his grip on the throat of nearly all the bankers in the country, and we notice that none of them are disposed even to smile when the name of Mr. Van Dyck is men tioned. Metropolitan Board of Works. The usual meeting of the Metropolitan Board of Works was held yesterday at the office in Spring gardens, Sir John Thwaites in the chair. FINANCE. The financial statement was presented, which showed the following cash balances in the hands of the Treasurer :—Current accounts, £299,193 13s. 4d. ; deposit accounts, £lol,soo—total, £400,693 13s. 4d. DEFECTIVE STATE OF THE DRAINAGE OF POPLAR. A very numerous deputation from the Poplar District Board of Works attended to present a me morial on the state of the River Lea, and request ing. the adoptio n of a pl an p en di ng t h e complet i on of Abbey-mills Pumping Station to relieve a portion of the river from sewage which at present finds its way into it. The deputation was accompanied by Mr. Charles Ceeley, clerk to the District Board of Works. The memorial stated that 1,400 new houses were built in the district, the drainage of which was discharged into the River Lea, and thence to the River Thames, and a large number of the houses still drained into cesspools. The consequence of this was that the River Lea had become little better than a long open sewer, on the top of which floated a filthy black and offensive froth, which had become a great nuisance to the inhabitants, and they could not but view the sanitary state of. the diAtrict with great anxiety, and more particularly with the pro spect of an outbreak of cholera at no distant period. The memorialists, therefore, urged the completion of the Low Level Sewer Works, but as about 18 months must elapse before the completion of the pumping station at Abbey Mills they suggested that a temporary relief should be resorted to, and that the sewage not flowing into the River Lea should be diverted by connecting the main sewer near the Great Eastern Railway at Old Ford with the Hack ney Branch Sewer and the district sewers, and then the whole of the sewage could be pumped up and discharged into a bay of the tidal part of the River Lea, about 100 yards north of the Three Mills at Bromley. Mr. E. COLEMAN addressed the Board at some length in support of the memorial, pointing out the dangers to which the district was exposed unless some remedy was applied. On the motion of Mr. COOK, the memorial was referred to the Main Drainage Committee for con sideration and report. PROPOSED WIDENING OF MANSION-HOUSE-STREET AND THE POULTRY. A deputation from the Commissioners of Sewers for the city of London attended the board for the purpose of representing the necessity of widening Mansion-house-street and the Poultry, in the city, and to ascertain how far this board was disposed to assist them in carrying the same into effect. The deputation was accompanied by Mr. Haywood, en gineer, and Mr. Day, clerk to the Commissioners of Sewers, and introduced by Mr. H. L. Taylor. Mr. DE JERSEY, on behalf of the deputation, said he wished to draw the attention of the board to a subject which had been brought before it some years ago, when some houses were being pulled down in the Poultry, and it was considered desirable to purchase the site of them. A communication took place with the owner of the property, and the sum he required for it was £17,500, and that was mentioned to this board, to ascertain if they were willing to contribute a moiety of that amount. The board then thought that they ought to endeavour to get a reduction of the amount by negotiation, and unless that could be done they could not entertain the subject. Since then, in consequence of memo rials from the inhabitants of the neighbourhood, urging the necessity of widening this thoroughfare, the matter had been brought before the Court of Common Council, and also the Commissioners of Sewers, and it was their opinion that they might with advantage take part of the property of the Union Bank and property adjoining it to the east ward, and thus carry out a very important improve ment. As the new street from Blackfriars-bridge would terminate at this point, it would necessitate the widening of the Poultry, as in addition to the traffic from the new street there would be a great deal of cross traffic, and therefore that a widening of this thoroughfare would become imperative to the extent of 60ft. The CHAIRMAN wished to know if St. Mildred's Church was to be pulled down. Mr. DE JERSEY said that this point had not been determined upon, but the Commissioners thought that this was one of the city churches that ought to be pulled down. Ufiless, however, the inhabitants should come to a resolution that it ought, for a public improvement, to be pulled down, it would be useless to proceed further in that way. At the present the Commissioners had not advanced further than whin the question was last before the board, as the owner of the property had been again applied to to reduce the sum of £17,500, and he declined to nego tiate the subject, and it appeared that all the Com missioners of Sewers could do was to put in force the powers of Michael Angelo Taylor's Act and take the whole of the property. The CHAIRMAN—Have you not power under your local Act to take a portion of the property and com pensate the owners for the part so taken ? Mr. DE JERSEY said they had never yet done so. In all cases they had given notice to take the whole of the property. He was bound to state that as they contemplated taking the whole of the pro perty, and it was a very large question, the Commissioners of Sewers and the Improvement Committee of the Corporation thought, it necessary to come in the first instance to the board to see if they were inclined to join them in what would be essentially a great public improvement, the neces sity for which had been created by a new street coming into that locality, as there would be the traffic coming from the new "street, and the cross traffic to it to a considerable extent. The Ch AIRMAN am I to understand that unless the Poultry is widened you will realise only little benefit from the new street ? Mr. DE JERSEY did not say that ; but they were of opinion that the Poultry should be widened on the north and not on the south side, as the property at the back on the north was not so valuable as that at the back on the south. The CHAIRMAN said as this formed part of a gene ral scheme he wanted to know if any estimate had been formed as to the probable expense. Mr. DE JERSEY said there had not, as they did not know whether the inhabitants would agree to the removal of St. Mildred's Church. The CHAIRMAN-11M are the Commissioners controlled by the parish ? Mr. DE JERSEY said they could not move unless the parish resolved that a portion of the church could be taken as an improvement. Mr. NEWTON wished to know if the best way of widening this place would not be by taking down the Mansion-house, and whether that was contem plated by the corporation. Mr. DE JERSEY believed the feeling of the corpo ration would be adverse to such a 'proceeding, and it would not meet the end they had in view. After some further discussion the matter was re ferred to the Streets Committee, with power to com municate with the Commissioners of Sewers. APPEARANCE OF FISH IN THE TIWIES NEAR THE lIOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. The CHAIRMAN said that Mr. Webster, one of their contractors, had on Saturday last sent him a very fine specimen of a roach caught opposite the houses of Parliament. It was a very fine and lively THE NEW FIRE BRIGADE. A report was brought up from the Main Drainage Committee recommending that Captain Shaw be appointed, during the pleasure of the Board, as su perintendent of the Fire Brigade at a salary of £750 a year, with a residence as at present, and coal and gas ; that the subject of the brigade be referred back to the committee, with power to appoint a sub-com mittee, to procure information, confer with Captain Shaw, and investigate details, and to report to the Main Drainage Committee thereon. This recom mendation led to a short discussion, some of the members remarking that they should like to know something of the qualifications of Capt. Shaw before he was appointed, but the motion was agreed to. THE LATE ACCIDENT IN BLACK3IAN-STREET, SOUTHWARK. In The Sun of Saturday last, in the report of the proceedings of the Board, a report was given on the result of Dr. Letheby's examination of the sewer in which the flushing men nearly lost their lives. Yes terday the following document received by the soli citor on the part of the Aerated Bread Company was presented : " Aerated Bread Company (Limited), 2, White cross-street, EX., Oct. 19. " Gentlemen,—The directors have observed with regret that Dr. Letheby has expressed an opinion that the chalk refuse (similar to that of the soda water manufacturer) which is discharged from this company's works at Blackman-street has caused inconvenience in the sewers by evolving car bonic acid gas. Tho directors feel confident that the effect in question cannot have been_ produced, or not in any sen sible degree, by the company,'S discharge once in eight or nine days of liquid refuse containing 7cwt.or Bcwt. of chalk without any free acid, among the volume of sewage and re fuse from numerous factories flowing down themain sewer. Immediately, however, on the publication of Dr. Letheby's report the directors placed themselves under the guidance of Dr. Miller, of King's College, and Dr. Odling, of Bartho lomew's Hospital, who have inspected the works in Black man-street, and desire to have leave also to cause the neigh bouring sewers to be inspected. I am instructed, therefore, to ask the permission of the Board for an inspection of the sewer, under the superintendence of Dr. Miller and Dr. Odling, and, if agreeable to the Board, under the superin tendence of Dr. Letheby also ; and the directors wish me to assure the Board that they will not permit anything to be done at any of their works which can be a source of inconvenience. I may be permitted to mention, in conclu sion, that the use of chalk for obtaining carbonic acid gas has been superseded in America by the use of grapes, and that the company has made arrangements to work the American process upon sugar.—l have the honour to bo, gentlemen, your obedient servant, " GEO. DAUGLISH, Secretary. " To the Metropolitan Board of Works." It was agreed that the request should be granted, and after some routine business had been disposed of the Board adjourned. The Treasury at New York. (From Harfier's Weekly.) The leading financial institution in the United States is the Treasury at New York. Though it is only an assistant Treasury, and the Treasury proper is at Washington, yet the transactions of the former are so vastly greater in volume than those of the latter that the chief work of the Wash ington-office is keeping record of the business done by its New. York branch. Nineteen-twentieths of its public creditors are paid here ; nearly all the public loans are disposed of here ; by far the greater part of the revenue from customs and taxes is re ceived here ; and here is paid on the days fixed by law the interest on $2,000,000,000 of United States securities. A business of from $3,000,000 to $10,000,000 daily is done here—done quickly, quietly, and without errors or disputes. No insti tution is better worth inspecting than the Sub- Treasury ; and be it said, in simple justice, no man is more willing to have it inspected than Mr. Van Dyck, the sub-treasurer. The vaults are a sight which cannot be witnessed elsewhere in this country. There are two of them ; but one is comparatively empty, as it only holds some $10,000,000. The other contains over $60,000,000 dollars, one half in coin, the other half in paper. How many readers have ever seen $1,000,000 in paper or in gold? We remember one of the oldest of our judges, a man of large experience and profound wisdom, interrupting a party of talkers who were chattering about mil lions of gold, with the naïve question, " How big is a million of gold ? Would it rest on this table ? Would it go under this chair ? How many men would it take to carry it? What does it look like ?" His Honour might have gratified his cu riosity by a visit to the Sub-Treasury. There $30,000,000 of gold lie dormant, awaiting the re surrection of specie payments. They are put up in bags containing $5,000 each, and weighing, say, 451 b. These bags were piled one upon another in closets, which line the inner wall of the vaults ; 100 bags filled a closet. When filled, the door is closed, locked;and sealed with the cashier's seal ; a ticket attached specifies that in that dark and narrow hole $500,000 in gold lie hidden. Fifty or more of such closets may be seen, duly closed, locked and sealed. But in that vault, whose wealth far outshines the wildest fables of Oriental story, bags of gold lie around in every corner. You kick one as you enter. Others rest on the trucks waiting sepulture in the closets. They are so plentiful and so seemingly despised by the officials who handle them that insensibly the spectator loses his respect for them, and forgets that the possession of a few such bags would realise his life-long dream of material prosperity. These bags are the product of Customs' duties. Every day between 3 and 4 o'clock a little hand cart, ark shaped, painted red, covered over, and locked, may be seen travelling up Wall-street, propelled by two stout men, and wending its way from the Cus tom-house to the Sub-Treasury. There are but two men ostensibly engaged in pushing the little red cart, but a careful observer may discover two other men, likewise stout and very watchful, who lounge up the- side walk on a parallel line. They look as if they . carried revolvers. In these days, when the Customs' duties are heavy, the little red ark some times contains $750,000—a prize worth the atten tion of robbers. But it is never attacked. When it reaches the Sub-Treasury it is unlocked, and the bags handed in. Each bag is then counted by the Sub-Treasurer's clerks. They are counted with both hands, and with a rapidity and accuracy truly won derful. They seem to possess a sort of instinct—the produce of long experience, which enables them to discover a false coin at a glance. Pieces which have been split open, me Inside niea mitt, v.ylby filled with iridium, the two halves soldered together, and remilled on the edges, are so like genuine coins that the best judges are often deceived by them. They weigh precisely the same as genuine coins. They are precisely the right size. They have the ring of pure gold. Their external surface throughout is gold. Yet these counterfeits are detected at a glance by the experienced clerks of the Treasury. It used to be said of Mr. Birdsyle, the present cashier, that when he was a clerk he could in empting a X 5,000 bag, at the first clip of his hand into the glit tering mass, pick out all the spurious coins. There is a quantity of silver in the Sub-Treasury, in bags and kegs, but after one had been handling millions of gold, it seemed a poor sort of metal. A silver closet holds $40,000 ; there are a few dozen of them full to repletion. Within a short time consi derable amounts of silver have arrived here from New Orleans—the product of duties or of the Con fiscation Act. Many of the coins are rusted and dingy, and it is shrewdly suspected that, during the Clark days of rebel supremacy, those pieces slept the sleep of the just in damp underground holes. One of the New Orleans banks is known to have buried its coin when Confederate shinplasters made their appearance, and tie plan was doubtless adopted by many private individuals. Of paper money the Sub- Treasury in New York holds some 40 millions. Of this over 18 minims are in fives, tens, and twenties, and are piled on• a shelf in the vault. As nearly as we could calculate by the eye there is about a cord and a half of this money. It might fill a two-horse hay cart. When a paymaster calls with a draught, the clerks give hin a trunkfull or a bushel basket. The notes are legal tenders and national banknotes mixed indiscriminately some old and worn, showing evidence of long service, others new and crisp. The large notes $lOO, $5OO, and $l,OOO, have the honour )f closet room. There is a closet Blackfriars Bridge, Sixteen months ago a huge traffic of men, horses , and vehicles of every description was daily passing over old Blackfriars-bridge. Since then a well constructed temporary bridge has been erected by Messrs. Rennie and Logan ; and, now, after much trouble and outlay in preliminary preparations for the removal of the old and the construction of the new bridge, Messrs Thorne and Co. have at last been enabled to make a visible commencement of New Blackfriars-bridge. The chief engineer superin tending the great and important undertaking is Mr. Bryant, who is skilful, assiduous, and experienced, having spent several years at Westminster-bridge, and also been connected with the formation of piers, docks, &c., elsewhere. The first step taken by Messrs. Thorne was the construction of gantries —as they are technically called—which present to non-professional eyes the appearance of double scaffoldings, on which travellers run. Here for the first time a new style of traveller is used, which works a small cart backwards and forwards so as to command the whole work, the engine being stationary. On account of the great width required for the construction of the new bridge, it was found necessary to have each of these two gan tries of a span of 55ft., which, with a gangway of sft. between them, makes the total width of the wooden superstructure 115 ft. To cross the neces sarily wide openings, a sort of girder, novel in ap plication-and ingenious in device, is used. This is not easy to describe without a drawing ; but it is different from and cheaper than the old - box-girder, and would have a tendency to buckle were it not that its centre of gravity is below the bearings on which it rests ; its upper side is horizontal, and its lower is an inverted arch. There is another novelty in the modus operandi of carrying out this great and important contract. On the Surrey side, a new kind of dam is made of a single row of piles, which is rendered perfectly water-tight by caulking the in terstices with oakum, precisely as ships are caulked. The usual method is to drive two rows of piles, some feet• ape, and to fill in the apace between them with mud or stiff clay. But by Mr. Bryant's plan the time, trouble, and outlay usually spent on the second row is saved. After the above preface, we shall now proceed to state the present condition of the works, which are progressing rapidly, several hundreds of men being employed, and will probably be completed in two years. There are to be four piers and two abut ments under the new bridge, instead of the eight piers and two abutments which sustained its pre decessor. Let us commence at the Surrey abut ment, from which follow Nos. 1,2, 3, and 4 piers in succession, No. 4 being the. last on the Middle sex side, the bridge ending with the northern abut ment. At the Surrey abutment, where the foun dation-stone of the bridge was laid by the Lord Mayor, on the 20th of last July, 15 or 16 feet be low high water-mark, the work is now brought up to within a couple of feet of that mark. It is faced with granite, backed .by brickwork and concrete. It may be as well here to state that the Cor nish granite taken from the old bridge is being re dressed and made available for the new, as far as it will go. The additional stone required will be of the same kind, and from Cornwall also. Pier No. 1 of the new bridge will occupy the same site as the second pier of the old one. Here plat forms, erected on piles, and made capable of sup porting any weight of stone, iron, 111. 'workshops, have been constructed—they are technically deno minated " stagings." Those now alluded to are meant to receive caissons ; they are nearly com plete, and some of the caissons have been fixed. At No. 2 pier most of the caissons are down ; one is quite so, and is having concrete filled in. No 3 'is to have its " staging" shortly commenced, and No. 4 comes, like No. 1, on the site of one of the old bridge's piers. At the Middlesex side the tidal dam is nearly finished; its object is to enable the workmen to excavate down to the proper level for the founda tions. This space will be filled in with Bft. of con crete at the bottom, on which will rest the masonry forming the abutment. The arches—the centre one of which is 185 ft. span, the two on either side of that 175 ft. each, and those next the land on the north and south sides 155 ft. respectively—are to be formed of wrought iron ribs. All the old bridge has been removed except three piers, which are temporarily used for "staging." The timber taken out from the old foundation is as sound as when first put in. The foundations of the new piers consists of four rectangulars and two cutwater caissons, which are to be sunk from 18 to 23 feet into the bed of the river, and filled in with concrete and brickwork. On this the pier will be carried up. They will be built of Cornish granite, surmounted by red polished granite columns, with bases and capitals of Portland stone, in the Venetian gothic style. The wrought iron archesarebeing made by Messrs. Lloyds, Foster, and Co., of Wednesbury, Staffordshire, and it is expected that some of them will be fixed early in the ensuing year. Mr. Cubitt, of Great George-street, Westminster, is engineer for the corporation, and, as we have already said, Mr. Bryant, for the contractors, Messrs. Thorne, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOITRNALS. TI3IES.—The death of the Premier very naturally leads people to bethink themselves what manner of man they have lost, what a Premier ought to be, and who there are that fulfil the most necessary conditions. We have lost a man whom, in justice to ourselves, and in submission to the final award of facts, we are forced to admit to have been the greatest Statesman left in the land. The nation is not infal lible, but it must have been something worse than mistaken if Lord Palmerston was not a great man, and a man most competent to govern the country. On the other hand, it is remarkable that he did not attain to his singular pre-eminence and his full esti mation till he had arrived at a patriarchal age. Had he died at seventy he would have left a second-class reputation for cleverness, restlessness, a wit rather too readily at the service of the occasion, a dexterity chiefly shown in getting out of scrapes, something like indifference upon questions thought of supreme because of domestic importance, and a zeal on other points to the verge of indiscretion. It has been his great and peculiar fortune to live to right himself, and to show the preponderance of the greater powers and the nobler faculties. The moral of his life has been the converse of the old sage's. We must now depreciate no man, nor call him unfortu nate, till he has lived his full term, and run out of all his opportunities ; and even then we must con sider that a better fortune might have brought out hidden qualities. The secret of a life and character had yet to be revealed. We are ready to admit that there is something in the respect paid to age, in the power of a large and long experience, and in the tendency of a good position to improve itself. This may be thought sufficient to explain why Lord Palmerston was a greater man at 80 than at 60. But this is really a question of fact, and there are very few men who, under any circumstances what ever, show better at the more advanced age, and exhibit qualities hardly guessed before. No doubt many are conscious of aspirations that only wait the opportunity, and feel themselves tied down by the straitness of circumstances ; but they are much mistaken if they expect such qualities to keep without use. No length of years would have made Lord Palmerston what he was but a few days ago had he not substantially been that already, and had not that really been the true character of his whole career. No reasonable poli tician will ever look for a model Premier, but in the last addition to an illustrious series we see what is indispensable. The virtual ruler of a free country has to help it to govern itself. He has not to come with a scheme and policy of his own ;• he has not to dictate principles, or warp the nation round to a faction or a school ; he has not to assume every thing wrong, and all to be set right ; he has not to set down this class as usurping or that as aggressive ; he has not to cabal against a people, or plot against opinions ; he is not himself a deity, or a saint, or a conqueror, or a founder, who has to inform a social chaos with his own loftier and purer spirit ; least of all is he to assume that the world is always going wrong, and that he alone has the secret of its rescue. There is a great deal in books, in places of education, and even in common talk that favours these ideas, and compels a young statesman to undergo a certain process of exfoliation before he can become a prac tical man. Such a country as England must and will govern itself, nor is there is any help for it ; so that if anybody is not satisfied with the conduct of his country, he had best let it alone. That Lord Palmerston was a patriot in this sense ; that he had the art to find out what his country wished to do, and the will to assist it ; that he obtruded no preju dices of his own ; and that in our foreign affairs he has at least helped England to act up to its character and position is at once his glory and his reproach ; for on these friends and foes are agreed. We have no wish to say a hard word, or even to think one, of those who take an opposite course. It is their life's one work to stand by their order, or to raise a class, or to extend a principle, or to advocate a doctrine and extend a spiritual allegiance, or to establish an idea, not to speak of the less noble aims too apt to intrude. It is enough to say that these are not patriotism, and that a Premier must be a patriot. He is the arbiter in many controversies and the umpire of many references. He must give all their due, and must not even be suspected of a wish to diminish one existing class,' state, or interest. Changes, of course, there will be in the mutual re lations of these things ; but they are not to come from him. Parties and classes are in perpetual antagonism, and, generally by their own fault, they will occasionally suffer losses, which the Legislature may be called on to reduce to form. It may, there fore, happen that a Premier may be called on to give his name and weight to -changes having the force of social revolutions. But his first duty is to do his best for the whole of the people, in the true spirit of compromise, and "in the light of a free constitution." It cannot be his place to rouse a pressure from without, to collect a body of mal contents, to head a crusade, or attempt any of the day-dreams whereof books are full. In an age at once literary and adventurous, originality of idea and personal achievement are thought the chief claims to glory. But under such conditions glory may well be left to egotists, if they can attain to it. Lord Palmerston's career may not have been sub lime, but it has not been vainglorious. It has been called a hand-to-mouth policy. Its successes have been ascribed to tact, adroitness, and good temper. It has been described by every term that could take it out of the province of true statesmanship and make it a purely social triumph. Be it so. Yet it has been something to win good humour and good will from contending parties and aggrieved classes. They would not have been so easily and agreeably vanquished had they felt the country to be,really misgoverned, or to be under any great burden of wrong. Nor can we entertain so low an opinion of our country as to suppose that, like a lover or a pet, it requires in its rulers the merely personal graces and charms of manner. Some of our most distinguished statesmen have been reserved and even ungracious, and though they have certainly lost fol lowers by the defect, it has not prevented a just appreciation of their motives and their measures. Perhaps there never was a time when augury was more difficult., A new Parliament—very new, in deed ; complications that may lead to war ; and the sudden termination of an interregnum, as, with some truth, the Administration has been called, con stitute a new and inscrutable state of affairs. The man who should be forward to grasp the helm is to be admired rather than envied, for he starts on his course at nightfall, on an unknown and stormy sea. One cannot but be reminded of the proverbial fate of those who first mount the breach, or are the leaders in a revolution. Courage, however, is always necessary, and England does not like a suc cession of statesmen who shrink respo ns ibility or take a waiting line. On the o th er h an d , t h e pu bli c is alive to the dangers of the time, and is ready to give its forbearance as well as its confidence to a Government standing on no other ground than the interest and honour of the country. The vicissitudes of Lord Palmerston's own Ministerial history have had their moral at this juncture. There was a mo ment, not many years since, when he was suspected of allowing the personal fears and wounded dignity of a great neighbour to hurry the pace of our Legis lature--making laws, in a word, at French d 'eta- tion. He had to go to the country to repair his damaged position, and the country gave him its usual confidence. Since that Parliament and the country have allowed him to tie our hands by a commercial treaty with the same Power, and more than once to let a sound discretion overrule the sug gestions of a too sensitive foreign policy. This has been done in full reliance on the word of the Pre mier, that, however aggrieved England might feel, her honour was not engaged to a different course. That confidence is still ready to be given to the wisest policy, whether glorious or not. But we envy not the man who has to decide for us and the nation, and to add with his own hand one more stone to the great edifice of international justice and right. How far there may be coming difficulties at home can only be known at the meeting of our new Legislature. PosT. —HOW long will the Veteran Cabinet last afterits reconstruction by Lord Russell? Its life already extends over six years, or about twice the average duration of Cabinets, and it now becomes of importance to inquire whether it can hope in the future to escape those storms from which the Par liamentary atmosphere has-of late been so remark ably free. That Lord Russell should resume the lead of the Liberal party was not only natural, but certain, under the peculiar circumstances of the moment. Mr. Gladstone's intellect is no doubt of greater range and subtler power than that of any of his colleagues, but, though the man be there, his hour is not yet come. It would have been suicidal to his great hopes were such a man to have caught up the mantle of Lord Palmerston and endeavoured to rule in his stead over colleagues of whom so many are his seniors, educated in far different days, dis tinct in their experience, and distant in their sym pathy. With them he never could have originated a policy or accomplished anything but his own mor tification, the disruption of the Government, and the injury of the party. With Lord Russell the pros pect is different. If he proves successful in his ad ministration, he may fairly look to prolong the vita lity of the Cabinet which has received so rude a shock. If he fail in the task, the Government will fall natu rally, and with dignity, and the party will res)rt, not uncheerfully, for a period, to the Opposition benches. The time for a Gladstone Cabinet is hereafter. When in the post of Leader of the House, and especially of the Opposition, the present Chan cellor of the Exchequer shall have learnt to conci liate and control that supremely difficult assembly —when, on the :luestions of the then day, he shall have distinct and obviously beneficial views of public policy, he may come into office strong, un fettered, and surrounded by many new colleagues, few older than himself, with the firm expectation of achieving great things and satisfying the noble am bition of a statesman. But we have to deal rather with questions of the day than with speculations for the future. The Cabinet of Lord Russell will have to meet a new Parliament in three months from this time. The elections have been undoubtedly very favourable to the Liberal party, and it will remain to be seen whether the Government can permanently command the majority which is pledged to them, and which would certainly follow them into the lobby if any vote of want of confidence were put forward at the beginning of the session. The only certain loss to them is that of those Conservative votes and abstentions which were of late years se invariably accorded to Lord Palmerston. The Opposition will become more compact and strong. They are hungry for office, and will use every tactic known in Parliamentary war. The Irish will be come lapdogs if they are to retain canine affinities, and their " muzzles" will be eagerly removed by those who so lately advocated their retention. The " lateral extension" of the franchise will extend into the most amazingly elastic proposition, and the question will be discovered to have many sides, all capable of extension, and in any direction, so that the voices of those extreme Liberals may be won who do not hesitate to vote for any party that makes them a concession, and who see a benefit in every change. Under these circumstances, and in presence of an extremely active and eager Opposition, the Government will enter on the session with the loss of the great personal popularity of Lord Palmer ston. Lord Russell, though much respected, does not command that universal goodwill so freely accorded to his great predecessor. In the Commons the Cabinet is acknowledged to be weak, and it is precisely in the Commons the absence of Lord Pal merston occurs so conspicuously. Even in the last two sessions, whenever his failing health required him to stay away from the House, the members became almost uncontrollable, and it was only on his return that order and discipline were restored. Though the Chancellor of the Exchequer's powers of mind are acknowledged by all, whether it be that he is too much always right, or whether it be that by some manner of speech he makes the mental infe riority of others too conspicuous, or whether it be one of twenty other reasons, the fact remains that the late House willingly rebelled, and often made proof of a certain unreasoning resentment such as that exemplified in the division on the fire insurance reduction, when, for no valid cause, they put the Government in a minority for the sake of dictating a part of the budget, and depriving Mr. Gladstone of the credit of initiating a measure on which it was quite well understood he had determined. It does not follow that, because this was the case in the late House of Commons, a like conduct will be pursued in the new Parliament. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, in assuming his new position, may chance to find new ways of pleasing, and the young assembly may give evidence of a ready equanimity , and show a willing subordination. .We hope that it may prove to be so. It seems difficult to believe that a great party elected to support a Liberal Go' vernment would hastily throw power into the hands of its political opponents. Nor do we believe that the present Government runs any danger on any great question. The peril lies in those difficulties that crop up almost before one can say whence, they arise: Such an example was the treatment of Lord Palmerston on the famous Conspiracy Bill , which he introduced with success, and which the Tories were pledged to support. The Premier had, however, given offence by an imagined tone of dictatorship to various of his supporters at vari ous times. During the passing of the bill some papers were laid on the table, and in a certain des; patch of the French Government words were found' which some thought ought to have been resented . Mr. Milner Gibson brought forward a motion on the subject. To the amazement of the Conservative° , member after member on the Government side rose to express bitter feeling. The temptation was to o great to be lost. They resolved that very night t° abandon their pledge and to vote against Govern" ment. It was a Friday night. Sir William Hai; ter, who quickly found whither matters were tend' ing, urged Lord Palmerston to arrange the adjournment of the debate, alleging that by 0 ,1 Monday night the insurgents would have returne d to their allegiance. The Premier, stung by a doubl e treachery, refused. The division occurred, and th e Liberals, to their amazement, found that they bad placed the Government in a minority. Individua l regret was plentiful. Each thought he was reveng: ing some real or fancied slight. He had intendca, to show independence and to di s pl ay menac e, but had never for a moment dreamt of turning out the Government. But the deed was done. Such is th e lesson to be learnt by chiefs if they ever fail to con: trol the obedient votes of supporters. Such dane threaten any Government that cannot enforce ch°:, cipline in their party. We arc f ar f rom p re dicting misfortunes to Lord Russell and his Cabinet. The , ' will meet Parliament with a powerful majority pledged to their support, and it will depend up?! themselves to prove that they know how to reta ii l: its confidence. The coming year looms full of P 9l . tical portent. New questions are likely to arise 111 Europe, and we trust that the Government will gi,i proof that the political sagacity of its late chief iv; still guide its counsels; and both at home and abrog' l obtain thelapproval and support which w e r e so freely accorded to Lord Palmerston. COUNTRY MARKETS LIVERPOOL.—FRIDAY. We had a fair attendance of millers and dealers at ol lt r market to-day, and whoat met a fair demand, at rath c dearer prices. Flour firm, and rather in favour of sel ler ; Indian corn very dull, and where sales wore forced 3d. P ° qr. less has been taken for lots ex quay. DERBY—FRIDAY. There was not a large supply of wheat, and with °, 11 : 4 demand, prices were rather higher. Barley of good quail, sold at remunerative rates. Oats met with a steady inq''' . at top prices. Beans ruled firmer, at former quotations - 96 New white wheat, 42s to 458 ; old red, 46s to 50s po„ . ,r stone. Barley for malting, 32s to 33s per qr. ; grioa w r o 27s to 28s per 30 stone. Oat; new, 24s to 265; old, 27 0 44 29s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 48 s t o 50 s; new , 40s to per 38 stone. WAKEFIELD.—FRIDAY a New wheat in short supply ; fi ne p arce l s I s . hi g h e r ; ° 1 held for extreme prices. Fine barley ls. dearer. ala; Averages, October 16—Wh ea t, 3,106 qrs, a t 48s -. barley, 159, at 33s Bid ; oats, —, at Os Od. S TAMP ORD.—FRIDAY. rig A moderate quantity of wheat a t m ar ket. Best s° met with a good inquiry at advancing prices ; other 001 0 0 heavy trade. Barley was irregular in quality ; the tr was tolerably active at quite last week's prices. Oats A f : jr . show at prices in favour of the seller. Beans fully' tained their value, 3t 3 Old white wheat, 46s to 50s ; new do, 44s to 48s porqg ' stone. Barley, maltin g , 32 s t o 34 s • grinding, 27s to 4 ', per. qr. Oats, new, 19 s t o 245 ; o ld, 25s to 27s per 24 at op, Beans, 40s to 48s per 38 stone. Peas as of late. LINCOLN.—FRIDAY. fvo Rather more wheat on offer. Trade healthy, aw l , A 1 sorts were dearer ; w hit e c h ange d h an d s . Ab ou t the 1 1 %, supply of barley ; best sorts made rather more money; ' h i e ferior sorts were difficult t o qu it. O a t s me t w ith a tolorg"or demand at prices in favour of the seller. B eans w ere Ir e ' dear. Peas sold at last week'e currencies. „o 6 Now white wheat, 42s to 48s ; new red, 40s to 43s Pe,'„,f, stone. Barley for malting, 33s to 36s pe r qr ; grin to 29s to 32s per 30 stone. Oats, 20s t o 28 s . B ean s, 3°° 48s per 38 stone. BRISTOL SUGAR.—FRAY. The demand during the week has been good, and A si° Dte , business has been done at full prices to 6d. advance. ,Ic o r finers . Woduce is in better demand, and prices are ra"' dearer. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. a, s. s. d. Holywell Main 2O 0 Carway and Duffryn 0 Cowpen Hartley West Hartley Ships at market, 14; sold, 41 Birth vvii ° BULWEIL—On the 19th inst., at 2, Eat o n- squar e, the - of Lieut.-Col. Buiwer, C. 8., of a daughter. ' vt' BAYLIS.—OR the 19th i ns t., a t P ar k L o d ge, Lower - Thf 0 ing, Surrey, the wife of T. Whit more B a yli s , Esq./ - daughter. aa of WoonmAN.--On th e 19th i ns t ., a t Leo , K en t , the W'- the . Rev. W. H. Woodman, of a son. Marriages. e te, KINGSBURY—FOLKARD.—On the 19th inst., at SL. oL nard's, Streatham, William H. M. Kingsbury, E sc i l the Lancaster-road, Lower Norwood, to Augusta MarY.',l o o.• second daughter of Joseph C. Folkard, Esq., a hill. MANLEy—PRIM.—On the 18th inst., at SS. Phillip Jainos's Church, Ilfracombe, Robert Manley, E'`;4ol Exeter, to Olympia, second daughter of Langrisho Esq, Deaths. ' noswEEE.—On the 17th inst., at 11, A m b r ose-pl ay Worthing, Sussex, Isabella Boswell, aged 91. oa t ' BRINDLEY.—On the 19th inst., at 14, Pelham-cre,", e so . Brompton, the Rol , . R. Brindley, Minister of 0 1 " Congregational Chapel, aged 40. lf; ELSDALE.—On the 17th inst.. a t M ou lt on, LineolnolotZet` E. Elsdaje, late of Bu r li ng t on - gar d ens, London, i 41. surviving son of the lat e R ev. R . El s d a l o, D.D., agedlo,o NORTON.—On the 18th i ns t. , Ell en M ar i a, w if e o f Norton, The Lodgo, Woodbridgo, Suffolk, aged 57. of POCOCR.—On the 18th inst., Jane, the wife of J. Poca e '' 103, Westbourzie-grove. TATE.— On tho 18th inst., William Tato, Esq., 15,1 1 6( ford-square, Bro m pt on , an d 32, Bucklersbury, age' O r io London : Printed and P u bli s h e d by WILLIAM ANDit of No. 112, Str a nd, Punter, at Tim Sox office, ..„ Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the C°ll - October 21, 1865. ~T neck, day as A 81 A Doi Aa Ur Post Mee, Eirvakt poroue like ar eLoh. D° Ye a In For CA] Will how Lon th e tun tatt Capi Ca Ca It E Di RidCiro (Ala, en Jose Co Rdy, Alb t 414,114 On ...._ ~T~ Do wc] e na , th e b %tree SP . Thi s Lun e at 1 , 411 110, Post f. the ROSS --, _