The Sun. — London, England, 1865-08-02 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence. The Board of Admiralty, comprising the Duke of Somerset, K.G., First Lord ; Rear-Admiral Eden, C. 8., Rear-Admiral Drummond, C.B. ; Mr. Chil ders, M.P. ; Rear-Admiral Robinson, Controller of the Navy ; Capt. Clarke, Director of Engineer ing and Architectural Works, with Captain Hall, private secretary to the First Lord ; Sir Richard Mayne, K.C.8., and Mr. F. M. Mallalieu, Chief Commissioner and Inspecting Superintendent of the Metropolitan Police Force, arrived at Deptford yesterday afternoon at 2 o'clock, to make the annual inspection of the Royal Victoria Do ck and Victual ling Establishments. Their Lordships were received by Capt. Chads, the superintendent, the master shipwright, storekeeper, and other officers. Having transacted some official business at the Capt. Su perintendent's and Accountant's offices, they pro ceeded to the cooperage for the purpose of inspect ing the new machinery recently erected for the rapid manufacture of the casks, &c., required for the shipment of provisions to foreign stations, and for the naval service. Their Lordships then visited in succession the slaughterhouses, rum and wine stores, mustard mills, steam biscuit bakery, salt provisions, sail, clotheg; and other stores. After as inspection of the several workshops, ship-building slips, docks, basins, and other departments of the dockyard, their Lordships were occupied for some time in making an examination of the three new vessels now in progress. These are the Endymion screw frigate, which was laid down some years since, and the building of which was for a long time suspended in accordance wiih the decision of the Admiralty to discontinue the building of more timber vessels. She has since been remodelled, and is in such a forward state that their Lordships have directed her to be launched during the present month, after which she will be removed to Woolwich or Sheerness for com pletion. The Niobe and Nymph, ironclad screw gun vessels, laid down and in course of construc tion from the designs and under the superintendence of Mr. E. J. Reed, Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy,, are intended to solve the problem of obtain ing a high rate of speed with some of the smallest class of gun vessels when armour-plated with the same thickness of iron as that of the Warrior. The Nymph has only recently been laid down, but the Niobe is in a forward state. Their Lordships occu pied about two hours and a half in their inspection, and before leaving the establishment they received a deputation from several classes of workmen, re questing an increase of pay and other advantages, which their Lordships promised to take into conside ration. After partaking of refreshments at the residence of the Captain-Superintendent, their Lordships left for London at half-past 5 o'clock. It is reported at Plymouth that =the Lords of the Admiralty will inspect the Pembroke dockyard to. morrow, and that on Saturday evening or Sunday morning their Lordships are expected to arrive at Devonport. It is not supposed that the Board will remain as long as usual at Devonport, as the Duke of Somerset and other members were there recently with the Prince of Wales. The Arethusa, which was reported in The Sun recently to have returned to her moorings to be thoroughly overhauled in consequence of the defec tive state of the valves of the air pumps, is still at moorings in Sheerness harbour. The defect has been discovered, and the vessel will in a few days again be taken for trial on the measured mile prior to join the experimental squadron. The Star, 4, screw steam gunvessel, 695 tons, 200 horse power, having been fitted for the first divi sion of the Sheerness Steam Reserve, was taken from the large basin in Sheerness Dockyard for an experimental cruise on Saturday last, to test her engines prior to her trial on the measured mile. The Star is moored in the harbour, and will be shortly commissioned for foreign service. The necessary repairs of machinery on board the Sheerness, paddlewheel steam tender, 114 horse power, at Sheerness, having been completed, the vessel will be taken out of dock this day, and will resume her duties as tender to the dockyard. The iron-cased screw steamship Ocean, 23, left llainoaze yesterday morning in charge of the offi cers of the Steam Reserve, for the purpose of test ing her engines and machinery in a trip round the Eddystone. The Royal Sovereign, turret-ship, Capt. Herbert, has returned to Portsmouth harbour to coal. The Salamis, paddle-wheel despatch boat, Com mander Suttie, arrived at Portsmouth yesterday from Portland, as also the Trinculo, tender to the Edg2,r, flagship of the Channel squadron. The Enchantress, Admiralty yacht, Staff-Com mander Petley, left Portsmouth yesterday for the westward, to be in readiness for the embarkation of the Lords of the Admiralty either at Plymouth or Pembroke. The Helicon, paddlewheel despatch vessel, was undocked at Portsmouth yesterday. It is expected a trial of her speed will shortly be made. The Orontes, troop-ship, Capt. H. W. Hire, will embark troops this morning at Portsmouth for Aldershott, and sail immediately for Plymouth and Pembroke—her expected voyage to Canada being postponed. His Excellency M. Musurus, Ambassador from the Ottoman Porte, arrived at Devonport on Mon day evening, and yesterday inspected the iron-cased Turkish frigate Osman Gazi, 16, Capt. Arif Bey, which is receiving her armament in Hamoaze, and is expected to leave to-day for Plymouth Sound. The large gunmetal cleaver-shaped weapon, which is to form the under-water portion of the stem of the iron-cased frigate Lord Warden, at Chatham, has been successfully cast in the foundry at the dockyard, the previous efforts to make the casting having failed. This formidable weapon, which on leaving the foundry weighed between nine and ten tons, and is the largest casting of the kind ever made at Chatham Dockyard, has the appear ance of an enormous wedge. Placed as it will be at the most prominent part of the protruding swan shaped stem of the Lord Warden, below the water, it will prove a powerful auxiliary in running down and cleaving open any hostile vessel, should it ever be necessary to use the frigate as a ram. The prow was placed in its position yesterday, and although the operation was attended with some difficulty, and required considerable care, it was effected under the directions of the officials connected with the master shipwright's staff without accident. The work of fitting and preparing the Lord Warden for sea is being pushed forward as rapidly as the resources of the dockyard will permit, nearly 1,000 mechanics and other workmen being employed on her. Among the new machines ordered by the Lords of the Admiralty to be erected at the Chatham Dock yard to meet the constantly increasing requirements of that establishment, is one large steam crane, capable of lifting weights up to 25 tons. It is to be erected on on e o f the vacant wharves at a cost of £1,940, together with two 10 -ton cranes, at an out lay of £2,160. M essrs. J. Taylor and Co., of the Britannia Works, have received orders to supply the dockyard with two travelling cranes, each capa ble of lifting 10-ton armour plates at a cost of £1,480. The same firm will also supply two steam rivetting machines at a sum of £895. Among the other steam nfachineryotared for the gen era l ser vice of the establishment is a new 51ion steam ham mer, to be supplied by Messrs. Tannett and Walker, at a cost of £1,350. Several other new machines are also ordered to be fitted up in Chatham Dock yard, the whole involving an expenditure on the plant alone of between £9,000 and £lO,OOO. The Ist Regiment of Life Guards'returned to the cavalry barracks at Windsor yesterday front a month's duty at Aldershot. The Ist battalion of the Grena dier Guards returned to-day to the Wellington Barracks from a month's exercise under canvas at Aldershot. The 2d battalion of the Grenadier Guards left the Tower of London yesterday morn ing for a month's duty at Aldershot. The 2d bat talion of Coldstream Guards left St. George's Bar racks yesterday. Eight companies went to the Tower of London to replace the 2d battalion of Grenadier Guards and the remaining two companies to St. John's -wood Barracks for gymnastic exercise. The two companies doing duty at St. John's-wood Bar racks left for Warley to join the recruit establish ment of the brigade of Guards. The troops already announced in The Sun as having arrived at Portsmouth in the hired transport Gosforth, disembarked at the dockyard yesterday morning early, under the superintendence of Col. Shadwell, Assist•-Quartermaster-General of the south-western district, and were forwarded to the depots of their respective regiments. The Gosforth left in the afternoon for London to discharge her cargo. The experiment recently commenced at Chatham of apportioning various suitable tracts of the Crown lands adjoining the fortifications and citadel among the non-commissioned officers and troops of the va rious corps quartered in the garrison, to be cultivated as gardens, has been attended during the time it has been under trial with the most satisfactory results, and the applications_ for additional space by the troops are constantly on the increase. In addition to the plots of ground within the trenches which have been broken up and divided among the bat talions the portion of the fortifications near the Cornwallis battery and beyond the curtain has just been divided among the non-commissioned officers, who have already commenced its cultivation. Se veral acres of the glacis and hornwork of the trenches and fortifications have already been marked out to be divided among the various corps, Major-General Sir Robert Walpole, K.C.8., and the other officials being desirous of meeting the wishes of the troops who apply for plots of ground, and encouraging to the fullest extent this recreation for their soldiers during their leisure. The deaths of the following officers have been officially reported at the War-office since July 1 : Major-General J. Ashmore, Royal Marines Light Infantry ; Col. E. J. White, 70th Regt. ; Lieut.- Cols. C. Sim, Royal Engineers ; J. Drysdale, 42d Royal Highlanders ; and G. P. Erskine, Paymas ter; Major R. S. W. Jones, 2d West India Regt. ; Captains R. P. Welch, Royal Artillery ; A. J. Schreiber, 31st Regiment; and J. Grimes, 76th Regiment ; Lieut. and Adjt. A. H. Lewis, 65th Regiment ; Lieuts. G. Black and H. Phillips, Royal Artillery ; J. H. Clutterbuck, Ist battalion sth Fusiliers ; A. Handcock, 33d Regiment ; R. A. Emmet, 92d Highlanders ; F. W. Leman, 107th Bengal Infantry ; T. Hunter,lBth Dragoons ; R. R. Thompson, 26th Cameronians ; and J. Hine ; En signs L. H. Jones, 89th Regiment, and E. Burton ; Assist. Inspector D. Maclagan, M.D. ; Senior Surg. W. Kelly, Royal Artillery; Surg.-Major and De puty Inspector-Gen. W. Odell, M.D. ; Surg. W. F. Daniell, M.D. ; Assist.-Surgs. N. Carter, 109th Regiment ; and J. Anderson, M. 8., Staff. The following appointments hare been made at the Admiralty :--John Washford, assist.. surg., to the Tyrian ; Robert Harding, assist.-surg., to the Donegal ; Francis E. Julian, engineer, to the Re sistance ; Edward Holmes, second-class assist.- engineer, to the Tyrian ; Ebenezer E. Lucas, second-class assist.-engineer, to the Cockatrice ; John Kimber, acting _second-class assist.-engineer, to the Asia, for the Mersey ; and William Elliot, assist.-clerk, to the Edgar. The Confederation of British America. (From the Times' Special Correspondent.) MONTREAL, July 20. The questions which at the present moment oc cupy the public mind in the British American Pro vinces, and which have severally increased in import ance since the termination of the civil war in Ame rica, are both delicate and intricate. It is felt on almost every hand that the old condition of things has passed, or is rapidly passing away, and that, in 'view of the military power displayed by the Federal Government in the subjugation of the South, a new organisation is imperative if the provinces desire to avoid incorporation with theirformidable neighbour. It is true that there is in the British Provinces, as everywhere else, a Conservative party which wishes to let well alone, and which dislikes the risks of change, lest it should lead to worse evils than those it is intended to remedy. But this party is not so powerful in a new as it would be in an old country, and in the Canadas is composed of a small section of well-to-do people whom age has rendered timid. The bulk . of the community in Upper, and of the English-speaking portion in Lower Canada, acknow ledge that the time is ripe for a change of some kind, and declare themselves either for annexation to the United States, or for a union of the provinces under British protection. It is essentild to note, however, that amid all the conflict of opinion there exists no party in favour of present or even of speedy inde pendence. If a thought of this kind finds favour at all, it is but a dream of the French Canadians, dis missed with atsigh as incapable of realisation. In a future letter I hope to describe with more detail the feelings and wishes of this nation within a nation, who have little love for their English fellow-subjects, but have still less for the Americans, and who, if they be allowed the privilege of entering a sentimen tal protest against their allegiance to the Crown, will be very glad to remain its subjects, provided always that no new taxes be imposed upon them for the privilege. In the meanwhile it will be of greater immediate interest if I confine my attention to the British Canadians. It cannot be denied that there is a party in Upper Canada, and a much smaller one in Lower Canada, that desires annexation to the United States, as by far the easiest solution of many existing difficulties, and as the best means of opening up the country to the enterprise of the restless, indefatigable, and energetic people of the States. They allege that British prote . ction is a source of weakness, not of power ; and that annexation to the States, although to be attended with the drawback of participation in the immense and yet unascertained liabilities of the Federal Government, would bo fully compensated by the advantages certain to be derived from com mercial union with a country whose resources are infinitely greater than its indebtedness. But this party is without a leader of any note or influence in the Canadian Parliament, and scarcely finds a re presentative in the press. Without prompting from Washington or New York, it would probably be much less heard than it is, and owes the greater part of whatever influence it may wield to the pro pagandism of American settlers, who, wherever they go, remain Americans, and affect, as Yankees always do, to despise what they are pleased to call the slowness and inertia of all who do not enjoy the inestimable privilege of having been born under the " Stars and Stripes," and among the slowest of the slow invariably reckon the Englishman, or the men of English descent in the colonies. Whatever may have been the strength of this party a week ago —and no one claims that it was considerable—it has been seriously diminished by the very indiscreet proceedings of Mr. Potter, the Federal Consul- General in that city. This gentleman, moved appa rently by a letter from Mr. Wood, the superinten dent of the Montreal Telegraph Company, who assumed to speak the sentiments of all his country men in Canada, took it upon himself at the Detroit Convention to assert that, .if the Federal Govern ment did not renew the Reciprocity Treaty with British America, the Canadas, if not the maritime provinces, would, in less than two years, be reduced commercially to such straits as to be compelled to sue for admission to the Federal Union. For this reason he argued that the Treasury ought not to be renewed. The publication of the letter of Mr. Wood and the speech of the Consul-General have led to such a whirl of excitement among the British population as to produce the resignation by Mr. Wood of the position he holds in the Telegraph Co mpany, and a requisition to Lord Monck, to be b m y is h sa im l offomrwra. rd Po ed ttetZ forsDhoouwlndintgh-estrFeeedt,eral thedis Govern ment not see fit in the meanwhile to remove him. p Apart from these merely personal aspects o f th e question, the zeal of Mr. Potter defeated its own object. Many Canadians who looked without very much disfavour upon the idea of an nexat i on, pro vided it could be brought about in a friendly spirit, and on the ground of mutual interest and convenience, were scandalized at the idea of coercion so nakedly and offensively stated, and asked themselves not whether reciprocity of trade even with so good a customer as Federal America might not be too dearly purchased, but whether, all things consi dered, the United States, even on the single ques tion of the fisheries of Newfoundland, to say no thing of the free navigation of the St. Lawrence, had not much the best of the present bargain. And as for threats, it would become matter for grave reflection, if reciprocity were de nied from motives so unworthy as those avowed by Mr. Potter, or from any others, good, , THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1865 bad, or indifferent, whether it would not be the in terest and the duty of Canada to find equivalents elsewhere for the enforced loss or restriction of her trade with New York and Chicago. A Free-trade party exists in Canada as well as in the States, and if Canada, resorting, as Great Britain has done, to an income and property tax to supply the deficiency of revenue caused by the abolition of Customs' duties, were to throw open her ports to the com merce of the world—as she has a perfect right to do —and make herself the free-trade emporium of the American continent, what, it was pertinently asked, would be the fate of the high protective and quasi prohibitive tariff of the Federal Government ? With free trade in Canada, and duties varying from 50 to 60 per cent. on British goods in the seaboard cities of the States, the smuggler would ply his vo cation along a frontier of 1,500 miles, on a consi derable portion of which the boundary is a geogra phical and imaginary line, and defy an army of Custom-house officials, were it as numerous as the army of the Potomac, to prevent the ingress of im mense quantities of manufactured goods. The American delegates were not prepared for this re sult, orrfor the danger to Federal finance that might grow out of it. Attending the Convention from purely commercial motives, they were averse, for the most part, from listening to the political arguments so inappropriately and unskilfully of fered by the consul, and looked not only without disfavour, but with placid satisfaction, upon the rebuke which some of the most eminent Canadians present did not fail to administer. It was at one time thought that the Convention would declare itself against the renewal of the treaty ; but thanks to this blundering official, and to the plain but cour teous statements and arguments of the Canadian delegates, it passed with unexpected unanimity a resolution in favour of the old Reciprocity Treaty, subject only to such modifications as might be ren dered necessary by the new financial condition in which the civil war had left the Federal Treasury. Thus, whatever feeling in favour of annexation may be latent in Canada—especially in the Upper Pro vince, more exposed than the Lower to suffer the first brunt of war, should war unfortunately arise— is likely to remain unaffected by the Reciprocity Treaty, or any considerations connected with it. The strength of the annexation party rests mainly on the foregone conclusion in the minds of those who favour it that sooner or later annexation is inevitable, and that, come when it will, it is the cheapest and most satisfactory mode of securing peace to this portion of the continent, and removing from it all the dangers to which it is now exposed by its connection with England. The great party opposed to annexation, and in favour of the continuance of British connection, if not in perpetuity, at least till such time as the colonies shall be strong enough to defend themselves unaided against all aggression, is by no means agreed in Canada—to say nothing of the maritime provinces—as to the means to be adopted to that end. The politicians in and out of Parliament incline to the idea of a Confederation of all the colonies —to be effected by mutual consent, if that be possible, or in the case of any smaller recalcitrant, such as New Brunswick or Prince Edward Island, to be enforced by gentle though firm compulsion on the part of the Home Government. Another party, which seems to be increasing in public favour, would prefer Consolidation to Confederation. It is argued that a Legislative Union would be more economical and more effective than such a Union as that which exists in the Federal States, where each sovereign commonwealth is not only burdened with the support of its representatives in the General Congress, but with the cost of its own local Legislature. .The fact is called to mind that State rights in America pro voked a disastrous civil war and in other respects proved a signal failure, and it is insisted with reason that the British Provinces will be unwise if they do not take warning by the mistakes of their neigh bours, and that as the result of the civil war pro mises to be the abolition of the right of local self government, and the substitution of a centralised Government to rule over a homogeneous and indi visible nationality, the true policy of the British Americans is also to become a nation, one and indi visible, and cease to be a congeries of separate com mon wcalths, one only in name, and diverse, if not hostile, in spirit and interest. The official declarations of Mr. Cardwell in the House of Commons, and the published statements in the English and Canadian press, of the under standing come to between the British Government on the one side, and the Canadian Ministers who lately visited England on the other, have been re ceived with much favour on all points except one. The finances of Canada are not flourishing. The country is but slowly recovering, if recovering at all, from the depression of trade caused by the deficient harvests of 1864, and the people, having never yet sensibly felt what taxation means, look with im patient alarm at the prospect of the smallest increase of their existing burdens. For these reasons they strongly object to that portion of the scheme of Confederation or Consolidation, whichever it may happen to be, which seeks to impose upon them the charge of purchasing the interest of the Hudson's Bay Company in the arable lands of the Red River and the Saskatchewan. They claim that these valuable territories belong, or ought to belong, to Canada, and would gladly receive them if there were nothing to pay. But as the two Canadas alone are not half or a quarter peopled, and could find room for an immigration of five, ten, or 20 millions of labourers, and be all the better for the influx, they object to the proposal to pay the Hudson's Bay Company for a right of colonization of which they are not now, and are not likely for many years to be, in a condition to avail themselves. The Crown granted the Hudson's Bay Company its rights, and in Canadian opinion the Crown, if it desires to with draw these rights forreasons of public policy, should make equitable compensation, and not the people of Canada, who will derive no tangible benefit from the accession to the already large area of these remote regions. On the other hand,Canada would gladly see that territory included in the limits of the proposed Confederation, though as yet she is quite unprepared to tax herself for the acquisition. After all, this is a minor point and one that does not press for immediate settlement. The great work in hand is the erection of a new and strong nationality on the north bank of the St. Lawrence. The question of the rights of the Hudson's Bay Company can bide its time; and whe ther the fertile lands to the north and west of Lake Superior become nominally a part of Canada, or be converted into a Crown colony with another name, to be ultimately fused into the Confederacy, is likely to be a matter of comparative unimportance for at least a dozen years. For the rest, although a few New York papers and stump orators, desiring to catch applause by a fling at England, every now and then strive to exasperate the loyal Canadians by boasts of their intention to annex the whole of British America, the Canadians have heard the cry so often that they have ceased to be disturbed by it. There were some much more sensible Americans than these, who at the time when the Confederate agents on this side of the St. Law rence organised their useless but wicked raids into Federal territory, and the buccaneering expeditions on the Lakes, were impelled by passion to declare the annexation of Canada to be necessary for their own security, whatever might be the price at which it would have to be purchased. But this feeling has gradually cooled down, and the business men of America—who, whenever they choose to make their voices heard, which is unfortunately too seldom, are able to shape the policy of the Government—have returned to the old conclusion, that if not better for the Canadians, it is better for the United States that Canada should retain its connexion with the mother country. The American Union, they rightly argue, is quite large enough already, and the Great West, a together w ith th e mining States of Nevada, and others t ot e of of equal theez ntentoeakny Mountains, dricbness, demand onth all eCis A slope the immigration that Europe can afford for the next half century to develope their overflowing resources. The right to navigate the St. Lawrence secured, and the irritating question of the fisheries removed from contention by mutually beneficial arrange ment, there is nothing in British America that the people of the Federal States can desire. Being satisfied that Great Britain will not seek cause of quarrel with the States, they are content, for ulte rior purposes of their own, that, secure in her sea girt isles, the old country should have a vulnerable side on the North American continent. Such is a broad outline of the many questions that in one form or another will continue for many months to engross the attention and tax the patriotism of British America, and the progress of which towards a satisfactory solution cannot but be watched with solicitude in the mother country. To see a nation springing into life is as interesting a study as to trace the symptoms of its decay, and from present indications and the necessities that have grown out of the American conflict it is not unreasonable to expect that these colonies are des tined of no distant time to take a prominent place among the powers of the earth, and play a useful part in the politics of this continent. SUMMER ASSIZES. HOME CIRCUIT.—CROYDON, Aug. 1. (Before Mr. Baron Pigott.) Before beginning our report of the case referred to, it is important to mention a complaint of the leitrned judge in the course of the day, of no small importance as to the administration of criminal justice. Tho complaint was as to the omission to instruct counsel for the prosecution, the result of which it was found is to cause several serious inconveniences. One of them is that the depositions have either to be handed to some counsel in court, who of course has not time enough to read them, and has to get through the case as he best may ; or else the learned judge has to confound the two functions of judge and prosecuting coun sel and examine the witnesses himself. In the former case, as the counsel has the deposition; the judge has not them before him, as he ought to hare, to refer to in case of any discrepancies in the evidence of the witnesses for the pro secution. This occurred in the course of a case to-day, when the prisoner's counsel wanted the judge to refer to the depositions, and he observed, "They are in the hands of the counsel for the prosecution. There appears to be a practice here of not instructing the counsel who has been called upon to conduct the prosecutions, but to leave cases to be managed as best they may be in court, a most incon venient.system." 'This, it may be mentioned, occurred in a case of manslaughter, in which no counsel had been en gaged to conduct the case, and the depositions werehanded down on the instant to one of the counsel in court. A man named Jarvis, described as 43 years of age, was indicted for feloniously stabbing and wounding one Win. Mose, with intent to murder him. Mr. Poland was for the prosecution. The prisoner was not defended by counsel, but he appeared to bo a man of remarkable intelligence, and he defended himself. The prisoner was a convict under sentence of penal ser vitude, and at the time of the offence he was confined in the invalid convict prison at Woking, in this county. Ho is a cripple, and appeared unable to walk except on crutches, and he is incapacitated from doing hard labour; hence his removal to this prison. 'The prosecutor was a Scripture reader who visited the prison—and on the 29th of June last the prisoner being in the refractory cell for some breach of prison regulations, went to visit him. "How are you to day, Jarvis?" said he. Ho replied,." lam very poorly, in deed." The prosecutor sat down beside him and began quietly talking with him. "It is well,"said he, " amid the sorrows and gloom and trouble of this life to look above them to a brighter world." He, had hardly finished these words when the prisoner shifted near to him, saying, "Yes, it is, it is," and in the act of saying these words he stabbed him twice with a sharp weapon concealed in his hand. The prisoner 'was seized and searched, but the weapon could not be found, and when asked for it he said "An angel brought it to me, and took it away again,and he (Mose) might have seen her standing by. If he dins to morrow lie will go to Heaven." At last, however, the in strument was found concealed in the cell, and it was pro duced in court. It was merely the blade of a small pocket knife without a handle. It was scarcely capable of inflict ing a serious wound—in fact it did not_do much harm, and the chief injury was from the shock. The prisoner, when calledupon forhis defence, admitted the act, but disavowed any intention of inflicting any serious injury, declaring that, on the contrary, he had a great regard for the Scrip ture reader, who, he said, had treated him kindly, and the reader on his part confirmed this, and stated that the pri soner had always treated him with every respect. The prisoner said he had committed the act only from a desire to have a public trial and make a public exposure of the horrors of the penal system, and he made a long address to the jury. marked by very considerable ability and a great appearance of earnestness and truthfulness. This address, which occupied a great part of an hour and was listened to with much interest, and which was, in fact, the remarkable feature in the trial was to the following effect :—He said he had been sent to the Woking Prison, which had been called by Punch the Thieves' Palace, but which would, lie said, more properly be called the Thieves' College. Those who went there, he declared, became 10 times more the children of hell than they were before. The most horrible crimes, he said, were committed, and when complained of, not only were the offenders not punished, but the complaineetß were rergeetii oft For g.orrtn complaint,lto said, ho himself had been put upon penal diet, and this was the origin of the ill-will with which he had been regarded there. Ile had complained, ho said, of prisoners being robbed of their rations. He was brought before the directors and sent to Millbank for nine months. He was examined, he said, by a medical man, Mr. Guy. who ,was a humane man, and said ho could not punish him. After that he was sent to the prison at Woking, where, as he represented, the same spirit of persecution was pursued. The warder would not.permit the windows to be put up, and when remonstrated with said "They will not bo put up till I like ;" and they were open, the prisoner said, for 14 days and nights. The effect was that he had caught cold, and had contracted a disease. He complained to a warder, "I am ill, pray remove me ;" but the warder said " I shan't, you're only at your old games." " Shift me higher up," said the prisoner. "No," said the warder. For these complaints, he said, he was charged with insub ordination, and brought before the directors, who would not listen to him, and sentenced him to six months' penal diet. " They might as well sentence me," said the prisoner , "to death. 1 had only a pint of milk and 20 oz. of b re ad daily. I could not eat the potatoes. I was so weak I could not sit up, and they had to allow me a bed." He could not, he said, eat all the diet allowed ; it was vegetable diet, but every other diet was refused him, and he became ill When Mr. Guy saw him he ordered him better diet. He waited four weeks, however, when a director came to visit the prison, and then ho complained to him, but he said he could not interfere. He applied, he said, over and over again for relief, but it was refused. He described the treatment he received, which, he said, imposed the most painful persecution by night as well as by day. Prisoners, for instance, he said, were wakened up every two hours all through the night ; the warders knocked at the cell doors, and if they did not get up pulled them out of bed. It was worse, he said, than the dungeons of the Inquisi tion, and it drove him to desperation. He hact 4 .' hurt the only man on earth he had loved," he said, and he haddone it only to get a trial. He had taken care that the wound should not be serious. His only motive was to expose the ill-treatment he had received. He had been 12 years in the convict prison, and then had a ticket of leave for good conduct. Then, unfortunately, he got convicted again, and having been sent to Woking he had suffered all this. "A worm," he said, " will turn if trodden upon, and so did I." There were many more who were suffering in the same way, and they wanted to let the public know what they had to endure. The man having finished his statement, The learned Baron summed up the case to the jury, pointing out that the great question was to the felonious intent charged, for there could be no question as to the charge of unlawfully wounding. The jury found the prisoner guilty of the minor charge only. Mr.. Poland then made a long statement from a paper compiled from the prison reports, which may be regarded as a kind of counter-statement to the prisoner's, and like his Own, was not, it will be observed, upon oath. It ap peared from this statement that the prisoner in 1849 was convicted of an offence and was sentenced to imprison ment for six months- -and that he was convicted again in 1851, and sentenced to 18 months. In October, 1853, he was convicted of forgery of a bank-note, and sentenced to 20 years' transportation. He was scut to Dartmoor, and in 1856, he was said to have wounded a fellow-prisoner, but for this he was not tried. He was afterwards sent to Lewes, and in 1857 was said to have been insubordinate, and to have threatened to commit a similar offence, but for this also there was no trial, and so no legal evidence. From Lewes he was sent to Millbank, and there his conduct ap peared to have improved, and in November, 1861, he got a ticket of leave. In May, 1862, ho was again convicted of knowingly littering a forged bank-note, and sentenced to six years' penal servitude, which was the sentence ho was still undergoing. There had been, it was stated, since then several instances of violent conduct. The learned Judge, during the reading of this statement, inquired upon what evidence it was drawn up, and was told that it was made up from the prison reports. lie then said that he should take time to consider his sentence. The prisoner said he should like to say something before he was sentenced. The learned Judge said he should have an opportunity of doing so. NORTHERN CIRCUIT—MANciasTER, Aug. 1, (Before Mr. Baron Bramwell.) SHUTTLEWORTI{ V. KIPPAX. Mr. T. Jones was for the plaintiff, and Mr. Temple, Q.C., and Mr. Quain were for the defendant. The Flaintiff was an attoruoy's clerk at Accrington, and employed professionally in the valuation and distribution of some fixtures in a mill belonging to the defendant, on its passing to a new tenant. There was a dispute about the property in a certain shaft in the mill, and upon the plain tiff asserting his opinion about the ownership, the defen dant asked him who he was that he should interfere, and throw him down among some piping in an endeavour to turn him out of the mill, and the action was brought for this assault. The plaintiff was ill at the time, and imme diately threatened an action unless damages were paid. At the trial it appeared that ho had been convicted at Lancas ter of felony, which he admitted at once, and was the holder of a ticket-of-leave, and he said that in consequence of this position ho was made the subject of many assaults, it being supposed ho would not dare assert himself in a court of law. The learned counsel for the defendant stig matised the action as a trumpery one, brought in the supe rior courts for the sake of enhancing the costs; but his lordship expressed a strong opinion about using harsh treatment towards a man in the plaintiff's position, with whom society should deal leniently wherever possible. The jury awarded to the plaintiff £25. LAMB AND ANOTHER V. GIRO. The Attorney-General of the County Palatine (Mr. James, Q.C.), and Mr. Higgin wore for the plaintiffs; Mr. Holkar and Mr. Rostron represented the defendant. This was an action for a refusal to accept 1,100 pieces of grey long cloth, being the remainder, out of 9,000 pieces contracted for, delivered after the expiration of the time specified. There was some contest as to the terms of the contract, but a verbal contract prescribing certain terms of delivery was admitted to prevail over a written memoran dum in which such terms wore omitted, and the defence then was that the goods sued for were not delivered accord ing to contract, and that the contract itself was cancelled as to that part. The question turned mainly upon the in terpretation of the contract, and the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. LANE V. THE LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAILWAY COMPANY. Mr. Brett, Q.C., and Mr. Edwards were for the plaintiff ; and the Attorney. General of the County and Mr. Iliggin represented the company. The plaintiff was a porter in the employment of the Lon don and North-Western Railway Company, and saw a train safely despatched for Manchester one evening in November, as it was his duty to do. As the train moved off a female passenger in one of the carriages dropped a parcel on to the line, and the plaintiff wont on the rails to seek it. Almost immediately, while searching, he was run over by one of the engines of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Company, which was going through the station without making any signal, and tender first, and therefore without a light. The plaintiff was dragged along the line and much hurt, sus taining a severe scalp wound and a comminuted fracture of the thigh. Several of the London and Worth-Western servants were called to prove the absence of light and signal, while the driver of the engine on the defendants' line appeared to prove that both were used. In the result the jury found a verdict for the plaintiff, with 4'200 damages. WITA.TMOUGH V. BARNES. This was an action for breach of promise of marriage. The plaintiff and defendant lived in the same neighbour hood, and were both in a respectable position in life, the plaintiff's father being owner of a stone quarry and keep ing a publichouse, and the defendant being in the woollen trade. In 1861 the defendant was about 29 and the plaintiff 19 years of age, and in that year the defendant began to keep company with the plaintiff, and, although dissuaded from doing so by the parents on both sides, on account of his superior position, he peisisted in his attention, saying ho was determined to have her for his wife. The mar riage did not take place, however, on account of the alleged objection of his parents, and in 1862 the plaintiffs mother died. After that the defendant took advantage of the opportunities afforded him by his relationship to her, and in 1863 she became the mother of a child to him. lie appeared even after that, and until last March, to have been much with her and her child, and not to have abandoned the idea of marrying her, but, although his mother died, and her objections to his marriage were thus removed, ho did not fulfil his promise, and in March last he married another woman. The jury gave tho plaintiff a verdict, with £250 damages. CROWN SIDE. (Before Mr. Justice Montague Smith.) The Court was occupied most of the day in trying bur glaries and robberies of no particular interest. Joseph Lever and Elizabeth Woolley wore charged with a burglary in the shop of William Griudrod, on tho night of the 15th of May, and stealing a horse collar, whip, and other articles. Mr. Torr prosecuted, and Mr. Ernest Jones defended the prisoner Lover. The prosecutor is a pawnbroker, and his shop, which he had left securely shuttered at midnight on the night in question, was found broken into the next morning, and the articles in the indictment stolen. The two prisoners had at SOLIO previous time been living togetlier,and Lever was that night seen running quickly close to Grindrod's shop, while next morning the female prisoner was pledging the stolen property. An alibi on behalf of Lover was called by Mr. Jones, but the jury found both prisoners guilty ; and His Lordship sentenced Lever to penal servitude for seven years, and Elizaboth Woolley to imprisonment for six months. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNAL 6. _ e _ TIMES.—The Emperor Adrian was accustomed to say that " a Sovereign ought to be like the sun, and visit successively all his doininions." The maxim has met with much approbation from poli tical Iciitet, aud receives a, practical approval from the annual custom of our own Board of Admiralty. Nothing can appear at first sight more reasonable than that a Department intrusted by our Legisla ture with the expenditure of a sum of money which would form a very respectable revenue for a third rate kingdom should spend a few days out of the year in visiting each of our dockyards in succession, in looking with their own eyes into these several great gulfs into whose insatiate maw so many mil lions of our revenue are annually cast, iu seeing how the money goes, what kind of machinery is provided for its expenditure, and what are the practical results obtained for it. It would seem at first sight a paradox to impugn the wisdom, ex pediency, and economy of this proceeding. We have a host of homely proverbs against us as to the folly of leaving our own affairs to be transacted by delegates, and much more to the same effect.; yet experience tells us that even the presence of the master, though undoubtedly necessary in private affairs, is by no means free from certain grave in conveniences. Who does notknow by his own costly experience what fresh expenses the gardener or the coachman has always to suggest whenever his im prudent chief gives him the opportunity of opening his lips on the subject? There is always something that craves amendment, something that is not ex actly as it:should be, something to repair, to enlarge, to pull to pieces and to put together again, 'some thing which will not bear comparison with our neighbour's, something which is not on a proper footing with other arrangements of our home. Fru gality has no friend, and every one considers that he is only discharging his duty by suggesting means of weakening and impoverishing the common enemy. So entirely is this truth felt and acknowledgedin the affairs of Government that we have constructed a department—that nominally of the Lords, but really of the Secretary, of the Treasury—whose whole business consists in continually saying " No." We have no difficulty in finding persons to whom to in trust the great offices of State, but to the very per sons to whom we intrust these offices we will not in trust the power of increasing the expenditure allot ted to them. They are fit to judge in their own departments, but not fit to judge between those departments and the general interests of the country. Suppose, now, that the Secretary of the Treasury, instead of sitting at home and waiting till he is asked for more money, were in the habit of, going round himself to the places where our revenue is principally expended, of inspecting the whole pro cess, and of calling upon anybody to come forward who has any increased outlay to suggest, either for his own benefit or that of any other person, or, dearer still, for some favourite prOject or improve ment, what would be the result upon our na tional expenditure ? Assuredly a very large in crease. It may, indeed, be said that, provided the checking officer does his duty, nothing would be spent except what we ought to spend ; but we fear it would be found true of nations as of individuals, that, spending, as both of them undoubtedly do, and will always continue to do, much 'more than they need, they cannot afford to spend everything which, by analogy to their present rate of expenditure, may be proved that they ought to spend. The Board of Admiralty stands with regard to the different dock yards much in the same position as the Treasury stands in with regard to the different public depart ments, and the same arguments which show that it is impolitic to offer too much facility for pressure on the revenue are just as true in the one case as in the other. The construction of the Board of Admiralty also--consisting partly of statesmen and partly of naval officers, the former of whom alone can be re lied on as efficient barriers against the desire for expenditure, whilst the latter participate in all the feelings of the profession, and are naturally anxious to obtain for it the largest amount of support pos sible--furnishes an additional reason why it should, above all other departments, abstain from placing itself in the way of solicitation and importunity. The Parliamentary Lords of the Admiralty are civilians ; they are not, and cannot be, at home among the technical details to which they are introduced face to face ; and if they are really disposed to fight the battle of economy they do so under the greatest disadvantage. The Duke of Somerset and Mr. Chil ders,together with two naval Lords of the Admiralty, went down on Saturday to Woolwich Dockyard. They carefully surveyed the ironclad ram Pallas— by which the ram profited probably as much as they did—as well as the various building slips and sheds at the east end ,of the yard, and entered into the question of the extension of the smithies and work shops there, thus laying the foundation for anew item in next year's estimate. They inspected the Sylvia, partially completed, but not in progress, and went over the cupola ship Prince Albert, approaching completion ; they saw the new wrought-iron carriage and slide mounted with a 300-pounder ship gun intended for the Pallas ; they inspected a process for using petroleum instead of coal ; consulted as to a more copious supply of water to the yard, and took into consideration the sinking of a well of 600 feet. They then went to the Commodore's offices, and received deputations from persons de siring an increase of pay. The deputations con sisted of representative smiths, shipwrights, joiners, sawyers, plumbers, hose-makers, painters, and la bourers paid 135., 13s. 6d., and 14s; per week only. All were favourably received, and those not provided with written memorials were desired to prepare them and send them in through the Commodore. They reviewed the Marines, they visited the recreation room, they went to the gun-drill battery, they passed through the hospital, and returned to London by the 4.15 train. One of the successors of St. David of Scotland said that " he was a sair saint for the Crown," and we fear the Lords of the Admiralty on Saturday last did a " sair" day's work for the country. The same thing was done yesterday at Deptford, and will be acted over again at all our other dockyards ; it is the manner in which the Board of Admiralty, usually spends the month of August, and is almost as much an institution of the country as the observance of the Queen's birthday. Now, considering that the persons who are to decide on the Estimates of the coming year are civilians, we think no one can doubt that, so far as the inves tigation of technical details is concerned, this visit is, for all practical purposes, utterly worthless. The First Lord can, of course, review the Marines, but neither the Marines—according to the sailors an exceedingly credulous body—nor any one else, will believe that a statesman who, in the distribution of Cabinet offices, happens to draw the Admiralty ashis lot instead of India, the Home-office or the Colonies, becomes on that account in the least better able to judge of the manoeuvres of a body of troops. The First Lord may inspect cannon, and ships,' and factories, but all the inspection in the world cannot give his opinion on such subjects any practical value. He must place himself in the hands of some body. This part of the proceeding, however, if useless, is at any rate harmless ; but the case is very different as regards that part of the morn ing's work which consists in presenting the head of the Department in this solemn and official manner to the artificers, labourers, and officers for the ex- press purpose of hearing any suggestion they can make as to burdening the country with new and expensive works, and raising salaries beyond the rate warranted by the state of the labour-market. Is there any one working for wages who does not con sider that they ought to be increased ? Is there any manufactory or building-yard in the country, pub lic or private, that could not be improved by a large expenditure of public money ? It is quite right that all these things should be submitted to the First Lord of the Admiralty, but they should reach him in the ordinary course of business in the Board room at 'Whitehall, and not be pressed upon him at these visits to the dockyards by crowds sympa thising heartily with each other, and probably with several of his naval colleagues, in the desire to ex tract every possible farthing from the public purse. In such a situation the First Lord is placed at a great disadvantage by his ignorance of technical matters with which everybody around him is fami liar, and by the opinion and genius of the place, which are sure to be all against him, and exercise an influence that even the strongest mind finds it very difficult to resist. The Admiralty has always enjoyed among public departments the bad emi nence of being at once the most prodigal and the most parsimonious. We are constantly informed that the plan of an administrative board, now so generally discredited, is the very Vest that can be applied to the management of the navy. It may be so, but for our own part we are strongly inclined to connect faults of theory with faults of practice. If the constitution of the Admiralty be good, it ought to yield results exactly contrary to those we see. In no department is the expenditure so enormous, and the available and ascertainable return so small. We are for ever reconstructing, but the reconstruction never begins until we have accumulated whole fleets of useless ships, which serve no other purpose than to commemorate our failures and our extrava gance. We know not how long these things are destined to go on unremedied ; we must hear them with such patience as we may till the hour of deliverance arrives ; but there is certainly no neces sity to add to an evil sufficiently flagrant by send ing the Board of Admiralty round the coast to beat up for grievances and canvass for fresh claims against the Exchequer. HERALD.—The condition of the North American States has ceased to excite in us those lively emotions which were naturally awakened by the spectacle of a deadly struggle between kindred races which con tended, apparently on very equal terms. The war is over, the sword is sheathed, but it has not been exchanged for the ploughshare. The arts of peace do not readily resume their place in a country whose social relations have been dislocated by civil strife, whose landowners have been slain or dispossessed, whose tillers cast adrift. The South never had manufactures on any large scale ; it was, and is, an agricultural country. The Southerners planted corn, they raised cotton and tobacco. They did it by the forced labour of a race of dark-coloured men im ported from the tropics--men who could work in a climate where labour was impossible to the white— men always treated by the whites as belonging to a race intellectually and morally inferior, and re quiring to be held in subjection in the same manner as children. It is not our business at present to inquire into the correctness of this theory of negro slavery, which is repugnant to our English notions of fairness and humanity, and to the modern doctrine that individual freedom is the common right of man kind. It is admitted that in practice it was open to the most scandalous abuses, and the simple fact of the abolition of slavery, supposing that it had been effected without any great wrong or violence to counterbalance the gain, might be welconied as a step forward in civilisation, and as marking an era in the history of the whole race of man. ,But the spice loses its flavour amid noxious drugs, the plea sant cordial may be drowned in a draught of poison. Four millions of negro slaves have been set free in the South, six millions of whites have been violently relieved of the responsibility of holding them in ser vitude. What is the result of the separation of em ployer and employed ? The blacks are starving and the whites are starving. The blacks are cast adrift upon the face of the earth, wanderers like Cain, and with the brand of Cain upon their brows. The whites are deprived of the means of cultivating the soil. It is true that they may . yesort to a system of paid labour. But the negroes are idle, and will not work without exorbitant wages. Their late masters are utterly unable to pay them. They have been impoverished by their gigantic efforts to ensue the independence of their country during a four years' war. They dare not embark what small capital they have in the soil, for their claim to the posses sion of their lands is at present in abeyance. It-is impossible for the Northerners to restore the prospe rity of the South while they hold the threat of con fiscation, like the sword of Damocles, over the heads of the Southern landholders. If President Johnson should really carry into effect the iniquitous project of refusing an amnesty to every Southern citizen possessed of more than $20,000, the result will be the utter extinction of the whole class of planters, the collapse of Southern agriculture, the end of Southern productiveness, to the South ruin and death, to the North impoverishment and a dead weight round its neck, while all the fertile fields be tween the Potomac and the Rio Grande will devolve to new comers, who, without the means to cultivate them, will let them run back into the wilderness of primeval forest. If the whole social state of the South has relapsed into chaos, the condition of poli tical affairs is scarcely less confused. 'When armies were marchingand countermarching ; whenwe were daily on the eve of some battle on which the fate of an empire seemed to hang ; when the doom of this or that city, this or that fortified place, and the prospects of the foe who environed it, seemed suspended in the balance ; when statesmen in council and generals in the tented field seemed to hold in their hands the issue of the doubtful war, the eyes of Europe were eagerly fixed on the scene, and hearts beat high as the chances wavered to and fro. But now it is all different. The battle has been lost and won, and they are quarrelling over the spoils. We cannot take much interest in what we do not understand. There is nothing melodramatic, there is little to awaken en thusiasm, in the hesitating and double-faced action of ruler. and , . Cabinet, in the bickering of office mongers and place-seekers, the screams of the dogs and birds of prey who are feasting on the bones, the philosophic discussions of th• anatomists who are dissecting the carcase. There might be something to be said about the policy of Mr. President John son, if we could make out distinctly that he had a policy at all. We arc fairly puzzled with the man who one day pardons some of his deadliest enemies, on another day condemns to death an innocent wo man, and spurns from his presence a deputation of Virginians who pray that their property may not be confiscated wholesale. We are utterly unable - to comprehend why in one state—South Carolina to wit—he has appointed as provisional governor a man of Southern tendencies, who has openly ex pressed his sympathy with the fallen cause ; while in others, such as Tennessee, he has chosen fanati cal Northerners or Southern renegades, who are at tempting to govern by the sword, to disfranchise the whole class of gentry and confiscate their pro perty. On what principle is President Johnson pro ceeding, or is he guided by anything beyond the mere wantonness of power ? It would be premature to hazard any opinion as to whether the reconstruc tion of the Union, the reincorporation of the South with a settled system of government, can be success fully carried out on such a composite plan. The President may be an enlightened statesman, of con ciliatory views ; he may be an exterminator of the fire-and-thunder order. Again, he may be both, or neither, in the ever-changing moods of his chame leon mind. The Government of the " United" States under his guidance, or no guidance, seems to be drifting along th e curren t, t o w h a t goa l we know not. The problem will be left to work out to its end by itself. The liberated negroes are loafing, thieving, fighting, murdering, starving. The Southern whites, reduced to the last extremity of misery, are perishing without complaining, too sad to know that they have lived to see the ruin of their country. The planter and the negro used to get on together somehow. They cannot thrive separately. We cannot tell what new arrangement will replace them. HEALTH OF LONDON. Tram the Registrar-General's Weekly Report.) In the week that ended on Saturday, July 29, the births in London and ten other large towns of the United Kingdom were 3,810 ; the deaths 3,001. The annual rate of mortality in the week in those eleven towns was 28 per 1,000 persons living. In London the births of 1,005 boys and 942 girls, in all 1,947 children, were registered in the week. In the corresponding weeks of ten years, 1855-64, the average number, corrected for increase of popu lation, was 1,906. The deaths registered in London during the week were 1,414. It was the 30th week of the year ; and the average number for that week was, with a correction for increase of population, 1,345. The present return is in excess of the estimated number by 69. The deaths from diarrhoea were 261, against a corrected average of 202. • The mortality arising from this disease is still high ; but it is satisfactory to find that it has not shown any further increase since the first week of July. Twenty-three deaths are also referred to cholera or choleraic diarrhoea, 20 of which occurred to children. Diarrhoea was fatal in 16 cases in Marylebone. The registrar of the sub-district of St. Mary in that district returned 5 deaths in the week, all of which were from diarrheea. There were 23 deaths from it in Pancras, and 18 in Islington. There were Bin the sub-district of Tottenham-court-road, and the same number in that of St. Giles South ; 9 in the sub district of St. Peter, IValworth, 6 in that of St. Paul, Deptford. Out of 44 deaths from typhus, 15 occurred in the East districts. Three persons were killed by horse conveyances in the streets. The following are the particulars of the cases : At 29, Boston-place, Marylebone, on 21st July, the wife of a seaman, aged 61 years, " run over by a cart." At Spencer-street, Goswell-street, on 16th July, a waiter, aged 53 years, " by a cab." On 21st July, a cabman, aged 43 years, " fell from a cab on London Bridge." A sugar baker, aged 23 years, from Whitechapel, died in the London Hospital on the 26th of July, from sun-stroke ; and the daughter of a journey man carpenter, aged 2 years, died on the 25th July at Clapham of " meningitis from sun-stroke ; coma from effusion." A shoemaker, aged 47 years, died of ptyalism. The rate of mortality last week was 24 per 1,000 in London, 28 in Edinburgh, and 24 in Dublin, 34 in Liverpool, 37 in Manchester, 28 in Salford, 26 in Birmingham, 31 in Leeds, 21 in Bristol, 31 in Hull, and 36 in Glasgow. The rate in Vienna was 30 per 1,000 during the week ending the Bth July, when the temperature was 4.4 deg. Fahrenheit higher than in the same week in London, where the rate was 27 per 1,000. In Liverpool the births were 346, the deaths 315 ; in Manchester the births 220, the deaths 253 ; in Salford the births 73, the deaths 60 ; in Birming ham the births 241, the deaths 164 ; in Leeds the births 203, the deaths 135 ; in Bristol the births 111, the deaths 66 ; in Hull the births 82, the deaths 62 ; in Edinburgh the births 120, the deaths 95 ; in Glasgow the births 310, the deaths 291; and in Dublin the births 157, the deaths 146. There wero 322 deaths in Vienna during the week ending the Bth July. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 30.000 in. The mean daily reading was above 30 in. on five days. At the beginning of the week the barome trical pressure was 29.63 in., and it rose to 30.20 in. on Wednesday. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 66 deg., which is 4.1 deg. above the average of the same week in 50 years (as deter mined by Mr. Glaisher.) The thermometer in the shade attained its highest point-85 deg.—on Thursday ; its lowest was 51.4 deg. on Saturday. The range in the week was, therefore, 33.6 deg. The mean daily range was 23.8 deg. The thermo meter in the sun rose to 149 deg. on Wednesday. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 71. complete saturation being represented by 100. The air was calm in great part of the week ; at other times the direction of the wind was variable. The rain-fall was 0.15 in., all of which occurred on. Sunday. COUNTRY MARKETS LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. We had only a moderate attendance of buyers at to-day's market, but there was rather more inquiry for wheat, and prices recovered the id lost per cental on Friday. Flour at last Tuesday's rates. Indian corn scarce and fully as dear on the spot, but easier for future delivery. Oats and oatmeal both firm. Beans, peas, and barley each the turn higher. LEEDS-TUESDAY. There is an improved tone in the wheat trade, and sales are readily effected at an advance of is over the prices of last Tuesday. , The little business passing in spring corn is at unaltered rates. Tho average prices for the week ending July 31 were : Wheat, 43s lid per qr. ; barley, —s .0d ; and oats, 24s ld. SHEFFIELD-TUESDAY. At our corn market to-day there wasp show of wheat for the season. Tho tone of the demand was slow and only a limited share of business was done. Barley not much change. Oats met a moderate demand at recent prices. The harvest is commencing in this neighbourhood Reports respecting the corn crops are generally favourable with the exception of oats. Pastures are doing well. Red wheat, per load of 3 imp. bushels 15s Od to 168 01 White do do l6s Od 18s Od New red do do l5B 6d 36s 61 New white do do ls Od 193 Od Beans do do lss 6d 17s Od Peas, per qr. Grinding be ley, per qr 30s Od 32s ud Malting barley, co 32s Od &Ss Od Oats, do 24s OdJ 283 Od Flour...Jo 5d to 18 9d per 141 b. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.-T UESDAY. English wheat in limited demand at Saturday's decline; foreign neglected. Spring corn without alteration. Flour meets a retail sale at rather under late rates. MARKET HARBOROUGH.-TUESDAY. With a middling supply wheat moved off heavily at rather less money. Barley small show, and prices same am last week. Other kinds of grain fully maintained their value. The crops in this district are fast ripening. New white wheat, 43s to 47s ; now red, 39s to 43s per 30 stone. Barley, fine, 35s ; other kinds, 28s to 30s per qr. Oats, now, 22s to 24s ; old, 25s to 28s per qr. Beans, old, 40$ to 428; new, 34s to 38s per qr. LADVERTISEMENT.I - Holloway's Pills. Weakening Weather.--The sultry summer days strain the nerves of the feeble and decrepit, and this state eventuates in dis ease unless some restorative such as those purifying pills be found to correct the disordering tendency. Holloway's medicine gives ease to the nervous system, which is the source of all vital movements, and presides over every ac tion which maintains the growth and well-being of the body. None can over-estimate the necessity of keeping the nerves well strung, and the ease with which these pills accomplish that end. They are the most unfailing anti dotbs to indigestion, irregular circulation, palpitations, sick headache, and costiveness that were ever Invented, and in consequence have attained the largest sale and highest reputation. Births. ATKINS.—On the 31st ult., at 58, Bedford-gardens, Ken• sington, the wife of J. B. Atkins, Esq., J.P., of a daugh ter. BELL—On the Ist inst., at 2, Bedford Villas, B. Norwood, Mrs. Edward S. 8011, of a son. Marriages LAMB — REYNOLDS.—On the Ist inst., at St. Andrew's, Wells-street, Oxford-street, Arthur H. W. Lamb, of the Inner Temple, to Joanna Frances, the third daughter of George W. M. Reynolds, Esq., of 41, Woburn-square. NOEL—CHAPMAN.—On the Ist inst., at St. Mary's, Bryan ston-squaro, Eugene Frederick, the youngest son of the Hon. and Rev. Baptist W. Noel, to Ethel Maria, tho only child of Thomas Chapman, Esq., of Bryanston-square. Deaths. BI .Urns.— On the 31st ult., at 11, Asko-terrace, Horton, Mr. Thomas Billings, aged 73. BitowNE.—On the 29th ult., at Brighton, Caroline Edith, daughter of Lord and Lady Richard Browne, aged of% months. CURTIS.—On tho 31st ult., at Shirehamptou, Mrs. Eulll ls Maria Curtis, aged 93. 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