The Sun. — London, England, 1852-04-09 00:00:00

ITER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. TUESDA.Y, April 13, 1852. Madlle. D'ANGRI. First appearance of Signor BELLETTI since his return from America. It is respectfully announced that this Theatre will Re-open on TUESDAY next, April 13, when will be revived Rossini's Opera, L,ITALIANA IN ALGIERI. Mustapha, Signor Belletti ; Taddeo, Signor Ferranti ; Haly, Sig. Mercurial' ; Lindoro, Signor Calsolari ; Elvira, Madlle. Feller ; and Isabella, Madlle. d'Angri. Betw.-en the acts will be presented the revived favourite Diver tissement, L'AUHORE. To conclude with a new Spanish Ballet Divertissement, entitled UN BAILE DE CANDIL, In which Ildlle. Guy Stephan, Mdlles. Rosa, Esper, Ailegrini, La moureux, M. Di Mattia, and M. Mathieu will appear. Madile. SOFIE CRUVELLI. On Saturday, April 17, Madlle. Sofia Cruvelli will app ear as Norrna. Madlle. JOHANN WAGNER. In the ensuing week Madile. Wagner will arrive. A new Grand Opera, by Meyerbeer, is in prepar ation. Madlle. CAROLINA ROSATI. A new Ballet is in preparation for the rentree of Madlle. Rosati. Application. for Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets to be made at the Opera Box-office, Colonnade, - - ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT GARDEN. Production of I MAKI YRI. The Directors have the honour to announce that, on TU ESDAY, April 13, Will be produced, for the first time in this country, Donizetti's Opera. entitled I MARTYR!, • As performed at the Academie Royal, Paris. With new scenery, Costumes, and Appointments. Tickets for the Buses, Stalls, or the Pit may be had (for the Night or Season), at the r!ox- dice of the Theatre, which is open from Eleven till Five o'clock ; and of the principal librarians and musicsellers. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. CHARLES KEAN. This Theatre will Re-open on EASTER MONDAY, April 12, with the Dramatic Romance of the CORSICAN BROTHERS. After which will be produced, for the first time, a Fairy Tale, in Two Acts, entitled WITTIKIND AND HIS BROTHERS; or, The Seven Swan Princes arid the Fair Melusine. T WEATRE ROYAL, ELAYMARKET. Mr. B Webster, Sole Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton. On EASTER MONDAY Will be presented a new Opera entitled WHITE MAGIC. Prin cipal characters by Messrs. W. Harrison, Weiss, Misses Fyne, and Louisa Fyne. Alter which a new Burlesque on a frightfully popelar subject, to be called 0, GEMINI ; or, the Brothers of Course. Characters by Messrs. Buckstone, Bland, IN oolger ; Mesdames Buckingham, Col lins, Caulfield, Honey, Sze. With a new Farce, in which Mr. Keeley will appear. rttr;Acii.r.; ROYAL, ADELPHI. Lessee, Mr, B. Webster ; Directress, Madame Celeste. On EASTER MN DAY Will be performed a new Drama of powerful interest, called THE Q UEEN OF THE MARKET. Characters by Messrs. Hughes, 0. smith, Bedford, Emery, Honey ; Mesdames Chaplin, Harding, and Keeley. After wnich, a devilish new Extravaganza, called 31EPHISTO PHELES. Characters by Mr. Honey, Miss Fitzwilliam, and Miss Woolgar. And WHO STOLE THE POCKET-BOOR ? ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Management of Madame Vestris. Sole Lessee, Mr. Charles Mathews. On EASTER M )ND AY Will be produced a dramatic story, in eight acts, entitled A CHAIN OF EVENTS. Characters by Messrs. Charles Mathews, Frank Matthews, Robert Roaby, Belton, Baker, Suter ; Madame Vestris, Miss Laura Keene, Mrs. F. Matthews, and Miss Julia St. George. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. True DVI —Morning 5 min. after 5 I Evening 27 min after 5 To-Moasow—Morning 43 'Bin. after 5 Evening 11 min after 6 THE WEATHER—Sux OFFICE, APRIL 9. TITICAMOMILTZR, L't TAB brIADIC. 49—n gh at since noon yeiterday. 33--1 )weat this morning and during the night. 45—this day, at noon. BAB misrErt, 30'38. WIND N.E.—cloudy, with occasional glimpses of sunshine. DAILY WEATHER TABLE. State of the Wind and Weather at each of the following places at Nine o'clock yesterday morning.—The stations are arranged in order of latitude. PLYxofrrn—Wind E.. hard wind—partially cloudy. HAaTneras—Wind E.N E., strong breeze—partially cloudy. Sou'rrt.k.weros—Wind N.W., strong breeze—overcast. FOLSESTOSE— Wind N.E., gentle breeze—cloudy. TUNBRIDGE—WiIId N.E., gentle breeze—cloudless. GIiEENWICH—Wind N.E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy. ST LOOD —Wind E., strong breeze—partially cloudy. Swilwoff—Wind E., gentle breeze—cloudy. LEIGHTos—Wind E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy. COLCHESTER—Wind N.E., strong breeze—partially cloudy. YARsiocru—Wind E , strong breeze—cloudless. The returns from the following places indicate the state of the wind and weather on Wednesday morning at nine o'clock : Ix/ix/um—Wind E., calm—overcast 111 4;1.1.1140.13—Wind E., gentle breeze—cloudless. LgIGFITON—Wind E., calm— vercast. HOLYFI lAD —Wind E., gentle breeze very fine. LANCASTEII- and N.W., calm—principally clear. v MVO' and N.E. gentle breeze—foggy. DAELmcvroN—veind N , strong breeze—overcast. 811.4. P— ind E., calm —principally clear. BEw.rrocx— Wind S E., gentle breeze—partially cloudy. c c ,..4.;;;-.4, * ky ) y. 7= l , .q ott r • m o • ~'_~L ~ROI B ,JA 4A, LONDON, FRIDAY. APRIL 9, 1852. J inuary was rendered remarkable in the history o. Calamities at Sea by the burning of the Amazon, and February by the loss of the Birkenhead. It is earnestly to be hoped that the ten subsequent months of the year are not destined to be remembered by some similar catastrophe. Improbable though such a supposition may appear, there is, nevertheless, a very drecdful possibility that it may actually be realised, unless some better system of arrangements be forth with adopted by the maritime profession generally, and by them practically appl:ed to the science of na vigation. Additional measures of prevention, for ex ample, should be taken—[common sense tells us that] — proportioned to the facilities of locomotion obtained, in defiance of wind an li tide, by the employment of the powers derivable from the steam-engine. What was activity under th e o ld an d s l ug gish system of crossing ocean under canvas would be indolence now-a days, with th e a id of' bran new machinery, fed by the stoker and regulated by the engineer. W h a t watchfulness might have beenvessels of the last century, would, flnesu on s in the sailing b oa rd the steam-shipsof the present, b e either the must dull-eyed stupidity or the most culp a bl e obtained on an average ne gligence. Compare the speed and then under those re spectye circumsta nces, m be estimated how considerable it may o f activity, ought to ° be re the easily in. of ff forethought, and in crease of alacrity, precautionaryof regulations ima ginable, in regard to those splendid allkinds structures which are being perpetually borne over the deepwind more rapidly than on the w i ngs of the seas —aided by the fins of the paddle-wheel or the i" b rra Of the s crew-propeller. The velocity acquired in ternal application of a motive-power, independentythe all the ordinary operations of nature, necessitates of relative increase of dangers to be encounter e d, a o any rate, under th e mos t f a vo urable circumstances, an increase in the rapidity of their succession. The reasonableness of our remarks upon this head must, we conceive, be altogether too obvious to re quire any very elaborate series of illustrations. Un fortunately, the frequency and magnitude of the evi dences afforded of the accuracy of such opinions as those here advanced would be circumstances sutfiaient of themselves to preclude us from the necessity of reverting to casualties long past, or nearly altogether forgotten. The Great Britain, it would scarcely be extravagant to assert, could never but for the steam speed with which she was traversing the Bristol Channel have run foul, or at any rate so far foul, on the coast of Ireland. The President, but for the weight of her engines, &c., coupled with her extraordinary length from stem to stern, could not have broken her back (as it is generally conjectured s h e did) and foundered, without leaving a vestige o f her floating on the surface to tell the world of her disappearance. The poor Amazon — is i 3 tolerably notorious by this time, notwithstanding the doubtful and even contradictory evidence adduced on two successive investigations, could not but for the fact of her being a steamer have ignited as easily or have consumed with as frightful celerity. Whether the origin of the flames lay in the heat of the bear ings or in the dropping of oil on the tarred coal-sacks, it is certain that the timber of the vessel round the engine-rooms bad been dried up so as to hold out facilitie s f or the spread of combustio n, while it is no boats, certain that the engines themselv es swam p ed the 1 and fa ' r ' e d the flames multiplying death and horror t o the bearing the m o tackles% crew and pa 9 senger s, b y n at f u ll eed through the waves and the darkness f 'P almost to the very clos e of c rem the commencement the conflagration. The Birkenhead, in like manner, o's i nstead for the circumstance of her being a steam-ship would not, in all human probability, have a sailing vessel re y ef , have beaten her p . 0f rocks off the self to pieces on the sunken Danger. In vFivsalis , southern 7 coast of Africa, near point D ' web*" this, however, we silo a r tt iurnents mistaken indeed if 0111 , 1111 be very grievously • were supposed to be antagonistic i n • ft) 0-IplJvroent of steam as nY way 't a motive p ow,t ; Ali we would lneiat upon Qjp• tit a_ Et , • ifr::/ the necessity of multiplying precautionary mea sures proportionately with the increase of speed from the replacing of canvas by machinery. Soli citous as we are to witness the more effectual de velopment of the national capacities for navigation, we have long clamoured for the application of steam, even to the vessels of the royal navy, through the medium of the screw propeller. It would be preposterous, therefore, to imagine for an instant that we are now endeavour ing to depreciate the value of the steam-engine as a power for marine locomotion. Our purpose at this moment is to insist, not upon the advisa bility of foregoing the advantages of the mo dern principle, whether applied to ships of war or of commerce, heaven forbid ! but the absolute and imperative necessity of adopting many additional measures of precaution. Such measures, for example, as never permitting any vessel fitted up with new engines (like the Amazon) to make her first voyage before her machinery has got into proper play, so as to run no possible chance of over heating the bearings ; or as giving more attention to the efficiency of all the arrangements as to the boats, so as to facilitate the task of lowering them safely by their ordinary tackle; or as looking well to the discipline of the crew, so as to ensure their respectful attention to orders under any emergency. Essential we certainly regard these steps, in the way of improvement, to be—absolutely essential, if we would be spared the recurrence of disasters such as those we have too frequently had oc casion to recount of late years, disasters destructive to life as well as ruinous to property ; and because of our convictions as to this necessity we have taken occasion to refer in illustration to the recent loss of the unfortunate Birkenhead. But—it may be objected—the illustration is un lucky, seeing that all reasonable precautions were adopted in the instance of the Birkenhead. Not so It is true, that before the vessel struck on the rocks off Point Danger there was the man at the wheel, steering steadily according to directions, S.S.E. E., with a berth of about four miles from Cape Hangcliff. True, that the night being calm and starlight, with land visible from three to four points on the port bow, and with a long swell setting in on shore—look-out-men were placed and a leads man was on the paddle box. But—the course itself was an evidence of grievous want of proper precau tions. They were hugging the shore too closely, for the purpose of making a " short cut ;" and this, moreover, still going at the rate of 81 knots. Besides—about the middle-watch the leadsman sud denly got soundings in twelve or thirteen fathoms, thereupon informing the second master—yet the ship's course was not altered. What says Commodore WYVILL upon this subject in his dispatch to the Board of Admiralty ? Writing from Simon's Bay, he says distinctly—" When soundings were first struck, had the helm been put to port, the ill-fated ship might have escaped the danger." As it was, no such order was given by the officer of the watch, and before the leadsman could get another cast the ship struck, and he found seven fathoms alongside, with two under the bows and eleven by the stern. Twenty minutes afterwards the noble vessel was completely broken up, her hull submerged acd her spars floating over the surge, with 454 un happy mortals abandoned to a sudden and appalling destruction. Surely, then, there is an utter absence of the TO rpf 7TOV in this declaration that sufficient precautionary measures were taken in reference to the management of the Birkenhead! Of the heroism, the self-possession, and the dis cipline of the poor soldiers involved in this calamity, it is impossible to think without admiration. Admi rable as the spectacle of their endurance is, however. in the remembrance, it is altogether too touching i n its solemnity to be viewed otherwise than with emotion. Q uis talia-fando temperet a lacrymis It is a legal principle, which we believe has never been disputed, that no evidence can be received or, in fact, anything done indirectly or by a side wind, which would not be directly available without trick or subterfuge of any kind. The rule is indeed indis pensable to the due administration of justice. If any relaxation were allowed there would be no end to the discreditable devices resorted to, and much time would be consumed in the arguments consequent upon such attempts. Matters are occasionally, as it is termed, " thrown into the jury box," which, although not legally adialissible, may yet considerably affect the verdict ; but there is no practice which the Learned Judges more severely censure whenever the object is apparent, or even in any degree perceptible, and the utmost care is taken to caution the jury that they are bound to dismiss such matters entirely from their minds, and not per mit them in any degree to influence their judgment. If this be the case in civil suits, where .s. d. are only concerned, how much more strictly should it be observed in criminal inquiries, where the liberties, or possibly the lives, of the parties may be staked on the result, and where every, even doubtful, point should be decided in favour of the prisoner. We find, however, one remarkable case in which a mere lad has been not only cipitally con victed, but is at this moment awaiting the extreme penalty of the law—which will be carried into execu tion on Tuesday next, unless some interference should take place in the interval—who must neces sarily have been acquitted had not his wife been joined in the indictment, and her confession or statement re ceived in evidence and taken into consideration against him, by the jury who returned the fatal verdict. We believe that in this assertion we shall not only be corroborated by the ample reports of the trial, which appeared in the public journals, but by the opinions of every person present in court during _ the inquiry. We would even appeal to the differen, members of the jury, to say whether their minds were not materially influenced by the confession of the female prisoner, and if a single one of these twelve gentlemen could say that had he not heard that statement he would not have agreed to the verdict in the other testimony, w hi c h merely established a case of strong suspicion against tLe prisoner, the point is disposed of, and the execu tion of the prisoner will be neither more nor less than a judicial murder. It is not necessary for the purposes of our argu 'tient to enter into any discussion on the question of the actual guilt or innocence of JOAN KEENE, or to Consider whether his wife was the real delinquent, or whether both participated in the fearful crime. Ac cording t o constitutional princ i p l e i t is not sufficient that a man should have committed any offence. His guilt must also be clearly dence. no possible We find * repeatedly com plaining of parties , lgatrocious con duct established by legal doubtevi respecting whose _ escap ing with impunity, in the indictment. The evidence, -nineis really link in the chain of through some defect in a single could be entertained, or some technical error vast importance. It is foundedsurd pitch , nnbriociple, however, although apparently carried to an should escape, than that one innocent doc trine that it is better that " nin on the humane 3' Put forward guilty persona have been so clearly and beautifully unjustly punished," a doctrine, Icent man should be one of cillre"cins for which Sir SAMUEL ROMILLY, that we cannot refrainby quoting the very words from of that distin u - h le reformer :—" It should be recollected, too," gs ed 1-; accomplished, amiable, and highminded said that ,; " that the object of penal laws is the protectiongentiern—' security of the innocent ; tbat the punishment and f ofthe guilty is resorted to only as the means attain- ing that object. When, therefore the guil o t the law baa merely failed of its intended es ff cape : it has done no good, indeed, but it has done noeh effect; But when the innocent become the victims of"' the law, the law is not m ere l y i nef fi c i ent—it does not merely fail of accompli s hi ng i ts i ntended object, it injures the persons it was meant to protect ; it creates the very evil it was to cure, and destroys the se -1 c urity it was made to preserve." The opinions of such a man must ever command i respect, more eve ! cially on subjects to whic'n he had especially directed his attention, and by means h w ereof he gained his brightest laurels. In the particular case under notice, had JANE KEENB not been placed on her trial along with her husband, no statement of hers, although given on oath, in his presence, and with a full opportunity of 1 cross-examination, could possibly have been received. In consequence of the relationship existing betw een them her mouth was hermetically sealed against hin.i, , either for good er evil. He could not receive the benefit of her testimony if favourable, ncr could he be prejudiced by it if injurious. But she was ar raigned along with him, and, therefore, her un corroborated statements, made privately to her mother, and also to the Superintendent of the Surrey Police, without any caution as to the use that might subsequently be made of them, when her husband could give no explanation or contradiction, were brought forward nominally against her, but really against him, and it was solely by means thereof that he was convicted of the crime laid to his charge. It should not be forgotten that this confession or statement was not injurious to the female prisoner—on the contrary, if credited, it would, and most probably did, lead to her acquittal. Her able and talented Counsel (Mr. CHARNOCK) largely availed himself thereof, and showed that, if true, she could only be considered an " accessory after the fact," for which, in consequence of the nuptial bond between them, she could not be made amenable to justice. The state - ment, therefore, although nominally put in against her, was actually in her favour, and it was only against her husband—the unfortunate convict—that it really operated. Was this correct ? Was it in ac cordance with the constitutional law of the land ? We believe not, and we are satisfied that it only re quires that the attention of the HOME SECRETARY, a sound and experienced lawyer, should be directed to the question to ensure a wise and judicious decision on the subject, on which the life of a fellow -creature depends. We feel greater confidence on this point, inasmuch as the Right Honourable and Learned Gentleman has already acted upon the principle in the case of two other men—KEAMISH and AYERS—who had been convicted of murder at Winchester during the late assizes. We believe that the clemency extended to these parties was not cwing to any doubt as to their participation in the offence, but in consequence of the unsatisfactory nature of the evidence against them. Had it been otherwise, if any reasonable question could have ex isted as to their guilt or innocence they would have received a free pardon, in place of a commutation of punishment. But in their case the evidence was fairly admissible, and should be considered by the jury for as much as it might be worth, whereas on KEENE'S trial the inculpatory statement should have been altogether dismissed from the minds of the urymen. We are not the opponents of capital punishment in every instance. There are cases of wilful, premedi tated, and deliberate homicide, in which, according to our views, the extreme sentence of the law should be carried into execution. We know, how ever, that many amiable and estimable individuals, differ from us in this opinion ; we only now allude to this point to show that it is not owing to what has been—we think very improperly termed—a "sickly sensibility" or " morbid feeling" on the sub ject of capital punishments, that we have put forward these views, in which we trust we shall be supported by many advocates for capital punishment in extreme cases, as well as by its conscientious opponents, so that the result may be the preservation of the unfor tunate youth now enduring the anguish necessarily occasioned by the contemplation of the terrible tragedy in which he is to enact the leading part at Horsemonger-lane Gaol on Tuesday morning. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. We have received the Paris journals of yesterday. The memory of " the bravest of the brave" is at length to receive a testimonial of national honour. 50,000 francs have been granted by the Government for a monument to the most brilliant soldier of the Empire—the gallant and ill-fated NEY. The distribution of prizAs at the Grand Cattle Show at Poissy took place on Wednesday. The Minister of Agriculture and Commerce presided, and opened the business of the day by a speech, which, after ex pressing the warm interest which the PRINCE PAESI DENT of the Republic took in the prosperity of the agricultural interests of the country, and recapitulat ing the different measures which had been adopted by him and his Government to promote those interests, and complimenting the different exhibitors on the re sult of their efforts, he concluded as follows : " Thanks to this ensemble of ameliorations, and to those which the Government have still in contemplation, there is reason to hope that agriculture will henceforth proceed with a firm and rapid step in the path of progress. This show, at which so great a number of breeders have disputed for the prizes, and where such remarkably fine animals have been exhibited, proves to what a degree of perfection France has already arrived in what we may call pastoral industry; a branch of industry worthy of the highest encou ragement, for it is by it that not only the soil to increased in value, but that the nourishment of the people is decreased in price, and rendered more sub stantial. Receive, then, all you who are animated with so noble an emulation for the agricultural destinies of the country, the expression of the gratitude of the Go vernment. Be assured that it will not fail in its mission ; be assured that agriculture will always find in it the most lively and the most constant solicitude. And you, gentlemPri of the juries, who have displayed so much x:al and impirtialtty in the accomplishment of your la bours, accept the thanks of the Government for the part which you have taken in this solemnity." We read in the Patric. "Several of the English journals continue to be pro digal of insults and calumnies on the Government of the President of the Republic. Among other gross false hoods they affirm that entire departments have been de populated, and their inhabitants sent to Cayenne and Lambessa. It will suffice to mention such allegations to enable the public to judge of the honesty of those who make them, and who thus play upon the credulity of the English pe ,ple." A letter from Orleans states that, among the libe rated convicts who have been ordered to fix their re sidence in that city, 16 have voluntarily inscribed their names to be sent to Cayenne. Several others in the same category, but who are not under the sur veillance of the police, have solicited to be sent to the new penitentiary. We find the following in the Constitutionnel:- - - " A number of the fundhold, re who had demanded reimbursement appeared to be much at a loss what to do with their money. A certain number among them, be fore receiving what was duo to them, asked the clerks at Treasury whether they might be allowed to withdraw their demand for reimbursement, and submit to the con version, and they appeared well satisfied on receiving an answer in the affirmative. Others, before leaving the Treasury, invested the money they had received in Treasury bonds, at half the interest of the security they bad refused, and so great was the demand for those bonds that it was found necessary to keep the office open two hours later than usual. Others repaired with their cash to the caisse des rctraites, the payments into which have lately considerably increased." General CANROBER - T, one of the Extraordinar y Commissioners sent out by the PRINCE PRESIDENT ' of the Republic, has just applied measures of clemency to upwards of 60 individuals in the ar rondissement of Nevers, and to six in that of Chateau- Chinon, all condemned to various degrees of trans portation. In most instances, in place of the punish ment to which they were condemned, surveillance will be merely exercised over those persons. In the departments of the south, M. Q11E147114 BAUCIIART, another of the Extraordinary Commissioners, has also been actively engaged in using the powers conferred on him by the PRESIDENT of the Republic. At Montelimart, out of 71 prisoners, 40 were pardoned; and at Crest, out of 185,78 were sat at liberty. Wednesday was the first day of the Longchamps procession. The weather was remarkably fine, and the turn out of equipages unusually striking. A letter, dated London, has been found (according to the Times' correspondent) in the house of a So cialist in the Marne, and was handed over to the Mixed Commission in that department. Its contents, which we give with a few unimportant omissions, breathe the spirst of fraternity and philanthropy : ~ Aly dear Friend only this day heard the unfortu nate result of your trial, and I regard it as a sacred duty at a distance it is title, a cordial and fra ternal givena l eh o a u l ro i ' e y ofd dear re friend. hand. IA conviction pity, you, st ß° d k e e s s i P re ie d rre the t e h m e amlleain prece- c pw l a a ht i oi m ohn e e d s ttohn:on3 renown npnvet nhilenni o dty t e ' d:haenidsgrencrant magnificent dent. A s long as our poor race of pigmies will insult the shade of that giant we shall remain tion in a degraded position, and the Revolution will be "miens° as regards us. We must not suffer the odious tirade s of the wri-Actied beings of the present day against our fathers of 1793 to pass without a vigorous protest. was the emancipation of the world and the main tenanceAett,_o(6re,hti:erteherweas woreno crime committed ncoohmlemiatntedd s a i t thli t in ha n t ao g t l i o o r n io s..... us ll'lc,Ft uer itself to. be stopped—so much the worse for those endeavouringr s en fi ch n . atio.nality. The car of the Revolu themselvca to arrest its progress I Their blood be on time. I have see m - who are crushed under its whrels whilst I i um „ di honourltolhu, t o t he last letter that you did me the Ledru.n o ni,: to y communicated to my noble friend, forthwith, addressand to me; he promised me to reply to it duced him to d ------ here, and I have even intro movement in ani mated, I believe, trust th.tt his reply will arrive in ru Rollin. Ile is a good fellow, that ho does not with excellent intentions; but I fear and what influence d What do you say of him, . . . I trust that 73 he poesess in year country France, understand the revolutionary and devote myself • s hall , soon return amongst you Then we will forget at 1 1: t of again cialist ideas—the onl to the propagation of sound &- Will forget thew after (1 " ignotlle persecutions; we haying taken yogeatice NT Shed], which I am ambitions. Let that be well understood. For my part, Ido not un derstand granting a pardon to reactionists, which they merit so little.' This time, as infect it always was, ge nerosity would be a folly. I knew no hatred—that sen timent was forced into my heart, and I shall he as im placable in that hatred as I was fervent in love. It would be too convenient for those gentlemen if they could gratify their passions at their leisure, and should after wards appeal to the good feeling of the people. Prudence is the mother of security, says the wisdom of nations, As for you, I again rendered glory to the noble is immortal masters. In Lon doncaln onandrgt; ar we ts r evengeudoaf notc ong ratulate Te by eo f r o u mr prudence.ognd°hr— e ta a n v of ug r the great dates of the revo lution, end we are about to celebrate the 10th of August by a banquet. Believe, my friend, in all my sympathy, and receive my fraternal salute." BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, APRIL 8. Central of France (Weans and Vierzon), 22:4—Luxem bourg, 4; 3 —Namur and Liege, 7 —Northern of France, 23 —Orleans and Bordeaux, I:l , , B Paris and Lyons, 11—Paris and Rouen, 30—Rouen and Havre 12—Sambre a n d Meuse, 4%—Tours and Nantes. 111 ,i —Western of France, 7 1*, SPAIN. By the following telegraphic dispatch from Madrid of the sth, it will be seen that the long-persecuted liberty of the press i❑ that enlightened land has re ceived its coup de grace :7 4 . A decree has iieen published by the Government, regulating in a sweeping manner the press. The fun damental bases are—a guarantee 01 2,000 reels of con tribution imposed on journals; preventive censorship for articles concerning religion, toreign countries, and news; a jury, composed of the largest tax-payers, for trial of the principal press offences; supreme court of justice nals for other Offences. The and the ordinary tribu• againstordin ordinary and suppress journals." Q ue en; ; Government can suspend express, dated the 3d, we learn that there is no truth in the report that the QUEEN for r o r ff o e m nce t s ho was in an interesting condition. MADRID Bounsm, APRIL 3.—Three per Cents., 40f ; Exchange on London, 50 85 money. __________ GERMAN Y. The bulletin issued on th e 4t h i nst . , re l a ti ve to th e state of the Grand Duke o f B ADEN, Royal Highness has p assed several b s tates that his ad nights, owing to renewed attacks of cramp, and that his strength is greatly diminished. The Gazette of Prussia of the 6th says, the fate of the German fleet is fixed. In the sittiag of the 2d inst. the German Diet pronounced its dissolution. The College of Presidents of the Bourgeoisie of Hanover have carried by a large majority the reso lution for an address to the IINQ to maintain the Constitution intact, and to put in force the laws of organization of the country. A letter from Vienna seems to attribute the death of Prince SCH WARZENIERG to exc i temen t occas i o ned by certain politi ca l contrarietis ; an d t h e cou p d e sang under which h e suffered fourteen or fift een d a y s be fore the last f a t a l stroke is explained to similar causes. It wa s i n vain that h i s nea r e st surviving relative, to whom he was tenderly attached , endeavoured t o calm him, an d t o d we ll on the weaknes s o f yielding t o such violent irritation ev ery time that he considered himself slighted by his Imerial master , or t h at he sus pected his influence was undermined by an older and more powerful statesman. The impatient and haughty temper of Prince SCHWARZENHERG could not brook such slights, and, whether real or fancied, they at all events deeply preyed on his mind. On Saturday last he is said to have been in an alarming condition, but yet his death was not so soon expecte d. Few doubt that prince the policy of xi .o.L ETTERNI CH, now that no fur ther resist ance i s apprehende d f ro m any rival, w ill b e completely a d opte d b y t h e young EMPEROR, whose leaning to the counsels of the aged statesman was known to have deeply affected the deceased Prince. It is believed that the projected visit of the Emperor NICHOLAS to Berlin will not now take place, but that the two XMPERORS will have an interview before long. The Jesuits are establishing themselves in great force in Austria, and their so-called " Missions" are very actively employed in making proselytes, both high and l ow . The desir e t o em i gr ate is becoming more pro nounced from day to day, and the true reason of thi s unusual phenomenon in Austria is the substitution of the arbitrary will of the employes an d police for law and equity. In a leader dedicated to the probable consequences of Louts NAPOLEON'S elevation to the Imperial throne, the Wanderer advises Prussia to yield to Austria in the matter of the Customs Union, as she may soon require her aid. According to a telegraphic dispatch, the sunken wreck of the Marianna has been discovered twelve miles out at sea, between Porto Levante and Porto Maestro. She went down in about six fathoms and a half of water (17i passi) ; her mast is upwards. Tne concluding passage of the dispatch will perhaps enable English naval men to give a shrewd guess whether the steamer was blown up or not :—" To judge from the position of the wreck, the Marianas must, after her upper deck was carried away, have sunk at once. It is also probable that the engines, guns, &c., will be found in the wreck." GREECE. The Athens journals of the 27th give a gloomy ac count of the state of Greece. In the sitting of the Chamber at Athens on the 21st ult., M. COUMOUNDOURAKIS said that the famine with which the country was afflicted, the bad crops of last year, and the failure of the currants, had thrown the people into a very critical situation. A wanteu rc of , which p rove d th a t the so b o r fG d re w ee a general, es were evaelry limited. Money was also:very scarce, and produce was obli ge d to b e so ld at a very low price. The harvest of n ext year must b e a ve ry abundant one in order M repair all the misfor tunes which were now felt. Wh en i t is remembered that the incomes of the propri e t ors are not suffi cient to procure them the means of properly res bread cultivating their land, i t may be expected that the famine of this year will have very extended consequences. The cultivation of the land will be necessarily imperfect for want of sufficient capital, a large extent will be left in fallow, an d consequently the next harvest can only be a moderate one. But suppose that it should be a bad one, the mischief would then be without bounds, and the Treasury would experience i mmense l osses . Pru dence dictated the necessity of having recourse to im mediate measures of relief, and M. COUMOUNDOU- Iuaus therefore proposed that the Government should assist the landed proprietors and the agricultural in terests by a loan. M. LISANDRII YILARTI, after ex enduing the difference between the commercial ex ports and imports, and observing that the resources of the country were eaten up 3 37 usury, insisted on the necessity of devising means for attracting foreign capi tal to Greece. He supported the proposition. The discussion was adjourned. A letter frotn.ratras stater, that in addition to the Poleswhich expelled f rom G reece , th e Go vernment w were been ed devising means to r e move the small number of Italians which still remained t h ere, an d some of them had already received an intimat i on to that effect. e T URRE Y. , We learn from Bosnia th at the new Vizier, VELIED.• I YIN PACIIA, had arrived at Serajevo ; he immediately visited the prisons, and was gr e atly shocked at the scenes which he there witnessed, and the horrors to which the unhappy pri soners were e xposed, and at once tried to make so me arrangements to ame li orate their lot. He found th at during the last two mont h s no less than 60 priso ners had died in consequence o f the privations and wretchedness to w hi c h th e y were exposed. Others lost their senses ; among these was the Franciscan monk Jurrscif, who was then re moved to the m infir arY, where he attempted to com mit self-destruction. Notwithstandi ng all The mi se ry of these prisons is untold. the Government has not arrived at any clue, and the whole appears to be an invention, though unfortu nately it affords a - pretext for momentary arrests. ' The feeling against Austria is strong, and every un justly, of having anythi ng the rumours of conspiracies, person who i 3 suspected, however vaguely or summarily arrested and thrown into prison on the accusation of brin • Austrian pay. g a spy in - 71 —........ to do with Austria is CO EVES ,_ ----_ ISL 6 OF WIGHT. , \FROM OUR OWN connEsPoNDENT . ) ItPIIESE?iTATION OF TELE of oF WIOrIT. A public meeting to excess, ' the Town-hall , W est Cowes, on Wednesday evening, when Edward Dawes Ev addressed ddressed his constituents. The hall wa s crowded of the electors this district was held at ber was recei ve d in the warmest manner, hi s past con duct appla u ded i was a and the worthy Mem ber and future support promised him. (colonel Harcou rt has canvasse d th e electors, but with very little Success, in this neighbourhood ; ho is op posed bo th by the Lib era ls and the Protectionists. The Colonel is for "Fr d and Lord Derby I 1" The sta Protectioni Fre e-trade - call on their friends not to support him. The Liberals support Mr. Dawes. . THE SER ELEcrrox..-slany are of opinion that a dissulutton of Parliament is not so near as some pro fogs to believe it is. It has always been the opinion of the Tories that the Revising Barristers' Court is the place to fight the battle in. They always bring more cash and tact t o b ear on these occa sions than the Libe rals. It is, therefore, very probab le that the y will, if they can, put 01l the t e vil day till after the next regis tration. that doubl e FASH IONALE MOVEMENTS —4llore marine residences have b een in taken thi s wee k than ever before known so a e r c Z E :l;e e Mr. t early the season; we think that we ma y safel y sa y May as th ere h ive been in any f o rmer year. Married, at Into ThomasNorthwmoro. Northwood Church, yesterday , by the Rev , Mr.o daughter heeler, to Eliza, eldest d a 5 man y h ouses will be occupied here in j m me l : V i Pedlar, of Lynaington. VORCESTLR Hur MARLET, APRIL 6.—We have a very limited business doing in our market. Fine new bops, at 115 s. to 1265. ; low and middling qualities, 100 s. to 112 s. ; flue 1846 and lav, 50s. to 60.. In low and inferior, nothing duipg, MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. This being Good Friday is a strict holiday at the Bank of England and other public offices, the subscrip tion-rooms and similar places of resort are closed. Tho Cotton market continues dull. The supply of produce hat been limited this week and prices have undergone no alteration of importance, though many articles, including coffee, tea, rice, and cocoa, have been somewhat cheaper. Cotton has been dull, and cochineal and dye stuffs have rather tended upwards. The markets closed this afternoon for the Easter holidays and will re-open next Wednesday. The transactions in bills of exchange were effected yesterday aftern oon , as cus t omar y the day preceding Good Friday, and the rates were fully supported, being 25 55 to 57i on Paris, 12 11 to 14 on Amsterdam, 13 11 to 11 on Hamburgh, and on Trieste 12 50 to 55 for 90 days' paper. A very interesting letter has been addressed to Mr. Thomas Baring on the effects of the Californian and Australian gold discoveries by a merchant well known here, Mr. Frederick Scheer. After going into the ques tion, Mr. Scheer sums up thus:— " A hasty recapitulation of the foregoing suggestions may facilitate the inferences to be drawn from them. The large amount of new treasure admits of no dispute (II.); but we must not form our judgment on this single fact nor on the experiences of former times (III.) Abundancl of money does not necessarily constitute a hgher range of prices (IV.), the purchasing powers of the precious metals seem to stand in no direct relation to their cost of production (V.), and these metals are but a small and indefinite part of the great mass of circulating medium (VI.) Even if prece dent were to be our guide the records of former times are obscure (VII.), their correctness and the inferences drawn from them may be fairly questioned (VIII.), aad analogy is not to be trusted when in our days very ano malous fluctuations of prices have run counter to popular opinion or theoretical deductions (IX.). Altered cir cumstances, though they do not militate against the ordinary principles regulating demand and supply (X.), exhibit society under altogether new aspects (XI.). Pro duction, as it proceeds in modern times, is stimulated by demand into a kind of self-propagating power, fur nishing progressively more abundant and cheaper sup plies, not only of articles of manufacture (XII.), but of raw produce and food. by improvement and extension of culture (XIII.). Even the general aad considerable increase of consumption in England beyond the nume rical growth of the people has been accompanied by larger supplies and lower prices (XIV.). India and China add new producers and therefore new purchasers of the precious metals to those that are considered to constitute the civilised world (XV.) Finally, the in herent worth of these metals, which is indestructibility (XVI.), and their use and waste in various ways (XVII.), must have considerable weight in this inquiry." Messrs. Schreier and Mummy's Circular, dated New Orleans, March 13, and published by Mr. James Irvine, of Liverpool gives the following particulars of the state of the Cotton district:—"ln our Circular of the 28th ult., we noticed continued activity in our Cotton market, at firm rates. The demand since then has again been good; the transactions, however, less extensive, in con sequence of extravagant pretensions on the part of factors. Within the last few days freights have mate rially improved, and there being some difficulty in secur. leg engagements readily, the market now is rather lan guid, and prices kc. to 4c. lower for some grades from the highest point during the fortnight. The sales amounted to 52,100 bales during the first, and 40,209 bales during this we e k, aga i ns t 106 , 000 b a l es, rece i pts during the same time. All our streams being navigable now, the arrivals have been large, as might have been expected; this circumstance, we find, is made the pretext for large crop estimates, which we cannot endorse. On the contrary w e consider them prematur e , a nd on ly cal culated to mislead the opinion of those interested in the trade. Our latest accounts from Liverpool are to the 28 , h February. We quote—ordinary to good ordinary, 6i to 6j; low middling, 7-1- to 7f; middling, 7i to n; port, ln er Increase 3 0 8 f 5 receipts bales good , middling, 8; middli ng f a i r , 8i to 8i ; f a i r, 8 to Bi. Sales during the 2 we e k s , 92 , 300 b a l es. R ece i pts at th i s at againstall p0rt5,744,8 26809b,7a9l e3s bales, last ales year. In crease of total exports to Great Britain, 129,264 bales. Increase of total exports to France 36,460 bales, and to other Foreign ports 1,319, against last year." MARKET NEWS.—(THIS DAY.) srarrErzszas. As is invariably the case on a Good Friday, the sup ply of beasts on offer in to-day's market was limited ; nevertheless, the demand for all kinds was in a very depressed state, at barely stationary prices. The num ber of sheep was small. Prime Downs were in moderate request, at full prices. Otherwise, the mutton trade was heavy, but no decline took place in the quotations. We were fairly supplied with lambs, the general quality of which was good. The private qualities sold at late rates. Dorset and other kinds were a slow sale. Calves and pigs were in short supply, and heavy inquiry, at almost nominal currencies. In mulch cows, next to nothing was doing. Per Illbs.to sink the offal. I. d. to s. d. inierlor Scutt!..." 2 2 2 4 iecond quality • • • • 2 6 2 10 ?rime large Oxen.. 3 0 3 2 Prime Scots • • •• .. 3 2 3 4 Large coarse Calves 3 0 3 8 Primesrualldltto .. 3 10 4 2 Suckling Calves —l9 0 24 0 Lambs •• •• •• •• •• 4 3 6 0 S. d. to 8. d Inferior Sheep .... 2 6 2 8 Second qual. Sheep 210 3 4 Coaree-woolled ditto 3 6 3 8 Southdown Wether 310 4 2 Ditte out of the wool 0 0 0 0 Large Hogs •.•• • • 2 6 8 6 Small Porkers •• •• 3 8 3 10 Quarter old Pigs •• 16 0 19 0 TOTAL SUPPLY AT MARKET. Roasts. 509 I Sheep. I Calva. 6,900 110 FOREIGN SUPPLY. I rim I 200 Bmsts. 110 I Sh eep. 250 I Calvos. 48 I Pigs. NEVTGATII AND X.DADENNALL. The supplies being large, the general demand ruled heavy, at barely stationary prices. At per stone iv the Carcase. - I. d. to s. d• i s. d . to e. d Beef, Inferior...... I 10 2 2 , Mutton, inferior •• 2 4 2 6 - middling • ... 2 4 2 G -- middling •• 2 8 3 0 - primelarge .. 2 6 2 8 , --- prime .• •• 3 2 3 4 prime small .. 2io a 0 1 Pork. large ••• • •• •• 2 4 210 Vos.1•• •• ...• ...... 3 o 4 01 - small .• •• •• •• a 0 a$ Lamb, 4s fid to Ss Bd. "PLEASURE GROUNDS" ON KENNINGTON COMMON. There is a Bill in the House of Commons (yesterday printed) to em p owe r the Commissioners of her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings to enclose and lay out Ken nington-common as " pleasure-grounds" for the recrea tion of the public. The Bill was brought forward by Lord John Manners and the Marquis of Chandos. The Princ e of Wales, in right of his Duchy of Cornwall, is seised of the manor of Kennington, in the parish of Lambeth :—" And whereas, the said pieces or parcels of land aro now open and uninclosed, and it has been re pr unted to her Majesty by the Council of his said Royal Highness that it would tend greatly to the comfort and benefit of the inhabitants of the district in the neigh bourhood of the said common if the same were enclosed and laid out as pleasure-grounds for the recreation an d enjoyment of the inhabitants of the said district, and others resorting thereto, subject to such regulations as may be necessary tor preventing nuisances and i m p ro p er pract i c es therein, and for that purpose, that the Commis sioners of her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings have caused a map or plan of the said intended improve ments to be made," &c. There are eleven cla uses i n t h e Bill, embodying the spirit of the preamble. It is pro vided that the map or plan, after having b een authenti cated in duplicate by the signature of the Speaker of the House of Commons, shall be deposited in the office of the Commissioners, and in the office of the Duchy of Cornwall, and the map or plan so deposited shall remain at the said offices, to the end that all persons may at all seasonable times have liberty to inspect and peruse the same at their will and pleasure, paying the sum of is. for every such inspection. The Commissioners are to be empowered to purchase the toll-house, and the Commis sioners may accept subscriptions for the purpose of lay ing out and improving the enclosure fur the recreation of the public. The common is to revert to the Duchy of Cornwall, if not maintained as pleasure-grouuds for the recreation of the public. ROYAL ASYLUM OF ST. ANN'S SOCIETY.-A ge neral court of the governors of this charity was ,held yes terday afternoon at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street. The report of the committee had taken into consideration the cases of the orphans who were left destitute in conse• quence of the destruction of the Amazon, and also of the orphan family of Mr. Cumming, late surgeon at Buxton, and had resolved to propose the admission one child in each case into the asylum. It was also proposed to assimilate the mode of conducting the elections to that practised in the London Orphan and the London Infant Asylums. On the motion of Mr. Bernard, and seconded by Mr. Eagleton, it was unanimously resolved, that John Blake, son of the late steward of the Amazon, and Henry Cumming, one of the seven children of the late Mr. Cumming, should be admitted into the asylum without being balloted for. Mr. Chaffers proposed, and Mr. Eagleton seconded the following resolu tion :—" That the rules of the charity be altered so that in future every subscriber, instead of voting for each of thir teen candidates, will only have one vote fq. each guinea subscribed for one candidate." The court was then adjourned till Saturday. SEAMEN'S HOSPITAL SOClETT.—Yesterday, a quarterly court of governors was held at the office, No. 74, King William-street, City, Mr. John Labouchere, treasurer of the society, in the chair. The Hon. Captain F. Maude, R.N., John Wild, Esq., Captains Dixon, Farrer, Probyn, and Madden were among the governors present. The re port of the committee for the last quarter stated, that within that period 700 in-patients had been admitted, and 338 out-patients had received medical treatment; of the former twelve were from her Majesty's ships, and 528 from British and foreign merchant vessels. The number dis charged amounted to 585, and 107 now remained in the hospital. The financial account for the past three months showed the receipts, including former balance of 5501. 143. 3d., donations and subscriptions, 6071. 19s. 91, dividends, 6301., to be 1,9571. 7s. 5d.; expenditure, 1,2871. 12s. 9d , leaving a balance in hand of 6691. 14 s . Bd . The Duke Of' Northumberland, who, it was announced, had consented accept the office, was elected president of the institution, itno the room of Lord Melville, deceased. The report having been adopted, the proceedings terminated with a Vote of thanks to the chairman. THE BRITISH COLONlES.—Y es t erda y ob tained by Sir W. Moles wort h , ing 9 a return, pnd ages, imp or conta tsining from and an a eachtocc of the value was printed seexoftetnhdeextpoorBts s a colon each of the lye latest years for whY of Great Britain in made up, and the quantities and d Ida the same could be h and Irish produce and eclared value of Britis producewanufactures, and the ofquantities foreign and colonial exported from the i s a kingdom to each colony, from 1846 to 1850. e mass of figures in. the rlenturn, showing quantities im ported and exported. British and Irish produce the United Kingdo 1846, the total th d e ec e l x ar p e o d rt and manufactures cies was 17,35,211128/Ivedalaferomof 1847, 15 . 919,9761. ; in 1848, o , th . e British colonies and dependen.. 13,691,4834; in 18 . 49 1 n 16507,714/. ; and, in 1850, 19,432,559/. in the last five 1 3211 b. in 1846 ; 2,917,0331 b. Tybeeagrusan:eirtiees2,ofst,ea exported to the colonies, in 1847 • 1,914,3461 b., in ' 1848 ; 2,456,1961 b. in 1849 ; and 2 1 8 1 5 ,4341 b, in 1850. TO THE ELECTORS OF THE CITY OF NORWICH. bomerleyton Hall, April 6. 1852. Gentlemen, —I have had the honour to receive, through the Mayor, a copy of the resolutions passed at a recent meeting of the Liberal members of the town-council of the city of Norwich. I am also informed by the same authority that meet ings of the Liberal electors of the city will be shortly held, to consider the subject of your future represtu tation. I therefore think it is duo to your intelligence to at once place fully before you my sentiments OR the leading questions now demanding general attention, and I beg your kind indulgence if I be not quite so concisa as I readily might be under circumstances not requiring so detailed an exposition of views. I have now had the gratification of representing you for five years. Though conscious of inability to dis charge the trust with conspicuous credit, I venture to assert with confidence that my attendance in Parliament has been assiduous, and that my votes have been in ac cordance with the principles on which I sought your suffrages in 1847. On no occasion since that time has any important question of practical reform been sub mitted to the Legislature that I have not been, as was my duty, at my post, and I am proud to know that I have thereby secured a continuance of the confidence with which you originally honoured me. So much for the past;—now for the topics which immediately challenge our contemplation. The first, the paramount one—is, shall this country in its commercial legislation be progretsive or retro grade? That is the issue upon which all men now await the judgment of the people. Of the character of the verdict I have no doubt. But as it is possible that the expression of that verdict may be thwarted or per verted by a Government hostile to popular instincts, it becomes essential to understand, if possible, how a policy confessedly the most advantageous can be pursued by those who have hitherto denounced it as most pernicious. I am as freely disposed as any person to recognise the doctrine " Measures, not men." But the present is a moment when the working value of measures must be estimated by the character of those who administer them. It was the certainty of free trade and the cause of re form generally being safe in the hands of the late Go vernment that rendered the country and its representa tives comparatively indifferent to the rapid advancement of numerous reforms much needed; and it is the well founded distrust of those now in office that creates the natural fear that not only will commercial progress find I no favour among them, but that a backward policy I will be attempted. And how can it be otherwise if we accept the repeated and recent declarations of • the Ministry, on the hustings and in Parliament, that free trade is and must continue to be hurtful to every great interest of the empire? From free trade and cheap sugar the Colonial Secretary deduces the ruin of our West Indian dependencies. The East Indian Minister tells the electors of Stamford that free trade in shipping has paralysed England's right arm—the navy. In the House of Commons ho repeats the assertion, though refuted by the experience of the most competent anthorities from all parts of the kingdom, and he im plies that be has some plan for virtually restoring the old state of things, though the First Minister uncondi tionally admits that the navigation-laws are for ever abolished. The President of the Board of Trade dis cerns otherwise undiscoverable social evils, including Australian and Californian gold, in unrestricted imports. The Irish Attorney-General connects the calamity of economic justice with the misery of a cheap loaf, and lements both as a subversion of the constitution. While the Chancellor of the Exchequer contends that to save corn, sugar, and shipping, his budget is indispensable. Its meaning, probably, nobody will know till the coming appeal to the country shall be decided. At present, however, we may assume that it can not be free trade. It is for you and the electors of England to say if it shall be the reverse of free trade. Six years we have been living under a free trade regime, and with what result? George the Second's reign is usually referred to as an auspicious era in British annals, and was one of long peace and plenteous ness. But it bore no comparison to the present, at least as regards the material interests of the population. Whatever be thought of other sections of the State, it is admitted on all hands that never before did industrial labour produce so great a command of substantial com forts. Prices have fallen, on the average, 20 to 40 per cent., while wages have scarcely declined; in many in stances they have greatly advanced, owing to the in creased employment which abundance of food never fails to occasion. If it were not that this abundance could be proved by unquestionable data, its vastness would be quite beyond belief. Exclusive of almost countless supplies of consumable articles of nearly every de scription under the modern tariff, our imports of corn, flour, and meal have averaged upwards of ten million quarters per annum. This it is tbat as sures a " bold peasantry." This it is that is really mak ing them " their country's pride." At the same time almost any large borough may be selected at random, as showing a corresponding improvement in the urban population. For instance, in the capital of the Midlands, Birmingham, last year 1,329 new houses or manufacto ries were erected—almost double the number of any pre ceding year, and entirely by the smaller class of trades. people. Pauperism had fallen off by four-fifths; while the artisans alone had invested in freehold land societies 70,0001. Similar prosperity is recorded of Manchester, Leeds, and other hives of skilled labour. Ascending to the next grade in the social scale, the capitalist class, similar proofs abound. If our imports of grain have been large, our exp or t s o f manufactures have been larger still, exceeding a ll ant i c i pat i on. Thus, in three intervals of five years we have : Yrs. Imports. OfficialVidue o f I D ec l ared Value Exports. of Exports. 1840 X 67,494,710 X 116,481,015 X 51,406,430 1845 85,297,508 150,877,782 60,111.082 1850 100,460,433 197.309 , 87 6 74367,885 The duty on corn, as you are aware, ceased in July, 1849 and our annual exports have increased by more than 21,000,000/. in 1851, as compared with 1848. Con sidering the innumerable branches of industry affected by such works, it will be admitted that much internal prosperity must have resulted from the fact that, whereas in 1845, only 2,024 miles of railroad had been opened, costing 71,649,000/., in 1851, there had been opened close on 7.000 miles, involving an expenditure of 236,841,420 1 . Now, whence, I would ask came or twenty came this extra i n vestment of 165,000,0001., i n t h e six ye six millions the average per annu m ? Whence but f rom the unexampled prosperity of trade. Nor is it in thisl channel only that capital has been fruitfully flowing. The creation has gone on apace of mills, factories, docks, wharfs, and warehouses; not a little has also gone on in shipthere was no n eg l ect of Lord Derby ' s ad vicedraining; and yet cap i tal has cont i nue d to i a building; s t o abound at 2} per cent. in all monetary avenues ; while nearly twenty millions of gold are lying in the vaults of the Bank of England. Again : At the commencement of free trade in shipping, in 1848, the amount of our mercantile tonnage was 4,050,190 tons, employing 236,906 men; in three years, at the close of 1851, the tonnage exceeded 4,300,000 tons, and the men 240,000. The Right Hon. Member for Oxfordshire lately im plied that free trade had increased vice ; but the answer is that in 1841 the committals were 27,760; in 1850 they were 28,813—a diminution, not an augmentation of crime, seeing that the population of the kingdom has advanced thirteen per cent. in the last ten years. There can be little doubt that the moral as well as physical well-being of the people hus lately been in rapid course of improvement; and every man conversant with great towns is aware that the instance of Glasgow, cited with such unanswerable effect by Sir J. Graham, in a recent debate, is an average typo of the actual position of all our manufacturing population. Intemperance has everywhere greatly declined, espe cially in the metropolis. In pauper maintenance there has been a saving of 11 per cent, in the latter half of 1851, as compared with that of 1850. In that one item alons there is a most material direct relief to the landed interest, who, it is to be remembered, have likewise shared in the general benefit of reduced cost of living, and in the indescribable advantage resulting from a state of society where the masses, being employed, well paid, and well fed, are necessarily contented, and attached to the institutions which secure them against the encroach ments of others. The Income Tax returns show likewise that their at. sessmeats in 1843 were 2,419,3291, and in 1849 2,656,7961.. an increase of a quarter of a million in `ix years, which, at 7J. in the pound, attests no small addi• tion of revenue. But although facts establishing th e beneficial results of free trade are numberless, th ere i s only one point further to which I will advert, and the more emphati cally, because it has not received the attentiwneohnteiabttesceatehumass to me to deserve. Minister s d er id e the people's dread of a ss. duty lest it should d erange the commercial and et ognelnyer4asl.bhnesiandedsesdoftthhethernextriyst.ing Butit is price of future wheat would not th ere b y b e enhanced by double or treble that amount. Much of the wheat now preparing for the English market throughout the world would the tax i s l evied on that ce A as n e d to it fin is d n i ( t ) s t w si a m y here. ply that which is imported, but upon all that is consumed in the there b w e h kingdom ; for, supposing Ireland 30,000,000 quarters of 35,000,000, and though the il t G a r n e d a t s ß ,o r o i o ts , i o n vvo.o a o n i d e imported, virtually the tax will be levied on the.. on n..le .. duty be actually u p n aj i d ng the actual amo g uut paid by the . people 5,000,000 foreign goin 250,0001., to revenue, o ßi l u , ar" ple will have we are fighting been 8,750,000/. And who would a this sum? Undoubt edly the mass of the people.ln preventing its re-impo sitionof humanity —. the • - r bread for which it has right to eat the laboured. • the continuance of But whilst strenuously advocating and I think free trade, I am not insensible great, necessarily been atoccoosmupdadnenie,ichoymmereial change, tthat huet thehe landed interest, to remove any burden passed off to a consider able though degree that, yet l T ? e 1 i pressuredh Ty which is born ® hu which land is liable is a fair m at _ to nfatrly by the land. The whole sub ject of the taxation .00 ter of inquiry -. r e the Legislature, and if there ar e burdens by t.xation on land to promote national obj ects, be borne by the land exclusi ve l y , let them no longer b lexed with doubt as to the mod e , nature, If, then, a ne m corn tax e untenable, why sh ou ld t h e n ation be p - rp and date of its imposition? What is there in the ante cedents of the men now in office that should entitle them to our confidence? Is it not a fact that the majority of them are known in public lire only by professions of hostility to every popular tendency? What can be sa i d to give them strength at the present time? Surely i t cannot be their well-known acts and long and openly avowed opinions. It the Reform Bill of the late Cabinet failed to satisfy the just requirements of the people, ti cw is it possible that they can fill the void? Is is not true that they refuse to admit that numbers and intelligence shall confer the franchise, if it be not distributed ac cording to a geographical arrangement, originally i n . defelasible, tiud 491 Y more tlasu ern ACCli94§bits? But it would be trifling with your intelligence to sup pose you can think such a Ministry can continue is office, not only without a majority of the people's repro seutatives to support their general pretensions, but with out any ostensible policy whatever. Nevertheless, I be lieve that they will unintentionally be the occasion of much abiding national good. Already there have been evolved the elements not only of a still more liberalised Government than the last, but there has been a mutual re cognition among all sections of Parliamentary Liberals of the basis of a measure that shall go a long way towards remedying abuses that have been the scandal of our electoral system. This co-operation alone is wanting. Without it political improvement throughout the king dom will again be arrested for an ind, finite time. Not only will there be no re-adjustment of the franchise, but there will be no security fur the just enjoyment of what is already possesed; and it is for you, and for all large constituencies, to say, whether you will permit any Go vernment to stand betwee❑ you and the reforms you de sire? Of those reforms an extension of the suffrage is one of the most pressing. It must also be apportioned o❑ a principle that shall give numbers and intelligence their just weight. It has lately been attempted to be shown by a leading member of the Government that the electoral body bears a much larger proportion to the non electoral than is supposed; that the privilege of voting is equitably dis tributed, or rather preponderates in favour of towns population as compared with the rural interest; that no re-distribution of the existing franchise is needed, and no increase in the number of voters ought to be looked for. The answer is, that the same thing was said be fore the Bill of 1832, and with little more reason. Whether the electors are to the non-electors as one in six, as contended by the advocates of extension, or as one in four, or even one in two, according to the state ment of the Chancellor of the Exchequer—the fact is equally notorious that the present system abounds in contradictions, which ought to be altogether put an end to. It is within the cognizance of every individual who looks around him that a voice in the election of representatives is denied to large and ♦aried classes who are most eligible for its enjoy ment, whether regard be had to their num bers, their information, or their independence of cha racter. It is equally well known that, from various causes, the present limited franchise is not fully availed of by those now possessing it; while many are coerced to exercise it in a direction the reverse of what their own impulses and convictions would naturally prompt. For the latter evil the protection of the ballot is the ob vious corrective; but I am persuaded that it would be rendered unnecessary with a judicious enlargement of the franchise, which would ensure the unshackled ex pression of the opinion of the whole electoral body; and such was the consideration that dictated my vote on Mr. Hume's Reform motion on the 25th ult. Entertaining these sentiments, gentlemen, and trusting that your approbation will enable me to give them effi cacy in Parliament, as well as to those numerous mea sures of social, sanitary, and legal improvement which so urgently demand legislative attention, I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, Your most obedient and faithful servant, S. M. Prro. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, THORSDIY.—The additions to the Royal dinner party, yesterday, were his Serene Highness Prince Lropold of Saxe Cobourg, Lady Caroline Bar rington, and Colonel Hon. C. B. Phipps. Tne Queen and Prince Albert walked in the Home Park and Slopes this morning. The Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the younger members of the Royal Family, took walking and pony exercise. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horse- back this forenoon, attended by Colonel F. H. Seymour. His Serene Highness Prince Leopold of Saxe Cobourg' left Windsor, to-day, for town. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited her Majesty to-day. Earl Somers had an interview with Mr. Secretary Walpole, esterday, at the Home-office. The D u ke of Buckingham had also an interview with the Right Hon• Gentleman. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Disraeli left town yesterday, fur their seat, Bradenham, near High Wycombe. Mr. Colquhoun had an interview with Mr. Secretary Walpole yesterday. Dispatches were sent from the Colonial-office to the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, .the Governor of Ceylon, and the Governor of Malts, yesterday. Her Majesty's royal bounties were distributed on Monday and Tuesday to the usual number of aged a nd meritorious poor, and yesterday (Maunday Thursday) the royal charities were distributed in Whitehall Chapel to 33 aged men and 33 aged women, with the customary' formalities. At two o'clock in the afternoon a procession, consist' lag of a yeoman usher and twelve yeomen of the guard (one carrying the alms on a gold salver), the Rev. Dr. Jelf, Sub-Almoner; Joseph Hanby, Esq., Secretary arld - Yeoman of the Almonry; the Assistant, accompanied bi six children (three boys and three girls), from the Na' tional Schools in Westminster, who had been selected for, good conduct to p a rti c ip a t e i n thi s p r i v il ege , p rocee ded to the Chapel. The procession was joined, at the entrance to the Chapel, by the Lord Bishop of Oxford, Lord High Al' mover; also by the Sub-Dean, the Rev. Dr. Weslef; the Priests of the Chapel Royal; the Gentlemen sod Choristers—viz , Priests—the Revs. Hall, Clarke, Hs den, Povah, Lepton, and Balfour ; the Gentlemen- -- * Messrs. Hobbs, Barnby, Bradbury, Shobridge, Chapmaar Grey, and Benson. The clergy and officers having taken their respective seats, the Church Service appointed for the afternoon commenced:— Exhortation, Confession, Absolution, &c. 41st Psalm (the Grand Chaunt). First Lesson, St. Matthew, chap. 25, from v. 14 to v. 31 ' First Anthem (41st Psalm). • " Blessed is he that considereth the poor and needy; the Lord shall deliver him in the time of trouble 21. 15s. distributed to each woman. To each man shoes and stockings. Second Anthem (a prayer). " Hide not Thou Thy face from us, 0 Lord, and es's; not off Thy servants in Thy displeasure; for we conies! our sins unto Thee, and bide not our unrighteousness. " For Thy mercy's sake deliver ua from all our sins" Woollen and linen cloths distributed Third Anthem (61st Psalm.) uindinisgtrib distributed. 10,., (6th and 7th v e r ses, an d 18th verse of 132 d Psalm.) " 0 Lord, gran t t h e Q ueen a long life " (Nano.) purse echsurveedr PpeunrnsiesPeconrsteus, corresponding in number with the age of tho Q ueen, and each white The Sec on d L esson. (The 25th chapter of St. Matthew, beginning at th e 31st verse.) Fourth Anthem. (The Ist and 16th verses of 63rd chapter of Isaiah, and the 9th verse of 21st chapter of Matthew.) Commencing with, " Who is this that cometh from Edom," and concluding with "Ho . - sannah in th e hi g h est! Ameu " ..... ~...... ( Arno* The di s p ensat i on concluded with the two Jollowing prayers, composed for the occasion : " Oh, Lord, the Sovereign of the world, we acknow: ledge that Thine is the greatness, and the power, and the g l ory , and the victory, and the majesty; for all that is in the Heaven and in the earth 1 Thine. Thine is the 0 Lord, and kingdom, Thou art exalted as Head a b ove a ll ; both riches and honour come of Thee, and Thou reignest over it is to m a k e great , all. In Thy hand is power and might, and in Thy han d , 104 therefore, our God, we thank Theeand praise Thy g . , rious name, that thou bast not only bestowed greatnes s to give strength unto all. Nowt and majesty upon our Sovereign Lady Queen Victoria, but hast given her a heart also to take compassion on them that are below her, and show mercy unto the poor good things. whichand needy. Accept, most Gracious God, of this tribute she pays unto Thee, the giver of all and make her still more fruitful and abundant in tiles:, and all other good works, th4t by mercy and truth sh And stir up the hearts of all those who r may be preserved, and her throne upholders b b y ea m n e p re s f r : Thee continually for set' it, and both to bless and praise 5.. ' ess over us. And also pray we takers of her bounty, to be truly thankful unto Th ee fe ling such a Tsino. Princess earnestly- thta.t-Th-on long and prosperous reign th in this world, and with a W c ouldest reward her charity with is o world to come, through Jeans heavenly kingdom in Christ our Lord and o Most blessed God , pleasure in those that fear Th ee and imitate Thy goodness, takest look down from H eaven, the throne of TV glory, Pon w nl h y o Saviour. art good, and Amen.dh e s t good, and us, Thy ser vants, here prostrate before Thee, w" uh thankfully ack nowlcd that we have nothing but what we have received fro m T h-e, and therefore can give Thee nothing but wh at is Thine own. Fill our W h 1c h Thee, ha t hw bestowedith a lively lso many sense h of e n T e ci f% the happiness of doing goo' not able to number them, and like: fuhw w aPel i tas th ernet rstguihyisevwgme thato ,oudasbnnwetdesi underst and a sea' s e a rhe i s t us with th e power o f Th y H o ly Spirit, that we may be faithful stewards of Thy mfoi, fold gifts and graces, followin g t h e s t eps o f our Lord and Master Christ, whom Thou hast sent into the world . , to be a p a tt ern to us of humble goodness; unto vhien, we pray Th ee to quicken us by the consideration that we aro but strangers and acjourners as all our fathers were, our days on the earth being as a shadow, and there is no abiding: That so nothing may tempt us to be high minded, nor to trust in uncertain riches, but in Thee, tlao Living God, who givest all things richly to reen a j d oy it t e h d at ta w tr e ib i t y , store a good foundation for the time to come, tbat Iv° may lay hold on e lv te il r i n i t u sl g li t . Andwe do good, and be rich in good works. communicate, m laying i nhg:rapb humbly beseech Thee in a spacial manner to bless her MajestYt whew Thou hast set over us; keep this ever in the thoughts of her heart, to endeavour to do much good with t h e power which Thou bast given her, and thereby m agnify Thee exci edingly in the sight of all the people jof these r ea l ms, and bestow upon her such Royal Mti eal as b at h not b een on uuy Prince before her: Allw hich we beg f or th e sake of Jesus Christ our roost b lessed Lord and Savio ur , to whom with Thee and the holy Gho s t be all honou r aid glory, world without end. Amen. HER AJRSTY'S THE iIT RE. — MADLLE. JOHANNA B.GNER.—The musical public, much occupied with the whereabout, and, be it added, with the intentions of t h is grea t dramatic art i ste, will soon h ave as opportunity of j u d g i ng of her merits, she i s t o appear in the week her eety's Theatre, And im mediatelyizheruaQ4stuccgbdriantgeaLal4asdtefr at her part. lIN THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 9, 1852. d e I I