The Sun. — London, England, 1865-08-04 00:00:00

THE UNITED STATES. (From the Times Correspondent.) SARATOGA, July 21. Unless the statements which are issued every day concerning the health of Mr. Davis are very false, it is not likely that he will remain much longer a cause of contention among the Northern people. His health is said to be fast failing, and the rigorous nature of his imprisonment daily reduces his chances of re covery. He is not allowed to see any one, except the man who brings him his food, and occasionally a doctor. All books are denied him, except the Bible, and he is not permitted to receive letters, or to write any, even to his own counsel. A sentinel is stationed in his room, so the papers say, and one informant states, with the attention to details which is characteristic of his class, that the prisoner does nothing but smoke, that he " combs his hair regu larly, that he eats little, and sleeps pretty soundly." Particulars such as these seem to be received with approbation by the public, for as the time of Mr. Davis's trial draws nearer the interest which is felt in its result increases. It was thought that by post poning the event public opinion in the North would soften towards Davis, bat there is no indication of such a change ; on the contrary, circumstances are a l wa ys occurring which strengthen th e genera l de sire to see the heaviest of punishments fall upon his head. Nothing will satisfy a very large portion of the people but Mr. Davis's life. Even the most mo derate men express a feeling of anxiety lest the Go vernment should be contented with his banishment. This eager craving for vengeance on an individual, notwithstanding the awful visitation which has fallen upon the entire South, and which might seem enough to appease the demands of the most vindictive, may appear very reprehensible to the people in England, but it is not so unreasonable as it looks at a distance. Not only can it be ex plained, but justified ; it does not arise from party passion, but from the remembrance of deeds which are more horrible than the English public can have any idea of, and it is constantly fed by new proofs of barbarity perpetrated upon Federal prisoners. If there is any bitterness entertained by the Northern people towards the South—and very rarely indeed have I seen evidences of it—it springs from the same cause which makes. them talk of Davis as of a being scarcely human. That cause is the incredible and infamous treatment which the Northern captured soldiers received in Southern prisons. The evidence upon which the charges of cruelty rest is overwhelming and unanswerable. A Sanitary Commission was appointed by the Government to inquire into the circumstances, and the members of it examined a great many men who had been pri soners in the South, some of whom were at death's door when they told their story. The testimony has been published by official sanction, and photo graphs of a few of the prisoners are prefixed to the narrative. Photographs do not lie, and these pic tures of living skeletons, covered with horrible sores and wounds, speak for themselves. But still more paniful witnesses against the prisons of the South are to be met with in almost every village in the presence of poor young fellows who have returned in a state of idiocy, or paralysed, or eaten up with set.rvy. A wretched object was pointed out to me the other day. There were still the traces of a robust and strong man about him, but he was physically a wreck, and his mind was utterly gone. When it is considered that at Andersonville the Confederates put the Northern prisoners on a piece of land without even a tent to cover them, that a tropical sun beat down upon their heads, and that they had not food enough given them to keep a dog alive, it cannot cause surprise that mind and body alike broke down. It is a fact, and au awful one to realise, that around that prison field of Anders)nville 15,000 Northern soldiers,. taken captive, lie buried. Fever and star vation laid them all low. In the regular prisons, where at least shelter from heat or cold was pro vided, the men were huddled together, so that it was almost impossible to breathe in the rooms. When they went to the windows to . get a little fresh air they were shot down from outside by the senti nels. This crime is proved to have been committed in scores of cases. The evidence, as I have said, is before the world ; the Southern leaders do not at tempt to contradict it. They only say they did as well as they could, and all one's wishes and hopes would lead one to believe them. But here again, unfortunately, the evidence is too strong in disproof of their words. At. Libby, close to Davis's house, the prisoners were literally starving. Their friends in the North heard of this, and sent them boxes of provisions. These boxes were stored in sheds directly in front of the prison, so that the men could see them from their windows, but the authoritiesrefused to distribute them. The prisoners died from hunger in the sight of plenty. The Southern defence is that this was a retaliatory measure, used becaused there had been a complaint about the treatment of South ern men in the North. But it is proved beyond all doubt—and every Confederate soldier, private or officer, who is questioned on this subject admits it —that in the Northern prisons no distinction what ever was made between Federal and Confederate ; both were carefully looked after, and always had proper clothing and food. When a Northern prisoner was carried South it was common to strip him of every trinket he pos sessed, and in many instances to take his clothes from him. " They even took our coats from us," deposed Franklin Dismore, of the Bth Tennessee Cavalry, " and part of us had to lie there on the floor in our shirt sleeves." And the same man stated—his words being confirmed by numerous others --"many a man just fell dead walking round trying to keep himself warm, or as he was lying on the floor died during the night; and if you looked out of a window a sentinel would shoot you. They shot some five or six of our boys who were looking out." Colonel Dahlgren was shot at a window in this way and buried naked. A man who saw the body swore that the little finger was cut off in order to get at a ring which Colonel Dahlgren had worn upon it. A doctor who had seen upwards of 6,000 paroled men stated that they were all in a half famished condition when they came to him, and the lightest diet was almost too much for them at first. The grief in bereaved families for those who fell in battle is slight compared with that which is felt by mothers who know that their sons perished slowly and miserably of hunger and disease. " It is very easy for you Englishmen to talk about mercy and forgiveness," said a lady, talking of this subject, " but bow would you have felt towards the Russians if they had starved and murdered 15,000 of your soldiers in one prison ?" It is this feeling which ex tends through every class of society in the North. To condemn it without wei g hing the circumstances which produce it i s to do less than justiceto a people who are ready to shake hands with every Southern man, and to help him with money, provided he was not a leader among them. As a body the Northern people are impatient to be friends with the South. It is only against the leaders that they b ear an i mo- . sity, and it is chiefly c on centrated upon the h ea d o f lived within a stone's th row of Libby Davis ; for he Prison, whence the cor p ses of starved men were daily carried out in large numbers. It may be asked, did Davis or General Lee know of the man ner in which Southern prisoners were treated? The North believe they did, and, therefore, as I have said, the cry for their lives , however repulsive it may sound, is not a cry raised witho ut provocation. It is notthe wild clamour of a mob ; and it is so far deep and general that I believe the Government will have to resist the whole force of public opinion in the North if Mr. Davis is to save his life. " If," says a writer who truly reflects the views of the people on this subject, " General Lee had been de termined not to have prisoners starved or abused, does any one doubt that he could have prevented these thin". ? Nobody doubts it." And so of Davis : —" The chief of a so-called Confederacy who could calmly consider among his official documents incen diary plots for the secret destruction of ships, hotels, and cities full of peaceable people is a chief well worthy to preside over such cruelties ; but his only just title is President of Assassins, and the whole civilised world should make common cause against such a miscreant." I do not know whether this argument and this language will be deemed conclu sive or satisfactory in England ; they are certainly held to be so hdre, and, after all, it is in America that Mr. Davis is to be tried. His friends Might see a worse fate befall him than his death in Fortress Monroe. A m ong innumerable other circumstances which denote the state of extreme poverty into which the South has fallen is the appearance of favourite watering-places at this season of the year. Sara toga is one of the towns which in former years was half filled with families who came from the South to escape the heat and fevers of summer. There is now not a single Southern man or woman in it, and only the presence of visitors from the Northern cities saves the place from being quite deserted. Of all the mineral springs in the country this at Saratoga is accounted the best, and it is the chief inducement for people to come to the spot. There is one picturesque drive to a lake, where little children and others can look at trout swimming in a pond, and afterwards eat fried potatoes, which is thought to be a very rare and choice dish in these parts. The people turn out from the large hotels—the best of them, the "United States," was burnt down before the season began—and drink the water, looking rather unhappy and discontented afterwards, but professing to derive great benefit from it. Afterwards they have no resource but to lounge about the verandahs, or that " chamber of horrors" which is known in American hotels as the " ladies' parlour," and which always realises a stranger's wildest idea of cheerless ness and discomfort. The Americans like it, but a foreigner requires to be educated up to that mark. The standard amusement among the men is the game of " faro," played at a very sumptuousgaming-house here, the manager of which discoursed very plea santly to me the other night concerning what he was pleased to call his " profession." He seemed to be not a little exalted at the recollection of his career, and took occasion to lament the war in very splen did language, as having deprived him of some of his best customers. This was altogether a very impos ing man, and, like everybody else, an intense poli tician. In these " crack" American gaming -houses the greatest extravagance characterises all the ar rangements, a supper being provided for the visi tors free of expense, and everything done that is possible to inspire them with a patient love of " faro." There is also a theatre at Saratoga, with scenery and every requisite for a dramatic performance, except actma. There were performers, but no actors. Here, too, there is a church and a newspaper. This exhausts the list of attractions at Saratoga. Time would hang heavily with the visitors if they were all English people ; but they are very sociable and friendly among each other and to strangers, inter mingling with great freedom and unconstraint, and not above amusing themselves by dancing at the close of the day. The charm of a visit to Sara toga to inhabitants of New York must partly con sist in the journey thither. The journey up the beautiful and ever-varied Hudson, in a steamer which is as large as an English hotel, and much more luxuriously fitted up, is in itself worth the trouble of getting at the springs. From Albany, a thriving place with all the outward appearance of a pleasant English country town, the way is less pleasant, as the abominable railway cars, with their crowds of tobacco chewers and gossips whom no one can suppress, have to be resorted to. Newport and Saratoga are the two most popular haunts of the well-to-do ho!iday maker, Niagara being usually visited only in a very hurried manner. People stay there long enough to get wet through and change their clothes, and then they return home. Naval and Military Intelligence. The Victoria and Albert Royal yacht, Capt. the Prince Leiningen, arrived off Cowes yesterday from Pembroke with Prince Arthur. The Prince landed and proceeded to Osborne. The paddlewheel yacht Black Eagle (tender to the flagship Fisgard), Staff-Commander. Whinier, is under orders to leave Woolwich this morning at daybreak for Portsmouth and Osborne to ship the carriages and baggage of her Majesty and suite, and proceed to Antwerp. The Channel fleet, under the command of Rear- Admiral Sir S. C. Dacres, will proceed to Cherbourg on the 14th inst. The Royal Sovereigu, turret ship, Capt. Herbert, will join the fleet, which, it is expected, will be accompanied by the Enchantress, Admiralty yacht, with some of the Lords of the Admiralty, and the Orontes, Capt. Eire, for the special use and accommodation of officers of the navy and army, and probably another troopship for the members of the Houses of Parliament. Her Majesty's iron troopship Dromedary, Master Commander Allard, and the steam storeship Fox, Staff-Commander Moriarty, yesterday went into basin at Woolwich and commenced shipping stores for various stations. The chartered troopship Hydaspcs, under prepa ration for the transport of the A brigade, Royal Horse Artillery, Col. the Hon. E. T. Gage, tolndia, yesterday shipped a portion of the guns, baggage, &c., in the Victoria Docks, and will proceed in a few days to Gravesend, to be in readiness to embark her troops, so as to take her departure on the 10th inst. Her troop accommodation and the sanitary arrange ments of the ship have been inspected, on behalf of the War Department, by Deputy Assist.-Quarter master-Gen. Capt. Nangte, R.N., and the Medical Staff at Woolwich, and have been pronounced excel lent. The Mariner, 12, one of the sailing ships attached to the reserve at Chatham, has been disposed of by the Admiralty to Capt. F. M. M'Ulintock, and has been removed from the harbour to the Thames. The Sovereign of India, Capt. Scott, arrived at Spithead yesterday morning, with 67 military inva lids and time-expired men from various regiments at Hongkong and the Cape ; those from the former place under the command of Capt. Johnson, R.A., and those from the latter under the command of Lieut. Bell, 81st Regiment. They will disembark this morning. The invalids will be forwarded to the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, and the time-ex pired men to the depots of their respective regiments. The ship also brought home Mr. Clement Hertzee, master, from the Grasshopper, on promotion ; Assist.-Sorg. Birch, Euryalus ; Messrs. Derrick, M'lntyre, Roberts, and Deane, engineers, from ship in China, and 149 sailors and marines (invalids). The latter were removed by Government steamer to the Victory, flagship, in Portsmouth harbour, the severe cases being sent to the Royal Hospital, Hasla:. Two military and six naval deaths occurred on the voyage. The Sovereign of India has made a quick passage to England. She left Hong Kong on the 12th of April, arrived at Simon's Bay on the 2d of June, left again on the 14th, passed St. Helena on the 24th, and called at Ascension on the Ist of July. An Admiralty order was received at Chatham Dockyard yesterday, notifying the retirement of Dr. W. Gunn, for many years Staff Surgeon at that establishment, with honorary rank of Deputy-In spector- Gen. of Hospitals. Ile is succeeded at the dockyard by Staff-Surg. J. King. The same order also announces the appointment of Dr. Alexander Armstrong as Deputy-Inspector-Gen. at Melville Naval Hospital, Chatham, succeeding Dr. C. R. Kinnear, who has retired through ill health. Yesterday the 12-ton 300-pounder Armstrong which ironclad frigat e B e ll erop h on , 16, 1,000-horse po wer , purposes, gun orexperimental o n s k es, a w r d by a 7 shed at C hatham and Porter's steam traction w. y i engines, m and deposited alongside the slip i n n' theofribgoaaterdis. The gun u i n n wifireadibneespslafeoerd in being hoisted the battery on e r n i mtehnet ordered to main deck, s where it will be used in tite on be undertaken with Mr. Reed's invention for work in ordnance of this description. Owing to a flaw having been discovered in the gun, it will, after the trials have been made with it, be returned to the Royal gun factory. The headquarters of the Ist battalion, 14th Regi ment, commanded by Col. Budd, marched into Portsmouth last evening from Aldershott, and oc cupied the Clarence Barracks, lately vacated by the 26th Cameronians. The 67th Regiment completed their embarcation, and the regimental baggage was shipped yesterday, on board the Orontes, Capt. 11. W. Hire. They comprise —Col. Ingall, commanding ; Col. Luard, Capts. Carter, Hunter, Gilpin, Cubitt, Hughes, and Sharp; Lieuts. Dundas, Hall, Reade, Brown, War ing, Corbett, Hathway, and Greame, Ensigns Boughey, Wodehouse, Rogers, Laws, Todd, Ferris, THE SUIT, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENIAG, AUGUST 4, 1865 Gaskell, and Bennett; Surg.-Major Ewing, Quar termaster Gamble, 560 rank and file, 2 officers' ladies, 78 soldiers' wives, and 146 children. The left wing, under the command of Col. Luard, and com prising 10 officers and 273 men, will disembark at Plymouth, and the headquarters, under command of Col. Ingall, comprising 19 officers and 373 men, will proceed to Pembroke. To that place a detach ment had already been sent by railway to form the guard ',of honour on the visit of H.R.H. Prince Arthur. On the disembarkation of the troops at Pembroke the Orontes will return to Dover and em bark the 73d Regiment for Ireland, after which, ac cording to present arrangements, she will repair to Spithead, and probably accompany the Channel squadron to Cherbourg. The Orontes left Ports mouth harbour last evening. Col. W. R. Maxwell, commanding the Woolwich division of Royal Marine Lightlnfantry, left Wool wich yesterday on a month's leave of absence. Col. G. Lambrick, 2d commandant, will take command of the division in the interval. Lieut.-Col. Louis and Capt. Harris have likewise obtained leave of absence from the division. The gentlemen cadets of the Royal Military Aca demy at Woolwich will reassemble to-day at the close of their midsummer vacation, and will recom mence the duties of the academy on the following morning. The Diplomatic Service. Lord Russell having seen occasion, after an expe rience of nearly three years, to revise the regulations for the examination of the Attaches in her Majesty's Diplomatic Service which were issued on Sept. 15, 1862, has deemed it advisable to amend those regu lations, and to lay down in lieu thereof the following regulations, which will take effect from the present date. Lord Russell considers it proper that the junior members of the Diplomatic Service should prove their competency in all cases, in two examinations by the Civil Service Commissioners. In the first examination, which candidates for at tacheships must be prepared to undergo within three months from the date of their nomination, they must satisfy the examiners in regard to the following points : " 1. Orthography ; 2, Handwriting ; 3, General intelli gence ; 4, Précis writing ; 5, That they are well grounded in Latin grammar, and are able to construe and parse a portion of some good classical Latin author, and to give the derivation of words ;* 6, That they are acquainted with the first four rules of arithmetic and decimal fractions, as given with examples in Colenso's arithmetic, and with the first book of "Euclid ;" 7, That they have a general knowledge of geography ; 8, That they have a general knowledge of French grammar, and can translately correctly from French into English; 9, That they have a general knowledge of German grammar; 10, That they have a general knowledge of the constitutional history of England, to be acquired from " Blackstone's Commentaries" (Key's edition, 1862), and " Hallam's Constitutional History of England;" 11, That they have a general knowledge of the political his tory of Europe, and of the United States of North America from the Treaty of Paris, in 1815, to the Treaty of Villa franca, in 1860, comprising an acquaintance with the most important international transactions during that period." In a second examination, which must be under gone in the interval between the grant of a com mission as third secretary and that of a commission as Second Secretary, candidates will be exempted from re-examination in the Ist, 2d, sth, 6th, 7th, and 10th subjects in which they have passed in their previous examination ; but they must satisfy the examiners in regard to the following points : " 1. General intelligence, as evinced by the manner in which they acquit themselves, and specifically by the quickness they may show in seizing the points in papers read by them, or read over to them, once or twice ; 2, Precis writing ; 3, That they have a general knowledge of French grammar, that they can converse fluently in that language on ordinary topics, and can translate cor rectly from English into French, as well as from French into English ; 4, That they have a general knowledge of German Grammar, and can translate correctly from German into English ; or if the candidates, between their first and second examinations, have not resided a reasonable time, 12 months, for instance, in Germany, they may, if they desire to substitute in their second examination, for a ge neral knowledge of German grammar, and for correct trans lation from German into English, the same qualifications in some other foreign language besides French ; 5. That they have a general knowledge of the political history of Europe, and of the United States of North America, from the Treaty of Versailles, in 1783, to the Treaty of Villafranca, in 1860, comprising the most important international transactions during that period ; 6. That they have a general know ledge of political economy, to be acquired from Adam Smith's " Wealth of Nations" and Mill's " Political Eco nomy ;" 7, That they have a general knowledge of mari time and international law, to be acquired from " Vette]," " Wheaton's Elements of International Law," and the first volume of " Kent's Commentaries ;" 8, They must satisfy the examiners, by submitting to them a general report on the commerce of the several countries in which they have resided, and on their political relations with other countries, that they are competent to draw up such a re port; and they must be prepared to answer any questions put to them by the examiners, within the limits of such report." Candidates for attach6ships, on presenting them selves for examination must have completed the 21st year of their age, and not exceeded the 26th, Foreign-office, July 17. * Candidates who have passed the first public examination in classics at one of the Universities in Great Britain or Ire land will be exempted from tieing examined in Latin ; but candidates claiming this exemption must, on going up for examination, exhibit to the Civil Service Commissioners a certificate from the duly constituted authorities, examiners, or others, as the case may be, in such University that they have passed the first public examination in classics in what ever manner that examination may have been conducted, and to whatever point directed. Mr. Gale's Gunpowder. --,,C, A correspondent in the Times says—The account which appeared in your columns on Thursday last of experiments with Mr. Gale's gunpowder, and more especially the closing paragraph of that ac count, distinctly convey the idea that the making gunpowder non-explosive on Mr. Gale's plan is original. It may interest your readers to know that the system was not merely " vaguely ima gined," but actually tried on a large scale, by M. Piobert, the well-known French writer on gunpow der, in 1835, and by M. Fadeieff, Professor of Chemistry at St. Petersburg, between 1840 and '44. Some of the results of these researches will be found in Piobert's Traite D'Artillerie, The'orique et Expe i - rimentale, pages 213 to 220, and in the Comptes Rendus of the Academie des Sciences, vol. x., p. 1320, and vol. xxiii., p. 1,148. Nor is it a fact that the substances used for this purpose were, " by their ready absorption of damp, entirely unsuited for the end in view." Sand, it is true, was used by Pio bert, but sand in a pure state. The silica of the laboratory is not an absorbent body ; while it would probably be found by experience that finely pow dered glass would become absorbent, since it is well known that glass does become alkaline in course of time. But Piobert used other substances, which he preferred, partly because the gritty nature of sand presented an element of danger. He found that any of the constituents of gunpowder finely ground met the required end, and of the three he preferred salt petre, as being the one which gave experimentally the best results. M. Fadeieff tried a variety of sub stances, and ultimately gave the priority to a mix ture of wood charcoal and mineral charcoal (graphite) ; and among other advantages of this " carbo-graphite" he claims for it that of being un affected by moisture. ("La presence de l'humidite n'aNre en rien ses proprietes.") So much for the substances employed. Let us now see if the principle of M. Piobert's plan was the same as that of the plan now advo cated by Mr. Gale. It is necessary here to explain briefly the action of fired gunpowder. Gunpowder does not, as is often supposed, explode instantaneously on being ignited ; it burns rapidly, it is true, but progressively, and its degree of ex plosiveness depends mainly upon the rapidity of that burning. Evidently, then, anything which tends to diminish its rapidity of burning tends also to diminish its explosiveness. Now, the rapidity of burning is enormously influenced by the facility to expansion of the gases generated by the first ignited grains. The requisite facility is afforded in ordinary gunpowder by breaking it into grains, and so creat ing a number of interstices, dependent for their size and extent upon the size and shape of the grains, through which the gas can readily wind its way. Now, if there interstices are filled up with a foreign substance, and the completeness with which, so to speak, the pores of the powder are closed, so must the rapidity of burning of the powder, and hence its explosiveness, be diminished. If enough of the substance be added, as in Mr. Gale's mixture, each grain being then actually shut out and separated from its neighbour, the powder cannot burn at all, and the result described in your columns follows. Piobert's experiments showed that the powdered substances need not even be non-combustible ; on the contrary, sulphur, charcoal, and saltpetre give better results than sand ; indeed, finely powdered gunpowder introduced between the grains will itself materially retard inflammation, and it is well known that mealed or dust powder burns less rapidly than granulated powder, from this cause ; and, similarily, the explosiveness of powder which has become dusty is much diminished. Where, then,, is the difference between Mr. Gale's system and that of MM. Piobert and Fadeieff? The one used powdered glass, the others employed various powdered substances more or less suitable. The Englishman adds rather more of his glass, and so prevents his powder from burning at all ; the Frenchman added as much as he thought necessary to diminish the rapidity of burning to the point which sufficed to deprive the action of the powder of its dangerous explosive character ; and, instead of employing 3 to 1 or 4 to subject. lengthy extracts The re f e r fromen references Piobert's whic h I 1, like M r . G a l e, used only 1 to 2. I must not ven t ure to trespass upon your space withupon this workh v e given will be sufficient for such of your readers as may care to inquire further into this matter. I have no wish to detract from Mr. Gale's merits, but palmam qui meruit ferat. Nor do I wish to pronounce an unfavourable opinion as to the practical value of the plan ; indeed, in the absence of experiments on a much more com plete and extended scale than those which have yet taken place with Mr. Gale's powder, it would be unfair to do so ; but it should be noticed that the objection which you refer to on the score of increase of bulk is by no means the only one which pre sents itself. For example, the shooting quality of the powder will of course depend upon the com pleteness with which the sifting process is performed; and here we have at once a serious element of un certainty, the extent of which in these' days of ac curate shooting will be readily appreciated. Then, again, it is a question if the glass will not destroy inia.great measure the glaze and surface of powder, thus materially altering its character. The mixing and sifting process will always be attended with more or less danger ; and it is questionable to what extent the mixture would remain complete in trans port, and in proportion as the powder becomes un mixed, so does it become more explosive, and our fancied security, by inducing us to dispense with precautions, might actually lead to the serious con sequences which Mr. Gale seeks to avert. Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, The Cholera in Turkey, CONSTANTINOPLE, July 26. The sole engrossing topic in this capital at the present time is the cholera—in fact, all over the Le vant great excitement exists as this much dreaded scourge extends its fatal march. As you are aware, it has been raging some time in Egypt, particularly in Alexandria, to such an extent that a regular panic seized the inhabitants of that city, and all who possessed the means fled from the place, the Viceroy being the first to set the example. Steamers were chartered by the affrighted residents at fabu lous prices to carry them from the reach of the dreaded malady ; many fled to Europe, others to different places in the Levant, thus being the means in many instances of spreading the disease. At Smyrna it has made its appearance, principally among the Jewish population ; there, as in Alexan dria, a regular stampedo has taken place, the inka bitants fleeing in all directions, in many cases leaving their dead unburied. Business in conse quence is almost entirely suspended. Here, also, it has undoubtedly broken out, notwithstanding the quarantine regulations imposed upon all ships from suspected ports, which regulations were broken by a Government steamer arriving from Alexandria having several cases of cholera on board, the captain and surgeon making a false declaration that the crew were healthy. The men afflicted were landed and put in the hospital at the arsenal, and thence the fatal disease has spread and is gradually ex panding itself over the capital and villages in the neighbourhood. The official report published yes terday states that lBO cases came under the cog nisance of the Medical Board. In the face of this, many independent medical men with whom I have spoken are still of opinion that it has not yet as sumed the type of veritable cholera, but only an ag gravated form of cholerine, which more or less exists at this season, caused by the heat and the too free . use of cucumbers, raw fruits, and other unwhole some food. Whatever it is, there is no doubt the destroying angel is among us, and such is the excite ment of the public mind that it would take very little to produce among the nervous and excitable Le vantine population as disastrous a panic as that which has recently taken place in Alexandria. Now that the enemy is in the camp the authorities have commenced to bestir themselves, but it would, indeed, require an Herculean army to cleanse this Augean stable. It is surprising that cholera and plague are not chronic in this place. Were it not that nature is so bountiful in its gifts of pure air, and many other blessings, which this capital enjoys far above any other place in the world, all the plagues which afflict the world would hold here high festival. But how sadly is this bounty of Providence abused by those for whose benefit it is provided, and no advantage taken of the means at its disposal to render this the most healthy and loveliest spot in creation ! Now, however, the cholera has made its appearance they have been seized with a sudden fit of spasmodic energy, which vents itself in all sorts of stupid and ridiculous regulations, many of which tend to produce unnecessary alarm, and others to aggravate the evil. Among others the quarantine regulations which at first (when caution was neces sary) were lax to a degree, suspected vessels being allowed to anchor in the crowded harbour and hold communication with the shore by means of back sheesh, now that the disease is really here, are car ried out with extreme severity. All vessels from suspected ports are stopped at the Dardanelles, which is a good arrangement, but the authorities have made no arrangements to provide for the re ception or requirements of the crowds detained there, and the stories which reach this place of the suffer ing and misery of the unfortunate creatures is fear ful ; and I have no doubt that through some other channels you will be made acquainted with some of the horrors of this cruelly organised quarantine. Many of the ships detained there are crowded with passengers who had only provided food sufficient for the voyage, not reckoning the detention, and are, consequently, dying of starvation ; others are crammed into the filthy crowded Lazaretto, and are dying from suffocation and bad air. Guarded by an armed force, who prevent all egress, as a matter of course the cholera has broken out amongst them, and there is no telling where it will end, as every case entails an extension of quarantine. If these reports are true--and I believe they are to a great extent—it is disgraceful for a Government calling itself civilised. In the capital and villages of the Bos phorus the sale of nearly all kinds of vegetables, fruit, fish, and other articles of food has been pro hibited, and hundreds of poor people, who depend upon the sale of these things for a livelihood, are likely to be ruined. It is a question if such arbitrary steps are perfectly justifiable; in any other city in Europe it would be left to the good sense of the people to refrain from injurious food, with a proper supervision that nothing in an un wholesome state was exposed for sale ; but here they make no distinction, and it is not rare to see baskets full of fresh vegetables seized by the cavasses and tumbled into the Bosphorus or into the streets. Of course, as soon as their backs are turned a regular scramble takes place for the booty, and many a youngster gets hold of a cucumber which he would not have been able to buy. One village on the Bosphorus, called the Yeni keni, has suffered so severely that all the principal inhabitants have quitted it, and the steamboats calling there have a place kept apart on the deck for the passengers embarking. The Viceroy, who left Egypt to escape the disease, is staying in Con stantinople. If that was his object he has not gained much ; only jumped from the frying-pan into the fire, as by the last statements I see the cholera has nearly disappeared from Alexandria. I understand he has established a military cordon around his palace, and no one is allowed to approach him. Business of all kinds is suffering from the quaran tine regulations and the excitement of the public mind. Communications between us and other Turkish ports is very irregular and uncertain. In fact, the whole commerce of the place is disorganised, and there is no telling what would be the conse quence if the disease increases. • CARRIER PIGEONS.--A gentleman residing in the metropolis sent seven carrier pigeons down to Plymouth last week, with a desire to test their powers, and they were started at 18 minutes after seven on Saturday morning. The first birds reached home at seven minutes past two on Saturday afternoon. [ADTERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills. — Useful Knowledge. —The successful treatment of the great mass of disease is not so great a mystery as many may sup pose. Purify the blood, cleanse the liver and stomach, and the absorbent system will immediately right itself. Hol loway's remedies effect this object most satisfactorily and completely. Both medicaments may be beneficially used by the most inexperienced, under whose care the very worst of cases will progress favourably and terminate hap pily by using Holloway's celebrated remedies according to the instructions wrapped round each pot and box. These renowned remedies cure all disorders of the kidneys aad bowels, and will be found superior to all other means for mitigating the sufferings of those unfortunately afflicted by incurable maladies. The Archaeological Institute. The meeting of the members of this Institute at Dorchester commenced on Tuesday last ; the local committee having actively engaged themselves for some months previously in providing a programme which cannot fail to be of interest to the lovers of antiquity in this and other counties. The inaugural meeting was held in the Guildhall on Tuesday after noon, under the presidency of the Marquis Camden, who was supported on the platform by Lord N eaves, the Bishop of Salisbury, Mr. Beresford Hope, M.P., Mr. R. B. Sheridan, M.P., Professor Willis, Mr. T. Bond, F.S.A., Sir W. Myddleton, Mr. J. Floy er, M.P., Dr. Aldridge (Mayor of Dorchester), Mr. J. Burt, Colonel Pinney, Rev. C. W. Bingham, Mr. H. Russell, M.P., Lord Enniskillen, &c. The meeting having been briefly opened by the President, The MAvon, on his own behalf, and on the part of the aldermen and burgesses of the borough, begged to present to each and every member of their most honourable institute the most grateful and cor dial welcome of this ancient borough. The Bishop of SALISBURY, in his own name, and on behalf of the clergy and laity of the diocese, echoed the feelings expressed by the Mayor, and which represented the pleasure generally felt by the inhabitants of Dorset at the visit of the Institute. Without speaking of theologians or their interest in ecclesiastical architecture, in which' the clergy all felt specially interested, they all knew how very much they were indebted to those who had helped to preseyve the records of the past, and to throw all the light they could to guide others through the difficulties of the present. He did not wish by any means to say they were desirous of reproducing the past, but while they were endeavouring to forward the interests of the present, and to make every ad vancement in knowledge, they should not forget what they owed to their predecessors, and how much they had gained from their past experience. His lordship, in the name of the clergy and laity of the diocese, conveyed to the society their good wishes and cordial expressions of welcome, and to assure the society they felt a desire to co-operate in any of the engagements which the Institute might be en abled to make in this county. (Applause.) Mr. FLOYER, M.P., said he might be allowed to tender more especially on the part of the laity of the county their expression of welcome on this the first visit of the Institute to Dorset. It was true that if this society had come to visit them in the earlier years of its existence there would have been some little misgiving as to its object, and he should have felt a little hesitation, perhaps, in drawing their attention to some of the buildings to which he had alluded. (Laughter.) He was happy to say that through the large-heartedness and munificence of a Dorset gentleman, and, he might say, the hearty concurrence of the people of the county, these build iUgs were now in a condition that did honour to their noble founders, and he might trust they were worthy of the county they Adorned. He looked forward to a pleasant and successful meeting, and felt assured the inhabitants of the county would de rive a great amount of valuable information from the visits of the society. Mr. R. B. SHERIDAN, M.P., also returned thanks on the part of the inhabitants of the town. Mr. BERESFORD HOPE, M.P., said he appeared before the meeting rather dusty and rather unkempt, and felt assured he cut an uncouth figure—some thing between a sportsman and a geologist on a voy age of discovery. (Laughter.) He had been placed upon the platform to speak in a room he had never seen before, in a town that was entirely strange to him, and to an auditory among whom he saw many new, but he thought kind and friendly faces. Being naturally shy, and not prone to mix in society, he threw himself upon the compassion of his hearers in his unpleasant predicament. (Laughter.) But he had been ordered by Mr. Tucker, Mr. Burt, Mr. Bingham, and other great magnates of ar chaeology, before whom he had been accustomed to prostrate himself with awe and reverence, to appear ibefore the meeting that day. (Laughter.) He thought it was coming into something like Fairy ' land when he entered the county of Dorset. After having enjoyed a long excursion on the Great Western line, which had landed him only an hour too late—he said that to the credit of that mag nificent company—(laughter)—he came amid the igreen fields of Dorset, the swelling hill-tops, the moors, the waving plantations of fir and oak, with the beautiful green meadows intervening. Then, on entering the town of Dorchester, with its ave nues of majestic trees, and its many objects of an tiquarian interest which were entirely new to the archaeologist, he felt sure that the congress of 1865 would be one which would be attended with very great profit and success. The Marquis CAMDEN expressed his regret, and he was sure the meeting would join with him, that the chair had not that day been occupied by the noble lord whom it was originally intended should have filled that honourable position—the late Earl of Ilchester. The advantages which would have been gained by the experience of a president who was so conversant with all parts of the county must be obvious to all, but after the lamented death of Lord Ilchester he had been called upon to preside at that meeting, and he assured them he would en deavour to do so to the best of his ability. (Cheers.) The Rev. C. W. BINGHAM, rector of Melcombe Horsey, then proceeded to read an introductory sketch of the antiquities of the county, which was full of interest, and was listened to with marked attention by the audience. A party was afterwards formed to visit the chief features of interest in the town, and the temporary museum, which is stocked with a magnificent collec tion of antiquities found in the county, was for mally opened in the evening. At 9 p.m the even ing meeting was held at the Town-hall, when Mr. J. H. Parker read an interesting paper on " The Early Christian Churches of Rome." On Wednesday the morning meeting commenced at 10.30, under the presidency of the Marquis Cam den, supported by an eminent party of gentlemen connected with the Institute. The Rev. W. Barnes, the " Dorset poet," read a paper on " Ancient Dorset ;" the Rev. Professor Willis next read a paper on " Sherborne Abbey Church ;" and Mr. 'f. Bond, F.S.A., on " Corfe Castle." In the after noon an excursion was made to Maiden Castle, near many of the chief features of interest were pointed l e eie r d ,. RA w aet h usvB e . n a numerous party attended, and Austen W. lci ctn when, , Barnes. i, h e papers Romans o h m e waenrse evening ienadp meetingobrset Dorset," ,e, Mr. Horace 11. Mouk on " Thomas r ;O y er." Doc?noemtdrvcbm. b b yjyee an. t ,he THE PEMBERTON FAMILY. Edited by the author of "Margaret and her 'Bridesmaids." 3 vols.—'4 This is an admirable novel, as pure and noble in motive and moral as it is interesting and affecting as a story of life, and its sor rows, temptations, and retributions. The delicate and re fined taste, the unexaggerated simplicity of style, united with dignity and propriety of expression, and the fervour and pathos which marked the former works of this lady, are all recognisable in The Pemberton Family.'"—Post. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The middle-aged Englishman is fainiliar by experience, and all ofus are familiar by tradition, with the phenomena which attended the emancipation of our own slaves in the West India Colonies, the significance of which 30 years of freedom have done very little to diminish. The practical results of the change were by no means encouraging. The nation washed its hands of a foul stain ; it relieved its con science from a heavy load of self-accusation, to which no answer could be returned ; it tried to compensate, and succeeded in ruining, the great West India interest ; and it has dismissed the sub ject from its thoughts ever since, as something of which it is not exactly ashamed, but in which it feels no great reason to triumph. We reaped as we had sown. It is curious that one of the most practical evils which a state of slavery leaves behind it is a faulty association of ideas. We have taught the slave to connect labour for another so insepa rably with compulsion and degradation, that his mind refuses to entertain the idea that labour for another on terms freely agreed upon can be an hon ourable and legitimate occupation for a free man. According to our experience, once relieved from compulsion, the idea that takes possession of the negro is, not the necessity of labouring for his sub sistence, but the happiness of living without labour altogether. He views himself, not as one destined to live by his own exertions under modified condi tions, but rather as put in the place of his master, whom he looked up to and admired as one whose privilege it was to live without any labour at all. This invincible disposition to idleness, this determi nation to do anything rather than the one thing which the negro ought to do, has been the ruin of most of our West India islands. Wherever there was waste land to be had the negro pre ferred to squat in idleness, and live upon the coarsest vegetables, rather than work for wages. This is the history of St. Domingo, of Jamaica, and of Trinidad. How are the same causes operating at this moment in the Southern States of the Union ? It will not escape observation that the change from freedom to slavery which has just been effected in the United States is in almost every respect more unfavourable to the negro than the change which took place in the West India colonies. When the negroes betook themselves to the waste land and refused to work for their former masters there was a class of persons in existence who could afford to pay them wages. The masters were at that time a wealthy class, they had just received among them 20 millions of compensation, so that if the negroes had been willing to continue their labours as here tofore, there were employers ready to engage them on terms which would have been sufficiently remu nerative. This is not the case in the South. The sudden and violent emancipation of the negro has been accompanied by the ruin and downfall of the planter ; he or the most vigorous members of his family have fallen in battle or been crippled with wounds, the homestead may have been plundered and laid waste by some Sherman or Sheridan. Whether that be so or not, the owner of any consi derable number of slaves is, as the possessor of a property of more than popo, exempted from the amnesty, and looking forward from day to day to the announcement of the confiscation of his estate. The masters are a defeated, prescribed, and dis couraged class, having lost confidence in themselves as well as in the cause for which they have fought so gallantly and so vainly. The Southern securities in which they have invested their money are worth less ; the very money itself .by which the transac tions in life have been carried on is " fairy gold," and is as little qualified to perform the office of money as the dead leaves which aro driven before the wind of autumn. Had the negroes been willing to work in the West India Islands, there was a class willing and able to employ them. Under the present circumstances of the South such a class can hardly be said to exist. The change has come so suddenly upon the American Government that it is found impossible to devise or execute any efficient system of policy. Some military commanders de sire the planter to pay the negro wages in kind ; others direct the planter to continue to take care of and support the old and infirm persons who were once his slaves. But in how many cases is the planter provided with the means of paying for the labour of the young or supporting the feebleness and helplessness of the aged ? And, if he has saved from the wreck of his fortune enough for this pur pose, who is there to compel him to employ labour that he does not want or that he has no means of controlling, or to support those infirm persons who he is sure to think have lost all claim upon his support by being raised to the dig nity of free men ? The machinery for employing the negro and supporting him out of the proceeds of his own labour has been violently and suddenly de stroyed, and it is impossible for the State, whatever goodwill it may have towards the task, to replace it under the condition of society which we have de picted. Failing, then, the Government and the master, it is obvious that the only hop e o f th e negro lies with himself—a futile hope indeed. The negroes of the Southern States, debarred from education under heavy penalties, isolated in remote planta tions, thinly scattered over a vast interior, never brought in contact with each other, nor taught any thing except the details of their daily toil, relieved from all the responsibilities and cares of life, and fed by a master whose interest it was to keep them helpless and ignorant, are far less able to provide for themselves in an emergency like the present than were the better instructed, less secluded, and more gently treated slaves of the West India Islands. The emergency is infinitely greater, the means of meeting it are infinitely less. We have said that our islands suffered just in proportion to their size ; but what are the largest of the West India Islands compared with the vast territories which have just been reconquered to the American Union, and in which four millions of emancipated slaves seem absolutely swallowed up ? Add to the temptation of squatting the temptation of plunder. The slave is avowedly the favourite of the Federal Government ; the master is its vanquished and unreconciled enemy. The temptation to outrage plunder seems under such circumstances almost irresistible. This is not only an evil in itself, but an evil to the slave by suggesting to him an alternative instead of that work which is the object of his detestation. Helpless, impulsive, igno rant, with little payment to expect for regular work, with ease, new-found liberty, and opportunity to tempt them to violence and plunder, can we won der if the existing industry of the South has very little to hope from the assistance of the black freedmen, and if, on the other hand, the great mass of the slaves seems destined to 19erisli to gether with the system which, if it tyrannised over, brutalised, and degraded them, had, at any rate, the merit of providing them with food, lodging, and clothing? At first the negroes were fed out of the stores captured by the conquerors ; but these were soon expended ; and now the time is fast arriving when the slaves must be thrown on their own resources, with nothing to hope from their old masters, the planters, and very little more from their new master, the Government. The matter may be summed up in a few words. The capital of the South has in a great measure perished in the war ; fresh capital has not flowed in to supply its place ; the only chance of subsistence for the com munity is in such capital as may be created by the labouring population. That population, ignorant, wilful, uncontrolled, and short-sighted, is evidently not about to supply by its labour—we do not say what has been destroyed by war, but—the annual consumption of a time of peace. What are the people to live on ? It is easy for a victorious Government by a few words to strike off the fetters of the slave, and suddenly dislocate and destroy the industry of a whole community, but it is not easy for it to find an- answer to this awful question, which it has raised for itself, and which every day more and more importunately demands an answer. POST.—The suspension . of all communication with the Great Eastern since Wednesday morning has not unnaturally excited the liveliest apprehensions in respect to the fate of the second cable with which we have attempted to bridge over the Atlantic. Everything was reported to be going on well, the weather was fine, the cable was steadily, and to all appearances securely, passing over the stern of the great ship, when suddenly and without any known cause the signals transmitted to Valentia became indistinct, and then ceased altogether. But two hours previously the electricians on board the Great Eastern were enabled to report that 1,200 miles of cable had been paid out, and 1,050 miles run, or, in other words, that about two-thirds of the distance between the Irish coast and that of Newfoundland had been safely traversed. At 10 o'clock on Wednesday morning the communica tion between the ship and Valentia was as abso lutely perfect, as if 1,200 yards of wire instead of as many miles alone separated them, and any doubts which might have existed in respect to the operation of the ocean on the cable when lying at an immense depth were entirely dispelled. But, nevertheless, without a signal of approaching danger, without the slightest intimation from those on board the ship of any apparent peril, the needles in the room at Valentia responded hesitatingly, if we may use the expression regarding the galvanic current, and shortly afterwards refused to respond at all. The chain is broken, how, and where, no one in this country can tell, and the fruits of some years of labour, and of an enormous expenditure of money may be, and not improbably is, lying use less and irrecoverable at the bottom of the Atlantic. Two accidents had already occurred which inter rupted the communication 'between . the ship and the shore, both of which were unimportant in their results, and we sincerely hope that the consequences of the present, as of the two former, may ultimately be remedied. On the first Occasion, it will be re collected that, on the day after the Great Eastern started on her expedition, the electric current was suddenly arrested, and apprehensions were enter tained lest the splice between the land portion of the cable and that on board the great ship had proved defective. The electricians on board, how ever, were enabled to ascertain that the defect ex isted in a portion of the cable which had been paid out, and some eleven miles having been recovered from the comparatively shallow water in which the cable lay, it was discovered that a piece of wire had been forced into the core, and had thus de stroyed the insulation of the central wires. Of the cause of the second accident we know nothing, but i is conjectured, with every appearance of probability, that a defect in the cable having been noticed, it was forthwith cut, the faulty piece ex tracted, and the ends then spliced. On that occa sion the communication with Valentia was in stantaneously interrupted, and, after an interval of time such as would have been required for splicing the cable, was re-established. In the present instance, however, the fact of the signals becoming unintelligible previous to the communica tion being completely severed would seem to indicate that the cause of the defect was comparatively gradual in its operation, and that by some means, which we are at present unable to explain, the in sulation of the cable has at some point been de stroyed. It is also to be observed that wherever that defect exists those on board the Great Eastern have been unable to repair it, although at the time we write some 36 hours have elapsed since its exis tence was first discovered, and this fact affords ground for one of two conjectures, both of which are dispiriting in the extreme. Either the defect has shown itself in some portion of the cable within a short distance of the ship, and, if so, it is extremely ominous that those on board have not succeeded in recovering it and repairing it, as was done on the occasion of the first accident ; or the defect has arisen from some unknown cause in a part of the cable lying at the bottom of the ocean some hun dred miles, perhaps, in the wake of the ship, and in that case the attempt to recover the cable from the depths at which it now lies would be absolutely hope less. Unless communication should again fortu nately be re-established with the Great Eastern, we must await her return for such tidings as can be given of a disaster which in that event will have proved fatal to the greatest of human enterprises. When the last signals were received from her she was in the deepest part of the Atlantic, and the general opinion, in the absence of any data furnished by ex perience, seems to be that it would be physically impossible to recover any of the cable paid out without snapping it. Though unquestionably powerful relatively to its size, it never could, and indeed never was intended to, bear such a strain as that to which it would be submitted in any attempt made to recover it from a depth of upwards of two miles. Near the Irish coast it was no difficult matter to pick up the cable already laid, but in the middle of the Atlantic a similar task would be impracticable. When, however, the defect in the cable was discovered on Wednesday morning, those on board the Great Eastern had no alternative be tween cutting the cable and returning to Ireland, or endeavouring, if possible, to recover the defec tive portion and remove it. As a matter of course they adopted the latter, and all that we can say is, that after the lapse of 36 hours they have not suc ceeded. It may be that they are slowly and cau tiously recovering the cable fathom by fathom, and that they have not yet reached the point where electric continuity has ceased ; or it may be that the attempt has failed, and that, yielding to the ter rible strain to to which it has been subjected, the wire rope has broken, and the great enterprise in whose success the two hemispheres were interested has failed. We shall, however, continue to hope that such is not the case, and shall anxiously look for the cheering telegram from Valentia to the effect that communication has been once more re-esta blished with the Great Eastern. If, however, we shall await that telegram in vain, and see the great ship return with the sad confession that the success which has been so well deserved has not been at tained, we shall find some consolation in the re flection that failure does not extinguish enterprise, and shall still look forward with confidence to no distant time when the obstacles which have hitherto proved fatal will be overcome. COUNTRY MARKETS --,is---_-_ BRISTOL-THURSDAY. At our market to-day English wheat was in small supply, and the continned unsettled weather enabled farmers to realise an advance of is per qr without difficulty. More doing in foreign at prices unobtainable last week. For barleys only a limited demand at former prices. Oats scarce, and realised rather more money. Some new Irish tawny sold at 22s per 3041 b. Maize in fair request, with out alteration in value. MANCHES TER—TnunsDAY, At our market this morning there was a fair attendance. English wheat sold more freely, and must be quoted 1s per qr higher; while foreign brought 2d per cental more money. For flour millers generally demanded an advance of is per sack, but in the business done it was difficult to obtain over 6d. French sold at a similar amendment. Oats and oatmeal were fully as dear. Beans and Indian corn supported previous prices. BIRMINGHAM-THURSDAY. At this day's market there was a less supply of wheat, which sold slowly at 2s on best qualities, and is on others over the currency of this day so'nnight. Barley fully as dear. Oats rather higher. Beans and peas unaltered. Currencies :—Enghsh wheat, white, 43s to 47s ; red, 39s to 44s per 36 stone. Malting barley, 30s to 355; grinding, 22s to 25s per qr. Oats, 24s to 30s ; Irish, 21s to 24s per 30 stone. Beans, 42s to 45s ; and peas, 40s to 42s peaqr. BURY ST. EDMUND'S-WEDNESDAY. The supply of wheat at this market to-day was good. In consequence of the continued wet weather farmers were enabled withbut difficulty to obtain an advance of fully Is per qr on last week. Several samples of new wheat were offered for sale ; the condition was good. Talavera wheat, 44s to 495; red ditto, 37s to 40s; barley, 30s to 325; secondary ditto, 27s to 29s per qr. EDINBURGH-WEDNESDAY. At to-day's market supplies were large. Wheat met a fair sale, at last week's prices. Average prices. Wheat, 405 7d 1 Oats, 25s 4cl Barley, 29s id 1 Beans, 42s 9d Wheat on the top, 2s 6d down average, Os 5d down. Barley on the top, Os 6d down average, is id up. Oats on the top, is 9d down average, Os 3d up. Beans on the top, Os 3d down average, 2s id up. Total supply and sales. Wheat 1348 qrs sold 994 Barley 133 qrs sold 115 Oats 1295 qrs sold 903 Beans 25 qrs sold 18 Town-made flour sells as:follows :—White, 37s Od ; extra superfine, 35s Od ; superfine, 335 Od ; fine, 31s Od. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton Aug. 18. Ditto, via Marseilles Aug. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet Aug. 4. Ditto, by Wrench packet Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Ang. 21. China, Penang. and Singapore, via Southampton Aug. 2. Ditto, via Marseilles Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton. . India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.... Aug. 2. Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton. Aug. —. Ditto, via Harseilles . . Aug. —. Mauritius, via Southampton . ...Aug. 10. Ditto, via Marseii:e a. Aug. 4. Newfoundland Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon.. United States and British. North America, by Bri- tish packet Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton .. Ditto, via Cork ..... Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry.. Aug. 11. West Ccast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe Aug. 10. West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico .................. Aug. 14. Bahamas, via New York. Aug. 18 Bermuda, ditto Aug. 30. Cuba and Mexico Aug. 29. Births. BELL.— On the 2d inst., at 17, Tavistock-street, Covent garden, the wife of George Bell. of a son. DOBREE.—On the 2d inst., at Hampton Court-green, the wife of Joseph Hankey Dobree, Esq., of a daughter. SELWYN.—On the 3d inst., at 63, Chester-square, the wife of C. Jasper Selwyn, Esq., M.P, of Richmond, Surrey, of a daughter. Marriages. BARTLEET—MIDDLEMORE.-0 11 the 2d inst., at Wycliffe Church, Thomas S. Bartleet, Esq., to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Wm. Middlemore, Esq., of Edgbaston. STANFORD- 3 PCUTCHEON.—On the 2d inst., at St. Mark's Church, Hamilton-terrace, Arthur Sandford, Esq., 90th Regiment, son of Sir Robert Sandford, to Georgians, only child of J. M'Outcheon, Esq., Carlton Villas, Maids vale. Deaths. BALLS. —On the I.st inst., at Cambridge, Henry Balls, Esq., aged 91. KEATS.—On the Ist inst., at his town residence, 10, The Cedars, Clapham-common, Frederick Keats, Esq., of Braziers, Oxfordshire, aged 58. SELBY.—On the 31st ult., at Eastbourne, Robert Selby, Esq., of 124, Fenchurch-street, City, aged 67. SKIPPER.—On the Ist inst., at Worthing, Henry Skipper, Esq., of Dawson-place, Westbourne-grove, aged 62. SQUIRE.—On the Ist inst., at Tho Retreat, Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, Win. Squire, Esq., aged 76. TOSSWILL.—On the 31st ult., Charles S. Tosswill, Esq barrister-at-law, of the Inner Temple, aged 33. WALKER.—On the 2d inst., at 10, Fellow's-road Hamp stead, N.W., John Goldie Walke r , Esq., aged 62. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDROV/ 13 • of No. 112, Strand, Pointer, at Tm SUN Office, No 11 -7, Strand, in the Precinct of tha Sr.voy, in the Ccouuty ct Aliddleaex..—Friday, August 40865. I