The Sun. — London, England, 1865-10-07 00:00:00

(From the Times' Correspondent.) BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, Sept. 22. New England, just at the present moment, is not a very pleasant place for a Conservative American of the Middle States to visit. I mean unpleasant politically, for socially the people are quite as kind and courteous as can be found in any other section of America. But the great commercial prosperity of the New England States, the immense wealth acquired during the war, the successful conquest of the South, due mainly to the pertinacity of New England Radicals, who stuck to the contest un flinchingly when New York and Pennsylvania would have given it up, and the pushing, driving spirit of all the people, unite just now in making them as cross grained and untractable a set of poli ticians as ever ruled or ruined a country. The leaders • of this section will have their own way, and that you may depend is a very hard and unmerciful way for the South. Among us Americans Boston is known as the " hub" of the universe," and the say ings and doings at the " hub" are the keynotes for every Radical meeting in the land. It would not be telling the entire truth to say that Boston is trying to rule the country just now merely upon the great political questions involved in the recon struction of the South, for although her voice upon those points is the exponent of New England sen timent, yet the more conciliatory feeling of other parts of the country overrules it, and, in spite of the thunder hurled at him from the East, Andrew Johnson is firmly kept to his mild course of recon struction by the greater power of the Middle States. New England's efforts to change the poli tical course of the country are far less successful than her efforts to accomplish other ends. Boston rules the trade of the country, its finances, its lite rature, the education of its people. I say Boston, for no Yankee ever thinks of any other place when perfection is mentioned, and the six small, though powerful, States surrounding her always bow submissive to the will of Boston. Her manufacturers keep the high tariff because it gives them huge profits ; they prevent Congress from constructing a ship canal between the Mississippi and the Lakes because grain might go to Europe in too great quantities through the cheap channels it would open, and alter that peculiar state of trade which at present leaves the New England cotton and woollen mills without competitors; they have broken the Canadian Reciprocity Treaty because it inter fered with their sale of manufactured goods. Through the Atlantic Monthly Magazine, and the writings of the professional poets and orators and story-tellers who congregate in Boston, and from there send column after column of New England ideas to every popular journal in America, a Yankee stamp is impressed upon all our literature; and you may depend upon it the slant thus given is of that peculiar kind which inculcates the disfranchisement of white men in the South and the absolute equality of the negro. Such sentiments fill our school books, and are taught universally in the schools throughout all parts of the United States, for nine-tenths of the books and teachers come from New England. If in direct political influence upon the President and his policy the harsh and unforgiving spirit of Boston and its neighbourhood are overborne by other sec tions of the country, she has her way in everything else; and if by her skill and economy she brings the greatest possible prosperity to all her people, she can well afford to leave mere politics to the President. Yet she does not leave politics to him, but tries hard to force him to her way of thinking, and brings such strong influences to bear that the adoption of a Radical policy towards the South, and more espe cially of the negro suffrage, is not so near an impos sibility as many would imagine. The fanatical ideas of the New England Radicals are all due to a set of sentimentalists, whose reasoning, whether it be upon religion or politics or morals, will al ways go to extremes. Yet the people, without thinking for themselves, seize these ideas and endeavour to carry them out. The great influence of business and other connexions gives New England Radicalism a wide spread through the country. Her manufacturers control every other manufacturer in America; her newspapers and writings are spread all over the country ; her capital is invested iu internal improvements, even in the remotest States ; her people emigrate everywhere, and all these influences acting and re-acting are enormous. They have the greatest effect in Western States, which are so gene rally settled by people of New England, and in all those States we find strong Radical parties. New England thus controls the majority of both branches of Congress, and were that body convened to-day and put to the test negro suffrage would be enacted, and the President's Southern policy changed to one far more harsh. Wendell Phillips is, perhaps, the most extreme man in this section, for he will not consent to modify any of his views to secure a pre sent success or to elect a ticket. He even goes so far as to advocate the repudiation of the Federal debt. Though Phillips is, no doubt, the most able man, Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson, the two Massa chusetts senators, are the political leaders of New England ; both quick, active men, and, though narrow-minded, extremely popular in all sections where Radicals hold sway. Both are now demand ing of the President a change of his Southern policy, and threaten him with impeachment if he is refractory, and their threats are echoed by all their constituents. Sumner threatens by speeches made in Boston ; but Wilson goes to the President's own audience chamber and demands negro suffrage and the political disfranchisement of every Southern State. Wilson is willing to have a general amnesty issued for all the Confederates, if by that he can purchase the privilege of voting for negroes. He boldly tells the President that if ho does not submit, the Radical majority in Congress will compel him, and not only exactnegro suffrage, but prevent every member of Congress elected from the Southern States from taking their seats. Sum ner wishes every Southern State remanded for 30 years into the condition of a political province with out the right of choosing its own civil officers, and after that time promises the States admission to the Union, if they are sufficiently penitent, and will advocate New England ideas. These views are received by the people with great applause, and every indication that they will command a hearty support. The persistency of the New Englanders iu worrying and teasing until they get what they want is well known, and for months past they have kept a constant stream of fanatical advocates con tinually going into the White House and buzzing in the President's ea rs . 0 Were President Johnson alone in the Govern ment, and had he the supreme power, he would very quickly order things his own way and send the Radicals about their business, but he is afraid of Congress. It can overrule him, and, besides this, although a majority of the peopl e now support him, he has no security that the blandishments of the Radicals will not at some time cause the Conserva tive Republicans who acted with them duri ng g the war to desert him and place him in a minority. It can plainly be seen that his hands are tied, and though he is firm in his views on the reconstruction question, and in eve r ythi ng h e orders at the S ou th adopts the Co nservative policy, he will do nothing that may exasperate the Conservative Republicans. tu rn lie will not hastily out Radicals who are in his Cabinet, for Republicans of all classes trusted them during the war, an d , perhaps, do so still, and might avenge an injury against them, Ile will not dismiss Generals who are unemploy e d , for they are pets in some quarters, and, of course, have influence. He carefully refrains from any public expression of opinion against negro suffrage; and though he will do nothing in furtherance of Radical views, he does ve ry little against them. Ile gradually feels his w ay, and you may depend upon it will not show his haul in opposition to the Radical until the South is strong e nough to unite with the Democr a t s o f the North, and carry hiin through in spite of all oppo sition. In this way the New Englanders, although they do not directly control political affairs, have enough influence to retard the progress of recon struci ion ; and though the restoration of the South in its ow , - - 11 way and by its own people must ulti mately coma, the efforts of New England will make it far more remote than it otherwise would be. Scarcely any new political developments have been made durin g the past week, but the Dew:racy seem to be gradually losing heart except in the State of New York. There they anticipate success in the November election, for the Republican State Con vention, although it has met and nominated soldiers for the principal offices, cannot overcome the great popularity of General Slocum, who leads the Demo cratic ticket. The platform adopted by the New York Republicans is the stereotyped one—opposing slavery, giving President Johnson a cold endorse ment of part of his policy, and passing by the rest in silence ; advocating a slow reconstruction, to find out whether the Southern people are sincere in their I love for the Union ; and saying nothing upon negro suffrage. The Democracy ought to be successful in New York, for they have stolen a march upon their enemies, and nominated the very candidate the Re publicans would have taken ; but in other States there is such great apathy in the contest that the party leaders fear renewed Democratic defeats. But very little interest is taken in the Pennsylvania and other elections. The interest becomes less every day, and as both parties in the middle States support John son there is really nothing for them to fight about. In Wisconsin the Radicals, who were converted in their recent State Convention, have called a Convention on their own account to endorse the Radical policy and fight the President at all points. It meets at Jamesville on Sept. 27, and three parties may after wards be expected to contest the field in Wisconsin. The campaign will not be very lively, however, for politics are not brisk in any quarter. During the autumn the Fenian question, in Ame rica as well as in England, will attract great atten tion. It has already been made a subject of diplo matic communication between Sir Frederic Bruce and Secretary Seward, and the latter has been asked for an explanation of the various Fenian movements in all parts of the country. This has led to an in vestigation of the subject, and the leading Fenians say their organisation in America numbers 221,000 men, who are pledged to move whenever required to assist in the liberation of Ireland. It is also said that about 50 Irish officers from the Army of the Potomac have gone to Ireland, and are drilling the people, and others intend to follow. A tax of $2O per man has been levied in the United States, and is nearly paid up, and will produce $4,500,000. It is also said that 8 per cent. bonds of the " Irish Republic" are in course of manufacture, and will soon be put upon the market to raise funds for the cause, but who is to pay the interest or what security there is for the principal, is not stated. Yet, not withstanding the excitement these people raise— for by taking advantage of the great love America has for abusing England, the Fenians have enlisted many newspapers in their cause— Americans generally do not regard the move ment in this country as of any account. The Fenians are principally of the lower orders, illite rate, and quite poor. The tax of $2O must have imposed a difficult task upon the great majority of them, for their purses are never heavy. They are all Irishmen (no Americans being in the order), and having all immigrated from Ireland, although they love the old country well enough to make a great lament about her real or fancied wrongs, they do not loveher so well as to return on any crusade, the suc cess of which in the best case will be very question able. They are too poor to fit out any expedition to aid Ireland, or to buy any great quantity of mili tary stores to send there. Unless clandestinely, they cannot go themselves or send aid, for the Ame rican Government would not permit it. To send any large force of men or large quantity of stores clan destinely to Ireland will be out of the question, for if they escape the vigilance of American officers they will not escape English cruisers. The Fenians in America are too great blusterers to mean anything very serious. They are a standing joke among our people ; and being permitted to rant as they please they do nothing that is more serious. I think I can safely say that although there are over 200,000 Fenians in America, and they make a great show of raising money, and are loud in their expressions of sympathy with their Irish brethren, they would give very little material aid either of men or means to any revolutionary movement in Ireland. The diffi culties in the way are too great, and, were there no difficulties, the character of the movement in Ame rica, is too fickle, and the men engaged in it too weak, to accomplish anything. The indications thicken that the President con templates a general amnesty, for of late he has par doned many Confederates, who, though not of very high rank, were quite obnoxious to the North. He has positively refused to prevent Wade Hampton's holding a seat in the South Carolina Reconstruction Convention, although many demands have been made that he should make an example in Hamp ton's case, and thus disfranchise all delegates to Southern Conventions who have not yet been par doned. It is said that he will release Alexander H. Stephens at an early day, and allow him to return to his home in Georgia, on parole. John Mitchell, C. C. Clay, and Stephen R. Mallory, and Judge Campbell, the former at Fortress Monroe, and the latter at Fort Pulaski on the Savannah river, will soon be paroled. The President now has 15,000 applications before him, and says he will act upon them at once, giving to their consideration all his time not occupied with the affairs of the Govern ment. General Lee will be formally inaugurated Presi dent of Washington College, Virginia, in October next, and the ceremonies will be attended by many distinguished men from all parts of the country. General Joseph E. Johnston, having failed to get the presidency of the Richmond and Danville rail road in Virginia, is now seeking a place on one of the Alabama roads. It is presumed that the evidence for the Govern ment against Captain Wirtz, of the Andersonville prison, will close to-morrow (September 23), and that on September 25 the testimony for the defence will begin. There is no doubt that Wirtz will be found guilty and sentenced to be shot or hanged. The feeling of the country is very strong against him. He may not live, however, until the execu- tion of the sentence, for he is now very low, and when in court has to lie on a sofa and receive medi- cal attendance. The work of reconstruction is satisfactorily pro gressing, and although the Radicals are quite restive at the gradual marches the South is making towards its own government, there has been no interference with the matter in any State. The contrary is evi dent in many cases, for several orders have been issued by military officers, at the President's request ; forbidding military interference with civil affairs. The Generals in the South now have a tight rein kept upon them, and are not allowed to do as they please. In North Carolina delegates to the State Convention were chosen on Sept. 21, and before the election an order was issued from the military head quarters forbidding soldiers from visiting the polls or interfering in any way. The delegates chosen, as far as known, are all Southern Rights men, but no doubt will reconstruct the State without any conflict with the Government. They meet in con vention at Raleigh on Oct. 2. In Alabama and South Carolina the conventions are following the path marked out in Mississippi. In both States slavery is abolished, and the ordinance of secession repealed ; and in South Carolina a law has been passed providing that Presidential electors and State officers shall be chosen directly by the people. Heretofore they were elected by the State Legisla ture. In the Al a b ama convent i on a pet i tion has been signed requesting the President to proclaim a general amnesty, and to pardon Jefferson Davis. The South Carolina convention has also petitioned for Mr. Davis's pardon, and similar memorials will be forwarded from every Southern convention, as an indication of the unanimous wish of the Southern people. In Alabama, a militia system similar to that in Mississippi has been organised, and the military officers have been instructed to keep their hands of. The Alabama election for Governor and other State officers will be held on Nov. G. There is but one restriction upon voting—that the voter shall have taken the P res id ent ' s amnesty oath, and in all the States thus far the refusal to permit negro suffrage has been unanimous. If President Johnson clings to his original intention toallow the Southern States to decide the question of black voting for them selves, the Radicals will be completely thwarted, for nowhere in the South has it a ghost of a chance. In Louisiana Governor Wells announced that he has received his commission as provisional THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 7, lEEE. Governor, and will soon call a Reconstruction Con vention. He hopes to have the State thoroughly reorganised before the meeting of Congress in De ce tuber. There are still some few difficulties in the re-orga risation of the South, but judicious management will no doubt prevent any bad consequences arising from them. A few days ago a party of soldiers were sent out from a camp near Gaylesville, Alabama, to capture some cattle that had strayed. For some reason as yet unknown the detachment got into conflict with a sheriff, who summoned his posse. In the maie a soldier was killed, when all the citizens but the sheriff were captured and taken prisoners to Gaylesville. The sheriff ran away and has not since been found. [he affair has led to a consultation between the Governor and military Commander of the State, and efforts will be made to prevent such troubles in future. There have been some conflicts between the military and civil authorities near Mobile, and a force of cavalry has been sent to strengthen the soldiers. Delicate management throughout the South will be neces sary to prevent continual bickerings. In Missis sippi Governor Sharkey's militia refuse to be mus tered into service under any other than the State flag, and if the United States flag be placed in the ranks they will refuse to serve under it. No at tempt has yet been made, however, to thrust the Federal flag upon them, but it will ultimately be done, for the Government will certainly not per mit so gross an insult to itself as having its own militia refuse to follow its standard. In Arkansas the people are very loth to give up their slaves, and the authorities have great trouble in establishing emancipation and enforcing the rule of the Freed men's Bureau requiring the planters to make con tracts with their former slaves. In one case a planter at Camden, Arkansas, was sentta circular de fining his duties towards his negroes, and he at once sent it back to the agent of the Freedmen's Bureau by one of his slaves with the following re ply The bearer of this circular I consider my property, hav ing seen no enactment of the Federal Congress or of our State Government authorising any one to demand him of me. When lam perfectly satisfied that the slaves are eman cipated by such authority as is regarded as Constitutional by our higher court of law and equity, then, and not until then, will I make any contract with slaves, or regard them in any other light than the property of those who purchased or raised them; and I am therefore the owner of the boy who bears this note. The consequence of this free expression of opinion was that the planter was seized, taken before the Freedmen's Bureau, and fined $5O. The confiscation question being very important any expression of opinion upon it by those in autho rity or any new fact developed is of interest. A letter has recently been addressed to Governor Sharkey, in Mississippi, about the confiscation of lands there for State taxes, to which he replied as follows : I do not think any lands have been confiscated during the rebellion, or, if they have, I should not regard any such act as changing title. It may be that some lands have been sold for State taxes, but in such cases ample opportunity, I think, will be given for redemption. The rule adopted of showing more favour to the negroes in the Southern States than to the whites does not appear to hold good in Texas, for the mili tary authorities require all negroes to obtain cer tificates from their employers showing that they earn an honest living. If they cannot do this, they are captured and forced to work for the different city corporations in order to pay for what they eat. The prejudice against the negro is gradually telling in the army, for the Government has found that the troubles between the white and black soldiers can only be prevented by dismissing the negroes. Not only organisations enlisted in the North, but those enlisted in the South are being broken up, and the men dismissed, and already over 30,000 tegro sol diers have been quietly mustered out of service. The negro statistics of the army are interesting. Since the beginning of the war 180,000 have been enlisted, of whom over 50,000 died during the war of sickness or wounds. Fully 60,000 of those re maining have been and are being mustered out, and barely 70,000 will remain in service on Nov. 1. The Missouri Test Oath still causes greattrouble, and the first legal blow has been struck at it by Judge King, of one of the circuit courtsof the State, who, in an able opinion just delivered, declares it unconstitutional. But two efforts have been made to enforce the oath-taking, and they were at places where the military authority was strong, and in both cases were against Roman Catholic priests. Father Cronin, at Hannibal, and Father Millen, at Jefferson City, the State capital, were arrested for preaching without having taken the oath, brought before justices of the peace in the respective coun ties, and held to bail to appear in court. Their con gregations followed them en masse to the justices' offices, each man anxious to sign the bail bonds, and since their release on bail both priests have held re ligious services. The best counsel in the Statehave been procured to defend them, and money flowslike water to pay for everything necessary to strike down the oath. Excepting in these two cases, nothing has been done to enforce the hated test, and the Governor still says he will be powerless toresist the clergy until the Legislature meets and grants him additional authority. The Government is gradually concluding treaties of peace with all the Indian tribes in the south-west, and there will be no further disturbance in that quarter. On the western and the north-western borders, however, the troops have their hands full, and fight bloody battles with the savages almost every day, though they are gradually pushing the Indians to the wall. This was their last and greatest effort against the whites, and as the wheel of for- • tune slowly turns against them they fight the more desperately. They are doomed, however, and though the conflict will be a long one, and the ap proaching winter will help them by paralysing mili- tart' operations, they must ultimately be defeated. On Sept. 20 the monument to Thomas Wildey, the founder of Odd Fellowship in the United States, was dedicated in Baltimore. The Grand Lodge of the United States in session there contained dele- gates from the Southern States, and everything was . _ done that could through the medium of Odd Fellow ship harmonise the two sections of the Union. The Freemasons contemplate a general convention for similar purposes, and one no doubt will he held a art early day. Charity should always aid in restor ing the blessings of peace. The delegation of English capitalists arrived at Niagara Falls to-day, and to-night will have a ban- quet given them at the International Hotel. The Falls will be illuminated by calcium lights, and, no doubt, will present a magnificent appearance. To- morrow (Sept. 23) the delegation will go to Buffalo New York, the western terminus of the Erie Canal, and the New York Central Railroad. Jeremiah Townsend, who was arrested in Liver pool for absconding with $lOO,OOO of the money of the Townsend Savings-bank at New Haven, Con- necticut, was placed on trial at New Haven on the 19th of September. The proceedings were brief, for he pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to seven years' solitary confinement with hard labour in the State prison. The trial of Captain Anderson, of the emigrant shipVillafranca, at New York, for the bad treatment of his passengers, developer some horrid brutalities. The testimony shows Anderson to have been an unfeeling and heartless man, to whom distress and starvation were excellent sport. The provisions given to the passengers were scanty and intolerably bad, and they had not enough water given them to _ _ quench their thirst, while 11 cattle on board had as much as they could drink. The details of the testi- mony are shocking. The women and children im- plored him for food and drink, but he cursed them, and said he cared nothing for their sufferings, and threatened to throw them overboard if they con tinued their complaints. It is altogether a terrible story of brutality, and Anderson certainly deserves punishment. President Juarez, of the Mexican Liberals, in order to strengthen his sinking cause, has written a letter to a friend from El Paso, on the Rio Grande, in which he says : " Our enemies will probably announce the dissolution of the Mexican Government, but you and our friends should not credit such an imposition. I shall not leave the Mexi- can territory. I shall fulfil the duty of preserving the exist- ence of the only popular Power established by the will of my fellow citizens, and I do not despair of the success of our cause whoa I seo the Mexicans everywliore resistinz tho yoke of the invader and maintaining the struggle in all our States." Poor Juarez ! his cause his gone ; and he on the border of the Rio Grande is but awaiting some final stroke to send him an exile across to Texas. " The Mexicans everywhere resisting" are a few indepen dent guerilla bands, which think more of plunder than of (patriotism. The United States refused to aid the Liberals, and from that moment their cause waned ; and, although we may not like it, Maxi milian is the ruler of Mexico as much as any man can rule such a restless and rebellious people. Juarez will remain in " the Mexican territory" at El Paso, but from his castle he can see all his dominions. Naval and Military Intelligence. The Himalaya screw troopship, Capt. Thomas Bridgman Lethbridge, is hourly looked for at Spit head, from Canada, with Lord Monck and suite on board and other passengers, and a full complement of troops. The Fire Queen, steam yacht, Staff- Commander Paul, is ordered to be held in readiness in Portsmouth harbour, with fires banked up, to disembark Lord Monck from the Himalaya imme diately on the ship's arrival at Spithead. The Swedish corvette Gefle, Captain Kleman, weighed her anchor at Spithead yesterday, and steamed into Portsmouth harbour to complete coal ing, the wind showing an inclination to veer round south from the eastward, and raising a considerable swell, in consequence, through the anchorage at Spithead. The Fox, screw transport, Staff - Commander Moriarty (of Atlantic Telegraph fame), arrived at Portsmouth yesterday from the Channel ports. The Helicon, Commander Singer, and the Sala mis, Commander Suttie, paddle despatch vessels, of equal tonnage and horse-power of engines, are both held still in readiness in Portsmouth harbour to start on their competitive sea-trial trip. Nothing definitive is yet known respe c ti ng th e di s t ance to b e run by the two vessels, but it is rcportod th Ry Will only go round the Eddystone and back to Spithead in the first instance, whatever they may do after wards. The Helicon and Salamis are sister vessels in all respects, in both hull and engines, excepting that the former possesses Mr. E. J. Reid's much talked-of U-shaped fore body, while the Salamis possesses the forward lines designed for the two vessels previous to Mr. Reed's receiving the appoint ment as Chief Constructor of the Navy. The trial is exciting great interest. Her Majesty's ironclad screw steam corvette Pal las, partially rigged and in a forward state towards completion, was yesterday floated out of dock at Woolwich, and in consequence of her draught of water—viz., 21 ft. Bin. aft and 15ft. 6in. forward-- it was deemed unsafe to bring her up for the night at the moorings off Woolwich as formerly intended. She was consequently taken down to Greenhithe in tow of the steamtugs Monkey, Bustler, and Wid geon, to await the favourable tide to-day, which will serve at a sufficient depth at 3 p.m., when she will return to Woolwich, and will be hauled into the fitting-basin to complete her rigging and equip ment in preparing for sea. The re-adjustment of her screw propeller, with a view of increasing her rate of speed to 131 or 14 knots per hour, suggested conjointly by Mr. Humphreys and Mr. Reed, has been successfully carried out, with every prospect, it is stated, of a beneficial and effectual issue. She has been fitted wit' four of the most approved Downton pumps, su?plied by Messrs. J. Stone and Co., of Deptford. Under the experienced judgment and personal attendance of Captain Matthew Con nolly, appointed to the command, the cabins and internal and gunnery arrangements are diligently superintended. The port-beds and doors are served with a newly-contrived hinge, which works univer sally, on the cup and ball system, invented by Messrs. J. Stone aad Co., and is ordered to be adopted generally in the service. The hinges are of cast-iron, the cap being cast loosely, and without the possibility of giving way under ordinary usage. The Pallas will leave Woolwich, as at present arranged, on the 4th prox. for Sheerness, to receive her final equipment, preparatory to her departure to join the Channel fleet. The old sheer hulk Chatham was yesterday de spatched to the Victoria Docks, having been lent by the Board of Admiralty, at the request of the Turkish Ambassador in London, to assist, it is stated, in muting and rigging a Turkish yacht. The Basilisk, 6, paddlewheel sloop, 1,031 tons, 400 horse power, Captain W. M. Hewett, V.C., having had her boilers and engines 'thoroughly overhauled and repaired in Sheerness dockyard, after a long term of foreign service, was on Thursday taken to the measured mile, off Maplin Sands, in charge of Captain George G. Ran dolph, of the Shearness Steam Reserve, for the official trial of her (nines. Mr. Tucker, inspector of machinery afloat; Mr. Blaxland, chief engineer of Sheerness Dockyard ; and Mr. Townsend, fore man of the factory, were likewise present. The vessel, with all her weights and stores on board, made six runs on the measured mile, with the fol lowing results :—First run, 6min. 33secs. ; revolu tions of engines, 17-25 per minute ; speed due to time, 9160. Secoad run, 7min. 22se c . ; revolu tions of engines, 19 ; speed due t o ti me, 81 45. Third run, 6min. 2sec. ; revolutions of engines, 17.5 . ; speed due to time ; 9 . 944. Fourth run, 7min. 51sec. ; revolutions of engines, 19 ; speed due to time, 7.643. Fifth run, smin. 53sec. ; revolutions of engines, 17 ; speed due to time, 10.198. Sixth run, 7min. 58sec. ; revolutions of engines, 18.5 ; speed due to time, 7-531. The result gave a true mean speed of 8.879 knots per hour. The circle, the diameter of which was 356 yards, was turned at full power in smin. 53sec. ; at half power in 6min. 33sec. The draught of water forward was 16ft. gin. ; aft., 16ft. 11in., and the load on the safety valve 121 b. The engines worked in a very satisfactory maner, and the boilers generated a good supply of steam. The steam Launch, No. 13, 6-horse power, for was yesterday taken to the mea the Bellerophon, sured mile at Saltpan-reach, in the river Medway, under the charge of Capt. George G. Randolph, of the Sheerness Steam Reserve, for the official trial of her engines, which have been erected by Messrs. Penn and Son, of Greenwich. Six runs were made, giving a true mean speed of 6.888 knots per hour. The maximum number of re volutions of engines per minute was 301, and the mean 294. The draught of water was 2ft. 6in. forward, and 3ft. aft. The load on the safety-valve was 801 b., and the pressure of steam in the boiler 721 b. The launch is driven by a four-bladed pro peller, the diameter of which is 2ft. 6in., and the pitch 3ft. llin. The engines worked in the most satisfactory manner, and there were no hot bearings. The boilers generated a good supply of steam, and there was an entire absence of priming. His Prussian Majesty's frigate Niobe, 18, Capt. Batsch, from Kiel, arrived in Plymouth Sound, on Thursday afternoon, en route for the Cape Verd Islands. The screw steamsloop Greyhound, 17, proceeded outside the Plymouth breakwater on Thursday, for the purpose of testing her machinery, afterwards re turning to the Sound, where her compasses will be adjusted prior to leaving for the West Coast of Africa. The Alumbagh, Capt. Bulwer, with troops from Queenstown, belonging to Messrs. Gellatly, Hankey, and Sewell (Dunbar and Co.), arrived at Cape Town on Aug. 18, after a fair passage of 56 days. This ship would have made a quicker run out, but was retarded by a heavy south-easterly gale. The Alumbagh was ordered to proceed to East London to disembark the troops. The following appointments have been made at the Admiralty:—Lieut. F. W. Lowther to the Ed- gar, vice Scott; Lieut. H. Studdy to the Edgar, vice Lawson; Lieut. R. H. Bogie to the Bristol; C. R. T. Russell to the Bristol, for gunnery duties; Lieut. IL M. Carre to the Excellent, additional, for ser vice in the Royal Sovereign, vice Russell; Sub-Lieut. H. C. D. Ryder to the Bristol; Sub-Lieut. E. F. Keppel to the Edgar; H. K. Gregon, S. Johnston, C. Palmer, S. H. B. Davies, and E. B. Wallace, midshipmen, to the Bristol; C. E. Wood, midship man, to the Edgar; C. W. King, assist. -paymaster, to the Egmont; H. J. Gardner, assist. -paymaster, to the Narcissus; R. Oliver, assist. -paymaster, to the Revenge; H. 11. Mothersole, Jas. Ilird, IL W. White, and W. H. Wivil, engineers, additional, to trite Bristol; Wiiliaau 11. Sedgwick, engineer, addi tional, to the Daedalus ; John Lanksbury, engineer, additional, to the Royal George ; W. J. J. Spry, engineer, additional, to the Royal Adelaide ; T. W. Sanders, engineer, to the Duke of Welling ton ; F. C. Kelson, acting engineer, to the Donegal; W. Skelton, George Weight, John Etherington, and James Legate, first-class assist.-engineer, addi tional, to the Victory ; Horace H. Small, first-class assist.-engineer, additional to the Trafalgar; and Henry C. Stansmore, acting second-class assist.- engineer, to the Duke of Wellington ; Capt. M. S. Nolloth, to the Princess Charlotte, when recommis sioned at Hongkong, and for service, as Naval Officer in Charge of Naval, Victualling, and Medi cal Establishments at Hongkong ; Capt. Leveson E. H. Somerset to the Bristol ; Commander W. A. J. N. Brownlow, to be an Inspecting Commander in the Coastguard ; the Rev. John Wilson to be Chaplain to the Princess Charlotte, when recom missioned at Hongkong, as additional for service in Melville Hospital ; Alexander K. Woodrow, Regi nald B. Tulford, Walter L. Bignold, and Arthur G. Cuthbert, naval cadets, to the Bristol. National Association for the Promotion of Social Science. SHEFFIELD, Oct. 5. JURISPRUDENCE AND AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. This department, of which the president is Sir R. Philli more, Queen's Advocate, is divided into three sections, one of which deals with international, the second with muni cipal law, and the third with repression of crime. In Section A (International Law), Sir. R. PHILLIMORE presided, and a discussion on the special question whether it is desirable to establish an uniform international law of freight, and if so, on what principles, was carried on dur ing the sitting. • In Section B (Municipal Law), Lord BROUGHAM took the chair for a time. Mr. MOFFATT, M.P., the Chairman of the Select Com mittee on the Bankrupt Law, read a paper on that subject. Ho commenced with a refer.-- 4 - indif fersnoo of mw raormers to this branch of jurisprudence, so important to the prosperity and morality of the com mercial classes, whose transactions involved an amount of a million a day. The income of the country being taken at 4 hundred millions, the loss caused by insolvency amounted to an average of fifty millions. Under the present loose system creditors are at the mercy of insolvents, but at one time the fraudulent debtor, one who concealed his assets and goods, was liable to death. Taking a rapid sur vey of the statutes relating to bankrupts, beginning with 34th and 35th Henry the Eighth, he showed the penalties imposed in early times, all of them imposing the punishment of imprisonment, and some of them that of death on bank rupts convicted of fraud. He stated that the 6th George IV. was the foundation of the existing law ; it abolished the enactments relating to felony, and established the machinery of assignees, certificates, &c., and pointed out the technical changes made by the acts of parliament passed since then until the enrolment of the last statute, that of 1861, the operation of which he described as baying for its principle cessio bonarunt, which, however, had proved a dead letter ; and though fees had been diminished and procedure simplified the penalty of imprisonment had been rendered less operative, and on the whole the com mittees of bankrupts and insolvents had been increased, while monstrous frauds could be and were effected on cre ditors by means of the system of trust deeds. He con tended that the principle of the legislation of three cen turies had been radically wrong, and urged that it was most undesirable to mix up the penal and financial admi nistration of bankruptcy. In consonance with an opinion of Lord Westbury, he urged the continuance of the juris diction for the collecting and administering the assets of bankrupts, while the punishment for fraudulent conduct should be left to the ordinary criminal tribunals. Dealing with the system of bankrupt deeds, he showed that under deeds of assignment since 1862, the annual number had risen from 62 deeds, involving a sum of £1,013,000, to 3,060 deeds involving a sum of £13,483,000 in 1865 ; deeds of inspection had increased from 46, involv ing £190,000 in 1862, to 85 deeds, involving £5,306,000 in, 1865, while composition deeds amounted in 1865 to 1,210 involving a sum of £4,436,000; and dividends had in no case amounted to ss. in the pound, the very lowest amounts prevailing. Ho stated the plan of the committee of the House of Commons, which was that the realisation of bankrupts' estates should be placed in the hands of trustees, legally constituted, and responsible for the distribution of the assets. Imprisonment for debt to be abolished, while discharges of bankrupts should depend on their - payment of 6s. Bd. in the pound; or after a suspension of six years a now Court of Bankruptcy, with a chief judge, should b, established. He, however, stated that there was an opinion in commercial circles that there should be no law of bank ruptcy proper ; and he argued at length that it would be beneficial both for creditors and insolvents if the arrange ments between them were left to themselves, while the dealing and concealment of assets with false accounts and fraudulent conduct might be left to the ordinary legal tri bunals of the country. In a discussion which followed, Lord BROUGHAM alluded to the imperfect jurisdiction of the " Septuagint" or seventy com.nissioners and the amend ment of that system, and said since that further alte rations had been made for which the original founders of the principle of the law were not responsible. The French expression of "making bankrupt" had been adopted in the act of Henry VIII., and while it only meant " making bankrupt," it imported without intending it the real fact that people who became bankrupt made others bankrupt. Mr. HATFIELD, M.P., expressed his regret that a chief judge in bankruptcy had not been appointed, presiding over a court to administer the whole law of debtor and creditor, which he thought the only probable means of bringing the subject into something like a system. Mr. W. HAwEs, President of the Council of the Society of Arts, argued that if the principle of the Bankruptcy Law of 1849 had been duly and fully administered, the unsatisfactory state of things which undeniably existed at present would not have come about. That prin ciple was that creditors should not have the entire control over bankrupts and their estates, but that their affairs should be administered by a competent tribunal, and he de precated a return to the principle which formerly prevailed. He criticised the provisions for the amendment of the Bankrupt Law which had been suggested by Mr. Moffatt, especially protesting against the proposition which refused a certificate for six years unless 6s. Bd. in the pound was paid by the debtor. He also contended that the statistics given by Mr. Moffatt, both as regarded the number of bank rupts and the amount of money involved, did not by any means prove that the existing law tended to increase the number of bankruptcies and the fraudulent disposition of property. He agreed that a Court of Bankruptcy was unne cessary, but was of opinion that there should be a law by which the affairs of bankrupts should be administered. The discussion was continued with some animation, and with a tendency to condemnation of the existing bankruptcy law, until the close of the sitting. In section C of the same department, Mr. FORSYTH, M.P., in the chair, the Rev. W. L. CLAY read a paper " On Recent Improvemnts in our Penal System," who was followed by one "On the desirability of establishing Reformatories for Adults," read by Mr. T. B. L. Baker. This paper glanced at the working of the gaol and reformatory system, and stated that the contributor was ready to maintain the fol lowing propositions, viz.:—" That adult reformatories or houses of correction (the name signifies but little) would render our gaols more deterrent than they now are, and would themselves deter by the greater length of their de tention. 2d. They would send the prisoners back to society so much better fitted for work, that there would be less danger of a relapse. 3d. They would by their surveillance physically incapacitate a man from a course of crime for a far longer period than the gaol. 4th. They would cost far less to the honest ratepayer; and lastly, the experiment may be tried with good hope (not to say certainty) of suc cess, without cost or risk to the State." RARA Avis.--A white sparrow has been seen at lladdington-place, Leith-walk, several times. It was always alone, appeared perfectly healthy, and evidently is a bird of the year. The feathers were fine, and the only dark ones wore a few just under the throat. It frequented the Old Botanic Gardens, but often came to the bleach green of the houses adjoining, and was not at all shy.— Scotsman. [ADVEIMISEMENT.)—Consumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach, and liver complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravate a and accelerated by drugs of every description. but perteckly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless ; such as indigestion (dyspepsia), cough, asthma, consumption, habitual constipation, diarr hcea, all gastric derangements, haemorrhoids, liver com plaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness' fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria. neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, pal pitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness even in pregnancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains in the pit of tho stomach and between the shoulders, &c. We quote a few. —Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Fernley Surrey, of 1 hirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement. and partial deaf ness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous laiscies.—Cure, NO. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord-Lieu tenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No.49, B32 Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, const patios, flatulency, spasms. sickness, and vomiting—Maria Jolly.- Cure No 64,816. the Rev. James I'. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment.— In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 45. 6d ; Mb., lls. ; 121 b., 225. ; ?41b. 406.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77. Regent-street, London; also Phillips, tea dealers, 8, King William-street ; hkewi e at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgate street Within ; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford-street; 33a, Strand; 14, Upper Baker-street ; 103, Tottenham-court-road ; 93, Upper-sti eet, Islington, N. ; Harvey, Notting-hill ; Close brothers, 6 , , High-street; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's •weod, London ; and all re , pectable grocers and clie mlsts.—Dcwarc of spurious imitations. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—AII the recent intelligence from America shows that the attention of the people is now directed to the removal of the gravest difficulties that can press upon a nation. A devastated country has to be restored, a disorganised community to be set in order, an inferior and uneducated race is to be governed in such a manner as will be consistent with its own natural rignts, and at the same time with the safety of society. These questions are so im portant and difficult, they excite such animosities among men of extreme opinions and hasty temper, that we might expect them to cause long and acri monious contests were there not reason to believe that the great mass of the people are determined that they shall be settled quietly. 'When it is hard to see how a certain matter can be arranged it is encouraging to feel that there is a fixed resolution to arrange it somehow. This is the disposition of the American people at the present time. All the difficulties which the war has left have " got to be" met and overcome. Already a beginning has been made, and, with the advantages of an active people and boundless resources, the devastation and anarchy of the war are already disappearing. Material prosperity makes the Northern people for giving, and endows them with the means of restor ing and again enriching the South. In every part of the North the profits of trade have been enormous, and taxation has not as yet pressed upon the peo ple. They see before them the vast plains of the South capable of producing tenfold the crops which have done so much to place America in the first rank of wealty nations, but now lying in great part waste and abandoned. They see the Northern people, white and black, accustomed to the climate, skilled in the agriculture which is best suited to it, and ready, if properly managed, to go once more to work and make their country the rich domain that it was before the war. A large majority at the North is, therefore, in favour of any reasonable policy which shall reconstruct the South and give it peace, order, and enterprise as soon as possible. The course taken by the President is perfectly in accordance with this set of public opinion. There is undoubtedly a party at the North, as de scribed by our correspondent to-day, which desires Lo impoac thy -roi l he iderst Let lug on the South, TO keep it under military rule for years, to forbid its representatives from sitting in Congress, and to punish the white rebels by placing the negroes on the level with them or above them. This party will do its utmost to influence the President, and if- it cannot influence him will oppose him. We have no means of knowing its strength in the country, but it seems likely that it will not be able to pre vent the reconstruction of the Southern States, unless the public at the North be really brought to believe that some substantial gain of the war is about to be imperilled. As for the extreme party which desires proscription or confiscation, it may be put out of consideration altogether. To drive out and rob the Southern people was a scheme which had its advocates amid the fury of a great war, but now that the sword is sheathed for battle it is not likely to be drawn again for plunder. Not even an exhausted population would be likely to submit to the last outrages of conquest without a struggle. The Confiscation Act has been quietly set aside, and the good sense of Mr. Johnson in doing this has been approved by public opinion in the North, more especially since it is seen how great has been the effect of his policy in reconciling the Southern States to the humiliating task of repealing their own ordinances, and publicly submitting themselves to an authority they had disowned. The Republican party, influenced by what is called the Radical section of it, will, we presume, be unable, even if it were willing, to prevent the progress of reconstruction at the South—that is, the re-estab lishment of the State Governments and the with drawal of the soldiers. The powers of the Presi dent are so vast and his position so secure that the direction of the Southern States is entirely in his hands. Even Congress could only control him by using its most extreme rowers and straining to the utmost the provisions of the Constitution. He is Commander-in-Chief, and can withdraw every regi ment from the South if he pleased, and thus allow the inhabitants to settle their own affairs without inference from any one. He is a military chief holding a conquered country, and can appoint any man he pleases Governor or Provisional Governor, with orders to do this or that, and he can recall him if it is not done. No ordinary power in the Republic can prevent him from carrying out any scheme on which he has set his mind, so long as it is in accordance with the wishes of the Southern people themselves. The President appears to know and to be using this au thority, and the alacrity with which the Southern people second him, by abandoning their insurrec tionary position, and placing themselves anew in Constitutional relations with the Federal Govern ment, shows that they see their opportunity, and, with the promptness of their race, know how to take advantage of it. It is probable that before the meeting of Congress the position of the South will be such that it will be impossible for any party to demand the maintenance of military rule, much less the spoliation which was decreed during the war. In short, it is likely that all the difficulties of the time will be reduced to one—the settlement of the negro's position. On this subject there is, as may be supposed, a wide diversity of opinion, and is just such a subject as inspires the fiercest animosities and antipathies. At the bottom of the matter is the fact that the white American does no like the negro, and that the European immigrants love him, if possible, still less. At the North he has been despised as a Parian, and at the South his freedom is likely to bring on him a hatred which he did not meet with when he was an obedient and thoughtless slave. However, there are the four millions of blacks who must be dealt with. They must be governed in some special manner,- or allowed to take their rank with other citizens. It is on this question that the great struggle of the next Session of . Congress will t a k e p l ace. C ongress may no t easily prevent Mr. Johnson from giving the South ern States their own way at home, but it can impose conditions on th e a d m i ss i on o f th eir representa tives to their seats at Washington, and, indeed, pass a sort of secession ordinance by excluding them. We are told that the Republicans or the Radicals are ready to go this length, and that though the President may leave the question of negro suf rage to each State Congress will not admit any such independence. The constitutional right of Congress to do this we are not able to discuss, but we cannot but think that it would be reasonable in the Southern States to avoid any such contest by a concession of the suffrage to the more industrious and civilised of the negroes. The great difficulty undoubtedly is how to deal with a population which, whenever it is withdrawn from the tutelage of the whites, has a tendency to sink back into savagery. In a few years a large number of the blacks will probably have squatted on waste lands throughout the Southern States, and have lost the little civilisation they now possess. But a well devised propertyqua lification would exclude these, while it would not prevent the more intelligent and industrious of the race from attaini ng t o a t l eas t th e l e gal rights of citizens. With such a qualification the negro has long been allowed to vote in the State of N should New York, and there seem s no reason w hy the principle not be adopted elsewhere. We do not believe in the future fusion of the European and African, nor even in their equality ; we rather expect that the numbers of the inferior race will gradually diminish now that it is brought everywhere into rude com petition with the stronger. But if its lot can be ameliorated and its position secured by the admis sion of its members to civil rights, and if, as will be no doubt the case, the numbers of these will be too small to outweigh the power of the white popula tion, we see no reason why the South should struggle against the principle which the Republicans wish to enforce. POST.—We are told that the Emperor is about to return to Paris after a long and pleasant repose from State affairs ; the Ministers of the various governing departments of Imperial rule have already returned to their posts, and the foreign Ambassa dors are once more making their weekly periodical visits to the Hotel of Foreign Affairs on the banks of the Seine. Count Walewski, the new President of the Legislative Chambers, has visited the Emperor at Biarritz, and probably received a few hints on governing a representative assembly which the coming session will find animated with more political vitality than that over which the late Duke de Morny presided with such conciliatory courtesy. Such is the not very startling information we get from Paris ; but this quiet march of events, coupled with the long and frequent absence from Paris of the Emperor and his advisers this year, suggests some reflections on the consolidation of the Empire under Napo leon 111. Neither the best friends nor the worst enemies of Louis Napoleon would have believed ten years ago that the Emperor might remain away from Paris six months out of the twelve, during which period he should p ay a v i s i t to Algeria and occupy much of his time in writing a life of Caesar. The Imperial constitution of France demands the pre sence of the Sovereign, and the irresponsibility of Ministers obliges them to consult the Sovereign on all important questions. The present year has dis closed, however the fact that the gover n i ng machi nery under which our exciteable neighbours have become so docile works very smoothly even when the engineers are away. The Emperor and all his Cabinet have been holiday-making throughout the summer, and the affairs of State, both domestic and foreign, have fallen into a state of coma such as the political history of modern France seldom records. A few politicians who remained in Paris this sum- mer ,got up a faint breeze to break the dead and somewhat uninteresting calm. We were told by some enthusiasts from Paris to expect considerable , and very important reforms at the opening of the . coming Parliamentary session ; Ministers were to be made responsibile ; the press was to be exempt from Government control, and once more we heard . the familiar expression about the early " Couron nement de l'Edifice..' But even such important announcements did not produce any great impres sion on the millions of Frenchmen who read the newspapers so diligently in cafes, and who, at a period not far distant, got up wonderful excitement about very minute political events. Perhaps most Frenchmen felt there was not much truth in the re form reports ; they may have estimated the charac% ter of the Emperor correctly, and come to the con clusion that his Majesty was more likely to let well alone than make any new experiments in govern ing a people that former Sovereigns have found ex ceedingly difficult to rule. Be this as it may, there are no signs of the Emperor having modified in any way his views and convictions of what may be called a successful system of governing the French people. So far as our information goes, Napoleon 111. is perfectly satisfied with his present advisers, and no modification of his Cabinet is in contempla tion. The season will probably be occupied with more interesting questions than those which grout out of the theory of Government. So far as we at a distance are able to read the Emperor's mind, he seems to be disposed to prosecute domestic improve ment and promote material prosperity ; working with the existing Imperial constitution to bring about improvements in old laws, as well as provid ing new legislation such as the exigencies of the day demand. The Emperor looks more like peace now than at any other period of the present reign. The French troops are coming home from that city which in , 1848 commenced a re vo l u ti on , h ea d e d b y Pi u s 1., which was indubitably instrumental eventu ally in placing Louis Napoleon on the throne of France ; and good authorities are always telling us the Emperor wants to get his flag away from Mexico as soon as he can. The foreign policy of France was never more pacific. Amid a real and national excitement to assist the Poles during their late re volt the Emperor and his Cabinet contrived to calm down the popular enthusiasm of a chival r i c na ti o n ; peace counsels prevailed, and a great war, a Euro pean convulsion, it may be, was avoided. The French Government has expressed itself pretty strongly on the conduct of the German Powers, the destroyers of the constitutional and progressive little kingdom of Denmark, but even when half invited by her Majesty's advisers to draw the sword for all old ally unjustly attacked by superior forces, the Emperor and his advisers calculated that to save Denmark France must go to war with all Germany; and here again the counsels of peace prevailed. We cannot help thinking that a change is taking place in the character of the French nation. We are quite sure they are as brave and generous as of old; we are convinced their sympathy is ever with the weak and the oppressed all over the world, and we are sure they are as proud of their army as when, they inscribed its man y v i c t or i es on t h e gra na , triumphal arch which graces w ith arc hit ec t u ral majesty the avenue of the Champs Elysees. What, we believe to be the fa c t i s thi s — t h e pu bli c m i n d or France is more occupied with commerce, more bent in obtaining wealth than in the days of Napoleon I. or Louis Philippe. In this respect Frenchmen are becoming more like Englishmen ; they have half forgotten the attractions of street fights, revo lutions, the flights of Sovereigns, and wars for an " idea." The French mind appears to be gradually turning round from glory to gain. They are a more politically contented pgople than of old, which We, cannot help thinking was singularly exemplified this summer by the long absence from Paris of the governing powers. COUNTRY MARKETS LIVERPOOL-FRIDAY. At to-day's market there was a good attendance of the town and country trade, and a fair amount of business Wee done. Wheat and flour with a good demand, and as there, was a very limited choice of sam pl es h o ld ers were enable(' to make very full prices. Oats and oatmeal the turn agail the buyer. Barley, beans, and peas in fair request, an prime mixed sold pretty readily at 295, now Ibraila at 28 6d, and old Galatz at 34s per 4101 b. DERBY—FRIDAY. There was not much wheat on offer to-day. The de• mand was steady at extreme rates. Barley a tolerable trade at quite last week's prices. Beans in good request ; prices in favour of the seller. New White wheat, 42s to 45s ; old rod, 4Gs to 50s per 3 6 stone. Barley for malting, 32s to 33s per qr. ; grindings 27s to 28s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 24s to 265; old, 27s to 29s per 24 stone. B eans, o ld , 4 8s to Ws; new, 40s to 4 33 per 38 stone. RIPON-FRIDAY. To day's supply in the market was of an average OA: raster, and whet was from is to 2s per qr. higher than DO week. Beans a shade lower. WAKEFIELD.—FRIDAY There is a pour shun , of -wheat to-Ll. y, the trade is quie t ' but fresh old and fine new fully maintain their value• Barley meets a better inquiry, and prices higher. In other articles no material change to note. Averages, October 2—Wheat, 1,921 qrs, at 49s 8 - id; barley, 2,602, at 32s 2id ; oats, —, at Os Od. S T AMF ORD.—FRIDAY. Old white wheat, 46s to 50s ; new do., 44s to 4sB;per 3 6 stone. Barley, malting, 32s to 34s ; grinding, 27s to 28 4 per qr. Oats, new, 19s to 245; old, 25s to 27s per 24 stole/ Beans, 40s to 48s per 38 stone. Peas as of late. LINCOLN.-FRIDAY. Barley came freely to hand, and best sorts sold readily at rather higher prices. Oats a fair trade, at extreme cur rencies. Peas unchanged in value. New white wheat, 42s to 46s ; new red, 39s to 42s per° stone. Barley for malting, 33s to 36s:per qr ; grinding' , 29s to 32s per 30 stone. Oats, 20s to 28s. Beans, 3 8 s t° 48s per 38 stone. BRISTOL SUGAR.-FRIDAY. The market has been quiet the greater part of the weel 4 and but little business has been done either in raw or re" fined ; the latter is rather lower. Rum—no business doing COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. s. 0 West Hartley Hetton 2l 6 Carway and Duffryn 0 Staffordshire 17 6 Making 24 3 Tunstall Ships at market, 38; sold, 28. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton... Oct. 1 9 . Ditto, via Marseilles Oct. 1 1 Brazil and Cape Verde, by British packet Nov. 5. Ditto, by French packet .. Oct. 22. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena....oct. 22. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton—Oct. 1 3 . Ditto, via Marseilles Oat. —. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton . Oct. --• India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 13. Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via Southampton • Oct. 11. Ditto, via Marseilles ....0ct. 5. Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseil'e 3 Oct.ls. Newfoundland .., , ....... Oa 25. Portugal Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon.. United states and British North America, by Bri tish packet Ditto, by United States packet, via Southamp ton . • Ditto, via Cork . Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry.. Oct. 6. West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe ...... West Indies and Pacific (except Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico .................. Bahamas, via New 'Y ork • ........... _Ortt_ 14. Oct, 19 • Bermuda, ditto Oct. 25. Cuba and MexicoOct.ot 30. Births. FARQUHAR•—On the 2d inst., at Carlogie, Aberdeenshire' the wife of Captain Farquhar, R.N., of a son. HALL. —On the sth inst., at Walkington, Beverley, We' John Hall,lof a son. MARsir.—On the 6th inst., at Balhara, Mrs. Edmund I• Marsh, of a son. NUGENT.—On the 3th inst., at 75, South Audley-street Mrs. Albert Nugent, of a son. Marriages, ALEXANDER—Qum—On the sth inst., at All Saints' Pacl dington' Major W. C. Alexander, late of H.M.'s India° Army, to Ellen Charlotte, the only daughter of the late Lieut.-Colonel Quin, Bengal Army. . - GOOLE—FAZAN.—On the sth inst., at St. Barnabas, K 0 0: sington, William Dovereu x C o ok e , o f J ermyn - s t r eet,_,,S" James's, to Frances Margaret, e ld es t d aug ht er of Ait' Fazan, of Kensington. Deaths. EVERETT.—On the sth inst., at Greenhill, Sutton, Venfo Wilts, Joseph Everett, Esq., aged 73. FITZPATRICK.—On the sth inst., at Lambeth, Daniel Fla; patrick. Esq., partner in the firm of Maudslay, Sons, an d Field, London. HUNT.—On the 3d inst., Captain Dutton Hunt, of Far° Hill Park, Stroud, aged 41. MAINWARING.—On the sth inst., at Brighton, Rear-Ad' miral Mainwaring, aged 77. BOBSON.—On the 4th inst., at Heighinton, near Darling' ton, Capt. Wm. Robson, R.N., aged 72. WHITE.—On the 4th inst., at 92, Westminster-bridge-rd . Charles White, Esq., aged. 65. 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