The Sun. — London, England, 1865-04-11 00:00:00

THE PALL-MALL GAZETTE of this Even ing contains (besides all the News of the Day) the following Original Articles : Sir Charles Wood and :the Bhootan Disaster— .1 he _Election of Prevost Paradol—The Epidemic in Russia—The Licensing of Theatres—The Laws of Property in France—The Round of the Studios (Con cluding Article)—With Occasional Notes on Current Events —Epitome cf Opinion in the Morning Journals—And many Items of Special Intelligence from Abroad. Office-14, Salisbury-street, Strand, W.C. THEATRE -ROYAL, DRURY-LANE, Managers. Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. EASTER MONDAY Torn Taylor's Play of THE FOOL'S REVENGE. Mr. Pirips ; Messrs. H. Sinclair, A. Rayner, E. Phelps, G. F. Neville. Miss Atkinson, and airs. Hermann Vezin. After which, on a scale of gre It splendour, Hilton's Mask of COMUS : Messrs. Wa lter Lacy, vc ye Cooper; Henii Drayton, Miss Toole, Miss Augusta Thcruson, and Mrs. H. Vezin. THEATR E-R OYA L, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. Buckstone. TUTS EVENING the performance will commence with THREW WEEK'S ArrEtt MA ttItIAGE. Mr. Chippen ale, Mr. W. Farren, Miss belly Moore, Miss Snowdon, &c. After which, a New Sensation, THE WOMAN IN MAUVE : Messrs. So:hem, Compton, Howe, }'arren, Braid, White, Weathersby, Butler, &c. Mesdames Stuart, Lovell, Buckstone, &c. And EASY SHAVING. Miss Louise Keeley, Miss F, Wright ; Mes,:rs. Clark, Gordon, Rogers, ,to. To commence at 7. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHL -6,31e Proprietor and Munag.r. Air. B. IA atister. TO-NIGHT, THE LOVE CHASE. Wildrake (his origi nal character), Mr. B. Webster. Messrs. Billington, Ashley, Stephenson. Widow Ureen:(l7th time)alrs. Stirling; Con stance (l7tn time), Miss Henrietta Simms; Lyaia (her 17th appearance), Miss Sophie Young. After wnich, 2nd time, a new Extravaganza, entitled PAN; or, The Loves of Echo and Narcissus. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, a J. Smith, R. Homer, Miss Woolgar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Lillian Bruce, and Miss A. Seaman. •To conclude with THE STEEPLECHASE; or, In the Pigskin. Messrs. J. L. Tools, Paul Bedford_; Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. ieechter. On EASTER MONDAY. April 17, SIMPSON AND CO. Messrs. • Nam Emery, C. Horsman, Collett; Mesdames Els worthy, lienrade, E. Boyce, and Mrs. C. Horsman. After which, at halt-past Eight, THE - MOUNTEBANK. Beiphegor (the M,untebank). Mr. Fechter ; Paul (his son\ Master Fechter ; supported by Messrs. Widdicomb, Ryder, S. Emery, Ktzpatrick, E. Garden, C. Horsman, Raymond, Moreland; Miss C. Leclercq, Mdlle. Beatrice, and Mrs. C. }foreman. Doors open at Hall-past Six. The Box-office open daily from Elevai till Five. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. THIS EtgNING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher, entitled HEART-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS. Alter which, ARRAN NA VOGUE : Messrs. Dion Bondi cault, J. Brougham, H. Vandenhcir, D. Fisher, D. Murray; Mrs. Boucicault and Miss M. Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manageress. Mrs. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, at 7, CROSS PURPOSES; Mr. Par selle ; Miss Palmer. Atter which, the great Comic Drama, MILKY WHITE ale.sre. Craven, Stoyle, Jame.; Miss Swanborough. To conclude with THE GRIA BUSHES. Mesdames llaynham, Simpson, Johnstone,l&c. GRATIS AND POST FREE, E. MOSES and SONS' New Pamphlet, THE PHILOSOPHY OF DRESS. MOSES AND S 0 N E• respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHINU. The newest fabrics are combined with the latest and most fashionable nesigns, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices are such as must satisfy the most economical. This depart ment is in a oistinct part of the premises, which will be found a great contknience for ladies and children, MOSES AND SON • respectfully invite public attention to their large and welt-assorted SPitING STOCK. .E MOSES AND SON'S • "SANDRINGHAM" and "DANISH" WRAPE'ER introJueed by them) is the newest and most lashionsb:e style of overcoats for the season. 1.? MOSES AND SON'S A.. 41. READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, irom 30a. MOSES AND • HOSIERY and DRAPERY, for all classes and all ages. S 0 N'S 'lGai MOSES AND SON'S • IIATS AND CAPS, f,r ail c asses and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S ~• BuOTS and SIIOLS, for all clusees and ali ages. E. MOSES AND- SON'S 0 UM l'6, for at: classes, all aged, and all climates. E 1 MOSES AND SON'S . LONDON HOUSES, ) 154, 155, 151, 157, Illinories; 83, 84, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, Aldgate 506, 5U7, 508, New Oxford--street; J, 2,3, Ilart-s!rett ; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Eu4ton-ruad Also, Bradford, Yorkshire. MOSES AND SON'S • Estabiishments are closed Every Friday evening at Sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed un it lr o'clock. All articles arc marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article nut appr,ved of will be exchanged, or the money retained. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new p amp hl et, " The Philosophy of Dread, ' gratis and post free. frIIE LATEST EDITION of THE SUN" supplied, as soon as published every Evening by W. ALEXANDER (late BROOKS). Newspaper Agent, 24, Old Cavendisn- street, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied as soon as Published. containing all the LA rEsT NEWS and SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, by IL W. ILIRRIS, Newspaper Agent, 4, Blacklriars-road, London, S. A PHOTOGRAPHIC CURIOSITY, With a copy of Zile Ault PRICE 4D. ; STAMPED, SD. ; la presented GRATIS (with a Supplement) A MINIATURE PHOTOGRAPHED FAC SIMILE of the FRONT PAGE of THE SUN of MONDAY, the 2d January, 1863. *** For the convenience of Subscribers wishing to preserve the Photograph, a suitable frame is pro vided, and may be had at The Sun Office, price ls. The Photograph, ON CARD, 6d. ; or mounted in frame, is. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, 2h. 25 m. —Afternoon, 2h. 40m. TO-MORROW.-Morning, 2h. 57 m. —Afternoon, 3h. 40m. trg • LONDON, TUESDAY, APRIL 11, 1865. Affairs in New Zealand are not yet settled, and it is likely that it will be some time before tranquil lity is thoroughly restored. It may, indeed, be doubted whether it has ever existed, since there has always been a degree of uncertainty and insecurity in our dealings with the natives. Nothing is more difficult than to maintain a satisfactory relationship with uncivilised races, to act up to our own prin ciples, and yet to avoid giving them the impression that our forbearance proceeds from fear, our humanity from weakness. The Superior intelligence and cultivation of the Maories does not by any means diminish the difficulty, since they render them more open to the influence of designing persons. Half our late troubles have been owing to the ma chinations of WILLIAM TnomrsoN, the so-called Kingmaker. There is some reason to fear too that the skill of the natives in the use of firearms has tempted the avarice of those who make money their first object, and has induced them to supply them with arms, ammunition, &c. The Southern States have, we know, drawn supplies from New York, and the merchants or agents who thus sup ply, care very little for the horrors of war in com parison with their own immediate profit. In the same way the New Zealand war could hardly have lasted so long had not the natives been supplied with the necessary materials which they could use but could not manufacture, and had they not been directed by the superior intelligence of cultivated minds. The affair will now have to be pushed vigorously to a conclusion, and it will be the greatest possible blessing for the natives as well as for the colonists when matters are finally arranged between ' them on just and equitable grounds. There have, no doubt, been faults on the side of civilisation as well as on the side of the savage. We all know that men will take advantage of inferior force, and there has been. a grasping spirit shown with regard to the possession of certain lands, which the natives, rightly or wrongly, claimed. Then when a rupture was made and open hostilities began, the superior power was called in and conciliation was the order of the day. If moderation had been the rule at first amicable relations might have been preserved, but when the natives had proceeded so far as to plunder and murder wayfarers and outlying settlers coneilia -1 tion and forbearance came too late. We have alter nately offered them the iron hand and the velvet glove, but never both•together. It is to be hoped that the bitter experience of the last year will have taught both sides a lesson, and that those who lay down the conditions of peace will take care that all questions likely to give rise to dispute and discus sion are definitely settled. It is of course very diffi cult to trace those who for their own purposes en courage the natives to prolong the conflict, but if they could be detected they should be severely punished, Some of the natives at Taranaki have come forward and laid down their arms, expressing their anxiety for peace. These should be favour ably dealt with to encourage others. At Wanganin there has been a fresh attack by the natives on a party road making. The troops were afterwards sent to the rescue, and some lives were lost on both sides. The struggle is not yet over, and it will need strength of hand and coolness of head to bring it to a satisfactory termination. If some speedy and effectual change is not made in the management of our Workhouses, it will not be for want of painful and startling cases that come under the notice of the public. One after another the sad array of facts are disclosed, and the fearful details are made manifest, which prove how rotten must be the system that prevails, and how faulty the plans upon which the business of the Union Infirmaries is based. It is idle to say that exagge ration prevails, or that such descriptions are over drawn. The evidence is incontrpvertible, and the witnesses cannot be gainsaid. The annals of mar tyrdom do not disclose more frightful sufferings than are to be found in the harrowing records that meet the eye from time to time regarding the treat ment received at the hands of the officials in these establishments. Of course it is unfair to take one case as a sample of the whole, and many exceptions exist ; but there is something very wrong in a system where such occurrences are possible. It is not too much to say that such incidents as are re corded concerning the state of Thum= DALY, and even of RICHARD GIBSON, might have been alto gether prevented, and no doubt would have been so had proper attention been paid. In some respects the particulars of this new case are even worse than the former one, and it is to be earnestly trusted that those whose carelessness and culpable indifference have brought matters to such a pass will not be suffered to escape with the immunity that was shown to the other offenders. It is really too bad that the law should, screen, if not sanction, such offenders, and that year after year paupers should sink into untimely graves after fearful suf ferings, while the neglectful officials proceed with their careless work and no heed is taken. The jury who sat on RICHARD GIBSON'S case are very much to be commended for their decided manage ment of the affair, and by their steady verdict called attention to the circumstances of the case in a manner that could not be mistaken. The re sult has been an inquiry into the matter, which has revealed some frightful truths, and more than ever must impress the public with the conviction that justice is not rendered to those miserable occupants of our Union Infirmaries, who so much require it. had any one given the same details in a work of fiction they would not have been re ceived with credence, and people would have said that the picture was greatly overdrawn. Now in real earnest, in sober truth, the facts are presented to notice, and out of their own mouths the witnesses are condemned. It is really importemt that the public should judge for themselves concerning the details of the evidence, and all who have stood up for the maintenance of the present system are bound to examine for themselves into the particu lars presented by the evidence. The Poor Law Board have acted wisely in ordering an inquiry into this affair, as it has given every one an opportunity of speaking out, and when people convict them selves by their own evidence it is certain that there is great need of a change some where. The ex amination of the head-nurse should be carefully looked into, as it will recall to many the condition of our paupers when left to the tender mercies of the Union in circumstances that call for all the care and attention which can possibly be bestowed. The nurse admitted that she heard the doctor order water dressings for the leg of the patient, but that she had never seen the ordered carried out ; these duties were left to the pauper-nurses, and she paid no heed to them. Indeed, the management of this St. Giles's Infirmary appears to be about as faulty as possible, and a proof of this given in the way in which the distribution of beer is managed. The entire charge of this is given to the pauper nurses, and, therefore, none in authority know whether the patients receive what is ordered or not. The con- dition of the poor man is frightful to think of, and it is only by chance that it has been revealed to the public. Another pauper very properly wrote to Sir THOMAS HENRY, describing his sad state, and the worthy magistrate ordered instant attention to the case. He had been called upon by the wretched patient to wash his face, and he found him in a de- plorable state. " I washed him," he writes, " and such a sight of suffering may I never see again. He was covered with sores from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet." The ward in which this afflicted man was placed was an underground one, and so dark that it was only during some part of the day they could discern his features. His bed was not made for five days. His disease was scurvy, and he was unable to attend to himself through weakness. The head nurse admitted that she did not know whether GinsoN's bed was made or not, b ut that the " corner where he lay was very d ar k, so she never noticed whether or not his person was filthy." Also, she allowed that the deceased might have worn a shirt for a fortnight without her knowing it. Now, is this the course to be followed by one in so responsible a position ?—and there is not the shadow of an excuse, because many patients could not have been in the same sad condition as GIBSON was, and she ought to have made such sad sufferers the particular objects of her notice. This case of RICHARD GIBSON'S 18 another powerful instance of the necessity that exists for pauper nurses to be abolished, and for proper and efficient ones to be substituted. What the autho rities in St. Giles's Workhouse were about to per mit such neglect to take place is also a point which demands inquiry, and should be seen to by the Poor-Law Board. It seems to be taken for granted in some of these places that the sick do not require to be kept clean, and altogether that it is of very little consequence if anything is done for them or not. In a Christian country it is not too much to expect that this system should be altered, and that when our helpless brethren pass from our sight to rHE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 11, 1861, take refuge in Infirmaries, they should not be treated in a manner that it is degrading to human nature to contemplate. All tends to the same end in the condemnation of such conduct. The claims of humanity urge an improvement ; the interests of the community demand more care of the welfare of its members ; and the laws of GOD and man are alike violated by the culpable course of action which has been commented on. It now remains to be seen whether the Poor-Law Board will take some decided steps, and definitively declare that a change must take place in the ma nagement of the Workhouse Infirmaries. Surely a sufficient number of wretched paupers have been sacrificed to the pernicious system that prevails. Could they speak from their graves, and tell us of the agonies of their sick lives and untended death-beds, we should be shocked indeed ; but enough witnesses can be found, if they are sought for with diligence, and it is important that immediate attention should be paid to this matter, in order that no more such disgrace ful cases as • those of TIMOTHY DALY and RICHARD GIBSON occur. It is impossible to tell how many have occurred, because it is always a chance if the worst things are known, and the best proof of the difficulty of their being made public is the fact that these two coming under notice at all were excep tional cases. One was taken out of the Infirmary, and the other's condition was made known by the letter being sent to the magistrate, which is a thing very seldom done. Enough, and more than enough, has, however, been told to urge on the authorities to some active measures, and it remains for them to show the community whether or not they are worthy of the trust committed to their charge. In the midst of the rapid progress of European civilisation it is interesting and instructive to turn sometimes to the pictures of a different state of things. An account which has just been received in this country respecting the condition of Madagascar, derived from official sources, presents some very curious aspects. Madagascar is to most of us little more than a name. It occupies, it is true ; a larger space on our maps than some better known places, but is only regarded as a large uncivilised island on the African coast. Some slight interest attaches to its name from the risks and dangers encountered there by the indefatigable female traveller Madame IDA PFEIFFER ; and, in fact, the hardships which she underwent under the orders of its amiable QUEEN were the immediate cause of her death. There was, too, a great commotion in the royal and political circles of Madagascar some time since, and the native Christians have always run some risk on account of their faith. Otherwise Madagascar has no interest for us; our trade with it is insignificant, and we know scarcely anything of its products. All this is, however, owing to accidental circum stances, and the story of Madagascar strongly shows how much more depends on the race which inhabits a country than on its natural advantages. Madagascar, so powerless and unimportant, is larger than France, has a healthy climate, is well watered, and has two chains of mountains. Gold and silver are found in some parts, and copper, iron, mercury, and coal mines exist. The fertility of the soil is so great that indigo, tobacco, potatoes, rice, sugar cane, and other valuable productions, grow almost spontaneously. Coffee, too, flourishes, or would flourish with common care, but the thoughtless in habitants import the greater part of what they use. The political constitution of Madagascar has a great deal to do with its wretched condition. Of what use are the richest mines to people who are pro hibited on pain of death from digging in search of ores or metals. What gain can be derived from the most fertile soil when there are no roads for the conveyance of goods ? With the ingenious idea of keeping foreigners out of the island no roads have ever been made, and, consequently, all merchandise has to be carried on men's shotilders. On the principle which formerly actuated the Ja panese, the great idea with the Queen and the rulers isto cut off all communication with the outer world. Yet some trade is carried on with Zanzibar and Bombay, and there are consuls and foreign set tlers in the sea ports. The capital, Antananarivo, contains about 80,000 persons, and the total p9pu lation is estimated at 5,000,000, of whom about one-tenth are Christians. It is curious to find that even this out-of-the-way nation has felt the shock of the American civil war, showing how widely that convulsion has extended. How long Madagas car will continue in its present state is a question for the curious politician. It is possible that a new reign may inaugurate a better state of things, and develope some of the vast natural resources of the island for the benefit of its own people and the ad vantage of the outer world. Adelphi Theatre, A new my lological extravaganza by Mr. Byron, entitled " Pan or the Loves of Echo and Nar cissus," was produced here last evening. The plot is as follows :—Pan, being anxious to be loved for himself alone, obtains permission to go to earth as a man, but not when human to possess any divine attributes. Disguised as a peasant, he beholds Syrinx, and on finding she loves Narcissus, the indignant Pan blights the crops and afflicts the whole neighbourhood with the consequences of his displeasure. Echo, who loves Pan, makes a compact with Syrinx) who loves Narcissus) the terms of which are that Syrinx shall do her best to induce Pan to return the love of Echo, whilst Echo shall try to bring about a match between Syrinx and Narcissus. Echo plays her friend false, and induces Syrinx to take a sea trip— really selling her to the pirates—whilst Pan sells Echo to the same purchasers. Narcissus enters the vessel disguised a a mariner, and drugging the pirates' wine, escapes with the two nymphs. Pan, having lost his love—for Syrinx, who unselfishly saves Echo, is now beloved by Pan—and being haunted by Echo, whom Jupiter converts into a wandering voice, pipes up his own dirge on the famous instrument which bears his name, and which he forms from a reed by the river bank, and determines to stop at home for the future and not interfere with mortals. Mr. Toole as Pan, Mrs. Mellon as Narcissus, Miss Clara Denvil (her first appearance here) as Echo, Miss Lilian Bruce as Syrinx (also a new appear ance), Mr. Robert Romer as Dryope, Mr. Paul Bedford as a Carian pirate, Miss Kate Kelly as Jupiter, Miss A. Seaman as Mercury, and a host of nymphs, satyrs, and pirates, work out the arrange ment very effectively. The extravaganza is sprinkled with music-hall melodies, which of course produce their accustomed applause. The burlesque was a success, and no doubt will prove highly attractive during the Easter holidays. 1 THE LARGEST RAILWAY BRIDGE IN THE WORLD. —The proposed bridge which is to carry the South Wales and Great Western Direct Railway across the river Severn, near to Chepstow, is, according to the design of Messrs. Fowler and Fulton, the engineers, to be two miles and a quarter in length, and is to have sufficient headway to permit masts of ships of 122 feet in length to pails under when the surface of the river is at the level of merat tide, so as in no way to impede the navigation. The principa opening which is to cross the low-water channel its to be GOO feet span, being the total width of the Thames at Southwark-bridge, or 150 feet wider than the span of the Menai-bridge. Messrs. Fowler and Fulton estimate the probable cost of this bridge at £980,000, for which stun the eminent firm of Messrs. Cochrane, Grove, and Co. have undertaken to complete the work. The gradients upon this new route will be such as to make the line between London and the South Wales coalfields better adapted to a large coal and mineral traffic than any other line of i;he same length in the kingdom. The shortening of distal ►ce and securing the better gradients will practically diminish the journey between Milford Haven, the South Wale§ co tll - and London by about 40 wiles. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE CITY OF LONDON, (Via Crookhaven.) NEW YORK, APRIL 1 (Morning). The following are the heads of the news brought by the City of London : A general movement of Grant's army commenced on Wednesday, the infantry moving across Hatcher's river, and Sheridan advancing to cut the Southside railroad. Thomas is reported to be moving towards Lynch burg from the south-west. The movement against Mobile commenced on the 18th. President Lincoln and Mr. Seward are still at City Point. There is no further development of peace rumours. Gold, 1511. General Grant's army, in front of Petersburg, commenced moving on Wednesday, their place being supplied by troops from the north side of the James's river. Sheridan co-operated in the move ment. An infantry column crossed Hatcher's river on the Vaughan road, meeting no opposition until within a short distance of Boylton Plank road, where they drove back the Confederate pickets Griffin's division advanced up the Quaker road, where, during the afternoon, the Confederates charged them, but were repulsed with severe loss. The total Federal casualties are estimated at 250. The Federals captured 100 prisoners. Sheridan was last heard of at Dinwiddie Court House, with the supposed intention of cutting the Southside railroad. On Thursday morning Grant's army was in a line parallel with and east of Boylton Plank road, and west of Hatcher's Run. The Confederates are believed to be in strong force near Gravelly Run. A heavy engagement is expected. On Thursday firing was heard, but it is believed that the operations have been interrupted by rain. Sherman's army is. still resting ; all is quiet in their front. Southern papers claim that Johnstone drove Sherman from the field at Bentonville on the 21st. The total Confederate loss at Bentonville was 2,500. Raleigh papers believe that Sherman will move towards Weldon. The Federal advance against Mobile commenced on the 17th, the troops moving from Dauphin Island to the mainland on both sides of the bay. They commenced their march towards the city on the 18th. The navy would co-operate. Mobile Point despatches announced that Moore's brigade landed near Navy Cove on the 22d, and drove a portion of Gardner's command four miles. The Confederates being reinforced from Mobile, Moore fell back without loss, having obtained his object, which was a reconnaissance. Every preparation was made for heavy fighting. Heavy artillery firing war heard on the 21st. Mobile is provisioned for a six months' siege. , The Spanish and British Ministers accompanied Mr. Seward to City Point. General Thomas has joined Gillem at Knoxville, and moved in the direction of Virginia. He has now reached Greenville, and is building a railroad in his rear, keeping up a communication with Knoxville. The object of the expedition is believed to be to hold South-Western Virginia, and to move on and capture Lyncliburg. Tne Confederates have repulsed the demonstra tion by Grierson's cavalry against Tapello, Missis sippi, Grierson retreating towards Memphis. The Federals have burned and evacuated Dalton, Georgia. The Confederates in Texas are reported to be pre paring a movement to seize and hold Arizona, to open a route to California, and enable the Califor nians to aid the Texans. The New York Herald states that General Slaughter, commanding at Brownville, requested an interview with General Wallace, who was visiting Matamoras. The result of the interview was that Wallace sent despatches to New Orleans with di rections to the bearer to land at Galveston on his return. This was supposed to indicate an intention on the part of Texas to declare itself, independent of the Southern Confederacy. The British brig Goldhunter has been wrecked. The crew were saved. The City of London, from New York on the Ist April, arrived here at 7.30 a.m. to-day, with X 40,000 in specie, the mails, and 284 passengers. She landed 56 passengers, and proceeded at 7.45 COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. a.m. Money abundant. Gold, 1514. Exchange on London, 1654 ; on Paris, 3 39 ; stocks slightly firmer; New York Centrals, 868 ; Illinois, 954 ; Erie, 50/ ; 5-20 Bonds, 1058 ; cotton dull ; Middling Upland, 46c. ; flour and wheat declining; corn dull ; provisions heavy ; coffee, sugar, and molasses quiet ; petroleum quite ; crude, 33i ; re fined, 54. LIVERPOOL, APRIL 11. The Inman steamer City of Cork, from New York on the 29th ult., arrived here this morning. Her telegraphic advices have been anticipated. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, APRIL 11. The debate on the bill for the modification of the constitution, which has been protracted for i3o many weeks, was concluded last night in the Rigs raad. The bill was passed in the Landething, but rejected in the Folkething by a small majority. PORTUGAL. LISBON, MARCII 10, 10.11 p.m. The Duke de Louie and the other- members have resigned. The King has summoned the Marquis of Sada Bandiera to the Palace. BOMBAY AND MAIIRITIIIS MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, APRIL 11. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam ship Delta, with the heavy portion of the Bombay and Mauritius mails, has arrived here. She brings 95 passengers, including their Highnesses Ghohel shree and Jeysnigee and suite, and Capt. Luther, of the Royal Navy; £5,525 in specie, and 528 packages of general cargo—chiefly cotton. On the 7th she spoke the steamer Genova and Delhi, and on the Bth her Majesty's ship Revenge, bearing the flag of Admiral Yelverton, steering north. GIBRALTAR, APRIL 6. The British bark Jane Pixie, of Shields, was run into and sunk by the Swedish bark Balder, off Malaga, on the 28th. The crew were landed here by the Balder. The British brig Specimen, of Swansea, was abandoned at sea "on the 27th ult. in a sinking state, and her crew were landed here by the Austrian bark Australia. Disturbances are apparently apprehended in the South of Spain. A flying column, composed of a squadron of horsemen and two battalions of infantry, with field pieces, was to leave Seville for the pur pose of scouring the provinces, and another column was to start from Granada. Sidi Mohamed el Katid, former Moolish Minister for Foreign Affairs, had arrived at Tangiers for the purpose of investigating the differences between the merchants and the Government of Morocco as to the amount due from the former for customs duties, and to insist upon immediate payment. The reports of the crops in the northern districts of Barbary are favourable. The weather has been propitious for the late sowing, and there is a pro spect of a good harvest. Exchange on London at Gibraltar, 90 days, 49 on Paris, 525 ; on Madrid, 8 days, 2 dis. PRANCE. PARIS, APRIL 11 The Government has approved the resolution of the shareholders of the Bank of Savoy to cede their privileges to the Bank of France, and an Imperial decree has been issued authorising the Bank of France to open branch establishments at Anncey and Chambery. BOURSE, April 10.—The market is firm„ and prices have slightly improved Threes, for the Account, have been done at 671. 80c. The fol- lowing are the last quotat 4} per Cents 96 Do. end month 8 per Cents. 67 55 Do. end month 67 70 Credit Mobilier Do. end month 816 25 Bank Shares 3550 Credit Foncier 1290 Roman 74 25 BAIL)) ions:— Italian Loan 66 70 Do. end month 65 90 Ditto Threes — New Mexican Russian , — Austrian Spanish Threes 46 50 Home Debt Deferred - WAYS. Cash. Acct. Orleans Northern lO6l 25 ... 1065 Lyons and Mediterranean 982 50 ... 985 Southern 612 ... 615 Western 533 75 ... 536 25 Eastern Sardinian 307 50 ... 806 25 Austrian Lombard 552 50 ... 551 25 North of Spain BO5 ... 305 Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona l6O ... Modern Clubs. (FROM A COItRtSPONDENT.) Within the last two or three years the number of clubs in London have nearly doubled, and still others are being daily commenced. At the beginning of the century " club men" might be counted by hundreds ; now tens of thou sands would be no exaggeration in speaking of their num bers. The club is no longer regarded as a luxury, but almost an essential, by every one belonging either to the upper or the middle classes of society. It has be come an integral portion of our social institutions, and one of the first things considered by a young man on beginning life is, "To what club shall I belong ?" The practice has reached such a pitch that for a man to be a member of three clubs is a common , circumstance, while to belong to as many as four or five is by no means unusual. The custom, which originated in the very highest classes, is now pene trating downwards, and even workmen have their clubs. A few considerations on the general principles which regulate the formation of these widely-spread institutions may not be devoid of interest. First of all it must strike every one as a curious fact that it was in essentially domestic England that the club should have originated, and that France, ever notorious for want of due appreciation of "home," should have imported the anti-domestic institution from us. We will not seek to trace out the causes of this apparent anomaly, though they would not perhaps be difficult to find, but content ourselves with taking the London club as it actually exists. The bond of union which has created and maintained these associations varies widely. In some, such as Brookes', the Reform, and the two Carltons, it is similarity of political opinion. In others, such as the different military, naval, and clerical clubs, it is a similarity or identity of profes sion. In others, again, the two Athenaeums, the Garrick, White's, and the St. James's, it is similarity of tastes and habits. With a few the bond of union has been produced by a similarity in previous education—for example, the Public Schools Club, the University, the Oxford and Cambridge, etc. There yet remain one or two which which have no apparent principle of cohesion. Among them may be named the Wyndham, Arthur's, and the Union. Now, we think that there is something radically wrong in all these modes of association. If there is one thing more than another which distinguishes the enlight ened man, it is the absence of class and professional preju dices. His judgment is unwarped by consideration for per sons, whom he rightly regards as nothing in comparison with facts. A soldier who has committed an offence is not the less guilty in his eyes because he is himself a soldier, a clergyman not less obnoxious to censure because he also wears a gown, a man about town because he belongs to the same "set." By contact and intercourse with men of every class, profession, and opinions, he has counteracted the ill effect of the stereotyped, hereditary ideas and habits of the home circle, the narrowing influences and conventionalities of his profession. He has emancipated himself from the restraining bonds of class or political party. In short, he is a citizen of the world, not a mere member of a clique or profession. Does club life tend to produce such a man as this ? We answer confidently it does not. The soldier with the pipe clay and, dust of Aldershot fresh upon him rushes up to the Army and Navy Club, where he meets but the counterpart of his recently left associates, and hears only a repetition of the conversation to which he has been daily listening for the last six months. The parson, tired of the society of parsons and mutual clerical dinners, spends a few days in London, and going to the Clergy Club, finds he has only changed the scene, not the dramatis personx. The politician drives from the House of Commons to the Reform, Carlton, or Brookes'—for any real purpose he might as well have re mained in the smoking-room of the House, for he meets the same person hears the same ideas propounded. The Oxford Don makes a similar discovery at the University, and the dandy who lounges into White's merely transfers himself from Rotten-row out of doors to Rotten-row under cover, and without the attraction afforded by the presence of ladies. In each case there is no freshness, no striking out of new ideas by the conflict of opposite minds, no correction of preconceived opinions, no insight to be gained into the feel ings of those not of his social circle, for all whom he meets belong to the same set, have been brought up in a similar manner, and have opinions almost identical. Thus, at the club, the soldier cannot emerge from the barrack-yard, the sailor from his quarter-deck, the politician from the Houses of Parliament, the dandy from Rotten-row. Consequently, one great advantage which might be derived from club life is unattainable under present circumstances ; namely, a knowledge of other circles or professions, the suggestion of new ideas, the extension of knowledge, and the correction of prejudices. All clubs should be cosmopolitan, and, so to speak, catholic in character. The Liberal, the Conser vative, the lawyer, the count' y gentleman, the traveller, the artist, the man of science or letters, the soldier, the sailor, the merchant, the dandy would there meet on common ground. Each would contribute ideas, experi ence, and knowledge ; thought would be stimulated, pre judices rubbed away, tolerance and large-mindedness pro duced. Each would pay something into, each would receive something from, the common stock, Klass and professional isolation would be diminished, conventionality receive a death-blow, and an increased knowledge of different classes and sets would result in augmented mutual esteem. MARKETS—This Day. HAY MARKETS. SMITIMELD.—Meadow hay, £4 lOs to £5 8s Od ; clover, £5 10s to 16 8s Od ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 13s per load. Trade steady. - - - -•— • -- - - CUMBERLIND.—Meadow hay, £4 10s to £5 8s ; clover, £5 lOs to £6 lOs ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 13s per load. A steady demand. _ _ _ WIIITECHAPEL. — Meadow hay, £4 10s to £5 8s ; clover, £5 lOs to £6 lOs ; and straw, £1 8s to £ll3B per load. Trade firm. COLONIAL. TEA.—Business has been moderately active, and prices have remained without any change of importance. SUGAR.—The market has remained dull although prices show little variation. In the refined market there is no material alteration to report. COFFEE.—The demand for colonial descriptions has been rather dull, and owing to the late large arrivals prices have in several instances shown a downward movement. moderate amount of business has been done in fair and medium qualities at about late quotations. TALLOW.—The market has continued depressed in all particulars. P.Y.C., on the spot, is quoted 395. 6d. April to June, 405., and last three months, 41e. 6d. per cwt. LITERATURE, Manual of The Turkish Bath. From Writings of Mr. Urquhart. Edited by Sir John Fife, M.D. One Vol., pp. 419. Churchill and Sons. The Subtitle of this comprehensive gathering together of almost everything of interest that the curious might desire to learn in regard to the Turkish Bath expresses in one very simple phrase the whole secret of the value of that same won derful Bath as henceforth, we will hope, one of our established institutions. " HEAT A MODE OF CURE and a Source of Strength for Man and Animals." In that one sentence you have, we repeat, the whole secret of whatever there is of excellence in the Turkish Bath made plain to you at a glance —so legible that those " who run may read"—so com prehensible that there can be no possibility of any mistake at all as to the meaning of it. Ordinarily a Bath implies water hot or cold. In the Turkish Bath, however, water plays a merely subordinate part. What mainly constitutes that "Bath" is Heat, is Caloric. Heat and Moisture are the benign agencies employed for the luxury of those in health, for the alleviation of the sufferings or discomforts of those in ill-health who resort to the Turkish Bath—the one seeking in it their cure, the other resorting to it simply for the purposes of purifica tion. The Turkish Bath as a luxury we have already described at some length in these columns, explain ing as accurately as printed characters could enable us to do so the modus operandi of the finest Turkish Bath within our own experience —the most luxurious bath, we believe, anywhere to be found—meaning the Hammam, in St. James's. Having thus not very long since minutely described the structure of, and the system in vogue there at, the Hammam—it was as recently, by the way, as the 17th of last February that our account of the Turkish Bath in Jermyn street appeared in the columns of The Sun— we abstain here purposely from any attempt to relate the same story all over again ! " Twice Told Tales" may be all very well from a Hawthorne—but, given to the world through the medium of journalism, they imminently run the hazard of proving wearisome. Besides, the Tur kish Bath as a system has already become so firmly rooted among our popular institutions that the mere manner of the thing is by this time very well known to the generality. If not by actual experi ence (more 's the pity !)--at any rate by description ! The sweating, the shampooing, the washing, the rubbing (in lieu of the obsolete strigil), with the camel-hair-glove, the lathering, the final sluicing all over before quitting the washing-room, the douche, the needle-bath, the plunge in the swim ming tank, the cooling room, with its choice of sherbet or coffee, chibouque or narghile—why, the loungers in Pall-mall or Piccadilly, the flaneurs of our West-end pavements, know the whole mystery of the thing quite familiarly by this time ! They know it perfectly "by heart," as one may say, through their own periodical experience of it, some weekly, some bi- weekly, some even with the utmost regularity day after day ! It is the philosophy of the whole thing that is here descanted upon, not the method of it merely in these four hundred and odd discursive pages of " The Manual of the Turkish Bath"— pages many of them, by the way, jotted down in flying hieroglyphics by the pencil of the stenogra pher ! Upwards of the first hundred, for example— preliminary pages which are among the most interest ing in the whole volumes—contain within them the record by short-hand-writers of Two important Dialogues between Mr. Urquhart and some Thirty or Forty Medical and Professional gentlemen. The First of these Dialogues taking place on the 27th of July, 1860—the Second of the two on the 25th of February, 1861, this latter at River side, Rickmansworth. Turning over as rapidly and as carelessly as we may please, the pages of this very curious Volume, it is impossible not to have our attention awakened, our curiosity excited, our liveliest interest kindled by the clear, bold, sharp, incisive home truths that we find to have fallen upon these pages, as we turn them, either from the lips or from the pen of Mr. Urquhart. We will excerpt here, by way of illustrution, a few utter ances of his, taken almost hap-hazard, just as they happen to meet our glance, while running the leaves of the "Manual" carelessly 'twixt finger and thumb. Mr. URQUHART /oqUitur- " The results of my experience are that I have the consciousness of possessing ...entire command over all organic disease by means of the skin, and can command the skin by heat."—p. 11. " There is no power by which the proper direc tion of nutrition can be attained except through the skin. The bath does no more than regulate the nutrition. Scrofula is imperfect nutrition ; cancer is imperfect nutrition ; indigestion, rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, are imperfect nutrition. Give a power by which nutrition can be regulated and you can immediately control these various diseases."— p. 14. " Disease is only filth."—p. 18. " Your idea is washing a sponge on the outside my idea is taking and . compressing that sponge." —p. 20. "No substance goes out from you by perspira tion except the noxious matter that you ought to get rid of."—p. 21. " Those only who have gone through the bath can say, ' Now I know how filthy I have been.' " —p. 22. " The luxury, the enjoyment, the curative power of the bath are inseparable from the shampooing." —p. 27. " Our life is electrical no less than sanguineous. When it is exhausted the muscle suffers, and the the symptom is pain. Restore the vital current and develop a larger amount of electricity, and the symptom disappears, and the muscle thereupon resumes its power of continued action ; so that you obtain the results that would otherwise have to await a prolonged cessation from labour and the intervention of the restoring influ ence of sleep. I come in exhausted—have pain accompanying that exhaustion. I should have to lie for hours before the refreshing took place; I should have to sleep upon it again in order to obtain it. But Igo into the bath, where, in addition to heat, I have manipulations and blows if necessary. I come forth again fit for work, and relieved from suffering." —p. 72. _ . " The assumption that the Turks are fat is as groundless as that their climate is dry. The safe rule in all such cases is to take the contrary of a popular notion !"—p. 80. " He who holds alterations of temperature to be injurious to man has superadded to a morbid skin a diseased mind !"—p. 85. "As to indigestion or dyspepsia, the bath, by calling the blood to the surface, affords relief to the stomach."—P. 102. Cum Cmteris Paribus. As a mere preliminary to the trial of the Turkish Bath, a perusal of the contents of this Manual I to it, will be found, by reason of its unquestionable originality throughout, positively refreshing. Its thoughts are completely new—at any rate, to the great mass of Europeans. Its facts are derived from actual experiment, from prolonged and reite rated experience. The book takes us out of the common track—it lifts the reader from those old world ruts or grooves in which his notions have been hitherto [(by the mere force of habit) running, and takes him in quest of health if not to " fresh fields and pastures new," at any rate, to a perfectly novel realisation of what is cleanliness, of what is physical exhileration. Hear but the evidence of the old man who entered the bath nearly bent double, after years of suf fering, and who walked out of it, after a very few hours, erect, and with an elastic step—hear him exclaiming, " I entered it on all fours, I leave it with wings !" Or read here, finally, on page 175, this description of the Bather emerging from his luxurious enjoyment :—" The body has come forth shining like alabaster, fragrant 'as the cistus, sleek as satin, soft as vel- vet. The touch of the skin is electric. Buffon has a wonderful description of Adam's surprise and delight at the first touch of himself. It is the description of the human sense when the body is _ _ . brought back to its purity." Brought back to - its purity, it can alone be, effectually, by an agency such as that of the Turkish Bath —for the restoration of which to this country we have indeed full reason here in England to be most grateful to Mr. Urquhart's sagacity, aided and enforced, as his sagacity has been, by his resolute courage and his indomitable perseverance. Altogether this present Manual of the Turkish Bath, as compiled from the writings of Mr. Urquhart (writings selected and arranged under the supervision of Sir John Fife) is incomparably the most comprehensive and reliable guide book to the Bath that has yet, within our own knowledge, been published. ME CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From the Times' Correspondent.) NEW YORK, March 28. The roar and din of battle have recommenced along the lines of Petersburg and Richmond, not on this, as on so many previous occasions, at a signal given by the invader ; but by the deliberate act of the invaded. Lee's, or more probablyßeauregard's, attack upon the supposed weak point of Grant's army at Fort Steadman was brilliantly successful for awhile ; but for want of adequate force to retain what was won against the fresh troops and superior numbers of the adversary, the result was unsatisfac tory as well as dearly purchased. Military critics do not, however, imagine that the object of the Confe derate generalissimo has been entirely frustated by the unexpected stand of the Federals at this point, but are of opinion the movement was intended to derange the plans of General Grant for a combined naval and military attack upon Richmond, and that to this extent it has been successful. However this may be, Admiral Farragut's fleet of Monitors, iron dads, and other vessels is still in Hampton Roads, awaiting orders, while Mr. Lincoln protracts his visit to Grant's headquarters as if he expected to be a spectator of the final catastrophe. It is not im possible, however, and, according to many who sympathise with the South and, in spite of its recent disasters, hold firm to the faith that it will yet tri - umph over all obstacles—it is not improbable that the abandonment of Richmond may be a necessary link in the chain of some scheme of strategy which General Lee has formed to retrieve the falling for tunes of his country, and transfer the brunt of war to regions where he may inflict more and receive less damage than in his present capital. The struggle between Grant and Beauregard— if the latter be, as is believed, in command of the defences of . Richmond —has not been ended or delayed by the capture and recapture of Fort Stead man, but at the time at which I write is still raging. On the line of Sherman's march it would seem, at first glance, as if he were carrying all before him, and that having been joined by the supporting columns of Generals Terry and Schofield, the Con federates can no longer successfully withstand him. But careful investigation of the confused and con tradictory telegrams that Mr. Stanton receives and publishes, and of the confessions of Federal writers and spectators, shows that Gen. Johnston is syste matically, if not successfully, impeding and harass ing Sherman's advance ; that the army under his command, composed at first of but loose materials, increases in numbers, improves in discipline, and warms in spirit every day ; that it is not his purpose to risk a great battle, but to retire gradually, doing his enemy all the mischief he can, and detaining him as long as possible at every stage of his progress, suc cessively abandoning to him every city and town at which he appears disposed to halt, and either draw ing him on to Raleigh and beyond it to the line of the Roanoke, or forcing him to the lines of the Neuse and the Cape Fear River, or even to Wilmington, if he, by a march too protracted in another direction, should find himself in danger of interrupted sup plies. The final stand, if Sherman persists in ad vancing, will be made on the Roanoke—a position said to have been deliberately chosen for the purpose by Gen. Lee, strong by nature, strengthened still further by art, and admirably adapted by the con figuration of the ground for protracted defence by a comparatively small army against an opponent thrice as numerous. So confident, however, is the North of speedy victory that it is considered treason or fatuity, or, at the best, a very virulent form of Copperheadism, in any one to hint that the end may not be so near as it seems. No one cares to listen to such treason able hints. The World newspaper, the organ of the War Democracy—or that portion of the Democratic party which, in consideration of the submission of the South and the re-entrance of all the States into the Union, would grant the South every favour and immunity it could fairly ask, including complete amnesty, the repeal of the Confiscation Acts, the better definition and more solid guarantee of State rights, and the perpetuation of negro slavery—is, or appears to be, as thoroughly convinced as the most joyous and sanguine member of the Abolitionist and Republican party that the struggle of the South is within a few weeks of its final collapse, and that the number of those weeks may be counted on the fingers of one hand. The Republican party is even more san guine than the Democratic in its anticipation of the immediate close of the war. In the New York Times of yesterday—a journal which represents that section of the Republicans of whom Mr. Seward rather than Mr. Lincoln is the leader—an article appears, which fore shawdows a war on behalf of Republicanism in Mexico as not only the necessary, but the immediate conse quence of that peace between the North and South, which it looks upon as certain to result within a few weeks from the operations of Generals Grant and Sherman. The writer states in effect that whether the Federal Government may or may not feel dis posed to take part in such an undertaking, it may and probably will be compelled to do so by the spon taneous action and irrepressible enthusiasm of the American people, who, he believes, will rush in mul titudes to that rich and coveted land. " Whatever may be the policy of our Government," says the critic, " sixty days will not elapse after the disbandment of our armies before Maximilian will see the gleam of American bayonets. Thousands of soldiers in both the national and Confederate armies have contracted a taste for war that would of itself draw them into any military field within their reach. Other thousands, who would be willing enough under ordinary cir cumstances to return to peaceful pursuits, would be eager to join in clearing the continent from Imperial usurpation. Our Government has no power to pre vent any such soldier, after his discharge, from going to Mexico and enlisting after he gets there under the Republican flag." The worst part of this statement is its undeniable truth, as far as the North is con cerned. " Could," the writer continues, " those who had been American soldiers fight foreign mer cenaries for any length of time on behalf of Repub licanism without so firing the American heart at home that the Government would have no alterna tive but to launch into to the conflict ?" Once more New York is to witness the renewal of the draught. The bounty money contributed by in dividuals,municipalities, and counti es i s ex h austed, anc volunteering un teering has come to an end. No Irish, English, or German mercenary, and no Yankee patriot offers himself at the recruiting-office ready to sacrifice his life or his limbs for a cause he is told to believe the noblest in the world. \ The fiat has consequently gone forth from the Government and from the Provost-Marshal for the turning of the wheel that is to make compulsory soldier; out of thousands of citizens who would rather chop wood, drive a plough, sit behind a desk, or wait upon the ladies in a palatial Dry Goods Store than take part on the battle-field in conquering the valiant and par ticularly obstinate South. To-morrow, it appears, is the day of destiny ; but as most people believe that General Lee is not only awaiting a graceful op portunity to give up the contest, it is highly probable that few of the conscriptible class will manifest any anxiety for the result, or greatly care whether their names be or be not drawn from the wheel, unless it be among those who have the means o pay for a substitute, who have determined not to serve in person, and with whom it is wholly a ques tion of money, and not of principle, who can there- :ore afford to possess their souls in patience. MR. HUTT'S MISSION TO VIENNA.-011 Friday last the Emperor of Austria received the Right Hon. W. Hutt, M.P., at a private interview, the tenor of which is said to have been highly favourable to tho success of the right hon. gentleman's mission to Vienna, although it is not to be concealed that the difficulties are still formidable.