The Sun. — London, England, 1835-02-10 00:00:00

are occasionally liable to misfortune—but a dutiful request by the Commons that he will be pleased to correct his mistake, is not therefore to be interpreta as a censorious rebuke. The defeat of an administra tion, at any given period of its existence, conveys no insult to the SOVEREIGN ; it is a simple intimation that the Cabinet possesses no longer the confidence of Parliament ; and the Prime Minister, thereupon, hon , estly and decorously declares to his MAJESTY his incapability of carrying on the Government : is there any thing insolent or contemptuous in this ? Surely not. The KING calls together a new set of councillors, who continue to act till, by the commission of sonic political blunder, they, in their turn, become discom fited ; and whether this occurs after the first hours or the first five years is, abstractedly considered, just alike in its consequence, and equally non-insulting. When the Tories talk of Mr. ABERCROMBY ' s majority ensuring a majority against the Opposition on the Address, they prove themselves to be unwise in their logic ; how reads the converse of the proposition ? " A majority against Mr. ABERCROMBY would en sure a large majority in, avour of the Opposition on the Address !" Why, by their own showing, they must in either aspect be defeated ! The infelicitous appointment of the Marquis of LONDONDERRY to the Court of St. Petersburgh has excited the most lachrymose appeals for merciful con struction by the Conservative inveterates, on behalf of so amiable a person and so faithful a follower of the Duke. For such a man and measure, at such a time, indeed, no little brilliancy of apology is needed ; but we were hardly prepared for one which has been just assigned by a Conservative writer, who suppresses the thunder of his indignation with great difficulty. " The Duke," he tells us, " may possibly be compelled to appoint the Marquis, as a visitation forced upon him by some practical necessity of party I" Whatever be the nature of the compulsion, or of the party (at home or abroad), if the Duke is obliged to succumb to " visitations" like this, the nation may well tremble at a Conservative Government. The same authority, alluding to the repeal of a bad law, designates it as being " a deep and damning stain both upon the Ministers that proposed, and the Par liament that passed it." That Parliament and those Ministers were the same, almost to a man, who pro posed and passed the Reform Bill I If " some prac tical necessity of party" shall by-and-by arise to con• sider that a bad law, neither the frankness of Sir ROBERT, nor the force of the Duke, may be sufficient to withstand the " visitation" which shall urge the re peal of what themselves and their party at the time, and to this day, believe to be a deep and damning stain upon the country. Every succeeding hour betrays some fresh instance of the moral incapacity of the Tories to govern the people in the spirit of the times. The bigotted ad herence to old principles, in defiance of their own fal lacious declarations, and the constructions put upon them by their friends of an unprincipled Press, is too unequivocally expressed to be mistaken ; and their smouldering intentions, unless effectually and promptly quenched, will burst into acts of inextinguishable Toryism, destructive alike to the interests and the hap piness of a free people. One branch of the Legisla ture may be considered as essentially Tory : if the Commons be gained to them by the supineness of the Members, the people will indeed have good cause to dread the " visitations" which may be forced upon an unreluctant Tory Government. Even were Conser vative promises made in truth and sincerity, and ex plicitly intelligible, there is no foreseeing the conse quences which " some practical necessity of party" may not hereafter produce. Let no Reformer, then, who, by a vacillating support of the present Govern ment, becomes a renegade to his declared principles, expect a merciful consideration from his present con stituents, or from the faction which he helps to esta blish in power—scouted by both parties, he will re ceive the contempt of all. Let him perform his duty according to promise and principle, unmoved by the many and corrupt influences which are openly and se cretly at work to swerve him from its path, and " verily he shall receive his reward" in the gratitude of a free and unsold people, and in the approbation of a conscience unpolluted by Conservative temptation. LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 10, 1835. The efforts of the Tory press are unceasingly directed to gain over the Moderates by means of alarm. Sensible that the affected neutrality of this party arises mainly from political imbecility, they have warily chosen their artillery, and wavering timidity is to be terrified into alliance. They are told that if the existing Government be overthrown, nothing short of a collision with the Throne, the House of Lords, and the Conservative portion of the Aristocracy, must in stantly and inevitably ensue, and anarchy from one end of the kingdom to the other be the fatal conse quence. When an enemy is in despair he is not over nice in the employment of any weapon of defence which chance may throw in his way—the Tories not only make false assertions, but talk nonsense into the bargain. In their dismay, they appear to think that those whose support they would win, have either "eaten of the insane root which takes the reason prisoner," or that they have no reason at all. It is asserted, that so great is the terror throughout the country of affording real hope or strength to those who would destroy our institutions, the appointment of Mr. ABERCROMBY to the Speaker's chair would at once ensure a large majority against the opposition on the address. All parties seem to be well aware that the choice of Speaker will determine the question of a Tory or a Liberal Government. According to the votes given on that occasion so will the seats be taken in the House, and the political bias of 'the members become at once manifested. It is idle to affect doubt— the contest is not one of person, but of principle. How, then, is it possible that- a majority in favour of Mr. ABERCROMBY can ensure a large majority against the opposition on the address ? By what process of reasoning can such an inference be deduced ? Will the persons who by their suffrages in favour of Mr. ABERCROMBY declare their opposition to a Tory Government, in the very next breath an nounce their adherence to a Tory Government ? Such a supposition is perfectly ridiculous. The ob ject of the Conservatives in putting forth this as sertion is clearly enough apparent : the opposition to the address is to be contorted into a censure upon the SOVE REIGN, and so monstrous an act of disloyalty is to frighten moderate fealty into Tory support I If Mr. ABERCROMBY shall be carried to the Speaker's chair on the shoulders of the Opposition, common sense will not want such straining to conclude that a successful opposition to the address becomes inevitable ; that such an opposition is to be construed into a censure, is a flexure of reasoning that we cannot in justice admit to be correct. The KING does not yet appear to have done aught deserving of censure: that his MAJESTY has been betrayed into an error of judgment, the people may and do believe—the best and the wisest The Paris papers of Saturday have been all re ceived ; from which we learn, with considerable sur prise, that the Austrian Government is resolved to compel the Swiss Cantons to an unconditional sub mission to the will of the Imperial Court. Our readers will remember, that on the Ist of January, the seat of the Federal Government was, according to the order of annual rotation observed in the Helvetian Republic, changed from Zurich to Berne, and that, in accordance with a diplomatic usage, all the Foreign Ministers residing at Zurich addressed official notes of congratulation to the Government. The Austrian Minister, however, instead of congratu lating the Government, seized upon the opportunity to complain that certain German refugees were afforded shelter in Berne ; that a public meeting had been allowed, in which the conduct of the Imperial Court was censured without the impious babblers being sub jected to punishment ; and that it was the will of the Emperor that not only should a residence in Switzer land be denied to the Refugees from Germany, but that no meetings offensive to the Imperial Court or Government should be permitted with impunity in any of the Cantons. To this note the Vorort returned for answer, that the Government of Switzerland re gretted that any ground of complaint on the part of Austria had existed, and that it would be one of it; first and most important duties to take care in future that nothing offensive to the Emperor should escape the vigilant repression of the Republic. This answer, in all respects so conciliatory, was not sufficiently adula tory to please the palate of the Emperor. His 'Majesty could relish nothing on the part of the Swiss Govern ment, less savoury that the signing of the declaration of the Vorort, agreed to in the sitting of the 22d of July, 1834, at Zurich. Note followed Note, from the Ist to the 26th ult., when the Austrian Observer appeared, containing a long official order, suspending, in the name of the Emperor, all communication with the Go vernment of Switzerland, until it has given pledges for the fulfilment of every demand made by the Imperial Court. In this document there is a long list of the various grievances endured by the paternal government of Austria, at the hands of the ingrates of Switzerland ; with various accounts of the long-suf fering, the loving-kindness, and the meek endurance of the Emperor, under the severest trials by which the patient forbearance of a Monarch could be tested. His Imperial Majesty is made to appear one of the worst-used men on earth, as well as one of the most amiable under the most wanton provocations. But TNE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1835. there is a limit to the pourer of endurance even of Saints And iViartyis, and that extreme point has been reached by the Emperor of AUSTRIA, under a host of annoyances which would have provoked the patriarchal fury of Jos himself. What effect the fulmination of this threat will have on the Vorort of Berne, will be ascertained very soon. We prestime the Government of the Republic must succumb to the power of Aus tria for the present ; but we trust that, whatever con sequences ensue, it will not yield to any compromise of those great principles of liberty upon which it was based. One of these would be the yielding up of such refugees to the Government of Austria as fled in con sequence of their political opinions, and to escape the punishment awarded to political offences. Neither can Switzerland agree to put down public meetings in in the Cantons, or to punish any person who chooses to censure the political principles of the Austrian Government, as this would amount to a pledge to extinguish liberty, by overturning the repre sentative system, which alone preserves the freedom and the institutions of the Republic. All that the Em• peror complains of as disrespectful to him in Switzer land, is essential to the existence of liberty in a free country. As easy would it have been for Shylock to take the pound of flesh without shedding the twen tieth part of a scruple of blood, as for Switzerland to put down political discussion in the Republic, and at the same time preserve the spirit of its present Go• vcrnment. In these Journals, as well as in the German Papers which have been received this morning, there are re ports of the disbanding of a considerable body of the Austrian troops, it being both unnecessary and too expensive to continue the present standing army in a season of profound peace. The reduction, however, will not be considerable,—perhaps not more than twenty thousand men, which is but a handful out of a body of troops, reported to exceed three hundred and sixty thousand efficient men, the whole amount of the standing army of Austria for the last four years. It is evident that a standing army so numerous as this must have cost the country an immense sum, over and above all charges for police, and the civil authorities immediately charged with the preservation of order among the peasantry. The domestic intelligence contained in the Paris Journals is not important. The rumoured change in the Cabinet has been postponed until the Government shall have ascertained the political movements which are expected to take place in London in a few days. There are no remarks on the subject of the Russian claims in these papers ; but they state that the law for the indemnification of America is now sure to pass, especially as the vote of the Senate has prepared the way for a calm and amicable consideration of the question. Intelligence from Bayonne to the 3d inst. has been received. The following is a copy of a proclamation issued by General MINA, on receiving the Govern. ment report of the insurrection in Madrid on the 18th of January. We should further observe that this pro. clamation was published in Pampeluna on the 23d ult.: " I hasten to communicate the above statement to the inha. bitants, and the army I have the honour of commanding, that they may not be led astray by other exaggerated reports which the enemies of the throne and the liberties of the country are industriously circulating. The authors of those scandalous scenes have cre now suffered the punishment of their offences. Being intrusted with the mission of destroying our enemies, to whatever class of society they may belong, in the provinces placed under my command, I have directed that whoever shall dare to foment the least disturbance, no matter in what sense, be immediately shot, whether said disturbance be provoked by one or more persons ; and I have, to that effect, issued express orders to all the generals of division, chiefs of brigades, com manders of forts and detachments, to carry this ordonnance into execution in their respective districts, without distinction of persons or parties. Finally, I have ordered that, wherever public tranquillity shall be disturbed, under any pretext what soever, all individuals found at a distance from their homes, excepting the authorities/ and other persons charged with the maintenance of order, shall be put to death. (Signed) MINA. " Head-quarters of Pampeluna, Jan. 23." General Mina writes, under date, Pampeluna, 29th ult. : " Martinez de la Rosa said, in the Chamber of Procuradores, that the army of the North was composed of 41,000 men. This assertion requires some explanation. Here is the man ner in which those forces are divided : _ Men quartered at the other side of the Ebro lO,OOO In garrison in different towns and forts in the four provinces Belonging to the army of the North, and stationed in other provinces Now in the field, in which the sick are included 16,000 Total number of men 41,000•" Letters from Rome state that Don MIGUEL has made his escape from that city on the 23d ult., and that as yet no person has ascertained whither he has proceeded. His domestics, as soon as his absence was made known, were questioned respecting him ; but they either knew not whither he went, or they had received orders to conceal all they knew on the subject. The French Ambassador appeared the most alarmed, and on the 24th ult. dispatched couriers to Civita Vecchia, and Genoa, to learn sidings of him ; but they returned without obtaining abtaining the slightest intelligence of the Royal fugi tive. Fears are entertained that MIGUEL meditates another visit to Portugal, where some of his emissaries are still at work. hire and extent of these absurd and impolitic exactions and restrictions from the following statement Were we called upon to select a spot the best cal culated, in our opinion, to demonstrate the evils of mis government, we think we should be tempted to fix on the island of Ceylon. It affords an edifying, though lamentable, proof, of the extent to which the perverse policy of man may succeed in defeating the benevolent intentions of nature. This important, but remote, and therefore neglected, dependency of the British Crown, is nearly half the size of England, and possesses a soil and climate so various that the vegetable productions of Eng land, France, and Spain, as well as those of the tropical regions, are raised in the greatest perfection, yet the num ber of the inhabitants does not exceed a million, and such is the state of agriculture, that even this popula tion, scanty as it is, depends in a great measure upon other countries for a precarious supply of food. The island abounds with valuable commodities ; its navigable rivers are numerous ; and its harbours, in capacity, safety, and convenience, far surpass all others in the Indian Seas ; yet its commerce is miserably contracted and unproductive. How comes it that a country enjoying so many natural advantages, once the resort of the mer chants of Arabia, India, and China, and still exhi biting, in the ruins of its magnificent reservoirs, the traces of extensive cultivation, should be reduced to so wretched a state ? The answer to this question is contained in a very interesting pamphlet just pub lished by Ridgway, entitled " A Brief Appeal to the Government and People of Great Britain in behalf of the inhabitants of Ceylon," and attributed to the late Member for Bodmin. Mr. PETRE imputes the evils that afflict Ceylon to a " long continued system of blind monopoly and arbitrary exaction," " the re lics," as he justly remarks, " of Dutch barbarism, re tarding the march of enterprise, and opposed to the ob vious policy and best interests both of the colony and its mother country." Our readers may form some judgment of th t 13a. " Of many of these exactions it is impossible to speak but in terms of unqualified condemnation and regret,—of some, as being altogether unjust and impolitic in themselves ; and of others as having been rendered so, either by the exorbitancy of their amount, or by the harrassing mode of their enforcement. Thus, in a country super-abounding with salt, no one is per mi!ted to enjoy that prime necessary of life without paying a price of` from 800 to 1,000 per cent. above the cost of its pro duction :—thus, in districts overrun with woods and wild beasts, and where the destruction of either is an absolute benefit to the community, no man can fell a tree, or shoot at an ele phant without a taxed license from the Government Collector 1 —Then, there are land- assessments and fish -rents, farmed out to speculators, and by them collected in kind ; high export du ties on various articles of native growth and manufacture ; heavy taxes on the importation of food and clothing ; harassing tolls on all goods transported from one part of the island to another; Capitation taxes; Licenses for carrying on parti cular trades ; Licenses for gambling, &c. &c. " The Revenue for 1831 amounted to £331,142. " Amongst the taxes composing it, were the following : " Salt £27,891 " Land rents 25,607 " Fish ditto " Sea customs " Cinnamon Each of these sources of revenue forms successively the subject of discussion ; the mischievous consequen ces of the present system of taxation are clearly pointed out, and the proper remedies proposed. The authorities of Ceylon seem to act on the prin ciple that the higher they screw the duty on an article of consumption the more productive it will be to the revenue, forgetting, or not knowing, that in the obsti nately perverse arithmetic of taxation, two and two do not always make four. Had Mr. PETRE done no thing more than expose the way in which the monopoly of salt is managed, that would have been sufficient to show the barbarous policy of the Government. This is an article of the first necessity to man wherever he exists ; it is capable of being employed with great advantage to agricultural purposes as a manure, and its fattening properties in feeding cattle are well known. Ceylon produces salt of the purest quality, and in quantity sufficient to supply the markets of India and the In dian Islands, as in fact it once did. This commo dity alone, if it were not for the influence of the Go vernment, would be the means of creating an extensive and profitable commercial intercourse between Ceylon and the neighbouring countries. But see how Mr. PETRE describes the effects of the salt monopoly : " On the mischiefs of the existing monopoly in Ceylon it is unnecessary to dilate. It interferes (as every one at all ac quainted with the island can bear testimony) with the true interests of the State no less than with the comforts and moral happiness of the people. It restricts the free use of the ar ticle for the cure of fish and for culinary purposes at home, and precludes it altogether from being sold, in any shape, abroad. In the meantime fraud, and smuggling, and evil habits increase ; the salt collected is often of an inferior qua lity, and when otherwise, is perpetually liable to adulteration, in retail. And for what are all these evils incurred? For an income in the gross of not more than 27,000/. or 28,0001., and which, after deducting from 20 to 25 per cent. for collecting, storing, and various contingent expenses, can seldom amount to 23,0001. a-year—a poor and inadequate return for all the miseries inflicted on the people, and all the unpopularity and reproach sustained by the Government in consequence of the exaction I " The pure salt, formed by solar evaporation, can alone be used in curing fish and meats; and the supply of this is re stricted. Salt, which was formerly given to cattle, and used in agriculture, can no longer be afforded. " In the salt districts of Ceylon, the formation is most abun dant in the driest seasons, when the crops are most liable to failure. The inhabitants, if allowed, could supply themselves with grain by exporting salt, or sendinc , it into the inte,ior. Indeed this is the only resource which . offers to them, and owing to successive droughts, and to the restrictions on the salt trade, some districts, which were once populous and thri ving, are now nearly deserted. " Even the fishermen are precluded from preserving their filh with the salt, which they could gather at their own doors. " After the Government has collected what it requires for its own limited sales at 800 or 1,000 per cent. above the na tural price, the remainder is annually dissolved by the rains : guards being appointed to ensure its destruction. " It is unnecessary to describe the feelings of a people, towards a Government which thus deprives them of the prin cipal resource bestowed on them by nature, punishes with fiscal severity any attempt to avail themselves of it, even in seasons of scarcity, and exacts an exorbitant premium on a scanty supply of this necessary of life, often so adulterated by re tailers as to be unfit for use. Even the Dutch East India Company, whose Government was organized upon a system of rigid monopoly which led to its ruin, did not restrict the free use of salt by its native subjects, or cause a wasteful destruction of the natural supply. " By destroying the salt monopoly throughout India, a pro digious stimulus would be given to the intercolonial trade, and under a system of moderate duties, large quantities of salt would be exported to Bengal, for the consumption of many millions of people now inadequately supplied. It would be used by them in curing provisions, in fertilizing lands, and in feeding stock, and as they will pay less for it, they will be able to enjoy many comforts, which they cannot now afford, besides having a ready market for their cheap grain. Tobacco is largely exported from Ceylon to the continent, and with the populous nations subsisting on rice, cinnamon, and other con diments, will be again in general use. It is also not impro bable that salt will be again largely exported to the Eastern Archipelago, and may constitute a part of the cargoes of ship ping engaged in the tea-trade. " These are objects of importance even to the commercial interests of this country • but I would rather advocate the ques tion on behalf of those who, having no voice in the Legislature, look up for justice and protection to the British Government." To out-do the Dutch in illiberality, nay in cruelty, to the native inhabitants of the Indian Colonies, we had thought was impossible. But we were mistaken ; this triumph of intelligence and humanity was reserved for British legislation in the nineteenth century. Our limits preclude us from prosecuting this inte resting subject at present, but we shall resume it to morrow. We are glad to see that the serious aspect which the question about the choice of a Speaker has now assumed, has roused the vigilance of the liberal consti tuencies throughout the kingdom. The great and general interest, which is thus publicly manifested, will, we doubt not, exercise a salutary influence over those wavering representatives, who might otherwise have pleaded ignorance of the wishes of their consti tuents, as an excuse for voting with the Mi nistry on a question which they would have pre tended to consider as of no public importance. Among those who are said to be inclined to vote for the re-election of Sir C. MANNERS SUTTON, we regret to hear the hitherto liberal Member for Tyne mouth mentioned. We trust the report is unfounded, but ought not the Honourable Member's constituents to satisfy themselves on a point of so much importance ? INSOLVENT COURT-(THIS DAY). Mr. John Hodson, a clerk in the Audit Office, Somerset House, whose case had been before the Court on two former occasions, came up to-day for adjudication. He .vas opposed by Messrs. /slicnoLLs and WOODROFFE on the part of several creditors, and was supported by Mr. Coors. The insolvent had been twice discharged under the Act, the last time in September, 1830. His salary now amounted to 3.50/. a-year, and his debts to 365/. On the former discharge in 1830 the sum of 401. a-year out of his salary, had been set aside for the benefit of his then creditors, and the object of the o pposition was to obtain a portion of his salary for his creditors. The insolvent had been some time seriously indisposed, and to avoid imprisonment, had offered to pay his creditors 1001. a-year. Some had refused, and the insolvent went to prison. The same offer had been since made, but some had rejected it. On the part of the creditors, for whom Mr. NICHOLLS ap peared, it was contended that the insolvent must obtain the consent of three-fourths of his creditors, having been dis charged within five years. Mr. WOODROFFE said he would prefer a portion of the salary to an adjournment, as the insolvent would perhaps lose his situation. The COURT said, if an arrangement was not effected, the insolvent must obtain the requisite consents. The case stood over, and the insolvent had agreed to enter into a rule of Court to pay the assignees 1001. a year. He was discharged, and the costs were allowed. MAIL COACH .ACCIDENT.—On Friday evening, the mail coach from the North was upset at the head of the Lower Burn, Arbroath, in consequence of a heap of rubbish having been imprudently allowed to remain on the street, which, at that place, is in the direct line of coaches passing to the north and south. Fortunately, there were only two pas sengers, both inside. One gentleman had his body so bruised that he was only yesterday able to leave the Inn for Edinburgh with his own carriage ; the guard and driver suffered slightly ; but the coach was sadly shattered, and the lamps and, windows were smitslled to atoms.—Aberdeen Herald. LITERAT -1.0 Q 11, TE.FIL Y REVIEW. No. CV. Murray, London, 18353 There are many able papers in this number, which comes recommended to us, besides, by the unusual moderation of its political temper. There is nothing of the virulent personality that we remember in the " Review" some two or three years since. It has be come forbearing, dignified, though as earnest as ever in the enforcement of its own particular views. The review of " Bennett's New South Wales" is well di gested, and we heartily agree with the justice of these remarks :—" We are much inclined to believe that the time is come when the society of this colony should be delivered, if possible, from further influx of moral pollution, and a new penal settlement established on some otherpert of that vast continent. Who can doubt that this is a country which must make a great figure in the world, either for good or evil, before three gene rations more shall have passed away ?—or contem plate without alarm the existence of a powerful nation, born and reared amidst such a moral atmosphere as at present shocks every new visitant of Sidney, and is but too apt to corrupt and harden the whole being of any one who protracts his residence there." Perhaps in the whole world there is not at the present moment, a ' country which exhibits so many broadly marked signs of improvement as Australia; and it is indeed full time, as the Reviewer justly obsecves, that the moral tone of its society should be heightened, by clearing it of all that pollution with which the colony is now unfortunately but too familiarized. " Correspondence de Victor Jacquemont" is a severe, but merited attack on the writings of a man, who, as a traveller, has oc cupied a far larger portion than he deserves, of public attention. "M. Jacquemont," says the critic, "is the personification—the beau ideal of a literary cox comb of the modern French school." This is strictly true. 'Yet he is not without redeeming excellencies. s amusing ; frequently smart, and He is almost aitvti:,' even brilliant ; and no then eloquent and graphic w Mit,: in his descriptions. But he has ;2t one atom of discretion. Indeed, we never met with a vs . .".iter so singularly deficient in this respect. " Population or Great Britain and Ireland," is elaborate, but dull, and unreadable by those who, like us, are sick of all popu lation schemes and disquisitions. We recommend it to Mr. Sadler, by whom it may be perused with ad vantage. The article on " Coleridge's Table Talk " furnishes us only with a luncheon, where we would gladly have enjoyed a dinner. By all accounts, Cole ridge must have been the first talker of his day, though he does not seem to have possessed the vigour and con densation of Dr. Johnson. The latter was terse ; the for mer diffuse and fond of amplification. The one always came at once to the point ; the other was perpetually ram bling from it. In point of various knowledge, Coleridge, we understand, was considered superior to Johnson. In point of imagination, we know he was. " Sir Robert Peel's Address" is of course animated in its eulogies of the nondescript Tamworth Manifesto. Speaking of the course which it behoves Sir Robert Peel to pUrsue in the present critical state of affairs, the Reviewer incidentally remarks, " No Minister ever stood, or could stand, against public opinion." We can imagine the horror and indignation with which old Gifford would have struck these words out, had any luckless contributor ventured to express them in those high-Tory anti-Reforming days, when he was the editor of the "Quarterly Review." Even now, it is an un expectedly liberal admission for this periodical to hazard. The writer seems to think that the present Ministers must remain in office, because, should they be displaced, t! , ey will not be able to find successors among the Consti tutional Whig party. What sheer cant is this? Are not the M embers of the Melbourne Cabinet still alive ? What, then, should prevent them from resuming office, the instant the incapacity of the Tory Administration has been proved to the satisfaction of the country ? It will not be long, we suspect, ere Lord Mel bourne's horses' heads are again turned towards Windsor ; though the Reviewer is of opinion that a junction, at no distant date, between Sir Robert Peel and Lord Stanley will effectually prevent any such contingency. On the whole, the article is ingeniously, though sophistically, reasoned. We have no space for extracts. LARDNER'S CABINET CY CLOPXDIA, No. 63. Longman and Co., London, 1835. The present number of this popular Cyclopmdia forms the first volume of the Lives of the most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men in Italy, Spain, and Por tugal. The most carefully written of these Lives, and in which the most research is apparent, are decidedly those of Dante and Petrarch, which are full of inte resting, and, in one or two instances, novel matters. PRICES OF STOCKS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Rank Stock 224 3% New 5 per Cent ""---- 3 per Cent. Red. 92,iiiiii l India .5 . ...,;, ck 3 per Cent. Cons 92 Ng 2 IN D'..co Bonds 3% per Cent , -- South Sea Stock Dittolied. New 3% per:Cent. .... ...... 'ilia -V.' N, New Ditto 4 per Cent. r Assentqd — 3 per Cont. Annuities, 1151... Distented ..... Ralik Long Annuities to expire Ditto 500 19 40 pm. Jan. 3 , 1 5 , 60...... ...... 17 5-Its % Ditto Small Oct. In t inn 17 3-16 % Ditto Commercial - pm. Jan. k 1860 Ditto Advertised — —pm lan. 5 mun — Bank Stock for Account — April 5, 1880 - India Stock for Acc0unt........ Jan. 5 1870 , Consols for Accotrit "216 N 1,'.. I'IIICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS .Austrian Bonds `Belgian Bonds Ditto Account — Brazilian Bonds BS N3 Ditto Account — Buenos Ayres Bonds — Ditto Account — Chilhan Bonds — THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Peruvian Bands .......... ....... 28!4 Dit - o Account Portuguese Bonds Ditto Account Ditto New Ponds ..312% Ditto Account Prussian Bond? Ditto Account — Columbian 80nd5......... Ditto Account — Columbian Bends, 1824 14 IA Ditto Account — Danisb Bonds Ditto Account Greek Bends... — 1)nto Bonds, 19,25 — Dam Account — &fox Icen Boucle, 5 per cent — Dittn Account — DiL - ei. II per cent — Ditt, Account — Neapolitan — Ditto Bonds, lA-2- , Russian Bonds, Ditto Account Ditto Metallic Spanish Bonds ?b Ditto Account 56N?; 'A Ditto Bonds, ic'.l3 Ditto Account French, 5 p,r cent. --c. 4 per cent........... —f —r. •.'s per cent. Excli?.nge• r. C. Dutch, 2L:, pe: cent. Ditto Account Ditto, 5 per cent leTi 2 I Ditto Account PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE (PCLOCIt. Paid. Per Share. • Anglo Mexican Mining Company (iss. at 5/. pin.) 100 8 ~', 9 Pnlberou Consols Mining Company Yterlynoor ConFolidated Mining Company 2 6 Real del Monte Mining Co.. Registered 11/. 105.111. Ditto Unregistered 354 MAILS. ------. Arrived. D ue . Arrived. Due 0 Ameriefs 0 0 France 1 0 Illazi: • 0 Guern. &Jersey 0 a lfuetins.Ayres 0 0 Hamburg e '0 Cartlinens 0 ‘ 0 Hoilatid 1 Dublin 0 1 0 Jamaica 0 Flanders HIGH WATER AT LONDON FRIDGE, Morning 2 minutes niter fl. ! Evening Arrived. Due. 0 Lisbon :41alta 0 Mexico 0 Ostend 0 0 Sweden.. 2 1 IVaterford... TO-MORROW. ..56 minutes after 0 THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING will be presented THE HYPOCRITE. Doctor Cantwell, Mr. W. Farren ; Maw-worm, Mr. Harley; Colonel Lambert, Mr. Cooper. Old Lady Lambert, Mrs. Glover; Charlotte, Miss E Tree. After which the New Farce, called TAM O'Sll A NTER. Tam o' Shanter, Mr. W. Farrell ; Souter Johnny, Mr. Ayliffe ; David, Mr. Webster; Roderick Allan, Mr. Brindal. Dame o' Shanter, :Mrs. Broad; :Maggie, Mrs. Fitzwilliam ; Jeannie Visa Murray. To conclude with the New Grand Chivalric Entertainment, called XING ARTHUR and the KNIGHTS ot the ROUND TABLE. In which Mr. Ducrow's magnificent Stud of Horses will be introduced• Arthur, Mr. Diddear ; Sir Boland, Mr. T. P. Cooke; John Galadin, Mr. Harley ; Gybe Dagonet, Mr. Webster ; Gabriel, Mr. Bedford, Gyneth, Miss Clifton; Morgana La Fey; Mrs. Vining; Dorothy Stump, Mrs. Humby. THEATRE ROYAL, CQVENT.GARDEN. THE, perfortnesl the Drama of SQ.KNAMBULA. Count Rhodolpho. Mr. `2,eguin ; Elvino, Mr. Templeton; Alessi°, Mr. Webster; Pedro, Mr. Ayliffe. Arnima, Miss E. Romer ; Liza, Miss Betts. After which (arst time), a New Eccentric Drama, founded on an ancient Italian mystery, called DEATH AND THE DOCTOR. Count di Vi"enza, Mr. G. Bennett ; Gracchia, Mt. Blanchara ; CCs pinn, Mr. Bartley. Valentina, Miss Lee; Cami'l3, Mrs. Fitzwilliam ; Nina, Miss H. Cawae. ALARGE quantity of BREVIER, and other TYPE, very Suitable for a Country Newspaper, TO BE DISPOSED OF on Reasonable Terms. Address (post paid) to H. 8., 112, Strand, London. HAMBURG, Nov. 26, 1934 11 EINE BROTHERS, Contractors for the GREAT LOTTERY, published and drawn by authority and under guarantee of the Hamburg Government, beg to inform the public, that the 65th Lottery of 10,004) Tickets will be drawn on the 18th of March next ; and Tickets arg now selling at 108 marks banco, or Si. The prizes are lof 100,000, lof 50,000, lof 30,000, 1 of 20,000, 1 of 10,000, 2 of 5,000, 4 of 3,000, 7 of 2,000, 20 of 1,000, 40 of 500, and 1,500 of 108 marks, which 1,578 money prizes are altogether stated ;n marks banco, and payable without any deduction whatever ; 4,000 tickets being delivered gratis to the holders of the 2,000 first-drawn tickets, as per geiteme, those purchasing one ticket, at the trifling cost of 3/.,. may obtain three prizes, and thus, if fortune proves favourabl„ gain 180,000 marks banco, at the present exchange, equal, to 13,000/. sterling. Owing to the gratis-tickets, the nuTtt.r of tiekets on sale is a very limited one, so that, of coarse, they will be cleared off very rapidly, and a rise its price occur very soon. Those desirous to purchase at the present first prlct. of 8/., are requested to direct, by one of the first mails, but only for whole tickets, to the above-named Con tractor;, Hein. Brothers, in Hamburg. Those remitting a 101. note will receive an order for the balance of 21., together with the ticket, by return of mail; on the other hand, those preferring to pay Heine Brothers' draft for the cost, are recommended to pay Such draft immediately when presented. A full scheme, and every desirable information, being always sent with the ticicets, those giving orders will only have to write a line, ordering the ticket or tickets, adding the money, or an order for the sate, er stating the made of payment that may be more convenient to the orderer, and giving their full and plain directions, to secure the safe receipt of the communications. Those honouring Heine Brothers by pur chasing, may depend en the strictest secrecy, as t. their taking a .hauee er getting a price ; such being the undeviating rule of the old-established and most lucky Office. The publication of TRH SUN NEwarArza commenced this day it 3 minutes past 3 o'clock. , vi , , , „ ...V' ..- 4 2D - -,3k6 11.# 4. THE STRANGER IN AMERICA: Comprising Sketches of the Manners, Society, and National Peculiarities of the United States. By Francis Lieber, Editor of the " Encyclopcedia Americana." 2 Vols. London : Bentley, 1835. This is the work of an able intelligent German, who has " seen the world," and as far as we can judge from the volumes before us, agrees with Byron in reckoning it a sight very different from what books generally represent it. He has chosen to convey his opinions through the medium of " Letters," addressed to a friend in Europe ; and he has done so with much ease, fluency, and elegance. But, somehow or other, Germans, however eminent in other respects, are not the best writers for conveying a knowledge of a foreign country to such plain, matter-of-fact people, as the majority of the inhabitants of Great Britain. The author before us is no exception to this general rule. He is lively, humorous, and satirical ; his descriptions are forcible and vivid ; his great reading, and con stant habits of close observation, render his illus trations particularly striking and to the purpose,— but these advantages are counterbalanced by want of conciseness in detail, and the absence of individuality, if we may be allowed so to express ourselves, in the classification of objects. He writes in generals, and after the usual fashion of German authors, is too subtle and metaphysical for the ordinary English readers of travels. There is, moreover, too much of self in these volumes ; we have the author everywhere thrusting himself between us and every object on which we wish to fix our attention. In one part of them he takes leave of America altogether, and gives us a tolerably long account of his early life and adventures, which though striking, come too unexpectedly upon us to be relished, as otherwise they deserve to be. What pleases us most in these volumes is the fine, healthy, cheerful, and liberal tone which runs through them ; and the animated love of freedom which displays itself on every page. The author is a most ardent admirer of the People, the Government, and the Institutions of the United States. He found nothing offensive in the conduct of the servants, or the manners of the ladies, if we may except an over fond ness to be present at the debates in the Legislative Assemblies, to the exclusion of male visitors, who are not allowed to occupy seats, while any portion of the ladies are unprovided for. His observations on this custom are ingenious, and we entirely concur in their correctness. If the reading public prefer an amusing book on America, filled with curious anec dotes, philosphical observations, and snatches of auto biography, equal in excitement to any tale of fiction— to the perusal of works, rich only in statistical know • ledge, we recommend these volumes in preference to all that have been published for some vear.' But if in' formation, given in detail—if statistical inter:. li g ence 110 lit—it will not be fou n d in the " Stranger . America." The author is most valuable where he deals ! song on l with general principles, or calls the attention of ht i s readers to the benefits derived from improvements .l the Arts and Sciences. The following passage on the impetus given to civilization by the help of steam an d steam-boats, will explain our meaning :- 4. much has been said about steamboats, and very natural:,o so. They save time, and that, alone, is saying much. S te has become the handmaid of civilization. Steam has net en quickened the intercourse of men, but has united things vob ic i without it would have remained separate for ever. Steanif., do not hesitate to say, has cemented our Union. How woa d it have been possible for States, at such a distance from ea' other as Louisiana aed 'Maiae, Missouri and Delaware, to re main firmly united, had these distances continued to sig nify what they formerly did, had its short, a mile renteined a m ile They tumid have pulled one this way, the other that WO what interested, moved, or disturbed the one might not bair.ea affected the others; the conductors of the p o litical 9°l o would have been wanting, and the parts would na t ur ally' ll° been shivered asunder. It was by roads as much as the Wee which used them that the Roman empire was kept togethe r f°r a time. " When I was in Buffalo, I saw a steam-boat, and eked the Captain where he was going. To Chicago,' was the a il : swer. How far is that ? ' Eleven hundred miles by w ater , o he replied. Half the way across the Atlantic And this h said in a tone in which a waterman on the Thames would an; swer, by "ro Greenwich, Sir.' People go to and fro betwet Chicago and Buffalo. There are steam-boats for greater ch!; tances yet. But I probably shall touch upon the d is tances', the United States again, and give you some more /Tre e " upon the subject. Let me only add here, that, in my opine 5. tlte history of civilization runs parallel with the history of C Ol : mumcation, both physical and intellectual, as roads, can printing-presses, newspapers." The following observations on the natural diSpnsi. tion of the Americans, as shown in their fondne ss for effecting improvements, are deserving of attention. They explain the causes of the wonderful improve' ments which are daily being effected by our Tran s. Atlantic brethren : " An American cannot make a piece of machinery, Mt precisely the same ; he endeavours always to improve, 9°1 % times merely to change. How b e n e fi c i a l an i n fl uenc e this" l " position must, on the whole, exert on a ll mec h an i ca l and 0 1; terial affairs, you can easily imagine; it has a different ere upon those subjects which lie beyond the sphere of the 11 : e r material world. Often suffi c i en t ti me f or necessar y delft% ment is not allowed to an institution ; its roots have bile begun to spread, when changes a re b egun . Thi s i s owirig, B o to peculiar situation of A mer i cans i n a new coun t r y, °i f f: can ; continually for the application of new forces, and nip leads then; to look upon c h anges an d nove l t i es i n a totall y ferent light free: that in which th e y wou ld a pp ear t o the il l 0 1 bitants of an old Ein.:Tean state. But, as to the improvei e of the material world, the beneficial influence of this dig 0 sition cannot be doubted, especially as the Americans er e p great hands for division of mechanical labour as they al 19 ' uniting the different branches of mental labour. A foe '1%4 ago, I found out at my bookbinder's that the gilding marbling of books, is done by men who do nothing else,',,' not by the bookbinder himself. The same is done in t i,e land ; I never heard of it on the continent. So c10., 0 0 butchers occupy themselves with killing but one and the 11- 00/ species of animals. Pork-butchers I have found in Sa ra countries entirely separated from the others, but here we ' t he veal, mutton, beef, and pork-butchers,--each separate frorebe other. A farmer rarely sends his own wheat to the mill W oo ground for his domestic use ; he sells all his produce to 051 miller, and buys for his own family whenever he finds it nests convenient. This is at least the case in all parts of the vibe growing States, where large mills exist, and a consider' trade in flour is carried on." SHIPPING-(THIS DAY). (FROM LLOYD'S.) f t Y DEAL, Fait. V.—Wind N. W., fresh breezes.—ArrO e St , Falcon, Price, from I.;:ncrara; Iris, Shaw, from Belfast ;or Ann, Thomas, from Cork ; Thomas, Rasser, from L °o derry. The John Begg, Turner, from London for Live r t e d lost an anchor, off the North Foreland, and has been supP j Arrived from the River and sailed, the Menai, Sharp, for Ro bon ; Trougi,ton, Thompson, for Canton ; Wm. Bryail L 4o man, for Sdney ; Jane, Daze, for Demerara; M a 7; - !; Brown, Athersden, for Cork ' • Heros, Fallanti, for C3' for Launceston, Faulkner, for Plymouth ; Achilles, Indirey,/ Constantinople ; and Vegiesack, Balleher, for Cardiff. . - outward bound remain. GRENADA. JAN. 6.—The James Holmes, Morris, I to too t merara to Dublin, will, it is expected, be able to procee d 5 , 6 i the end of the month. Part of the cargo has been dischli f _,o t i and from 60 to 70 hogshem's of sugar are more or less datolopi FALMOUTH, FEB. 6.—Wind N.W. to W. .N W., 51 f r o 0, gales, with violent squalls.—Arrived the Lyra packet , the Leeward !siands—sailed from St. Thomas's 11th 1 11 ,t' fr o0 DOVER, FEB. S.—Arrived off port the Neva, Minket , Charleston. ire ° Fray, Fan. B.—Arrived the John Black, M'Kenzie, Leghorn. LIVERPOOL, FEB. B. Arrived the Columbia, Alesal ide6 o o from Charleston ; Abbotsford, Nagler, from St. Antll-0, New Brunswick ; and Royal Mail, Robertson, from Lag u sr RAMSGATE, FEB. 9.—Arrived off port the Peter an d becca, Read, from Waterford. fr‘ i BRISTOL, FEB. 9.—Arrived the Hiram, Good , . Gibraltar. s,Orid el WATERFORD, FEB. 7.—Arrived the James Lemon, A' from St. John's, New Brunswick. tY The Hibernia, Baynes, from Liverpool to Neirs, ran Reef off South Sandy Island, on the 18th of Dec., and !NW cargo partially damaged. ,d, f tdregilf, The Seven - Brothers, Greenwooo, from St. Andre►. Brunswick, was on shore on the South Point, Barbadoo the 18th of Dec.—crew saved. 0 41 ion fa POST-OFFICE NOTICE.—His Majesty's brig Scorpio. ~r fo i Lisbon mail for this day, the 10th—letters in time to-li w evening, the llth. THE MARKETS-(THIS DAB)' HAY MARKETS.—(At per Load of 36 Trusses-) 1 CUMBERLAND. +I Coarso heavy Lowland Meadow flay £4 0 t° °, I Yew Meadow Hay Useful Old Ditto 4 10 rine Upland Meadow and Rye grass Hay Clover Hay .. . Oat Straw. 4.1 12 to XI i 4 I Wheat Straw 1 16 I SMITHFIELD . Ol Coarse heavy Lowland Meadow Hay £3 15 t ° it! Naw Meadow flay Useful Old oitto 4lO / , Fine Upland Me..dow and Rye-grass Hay Clover Hay extra fine 4.5 10 Generally .., ~.... 4 5 ' Oat Straw ::1 8 V.) £ 1 101 Wheat Straw ll2 1 HUNGERFORD. Coarse Meadow Hay £4 o t ° 0 11 New Meadow Hay 0 0 I I Useful Old Ditto Fine Upland Meadow and Rye grass Hay Clover Hay 4lO • ' Oat Straw .E 1 10 to .f 1 11: I Wheat Straw COLONIAL MARKETS.—(THIS DA Y ;) t 0 ':, BRITISH PLANTATION SUGAR.—The market is heavy a t decline of ls. per cwt. The deliveries for home use are egsr, those at the same month of last year. The stock is no o ut' hhds. above that of last year at this time. Sugars are 11 " - li i per cwt. higher than a t thi s p er i o d o f l as t y ear . EAST INDIA SUGAR S .—The sa l es ar e no t extensitellf V Stock is 38,000 bags less than at this time last year, Ch' Beals. MAURITIUS SUGARS. —Fine yellow strong Sugars are in de ro is 6 for refining at 565. 6d. •t o 58 s . 6d. pe r cw t. The deliv e , week was small, only 13,700 bags against 25,000 bags in the of January of 1834. I SA FOREIGN SUGARS.—The stock of Havannah and Brasi l is less than at this time of last year. REPINED SUGARS.—The business is limited. bs' 6 4 ' COPPEE.—Prices are hea v y ; l ow mid. Jamaicas are at op ,$ to 102 s. - of Demerara from 925. to 995. ; and of Dominica f 0 to 995. Gd. per cwt. Th e s t oc k s o f B r iti s h Pl an t a tion and 01 Coffees are larger tha n a t thi s t i me l as t y ear . _ A Pr 0 TEA.—There are severa l pu bli c sa l es o f T ea announec",. O' f 'i week, and busine ss is s l ac k. G reens are st ill quote d fro ,p'4l 4d. per lb. high er t h an o b ta i ne d at t h e E ast I n di a C o u" i last sale. is, Q Rum.—Proof L eew ards are a shade higher. The stoc k 15,300 puns. and 2,230 hhds. against 18,824 puns. and It a the same time last year. In SPICES and COCOA there is little alteration. CorroN.—The demand is rather more steady. TALLow.—The market is rather higher, at 375. per of t 1 01 THE TEA TRADE, Monday.—The clearanCelivede week were again considerable. Of Bohea the 4 101 amounted to 545 quarter-che s ts, 53 half-chests, and l' o tilv t , chests, which, wi.h th e d e li very o f ot h er qualitioh slie r total of 459,0e01b. The sales of teas which have beep e !. eit tised are looked for with interest. A profit of 2d. t 9 _A pound on the E a st I n di a C om p an y' s l as t sa l e i s s till re s o o l, Dr. Farm, in his evidence before the Parliai l l e 4'; Committee on drunkenness, states that he asked t`t v e prietor of a large gin-shop if he was cruel enough to P 1 er customers proof spirits—that is, spirits containing e519 $ 11•,1 1 of alcohol a n d wa t er . Th e sp i r i t - se ll er replied, ivolP„r poor things ! we s h ou ld b urn th e i r i ns id es ou t ; If e b be f, 4 71 comfortable f o r thew." Thus, says Dr. Farre, even * d i! A O" licans show a mercy, perha s a fraudulent mercy, ju co ll,,) the liquor, thus rendering it less d e structi v e. " I re ,,abV, says he, " another gin-shop where I questioned thehcrey on the same point, and he told me that the Howe; tl lt i , was only reconciled to the point on his assuring 13 1, /v ocal he , was little better than strong grog."—T e mp e rance "I - 00 ,;,, SHOCKING ACClDENT.—Yesterday after w oe, tween two and three o'clock, as Jane Atkins, a ydo li ger,t i e l servant in the family of Handasyde, Esq., of uPrg of tict icy -street, Marylebone, was standing on a pair of st e r,ce, ,i 0 ins the staircase-window on the first floor landing - 4015 foot slipped, and having let go her hold with her . the of fell backwards over the banisters, do w n the well ef,re vhf '0 case, on to a paved floor on the basement story. 01 03 110/ tunate young woman sustained very dreadful injury) r0 je51 3 6 falling, struck the right side of her head against a P rt 0 00 4 portion of the staircase with such violence, that Ply b 4, skull, about the size of a cro wn -pi ec e, w as comPle te 0 in upon the brain ; both her ancles were also broken' not expected to survive. This Were b: George Boater, of fortu borrow The- pi, 3 , ,t a001 , s , . tkeY, Bc 4nnuity. Boater, liawkin txcf hadTnhiipstjeci plaintiff i a gents to Peneibl e betwee n alleg e d t rants. 1 cretary-ai t he purpc Informal< d,efendar', toe arLeo; clearly 51 against, tl t hose doe ,er nurrer, time sine, Th e L, ruling the itlth o Z gh Vallta gec the dern'. Demer south At t hough r 4th of ji notic e : " His] Stnith, h. f or th e ulto w h it I %Yal G, : 1 0 1 r e : p i n l e . t a e c ii r e c ails throe n 4 a t 411t°01:11tecsihtYt2or t e y s t. coa saond 1 4 11 industi " Guiana, After v Columns. The Di `9g-stre e t ~, Bwe ry, h t 4 be obsc We ha , tiatavia, Which sail has done but not ru barro w es at Buckvi kites fron beneath ii The C, part of th n oon► and opened tl 3 9 40 ; UP to specting precious t The fo ket this n eulating i sent state floating c S criP, 3i There absenc e 0. The Cf state it ap Consols 92 to n a amore rvl Exch ec 258 259 ; The Fc Pri ces. 8 Y the sCled en from all t Th e bi Prevents At St. to tak e of out any w Cellist