The Sun. — London, England, 1866-08-06 00:00:00

BENEDEK'S RETREAT. (From the Times' Military Correspondent) VIENNA, July 30• When the Army of the North retreated on Olmutz after its defeat at Koniggratz, Benedek's in tention was to call together his shattered forces and give them rest behind the line of forts till their strength should be recruited and their spirits re vived, and then either take the field against one of the Prussian columns, or lie in wait for an oppor tunity of cutting off their communications; but though Ohnutz is well provisioned to enable its gar rison to stand a siege, food enough for a large army could not havebeen accumulated from the surround ing country, and the communication with Vienna must have become very difficult, if not completely cut off. This was probably the reason why he re ceived an order to bring his army back over the Danube, and place his corps under the command of the Archduke. After despatching by railway as many troops as possible, with their baggage trains, stores, and artillery, there still remained the greater part of five corps to be conducted to Presburg, for the Prussians had by this time occupied so much of the country that a direct retreat upon Vienna was impossible without fighting a great battle, and this the state of his army forbade. The Ist Corps was sent to occupy Prerau and prevent the 4,500 Prussians known to be some where in the direction of Troppa from descending upon the railway and destroying it. This measure was taken about the 12th of July, and the corps re mained in the position assigned to them until they were joined by the Bth Corps on the 15th. On the 14th the 2d and 4th Corps left Olmutz, and proceeded by way of Tobitschau, Kajetein, Zaimeck, and Ilradisch, meeting with slight resist ance easily overcome at Tobitschau, and marching the rest of the way to Presburg without oppo- sition. On the 15th, the 6th Corps marched by way of Weiskirchen and the valley of the Beckzwa, without being molested by the enemy. On the same day the Bth Corps, and Benedek himself with his Staff, left the lines to follow the course taken by the 2d and 4th Corps on the previous day. The Prussians were known to be in the neighbourhood, and the orders were that this small army was to hold itself prepared to meet the enemy at any point along the route that he might select for an attack. How this order was carried out I leave your military readers to judge from what follows. In front of the column was half a regiment of Lancers ; then a brigade infantry ; after that came four batteries of artillery of reserve, then train, and finally the bulk of the corps, the other half regiment of Lancers bringing up the rear. One of the most obvious precautions in marching through a country where the enemy may be expected to appear is to throw out cavalry patrols and infantry skirmishers on both flanks, to give timely notice of an enemy's advance; but this important. duty appears to have been ne glected, or only half executed, for the Brigade Weber, which marched on the right flank of the column, was too far to the rear, and the cavalry division of Prince Taxis marched from Olmutz at 8 a.m., three hours after the infantry, and did not come up until too late to be of any service. This was no fault of the cavalry leader, for he only obeyed orders. Benedek and his Staff rode near the guns. Disposed as above, the column marched on, and the cavalry in front had already passed through Tobitschau, when the head of the column was at tacked by a Prussian force, which delayed its march, whilea battery of guns took the whole road under its fire, being posted on the rising ground a little to the right of the column, and near its front. At the same time two squadrons of Prussian Cuirassiers of the Guard appeared advancing over the brow of the hill, also to the right, but abreast of the Austrian batteries on the road. Benedek himself ordered three batteries of artillery, one after the other, to come into action against the Prussian guns, so they advanced into the cornfields on the right within 300 or 400 yards of the cavalry, whom they supposed to be part of the division of Prince Taxis, in spite of warning voices among the officers of the Staff, who knew that time had not yet allowed the Austrian horse to come up. Whatever doubts there may have been as to the nationality of the force on the bills were soon solved, for the first squadron of the Prussian cavalry charged the Austrian batteries, not vigorously, but at a slow trot and with ranks that wavered and undulated at every step—" not at all beautiful to see," as an officer on Benedek's Staff expressed himself in conversation. Now, the - - " is accompanied by a small cavalry detachment, intended to act pal 4.1 j as orderlies, partly to lead spare horses, and the number present at this critical moment was barely 40, some of whom had horses to lead, while others carried on their saddles the light luggage needed by an officer for a few days' campaign. But, few and encumbered as they were, some of them were unable to draw their swords, they were animated with a full belief in the superiority of the Austrian cavalry, a belief which had become assurance through a know ledge of the almost invariable success that has at tended the Austrian horse in all its :attacks upon Prussian cavalry alone ; so the Staff Dragoons, with led horses, baggage, undrawn swords and all, flung themselves recklessly upon the Prussian flank just as it had passed between the guns whose drivers re treated rapidly with the limbers. Many of the Staff officers joined in the melee, which was soon settled by the retreat of the Prussian Cuirassiers to rejoin the second squadron which had not mustered up courage to support their comrades. A-few minutes later four new squadrons appeared to swell the numbers of the Cuirassiers, when they charged again, and this time captured two of the batteries, which were quite unprotected. As infantry was accumulating on the Prussian side, the Bth Corps formed front to the enemy in line of battle, but about this time Prince Taxis came up and re ported that two Prussian corps were advancing to attack, so the Austrians withdrew to the left bank of the March by a bridge at Dub, in the direction of Prerau, where they arrived after a march of 21 hours from Olmutz, driven from their intended line of retreat, and with another unsucess ful affair to brood over. It is painful to have to re late the gradual demoralisation of brave troops, but I am compelled to say that the infantry had by this time lost all heart. They had been taught that their rush was to be irresistible, and they had piled up hecatombs of slain in front of the first Prussian po sitions in their gallant attempts to verify the belief, but they had failed—signally failed—to drive back those lines topped with spikes and fringed with im movable steel and perpetual fire. The odds were always three or four to one against them, even if the numbers of men were equal ; what now remained but to creep home to Vienna, and tell their Emperor that his children had been faithful unto death, though so cruelly beaten, and to warn him that they could not win under the conditions placed before them ? Every messenger from Vienna was charged to say on his re t urn, " M a k e peace, or t h e army w ill b e an nihilated." Every spirit was oppressed by the g r avity of the situation. Every heart failed for fear. And y e t not all. Prince Rupert's cavaliers were never more confident nor more reckless than were Edel sheim's llussars and Lancers. how they dashed at anything i n t he anal)of cavalry . that appeared, how they harassed the enemy ie d n t 3 0 - and protected their army's retreat, how th ey t tempt the Prussian horse men to engage with "Blacken Waffen," and how completely (whatever the Prussian may say) they established the superiority the Aust r i an h orse, will some day be described byoa than mine. For the pres ent it must re eloquent p in suffice to give en their the opinions of Prussian themselvesofficers conver sations with parlenzentaires and Austrian officers with whom the truce has brought them in contact. "We cannot sufficiently praise your cavalry and artillery, but for your infantry we have learnt to care nothing." Dashing achievements seldom fall to the lot of artillery ; but who cam re fuse the hero's crown to the bOy lieutenant who, sole survivor of the officers in his battery at Konig grata, was ordered by an aide-de-camp to retire his guns, and simply answered —" How can I ? I have only 12 horses, and about one gun detachment Wt." He succeeded, however, in dragging away two guns. On the same day or the next there was an alarm of Prussian Hussars near Prerau, and Col. lar- burg determined to bring the two advancing squad rons to close quarters, concealed three Austrian squadrons behind the brow of a hill, and placed one small detachment at the top. The Prussians swooped down upon their easy prey, when the Austrians charged down upon the enemy's flank, killing many and taking 30 prisoners. But infantry is the backbone of an army, and neither the devotion and good practice of the artil: lery nor the dashing gallantry of the cavalry could make up for the terror of the Prussians, that had become the ruling thought of the foot soldiers who had suffered so terribly from the needle-gun. A sudden alarm of the enemy sent two brigades of the Ist corps flying from Prcrau towards the Carpa thians, nor could any message stop them. Many of the men threw away their arms during the Prus sian attack, and Benedek had to issue an order that any man who had not found his rifle by the next day's hour of marching would be shot. At first he talked of shooting all who had thrown away their weapons, but the victims would have borne a fair proportion to the executioners. So the soldiers went out in the night fog, and picked up the miss ing muzzle-loaders. Afcer these humiliating events the retreat through the Carpathians was uninter rupted ; the men gathered strength and courage every day, and looked well enough as they passed through Presburg. Miscellaneous American News. General Dix has written a letter in support of the Philadelphia Convention. lle gives hand, heart, and sword to the propositions, reasons, and objects of the club. The Democrats of the six Congres signal districts of New York have elected their dele gates for the Convention. In the Fifth District Judge Moncrieff, in the Sixth Washington Hunt and Dr. Sayre, the port physician, are among the elect. The Eighth sends James Brookes, and the Ninth Fernando Wood. Governor Seward writes to Senator Doolittle that he is surprised that any one should ask whether he does or does not oppose the cause of the Convention, and asks, " that the citizen who objects to the Convention should pro pose a better plan of proceeding to effect the desired end." No other plan is proposed or even thought of. The Tribune says, when Messrs. Randall, Dixon, and Co. issued the call for the National Convention, they seemed to invite and expect that said Convention should embody the sentiment and express the predominant convictions of the Union party, of that Union party which sternly resisted and subdued the Rebellion, of that Union party which nominated Lincoln and Johnson, and elected them over M'Clellan and Pendleton. We said at once, this call is a fraud. Its authors do not expect or desire the attendance of delegates who shall faithfully represent the Union party. They desire and expect to carry off a mere salvage of this party, composed mainly of office-holders, and unite it with the Democratic M'Clellan party of 1864, thereby securing to the latter the government of the country. This statement was denounced and stigmatised ; but a few days have sufficed to demonstrate its truth. The Union party of 1861-5 refuses to at tend or countenance the Convention. Not ten out of its 180 members of Congress countenance it, while their advisers do so to a man. Thus the Con vention will be a gathering of those who resolved at Chicago, in 1864, that the War of the Union had been a failure, and nominated accordingly. Its objects, its instincts, its oracles, will be the same that they have been. Its success will be the down fall of all who triumphed with Lincoln and Grant. Lieutenant-Ell'eneral Grant has been raised to the rank of General. The following order, dated Head-quarters of the Army, Washington, July Ist, would argue that the General was not an advocate of the President's policy ; but as the President is commander-in-chief of the army, we cannot under stand how such an order could be issued without his sanction : (General Order, No. 44.) District, Department, and Post-Commanders in States lately in rebellion are hereby directed to ar rest all persons who have been, or may hereafter be, charged with commission of crimes ' • and offences against officers, agents, citizens, and inhabitants of the United States, irrespective of colour, in cases where the civil authorities had failed, neglected, or are unable to arrest and bring such parties to trial, and to detain them in military confinement until such time as a proper judicial tribunal may be ready and willing to try them. A strict enforcement of this order is required. (By command of Lieut.-General Grant,) E. D. TOWNSEND, Assist.-Adjt.-General. This is regarded as the.mostimportant paper which has been printed for months. If not paralysed by i* will nrovo rt. terror to evil-doers and a much-needed shield to the persecuted loyalists of the South. It is equivalent, adds the Tribune, to a fresh proclamation of martial law in the South, where no other law operates to protect those who have been faithful to the Union. The news received by the French Government from Mexico to the 29th of June is rather in teresting. At the moment of the departure of the mail Marshal Bazaine was informed that the Mexican brigade, commanded by General Oldera, 1,600 strong, having left Matamoras to escort a convoy of merchandise to Monterey, had been sur prised and attacked by Escobedo with 4,000 men on the 16th June at Berrendo. The convoy was overpowered, and the Mexican troops, partly de stroyed, left 500 men in the hands of the enemy. General Mejia had only 500 Mexican troops and Urban militia to defend Matamoras. All was ready for an energetic resistance, when the inhabitants, alarmed at the insufficiency of the means of de fence, determined to capitulate. No details had arrived respecting the reduction of the place, but it was known that General M e ji a - obtained for his small garrison an honourable capitulation, and the most favourable conditions for the population of Matamoras. The General had landed with his troops at Vera Cruz. Michoacan was still infested with guerillas. A detachment of the Auitrian legion was attacked on the 12th of June at Tehuatlan by 400 disaffected in a strong position, but after a com bat of several hours they were dislodged with con siderable loss. The Atlantic and Mississippi Steamship Company are contracting for a number of barges to bo built at Cincin nati, and are also about to purchase several powerful tugs, all of which are to bo used in freighting business, it being , , the design to ultimately do all the freighting business by barges, leaving the large steamers entirely for passenger trade. San Francisco has a new daily paper called the Times. n g N s e i az E by lls s w id o e, rt o h e , c M up a ie in d e b , t y h fi er v e o a t r h e r fi if v v e m hzes br s o t t a h n er d s - , who married five sisters. A cook in Washington used calomel instead of soda in making a batch of biscuits a few days ago, and the partakers haven't got over the medication yet. Professor Agassiz says that the strip of " high lands which divide the waters flowing into the St. Law rence from those flowing into the Atlantic," is the oldest land in the world. It was once a lonely sea beach, washed by a universal ocean. California exports an average of $125 annually for each inhabitant of the State, and imports nearly as much. England exports only $4O per person. The fair of the New England and Vermont State agricultufal societies will be held on the grounds of the Windham Park Association, at Brattleboro', Vt., Sept. 4,5, G, and 7, 1866. The burned district at Portland has been ac curately surveyed and found to cover an area of 327 acres, so thoroughly burnt that scarcely 10 cords of charred wood could be gathered from the ruins. Some 70 children have been born in the tents ou Munjoy Hill since the fire. The Southern Telegraph Company propose a line from Cincinnati to Louisvil'e, Nashville, Memphis, Vicks burg, Mobile, and New Orleans. One grain of wheat in Missouri produced 75 stalks averaging 29 grains each, or an aggregate of 2,175 grains. Mr. Lindsley, the clergyman who whipped his child to d ea th, on l y th ree years old, because it would not say its praye rs , an d w h o was re l ease d on 6 1 0 , 000 bail, im mediately on being se t a t liberty went to the house of his brother-in-law to stay, but was not. allowed to do so, the brother-in-law fearing that his house would be torn down by an excited mob ; and the miserable man has again taken up his quarters in the gaol at Albion; this time voluntarily, but really to escape summary punishment at the hands of an infuriated and indignant public;. Among other curious incidents of the Portland fire, it is said that a man who had been locked up in gaol slept through the fire in his cell, although the' building was burned over his head. He was discharged tl to next morn ing, having been " tried as by fire." Among the losers by the fire in Pox nand was THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY E v iN G, AUGUST 6, 1866. Akers, the sculptor. His studio in the City Hall was en- Airely destroyed with all its contents, including not only his finished and unfinished works, but letters from his brother Paul, and many other memorials of friendship and travel which can never be replaced. General 'Webster, formerly Chief of Staff to Gen. Sherman, has purchased an interest in a large iron manu facturing establishment in Alabama. Senator James Lane died at Leavenworth, Kan sas, July 11. Mr. Arthur Sketchley intends taking " Mrs. Brown" to America. Mr. Sketchley's illustration of a vul gar old Englishwoman is so perfect that it will be proba bly thoroughly appreciated by intelligent Americans who have read of Mrs. Gamp. That thole is no such personage in existence in the western hemisphere proves nothing — we Lad never seen anything approximating to a " Yankoee gal," and yet Mrs. Barney Williams had no need to com plain of . her first reception or her ultimate success. It is stated on apparently good authority that Mr. Jefferson Davis has expressed displeasure at the tone and many of the statements in the work recently published professing to describe his prison life ; and that hn has authorised Captain Titlow, who superintended his "shack ling," to contradict several of the most melodramatic points in the account of that event. it is said that Mr. George Peabody intends pay ing for the erection of a fine building in connection with Yale College for a geographical cabinet, with accommoda tion also for a chemical laboratory and a philosophical lecture-room. Great excitement exists in the 'Western States concerning the charge brought against a German named Masson of having deliberately spread trichinae amongst his hogs in the State of lowa with the hope that a re ward would be offered by the authorities for every hog so diseased. The Judiciary Committee of the House of Repre sentatives, it is said, will soon make a report declaring that they have found nothing implicating Mr. Jefferson Davis with the assassination of Mr. Lincoln. A company is distilling turpentine and oil from the pine woods in Mississippi. From one cord are distilled 25 gallons spirits turpentine, 50 gallons oil, 100 gallons pyroligneous acid, 5 gallons alcohol, 11 barrels pitch er rosin, 1 barrel tar, 800 feet illuminating gas, superior to that made of coal, and 50 bushels charcoal. HEAT IN NEW YORK.— rhe New Ycrk Board of Health report that in the last week of June the mean temperature for the entire week, night and day, was nearly 78 degrees. The thermometer reached 94. The returns made by the Board showed 12 sudden deaths in the city from sunstroke, and 12 from congestion of the brain and effects of heat. "The Edinburgh Review" on the American Navy. We had occasion lately to allude to an article on Ameri can matters in Blackwood's Magazine, written in that pre judiced, one-sided manner, so much to be deplored in notices on America by foreign periodicals. The article now before us is of a very different stamp. The subject begins by a remark of the Prince de Joinvillo, showing the _ _ _ _ _ enormous magnitude of the task to be undertaken by the United States Navy when the Government became fairly entangled in the great war, which by every means in their power they had tried to avoid. The American Navy was unprepared, and a less energetic people would have given up the task in despair. The few ships in commission were nearly all abroad at foreign stations, and the difficulties were increased by a wholesale desertion of the service by the trained officers, who were mostly Southerners, casting in their lot with the States in revolt. Capt. Fox, who had retired from tho navy, was the first officer who submitted a plan to tho Government, and this was for relieving Port Sumter, then held by Major Anderson against the militia of South Carolina. Finding little encouragement and great vacillation from the Executive, under President Buchanan, he laid his scheme before some merchants at New York, where it was well received, and much encou ragement given. Although President Lincoln sacrificed this officer in carrying out another plan, the energy and •-• pluck exhibited by Captain Fox so won the President that that officer was appointed Under-Secretary for the Navy. The great fertility of resource developed by him in conjunction with his chief, Mr. Welles, quickly made the American Navy a Most formidable instrument in the hands of the Executive. The extraordinary rise of the United States Navy is faithfully detailed in the Review, and the services performed by the fleet are briefly and truthfully noticed. It would require volumes to give in detail the series of naval actions —the attacly, bombard ments, blockades, river fights, and combinations with the land forces, which have added so vastly to the renown of the United States Navy during the four years' war. One of the earliest and most important operations, and one solely due to the fleet, was the capture of New Orleans, and the consequent occupation of the Mississippi from Vicksburgh to the sea. The Edinburgh calls it " the greatest success, as a purely naval engagement, of the whole war—the greatest in naval history since Exmouth's victory at Algiers." Captain Farragut, whom Welles had especially selected, as fitted, by his resolute character to take charge of the active operations in that quarter, ar rived at the scene of action on the 20th February. The Western Gulf squadron, hitherto under the command of M'Kean, had been gradually increased from a few block ading vessels to a powerful fleet of 6 steam frigates and 12 large gunboats. To these a flotilla of 20 bomb vessels, under Porter (raised to Commander rank for his earlier services), were added by the 18th March. But the obstacles to be overcome were of the most formidable character. Two strong forth—Jackson on the west bank and St. Philip on the east —were connected by a huge boom of rafts and hulks, the approach to which, to be made against a powerful current, they swept with a fire of 80 guns, and seemed thus to bar wholly tho way up the stream. Above this obstruction a flotilla of gunboats was ready to support the fire of the works, and ironclad rams were known to have been some time in preparation, in order to employ in the coming warfare that use of the blow of the prow, disused for so many centuries but now revived by the power of steam." _ _ An attempt of this kind had already been tried for the first time in modern warfare by Hollins in-the Confederate ram Manassas, with partial success. Though General Butler with 18,000 men was present, the navy, unsupported, were to effect the capture of New Orleans. The War Department, with Pakenham's failure before them, set aside all thoughts of employing troops, and gave to Farra gut the following instructions :—" When you are com pletely ready . . . . you will proceed up the Mississippi River and reduce the defences which guard the approach to New Orleans ; when you will appear off that city and take possession of it under the guns of your squadron and hoist the American flag therein, keeping possession till troops can be sent to you. As you have expressed your self satisfied with the forces given to you, and as many more powerful vessels will be added before you can com mence operation; the Department and the country will require of you—success." Had the Confederate resistance been as perfectly organised as was then supposed, this success would have been all but impossible. The official reports laid before the Richmond Congress show that not only was much of the material preparation left undone, but that the commanders were wanting in the vigour, unity, and activity of .their formidable assailants. Farragut on the eve of the action want the round of the fleet. He saw that each ship understood what her part was to be, and he picked up ideas from his contact with the commanders, which he carried into practice. The first of these came from the engineer of the Richmond, who proposed that the sheet cables should he stopped up and down the sides in the line of the engines. It will be remembered that great credit was given to the Kearsago for adopting this plan, which in England was supposed to be original, in her con flict with the Alabama. Every expedient the commanders could think of was adopted.to cover the crews from the fearful fire they looked for. Hammocks. coal-dust, &c., were used to strengthen the defences ; some rubbed their vessels over with mud to make them less visible at night, the period for the desperate passage ; some whitewashed their decks that the men might see the better around them. The assault was preluded by a bombardment from Porter's heavy mortars, the flotilla being towed into position on the morning of the 18th of April, and on that day 3,000 large shells were thrown into the forts. The Federal prepara tions and the decision and vigour of their attack contrasted strongly with the divided counsel and insufficient arma ment opposed to them. The Confederates appear to have oeen auve to tho US. 01 iron-clad vessels, of which two large specimens, intended both for ramming and carrying guns in shot proof batteries, were being prepared at New Orleans. Happily for the success of the Federal fleet, the mechanical means which their foes controlled were by no means equal to their powers of conception. These iron clads designed for the Ist February were unprepared when the fleet, three months later, burst its way through to the fated city. A storm, accompanied by a flood, parted the chains and damaged the raft as an obstruction, but the continued efforts of the commander of the forts obtained three 10- inch and three 8-inch Colombiad hollow shot guns and five large mortars, and these were just mounted before the assault. For six long days the garrison endured the piti less fire rained on them by Porter. The casemates were injured and several guns disabled by the 13-inch shells, and the unprotected barracks almost immediately de stroyed. But the vast expenditure of Federal ammunition determined Farragut to hurry on the endeavour to pass the batteries by main force in the hours of darkness. On the third night, under cover of a furious fire, two gunboats assayed the destruction of the barricade by means of petards. "This duty," says Admiral Farragut, "was not thoroughly performed in consequence of the failure to ignite the petards with the galvanic battery." At this time no officer of the American services had been trained to the use of the powerful engines of destruction to which they after i wards so fully attained. " Still," he continue; "it was a success, and, under the circumstances, a highly meritorious one." A schooner in the barricade was grap pled by the Itasca, boarded and detached from the chain; and a way was then laid open. She was seen, and a heavy fire from the forts forced her to retire. On the following night the garrison were cheered by the descent, from New Orleans . , of the Louisiana, mounting 16 heavy guns, one of the two ironclad rafts. The junction of this vessel, however, only brought out more prominently the split in the counsels of the Confede rates. Of course, the military and naval authorities were at loggerheads. Nor was this all. The Navy was divided against each other. The Volunteer officers refused to obey the commander of the regular service. In vain the mili tary urgently advised that the Louisiana should be brought prominently forward to take part in the action. She was still incomplete, and her motive power was insufficient, so she was carefully kept in a place of safety. Even the fire ships, - of which there were abundance, were not sent against Porter's fleet, as the tugs allotted for the duty were still under repair. General Lovell writes as follows: " The river defence fleet proved a failure, for the very rea son set forth in my letter to the Department of 15th April. Unable to govern themselves, and unwilling to be g overned by other; their almost total want of systems v i g ilance, and discipline rendered them useless and helples s when the enemy finally dashed upon them suddenly in a dark night." The garrison, hoping nothing from the steamers, did what they could under Porter's withering fire to repair damages. The 23d April broke warm and clear; but as night drew on the Federal fire slackened, and Duncan in terpreted the omen correctly, and earnestly pressed Mit chell to move the Louisiana into a position where the guns could aid the defence. Ile pointed out that the enemy were marking by a line of white flags what he knew must be their advance, and received the fatal reply—" that disas trous too late;"' theironclad would bo ready the next even ing. Before that evening arrived she was prepared to be blown up by her commander's orders, and having boon kept carefully out of harm's way, the only damage she did was the injury caused to the garrison by the explosion. At 2 o'clock on the morning of the 24th Farragut gave his pre-arranged signal, and the advance began in two columns. The gunboat Cuayaga led the right under Bailey, followed by the steam frigate Pensacola and five other gunboats in succession. The gunboat Sciota led the left, followed by the Admiral in the Hartford, two other frigates and five gunboats. They had no knowledge of the divided counsels of their opponents to give them confi dence, and the attack was considered ono of great despera tion. A general order had been published to the fleet, which ran as follows :—" When, in the opinion of the Flag officer, the propitious time has arrived, the signal will be made to weigh and advance to the conflict. If, in his opinion, at the time of arriving at their respective posi tions of the different divisions of the fleet, we have the ad vantage, he will make the signal for close action No. 8, and abide the result —conquer, or be conquered—drop anchor, or keep under weigh as in his opinion is best." At half-past three the fleet approached the barrier which, severely damaged, gave way to the rush of the leading gunboats. The bomb-vessels maintained their heavy fire, and now the forts opened on both the columns, and one of the most fearful scenes began which naval annals re cord. Tho darkness of the night, the closeness of the action, and the tremendous calibre of the Federal cannon, made it hopeless for an officer to do more than control the movements of a single ship. The energies of the flag officer were soon tasked to the utmost to save his own vessel. A fire-raft came down ou him, and the ship was run ashore in the attempt to avoid it. The ram Manassas guided the raft, and before the Admiral could back off the frigate was on fire half way up to her tops; butwith his ship in flames his battery never ceased, and Fort St. Philip, opposite to which he had got, was almost silenced under the fearful cannonade. Terrible as was the position of the forts the gunners bravely maintained the fight. Driven from their guns the slackening in the fire brought them forth instantly to reply with their feebler pieces to the storm of grape hurled at them from 9-inch and 11-inch guns. The combat was one of giants, and both North and South gave conclusive proofs of that dauntless gallantry which was destined to come out so brightly hereafter, and almost to cover with its dazzling brilliancy the great crimes perpe trated by this wanton rebellion. The gunboats Itasca, Kennebec, and Winona became entangled in portions of the barrier after the frigates bad gone by, and unable to endure the fire of the forts were compelled to head down stream and thus separate them selves from the fleet. The columns were now beyond the barrier, and so far the way to New Orleans was open, but Mitchell's squadron had yet to be encountered. The Federals estimated this force at 13 gunboats and 2 ironclads, but the truth was far within this, and the action which ensued quickly settled the points of comparative strength. The Governor Moore and Quitman attacked the Varuna, which had got ahead of the Federal fleet while• in chase of a steamer, on board of which was General Lovell.' The Governor Moore fired her bow gun and disabled 13 of the Varuna's hands ; then charged her on the starboard side. The Federals succeeded in bringing an 8-inch gun to bear on the assailant, and disabled her in a few minutes. The Quitman, at the same time, rushed at the Varunk on the port side, butting twice, and on the second collision driving in her side. After delivering the final blow, the Quitman swung round, and before the Varuna sank she sent five of her 8-inch shells into the now enemy and left her in flames as she disappeared from the scene. The De fiance was the only vessel of the Confederate squadron saved under the guns of the forts, the others having either been sunk, burnt, or driven ashore disabled by the over-. whelming batteries which the frigates had opened on them. The Manassas continued her plucky career to the end. When she saw the flag-ship on fire, she turned and charged the Brooklyn full on the starboard gangway, but with little effect beyond breaking some of the links of the cables stopped up and down her side, and driving in three planks above water line. Wedged in between her huge antagonist and the bank, the ram found herself unable to get up speed for a fresh charge, and was glad to drop down stream. She then crossed over to attack the Mississippi, and struck her with a very partial effect, inflicting injuries similar to those of the Brooklyn, then passed down to the fort, where she lay for a short time. The grey of early daylight now succeeded to the flashes of the hostile guns which had lighted up the scene, and Farragut, discovering the completeness of his victory, formed and steamed slowly up the river. The little ram singly pursued the fleet and prepared to renew her assaults The Mississippi was ordered to turn and attack her, and . aided by the gunboat Pinola and Sines, charged full at her. Captain Warley, seeing the huge bows of the frigate coming straight towards him, steered to avoid the shock, and ran the ram aground, exposing her to the broad sides of the - enemy. From this helpless position the crew escaped.ashore, and the famous ram was fired by the boats of the Mississippi. This was the last episode of the battle, for Farragut leaving behind him the shattered forts and the relics . of the enemy's flotilla, went upwards on his path of conquest. New Orleans fell, and was held without a break by the Federals to the close of the war. The next day the forts surrendered to Commander Porter, and as Farra- gut pushed his conquest up to the guns of Vicksburg, the whole lino of the Mississippi, from that fort to the sea, be came a highway to the Federals. Our space will not allow us to follow the Review through the numerous brilliant actions of the civil war. The tone in which these sea fights and river operations are described is frank and fair to both - sides, and the writer does not disguise the admiration with which the gallantry, skill, and energy of the actions inspire him. Before closing the article the Reviewer touches on the cruisers which the Confederacy had managed through the con nivance of Great Britain to get to sea and maintain there. This question we have discussed else where in our columns, but we will add to our remarks those of the Review : " Long before this affair (the capture of Wilmington) the efforts of the South by sea had been reduced to what ap peared to all tho world rather a mere form of revenge than any useful warfare. Failing utterly ih the purpose of em broiling the North with any neutral nation, their doings have left a seed of bitterness such as it will need much enduring patience to stay from becoming bitter fruit in the future. From the fall of WilMington the advantages of blockade-runners and the mushroom growth of their trade became things of the past. For the rest of the war the Confederate flag only covered what was, after all, an ignoble piracy, legalised in default of provision made against it by jurists. The ex-Cabinet of Richmond, which sanctioriea tills system to time and of their rule, haro left as a legacy one of the most difficult problems on international duties ever offered for statesmen to solve. The Alabama, Sumter, and Florida roamed unchecked over the ocean. At the close of 1864 the capture of 193 vessels, valued with their cargoes at 131 millions of dollars, bore testimony to their activity, and the danger to which, under the new conditions of naval warfare, an unprotected commercial marine is exposed. That these losses were not from ex penditure being too narrow, but from the peculiar direction. which it had taken under Mr. Welles, is abundantly shown by his report of that date. The navy, which four years before had counted bat 76 ships, in and out of commission, and of these about one-half sailing vessels, were increased to a total of 671. Of this number no less than 71 were ironclads of different classes, 37 of them of formidable strength, and carrying heavy Dahlgren guns ; and only 112 of the whole were without steam power, being, infact, used for transport -purposes."—Anglo-American Times. • IREL AND. A niter in a contemporary says : Last week, with some letters from Dublin before us, we continued our remarks on' Ireland ; but a gust of wind whirled the manuscript from the desk of the compositor, and the route described was away over the Thames. From the Gresham Hotel a gentleman writes to us on the sub ject of our previous article "on Ireland :—" The county Wicklow abounds with lovely and romantic scenery from one end to another. The furthest point is only 40 miles distant from Dublin. Excursions can therefore be made while the traveller maintains his head-quarters at the hotel. There are points of interest enough about Dublin to fill the time of the tourist for many days." We can fully endorse what our correspondent says about Wicklow. Taking the county all in all, it is the most lovely in the United Kingdom. After varied' travel, embracing every quarter of the globe, we can deliberately say that the view from any spot from the mountains separating the counties of Wicklow and Dublin, that look down upon the city (say just above Killakee), has scarcely an equal in its varied, extensive, and lovely landscape. Our correspondent states that Killarney, of course, is the first point of interest, embracing as it does the most exquisite scenery of Ireland, but he recommends the Royal Victoria Hotel, as command ing a view of the lakes, at- the same time that it furnishes to the traveller every comfort of an establishment among the finest in any kingdom. He adds that a very delightful route, either going to or coming from Killarney, is by the Cork and Maccroon Railway, through a district magnifi cent in its scenery. Going north from the Gresham to Scotland, via Belfast, the Giant's Causeway should be visited, and tho best hotel is the Antrim Arms. From another source a new route has been triced, and to judge from the description, the scene opened out on Lough Erno is one of those too long neglected, buried for ages in obscurity, though possessing attractions equal to the most celebrated spots in Europe. Indeed, for the most part, Ireland is a terra incognita. However beautiful the country, however numerous its attractions for picturesque scenery, for boating, fishing, and bathing, for a summer of perfect weather, unless there be means of getting to the place, and, when there, of living in comfort, it cannot be, said to be open to tourists. On the Ist June the Rosselare Hotel was completed and ready to receive its guests. It stands near the centre of the Lower Lake Erne on that point where boating ends and yachting begins. The lake is 20 miles long and 9 broad, full of pike, trout, porch, and white fish. Around are spots celebrated in Irish story. Close by aro the picturesque ruins 'of the Castle of Per tora ; the view takes in the lichen and ivy-covered walls of the Castle of Tully, standing up like those of Portora, from the very edge of the v,aters. On the other ide of the lake aro the turrets of Castle Archdale, surrounded with their forests of oak and ash. In its vicinity is an interesting relic of antiquity, the Castle of Termon McGrath with its battered walls, as Ireton left them in the Parliamentary Wars. The eye wanders over a lake covered with wooded islands, where stand ancient and ruined abbeys. The banks are clothed with wooded dosniesnes, and near the bygone castles of other days, with their histories of sieges and massacres, stand the modern mansions of the landlords of the soil. Chief among these is the residence of Mr. Mervign d'Arcy Irvine, the owner of the land on which the hotel has been built. Castle Irvine is no mean object of interest in itself, either in its own architecture or the lovely grounds around it. The castle is built in the Elizabethan style, and though some of the towels claim an early antiquity, its chief architectural features owe their beautiful proportions to the father and grandfather of the present possessor. The hill of Rossclare is but 22 miles distant from the Atlantic without a moun tain between to intercept the fresh breezes. The soil is of the purest rock and gravel, without the slightest alluvial deposit to taint the rich scarlet of the trout. It is im possible, says Hall, in his work on Ireland, to exaggerate in describing the loveliness of the whole locality. " How many thousands there are who, if just ideas could be con veyed to them of its attractions, would make their annual tour hither instead of up the hackneyed and sodden Rhine, infinitely less rich in natural graces—far inferior in the studies of character it yields—and much less abundant in all enjoyments that can recompense the traveller. Nothing COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. :From E. F. Satterthwaite and Co.'s Weekly Circular, August Ist.) By the "Cuba" our latest advices from New York are to the 17th inst. ; they report an unusually active demand for all kinds of government securities, and a material ad vance in the quotations of all descriptions has been es tablished ; some especially large transactions wore reported in 5-20 Bonds. In Railroad Stocks there was a fair amount of business. Readings, Illinois, and Chicago and North Western being most in demand at advanced quotations. Dries, on the other hand, show a decline of $6. State Stocks and Railroad Mortgages inactive. Gold was steady, with rather a declining tendency, and money very abun dant at from 5 to 6 per cent. _ By a telegram dated New York, July 29th, per the At lantic Telegraph, the following prices have boen received of course to the evening of Saturday, the 28th July. Gold 150 United States 5-20's 1074 Illinois 121 x.d. The following is the return of the New York Banks: Discounts. Specie. Circulation. Deposits. July 7, 257,534,833 9,86 8 5,266 27,296,530 205,799,711 July 14, 259,133,434 12,451,684 27,804,172 207,190,043 Since our last there has been a fair amount of business in the London market for American Securities, but prices have not been maintained, the successful laying of the Atlantic Telegraph inducing the belief that New York and London quotations must more nearly approximito, and as lately London prices have been considerably higher than those ruling in New York, it is clear that either we must experience a decline here or an advance must take place on the other side. At the close to-day, United States 5-20's are 684 V) Illinois Shares 74} to 75 ex dix., and Eries 431- to 43. ARRIVAL OF PASSENGERS. BY THE CUBA, AT LIVERPOOL, JULY 28.—From Boston : Mr. Duncan Bell, Mr. James Manson, Mr. L. Roy, Mr. J. B. Hill, Mrs. J. Sloane, Miss Kate Sloane, Mr. Macdou gall, Major Saville, Mr. J. Murdock, Mr. Juan de Penalver, Mr. J. de Penalver, Mr. F. de Cardenas, Mr. A. Wavarro, Mr. G. Macpherson, Mr. P. G. Strauss, Mr. E. Rose mold, Major H. Cranstar, Mr. W. Lugovia, Mr. J. J. Barber, Mr. J. Silver, Mrs. Thayer, Miss Clinton, Mr. J. H. Hall, Mr. W. H. Hall, Miss M. E. Hall, Miss L. G. Seotthorr, Mr. J. Dedas, Mr. T. D. Hill, Mr. J. Mine and wife, Mr. J. R. Paine, Mr. George L. Osgood, Mr. C. J. Shepherd, Dr. 11. Dorby, Mrs. Dr. Terrill, Miss Terrill, Mrs. E. A. Bourne and maid, Mr. J. W. Fairbanks, Mr. M. R. Underwood, Mrs. and Miss A. Parry, Mrs. Gilchrist and two children, Mr. Paul Hua, Mr. R. S. Greenhough, Mr. P. Strauss, Mr. R. S. de Neber, Mr. G. Miles and wife, Mr. E. Kearins, Mr. E. D. Bangs, Mr. and Mrs. D. Spaulding, Mrs. G. Varney, Mr. Byers, Mr. Rum ington, Mr. G. Terrell, Mr. J. Massie, Mr. King, Mr. T. J. Havemeger, Mr. C. H. Scuff, Mr. E. P. Hollestcr, Jr.A G. Natow, Mr. W. B. Hunter, Mr. J. R. Steven, Mr. . 1-10S6eN, z.,6 7 ACt C. t4wl IlEidS crud, 0 11, Mr. T. W. Dorman, Mr. James Waring, Mr. S. S. Joseph, Mr. C. M. Hoist, Mr. W. Beard, Mr. Wm. Magee, Mrs. Sherwood, Miss Butterworth, Mr. E. Butterworth, Mr. W. J. Shaw, Mr. B. M. Neely, Mr. A. Fullarton, Mr. W. F. Nicholson, Rev. A. T. Pierson, Mrs. Wilder, Miss Russell, Mr. A. Fellhermer, *Mr. J. C. Parsons, Mr. C. E. Butler and wife, Miss Butler and maid, Miss Southmayd, Miss E. F. Southmayd, Mr. Blake and wife, Col.,Powelland wife, Miss Powell, Miss Althuma, Mr. C. Gibson, Mr. Schtleben, Mr. J. Gomersal, Mr. E. Jobson, Mr. Horsey, Mr. John Ben nett, Mr. W. L. Truart, Mr. N. Nunan, Mr. John Lodge and wife, Mr. J. Balsford, Mr. J. Burton, Mr. T. J. O'Connor, Mr. T. Hendrie, Miss Lucy Meurer From Halifax : Mr. T. Fenesty, Mr. Jennings, Mr. J. Tobin, Mr. W. F. Grant, Mr. W. Hogg, Mr. R. A. Beckwith, Hon. W. Steeves, Mr. Goreham and lady, Hon. Dr. Tupper, Hon. W. Henry, Mr. R. P. Butler, Mr. J. W. Barnes, Mr. John Hegan, Lieutenant James (2d Queen's), Mr. Vaughan, Mr. H. Gardiner, Hr. John M'Donald, Captain Graham, Captain E. H. C. Smith, R.N., Mr. W. Armand, Mr. Chandler, Mr. J. P. Chandler, Mr. Tilley and son, Ur. Fisher and lady, Hon. Mr. Wilmot, Hon. J. M'Culley, Hon. A. Archibald, Hon. J. W. Ritchie, Rev. Mr. Pratt, Dr. M'Cawley, Mr. Paten, Edmond Smith, Mr. James Hogg, Mr. John Thomson and son, Mr. H. Howard and brother, Mr. J. Young, Mr. Thos. Duffus, Mr. Runciman, Mr. J. F. Jenkins and lady, Mr. James F. Montgomery, Mr. Charles Keizer, Mr. Lorstine, Mr. Gillis, Mr. Backman. BY TILE SCOTLAND, AT LIVERPOOL, July 30.—Mr. and Mrs. Reford, Mrs. and Miss M'Auley, Miss Wallace, Miss M. WKinney, Mr. and Mrs. Descalon, two children and infant, Rev. E. Ibbotson, Mr. D. Kellett, Mr. Leahy, Mrs. Leahy, Colonel H. Bromertye, Mr. Thomas Nash, Mr. G. F. Rowe, Mr. J. Haen, Mr. and Mrs. E. Dawkins, Captain Marshall, Captain W. Porter, Mr. H. Grandjean, Mr. S. M. Gladwin, Mr. H. Newburn, Mr. W. Stewart, Mr. A. M. Lyons, Mr. T. Auchertonline, Mr. J. Grant, Mrs. J. Grant, and two children, Miss C. Smith, Mrs. W. Anott, Miss R. Smith, Mr. D. Akin, Mr. C. Robbins, Mr. T. J. Anderson, Mr. J. Hibbert, Mr. Alfred Hibbert, Mr. J. Parrott, Mr. W. Armstrong, Mrs. Armstrong, Mr. H. H. do Forest, Mr. Alphese Casa, Mr. R. M'Kennio, Mr. George Bell, and 176 steerage passengers. She also brings 150,000 dollars in specie. Br THE ST. DAVID, AT LIVERPOOL, AUG. 3.—The St. David, Captain Aird, arrived in the river this morning. Captain Graham and servant, Dr. Campbell, Rev. Mr. Boddy and wife, Mr. N. Davis and wife, Mrs. Leos, Mrs. Alelvvell and child, Miss Blake, Mr. J. L. Wilson and child, Mr. Henry, Mr. Kidner, Mr. Raphagay, Mr. R. Smith, Mr. Millur, Mr. Eaton, Mr. J. M'Cluny, Mr. S. wOluny, Mr. Lindsay, Mr. Stewart, Mr. J. L. Davis, Mrs. Mickle and child, and 53 steerage passengers. DEPARTURE OP PASSENGERS. By the U. S. Mail Steamship ARAGO, HENRY H. GADS DEN, Commander (New York and Havre Steamship Com pany).—To New York from Havre, Aug. 1, via Falmouth, Aug. 2.—Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Hearne, Mrs. Gould, Miss G. Gould, and infant, Mr. A. W. Oxnard and family, Mrs. Van Beyeret and daughter, Mrs. Penrose, child, and nurse ; Mrs. Harbeck, Miss Harbeck, Mr. Lockwood, Mrs. H. J. Raymond, daughter, and nurse; Mr. John A. Grey, Miss Flouter,lla:tiN.eTaylor, I r do . rf 'l , : iw u e r ni c fd : e t ,, s 3 , ai lk ur l ii r G o . e ß s e. child;Lai a lai r t .e family, l p le l r e s tc n 3e d ir d ls z ior , a. Madameuik ,mWelter,r Mrs. Welter, two children, and servant ; Mr. and Mrs. Cobb, Mr. Ketchum, Mr. Corse, Mrs. J. Cors', Miss Curse, Mr. and Mrs. Thos. Owen, Mr. John English, Mrs. S. Chas. Coale and child, Miss Rebecca English, Mr. Gould, Mr. Potter, Mr. Quiutard, Mr. C. Rathbone, Mr. Oadway, Mrs. Oadway, two children, aLd servant ; Mrs. Partridge, Hon. Jos. Hoxie, Gan. Fogliarli, Mr. Stil well, Mr. Henry E. Clark, Mr. Julien Scott, Mr. John Ed. Marsh, Mrs. A. Hoffman, Mr. Alfred Lockwood, Mr. Emil Hirsh, Mr. Chas. Hirsh, Mr. Henirich Wetzel, Mr. Robert Hamisen, Mr. 11. Huber, Mr. S. Bender, Mr. Chas. Bis singer, Mr. Nicolas Otterstein, Mr. L. Otterstein, Mr. J. Banfee and family, Mr. Fred. Ries and family, Mr. Schum mel, Miss W. Mahl; Mr. C. Zimmerman, Mr. J. Lomoine, Mr. A. Rosins, Mr. J. Odenheimer, Mr. L.- Steinhard, Mr. L. Zobel, •Mr. L. Dressfuss, Mr. A. Dressfuss, Mr. M. Lazard, Mr. S. Geismar, Mr. E. Nieschang and wife, Mon. A. Didiot, Mr. Chas. Palen, Mr. M. Miesenfield, Mr. G. Moebs, Miss W. Maier, Miss Sarah Maier, Mr. C. Kipp, Miss Mina Ross, Miss B. Ross, Miss Eva Spitzbaden, Miss 0. s S s p s i t a Z t b e a n d e C u R e v . l + s. Edwards a . r P d e s n a r n o d s e son,Qu Quick e, , s . lady,R Rowe and child; c d h t i l w d o ; 3/ children, Mr. W. M. Thomas, Mr. Samuel Hicks, and Mre. Andrew and two sons, and 200 others. Arago reached Falmouth 11 a.m., landed, Captain Wotton and family, embarked 59 passengers, and pro ceeded at noon. in Great Britain, perhaps nothing in Europe, can surpass in beauty the whole of the road that leads into the town of Inniskillen, along the banks of the Lower Lough Erne." A steam yacht company have lately placed a boat on the lake, and the visitors to the hotel will find ample and varied excursions provided for their enjoyment. Whether they prefer steam or sail, or choose to row over the waters, the means are there, and the places for excur sions abound. There aro islands containing the mysterious round towers, whose age has outlived even tradition. There are monasteries; and ruins of abbeys and castles ; there aro bleak mountains with their wild heather ; a enter scared and seamed from its ancient volcanic eruption, and the green slopes of the park and purling streams murmur ing through their wooded declivities. Without any dis paragement, says our authority, to our lovely sister at Killarney, Lough Erne will prove that she contains within herself many Killarneys. It May appear strange that in such a spot an hotel should only now be opened, but those who know Ireland are more inclined to congratulate the inhabitants when any sign of progress is displayed than to wonder at the stagnation. Many landlords, too, object to tourists, and it is only by the hearty co=operation of the landlords that a district can be opened. The Rossclaro Hotel mainly owes its existence to the owner of the estate, and to limited liability, and it has been erected and is con ducted on a scale that will give satisfaction to its visitors. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIHES.—The conversation in the House of Lords on Friday night between Lord Russell and Lord Derby gives us reason to hope that the abuses in the management of the parks, which have lately been rendered so conspicuous, will at length be remedied. It will, in the first place, be remarked with satisfaction that Lord Russell has done justice, however tardily, to the conduct of the police in the late disturbances, and has attributed the outrages which were committed to their real authors—the criminal classes of the metropolis. He expressly repudiates the statements impugning the conduct of the force, and believes " the accounts of those per sons who state that the police acted with great moderation, and suffered great injuries without making any return." If any doubt could be enter tained as to the justice of this opinion it must be removed by the statement we originally published, and which was quoted by Lord Derby, of the in juries sustained by the force. The fact is that while the injuries inflicted by them upon their assailants are few and insignificant in number, one-sixth of the whole police force engaged in the maintenance of order were injured, and some were permanently disabled by the mob. No fewer than 265 of the police, including the greater number of the officers and superintendents, are still suffering from the injuries they received on the 23rd of July, and forty or fifty will suffer all their lives." There can be no question of the patience displayed by the police under such provocation, nor, we may add, need there ever have been the slightest doubt as to the character of the persons by whom these and subsequent outrages were committed. It would be a grievous calumny to regard the working classes as entertaining the slightest sympathy for a set of downright thieves, "roughs," and swell-mobs men. However, Lord Russell wisely acquiesced in an oblivion of the past, and we may hope, with Lord Derby, that if we ever have reason to remem ber the, events of, the last fortnight, it will only be as having furnished the occasion for an important reform in the general management of the parks. It is agreed by both speakers that the late disturbances have but served to bring into prominence a long standing abuse. if our columns have recently fur nished evidence that, in Lord Russell's words, " there is no security for persons, or for any pros perty they may have about them, after dusk in Hyde-park just now," it is equally true, as he ad mitted, that " a good deal of disorder prevailed before these occurrences." Indeed, Lord Derby used no exaggeration when he appealed to Lord Russell " whether he could remember the time when it was entirely safe for persons to traverse any of the parks after dark, either in summer or winter." The worst characters have always been attracted to the parks at nightfall by the certainty of enjoying an undis turbed retreat until the morning ; the police have never had charge of them, and there has never been any efficient substitute for their presence ; they have always been abandoned to the darkness which is con genial to vice and violence, and respectable persons have always been indiscriminately locked in at a fixed hour, without any means of escape except by scaling the railings. It is, indeed, as Lord Derby said, "surprising," and, we must add, disgraceful, that such a state of things should have been so long tole rated. We have a rght to expect as much protec tion to our persons and property in the parks as in the streets, and, in fact, more care ought to have been taken to furnish protection, as the danger, in such large open spaces, is confessedly greater. Nor, again, is it creditable, or even decent, that open places in the heart of London should have been allowed to furnish such unmolested retreats for all kinds of vice. At length, however, it is on all sides agreed that this shameful laxity and mismanage ment should be brought to an end, and the question principally discussed on Friday night was as to the measures which it would be best to adopt. The statement of Lord Derby was, on the whole, satis factory. He traces the evil to its proper source —the divided authority to which the parks are at present intrusted. They are under the control of the Crown, who, through the Ranger, appoints the gatekeepers. The Board of Works exercises also a certain control, and appoints the park-keepers. The number of these officials, for service in all the Parks, is about 100, and they " are :not expressly selected for their ability to provide against disorder and riot ;" that is, they are not selected with a view to the only purpose for which they are required. The police have no power of interference, unless expressly summoned to support the ordinary park authorities. It is obvious - that the first measure neces sary is to abolish this incompetent and divided management, and to intrust the parks to the single and efficient control of the police. Lord Derby recognises the necessity, and has been in consulta tion on this point with the First Commissioner of VVorks and the Home Secretary. The matter is not yet settled, but Lord John Manners has agreed to " waive his right" to nominate incompetent park-keepers ; and it is proposed that the police to be employed in their stead should be paid out of the revenue of the Woods and Forests. THE " ANGLO-AMERICAN TIMES."--The direc tors of the Bank of England have treated the almost universal appeal of the country for some mercy in exacting the most usurious rates for the loan of money with the contempt it deserves. The country having placed in the hands of such a clique the power to strangle its commercial inte rests, and having made it the positive and direct interest of these people so to act, meets its merited reward. A more disgraceful exhibition of rapacity has rarely been seen. We must confess that it is natural for a set of greedy old gentlemen to make the most they can out of the position in which they find themselves placed. We know what these old gentlemen are. Indeed, the late panic has given us fine samples of what the conduct of an influential director may be. The Bank of England is the greatest of these companies, and its directors may be the greatest among directors, but they are all governed by precisely the same laws—to trade first for their own especial benefit, and, secondly, if the two can be made compatible, for the benefit of their shareholders. The direct interest of this joint-stock company, called the Bank of England, is that other banks should break—that the public might be frightened from depositing their money any where but in the Bank of England, and that the Bank might be able to lend this money at the most exorbitant rates. To look for a national policy or regard to the require ments of the country from such a crew of traders is absurd. They will keep the rate at its present figure as long as they' can, and they may well laugh in their Bank-parlour when they are told in the City articles of newspapers that the danger signal this high rate indicates is the very reason why people hoard notes so persistently and keep the Bank re serve so low—at the simplicity of supposing this to be a reason why they should reduce it. If the re serve increased they would be compelled to lower the rate, and it is a most happy chance for them that they can make this enormous profit and con tinue the rate by the very action of making it. To have all their money out at 10 per cent, pays the Bank. To reduce this paying rate of usury merely to get some of their notes back, however it might strengthen the reserve, would certainly not increase their gains. And to expect this party of sharp traders to damp their own interests by interfering with the happy chance by which the very act of charging the highest price makes the excuse and apparent necessity for continuing the price is to ex pect the most sordid class to become the most dis interested and patriotic. Money seeking investment in France at 2 per cent., and men in England seek ing money at 10 per cent. at the same moment, is a spectacle for France and America to ponder on and regulate their monetary affairs accordingly. The disciples of the English school of finance have hazarded many 'prophecies of the disastrous down fall of the American system, and laughed scornfully at French remarks on the working of our Bank Act. Time, the rectifier of errors, is showing who is right. The TVashington Star, in stating that published incomes Ns ere not always reliable, speaks of a smart young man who, on the strength of a big income return made by lan, married an heiress, with the blessings of the fond parents, which blessings soured somewhat suddenly into " cusses," when it was discovered that the income return was bogus, and not at all " conclusive," though of course appearing as the official return of the collectors, and pub lished as such in the newspapers amongst the big in comes. ;~ - - _ American Sympathies in the Continental War. The American papers are mainly filled with details of the war in Europe. The Anglo-Saxon race de light in wars—battles, sieges, and all the varie d incidents and excitements of a campaign. In de fault of any actions of their o w n they turn With the greatest gusto to those of their neighbours, and every event either in Venetia or Bohemia is wer e fully detailed and more generally known throughout America and the United Kingdom than iu Ita l y' Austria, or Prussia. The American people, after the tremendous excitement of their civil war, cannnt at once descend to the dull regions of peace ; and in default of correspondents of their own from the field; they reproduce the letters of the leading Lou" don journals. Attention is strongly fixed on Italy, and the strong sympathy of the nation goes witl! her. The instinct of the people is for liberty, an d whenever a nationality is chained down by for ce ' the oppressed will find an earnest well-wisher in the Union. Austria is recognised as an oppressor of nationalities, a supporter of despotism, and the stronghold of bigotry. The people's feeling is t hat Austria has no groundwork in a people's supPer t ' She is merely an imposing structure built on san d ' and holding rather a contempt for any other foun" dation. The susceptibilities of the mass will surely be gained by the wants and aspirations of other masses, so long as the interests of the two nation' akties do not clash. An intuitive feeling r,pf this sort leads America to sympathise not only I° Italy, which they do strongly, but also with the mighty and triumphant power of Prussia. Th e Y, see that this power is based on the wishes a nd yearnings of a split and divided people. The one represents the German nation, the other represents a hollow military show, and the interest felt by 3 people will always be for a people. It is possibl e that America more early and clearly saw the drift of this European war than other'nations from the large intermixture of German blood that flows in the veins of her people. Here Prussia has been re garded only as a most exacting bully ; and we ha° but lately become alive to the fact that BISMAIIeg really represents the German mind. Indeed, a fr ee d and enthusiastic people like the Americans we lll more quickly imbibe the true points at issue in this contest than the Germans themselves. America is the most aspiring nation on earth. The patriotism of the North inspires each of her sons to look ste d ' fastly to the object of placing his country at the head of the nations of the world—to lead in opinion' in commerce, and in war. With his mind imb ue ' with such feelings he naturally conceives the asp s " rations which must arise in the breasts of his cousins on the Continent of Europe. Therefore his sYel pathy goes with the people fighting a battle be would most surely fight were he similarly pla ced Such a feeling in France is over-ridden by the spec tacle of a. vast nation rising on their border. They see in the unity of Germany the growth of a Po we r whiCh may one day. be used against themselves; They know that their own influence in Europe 0 ' 115 . , lessen in the proportion the German nationa lity becomes stronger. It is not pleasant to cease to 10 _ the dietatress—for the great leader to find ano ther leader spring suddenly up, equally great—to h ate little nations, who formerly humbly bowed at th a footstool, threaten to seek protection elsewhere, a n al. enrol themselves under the banners of a England sympathises with success. Success is the oo god a Britisher worships. In a less degree he f e for a people as the Americans feel, and not havi l l any interests of his own thwarted on the Contin ent by the unity of Germany, his sympathies also a re tending towards Prussia. Indeed, England reje iceo b in the rise of a Continental counterpoise to Fre ° t weight. Protestant countries see in Austria's def e3 the approaching end of the Papacy, and religious feel' ing enters not the current of sympathy now so strong.; flowing towards the Northern Power. Austria rested on her sword. To crush by her mili t ` lri . 40 weight—to smother opinion in dung eons , to tir ey , remonstrance and declaration of rights by a v el d, of musketry--was her policy. She took the swe r ii i and she has perished with the sword. Her fate ' cc remain a warning of the miserable weakness b ef°re a strong adversary, of a Power whose founclationP do not rest on the sympathies of a p eo ple. —J ol°' Anierican Tiniest COUNTRY MARKETS. NORWICH SATURDAY. may, There was a fair supply of wheat at this market • and prices ruled abut the same as lst week White wheat (wei o ghing 641 b), 53s a to 57s ;. old re!l a g weighing 651 b), 51s to 538 ; new red ditto I ,7o o, A l ,iti o g 601 b to 631 b), 51s to 52s ; best malting barley wet•2l, 521 b to 531 b), 36s to 38s ; runs ditto (weighing 5110 to 4 s to 34s to 365; distilling ditto (weighing bOlb to 521 b ), d ., 30 32s •, oats, 24s to 26s ; beans, &7s to 39s ; peas onanlei, r . to 38s per qr. Flour, 37s 6d per sack. LEICESTER . 5/' We had a moderate supply of —SATURDAY wheat at marke t to-(1boot Sales were moderately made, and recent rates wer e 00 supported. Not much doing in barley, and pric,e s „pre' similar to those of last week. Oats were sparieglY." lite ° sentud, and met a fair sale at late prices. There NO' or no alteration in beans. a New white wheat, 55s to 62s ; new red, 53s to 5.$ ;pa' white, 55s to 60s ; old red, 50s to 56s per 36 stone. 340 ley, for malting, 35s to 40s per qr.; grinding, 3 2 s tor 0 per 30 . stone. Oats, old, —s to —s ; new, 28s to 33 5 P e to pa. stone. Beans, old, 49s to 54s ; new, 48s to 51a per 3 85 Fine flour, 41s ; seconds, 38s to 41s per 20 stone. YORK-SATURDAY To There was a seasonable show of wheat at our cor n to ol kot to-day, and the business was healthy, at rates 0 1, 0 0 in sellers' favour. The quantity of grinding barley ,s.`" oo in was small, with a fair demand, at little or no altera: l ni ncla the quotations. Oats were in small supply, an d le g late rates. The inquiry for beans was middling, an d took place at late rates. er 36 New white wheat, 52s to 58s ; new red, 48s to 535 ,Pig , stone. Barley, for malting, 32s to 34s per qr. ; g r ; -„ 4o oe * 32s to 34s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 28s to 30s per 2 , 4 :" Beans, new, 50s to 52s per 38 stone. Malt, 66S Flour, 38s to 40s per sack of 2801bs. WORT HAMP T ON—SATURDAY. . 0 13 New white wheat, 54s to s 58 ; new red, 52s to DuilAMlo9,, white, 54s to 58s ; old red, 52 s to 56s per 36 stone• for malting, —s to — s p er qr . ; gr i n di ng , 30s to 35s e,„O. stone. Oats, old, 30 s t o 34 s ; new , 26 s t o 34 s per 2 4 r "' - ' 0 0,. 4 1 Beans, old, 46s to 50s ; new 42s to 45s per 38 stone. 36s to 40s per 36 stone. $ PUMPS.—A GOOD EXAMPLE.—Two fatal case le, cholera having occurred on Friday last in the Inner ~ to the authorities have caused the three pumps belag ill n 'tlio the society to be chained up ; a notice being fl 2 ce d 1:)- { pumps stating that no water is permitted to be draw ° f " 1 : 0 0 them till the result of a pending analysis of the wa ter -1 $ to each has been ascertained. Information is a dde ,:tiO ° where supplied of New River water can in the 11'°— be obtained in the Temple. fi t to Of [ADVERTISEMENT. j—olloway's t Sick.— Though the mind be downcast and he P° ll l,l feebled by continued indisposition, the sufferer 6 11° 0 014 this season make a last effort to regain health h 7 woof Holloway's purifying pills, which, by cleansing t h° „el will search out the hidden cause of mischief and elra t ice" , seeds of most diseases. No invalid is too much. r e fi a to undergo this very gentle treatment with safety "inure vantage ; neither youth nor old age n e e d fear any g210; 1 to the system from a regulated course of these pills' ec tio . of are infallible in stomach complaints, bili o us al',, anon sickness, want of appetite, disordered bowels, coust i t P o f and the annoyances which spring from deraugera ell " digestive and assimilating organs. Births. to ice ARKWRIGHT—Oa the 3d inst., at Skeffington toishire, the wife of C. Arkwright, Esq., of al ce a HEWETE - On the 2d inst., at Southsea, the W ife o ' Henry Hewett, R.M.A., of a son. 11. 0 KEyBLE—On the 2d inst., at Aylestone-hill, I leref°r wife of Lieut.-Col. E. Money-Keyble, of a son. gida' LUMLEY—On the 2d inst., at 3, Sutherland-cres cent, hill, the wife of Edward Lumley, Esq., of a On' Marriages. ov rcht DAVIE —ANDREWS —On the 2d inst., at Heavitr ee orf °l o l l the Rev. C. R. F. Davie, rector of Yelvertoa, 31y., of youngest son of Gen. Sir F. Davie Bar t ' , 110 t. 4 Greedy Park, Devon, to Anne Clarissa, -.icruP Biggs Andrews, Esq., Q.C., Commissioner °f -nl o ' for the Exeter District, of Heavitree House, .ve • SLAUGT Elt —BROCK—On the inst., at Christ Cia, ll. l c o . u se, t H t ton, Edward Slaughter, Esq., of Colchester -11joural3 Elizabeth Alica, fourth daughter of the Re v * Brock, incumbent of Christ Church. Deaths. , 01 11 1: BENNETT —On the 2d inst., at 1, St. Aidau':,oo- Claughton, Birkenhead, Thos. F. Bennett , Esq., - pool, aged 68. i 4313.. CROCKER—On the 3d inst. , at Inverness - gardens' y ob, sington, Wm. U. Crocker, Esq., aged 64. th° °l3 PELLEW--On the 2d inst., at Eastbourne, Stisseic..„, , not it 0 F. J. Pellew, fourth son of the late Viscount o'l - 134 aged 35. 0•-• t. JONES—On the 2d inst. , Lt.-Gen. Sir H. D• Jones, dlit lys R.E. Governor of the Royal Military College, $310,001V S'IEUART -On the 2d inst , a t Allanton So use ' n• shire, Lady Seton Steuart . , of Touch an d Allan London: Printed and Published byWILLIAg A 1419 t , 111 6 i of No. 112, Strand, Punter. at Trta St ui ; 1 ;4 Strand, in the Piw.ainst of: the Savoy , in the ddleses. —Monday, August 6, 1860. t