The Sun. — London, England, 1848-10-23 00:00:00

It was imagined some mistake had occurred at Perth, and the secretary was immediately communicated with, and the sorrowing circumstances which compelled her Grace's attendance at Castle Howard. The train was delayed for a short time, in order to have a final answer from the secretary; but the reply was, 'No; the rules of the company could not be departed from. The mail train started with the empty coaches, besides the necessary mail carriage, leaving the Duchess standing upon the platform actually crying. Nothing was left bat to post onwards. She hired a steamer and grossed the ferry on to Edinburgh, which occupied the whole day. By the time her Grace reached Castle Howard the Earl of Carlisle was no more. Her Majesty recently travelled to London on a Sabbath morning, and that fact, so vividly in our remembrance, leads us to presume that her Majesty cannot fail to be indignant at the treat ment her Mistress of the Robes has received at the Lands of the majority of the Scottish Central Railway directors." So that the " Sabbath" is an unfit day for a daughter to visit her dying father! Alt! by the by, we perceive from the wording of the reply given to her Grace's heart-breaking entreaties, that no excep tion is allowed to the rule by which the company have forbidden th emse l ves (for undoubtedly our Lord never forbade them) to carry passengers on a Sunday. Suppoee, then, it had been not the Duchess, but the Earl of Carlisle's physician, who wished to be carried forward on that occasion, what then ? " That is no af fair of ours, doctor—this is the Sabbath, and therefore the Earl must be left to die ; we can send him no medi cal aid on a Sunday." Now, what says our Divine Re deemer to all this very ancient and very damnable cant? (Matthew, xii., 10, 11. 12.) "But he said unto them, what man shall there be among you that shall have one Etheep, and if it fall into a pit on the Sabbath day will he not lay hold on it and lift it out ? How much then is a man better than a sheep ? Wherefore, it is lawful to do well on the Sabbath days." Now, come forth with your railway Christianity, most holy Scottish Central Railway Company—come forth with your fore beads of brass, and if you dare, gainsay here in your Justification the very words of that Divine Teacher on whom you are blasphemous enough to throw the blame of your execrable, unnatural, and monstrous prin ciples. " It is lawful to do well on the Sabbath days." But perhaps it is not " doing well" for a daughter to visit a dying father? Ah! that, undoubtedly, is the point on which these men rely for their excuse. And, again, we cannot work on the Sabbath; therefore it is lawful for the stokers, engineers, and firemen to work the engines and draw the carriages on that day, but unlawful for a lady to sit in one of those carriages and to rest while she is passively borne along. Exactly so: the prohibi tion against work forbids rest. The cook, for example, may labour at the cooking of the dinner, but it is unsab batical to eat it. Brazen and daring hypocrisy—fit shield for the black and brutish hearts to whom it is due —that we may now with truth apply to Lord Carlisle more bitterly even than Tacitus used them of Agricola, those mournful words:—" Paucioribus lacrymis compo aitus es ; et novissima in lace, desideravere aliquid oculi tai." Indeed the paganism and tyranny of Domitian combined, were preferable to such Christianity and such humanity as those of these thorough Pharisees—these unblushing and flagitious hypocrites. High time, in deed, it were, as we have already said, to take from these equally ridiculous and execrable iMpostors the ma nagement of what ought to be a great public convenience; -but in their hands is such a trouble, such an offence, such a scandal, and such a stumbling-block. CHRONICLE.—The arrangement which we have an nounced to be in contemplation, for consolidating into a single body the North- Western,GreatWestern, and South- Westean Railway Companies, is une, the importance of which it is not easy to appreciate, without an extensive and accurate sarvey!of the vast and complicated interests which such a measure involves. That the first announce ment of the scheme should be startling, to some minds, is no more than might be expected; and that an outcry of " monopoly " may be raised, by those who adopt a hasty and superficial impression of it, is by no means im probable. But, if we mistake not, the plan is one which ought to be, and which will be, regarded, by more con siderate minds, under a very di fferent aspect from that which it might have presented a year or two ago. Within the space of the last few months, some new lights have dawned upon the public, not only with re spect to the value and character of railway property, but also as to the effect which its depreciation, if not promptly arrested, must have upon the accommoda tion of those who now reap the advantages of th.o system. That the shareholders will content edly see themselves ruined for the benefit of those who travel by their lines—that they will go on providing the same facilities, the same frequency of trains, the same moderate charges and high rates of speed, while their dividends are dwindling, and their property falling lower and lower in the market—is a 'supposition which few will be so fond as to entertain. The liberal accommodation which, in all these respects, has hitherto been afforded to the public, has been un doubtedly based upon confidence in that high state of prosperity of which, until lately, it seemed not irrational to presume the continuance. But the tide has turned. We do not now enter into the causes, which will furnish matter for a future inquiry ; we only specify the fact. The tide has turned ; and the high and buoyant confi dence which, two yeare ago, discerned in the success of the past nothing but promises of the future, has given place to a distrust which it seems impossible, considering its chronic character, any longer to attribute to mere pa nic. The shareholders inevitably incur the first brunt of the shock ; hut it is evident that there can only be a short interval before its effects will begin to re-act upon the public. Already, the symptoms of contraction are apparent; rumours (well or ill-founded) begin to be heard, of increased fares, a reduced number of trains, and a strict retrenchment of all those superfluities of luxury aid comfort, which have hitherto made railway travel ling in England the beau ideal of locomotion. It will be very easy :o grumble at directors, and to arraign the parsimony of the reformed management. When these measures have been carried into effect, it may be possible to e.es up an agitation through the press, or even in leer linment, against the demands or retractations of the companies; but perhaps it may not he quite so easy to answer the argument with which such complaints will he met—thet the shareholder is justly entitled to a fair return for his investment, and that he has a right I to indemnify himself against the diminution of his proeite by a proportionate enhancement of tee price. 3ueh considerations as these will not, we think, be found irrelevant to a just estimate of the parti cular measure which we have now under review. If economy of management, unity of purpose, and an itnmu nitly from those disasters which unlimited competition has hitherto produced, can be secured by amalgamation —and it seems diffieult to contend that they will not— who may claim the right to interfere ? If the contract ing parties ore willing to be united, who is to forbid the banns? The objection can odly be raised in the name and on the behalf of the public ; and we hold that there is so far an identity of interest between the holders of railway property and the rest of the community, that the loss of the one must speedily operate to the preju dice of the other. The public ,are, in fact, far less concerned in maintaining the name of comploiition—which, so lon g as it is f u r the adv&gage of the parties to combine, can never be anything , but a semblance, "magna nominis um bra"--than in tile adoption of immediate and vigorous Intasures for staying the wreck of that interest in whose well-being and stability their own comfort and recommodation are deeply involved. That the arrange ment now contemplated is a bold and comprehensive one is rather a presumption in its favour than the reverse, to thole who, thoroughly appreciate the present critical position of railway affairs—a predicament which affords no promise of a useful result from any half measures, and whlch is altogether beyond the reach of feeble pal liative?. Until we are informed more specifically of the terms and coeditions of this great confederation, and of the securities under which it is proposed to obtain for it the sanction of Parliament, it would be rash to pro nounce a confident judgment upon its merits but the considerations which we have now suggested may be useful in bespeaking for the project a dispassionate re ception, and in disarming some portion of that short sighted and prejudiced invective which may be raised against it upon its first promulgation. HERALD.—The events that have occurred on the Continent of Europe during the past eight months, and which are daily occurring, ought to teach the wisest humility, and the most travelled and the best-informed among our contemporaries the decorum of a little modeeey—and the tact even of even a temporary and occasional silence. But the Ministerial print, true to its pristine character, is not to be abashed or discomfited or kept in check. Though our contemporary has any day for the last eight months committed the most mon strous blunders in reference to France— though not three, months ago h e proclamod that Gener a l C ava i gnae !. was under the guidance of little M. Thiers, and sure to take, within a little month, that politician into his' councils—though, day by day, and every day since, blutfders as egregious have been perpetrated in refer ence to Italy, to France, and to Germany —yet not even the ridicule of juvenile rivals, or the laughter of the Exchange, can stop the pen of our contemporary, or stay him in the career of his erratic humour. If these were the prancings and curvettings of a young steed, full of &re, blood, and mettle, we could pardon the capers ings of a colt, as yet imperfectly broken in. But no: it is plain we have to deal with a heavy old pack-horse, who fancies, notwithstanding his lumbering gait, he is like the steed of Sir Pertinaz, "Fit for the road, the race, the course." All ground is equal to him. It matters not whether ho ambles on the sandy soil of Prussia—the heavy clay lands of Auetrie--nor the defiles of Hungary, Bohemia, or the Ithetian.A4s.:, He is equally at home—that is to say, equally abroad in each and all of these latitudes. TO drop metaphor—our Ministerial contemporary has in ever oracular Speculation of the last eight months been mistaken, and all his wise saws in reference to the Eu ropean Continent have been airy nothings,nursed in the "Privy' Council Office" of his own brain—he best knows why, and cares most wherefore. Most other persons of any modesty in Europe, with the benefit of knowledge, and with every said and appliance to judgment, confess ibemserves puzzled and amazed by the course of conti nental eaents. But the eelf.assured and unabashed Times alone is enabled to fathom destiny, and to reveal to Em perors end nations their respective fates. In the begin. D ing of last we , ell, for instance, we were to have the Crozi!ian caval.ry bivouacked in the Stephens-Platt at - vi a/ ma—the hcrses of their officers stabled in the cathedral —about the middle of the week the city itself was to be born bardesl—and towards the conclusion of the week a Bo hemian CongreEs again was to set all to rights. But though noise of - these things have come to pass just as predicted, yet our conjoettrporary contentedly goes on and on perorating day_after day as though he were a true pro phet and tether - to a line of seers who sea deeply and learnedly into;tbe future. No knowledge of the country or its history,;:rir the diverse races of which the Austrian empire is composed—no study of its administrative, financial, or - diplomatical system, is now considered in thee Itte4e necessary, it appears by Ministerial news -111 13140te. To them it suffices to say ti thing boldly, posi „~, THE SUN LONDON, MON DAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1849. of public opinion." Such may be the base ideal of a mere trader; but it implies a lamentable dereliction of the sense of public duty and responsibility; or even of the ambition which is the next best stimulus of a public writer. Let the drama " holds the mirror up to nature;" it is very different when the teacher holds tho mirror up to prejudice. And who are the public for whom jour nalism condescends to become a mere " reflex?" Not the great national mind, our country's genius, embodied in its immortal literature. Not the purest and most en lightened spirits of the present day, not the millions, with their throbbing hearts and seething brains, that pro perly constitute the people, the real public. No, only that class which can afford, either in luxury and curio sity, or for the purposes of pecuniary gain and commer cial speculation, to buy a daily newspaper. These mate rials, and these only—limited, prejudiced—sordid—form the image to be reflected by j ourna li sm . A n d so it w ill be, with co small portion of our newspapers, until the work of honest and independent journalism is appre ciated by the people at large, and that appreciation evinced by proportionate support. Men of mind have too readily submitted to be tools ; and they reap their reward. Name them, and hold the rod over them, says the partisan Peer; keep them name less, and make them simply a reflexion of what others think (or think they think), says the great Daily News paper. Thus the fittest training for political knowledge and aptitude is only a road that leads to contempt. A vacant office makes the Minister run over the list of un paid Lords is his family or party connexion. The news paper fellow may serve him as a clerk, perhaps, and be allowed to drudge through the work without emolument or honour. In this there is a certain amount of public aequiesence. It is not censured by reflective journalism. It is the upper class:interest and the middle class syco phancy, not without a leaven of lower class prejudice. Writers must learn more of that self-respect which their position tends so strongly to keep down; and the people must get wise enough to see that only able and:respon sible servants in public offices can save them from pecu lation, plunder, and blunders ; and just enough to insist that, from whatsoever class they come, the qualified labourer shall, exclusively and fully, reap the recom pense of his toils , PUBLICOLA. ourtbWbritton NEWMARKET RACES. (THIS DAY.) (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) (Continued from our Third Edition.) MATCHES. Elegance filly beat Provost filly. Bridle beat Clerk of the Council. Bridle received from Clerk of the Council. Itemembraace beat Gardenia. THE CRITERION STAKES. Nina ... ... ••• ••• ••• Elthiron ... ••• ••• ..• ••• ... 2 Elegance filly ... ... 3 FRANCE. The'French Government appears determined to put an end to the ultra-democratic and Socialist clubs, whose existence is incompatible with good order or public tranquillity, for we find that the Club of Cha ranne, the Club of the Grosse Tete , and the Club of the Acacias, in the Rue Saint Antoine, have been closed by virtue of an ordinance issued from the coun cil chamber. Letters] from Tarbes' announce that the patato dis ease has appeared in the worst form in the department of the Upper Pyrenees. SWITZERLAND. Letters from Berne of the 15th, in the Allgemeine Zeitung of Augsburg, announce the following elec tions to the National Council :—For Berne, MM. Ochsenbein (thrice). Neuhaus (twice), Karlen, Junk, Schneider, Vogel, Kohler, Stockmar, and Pequignot ; for Basle, Dr. !Hatt ; for the Grisons, Latour and Planta ; for Vaud, Blanchenay, Eytel, Veillon, Pittet, Suter Bron, Vittel, Grivaz, and Meysire, all candi dates of the Patriotic Association in Vaud, and Radi cals, according to the Federal Gazette. General Dufour has often:publicly declared that it is impos sible for him to accept an election to the National Council. Lively, strikingly, off-handedly, oracularly, no matter how silly or unsupported the thing said. Yet, if ever there were a question to puzzle the wisest and best-in formed men not merely strangers and foreigners— but men long- accustomed to German rule and well acquainted with the Austrian Chancery, it is this Aus trian system miscalled a Government, but which is really and truly only a Bureauocracy. Undoubtedly that very agreeable man and shrewd politician who is now sojourning among us Metternich —is in the main, though not wholly, accountable for much of the evil which has befallen his country. Though he did not create the system of " Bureaucratic," which flourished to a certain extent under his predecessors— Thugut, Stadion, and Kaunitz—yet he fostered it by every means in his power, and did more to corrupt and degrade the people of the Austrian empire than any of his predecessors. The early sojourn of Metternich in France, during the Consulate, had rendered aim, not merely unscrupulous, but indifferent to all principle. Provided he governed the vast empire committed to him easily and securely, it little mattered to him by what principles or by what mode obedience was secured or submission exacted. Thus, in an empire consisting of six or eight different nationalities, nation was set against nation and race against race. The Milanese were kept in check by troops drawn from Hungary and Transylva nia—the burger of Vienna, by the soldier of Venice, Padua, or Ferrara—the Bohemian, by the Viennese— and the Hungarian by the native of Belluno and Udino. It the Austrian military system was thus vicious and ill-arranged in principle and detail, the police system was a thousand times worse. Vienna, Milan, Prague, and Pesth—nay, even so small a town as Linz—become sinks of treachery and corrup tion. No man or no society was safe. Distrust and snares were sown in social habitudes, and espionnage equally corrupted and defiled public and private life. A lax morality was tolerated, if not encouraged. All crimes were permissible —at least permitted—excepting the crimes of thinking or of talking about social or po litical regeneration. For twenty years, and until the death of the late Emperor Francis, this system stood Metternich in good stead; but ever since 1815 the Aus trian scheme of government has been tumbling to pieces. To govern an empire like a pachalic of Turkey, bounded by countries so civilised as Bavaria and Saxony, was beyond even the police power of a Metternich, and from the very day the ex-Arch Chancellor lent his support to railroads as part of a military scheme, he did more than ever had been done by all the Carbonari of Italy to destroy his own power and to overturn his old system. Notwithstanding all the efforts of his police, the free presses of Leipsie, from the period of railroad traffic, made themselves felt i n Vi enna; an d the burgher f the Graben and Kohlmark I, who in 1828, 1829, and 1830, would only read a cookery or a jest book, from 1842 and 1843 read polical pamphlets, penny magazines, and various treatises touching the rights of sovereigns and the duties of subjects. If this awakening of opinion and intelligence had been under stood and appreciated by the Arch Chancellor—if the propositions made by the Provincial States had been accepted—if the Austrian middle class movement had been guided and directed by the Government and by the Austrian nobility, instead of having been checked and retarded by them—the deplorable excesses of Prague and of Vienna in the present year might have been spared to us, and Austria might have escaped the hor rors which now perhaps await her in a contest of races, To show to what an indefinite extent such a contest may be prolonged we need but cite the following table, show ing how the population of the Austrian empire was composed in 1842: Firstly, 16,791,000 Slavonians, and, namely:- 4,370,000 Bohemians and Moravians. 2,753,000 Slovacks in the north of Hungary. 2,594,000 Servians and Illyrians, in the soath of Hun gary, Dalmatia, &c. 2,341,000 Poles, in Galicia and Austrian Silesia. 1,151,000 Sloventzes, in Styria, Carniolia, Caryn this, Lc. 2,774,000 Russines, er Malo-Ruases, in Galicia and north of Hungary. 801,000 Croats. 7,000 Bulgars. Secondly, of 6,475,000 Germans, and, namely :- 2,750,000 in Austria Proper. 600,000 in Styria. 232,000 in Karynthia. 24,000 in Carniolia. 1,146,000 in Bohemia. 603,000 in Moravia. 93,000 in Galicia. 600,000 in Hungary. 430,000 in Transylvania. Thirdly. 4,028,000 Magyars, as Hungarians, in Hun gary and Transylvania. Fourthly, 2,828,000 Wallachians, in Hungary, Trans syl vania, and the Bukovina. For this table we are indebted to an interesting and timely work by Count Valerian Krasinski," which sheds a welcome light on the Austrian dispute, and which must be considered as the complement of the interesting pam phlet of Andryane, entitled " Austria and seine Zuckuafte." It was the practice of this Austrian Go vernment of Metternich which shut out light at Vienna to tolerate it in Hungary, whose population, according to Gaaffarik, was composed in 1842 of about 3,500,000 Magyars or real Hungarians, and about 6,342,000 Sla vonians. It was the Government of Metternich also which encouraged the Magyars, or Hungarians pro per, to replace the Latin by the use of their own lan.r ' aage, and which subsequentl ) i n d uce d t h e Di et of Croatia to declare itself independent of llun gary. It was the same Government which, for its own short-sighted and selfish purposes, encouraged the massacres of proprietors by peasants in Galicia, and which afterwards permitted the detestable doctrines of Communism to be propagated, in order to create dis sension between proprietor and peasant. If, therefore, the Austrian armies are now threatened with dissolution, and the Austrian territory with a war of races, the fault is in the greatest degree owing to these German politi cians—or rather Government clerks and bureaucrats, who deplorably mistook their vocation, and who ima gined they were governing an empire when they were only vehemently setting its component parts against each other. To divide a people even to distraction, is not to govern them. The destinies of a once mighty nation,are now in the hands of that Providence which rules empires and kingdoms, and which alone, out of disorder, weakness, and confusion, can create unity and strength. ADVERTISER—The railway question has become one of the questions of the day. It now attracts uni versal attention. It is not the shareholders only that are interested in the commercial prosperity of railways the public are also deeply concerned in the matter. Whatever has a tendency to depress the market value of railway property has a tendency to abridge the accom modation which that mode of transit is meant to afford the public. If railway shares are to be run down by Bears in the Stock Exchange, and hostile journals, such as the Times, directors will feel compelled to make their lines more remunerative to the shareholders, with the view of securing their confidence. And as this can only be done by raising the fares, and diminishing the num ber of trains, the public will be the losers. There never was a more groundless panic than that which has existed fur some time past with regard to railway property. What makes the panic more surprising is the fact, that it prevails at a time when all the companies, though molt materially reducing their expenses, are receiving constant accessions to the amount of the traffic on their various lines. So far, too, from projecting new schemes, or incurring new liabilities, the great companies are abandoning the extensions aid branches for which they had obtained their Bills. Calls, it. may be further remarked, aro rapidly approaching their end. They are, each succeeding month, becoming small by degrees and beautifully less. The amount for October was only 1,200,0001., while in the correspond ing month of last year it was 3,700,0001. For the month of November it is supposed the amount of calls will not exceed 700,000/. or 800,00 e/. We are, therefore, doing a service, not only to the shareholders, but to the public, in endeavouring to dissuade the former from parting with their property at present prices. Everywhere mea sures are being adopted to restore it to its legitimate value. The directors are at last beginning to co-operate cordially with the shareholders in a general endeavour to rescue railways from their present difficulties. It is understood that the directors of all the leading compa nies are now busily employed in preparing ample and accurate accounts of the position of their affairs. They are also conveying to their shareholders an assurance of their readiness to adopt any suggestion which may be deemed likely to improve the position of their property. It is gratifying to find that shareholders are pre paring to take advantage of this expressed readiness on the part of directors to receive in a proper spirit any such suggestions. They are at last beginning to arouse themselves. It is high time. They have slumbered too long. Their past apathy is unaccountable. Their pro perty has for more t h an two years been vanishing be fore their eyes, a n d y et t h ey h ave rema i ned as inactive, and seemingly as unconcerned, as if they had had no *nterest in the matter. The depth which the depression in the railway market has now reached has at length awakened them from their torpor, and called them to energetic action. From all parts of th e country we hear of the exertions whichare making to re s t ore rail ways to their original position in the railway market. From Liverpool we have received th e f o ll ow i ng account of what is doin g in that city with this view s—" A large body of influential railway proprietors at Liverpool and other places are getting up a memorial to the direc tors of the London and North-Western and Midland Railways, suggestive of the best means of restoring confidence and remedying th e p resent depression. It is being circulated and signed on the Exchange, andurges on the attention of dir ec t ors t h e followingimportant points:—That the capital accounts shall be closed as soon as possible; that all outstanding accounts of the legal advisers shall be examined and paid off; that the engineering expenses shall be placed on the most econo mical footing; that the expenses at present being in curred in enlarging stations be limited, and that no such further expenses be incurred without the sanction of a majority of the shareholders; also, that no further en gagements, whether contracts for new lines, the Bills of which have been sanctioned by Parliament, and contracts for works not let, be entered into without such sanction; the rates of fare and tolls of all kinds not productive of a fair remuneration to the shareholders for their outlay and risk, be raised at once, and where Parliament has limited the power of raising such rates and tolls, that application be made next session to enable the directors to raise them to a remunerative scale; that the number of trains be reduced as far as practicable; that the ex press trains, except one per day at en increased rate of fare, be taken off, and that first, second, and third class trains be run separately, at a speed in proportion to the amount of fare paid. That the boards of ;.directors be reduced, that one-third retire annually, and that the new directors be proposed by - the proprietors, and not chosen by the board." This paragraph has also appeared in the * Panslavism and Germanism, by Count Valerian Kra *iniki. London. Newby, Mot timer -street. columns of most of our metropolitan contemporaries. It contains some excellent suggestions. If they are promptly adopted by boards of direction, we shall soon see a decided improvement in the market price of all the better class of railway stock. We are enabled to state, though the fact is not generally known, that a great movement is now organizing in Glasgow and the west of Scotland, with the view of restoring railway property to its proper place as one of the marketable securities of the day. The movement has originated with the direc tors of the Glasgow, Ayr, and Kilmarnock Company, who are to set a gcod example to all the other Scotch companies, by publishing a most minute account of the position of their own company's affairs. All the Scotch companies will go and do likewise. The Chairman of the North British, at the meeting of Wednesday, inti mated that he and his brother directors would lose no time in laying before the shareholders the real state of matters. " It is," says that gentleman, " the intention of the directors imme diately to lay before the company a detailed printed statement of all their affairs, not only of their debts and obligations, but a tqclinizes of what the line would cost ultimately when all was completed : they would thus know the state of matters fully." This an nouncement was received with loud applause. It afforded the highest gratification. Let all other chairmen make a similar intimation to the shareholders of their respec tive companies, and we shall, ',before many weeks have elapsed, see the railway property of the country in a very different position from that; in which it is now placed. We had written thus far when we received a statement put forth by the chairman and directors of the Brighton railway. It is a very clear and most satisfac tory document. It shows at a glance the present posi tion and future prospects of the company, and scatters to the winds all the misrepresentations which have been so current of late regarding the affairs of the line. We have no doubt that the other leading companies will be able to present their shareholders with equally satisfac tory statements of their position and prospects. Let them lose no time in doing it. A simultaneous publication of the actual state of matters cannot fail to prove bonefi cial, in the highest degree, to railway property ge nerally. ON THE POSITION OF PUBLIC WRITERS. (From the Weekly Dispatch.) . _ _ . Mr. Editor,—By public writers, I mean writers for the public; that is to say, journalists, writers for news papers, who may themselves, in some cases, be private enough, but whose lucubrations enjoy, by means of the vehicle which conveys them, access to the widest sphere of publicity. This class has been lately assailed by Lord Brougham, and defended by the Times. If the attack be damaging, the defence is much more so. As some times happens in a court of law, the Counsel on both sides concur in the sacrifice of the client. Lord Brougham thinks the anonymous should not be allowed, because it tends to political insubordination; and the Thies replies that the anonymous should be encouraged, because it tends to political submission. Lord Brougham says, that the London papers made the French revolu tion. The Times says, that the London papers have prevented an English revolution. Such are the alleged facts. Now for the philosophy. The connexion of cause and effect is thus traced by the leading journal, whose theory seems to be that the best leading consists in following:—" In London, jour nalism is an anonymous reflex of public opinion. In Paris, it is the open warfare of political champions. The former is still loyal and happy. The latter is revo lutionized and plunged into the lowest depths of misery. Even a child will point at the conclusion." A child may, perhaps; though it must be a very silly little child to point at the non sequitur suggested by the writer. Known or unknown, it was not the writing classes, but the working classes, that made the last French revolution. It was the toiling and the starving people. The press showed no previous anti-monarchical symptoms. Louis Philippe had conquered the press. In the revolution of 1530, eewspapers did something ; as books had done something towards the first revolution. But the present year opened upon a comparatively tamed and harmless press in Paris. The "Political Champions" that wage " warfare " with their journals, were quieted into a decorous or constitutional opposition, as that of the British House of Commons. Their aim was not to expel a dynasty, but to eat a dinner. There was a wide step between the banquet of reform and the bar ricades of revolution. It was the misery of the work people which leaped the gulf between, and pushed over the lagging "Champions." The same thing would have happened had the whole press of France been as anony mous as that of London, and its secrets as impenetrable as the adytum of the Times. That many persons con nected with newspapers were speedily inducted into Oleo is certainly the fact. But why ? Not because they were the authors of the revolution, but because they had evinced, or were thought to have evinced, in the discharge of their functions, the political knowledge, principles, and aptitude whieh qualify for office. In France, it should be remembered, that talent qualifies for office, just as title does in England. They look out for a clever man, as we look out for a Lord. Both to Lord Brougham and the Times, this may seem very e th e e n r s e u . r a a n bl b d e p ; eo u p t such ew c i h ll h is ay th e e " their of ir e way,es p p u e b e l i ic opinion ailyoftih: morning after a revolution. So ,the public writers of France marched into place—greatly shocking our con tending philosophers, one of whom opines that Eng lish journalists ought to be very insignificant, and the other that they actually are very insignificant, although they cannot settle amicably whether this be, or be not, attributable to the practice of anonymous writing. The great reason for the peculiar prevalence of ano nymous newspaper writing is not political, but commer cial. A newspaper implies a capitalist. Not in any nation on the face of the earth is that necessity so stringent as with us. Capital, somewhere, is the condi. tion of anybody's writing for real publicity. Without that, the most accomplished politician in the land can only make the press a medium of confidential cornmuni canons with a select circle. Now, the capitalist does not exist for the sake of the writer. He does not com mit his hard cash to the perils of the mighty deep of newspaper speculation in order that some ready writer may scribble himself into office, like a Parisian sub editor. He wants the writer's help, and ho pays for it , accordingly. Suppose the writer to have a name so bril liant ae to ensure success, the capitalist would be as ready to pay him for writing avowedly, as he now is to pay him for writing anonymously. But this can scarcely happen with a newspaper, because its success requires many other things besides original writing, and for which the moat brilliant writing in the world would be no sufficient substitute. Besides, names of the supposed degree of celebrity fetch too high a price in the market. I wonder what Sir Walter Scott would have asked for his name as a stated contributor to any news paper. Certainly much more than it could eventually have been worth to any newspaper. They can get better served by men who have names to make; aye, and bread to earn. And for such men, the resource is not to be disdained. They have none of the chances of the French journalist, who yet may start his paper without any of the English necessity for cash in his coffers. The English writer must work for the capi talist ;. and so he works anonymously. Nor is the ease materially altered when the writer has independent r means of subsistence, and writes solely for the promul gation of his principles. He will be expected, if a regular contributor, and only so can be be efficient, to conform with the custom. His access to the public is contingent upon the permission of the capitalist, who is entitled, therefore, to prescribe the conditions. The extent to which the Money Power is recognised, not only in English society, but in English law and taxation, is the real reason why anonymous political writing is, and will continue to be the rule, in English newspapers. The evils need scarcely be enumerated. They have become common-places for the debating societies of me chanics' institutions. There is the absence of restraint and responsibility. The writer is free from the common courtesies of civilised life. He may take the positive side of a question in one journal, and the negative in an other. He may denounce his own articles in his place in Parliament. He may publish pamphlets against anonymous writing, after having worked for his purposes every paper in London that would admit his contribu tions. He may tease and worry a Ministry till they give him a place, and then exchange ,the use of the cudgel for the application of the plaister. He may cover with contempt an infant cause whey it most needs help ; and, by a late adhesion, when it is on the eve of success, arrogate the merit of the victory. He may pamper the public appetite for scandal, private or political; and run the risk of embroiling his country with all who are its natural allies abroad, just to gratify the antipathies of an aristocratical, or to serve the interests of a stock jobbing clique. All this, and more, he may do, the re cital of which I spare your senders. But then, argues Lord Brougham, look at the opposit e mischiefs; how many more in the House of Commons, spoke or voted wrong, because they were afraid of Cob hefts Register. And what had the name to do with it? Quite as many, and far more, have spoken or voted wrong, for fear of the Times; Punch, too, is a power in such matters; but Punch is only half anonymous, and lets fly at the mark, which he is sure to hit, with little care for the mask which he so loosely wears. In the present state of English law, custom, and con ventionalism, the anonymous is inevitable. Three of the worst consequences may, however, be much miti gated; these are, the total absence of responsibility, the total subserviency of what is termed public opinion, and the low position to which the writing class is assigned. The total absence of responsibility, so as to render any care for consistency superfluous, may be lessened in various ways. Tho plan of appending writers' names to their articles was tried some years since in Tulpy' s Review, seemingly a more favourable publication for the experiment than a newspaper; but it was soon found that the warfare of critics and authors tended towards that san guinary form which the contributions of known editors has assumed in France. The London Review adopted a middle course, which professedly continues in the West minster—that of requiring the same signature to articles from the same hand. In this way, the production of its ablest writer, the most philosophical of logicians and po litical economists, have often been identified in news papers and other periodicals; and always with satisfac tion to the readers. Your plan, Sir, in some degree varies from this, but is attended with similar advantages. Your historical commentator, your " Caustic," " Censorius," and " Publicola," are almost as much bound by their opi nions and professions, as if they wrote in their own bap tismal names. They retain each their separate identity. They cannot eat their last week's words with impunity; nor " turn about, and wheel about, and jump Jim Crow," in the styl e o f the merely anonymous s l aves o f ca pit a l. Their individ ua li ty i s not merge d , even i n t h a t un ity, or rather that degree of sympathy and concurrence, which it is your editorial business to sustain the journal under yheosutradpipreroctxiio. Somemnationwhsiucchh circumstances this stance w s o a u d h m l affordt t h o e . wards a moral security for consistency. This is better than sinking into what the ?limes ap pears to regard as the natural and fitting condition of au English newspaper, viz., being " au anonymous reflex RUSSIA AND POLAND. - The St. Petersburgh advices of the llamburgh Impartial Correspondent announce that the Russian Cabinet recently expressed a wish to the Court of Austria (couched in the shape of advice), that the latter would, with reference to Italian affairs, enforce the principle of a strict maintenance of existing trea tries. The Russian Government not only deems itself pledged to afford moral as well as material sup port in all the conflicts that may arise from the pre sent complicated stat e o f Eur o pean affairs, but it is said to have made a proposal to the Cabinet of Vienna to adopt the most energetic measures for the pacifica tion of Hungary and Galicia, in the event of the en tire force of Austria being occupied in the south and west. DISTURBANCES IN CEPHALONIA (From the Corfu Government GazeOg.) Early on the morning of the 26th of September about 200 armed countrymen, from the villages of Frangata, Valsamata, and Trojanate, assembled on the road to Cranea, some hundred yards distant from the suburbs of Argostoli, with the intention of en tering the city and destroying the registers, docu ments, and judicial proceedings which are preserved in the Palace of Justice ; and about the same num ber of countrymen assembled in the vicinity of Lixuri. The director of police, having information of these movements, collected about thirty constables on the bridge and in the suburbs, in order to protect the city, but several shots being fired at them, they re tired as the countrymen advanced. The director of local police communicated these circumstance to the Resident, who immediately or dered his palace guard, consisting of a sergeant and eleven soldiers of the 30th Regiment, to accompany him to the entrance of the city. On his arriving there with his guard, the countrymen fired on them, and Sergeant Luke Dunn, seeing their numbers, retired a short distance to the head of the bridge. When they followed him, he ranged his soldiers with great pru dence, and opened a constant fire on them, during which one of his men was killed and three wounded, but as the relief of his guard, consisting of eleven more soldiers, came up, the countrymen dispersed, leaving three dead and four wounded on the road. At Lixuri, the armed countrymen from the vil lages of Anoi and Condogenada obliged the constables to retire from the Palace of Justice, and followed them ; they . were in the act of entering violently into the office in which the archives are situated, when a detachment of fifty men of the 36th Regi ment disembarked from the steamer lonia. This detachment made a forced march towards the Palace of Justice, attacked the rebels, and drove them from the city without any loss of the military. Three of these rebels are well known, and will, no doubt, be very shortly arrested by the police. The fulloWing is the report of Sergeant Luke Dunn, who commanded the little party that followed the Resident : "At the above date, being the sergeant in charge of the Resident's guard, a b ou t s even o'clock A.M . I was ordered by the Resident to make my men loa d their guns and follow him to the bridge, which I did. On arriving there the Resident first went towards a street to the right, then towards another street to the left, passing a church; the guard under my orders continued to follow him. The Resident gave me orders to hold my men ready to fire, which I did, when we arrived at the flank of a vineyard, whence a great number of men came out armed with guns, swords, and other arms. I then, on my own autho rity, made my guard (consisting of myself and eleven men) return again to the bridge and faced the soldiers round. The rebels fired and wounded two men, Pox and Elsom. I then ordered my men to fire in line, which they did, knocking down five or six of the rebels. " The rebels were divided, part on the mole, part on the bridge, and another part on the road opposite th e brid ge . B e i ng now re i n forced by the arrival of the re lief guard from the Resident's, I ordered them, with the assistance of the police, to arrest some of the rebels. All this time the rebels were firing, and we were re turning it. Whilst standing at the head of my p ar ty a ma n se i ze d my b ayone t, and whilst I was strug gling with him he was killed by one of my soldiers, and at the same time I saw one of my soldiers, Daniel M‘Namara, brought to the ground by a gunshot, and James Ledwell badly wounded. Balls passed through the chaco of James Madden, as also through his drawers and the sleeve of his coat, and his arm was slightly wounded. A ball also passed through the chaco of C or p ora l R o b e rts. A few minutes after th e arrival of the relief guard, which consisted of twelve men, the rebels retired, carrying off their killed and wounded. They did not fire on the police, but directed their whole fi re aga i n st the military, crying ou t, Soldiers, go to your barracks,' and endeavouring to make us go by the opposite road, instead of by the bridge, whence we came." A GRAND JURYMAN ACTING WHILE IN A FIT OF APOPLExY.—W bile Mr. John Yearsley, ironmonger, of North-street, was acting as foreman of the grand jury at the Lewes Sessions, on Tuesday morning, he was sud denly seized with a fitgof apoplexy. In order to allow the rest of the jury to proceed with the business, he was removed to the large room in which they sat, where he lay during the day attended by a sur geon, who expected every minute to see his pa tient depart this life. In the evening he rallied, and was removed by his wife and relatives (who had been sent fur) to a bed room in Mr. Cowper's residence, at the back of the County Hall. ➢lr. Yearsley passed a very restless night; but on the following morning he had re covered sufficiently to ask a variety of questions, indi cating that he bad no recollection whatever of what had passed subsequently Iv the uttuck.—,Brighton Gazette. IMPORTANT QUESTION RE LATING TO BETTING SECURITIES. THE BILLIARD MATCH BETWEEN THE INLY" MOUTH STAR AND CHARLEY HicxmAN.—ln the City Sheriffs' Court on Friday, before Mr. Commis sioner Bullock, thz., , ;residing 'Judge,, an action was brought by a Mr. Levy, well known in the sporting world, against a person of the name of Barlow, to recover the sum of Si., being the amount of an I 0 TJ given by the defendans to the plaintiff, for the amount of a bet won by the plaintiff of the defendant on a game of billiards played by third parties. Mr. King, an attorney, who appeared for the defendant, said he would save the time of the Court by admttting the facts, as the objections he had to make went only to the legality of the ,transaction. Plaintiff's attorney —" Then you admit the bet was made, and that the defendant gave the I 0 U ?" Mr. King—" Yes ; I only go upon the question of illegality." The Learned Judge requested that the facts admitted should be stated. Mr. King, on the part of the defendant, admitted the bet was lost to the plaintiff by the defendant on the occasion of a grand match at billiards for 50/. aside at the Cross Keys:Hotel, Gracechurch- street, on the 10th of August last, between the Weymouth Star and Charles Hickman, well known billiard players, and for which the defendant gave the plain tiff his U, which, having been dishonoured, the present action was brought. Mr. King contended that the plaintiff must be nonsuited, as the transac tion was illegal, and that an 1 U, which was in the nature of a promissory note given as security for the payment of a bet or wager, whether at a game of skill or chance, was null and void under the statute of the 9th Anne, cap. 14, sec. 1, and in support of that view cited the case of Sigell v. Gebb, 3 Starkie, in Harrison's Digest. The plaintiff:s attorney said that the statute clearly referred to bets above 101., and exempted those under that sum. Mr. King said that was not so ; the present action was on an I 0 U, given as security for a bet which was clearly null and void by the statute, and the law was rendered more clear by the Bth and 9th Victoria, cap. 109, sec. 18, which expressly enacted that the contracts or agreements, whether by parole or in writing, by way of gaming or wager, should be null and void, and that no suit should be brought or maintained in any court of equity for recovering any sum of money, or valu able thing alleged to be won upon a wager, or which should have been deposited in the hands of any per son to abide the event on which any wager should hare been made, that being the express law, and clearly applicable to the present case, he (Mr. King), on the part of the defendant, submitted that the plain tiff must be nonsuited. The plaintiff's attorney said there could be no doubt the intention of the Legis lature was to confine the Act to cases above 101. The Learned Judge, on looking at the Act and the case cited, said that no sum whatever was mentioned in the Act, and that he was clearly of opinion that it was intended to apply to all securities given for bets at wagers, or games of skill, or chance, of which bil liards came within its meaning, without regard to the amount, he was, therefore, of opinion the plaintiff must be nonsuited. Judgment of nonsuit was entered accordingly. It was stated that there was a number of other cases arising out of bets made under similar circum stances upon the game, dependent upon the above decision. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD, OCT. 21.—BRASENOSE —Two fellow ships are now vacant, which will be filled up in the course of the present term :- 1. One of the original foundation of the college, for natives of the ancient diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, the electors having regard in their choice to the preference given by the statutes, in the first degree, to natives of Prescot and Presthury ; and, in the,second, to natives of the counties of Lancaster and Chester. 2. One of the foundation of Brian Iligden, for natives of the county of York. Graduates of the University of Oxford under eight years' standing are eligible. Candidates are required to exhibit to the Principal on or before Saturday, the 11 th of November, certi ficates of the locality of their birth, together with the usual college testimonials, and the certificates of their marticulation. The Camden Professor of Ancient History will begin on Tuesday next, at 1 o'clock, a course of lec tures on the Romans of the second century, and in Britain; consisting of dissertaions on their manners, finance, jurisprudence, public works, &c., and on the introduction of Christianity into Britain. The lec tures will be delivered in St. Albans hall on Tues. days, Thursdays, and Saturdays, and a re f re e of ad mission to members of the University. Those gen tlemen who wish to attend are requested to leave their names at the Professor's house in St. Alban's-hall, on Monday next, between the hours of 12 and 2. The meetings of the A shmolean Society, for the present term, will be held on Mondays, Nov. • and 20, and on Monday, Dec. 4. BODEN SANSCRIT SCHOLARSHIP. The examination fur the purpose of electing a Sanscrit Scholar on the foundation of Colonel Roden, will take place in the Clarendon, on Thursday, Nov. 23, at ten o'clock. The scholarships are open to all matriculated members of the colleges and halls in Oxford, who shall not, on the day of election, have exceeded their twenty-fifth year, and who shall produce a satisfactory proof of their age, and a written permission to offer themselves as candidates, signed by the Head or Vice-Gerent of their respec tive colleges or halls. Candidates are requested to call on the Baden Professor of Sanscrit, on or before Tuesday, Nov. 21. F. C. PLUMPTRE, Vice-Chancellor. ETON COLLEGE. OCTOBER 21.—The examination of the candidates for the prize of 501., instituted by his Royal Highness Prince Albert in 1841, for the promotion of the study of modern languages, which commenced on Monday last, terminated this morning, and the result was announced this afternoon in the tipper School by the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey, the Head•master. The following were the examiners selected by the Provost and the Head-masters : In French—M. C. J. Delille, professor at Christ's Hospital, In German—Herr A. i'Ventzer, of King's College, London. In Italian—Dr. E. Conneau, physician to Prince Louis Napoleon. The French tors), M. Tarver master — (21 competi :p_rizes were a nnounced to be awarded as follows First prizeman .. Lord Grey de Wilton. Second prizeman.. Currie. e u r e t edt The six next b est were—Arbuthnot, ma., Chap inan, }'osbury 6l L an c ib oip tnone, competitors), Mr. and Pullen. German master — First Prizeman ... Phillips. Second prizeman ... Egerton. The five next best were—Lambton, ma., Mr. Jocelyn, Mitford, mi., Lefevre, and Mitford, ma. Italian (five competitors), Signor Sinebaldi, master : First prizeman James K. S. Second prizeman ... Mr. Vernon. The three next best were—Snow, mi., Rowe, and Snow, ma. His Royal Highness's prize of 501. was thus divided 'amongst the successful candidates : To each of the three first prizemen in French, German, and Italian, 101.; and to each of the second prize men, 51., the respective amounts being presented in books selected by the Provost and Head-master. The remaining Si. were awarded (also in books) to Lambton, ma., who had, amongst the unsuccessful competitors for the first and second prizes, made the greatest proficiency in two (French and German) out of the three languages in which the examinations had taken place. The result of the examinations was forwarded to his Royal Highness Prince Albert, at Windsor Castle, this afternoon, by the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey, the Head Master. THE RECENT ACCIDENT ON THE SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY.—CANTERBURY, SUNDAY.—Nothing has yes been done towards replacing the bridge over the river Stour, which was forced down during the progress of a luggage train over it on Friday, in consequence o f th e waters not having sufficiently subsided. Owing to the ac tivity already displayed by the contractors of the line, it is expected that they will be able to-morrow to finish a foot path fer passengers. If that can be accomplished,. th e inconvenience of having to get out of the train and ride upwards of three miles round the country will b e avoided. The engine still remains imbedded in the field, bottom upwards, where it fell, and the whole of the broken vans have not been removed ; but the directors entertain sangnine hopes s that during 'rues day or Wednesday the bridge will he replaced an d the line re-opened. On Saturday a minute examina tion was made to ascertain the precise cause of the occurrence, which completely satisfied the officials of the line that the excessive floods, and they alone, had occasioned the mischief. The water had ascended to such a height as to enter the apertures b e t ween the supports of the arch on either side, and having was h ed away the mortar and cement of the uprights, had so weakened the structure, that it was unable to bear the weight of any train. Two passengers' trains, however, had passed over it shortly before the luggage train was due. NORTH AMERICAN MAILS.—The steam-ship, Hi bernia, Captain Shannon, with the usual mails, de parted from Liverpool on Saturday afternoon for Hali fax and Boston. The homeward mails, by the steam • ship America, Captain Leitch, which would leave New York on the 11th and Halifax on the 14th hist may be expected to arrive in the Mers e y i n t h e course of to day or to-morrow. CARRIcz roR A HARE!—A gentleman in Ayr lately received a present of a hare from the district of Carrick, of the goodly weight of Nibs. 2oz. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. BOW-STREET. On Saturday Henry Grant Robinson, a young man of respectable appearance, was charged with em bezzling several small sums of money, the property of his employer. George Bowden, a bookbinder, of 1, Little Queen street, Holborn, said the prisoner was in his service as ehoptnan, and it was his duty to keep accounts and receive money. On Monday week he directed the prisoner to go to the shop of Mr. Gladwell, an artists' colourman, in Gracechurch-street, to receive the sum of 11. Ms. 5d., which was due to him. The prisoner left for the purpose, and on his return said it was not convenient fox Mr. Gladwell to pay then. Witness went the following day for an explanation, and then saw Mrs. Gladwell, who gave him a receipt for the amount in the prisoner's handwriting. The prisoner never accounted to him for the money. Henry Gladwell, son of Mr. Gladwell, of Grace church-street, proved that he saw his mother pay the money to the prisoner, who gave her the receipt pro duced. -7 121;re was a second charge against the prisoner, of obtaining money from Mr. Davy, an artists' colour man, of 83, Newman-street, Oxford-street. It appeared that the prisoner called on him on the 15th or 16th of August, for the payment of a little account due. Mr. Davy told him, as there was a per contra account, for goods delivered to Mr. Bow den, he would be obliged by having a general ac count made out, on receiving which he would settle. The prisoner called again the following day and re ceived from Mr. Davy 11. 17s. 9d., for which he gave him an acknowledgment, now produced. Mr. Bowden declared he had never received the amount in ques tion, and the prisoner, who reserved his defence, was committed for trial. MARLBOROUGH-STREET. On Saturday John Donovan was finally examined before Mr. Hardwick, on charges of having embezzled various sums of money belonging to his master, Mr. David Hams, tobacconist, 193; Oxford-street, to whom 115 had been for some time errand-boy. Mr. Davis, grocer, 5, Porchester.terrace, Bays water, proved having paid him three several sums of money, and produced receipts for cash in the pri soner's handwriting, and he was fully committed for trial in each case. MARYLERONE. On Saturday Jeremiah Tibbetts, a carpenter, was charged with having committed a burglary at the residence of Mr. Edward Gee, Kentish-town. It appeared from the evidence that Mrs. Gee hav ing been alarmed in the middle of the night by a noise in the lower part of the house, called a policeman who was passing, to assist her in examining the house. In the back kitchen it was discovered that a pane of glass had been removed, and the sash opened. Fur ther search was made, and the prisoner was then found in the water-closet of the adjoining house. A quantity of cigars and a plated candlestick, belonging to Mr. Gee, was picked up close to where the priso ner had concealed himself. Some wine and brandy had also been removed from the house. The prisoner was taken into custody, and it appeared that he had lately been employed as a journeyman carpenter in Mr. Gee's house. The prisoner, who had nothing to say in his defence, was committed for trial. CLERKEN WELL. On Saturday Sarah Bishop, and her sister Ann May, were charged on suspicion of causing the death of Harriet, the daughter of the latter. Sergeant Harris, No. 17 E, who had an hour pre viously apprehended the prisoners, said that he had seen the body of the deceased, who appeared to have arrived at the age of three years. The marks of vio lence on its body had induced him to have it examined by a medical man. Mr. A. M'Gill, of No. 1, Argyll-place, St. Pan cras, deposed that the prisoners lodged in his house for the last 20 weeks. He had from time to time heard dreadful cries from the children of Mrs. May. On Wednesday last, in particular, he listened to the feeble groans of a child, whom he believed to be the deceased. Mrs. May had seven children. Saw the deceased last about three weeks ago. The door of the room occupied by the prisoners and their family had been since kept fastened. They were very distressed, and he supposed that the cries arose from hunger. Two months ago he applied to Mrs. May for rent,and they were in absolute want of food, with which he in stantly supplied them. Her husband was formerly a respectable tradesman in Little Coram street, but had deserted them, and was, he believed, in America. Other witnesses corrobnrated this evidence. Mr. Popham, surgeon, said that he had made a post mortens examination of the deceased, who had died from the effects of violence. There were several distinct marks of blows on its head; for instance, one on the temple, one on the crown, and two at the back thereof. Both collar-bones had been fractured, and had united from natural chance. That dreadful injury, however, must have occurr e d some cons id era bl e t i m e back. Mr. TYEWHITT—What was the immediate cause of death ? Witness—A. rupture of one of the large blood• vessels on the brain. Mr. TYRWIIITT—Can you form any opinion in refer ence to the manner by which those injuries were in flicted ? Witness—Blows on the head would do so without fracturing the skull. Found the prisoners and children in a state of starvation, and without a vestige of furniture. Death could not have resulted from the effects of a fall. There were other injuries of a serious character at the bottom of the abdomen. Deceased had probably died within two hours after she had received the injury he had before described. The prisoner Mtiy, In her defence, stated that at one o'clock on Wednesday last, her sister, Mrs. Bishop, came to her while she was working at Mrs. Turner's, 6, Weston-place, and informed her that her child Harriet had had a fit, and at eight o'clock in the evening of the same day she came to her again, and told her that it was dead. She knew no more about the unhappy occurrence. The prisoner Bishop, by the advice of the magistrate, made no defence, and they were both remanded until after the inquest. LAMBE TH. On Saturday Thcanas ; Donovan, a one-legged vagrant, was charged before the Hon. G. C. Norton with breaking two squares of plate glass, of the value of 81., the property of Mr. Fox, an upholsterer, carrying on business in Church-street, Camberwell. Mr. Fox stated that on the preceding night, while in his shop, he saw the prisoner deliberately break two large squares of plate glas-i with his crutch, and he, in consequence, gave him into custody. The prisoner, in reply to the charge, said he had committed the offence through distress and being refused admission into the union workhouse, and also that he might be sent to prison. Mr. NORTON —And did it not occur to you that you might attain the same object by breaking a square of glass of the value of Is. or ls. 6d. as by wilfully destroying property to the amount of 81. or 9/. ? Prisoner—l did not know what to do. Mr. NORTON—WeII, I consider your conduct so scandalous, that I shall commit you for trial. On referring to the law on the subject, his Worship found that when the property destroyed was repre sented to exceed the value of 51., there was no power to commit for trial or punish the party by a summary conviction. Mr. Fox then stated the property to be of the no minal value of 51., though, he said, it would cost him twice that amount to replace the glss. Mr. NORTON said he should, under the circum stances, sentence the prisoner to the most severe punishment in his power, and that was, to order him to pay the sum of a, or, in default, to stand com mitted to prison for two months. Mr. Fox inquired from Mr. Norton if there were no means by which he could be remunerated for his severe loss? Mr. NORTON said that he knew of none except by a public subscription. There was one thing, how ever, which he wished to recommend to him, Mr. Fox, and other respectable trades en in the district who were sufferers by the same pra etice of window breaking, and that was, to set about obtaining such an alteration in the law as would prot€ et valuable pro perty of this description, or at least subject those destroying it to a trial and severe punishment. On the occasion of the Portland Vase being destroyed at the British Museum, the law was fours d to be so de fective for the protection of valuable pi •operty that at that time it was amended, but the att tendment, un fortunately, only extended to works of art. A further alteration was necessary, to extend to the protection of valuable property like plate-glass, and to accomplish this, he should recommend Mr. Fox and other suf ferers to wait upon the Members for e borough of Lambeth, who, he had no doubt, would vssist them in obtaining the protection so necessary for. the preser vation of their property. Mr. Fox said he should certainly act up on the-sug gestion, and, having thanked his worsidp for his kindness, left the court. SOUTHWARK. On Saturday, two lads, named Sullivan a n d Donald, were charged with stealing a silk pockere-handker chief fr om the pocket of a gentleman named Sherland, while passing St. Thomas's Hospital. A City police-officer, named Hayden, stat ed that in consequence of the numerous robberies Vi dlich had taken place lately on London-bridge, by .a daring gang of young pickpockets, he had been dii7ected to watch the neighbourhood in plain clothes. In the present case, he had seen the prisoner Dona.'d take the handkerchief from the complainant, and v, 'bile in the act of passing it to his companion, witnessa ecured them. A mob immediately gathered round, and a rescue was attempted, but Mr. Sherland assisi,ed him, and with much difficulty the prisoners were tak en to the station. The MAGISTRATE sentenced the prisoners, to a month's impriionrnent, with hard labour, and, to be privately whipped. Mr. Sherlaud said he considered there vials".muc4l inefficiency on the part of the police of this division. Not a constable was to be met with all the way from the railway terminus to the station, and but for the activity of the policeman Hayden the prisoners wou have escaped. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, SUNDAY.—The Revision Commit tee left this port yesterday morning for the Admi ralty, accompanied by Captain Chads, C. 8., of the Excellent. Yesterday being the anniversary of the battle of. Trafalgar, the Victory was decorated with flowers and evergreens, and the men served with extra fare. The usual commemoration dinner took place in the ward room in the evening. A number of the el4e of this port and neighbourhood paid congratulatory visits to the Commander. the Hon. Sir Bladen Capel, yesterday in honour of the day, in which he took so glorious a part. A brilliant circle dined with him in the evening. Captain Martin, of the Prince Regent, 951, at Spit head, also gave a Trafalgar dinner to a party of naval officers. The Reynard steam-schooner, Commander Cracroft, and the Stromboli steam•sloop, Commander lord Aurelius Beauclerk, are ordered to complete for sea • with all dispatch. The Reynard, when ready, ►ill have a trial of speed with the Plumper, a similar vessel. The Rifleman steam-schooner, Lieutenant- Commander Crofton, and the Sharpshooter iron schooner, Lieutenant-Commander Bailey, will also be tried together at the back of the Wight by Captain „ Austin in a few days. The Tweed, 18, Commander Lord Francis Russell, arrived at St. Michael's on the 23d ult., from Cork, and sailed for Rio on the 26th. The Helena, 10, Commander de Courcy, arrived at Madeira from Cork, on the 28th ult., ex route to the - West Indies. The Favourite, 14, Commander Murray, sailed from St. Helena on the 25th of August, to cruise on . the,west coast of Africa. The Encounter screw steam-sloop is ordered .to be brought forward for commission as soon as possible.' The Devastation steam-sloop is ordered to be fitted as an advance steamer immediately to join Captain Austin's squadron. By a private letter, dated St. Helena, August 19, received from Lieutenant Charles Oakes Hall, we learn that the noted slave ship Polka was taken prize by the Penelope steam-ship, the Siren being insight, off the Mayumba, coast of Africa, and was taken into St. Helena by the above named gentleman.—D e e on ... port Independent. SHIPS AND VESSELS TO BE COMMISSIONED.--The Superb, 80 guns, on her way from the Mediterranean to England to be paid off, will, it is reported, on ac count of the ship being in a condition so much in accordance with her name, be almost immediately re commissioned. The Amazon 19-gun corvette, at Devonport ; the Daph ne 18- gun corvette, at Chatham; the Orestes 18-gun corvette, and the Sappho, 16-gun sloop, at Portsmouth, ar e a ll or d ere d to be masted, rigged, stored, and elsewise prepared for immediate reception of their officers and erews. The Growler steam-sloop will also be shortly put in commission at Portsmouth. APPOINTMENTS. Master—P. Wellington, late of the Belvidere and Adventure, to the Caledonia, vice Roberts. Mate—J. W. Watson to the Caledonia. Assistant-Surgeons—Thomas John Breen to the Rifleman ; John W. Cleave to the Bramble, in the Ea4t Indies. Midshipman—Edward Field to the Victory, at Portsmouth. Master's Assistant—G. A. C. Brooker to the Medina, steam vessel. Acting Boatswain—Charles Blackadone to the Illustrious. THE PRINCE REGENT. —This splendid man-of-war, at Spithead, has, we believe, realised by her per• formances more than was expected of her ; and now it is determined to give this 2,600 tons ship the arma ment which the nearly 3,100 tons ship, the Albion, was designed to carry, but failed to take. The Prince Regent is to have throughout 8-inch guns (68- pounders) on the lower deck, of 55 cwt. each; long 32-pounders, of 56 cwt. each, on the main deck ; and long 32's, of 42 cwt each, on the quarter-deck and forecastle. This will give her a single broadside power of throwing 2,0481b5. of shot. Engaged on both sides, her destructive power would be 4,0961b5. at each discharge of her guns. She will then be nearly equal to the three•decker Queen in weight of broadside metal. At present she is very well and efficiently manned; with her heavier armament she will, perhaps, have another company of Marine Artillery. GOOD SERVICE WARRANT.—At gength we are enabled to have the gratification of announcing that this boon, which has for some time past,- been enjoyed by the army, will immediately,.. , be brought into force in the navy and marines . We hope to be enabl e d i n our next num b er to gite full particulars of this desirable arrangement, which, we feel assured, will give universal satisfaction. Much as the regulation will enhance the condition of the petty officers and seamen, it will confer that re ward on the non-commissioned officers and privates of the marines which has been so long withheld from. them ; and they will be placed on an equality with the seamen with regard to their provisions.--,Mutiad Standard. PLYMOUTH, OCT. 21.—Rear-Admiral Sir John Louis, Admiral-Superintendent, struck his flog yes terday morning, on six days' leave of absence. Her Majesty's brig Ferret, 8, is ordered to be fitted. -, for commission, to proceed to the coast of Africa. It is probable that the Seagull, which went ashore on the German Rock, will be put out of commission in consequence of general defects. The south dock in the Devoupo r t Yard is to be filled with rubble. This dock was intended to be taken into the new basin, but the order has been countermanded. The south dock is one of the oldest in the yard, having been built in the reign of William and Mary. The Hermes steamer, with supernumeraries for Portsmouth, started a second time on Thursday night. 34/ Superannuations.—Six shipwrights, at 1141. ; one, at four lab ourers, at ; seven smiths, at 20/. one sailmaker, 241.; sawyer 1SI.; two oar makers, and one . The Finance Committee (Lords of the Admiralty) will be here on Friday next, the 27th of October. The Cork Steam - ship,Cornpany's steam-ship Preus- richer Adler, Captain Tooker, from London, passed about noon yesterday, 20 milts east of the Start, the ' • American packet-ship Northumberland, bating up Channel from New York, for London. BOTHWAT'S BLOCKS.—The trial of the 20-inch block manufactured on the plan of Mr. Bothway, against the 26-inch service block, took place this day (Friday) in the Testing House of the dockyard, in the presence of Captain Carter, her Majesty's ship Caledonia ; Captain Sir Thomas Maitland, her Ma jesty's ship San Josef; Mr. Henderson, master at tendant ; and other principal officers of the dockyard. The object of this trial was to ascertain whether a 20-inch block, iron-strapped internally, would stand a strain equal to that of a 2C-inch block, iron bound in the ordinary way adopted in her Majesty's service, and to ascertain the strain at which each of the blocks would be rendered unserviceable. The 20-inch block was first submitted to the test, when the hook gave way to a pressure of 19 tons; the shackle was then applied to the block, and at a strain of tiOf tons the tackling gave way, but the block was uninjured, excepting that the middle shiver, over which the rope broke, it was found did not travel. The 26-inch block was then put to the test; the hook broke at 42 tons, thus showing a superiority equal to 22 tons over the antagonistic block ; the block, how ever, gave way at a pressure of 27 tons only, givingan advantage to B o th way ' s bl oc k o f 23h tons . The result of this trial ma y b e f a i r l y state d to b e i n favour of Mr. Bothway's block, but the superiority of tin block is much detracted from in the weakness of the hook. This is to be remedied by h aving heavier metal, but then one of the points (;"" superiority, lightness, would be considerably sacri ficed. On the whole, however, we think Mr. Both way has the advantage, his block is more compac and if the necessary i ncrease i n t h e s i ze of the b o ok does not add materially to its weight, is cer tainly to be preferred. The Government blocs weighed 6 cwt. 1 qr. 18 lb., the length of pin inches, diameter 2 inches, deflection after trial of an inch. The weight of Bothway's block, 2 cwt. 1 €1 . 1 :. A trial w as su b sequent l y ma d e on a 20 -i nc h bloF 1 ;► the largest use d i n th e serv i ce . Th e h oo k o f thiswent at 26 ton s , a n d the bl oc k at 21 t ons . Th e weight 2 cwt. 3 qr. 'l7 lb., length of pin 191 inches , . deflecti on a f ter trial is of an inch.—Devonpar t Ttlegruph. WOOLWICH, OCT. 21.—The Teazer steam-vess el .. was commissioned to-day at this port by Li eu tenant Commander S e l we y n , and the oth e r officers and crew of the Myrmidon have been turned over to her. Lieutenant Neewt, 1 sergeant and 14 privates, the latter all mechanics, embarked yesterday for a Pas sage to the Island of Ascension. _g e ? l One sergeant, 2 corporals, and 20 p r i va tes, of Woolwich division of R o y a l M ar i nes , ernbarkil yesterday on board the Fi sgar d f r i ga t e , f or s ervice 1 that vessel. BIRTHS. On the 15th inst., the lady of R. J. Dobree, Esq., of Rot terdam, of a daughter. On the 19th inst., at Stratford-green, Essex, Mrs. IL G' Layard, of a daughter. DIED. f At St. Servan, F ra n ce , on the 2d inst., Major Hawke r, Stll —r" Veteran Battalion, formerly in the 12th Dragoons. On the 10th inst., at Charmouth, Dorset, aged 62,,W• -: :' I Maling, Major, half-pay Royal Artillery. , On the 14th inst., at Brighton, 'l'. Tuck, Esq., aged 73 ' iy.' ''' On the 18th inst., at Hemmingf o rd- T illas, Londo n, Austin, Esq., of Ceylon, aged 37. F London: Printed and Published by 141URDO YOUNG , ,T . No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun 01E4: No. 11 '; ttrand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county oi aliddleiez, Monday, October 23,1845.