The Sun. — London, England, 1848-08-15 00:00:00

ELEGANT LITERARY PRESENT. To be had of all Bookaellers. LIVES OF THE OUEENS OF ENGLAND. 1 , 11031 THE KORMAN CONQUEST. BY AGNES STRICKLAND. Complete Sots gf' this Interesting Work may new be had, in 11 vols., with Portraits of the Queens, &c., elegantly bound in morocco, with gilt leaves, price 61. 6s. ; and any volume may be purchased separately, ➢rice 10s. 64., bound in cloth. ^ A valuable contribution to historical knowledge. —Athenaeum. Henry Cblbara, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. R MAJESTY'S TLIATRE. Aldlle. JENNY LIND. The Mobility, Gnatry, Subscribers to the Opera, and the Pullin are respectful' informed that TWO GRAND EXTRA NIGHTS will take place on THURSDAY and SATURDAY EVENINGS, August 16 and 19, when Madlle. JENNY LIND will appear in one of her fa vourite charactlrs each evening. With variourgovelties in the Ballet Department, combining the talents of halite. Carlotta Oriel, Mdlle. Carolina Rosati, Mdlle. M. Taglionl, Aldlle. Cerito, &c. &c. Applications for Boxes, Stalls, mad Tickets, to be made at the Box-office of the Theatre. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. Mdlle. JENNY LIND. By Special Desire. The Nobility, Patrons to the Opera, and the Public are respectfully informed, that a Grand EXTRA NIGHT will take place THIS EVENING, Aug. 15, when Mdlle. JENNY LIND will appear as ELVIRA, in Bollini's Opera of I PURITAN. Elvira, Mdlle. Jenny Lind ; Riccardo, Signor Colletti ; Arturo, Signor Gardoni; Giorgio, Signor Lablache. To conclude with Selections from the admired Ballet of ONDINE, by Mane. Cerito, Mdlle. Petit, and Mdlle. C. Rosati ; M. Dor, M. Perrot, and M. St. Leon. The Frio List Is suspended, the public Press iccopted. Pit Tickets may be obtained as usual at the Box-office of the Theatre, price 10s. 6d. each, where applications for Boxes, Pit Stalls, and Tickets are to be made. Doors opon at halt-past Seven, and commence at Eight o'clock. THEATRE ROYAL, HAY3fARKET. Under the Management of Mr. It. Webster. sole Lessee. • THIS EVENING. Will be presented the celebrated Drama, entitled THR GREEN ; or, A Hundred Tears Ago. 31 urtogh, Hr. 0. Smith ; Bennis, Mr. Cullenford ; Jack Gong, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Grinnidge, Mr. Wright ; Captain Dartols, Mr. Worrell ; Madame St. Aubert, Mallame Celeste ; Geraldine, Mrs. Yates; Nelly O'Neil, Miss Wool gar After Hitch the Burlesque of NORMA. Norma, Mr. P. Bedford ; Adelgisa, Mr. Wright ; Pollie, Miss Woolgar. conelechi with DID YOU AVER iEIiD TOUR WIFE TO CAMEIIIWELL. ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. By Particular Desire. GRAND EXTRA AND FINAL REPRESENTATIONS. In compliance with numerous applications, and owing t the dis appointment experienced at his last representation, ROBERT HOU DIN will TO-MORROW MORNING, and en TMURSDAY, FRI DAY, and SATURDAY EVENINGS give his Final Performances, previous to his departure for Manchester. Boxes and stalls may bs secured at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street. ROYAL SURREY TIIEATRE. Under the direction of Mr. Kerschner. Positively the Last Week of Mrs. FITZWILLI.kM and Mr. BUCK STOITE. es they have to appear In Manchester on Monday next. THIS EVENING Will be performed THE FLOWERS OF THE FOREST, in ekick Mrs. Fitawilliam and Mr. Buckstone will perform. Atter which, a Comic Drama. called SNAPPING TURTLES, in which Mrs. Fitzavilliam and Mr. Buckstone perfernt. Te conclude with THE ROVER'S BRIDE. Manager and Treasurer, Mr. B. S. Fairbrether. ASTLET'S ROYAL AMPIIITIIEATILE. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Fitaball's new and completely successful Spectacle. Unparalleled Equestrian Feats. TBIS EVENING, Will be performed, the new brilliant Spectacle, founded on Sir Walter Scott's celebrated poetical • Romance, and entitled MAR )IION ; or, The Battle of Flodden Field. To be followed by the inimitable EQUESTRIAN and GYMNAS TIC ➢YERCISES in the ARENA. 4'o conclude with a Grand Pageant, entitled LADY GODITA ♦ND PEEPING TOM OF COVENTRY; or, Clearing the Toll. Box-office open from Eleven till Five. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. Attraction unprecedented. Positively the Last Week of M. JULLIEN'S Engagement. Continuation of MISS SARA FLOWER and MISS HUDDART. New Waltz, by Prince METTERNICH. the DAYLIGHT VIEW of ROME, by Denson. Superb and Unique MENAGERIE. grand Display of FIREWORKS, by the Messrs. Southby. No Extra Charge. MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, and FRIDAY. View of Rome —Promenade Concerts, Vocal and Instrumental, cencinted by Mons. JULLIEN, whose splendid Band of Sole Per force n includes Messrs. Baker, Barrett, Bauman, George and Viotti Cioffi, Collinet, Koenig, Lazarus, Richardson, Sonnenberg, kc.—Two Solos each Evening. —Several favourite Songs by Miss Sara Flower and Miss , Huddart during the Evening.—Also to be seen, during the day, the beautiful Menagerie—Shakspere's House—The Magic Bridge—and other novelties will be exhibited, the whole concluding with a most magnificent and not to be rivalled display of Fireworks. by the Messrs. Southby, representing the Girandola during the Holy Week at Rome. Sates oyez at Ten a.m., Feeding Time Fly•—Jullien's Concert at Six—Fireworks at Nine. Admission, as usual. One Shilling. THE WEATHER,.—Sox OFFICE, .A.IIGCBT 15. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 52; Highest. 56 ; Noon. 61 BAROMETER, 29.95.—W1ND N.N.W.; cloudy. lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TIIIS DAT. Morning .. 13 min. after 2 1 Evening .. 35 rain. after 9 v e.‘ , . ;- • :. . ,-,cry- • .. :lc" , ~ ' vtior NINA ;,, i ',.. ~,,, A. t.' 'O Wr: }- Mt — t { - 4. ' • ~'.., ,et 4 1.'...-.' 4111P116401k , f6.._.r.. -- ;:..iir s z" 4 ,— • —it ,_ . 't , /..... • , ~,„ %, f, - -. e 4 yr.hc-11.,,:i 8 , :;.--. -. • -). ... ~., ... _ , timingiflt LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 15, Mi. However much we may be disposed to pursue the even tenour of our way, careless as to the future, and indifferent as to the past, the continual recur rence of some particular anniversary renders such a proceeding absolutely impossible. The present day, the 15th of August, is one of these. It is a day which brings before us the buried memories of the past—a day which invests with a peculiar signifi cance many of the events,of the passing hour—a day which, by the associations that it evokes, teaches us what to look for and what to hope for in the future. No idle souvenirs are connected with this day—the memories which it conjures up constitute in them selves an epoch, and a momentous epoch, in the his tory of the world. The 16th of August irresistibly recalls to us a 15th of August seventy-nine years ago, when a new-born infant, breathing for the first time the breath of life, lay cradled on a tapestried carpet, representing the heroes of the Iliad—heroes whose fame he was him self destined to emulate and to eclipse. With the history of that child is inseparably associated the tistory of the world, or at least of the European world, during the period of his existence, and hence the day which - reminds us of the one recalls us to the other. As he grew to manhood the world in which he lived was agitated as with a moral tornado. The chains which bad bound the nations of the earth for longi centuries were rudely snapped asunder ; crowns were torn from brows which had seemed only made to wear them, and thrones laid low, whose foundations had appeared to be of eternal strength. A whirlwind passed over the European Continent, ter rible and devastating as the Simoom. Every social landmark was uprooted—in the place of despotism and servitude all was anarchy and chaos. Yet, awful and lamentable as were many of the consequences of that mighty movement, the spirit which inspired it was sublime, and its primitive object a most glorious one. Fettered as they were by the remnants of feudally, a consciousness of their just rights had imperceptibly infused itself into the minds of the people ; dreams of liberty haunted their imaginations—dreams rendered doubly beautiful by their contrast to the wrongs and the slavery and the contumely of their waking hours—and their hearts yearned to realise those visions. The people arose, strong as a lion aroused from sleep, resistless as a tor rent Wasting its boundaries, and remorseless ,as men maddened by a sense of wrong. This mighty move ment, holy in its impulse and awful in its effects, heaved the surface of society and agitated the heart of Christendom when he who was born on the fifteenth of August reached the years of manhood. He recognised the revolution, and the revolution recognised him. He recognised in the spirit by which it was animated the counterpart of that enthusiasm which stirred the depths of his own soul, while it recognised in him, as it were, the voice which should give utterance to its thoughts. It accepted him as its leader. He ap peased its intestine discords, he concentrated its divided energ i es , an d i n th e m i g ht o f unity rendered it invincible. The revolution triumphed, and tri umphed gloriously. Hereditary rulers and feudal lords, dispossessed of their inheritances—inheritances which they regarded as inalienable—looked on with horror and indignation. Their sufferings, and perhaps a fear ofa a r l tl possessed i c ipa s t a i e n s g a ed of in their fate, awoke the sym pathy ofp similar rights. Des pots and the upholders of despotism coalesced— they united to emulate thea la ttempt of CANUTE popular and arrest the advance of r encroachments. But they could not proclaim aloud their'ntention. Such a declaration would have effectually ico annihilated , they their prospects and rung their death-knelr the could not declare their antagonism to popular liberty. T he y could not w hisper a spread, of hope of bringing back the times that were. They cautiously dissembled all this —the y onl y p roclaimed th emselves the antagonists of one individual—of him who was at once the offspring and the leader of the revolution. They declared war to the death against Aim, and for reasons the most plausible and apparently righteous. Patriotism, love of liberty, loyalty, self-defence, the most powerful sympathies were enlisted i n t h e i r b eha lf . Th ey crus hed him. From almost unlimited power he was reduced to a state of slavery; in place of hundreds of thou sands of admiring and adoring adherents, he was surrounded by half a dozen fellow-prisoners. The realm " which stretched from Moscow to the South ern seas ", was exchanged for a limited space of barren rock, and soon for a few yards of ground beneath a willow tree. The struggle was over— " after life's fitful fever he slept well." The victory was accomplished. Now regal diadems once more overshadowed smiling countenances, sceptres were clasped in hands that no longer trembled, feudal chiefs and the upholders of feudality rejoiced; they con gratulated themselves, not upon the overthrow of one individual. however powerful, but (in the vanity of their hearts) they congratulated themselves on the annihilation of revolutionary, i. e., of liberal principles. They believed, in their blindness, that the weeping willow waved not above the grave of one enemy alone, but above the spot where lay entombed all hopes antagonistic to the "right divine " of kings —a right which (according to its ordinary application) is incompatible with the " rights of men " or the " rights of nations." The feudal lords were mistaken, albeit for a time all seemed to favour their delusion. Europe was again portioned out in its old divisions, dethroned monarchs had their own again, and crowns were replaced on heads which had grown grey in exile. " Liberty " and " Equality" were, as forgotten words, never breathed even in a whisper ; the good old customs of the good old times came back, and in the precincts of royalty " all went merry as a marriage bell. But hush ! hark, what deep sound strikes like a rising knell ? Did ye not hear it ?" _ _ _ Did ye not hear it ? it spoke in a voice of thunder. The feudal lords have been mistaken. A man may be crushed by men, great though he be and puny though they be, individually; but a vital principle is essentially impassible. The 'story of CANUTE is no fable ; there are waters which will not recede, nor even remain stationary, at the mandate of King or Emperor. •Let us look around us now, on this fifteenth of August, 1848. Has the popular power diminished since 1821 ? Are hereditary kings more firmly established on their thrones since the grave of St. Helena closed over their most effectual foe ? On the contrary ; for the principles of which he was the exponent have gained strength since his de cease—they have developed with the course of time and the mental growth of man. And as an evidence of this development and maturity, we may cite the fact of the recent Revolution having been enabled to enunciate its principles, aye, and make them heard too, without enforcing that enunciation with the san glinary violence which was the conspicuous and melancholy characteristic of its predecessor. This 15th of August, which recalls to us the birth-day of NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, is, as we have seen, interest ing in a retrospective, in an immediate, and in a prospective point of view. Its retrospective in terest associates us with the memory of that extraordinary man—a man whose noblest mo nument is the daily increasing admiration and regard of those who during his lifetime were " the most powerful, the most constant, and (alas I not) the most generous of his enemies." Its present interest is occasioned by the peculiar position of France at this moment, and its prospective interest consists in the assurance which it holds out to us—an assurance based on such reflections as we have just been enume • rating—that liberal principles and popular power will progress as they have progressed, and triumph as they have triumphed, so that the present and all future revolutions, initiated by the popular will and supported by popular unanimity, will immeasurably exceed the efficacy and glory of their predecessors, although unaided by the energy and genius of a NAPOLEON. Germany has begun the work of her regeneration badly —she has accompanied the revival of her nationality with two acts of atrocious and lawless spoliation. Both these acts, moreover, are immediate emanations from the unprincipled and self-aggran dizing policy of the Prussian Government. They have both originated in the cupidity of conquest, which has been inseparable from the Cabinet of Berlin from the time of the Great FREDERICK downwards. Shall we name these two attempts at territorial absorption ? Are they not notorious to the whole of Christendom ? The integrity of the Danish dominions is assailed without the smallest provocation, in one direction ; the honour and the glory of the last shadow of Poland is insulted in another. Assuredly the ven geance of the more generous-hearted nations in Europe will descend upon the head of the robber. King, upon the councils of the accomplice statesman, upon the deliberations of the shameless Parliament, which have severally conceived, abetted, and enforced these infamous deeds of appropriation. If England remains passive while Schleswig is being amalgamated with Holstein, and while the independent duchy of Posen is being splin tered into mere provinces of the Germanic Confede ration, the remembrance of her indifference to the sacred rights of Denmark and Poland will press for ever upon her memory like a crime, and upon her conscience like a remorse. We cannot think, how ever, that England will act in a manner so derogatory to her greatness ; we cannot think that she will dege nerate from the arbiter of the destinies of the sur rounding races, into the accomplice of the atrocities committed by a daring monarch and an insensate Assembly. When the Spanish rulers evinced an incli nation to transform a temporary dictatorship into a permanent despotism, the representative of her Bri tannic MAJESTY protested against their unnatural effort at domination—and all those who read history aright rejoiced that the Administration of England endea voured even by these extraordinary means to preserve constitutional liberty to the Spaniards, to those Spaniards whose polititical emancipation was purchased by British blood, and British gold, and British bravery, and whose freedom was guaranteed by the stipulations of British diplomatists. When the neutrality of the Papal States was violated by the soldiers of Austria, when the garrison of the citadel of Ferrara pressed southwards beyond the frontiers of Lombardy, England protested against the unjustifiable interference with the arrangements of treaties and the rights of sove reigns. When the political factions of Portugal flew to arms among the fastnesses of Lusitania, England stretched the buckler of her mediation between the combatants, and prevented an unnecessary effusion of blood through the interposition of her plenipotenti aries. When, in fine, the diabolical tyranny of Naples—that tyranny which is incarnadined by the blood of free citizens slain by assassins among their household laves, and butchered by mercenaries under the sacred shelter of their rooftrees-;--when, we say, the diabolical tyranny of Naples evinces a de termination to murder the new-born, or rather the newly-revived nationality of Sicily, and to secure to itself the continued possession of that island at the expense of the lives and properties of its population, the heart of England leaps in its bosom with indignation, and the Government of England already betrays its determination to prevont this ebul lition of regal animosity. If, therefore, the Cabinet of the United Kingdom conceives itself to be justified in its interposition in favour of right against might, in the instances of Spain, of Portugal, of the Papal States, and of Sicily, when the acts of aggression are of comparative insignificance—is it just, is it honour able, is it seemly on the part of that same Cabinet to wink at the spoliations committed upon Denmark and upon Poland, without assuming a posi tion worthy of its dignity, or without expressing its abhorrence in the only language compatible with the reputation of the Anglo-Saxons ? It cannot be forgotten that almost immediately after the concessions made to the inhabitants of Posen, in consequence of their sympathy with the revolutionists of Berlin—the promises of FREDERIC WILHELM were broken—the inalienable rights of the duchy were set at defiance—the treaties of 1815, as well as the Royal proclamation of May 15 of the same year, were flagrantly cast to the four quarters of heaven —and a new partition of the Prussian remnant of Poland seemed to consummate the woes of that noble but ill-doomed land. On the 24th of March a Cabinet order appeared in the official journal of Berlin, pro mising the national re-organization of the whole Grand Duchy of Posen. On the 14th and 26th of the followin g April Cabinet orders of a directly con trary character were issued, announcing the dismem berment of the duchy and the absorption of a considerablec o p n orti r l atitz t th s e ino p e rov t i h n e c o o , s oonf the Germanic k 27th of July, this monstrous and audacious deed of iniquity received the acquiescence and approval of the German National Parliament assembled in solemn conclave in the Imperial city of Frankfort-on-the- Maine. In consequence of these dastardly and in solent proceedings on the part of Prussia, and sub sequently on the part of United Germany, the Posen Deputies at the Diet of Berlin have solemnly pro tested before GOD and man, and have sent copies of their protest to the French National Assembly, as well as to the Diets of Frankfort, Berlin, and Vienna. In another column of this evening's impression of The Sun will be found the whole of this important and patriotic document, in which six teen of the noble compatriots of Kosciussto cry out in voices of mingled agony and wrath against the First German Popular Parliament which " sanctions the political murder of a whole nation, and,' that it should not rise again, presses en its giant tombstone with the whole weight of a representation of 40,000,000 of Germans !" At an early opportunity we shall enter more fully into the consideration of the cause which has so long been aided by the chivalrous enthusiasm of Lord DUDLEY STUART, and in doing so we shall direct attention to a remarkable work on the Sclavonic races recently written by the Count VALERIAN KRASINSKI. At present we content ourselves with noticing the protest of the Posen Deputies, and with branding with the horror of England the two odious acts of spoliation with which Germany has commenced the work of her regeneration. The great desideratum of the present day is, that there should be a currency adequate to the national wants, and sufficient to afford the means of keeping the real capital of every country—its productive labours—in full and constant employment. It sig nifies little of what that currency may consist, whether it should possess intrinsic value or not, provided it be generally received as a medium of exchange, and that the public are satisfied to receive it. at its nominal or conventional value. It is not the quantity of gold in a pound sterling that is looked to, or in any degree considered by the parties receiving it in exchange for their commodities or their labour, but the certainty that, it will again be re ceived from them when they in turn become buyers ; in fact, that it possesses a " purchasing power." This general acceptance is what gives the currency its actual value, and it will not be depreciated so long as the public are satisfied that it is based on real wealth, of whatsoever description that wealth may be of which it is the representative, and which may at any time be made available for its liquidation or redemp tion. There is no possible, reason why a currency based on land should not maintain its value, at least as steadily, if not more so, than one based on the precious metals ; still better, and less subject to fluc tuation, would be one issued by the nation, and secured on all its available resources—on the wealth, the industry, the good faith of the people. There could be no possible danger to the holder of such a currency. It would at least rest upon an equally safe foundation as our national debt, and if its issue were guarded with due diligence, and at all times proportioned to the actual demand, so as to maintain the purchasing power of a pound sterling as nearly as possible at an equal value, we should no longer see those violent alternations that defeat the most wise and prudent calculatious, bring our mer chants and manufacturers to the verge of bankruptcy, and deprive our operatives of that fair employment by which they are enabled to support their families by their own honest industry. At present, owing to the artificial restrictions that are imposed by the baleful operation of the Bank Charter Act, the circulating medium of the country is far below its actual wants, and every description of in dustry languishes for want of proper nutriment. There is a constant jealousy subsisting between the different classes, each supposing that the other absorbs more than its due share of the general fund. The merchant and the manufacturer rail at the railway proprietor, supposing that the amount expended in the construction of new lines is so much taken from commerce or manufacture. There is really an abundance for all, if it were not limited by the provisions of our monetary code. There is ample capital in the country, but, unfor tunately, there is no fitting representative there for. That which alone is received as such being in sufficient for the wants of all, a scramble is occasioned among the various classes which artificially enhances the value of money, keeps up the rate of interest at a price which retards, or rather prevents production, the profits of the manufacturer not being sufficient to afford the high price demanded for the necessary pe cuniary accommodation, and thus keeping the labourer, whether skilled or unskilled, from obtaining employment. That scrambling can, however, no more help our wants " than (as LOCKE in his consi derations on money remarked) the pulling of a short coverlid will among children that lie together pre serve them from the cold ; some must starve, unless the father of the family provide better, and enlarge the scanty covering." This, then, should be the end and object of all, more particularly of the industrious and productive classes, wits lie on the outside, and from whom the corner of the covering which falls to their let is first withdrawn on any movement of the other more favoured children. A respected correspondent, who signs himself H. C. ARGENT, and from whom a communication will be found in another part of our impression this day, writes that " distribution is better than division." There are no means by which the doctrines of com munism and socialism can so effectually be checked as by affording that fair and just distribution that will afford to all who deserve it a certain portion of the " coverlid," however small. They will then hope by degrees to obtain more, and will not call for a separation of their common covering into a portion for each, which will not then be sufficient to protect any from the cold; but if those in the most favourable positions try to secure all for th emselves, and com pletely to strip the outliers, then, indeed, it is more than probable that the latter will retaliate, and perhaps deprive the greedy parties of what they would gladly be suffered to ret a i n if t h ey acted more equitably and more liberally in the first instance. SPAIN. Madrid papers to the 9th instant inclusively have arrived. About the end of this August the Duchess of MONTPENSIEE is expected to be confined at Seville. M. LESSEPs, the French Charge d'Affaires, had re fused to proceed to Seville to be present at the accouchement. The Prussian and Brazilian Ambas sadors had, however, accepted the invitation. Letters from Bayonne of the 10th instant mention the execution, by order of the Carlist Chief Cos- TINOS, of a girl of 17 and her brother, for having been the bearer of dispatches of the authorities of Tarra gona to one of the QUEEN'S officers. On the 3d an encounter took place near Junqueras, on the French frontier, between a battalion of Chasseurs and 270 Carlists, in which the latter had 10 killed and 20 wounded. GONZALES BRAVO has been allowed a foreign passport, so that he is saved his trip to the Philippines. General SERRANO has resigned the Captain. Ge. neraiship of Grenada. The Carlists still occasionally show themselves, but their efforts are not formidable. Three per Cents. 19/ buyers, sellers; Five per Cents. 10i buyers, 11 sellers. Passive Debt 3i, 4 sellers. Foreign ditto, 3i sellers. Bank Shares, 4$ to 50 buyers. Discount on Notes, 5} to /. PORTUGAL. --- Letters and papers from Lisbon to the Qth, from Oporto to the 10th, and from Vigo to the 11th, have arrived by the steam-ship Jupiter. At Lisbon there were left her Majesty's steamer Merlin and the usual Portuguese squadron. At Oporto was her Majesty's steamer Orient. As a token of the political liberty enjoyed in Por tugal, we may mention that a young Spaniard, of the name of Acuicax, a son of AGUILAR, who was Spanish Minister here some years ago, has been sum marily ordered to leave Portugal by the Government. It seems that his offence was having scribbled some republican poetry of his own in the album kept at Victor's Hotel, at Cintra. The discount on Bank notes was 39 per cent. Ex change on London, 30 days' sight, 521; 90 days' date, .52a. Little business done.- E itn isum.—ln the account of the Great Northern Railway meeting, in our paper of yesterday, we stlted in the engineers' report " that the works now in oourse of execution extend over 17 miles." It should read "171" miles. DUIILIN.—In Dublin there is a certainty of har mony, in one form at least. Mdlle. Jenny Lind has ac cepted an engagement to perform at the Theatre in the operas of La Figlia, Sonnambula, Puritani, Lucia, &c. She will have in her suite Belletti, Roger, F. La blache ; with Balfe, Platti, Zeiss, Lavigne, L'Anglois, Remusat, Nadaud, and other first-rate instrumentalists. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. The Paris journals of yesterday have reached us in due course. They continue to comment at consi derable length upon the position of affairs in Italy. The opinion we recently entertained respecting CHARLES ALBERT is confirmed. The Parisians begin to look upon him not only as ambitious, but a little bit of a braggart. Talking so largely as he did about what he would do to the Austrians, sup posing they dared to march upon Milan, and then coolly turning tail and yielding up to them, almost without a blow, the whole of Lombardy. The contrast between the would-be King of Italy and the last monarch who wore the iron crown of CHARLEMAGNE, is too striking to be lost sight of by a Frenchman. It is even said that CHARLES ALBERT had a larger force than RADETZIET, and spared his own men under the fallacious impression that France would march at once to his assistance, when it received the account of the fall of Milan; and that immediately on the combination of the Piedmontese and French armies, the Germans would easily be driven from Lombardy, and beyond the Car pathian mountains. It is certain, as has been said by one writing from Paris, " never did a man gain a fine kingdom more easily, or lose it more stupidly." The bubble of the KIWI'S ambition has burst. Perhaps another will rise in an hour to dazzle anew the imaginations of the Italians. To-day being the feast of the Assumption the Bourse and public offices will be closed, and there will be no meeting of the National Assembly. To France also the day is for ever memorable, as being the anniversary of the birth of her wonderful and immortal hero, NAPOLEON. The National states that M. MORGAN (we presume that Mr. O'GoENLAN is meant), one of the leaders in the insurrectional movement of Ireland, has succeeded in escaping to France, and has landed at Havre. It is stated that BARB ES is dangerously ill in the Fort of Vincennes, and is attended by one of his sis ters, who never leaves him. The Pairie of yesterday evening gave the following paragraph, which has been copied by several of the journals of this day " England has consented to enter with France on the path of mediation, but she does not wish to have with the French Government any written communication as to the affairs of Italy, and particularly as regards the intervention. She has sent Mr. Bulwer, her former ut, Madrid, to Communicate her decisions to the French Minister of Foreign Affairs. This diplomatist arrived in Paris on Monday last, and left on the follow ing evening. lie declared in the name of England that she was opposed to any armed intervention, either now or hereafter." It was rumotrod yesterday in Paris that the chief of the Executive Government was about to send in his resignation. It is scarcely necessary to say that the report was without the smallest shadow of foundation. On this paragraph Galiriani Messenger remarks : " We can assert in the most positive way that, with the exception of the fact of Mr. Bulwer's visit to Paris, there is not a word of truth in the above paragraph. Mr. Bulwer's momentary presence in this capital was solely on private business. He had no mission from his Go vernment of any kind, and we have even reason to be lieve that the Government was not aware that ho had left England for France." The investigation into the attempt to assassinate M. THIERS is being proceeded with. On Saturday the juge d'instruction and a commissary of police ex amined the spot. Front the information already ob tained it appears that two attempts to assassinate ,THIERs have been made—one, that which took place on - the sth, and which has already been recorded ; the second occurred on the 3d, when a shot was fired at the window of the house of M. CHBVREUX, which it is presumed was mistakenfor that of Ai. THIERS, and the window for that of his room. The marks on the window-frame and the looking glass are supposed to have been caused by pieces of cut balls fired from a house in construction in the Rue d'Aumale. A ball was also found in the garden, beneath the window. Considerable attention is fixed on a Bill to be at once brought before the Assembly, for the purpose of enabling debtors and creditors to make friendly ar rangements without the necessity of intervention by the bankrupt courts. The Delia, says that unless this Bill pass, the most ruinous amount of failures must take place,, , An official list is published by the Moniteur of the number of insurgents still confined in the prisons and fortresses of :Paris, from which it appears that the number is 8,258. This is independently of the 500 sent to Brest, and the 1,250 set at liberty. The fol lowing is the classification of the insurgents who are already sent from Paris to be transported : —5B cabinet-makers, 43 locksmiths, smiths, or mechanics, 42 labourers, 32 engravers or workmen in cop per, 24 masons or stone-cutters, 22 clerks or shopmen, 16 tinmen or coppersmiths, 15 copper-plate printers, 13 tanners or leather- workers, 11 servants, 10 guarde mobiles or republicaines, 9 cooks, 9 house painters, 8 tailors, 8 artists, 8 jewellers, 7 con cierges, 6 grocers, 5 wine merchants, 5 bakers, 4 guardians of Paris, 4 carpenters, 2 limonadters, 3 lodgers, 1 proprietor, 1 architect, 1 short-hand writer, 1 hotnme de lettres, 1 Polish interpreter, 18 strangers, Piedmontese, Prussians, Belgians, &c., and the rest profession unknown. 42 of these are under 20 years of age, 2 are only 15, 77 from 20 to 25, 100 from 25 to 30, 177 from 30 to 35, 60 from 35 to 40, 58 from 40 to 45, 50 from 45 to 50, 21 from 50 to 55, 7 from 55 to 60, and ,4 from 60 upwards. The Courrier Francais, which has been almost systematically opposed to an alliance between France and England, now acknowledges the importance of such an alliance, and shows that it is the interest of England, as well as that of France, that a good un derstanding should exist. Colonel DUMOULIN, at one, time officier d'ordonnance of the Emperor NAPOLEON who was arrested on suspicion of being concerned in the insurrection of June, has been set at liberty, it having been proved not only that no charges could be established against him, but that he had offered his services to General LAMORICIIIIIII in the cause of order. The Colonel, it may be remembered, played an important part in the revolution of February, B --- OURSE — YAIiDI, MONDAY, AUGUST 14. THREE o'CLocL.—There has be e n a grea t r i se i n th e Rentes and Railways to-day, and the Bourse appeared more cheerful than it has been for a long time past. The general feeling was that the pea ce o f E urope wou ld not be disturbed in consequence of the defeat of Charles Albert. The success of the Loan had also a favourable effect. For the Account, the Three per ;f.F2sivee per Cents. h a v e ri sen if. . For Money the Three per Cents. 2Csecn.t;s.L h hoa a av v n e e h r ra i i :see risen 5 . ; c Five per Cents. have risen If. 50c.; Loan is at 72f. 250.; Bons du Tresor are at 93 discount; Bank of France Shares have risen 15f.; Belgian Bank Shares not quoted; Five per Cents. have risen 2f.; Spanish Funds not quoted; Roman has risen f per cent.; and Rothschild s Receipts have risen 1 per cent. Exchange on London (30 d a y s ) , 25 35; ditto (90 days), 25 27i. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Ava. 14. Northern of F rance , sk—Or leans and Amiens,a L nd iege4_ 0 4—ltali an an d A ustr i an , i 1A — leans and Bourdeaax, I X—Sambre and Meuse, 21/a. GERMANY AND THE NORTHERN STATES. AUSTRIA. Accounts from Vienna to the 7th describe the splendid fel4ivities in that city in celebration of the victories gained by the German troops in Lombardy. A grand parade of the troops and National Guards constituted the chief attraction in these festivities. The deputation of the Austrian Diet to the EM PEROR, at lnnspruck, had communicated the result of their journey to that assembly. On the morning of the nth, the Emperor of AUSTRIA took his departure from that place for Vienna, accompanied by the whole of his family. AUSTRIAN FILINDS.—VIENNA., Are 7. 5 per Cents. .. • • •• • • •** • 23 , 4 per Cent..... • 1 per Cent..... .. . Loan, 1534.... ••••••••• • • • • • • • • • •• • • 116 Ditto, 1 83 9..........................85 Bank Shares • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1,060 Esterhazy's Loan •••• • • • • ••••••• • • •• • • RAILWAYS. The Northern.. • • • • Gloggnitz .. •••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • 9 7 Venice.3lllan • • ••••••••••• • • •• • • • • • • 66 Leghorn • . ... •.••••••• • • • • • • • • • . . 70 Apennine.... • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • 95 PRUSSIA. News from Berlin is of the 11th instant. The Army Gag g ing Bill had been carried in the Diet by are yamajority of only one-180 to 179 . Hopes again wit hDeenntmeratarkineadboouft thethesenttuleombieenat of the quarrel Schleswig and Holstein by negotiation. The KING was to leave Potsdam on the evening of the 11th ; he will sleep at Magdebourg, and then proceed direct to Cologne to-morrow. His MAJESTY will take up his quarters at Bruhl, and return to Sans Souci upon the 16th or 7th. M. BUNSEN and the Minister of the Interior will probably accompany the KING. The latter is a Rhinelander, or long em ployed in the Rhenish provinces. On the 10th, his MAJESTY received the President of the Cabinet, VoN AUEESWALD, the Prime Minis ter, Baron VoN SCIIRECKENSTEIN GIERKE KUHL- W . ETTER, at Sans - Souci, where he was engaged with bim in business for some time. PRUSSIAN FU.NDS.—BARLiN, Avo. 11. St.Schuld Sch., 3% per Cent •••••• • • • •• 73% PrumEnglish Bonds. 1830,4 per Cent•• •••• Foreign Exchanges On London . • • On Hatnbargh .... ••••..• . • • • • • • .... 151 v. On Faris BELGIUM. Letters from Brussels of the 13th have arrived. Great preparations were making for the inaugura tion of the equestrian statue of GODFREY DB BOUII, LoN, on Wednesday, the 15th of November. ANTWERP, AuG. 12.—Exchange on London, 25 45. Journal d' Anvers, Aug. 13. FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAINE. The debate in the sitting of the German Parlia ment on , the 11th inst., was upon the motion that " The National Assembly votes the sum of 2,000 florins (1651.) as a monthly remuneration for the President, the month to be reckoned from the day of election, and the disbursement to be made from the Imperial Treasury. At the same time the Assembly debars the President the right of renouncing this emolument." Scarcely 200 out of 650 members were present; yet after a somewhat interesting dis cussion, the motion of the right and custom for the grant of the 2,000 florins was carried by an over whelming majority. GRAND DUCHY OF POSEN. The battalions of the Landwehr have been dis missed to their respective homes in consequence of the prolonged tranquillity of the province. The act of dismissal was announced to the inhabitants by a proclamation published in the Posen papers, from General BRUNNECK, the military commander of the Duchy. The General adds, that a sufficient force will remain in the province to repress any violation of the public peace which malevolent individuals might dare to commit. POLAND. Count ScuLix has announced officially that Count STADION, at his own request, has been relieved from his duties as Governor, and that the Privy Councillor ZALOWSKT has been appointed Governor of Cracow and Galicia.—Aiz-la-Chappelle Gazette, Aug. 13. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. Scarcely any change has occurred in the position of affairs in Schleswig. The armies of the bellige• rents are still standing face to face—prepared for battle—hut tarrying for reinforcements. The Kolner Zeitung has a letter from Berlin of the 12th, asserting that Prussia has again been commis sioned by the Powers that be at Frankfort, to con clude another armistice with Denmark. The com mission is so far limited that the conditions of the former abortive armistice shall not be thought of, but that both duchies ahall bo occupied by General WRANGEL and his forces. Mr. V. USEDON ha, been appointed to conduct the negotiations with Denmark. CIRCASSIA. The constantly reported asserted defeats of the Russian troops in Circassia, and the capture of their fortresses is now set at rest by the official report of General Prince AUGUSTINSXI, who at the head of a detachment of the Dagestan army laid siege to and stormed the so-called impregnable fortress of Gergebil, the stronghold of SCHAMYL BET, on the 18th of July. The loss of this fortress, constructed with care by foreign engineers, and defended by a picked garrison, who had sworn to die in its defence, will be most serious, and may lead to the destruction of the Circassian cause. ITALY. Tranquillity is said to prevail at Milan, but owing to a delay in the dispatch of the mails, the news from that quarter is scanty. Little as it is, however, it is sufficiently significant. Prince SCHWARTZENBERG i 5 installed as military governor of the city, and Field- Marshal RADETZKY has }iced his head•quarters at the palace of the Duke of LITTA, CHARLES ALBERT, undismayed by his reverses, has issued from his head quarters at Vigevano two proclamations, one to the army and one to the people, which are filled with a hopeful enthusiasm. The former concludes with the emphatic adjuration "Let us not despair, and let every one do his duty." The Grand Duke of TUSCANY has declared his intention of uniting his fortunes with those of CHARLES ALBERT, and he has readily accepted the amicable offers of England and France. Baron Rlccssom_ having failed in f o r m i ng a Mi . nistry, the former Ministers, Counts Itivoirt and BALDRASSARONI, have resumed office. Investigations are taking place at Turin as to the causes of the capitulation of Milan. The Sardinian Minister of War has given an explanation which makes it apparent that the capitulation was an act of that prudence which is the Letter part of valour. The PorE, it is said, has solicited the mediation of the Archduke JonN. Several communications of a very interesting cha racter respecting recent occurrences in Lombardy are inserted in the French papers of yesterday. We translate a few of them into our columns. For example, the following letter has been addressed to the Debats, under date of the Bth, from Vigo vano : Our army is rallying and organising. The King, seconded by his two sons, is still at its head. Despite the profound affliction of Charles Albert, his calm and dig nified bearing in the midst of the critical circumstances in which we are placed, inspires the troops with con fidence and the people with the greatest enthuaiasm. Colonel Cassato returned yesterday from Milan, with the consent of Radetzky to a preliminary armistice c,f three days and an exchange of prisoners made during the war. Whether right or wrong, for it is not easy to ascertain the truth, General St. Marsan, the chief of the military intendance, as well as General Sommariva and others, have been dismissed. As the line of the Tessino does not present a good defence, it is to ba presumed that our head-quarters will be first removed to Candle, and then to Alexandria, where imposing forces are assembled. In the meantime Marshal Radetsky, who had, according to the terms of the capitulation, gua ranteed the lives and properties of the people of Milan, and who had promised, so far as possible, to forget the past, has returned to his old system of intimidation and persecution. Scarcely installed in his palace of Bor remeo, he has in the plenitude of his power flung three thunderbolts at the head of the poor vanquished—mar tial law, an immediate levy of all men able to bear arms from 18 ro 49, and an injunction for the prompt re;;; of all fugitives under pain of confiscation of property, within eight days. What a fine commentary on the promises of pardon and forgetfulness. Four-fifths of the nobility and bourgeoisie had fled. Tho lower orders with the anarchists alone hail the return of the Aus trians, and it is the abject portion of the population that offered such outrage to the King and his soldiers. It is they who upon the entry of the Austrians devastated the town, sacked the custom-house, and the Litta, Vallanti, Visconti. and other palaces." The 111Faisere guarantees the following communi cation from Turin of the 9til : " The Milanese conducted themselves in the most un heard-of manner, and the exasper a ti on f e lt aga i nst t h em in Piedmont and in Savoy has reached the highest pitch. Daring the battle Charles Albert received no effective support from them ; they were too much oc cupied with their own intestine dissensions. The King sent for the leaders of the Committee of Public Safety, and declared to them that if they threw upon his shoulders the whole weight of the war, Milan would soon be seized. Some hours after this, these very chiefs of the Committee of Public S a fety presented a project of capitulation to Radetzky, without the knowledge of Charles Albert. Radetsky refused to sign the ca pitulation unless with the King's . ratification. It was then that they brought the capitulation to Charles Albert, who expressed surprise and dissatisfaction, saying, I cannot defend you in spite of yourselves.' After this the Ultra-Republicans arrived to complain of the capitu lation of the King. Who are you?' he asked. The chiefs of your Government capitulated without my knowledge. Agree amongst yourselves and show me what it is the majority desire. We are ready, if they desire it, to fight to the last extremity.' They asked 24 hours to collect signatures, and at the end of th at t i me brought back 1 50 . The King said, It is all over; Milan is lost by your own fault.' The fury of these men, who had not shown courage in presence of the Austrians, turned against Charles Albert ; an d at the moment the army was retreating, they fired at the King, and it is said wounded two of his Aides-de-Camp. It re quired a charge of cavalry to rescue the Duke of Genoa. So great is the terror at Milan that the steam-host plying between Uri and Lucerne has, for the last thte days, been filled with Lombard refugees. Radetelcy gave Charles Albert 48 hours to evacuate Milan, with a promise that he would not pursue hi s army, and that henceforth the question was between the Cabinets of Vienna and that of Turin." --- mARLBRO'-STREET-(THIS DAY.) John Whelan, a man upon crutches, was placed be fore Mr. Bingham, charged with being drunk and creating a disturbance in the house of Owen Swift, the Three Horse Shoes, Tichborne-street, Piccadilly. Mr. Owen Swift said, on the preceding night, about half-past eleven, the defendant came into his parlour and sat himself down. He had not been there many minutes when he got up, and taking up one of his crutches, flourished it over his head, and, with an oath, swore he would break any one's skull who dared to say a word against Smith O'Brien. His uncle was Sir Patrick Whelan, and a regular Orangeman and Repealer ; he (defendant) was one also. Defendant was becoming so exceedingly annoying and troublesome, that witness was obliged to put him out, and give him in charge. The defendant, who made a rambling defence, was ordered to find ono surety, and to enter into his own reeognizances, to k eep t h e peace towards complainant for the next three months. ART-UNION EXHIBITION.—Yesterday the annual exhibition of the works' of art selected by the prime holders in the Art-union commenced at the Gillery of British Painters, Suffolk -street, Pall-mall. The public are to be admitted the first three weeks by tickets, to be obtained at all the principal printsellers, and the last week without any restriction. SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY ETENING.—The Jupiter arrived here this evening with the Peninsular mails. Her dates are Gibraltar, Aug. 4; Cadiz, sth ; Lisbon, 9th ; Oporto, 10th ; Vigo, 11th. She brings twenty passengers, seventy-seven packages of specie, and u general cargo of fruit, wine, &c. Lisbon was quiet. There was a report that the Queen had been fired at at Cintra. Exchange on London, thirty days, 52t to k ; ditto, ninety days, ni to Little business was doing. --- MARKET NEWS.-(THIS DAY.) COLONIAL. StIGAR.—The market for British Plantation con tinues heavy, only 230 hhds having been disposed of at rather lower prices. The public sales have comprised 6,000 bags Mauritius, 4,500 bags Bengal, and 1,100 bags Madras, which nearly all sold at steady rates. Low to good yellow Bengal realised 37s 6d to 43s 6d, low to fair brown Madras 29s to 31s 6d, and low yellow 333 6d to 34s per cwt. being for latter 6d decline. CoFFEE.— 636 bags Plantation Ceylon, and 203 casks 12 barrels Cuba were offered by auction. The former realised previous rates, but the latter being available only fur exportation, sold with animation at full prices, low to good mid 39s to 45s per cwt. RICE.-1,100 bags Madras, 230 bags Java, and 3,000 bags Manilla, were offered by auction. The Madras and Java brought a further slight advance, but the Ma nilla was all withdrawn above its relative value. SALTPETRE.-670 bags Bengal was about half sold at 25s to 253 6d for si per cent, refraction, being the previous currency. SPICES.-330 bags Malabar Pepper at auction was all taken in, there being no disposition evinced to give former prices. TALL . ow.—P.Y.C. is 44s to 44s 3d per cwt. on the spot, and town 46. 6d. TEA.—The market is steady. HAY In.A.IIMETS. SMITIIFIELD.—OId Meadow Hay, 31 t• 4/ ; Now ditto, 2/ 53 to 3/ 10s; Old Clover, 41 4s to 51; New ditto, 3! 101 t• 41 10s ; and Straw, 11 4s to 11 lOs per load. Trade dull, at but little alteration in prices. CUMBERLAND.—OId Meadow Hay, 31 3s to 41; New ditto, 21 5s to 31 lOs ; Old Clover, 41 to 41 15s ; New ditto, 31 5s to 41 8s; and Straw, 116 s to 11 103 per load. A moderate supply, and a sluggish demand. WIIITECHAPEL.—OId Meadow Hay, 31 to 41; New ditto, 2/ 5s to 3/ 35; Old Clover, 41 to 5/; New ditto 31 to 41; and Straw, 1/ 4s to 11 105 per load. Supply good, and trade dull. COAL MARKET.—YssntiDAT. Davison'sWest Hartley 14s 3d Haswell 175 ed Dean's Primrose ...... 135 3d Hetton ... l7. 3d East Adairs Main..... 12. 6d Larabton Hasting's Hartley l4s 3d Russell's Ilettoa ...... 17. 0,1 Original Tanfield Ord's Redheugh Pontop Windsor .... ; 12. 9d Whitweli Tanfield Moor .... ..... 14s ed Caradoe . ... Penfield Moor Butes... 125 9d Hartlepool Wall's End, &c. !Hudson's Hartlepool l6s 3u Acorn Close Clarke and Co. Ella Park Gosforth .. .. Hilda Walker Wharnelife ...... ...... 16s Od Derwentwater Hartley 145 Od Lambton Primrose ... 16s 30 Howard's W. 11. Neth. 14s 3d Belmont .... 165 6d Skips at market...lo3. Bell SIR JAMES ANDERSON'S STEAM CARRIAGE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—In the Sun of the. 4th inst. I observe a commu nication from Mr. Thomas Motley, C.E., upon the sub ject of Sir James Anderson's steam carriage for common roach, in which he states that Sir James had arrived at perfection, or very nearly so, and that he has no doubt of the success of the invention. It would have been de sirable it' Mr. Motley had given in detail the results of his inspection of the "steam horse;" for without this it will be difficult, if not impossible, to convince the public that this attempt on the part, of the patentee will nut end like his former ones—in failure. An advocate myself for steam en common roads, I am far from desirous of detracting from the merits of Sir James Anderson's inventions ; on the contrary, his un conquerable perseverance under so many discouraging circumstances deserves support; yet I cannot but think that, however perfect his contrivances are, they must fail, from the enormous amount of friction to be over come, from the imperfection of the road surface, and consequent wear and tear of the working parts of the engine. _ _ _ To succeed with steam on common roads, the subject must be dealt with in a manner different from that to which inventors have hitherto turned their attention; the effort must be to reduce friction, and not to create a power to overcome it, fur even if power can be created in the requisite space, the cost attending it must at once put the subject out of consideration in a commercial point of view. More than this, lam of opinion that the following objects must be accomplished:- 1. The condition of the road surface must be of small consequence to the economical action of the engine. 2. The arrangement of the springs should be such that there cannot be any violent strains► in the working parts of the engine. 3. Inclines so steep as 1 in 15 must be overcome with out the necessity of creating extra bite, by the addition of more weight than would be required upon the level. Now, Sir James Anderson's invention does not accom plish these conditions, nor am I aware of any invention, yet publicly tried, that has done. I believe, however, that these objects have been attained and patented by Mr. Henry Wrigg, C.E., who did me the farour of show ing a large•sized model of his:invention, which was put through various severe tests. This model was afterwards exhibited, and its properties illustrated before the insti tution of civil engineers, of Dublin, in May last, and I believe is on the point of being submitted to trial on a larger scale, which I am of opinion will be attended with perfect success. Mr. Wrigg seems to have devoted his attention alto. gether to the essential conditions which I before stated were, in my opinion, necessary; and, to illustrate them, I cannot do better than give you an extract from the pa tentees description of his carriage, which is as follows: " The principle of construction which I use is that of making every description of carriage carry its own rails, but instead of the wheels (as in ordinary carriages) mov ing on rails, I reverse the condition, and make the rails slide upon wheels, which are supported on pedestals, attached to, and forming part of an endless chain or belt, revolving upon drums in such a manner us to present to the rails a continuous succession of bearing wheels; the rails being immovably fixed tothe bottom of the carriage. The bases of the pedestals can be constructed of such an extent, without any increase of friction, (except so far as the additional weight is concerned,) as to present an area to the surface on which it rests, incapable of being forced into it, by any ordinary weight placed on the carriage; in this way the passage of enormous loads over imperfect roads is accomplished with the same facility as if the surface was perfectly sound. " I am also enabled to ascend steep inclines without the necessity of adding weight to create bite, and the total amount of friction I calculate so low as lfilbs per ton, at 2i miles an hour; this being constant whether the road surface is in repair or not." Now, according to Mr. Motley this friction is about half of that which Sir James Anderson has to deal with under the most favourable .condition; yet I am aware that Mr. Wrigg does not pretend to ascend an incline of 1 in 23, with a gross load of 21 tons, at a greater speed than one mile an hour; the power of his engine being 2,2501b5. How limited then must be the load which Sir James Anderson's engine can convey at 4 Liles an hour, upon an incline of I i❑ 20, with an imper fect road surface, notwithstanding that the engine, water, and fuel are to weigh only 3 tons and its, pourer equal to 3,000/6s. I am, Sir, your obedient sorvant, London, August 1848. CHAS. WEEKES, C.E. THE QUEEN DOWAGER'S BIRTHDAY.--yesterday the anniversary of the birth of her Majesty Queen Adelaide, who completed her fifty-sixth year on Sun day, the 13th instant, was celebrated with the cus tomary rejoicings ii the metropolis, and at the royal residence, Bushy Park. The royal standard was dis played on the public buildings, the tower, and the steeples of the churches of St. Martin's-in-the fields and St. Margaret's, Westminster. In the evening her Majesty' Theatre and the houses of the royal trades people were illuminated. The customary rural Ike at Bushy Perk was postponed in consequence of the state of the weather. The day was celebrated in Windsor by joyous peals on the bells of St. John's Church, and also on the bells of St. George's Chapel, in the Castle, but previous to divine service in both instances. The customary firing of guns was postponed until one o'clock yesterday, when royal salutes were fired from the Belvidere battery at Virginia Water, and also from the corporation guns in the town. IMPORTATION Or CIDER.—The arrivals of this refreshing summer beverage from the Channel Islands continue to take place in considerable quantities. A vessel just arrived from Jersey and Guernsey has brought a large number of casks of this article, the produce of those places. FOREIGN MOLAMS.—A vessel has arrived from Cienfuegas de Cuba with 255 puncheons and 44 tierces of this article on board, comprising an entire cargo, the produce of that place. The arrival of an entire cargo of foreign molasses is an event of uncommon occurrence. A GENTLEMAN CADET DROWNED.--About five on Saturday evening, two gentlemen cadets, Mr. C. F. Birch and Mr. H. Heberden, belonging to the practical class Studying in the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, went down to the bathing-place of the canal in the Royal Arsenal to bathe. This was contrary to the regulations, as the ca dets bathe altogether at four o'clock, under proper con trol, and bathing at other times is forbidden. Mr. Birch had not been in the water long before he sank. His companion, Mr. Heberden, was so paralysed that he had not presence of mind to give an alarm; but a police constable, who was returning from the lock-gates of the canal, perceived his agitated appearance, and ascertained from him the disappearance of his friend.' The dragv, which are kept at a considerable distance from the spot, were procured as speedily as possible, but three-quarters of an hour elapsed before the recovery of the body, and all attempts to restore animation were unsuccessful. The deceased was only 17 years of age, and had joined the practical class only on Tuesday last. His attention to his studies had been remarkable, for he only joined the academy about twelve months Since, and would, but for this' melancholy accident, have received his commis sioa in a very few months. SERMON Mr A COLOURED CLERGYMAN. —Yester day the Rev. A. Crowell, who is one of the four episco pally ordained African clergymen in the United States, by permission of the Bishop of the diocese, preached to a numerous congregation in St. George's, Evertor. Mr. Cruwell has visited England for the purpose of soliciting contributions towards the erection of an Episcopal church in New York for the negro population of ihat city, which amounts to between 20,000 and 30,000. He has found it impossible, in consequence of the untertu nate position of the coloured people in America, to ob tain sufficient funds for his undertaking in that country. He is a surprising instance of what an African can become by religious and literary cultivation, and his eloquent discourse produced a powerful effect upon his hearers, No collection was made, but we understand that the Rev. 4\fr. Ewbank will receive contributions in aid of the object which the Rey. Gentleman has in view. ---Liverpool 416i0n. " ' The Rocket steam-vessel, of iron construction, was docked this morning to have her bottom examined. She was coated twelve months since, oa one side of the bottom with the then newly-invented anti• corrosive composition of naphthaiaed pitch, and on the other with that preparation and red lead, in alternate streaks, zebra fashion, :in order to develop more perceptibly the advantages of those alleged p revent i ves of the growth and adhesion of rubbish, animalcules, &c., to the bottoms of iron vessels. Admiral Prescott, Mr. Murray, Mr. Finchew, and numerous other officers of eminence in, this establishment, made a survey of the results this afternoon, which was pronounced most satisfactory as regards the efficacy of Mr. Hay's valuable antidote. The . iron, coated with that officer's preparation, was free from all the adhesive substances that usually cling to j iron subject to the action of salt-water, except in here .11 and there a spot which had been imperfectly paid ; whereas the red•lead streaks were covered with weeds and grass some feet long, muscles, shrimps, barnacles, and every kind of impediment to sailing, independent of the great oxidation which had taken place. Mr. Flay is the chemical assistant to the master shipwright, and lecturer upon scientific subjects to the Royal Naval College. _ _ The Cyclops steam-frigate, Captain the Hon. G. F. Hastings, came into harbour this afternoon to b© laid up again among the advance steam squadron. Wind E.N.E., moderato breezes and haey weather, with frequent showers of heavy rain. • RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. CORK AND BANDON RAILWAY. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held on ' Wednesday at Cork; Major N. L. Beamish in the chair. The report stated that a minute calculation of the ex pense of constructing and opening the portion of the line from Bandon to the half-way house for traffic) (nearly ten miles in length), was about 96,0006, includ- . ing engines, carriages, and all the necessary expenses. The engineer's report stated, that, on the opening of the railway to Ballinhassig, the conveyance of the pas sengers and light goods between that station and Cork should be undertaken by the company, as the extent of traffic on the Bandon end of the line would be governed by the facilities and accommodation afforded to the public for completing the remaining distance to and from Cork ; with this view .he recommended that the most convenient and expeditious conveyances should be provided for performing-the common road part of the journey between Cork and Bandon. From the exten sive traffic existing on the Cork half of the line, he felt • convinced that this mode of conveyance alone would be found remunerative. The public would then be carried the whole distance between Cork and Bandon in less than halt the time at present occupied by the several coaches. There were now about 600 men employed on the line, and at the present rate of progress the Bandon half of the lino could be completed by October next. The accounts to the 30th of June showed that 02,8411. had been received, and 88,25101. expended, leaving a ba lance in hand of 4,1821. The CHAIRMAN said, the tisae had arrived when it was unnecessary for them to persuade persons into • good opinion of the project. Several persons hid re cently visited the line, and were surprised at the extent of the works and the effective manner in which they had been executed. Opinions had formerly been expressed in respect to the Kilpatrick tunnel, which it was confi dently asserted could never be finished; but it was now completed, and at a very moderate cost. The Bandon road •bridge, which they were told should be pulled down, was executed, and instead of being a nuisance, was • public convenience. The Bandon-river-bridge, which was declared to be a gewga w , was tested—one of the , trusses alone having sustained a weight of 211 tons without deflecting more than three-eighths of an ineb. He was much gratified at the conduct of the trades. , people and labourers along the line avoiding disaffee• tion, which afforded one of several proofs that remune rative .; employment was only required to secure peace and tranquillity in the country. This, he hoped, would not be lost sight of by the Government in inducing them to aid the railw a y s . . 1 The SECRETARY stated that 10,0001. would enable them to finish one-half of the line. Resolutions were passed adopting the report and con firming the forfeiture of 511 shares. After a vote of thanks to the Chairman, the meeting z separated. • ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COWAN'S-GARDEN. . Among the visitors who honoured the performance last evening with their presence were his Dxcellency the American Minister and Mrs. Bancroft, his Excellency the Danish Minister and Countess Reventlow, his Serene Highness Prince Metternich and Princess Melanie Metternich, the Duke and Duchess of Beau fort and the Ladies Somerset, tho Marquis of Tichfield, the Marquis and Marchioness of Aylesbury, the Mar chioness of Westmeath and Mrs. Lousada, Earl Comp ton, the Countess Dowager of Essex, and Miss John stone, Sir John and Lady Walsh, the Countess Braco loni, Earl eadogau and the Ladies Cadogan, Earl of Stamford and Warrington, Eurl Granville, Earl Shel burne, Viscount Exmoutk, Lady Charlotte Denison. Lady Georgina Cudrington, Tiasount Clifden, Viscount Morpeth, Lady Augusta Scott and Mrs. Scott, Mr. and Lady Louisa Tennyson, Lord Bateman, Lord Ward, Lord and Lady Carington, Sir Jasper and Lady At kinson, Sir Francis and Lady Law ley, Lady Morgan. Ludy Webster, Lady Macdonald, Hon. A. Willoughby. Hon. G. Milks, Miss Mount, Hon. IL Stanhope, Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Ashburnbam, lion. G. Cadogan, Sir U. Webb, Sir W. de Bathe, Baroness Bray, Sir Thomas Gage, Baron Knaaring, Sir John and Lady Burgoyne. the Misses Burgoyne, Sir George Arrnytage,, Sir Robert and Lady Peel, Hon. Captain W. Walpole, &c. ALLEIRED MURDER OF AN ENGLISHMAN jur Si% IRISH LABOURER9.—EIN ALBANS, SITURDIT.--Grest excitement prevails throughout the whole of this district at the present time, which has been occasioned by 00 following savage ocrage, which has ended in the death of au unoffending individuaL From the evidence which has already been taken by the coroner, it appears that, * few nights since, a party of English and Irish labourers were drinking in front of the bar of the Plough public house. Whilst so doing, - a man named Field, who was in the house, attempted to puss through the passage, but was unable to do so. He then made use of some insult ing language towards the Irishmen, and having accused them of stopping up the passage, left the house. About ten minutes afterwards the Irish went into one of the rooms of the public-house, gave a wild scream, and took up the tongs, shovel, and poker, with which they pitched into the English labourel-s, knocking down every ins* who came near them. The deceased, a quiet, inorensif• man, named Edward Swaine, who was sitting over his mug of beer, was struck over the head with the tone until the blood gushed forth; his teeth were knocked out, his eyes were blackened, and his face fearfully dis figured. His son was also dreadfully maltreated. The Irishmen, on finding th a t t h ey h ad become conqueror'. started off. The deceased was removed to his homer where he expired. Mrs. Day, the wife of the farmer who had employed the Irishmen, stated that on the night the deceased was injured the Irishmen came and knocked her up, and asked for the money,owing them. for reaping, alleging, as an excuse for coming at such an unseasonable hour, that they were afraid to come to worg again, for they had been threatened by the English: Having received their money, they went away, and bad not since been heard of. Tne Coroner said, that if Lb. inquiry was adjourned for a few days, the police might be able during the interval to apprehend the men. The inquiry was therefore adjourned till Wednesday next. The deceased was forty-five years of age, and has left seven children to mourn his loss. IC 117718. On the 11th inst., at Holbroeke-house, Suffulls'; the lady Of the Rev. C. D. Reads, of a daughter. On the 11th inst., at th e R ectory, Rugby, • Mr.. Moultrie, of a daughter. On the 11th inet., a t S t. George's-terrace, Hyde park' ElOnlen, the wife of Mr. I'. R. Sachs, of a daughter. the 12th inst., at Chester•square, Mrs. Robert Stopford' of a son. On the 12th in s t., at B eulah -wood, Croydon, the wife • of F. Kearsey, Esq., of a son. On the 12th inst., at John-stroet, Bedford-row, the wife of R. E. Van Heythuysen. Esq., of a daughter. On the 12th i nst., at Sloane-terrace, Mrs. J. Whitmore, of a daughter. /IA Altai). On the 10th inst., at the church of the Holy Trinity, P ad : dington, Thom as Gibson, Esq., son of the l a t e J o h n Giba"' Esq., h er M a j esty ' s Vice-Consul, at Tunis, Africa, to Agn— , Staunton, of eembridge-lodge, Westbourne-groye, NaYl - daughter of the late I'. Staunton, Esq. On the 10th inst., at St. George's Church, Dublin, th a Rev. George Phillips, 8.D., rector of Sandon, Essex , t l Emily Frances, youngest daughter of H. Pilki ngten , Es+ , Tore, in the county of Westmeath. At St. Margaret's Church. Westminster, on the 12th James Duncan, M. 1., head master of the diocesan ac o s ° . Southampton, t o M ary H e l en Douglas, only daughter of J Craigie, Esq., Hill- s t ree t , B rompton. On the loth i ns t., at Shaw•cum-Donnington, Nassauli Senior, barrist er - a t-l aw, to Jane Elizabeth, only daughte r J. Hughes, Esq., of Donnington Priory, Berkshire. MILL On the Bth inst., M r . T . D avison, aged 29, news agen t -1 Liverpool-street, Islington. On the 10th inst., et Woodville-house, near Douptlo. Isle of Man, Cecil Henry, fourth son of Captain J. Martin, se d fire years. On the 10th i ns t., age d 43, Mary Charlotte, wi f e of Frear, Esq., of Derby. On the 11th inst., at . Harrow Weald, Middlesex, -A nn. ' wife of Mr. R. liotheroxd, aged 6i. Alfred On the 12th i ns t., at D enmark-h i ll, Cam be r* e ll, Josef!), third son of Joseph Bishop, Esq., of the Lrescen Minories, aged 27. tile On the 11th inst., i n U p p er St. Martin's-lane, Fora, wife of Edward Benjamin, aged 25. On the 10th inst., at Q ueen-street, gdinburgb, ChTar:ll. Robert, aged ni ne years, youngest son of tits late d! Stewart, Esq. London: Printed and PublishecrbyAlLlßDb ,YOT4lav:(l N 116 IS, No. 112, Str an d, P r i nter, at The Sex Office, No. f Strand, in the Precin c t o f the bavoy, is tie c... 1111 !'" Aliddleeex • TUOACIIIy, August 16, 1848. NAVAL IN TELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, NoNDAY.—The Surveyor of the Navy is expected here to-morrow to survey, by order of the Admiralty, in conjunction with Rear-Admiral Prescott and Mr. Fincham, the master shipwright, the Adelaide schooner, fitted as a steam-vessel for Port Adelaide, , Australia, and commanded by Lieutenant Forbes. This .. !:1 vessel had been fitted out at Woolwich, and was sup• posed to require but little addition to make her ready for sea ; however, she was a fortnight making the pas sage from Woolwich here, and when she arrived pre sented the appearance of a wreck both in board and ex ternally. It is now doubted whether she can be trusted with the lives of her crew and the property on board for so long a voyage as that she is destined to take, and accordingly the survey above-mentioned is to be held to morrow. Why was not a survey held upon her before she was commissioned for this service, when incapacity for performing it would at once have been apparent ? The Court leaves Osborne to-morrow, at two P.M., for • London. Tht •f the notice they 1 Contr Store: Blue It nitti Enitt, Worst Worst The TUlt( Menai peinte fare. The 370 ha )hneth fur h 1. F Rlng, in tiis Quarto tialf-p 2. in the ternou Allem time. 1. F time, at 11111 2. T In the conjun Six, ai Evenlr Only the Sul Augi L' Noti ]BEET near L One o'c and to Eighth of 'wad( The 4th da3 Lone] SCA.I enjoye d N' 173 lo t the 25t Subscri 8" 4. Cornh ic atte nuo VER s reams, neavy for du, When Oh With k i d we ° „1 1 1 in] w 411 y•ui That th th Stl ' c ild the eal ap p , citrate. 11 , 1 011% Carala 41Inser Imre, if money E. MI r tosters, Ledi t , 4, g 5, C /mitt Pyblie li te nu , hiLS bee] Th ey ki 1 " 4 the 0 r send NOtie Frid °'.look. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 15, 1848.