The Sun. — London, England, 1865-08-19 00:00:00

LONDON, £1 TURDA Y, A Uri UST 19, 1865. -.► - The threatened epidemic of cholera naturally turns one's attention to that theme, and now that there is a chance of our being visited by that de plorable calamity, it behoves us to consider well what is best and wisest to do. One of the most dis tressing circumstances connected with the arrival of the fearful guest among us some years back was the reflection that want of care had greatly increased the evils and added to the miseries attendant upon it. It will not be consistent if we allow the same thing to be said again, and, therefore, instead of indulging in unavailing regrets or giving way to foolish apprehensions and morbid fears, it will be right and reasonable for those who are ignorant to seek information, and for those who are in responsi ble positions to acquaint themselves with the man ner in which they may best provide for the emer gency, and protect those entrusted to their care or dependent upon their foresight. On Thursday a Conference of medical officers of health was held in Adam-street, Adelphi, at the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, and the peru sal of their reports and comments cannot but prove most instructive and interesting to all parties. The Chairman said that there was very little hope that the "dreaded disease" would not visit this country in the coming winter or spring, and added, very truly, that there would be no excuse if the severity of its visitation was not mitigated by the adoption of all possible preventive measures, which may be gathered from the statement of the sub - committee of health on the threatened epidemic, which was read by Professor GREENIIOW. It states that many circumstances conduce to prove the pro ticability, if not the certainty, of this dreadful scourge approaching our shores. The epidemic affections of cattle are generally regarded as the common " precursors', of epidemi c v i s i tat i ons to human beings, and that herald has already appeared I among us. It is shown by recorded evidence that the attacks of the last visitation of cholera were much diminished in number, fatality, and intensity in those places where timely measures were adopted, and founded upon the experience gained from careful observation of previous occurrences. All the most serious attacks were " forewarned" upon those places where people suffered then as now from " foul-air dis eases," such as are quite unknown, or almost so, ni situations where proper management prevails, even in public establishments of the lowest classes of the population. These diseases, it is said, are comparatively few and slight in improved common lodging-houses or model dwellings, and seldom Occur in the houses of the better classes, but " are never absent from the wage classes, living in crowded, ill-drained courts and alleys, ill-supplied with pure water, and ill-cleansed, close, filthy, ill ventilated and foul-aired, and which slay nearly 100,000 per annum of men, women, and children of Great Britain alone." Surely these words should be deeply graven upon the minds of all and every possible precaution be adopted, and every earnest endeavour used to allay the mischief where it cannot be stopped, and to check the It is worthy of notice that in periods of epidemic visitations like the cholera there is a wonderful coincidence between the ravages of the disease and the ordinary death-rates among the different classes. In those unhappy localities where " typhus" is prevalent cholera is invariably present, and common fever often assumes the character of typhus in such places. It appears that taking one year as the average, the deaths of children in Lam beth were as follows :—ln the different ranks among professional persons and gentry, 31 ; shopkeepers and tradesmen, 57 ; artisans, 60. The sanitary condition of the dwelling-houses has a great deal to do with the average rate of mortality, and if no thing else could rouse people from their lethargy, and make them zealous reformers in this respect, the inspection of the Registrar-General's returns may well do so. In awful characters the figures are presented to their notice, and they may read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest the sad and startling information which they contain. They will find that in the heart of this busy metropolis, in the centre of this teeming industry, and in the midst of wealth, luxury, and enjoyment, there are spots which are nurseries of sickness, hotbeds of conta gious disease, and where all kinds of foul complaints abide and flourish. Childhood is blighted, and the vigour of manhood destroyed, while old age is seldom reached, or if so, in how pitiable and de plorable a state. It is to these places that attention should be directed, for the enemy is making upon them, and will slay his thousands and tens of thou sands if unmolested in his course. No more forcible warning can be given than has been over and over again repeated ; and unless we would willingly see our streets thronged with mourners, and our ceme teries crowded with dead, we shall take heed to the warning that bids us prepare. There is, indeed, no time to lose, for much must be done, and it is dif ficult work at the best to better the condition or improve the care of such localities. Still, when a solemn and sacred duty has to be done, no excuse can sanction delay, and unwillingness is a crime. To adopt all possible sanitary measures would seem the most expedient mode of proceeding in the first place, and to facilitate this desirable end due care should be taken to study the reports given by those well qualified to judge of such matters. We learn for one thing that ventilation is much neglected in many places, and that incalculable mischief ensues therefrom. The evil effects of the close and crowded workrooms have often been shown in the rise in health of the working classes when the factories are closed and their inmates in the open air, as was especially noticeable at the period of the cotton famine. It would be well for visits to be paid to such places, which are so likely to prove violent auxiliaries to the epidemic, and to suggest any remedies that are at all practicable. The sooner this important task is undertaken the better it will be for the future consequences to all concerned. As was truly said at this meeting, the most ruthless invader from a foreign land could not in modern times inflict so terrible a slaughter as that effected by the cholera in its last visitation, when " seventy thousand" perished during its stay among us. This work of sanitary reform is indeed one in which no efforts can be too great, and no zeal thrown away. It is a cause which demands the greatest skill, the most unselfish feelings, and the most steadfast endurance, but it is one which will abundantly repay exertion, and which has for incentives faith, hope, and charity in its good and glorious mission. The opportunity is plentiful, and it is to be trusted that many workers may be found able and willing to help. It will be a sad thing if the threatened epidemic should find us unprepared, and too late we should awaken to the awful truth, that want of care has been as hurtful as want of heart to the suffering and stricken community, who, " like reapers, descend to the harvest of death." Fore warned is forearmed, and as it cannot be urged in extenuation of further neglect that due notice has not been given of the advancing danger, so now is the fitting time to be up and doing with the spirit that cannot command success, but will do more by deserving it. One of the principal advantages which a young country offers to the small capitalist is the easy rate at which land is usually procurable. The class which more than any other is recommended to try a new world, when the old country does not supply room enough for enterprising competition, is the agricultural class. Professional men, clerks, and others accustomed to a studious and sedentary life, are often warned by well-meaning friends that they must not think of emigration to any rising colony, since it is the hand rather than the head that is wanted in such settlements, the strength and training to till the soil and speed the plough, rather than the education and the faculties requisite for the lawyer, the physician, the litterateur, or the divine. Strange to say, however, in one of our most thriving and fertile colonies the farmer has hitherto met with almost insuperable difficulties. Thanks to immense advantages conferred by old and obselete acts when land was of little value ; some of the best agricultural tracts in Victoria have been hith erto l y i ng i d l e f or t h e b enef i t of the sheep, the shepherd, and the squatter. The oppo sition which has frustrated every attempt to bring about a better and more equitable state of things has been the perplexity of successive Australian statesmen ; and more than one measure has been Passed with the express purpose of throwing the public lands open to fair coin- I petition without producing the slightest result. Whatever the quality of the laud held by the squatter, whether rich agricultural soil or mere pasture land, he held it at a nominal rent, and grew rich upon it. Naturally he opposed every scheme which threatened to deprive him of the advantages he was enjoying, and his agents wero not slow in devising difficulties which defeated the practical working of every successive measure. But at last, when the evil was felt to be growing intolerable, and the anachronism of Crown lands being held under a monopoly in a new country was being everywhere denounced, came the Act of 1865, which came actually into operation in May last, and as yet bids fair to attain the long sought for object. We have previously referred to its details, which all tend to the same conclusion—that certain lands are selected and let by lot at fair and easy rates, giving the tenant the option of purchase at the end of his term of occupancy. Under this Act large areas in every district have been opened for selection, num bering in some localities over 150 acres, while a clause which permits selections of 20 acre lots for homesteads in the mining districts, has been largely used by working miners. Naturally this change has given great discontent to the squatters and their party, but it is not the less certain that it is likely to be beneficial to the colony, and advantageous to the immediate occupants of the land. It is very well for the squatters to wish for the monopoly of supplying the community with animal food, and to export wool and hides, while the breadstuffs are imported ; but such is not a sound principle of national policy, and it would be inexcusable to pursue it while Victoria possesses such rich and fertile tracts of agricultural land. Some returns have just been moved for in the Legislative Assembly, which convey some interest ing information on this point. The farmers, it appears, now occupy 2,697,981 acres, and the squatters 2,856,550 acres of purchased land, in addi tion to 28,826,756 acres of Crown land held by the squatters at a mere nominal rent. The number of squatters is about eleven hundred, while, with their employes, they come up to between nine and ten thousand. The farmers, on the other hand, make up with their dependents over forty-one thousand. The relative annual value of the produce of the squatter class was £3,316,793, and of the farmer £3,676,250. This is certainly a striking contrast when we remember the immense difference between the amounts of ground they occupy. It is also worthy of notice that the preponderance of value in breeding horses and pigs is greatly in favour of the farmer, the value of the horses bred by both being respectively £102,000 and £64,000, and of pigs £56,000 and £l,OOO. It must also be remem bered that for several years the imports of grain have averaged one million sterling, so that it cannot be argued that farmers have no market for their goods, since the demand for their produce evidently exists, and with such a rapidly increasing population must rise rather than diminish, while the opening of the interior and the rapid improvement of the roads and means of communication offer every encouragement to traffic. Another scheme which promises to be of great service to the farmer, in common with other industrial branches of the population, is the bill for providing a system of reservoirs for water supply throughout the colony. It,will be of immense advantage to the whole settle ment, and will, we hope, be brought safely to com pletion. Altogether, the prospects of the agricul tural interest in Victoria are most encouraging, and as it is indispensable to the welfare of the Austra lian colonies that they should be able to depend upon their own resources for the supply of the necessaries of life, and as there seems to be scarcely a limit to the bounty of nature towards them, it is very much to be hoped that a large and thriving class of tillers of the soil may speedily be ranked among its population. Like the labourer's children in the old fable, Australia may hereafter find her wealth consist rather in the products of her soil than in the auriferous deposits of her " diggings," and if less intoxicating and dazzling, are certainly more durable and more really beneficial. The meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland, though not so pretentious an affair as the periodical agricultural exhibitions in this coun try, is by no means devoid of interest and import ance. In the first place, it is always satisfactory to receive evidence of the thriving condition of any in dustry in the sister kingdom, more especially an industry so beneficial to its people, and so well adapted to its soil, as the agricultural. The society in question, which has been established for some ( years, holds its annual exhibition in each of the four provinces in turn, and it numbers among its list of presidents and vice-presidents several distinguished names. The site chosen for the meeting, which is in Munster, is Clonmel, the assize town of the South Riding of Tipperary, and amid the beautiful scenery of the Comeragh mountains. The Lord-Lieutenant and Lady WODEHOUSE, who have gone there to assist at the meeting, have been very cordially re ceived by the people, and altogether there is plenty of the brilliancy and excitement which Irishmen love just now pervading the quiet district. The exhibition itself is fully up to the average, though the panic on account of the cattle plague has some what interfered with the exhibition of the beasts. The usual banquet was held on Wednesday at the Court-house, under the presidency of the Marquis of WATERFORD. The noble Chairman, in proposing the health of the Lord-Lieutenant, observed that there were two most important subjects now before his Excellency —one was the cattle disease and the continued exodus of the Irish people. Lord WATER FORD added that he believed much could be done to check the tide of emigration by a liberal expendi ture on public works and a generous treatment of the people. Lord WODEHOUSE, in reply, demurred to the responsibility which the Marquis had laid on him. It was not in his power, he said, to devise a policy which should cure the evils of centuries, though he expressed his conviction that Ireland must one day assume her proper position, and that the maintenance of the same wise and moderate tone which has been adopted during the past six months would really facilitate that result. lie de clared the anxiety of the Government to render it advantageous for the Irish to remain in their own country, an end which will scarcely be attained till more capital is invested in Ireland and more chan nels opened to industry and enterprise. With re gard to the cattle disease, Lord WODEIIOUSE said that the number of cattle imported was very small, not more than 1,500 annually. The Government had decided in not prohibiting the importation of cattle, believing that circumstances did not warrant that step, and that the disease originated in Eng land. At the same time, the Lord-Lieutenant de clared his anxiety to assist in every way the pre ventative measures decided on. In conclusion, his Excellency expressed his satisfaction with the char acter of the exhibition, and commended Irishmen to forget their dissensions and labour for the good of their common country. The banquet passed off brilliantly, and we can only hope that the favour able auguries of the speakers will be more than realised. A GALLANT OLD VETERAN OF FRANCE !—The papers mention the death of the Marquis de Bergeret, a retired colonel of cavalry, which occurred on his estate, near Chateaudun, at the advanced age of 97. At the age of 13 he received an ensign's commission ; he was 24 years old when, in 1792, revolutionary France was threatened by Conservative Europe. Ills family emigrated ; he remained and enlisted as a private soldier in the 13th Dragoons. There he soon regained his epaulet. Before doing so he was one day on advanced post duty in the neighbourhood of Stockach in Baden, when it came to his knowledge that his father and brother wore with the advanced guard of Condo's army. A small river alone separated the opponent forces. lle asked his General's permission to go and see his relations, and it was granted, after some hesitation. The young Republican volunteer hastened to Condo's camp, and remained there an hour ; in vain did his brother and his old father employ every argument, every entreaty, to get him to remain in the Royal ranks; faithful to duty and the national banner, he tore himself from them andrejoined his corps. He went through the campaigns of the Rhine and Switzerland, was at Austerlitz, Jena, Moscow, and through the campaign disastrous but yet glorious for the French arms of 1814. He was four times wounded, and left the army just before the revolution of 1830. BOURSE, Aug. 18.—Two o'clock.—The reaction caused by realisation of profits continues ; this accounts for the slackness of the market in spite of the continuation of the discounting proceeding, which to-day demands a supply of 18,000 Rentes Three per Cent., 850 North of Spain, and 525 Credit Mobilier. These latter Shares have retro graded 10f.—to 782 f. 50c. North of Spain have lost 12f. 50c.—to 225 f., and Threes 5c., their price being 68f. Sc. The variation is slight in the Rail way Share Market. New City Bonds have ad vanced to 463 f. 75c. The last quotations are as follows : 4} per Cents 97 50 Do. end month — 3 per Cents. 6B 20 Do. end month 6B 15 Credit Mobilier 795 Do. end month Bank Shares 3600 Credit Foncier — Italian Loan 65 10 Do. end month 65 25 RAIL' Ditto Threes — Mexican Loan 471 Do. Bonds — Russian — Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt — Deferred Roman — VAYS. Cash. Amt. 852 50 - - ... 1075 - - - ... 865 - - - ... 565 - Orleans Northern Lyons and Mediterranean Souther* Western Eastern — ... 527 50 Sardinian , — 270 Austrian — 407 50 Lombard — ... 486 25 North of Spain — 233 75 Saragossa 320 Ditto to Barcelona ••• Roman 222 50 THE WAR IN SOUTH AMERICA. RIO DE JANEIRO, JULY 24. The Emperor left this city on the 10th for Rio Grande, and arrived at St. Catherine on the 12th, where his Majesty was delayed two days owing to stress of weather. A heavy pampero, which began on the night of his arrival, continued to blow till the 14th, when the weather clearing up his Majesty continued the voyage without landing, and arrived at Rio Grande on the 16th. Government have resolved on taking charge alto gether of the D. Pedro 11. Railway, receiving the shares of the few remaining shareholders at par, and paying them in Government 6 per Cent. Stock, also at par. The Paraguayans are in possession of S. Borja, which place they appear to be fortifying, A column of 11,000 men is on the"march southward, supposed to be going to attack Itagiu, in front of which town, and on the other bank of the Uruguay, they have 6,000 men. On the 26th, an engagement took place, near S. Borja, between the vanguard of the Paraguayan army and a brigade under the Brazilian Colonel Fernandes, which had received reinforce ments, and compelled the Paraguayans to fall back, leaving 700 men on the field, besides 3,000 horses, mostly saddled, some arms and baggage, and two flags. The official report states that the Brazilians had 151 men killed and wounded. General Canabarro, and Baron Jacuhy appear at last to be on the march ; the forces of the former are now estimated at 12,000 men, mostly cavalry ; and of the latter at 2,600 men, and will arrest the progress of the invaders. The news, however, from Rio Grande is so confused, and in many instances so contradictory, that it is impossible to give the exact position of the forces and their numbers. On the Ist a terrible gale did a great deal of damage to the shipping in the port of Rio Grande, and several lives were lost. From Buenos Ayres we have dates to the 14th, and from Montevideo to the 15th. The most im portant is the disappearance of Urquiza's army, which he disbanded. The fact has been severely commented on, and the general has not escaped censure, though many attribute the event to treason on the part of some of his officers. In the following letters, which Urquiza wrote to General Paunero and the President Mitre, he promises an explanation of this extraordinary occurrence, but gives none. "Headquarters at Basualdo, July 4, 1865. "My esteemed General,—l yesterday set out, as I had announced, to see the President, and had to return when nearly half-way, having been informed that a portion of the men of the divisions was disbanded. " This event is the effect of some disorder or false reports respecting my march, but it has been re strained, and I hope that those who abandoned their duty will return. Fearing that at a distance too much importance may be lent to the occurrence, I hasten to communicate it to you. Some have already returned.—Yours, &c., JUSTO J. DE URQUIZA. " TROUTOS, July 7. "My Esteemed President and Friend,—lt is with the most profound regret that I inform your Excellency that I was to-day unavoidably compelled to return with the forces under my command, and to disband them for some time, feeling confident that they will shortly return to their ranks in greater numbers. " I shall personally go and give your Excellency an account of this occurrence and its causes, or will send competent persons if any unforeseen per sonal impediment should arise. " Your Excellency may rest assured that I took this grave resolution without awaiting your orders, because it was not otherwise possible to avoid making barren by demoralisation and disorder elements which ought again to contribute to the national defence, as your Eminence may be sure they will, and as will I, sacrificing myself alone if need be. " This will be followed by full information. " Your Excellency's loyal friend and servant, " JUST() J. DE UItQumZA." The allied armies, which had been waiting for this General's forces, was still at Concordia, but cn the eve of moving, and Admiral Tamandare had prepared a flotilla of small steamers and launches to operate in the Uruguay, as soon as this river became navigable. Her Majesty's ship Satellite, Captain Crofton, sailed this morning for England, having on board the officers and crews of some of the gunboats on this station, who have been relieved by others brought out by the Narcissus. The Satellite will call at Pernambuco on her way home. TIIE GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY. The half yearly accounts of the Great Eastern Railway Company show a balance which will enable the directors to declare a dividend at the rate of 1 per cent. per annum, subject, however, to the qu es ti on as to the interest upon stock raised for now works being charged to capital. At the banquet given in the Hotel de Ville on the 15th inst., by M. de Chasseloup Laubat, Mini ster of Marine, to the Lords of the English Ad miralty, Rear-Admiral Dacres, and the principal naval and military officers, His Excellency delivered the following speech : " Gentlemen,—l propose to you the health of her Majesty Queen Victoria. It is a great honour and a real satisfaction to me to have to propose this toast to-day. It is a very great honour, for I come here in the Emperor's name to welcome the representatives of the British navy ; and I thank them, with the French navy, for having joined us on the fête day of our august Sovereign. It is also a very sincere satisfaction to me—and this feeling should be shared by every sincere friend to his country and humanity. It is a still greater satis faction to see this cordial and fraternal union in a port which has already witnessed the meeting of the Queen and the Emperor. Thank God, gentlemen, the time of hostile rivalry is past ; emulation alone remains in all that can advance the cause of civilisa tion and liberty in the world. Believe me, that will be a grand and noble page in which, nar rating the reign of our Emperor and your Sovereign, history shall tell hew, entering upon an entirely new era, our flags no longer met but to open in union new and vaster horizons to human activity, and how, in our disinterestedness, we summoned all nations to share the reward of our efforts. That will be a noble page, also, which shall show old pre judices eradicated from the hearts of the two nations, and their manufacturers hand in hand, advancing unceasingly to diffuse prosperity among all men ; and then displaying their wonders in those splendid tournaments, to which we by turns invite the workers of the world. Yes, gentlemen, freedom of the seas, the pacific contests of labour, and the beneficent conquests of commerce, such is the signi fication of these two noble flags to-day united before us. May God ever protect them ; and for you, gentlemen, may he preserve to you your gracious Sovereign. To her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain."' After this toast, which was received with applause, the Duke of Somerset spoke as follows : " Gentlemen,--I have heard with great pleasure the toast proposed by the Minister of Marine, as well as the speech by which it was accompanied. All Englishmen will feel a strong sentiment of gra titude in learning that upon this auspicious day, in the midst of this select assembly, the first toast proposed by the French Minister was the health of the Queen of England. " We accept it as a proof of the cordial amity of the Government of France, and I trust the entire nation feels for our Gracious Sovereign and our country. " I reply upon the part of the British Govern ment, and I feel confident that I also express the views of the great majority of the English people when I say that we are actuated by the same sen - timents with regard to the Sovereign of France and the French people. " We wish that the good understanding which now exists between the two countries may be of long duration. We wish it not only because such a friendship between the two nations tends to aug ment the welfare of England and of France, but also because it tends to secure the happiness and the peaceful progress of Europe. We accept with all our hearts the statement of the Minister that the days of hostile rivalry have disappeared to give place to an epoch of generous emulatior. " Whenever the fleets of the two nations have acted together, as they have recently done in China and Japan, they have not been actuated by any egotistical feeling of aggrandisement, but have solely endeavoured to make the faith of treaties respected, and to obtain for all other peoples Vie same advantages they procured for their own fellow subjects. I hope that the two countries will always continue in this course. " I propose the health of the Emperor, the elect of the French people, and in proposing this toast I wish to speak not only in the name of the Govern ment of which I am a member, or of any political party, but in the name of every enlightened Eng lishman. " To the health of the Emperor, the Empress and the Imperial Prince. Long live the Emperor !" " After the speech, which was received with the greatest enthusiasm, Vice-Admiral Dupony, the Maritime Prefect of Cherbourg, spoke as follows: " Gentlemen of her Britannic Majesty's fleet, " The presence at Cherbourg of a magnificent British squadron such as that now anchored in our waters would be under any circumstances a happy event for our port. But when this squadron comes here • to celebrate the fete of the Emperor, to asso ciate itself with cur national manifestations, we cannot but be doubly sensible of the courtesy which brings it hither. This thoroughly friendly visit will be appreCiated by the whole of France as a testi mony to the mutual sympathy by which we are animated. Everywhere, indeed, where our fleets have met, they have maintained the best re lations ; everywhere the most cordial agreement has prevailed between the officers, who have learnt to know each other. " All are penetrated by the sentiments of their sovereigns. They know that the mission of the navy in the present day is, above all, to be the guardian of civilisation throughout the world. ,4 B e good enough then to accept this toast — Gentlemen of the British Navy, az, a remembrance of the relations which have always subsided between two navies in our time, and as a pledge of those not less agreeable relations which will continue in future, not only to the advantage of both our countries, but also, permit me to say, to the advantage of all other countries." Admiral DACRES then proposed the following toast :—Gentlemen, I rise to propose a toast in honour of the French navy. I am doubly grateful for having been chosen to fulfil this agreeable task : in the first place, because I am sure that the toast will be received with enthu siasm by my compatriots, and particularly by my brothers in arms, the officers of the English navy. I need employ no eloquence to insure an eager re sponse to my proposal. In the second place, from having been in active service, and having so often met the French navy in so many parts of the world. None can testify more authoritatively than I to the bravery of its members, their generosity, and their loyalty as allies. Gentlemen,—l drink to the French Navy, whose gallantry and daring in war, and whose chivalrous spirit render them the best of allies. The Bench and the Bar. (From the Law Times of to-day.) Baron Channel closed the Oxford Court with a speech commendatory of the working of Mr. Den man's Criminal Procedure Act. It was feared that its effect would be to lengthen trials by the added speech. It has not done so. Counsel judiciously regulate their talk accordingly by abbreviating their opening, and reserve themselves for the summing up or reply. It was so within our own experience of the last circuit, and Baron Channel has made a similar observation, lie is thus reported : The learned Baron, at the conclusion of the above case, said that he was axious to address a few words to the bar. His Lordship then said that an alteration had b3en made by the Legislature shortly before the commencament of this circuit in the criminal procedure of the country. The object of that change was to give facility for a more thorough hearing and discussion of criminal cases, but a fear had been entertained lest the addition of extra speeches might lead to the consumption of an inconvenient amount of time over each case. His lordship now desired to say that in no case on this circuit had the right of the addi tional speech been unnecessarily exercised, nor when exer cised had it ever b een a b use d ; an d ho w i s hed to say that if the Bar genes ally made so excellent a use of the Act as that portion of it which went the Oxford Circuit had done no fear need be entertained that its operation would not be beneficent. Beef, from 3s Od to 4s 6d ; mutton, 4s Od to 53 8d ; lamb, 5s Od to 6s Od ; veal, 3s 10d to 4s 10d ; and pork, 3s 8d to 53 Od per 81bs, by the carcase. WHITECHAPEL. Beef, from 35 Od to 48 6d ; mutton, 4s Od to 5s 8d ; lamb, 5s Od to 6s Od; veal, 3s 103 to 40 10d; and pork, 38 8d to 58 Od per 81bs by the carcase. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELP HI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THROUGH FIRE AND WATER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, R. Phillips, Billington, Ashley ; Mrs. A. Mellon (Miss Woolgar), and Miss H. Simms. After which, at 9, SOLON SHINGLE. Solon, Mr. John E. Owens; supported by Messrs. R. Phillips, Billington, Stephenson, Ashley. Eburne ; Mrs. H. Lewis, &e. To conclude with A PAS DE FASCINATION. Miss Furtado, and Mr. J. L. Tools. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. 'MIS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher, entitled HEART-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS. After which, AR RAH NA POGUE : Messrs. Dion Boucl cault, J. Brougham, H. Vandenhoff, D. Fisher, L. Murray; Airs. Boucicault and Miss M. Oliver. To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY. Commence at 7. G. RATIS AND POST FREE. E. MOSES and SONS' New Pamphlet, THE PHILOSOPHY OF DRESS. - 9 MOSES AND SON v• respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest fabrics are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices Are such as must sati sf y the most e conomical. This depart ment is in a distinct part of the premises, which will be found a great convenience for ladies and children, MOSES AND S 0 N • respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assorted SIIMMEtt STOCK. tit MOSES AND SON'S xu...SANDRINGHAM" and "DANISH " WRAPPER Introduced by them) Is the newest and most fashion tble style of Overcoats for the season. MOSES AND SON'S • READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING for all classes and aifaiei. EMOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT. from 30s. IP MOSES AND SON'S 42-40 HOSIERY and DRA.YERY, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S E• BATS AND CAPS, fur all classes and all ages. EMOSES AND SON'S • BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S OUTFITS, for all classes, all ages, and all climates. E. MOSES AND SON'S LONDON HOUSES, 154, 155, 156, 157, Minories ; 83, 84, 85, 86.87, 88. 89, Aldgate ; 506, 507, 508, New Oxford--street; 1,2, 3, Hart-street; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Euston-road. Also, Bradford, Yorkshire. 1 4 ] MOSES AND SON'S 1 • Ehlablishments are closed Every Friday evening at uuset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until 11 o'clock. All articles aro marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Auy article nut appr,ved of will be exchanged, or the money !elm tied. List ot Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, " The Philosophy of Dress," gratis and post tree. 111 HE LAST EDITION OF " THE SUN," 3. Containing the Latest SvonTusiu INTELlalika\ C San be had Every Evening of G. R. GLKNIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. IHE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN " supplied, as soon as published every Evening by W. ALEXANDER (late BROOKS), Newspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish-street, Oxford-street. THE LAST EDITION of " TIIE SUN " supplied as Soon as Published. containing all the rEs'r rams and SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, by i. W. HARRIS, Newspaper Agent, 4, Blackfriars-road, London, S. THE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN." J. HOLMES begs to inform his friends, and the pubile generally. that he supplies the LATEST EDITIuN of " 'nu; SUN " as soon as published —No. 16, Hampstead road, N.W. TEETH AND PAINLESS DENTISTRY.— Messrs. LEWIN and SIMEON MUSELY and SONS, Bu, Berners-street, Oxford-street, and 448, Strand, opposite Charing-cross Railway Station. Established 1830. Artificial Teeth made with their patented advantages are fitted with cut the ieast inconvenience, however tender the mouth, sup porting and strengthening loose and sensitive teeth until they become useful in mastication. Their resemblance to nature is perfect and undetectable, and they are guaranteed for all purposes of mastication and articulation. Operations of every kind teing unnecessary, the most nervous patient can be supplied wi bout fear of pain or inconvenience. Con sultation tree. Teeth from ss. Sets, 5,7, to, and 15 uineas, warranted. For the (filets 7, utility, and success of this system, vide " Lancet. ' Daily attendance at 15, Whitefriargate, Hull ; 10, 'Norfolk - street, Sheffield ; 4, East-paraL.e, Leeds ; and 19, St. Nicholas street, Szarbro'. *** No connection with any one of the same nacre. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS Dar.—turning, 12h. 30m.—Afternoon, 12h. 58m To-Monitow.-Morning, lh. 25m.—Afternoon, lh. 50m, lel ,- fteir_rr neit • • g SUIT. ~~.~.-~ growth and strength of the attack. No more ' suicidal measure can be adopted than the idle, care less, do-nothing course that so many follow ; and it is very certain that several hundred will suffer if they are not themselves exposed to the fatal agen cies of their unhappy brethren. Disease never leaves any part alone if it once enters into a crowded metropolis ; and as many will not be able to escape from the danger, they will be left a prey to tor menting anxieties and sad reflections. how dread ful it is to consider that so many thousands are now leading lives and dwelling in places which expose them to the attacks of dire diseases, and make them act as almost certain victims to any awful visita tion that may approach our shores. It is a reproach to our boasted civilisation, and a blot upon our social management. There is something intrinsi cally bad in a state of things which permits and sanctions such horrors. It is a violation of the most approved principles of divine precept and human understanding that life should be thus wan tonly sacrificed, and high and holy opportunities thrown away for want of common thought, care, and management. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 19, 1865. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) AUSTRIA. VIENNA, AUG. 19. The King of Prussia left Gastein to-day for Salzburg, whither Herr von Biamark, Count Mons dorff, and Baron von Werther, proceeded yes terday. The opening of the Croatian and Slavonic Diet has been adjourned to the 9th of October. Prince Couza arrived here yesterday from Ems, en route for Bucharest. FRANCE. VISIT OF THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON TO AREMBURG. BERN, AUG. 19. The Emperor and Empress of the French have arrived in Switzerland, on their way to Aremberg, where their Majesties will remain several days. THE NAVAL FETES AT CHERBOURG. [REUTER'S EXPRESS.] CHERBOURG, AUG. 18. ---~ MARKETS—This Day. COVENT GARDEN. We were well supplied with vegetables, but the show of fruit was only moderate. The trade was fairly active, as follows : FRUIT—Pine apples, 5s to 7s; hot house grapes, 2s Gd to 6s; filberts, 9d to is per lb; currant; 3s to 4s; greengages, 4s to 5s ; apples, 1s 3d to 2s 6d ; pears, is 3d to 3s per half sieve ; mulberries, Gd to 9d per punnet ; lemons, 46 to 8s ; oranges, 10s to 14s per 100. _ ViGETAßLES—Cauliflowers, is to 3s ; cabbages, 9d to 1s 4d ; horseradish, is to 2s per doz heads ; greens, 2s to 3s ; turnips, 2s to 38 ; carrots, 4s to 5s ; onions, is Gd to 2s per dozen bunches ; French beans, 18 to 18 3d per half sieve ; cucumbers, 3d to is 6d each ; potatoes, GOs to 1008 per ton ; cos lettuces, 10d to 18 3d per score. BREAD. The prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from to sid 6id, of household do., 7d to lid per 41b loaf. HIDES AND SKINS. Market hides, 561 b to 641 b, 21d to 3d ; 641 b to 721 b, 3d t• 31d ; 721 b to 801 b, 3d to 3d ; 801 b to 881 b, 31c1 to 4d; 881 b to 961 b, 4d to 4d. Horse hides, 9s Od to lOs 6d ; calf skins, light, 2s Od to 4d Od ; full, 6s 6d ; lambs, 3s Od to 33 to 5s 6d ; shearlings, 3s 3d to 4s 3d. BILLINGSGATE. Eels, 8d to is ; salmon, 10d to is 3d per lb. ; soles, Gd to 2s Gd per pair ; cod, 2s 6d to 10s ; brill, 3s Od to 7s Od ; mullets, is 6d to 2s 6d; turbot, 3s to 21s ; lobsters, is to 3s Gd ; crabs, 6d to 3s Od each ; whitings, 3s to 15s ; haddocks, 9s to 18s per dozen ; common oysters, IGs to 40s; natives, 105 s per bushel ; herrings, 12s ; mackerel, 40s to 50s per 120. NEWPORT. lIAY MARKETS SMITHFIELD.—OId Meadow hay, £5 104 Od to £6 Os Od ; new ditto, £4 15s to £5 lOs ; old Clover, £6 5s to £6 158 ; new ditto, £5 108 to £6 Os ; and straw, £lBs to £1 12s per load. Trade steady. CUMBERLAND.—OId Meadow hay, £5 Os 10d to £6 6s; new ditto, £4 15s to £5 15s ; old clover, £6 5s to £6 15s ; new ditto, £5 lOs to £6 Os; and straw, £1 lOs to £1 16s per load. An =lye demand. WHITECHAPEL.—OId Meadow hay, £5 lOs to £6 Os Od; new ditto, £4 15s to £5 10s; old clover, £6 5s to £7 Os ; new ditto, £slos to £6 6s ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 14s per load. Trade firm. POULTRY. Geese, 5s Od to 7s Od each ; goslings, 5s Od to 6s 6d ; ducks, 2s Od to 3s 6d ; duckli ngs , 2 s Od t o 3 s Od ; t ame rabbits, 1s Od to is 10d; wild do., is to is 2d; pigeons, 6d to 9d ; wood do 8d ; hares, 2s 6d to 5s Od ; grouse, 5s to to 6s Od each • Surrey fowls, 108 to 12s ; do. chickens, 6s Od to 8s Od ; barn door fowls, 4s Od to 6s Od per couple ; English eggs, 8s 6dto 9s Od ; French do., 7s Od to Oa ad per 100 ; Ostend f res h b u tt er , i s t o i s 1d; English, 1s ld to is 3d per lb. COUNTRY MARKETS LIVERPOOL.-FRIDAY. To-day's market was not numerously attended by buyers, and with a return of finer weather the inquiry for wheat was less active, but at prices showing a repetition of Tuesday's advance of 3d. to 4d. per cental. Flour quiet, at recent prices. Indian corn in limited request at an advance of Gd. to ls. per qr. over last Friday's rates. Oatmeal generally held for an advance of 6d. per load. Oats slow and unchanged. DERBY-FRIDAY. There was a tolerable supply of whoat, which met with a moderate demand at 2s. to 3s. per quarter more money. Barley was a very meagre show and sold at extreme cur rencies ; malting nominal. Oats came sparingly to hand, and readily sold at top prices. Beans not plentiful, and with a fair inquiry last week's prices were fully suppported. Very little progress has been made with the harvest, the weather being very unsettled. Wheat is a very irregular crop, and in some places it is suffering from the heavy rain. Barley is being secured, and promises a satisfactory yield. New white wheat, 48s to 54s Od ; red, 45s to 48s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, —s to —s per qr. ; grinding, 28s to 30s per 30 stone. Oats, new, 23s to 275; old, 27s to 30s per 24 stone. Beans, 01d,144s to 48s; new, 41s to 44s per 38 stone. S T AMF ORD.—FRIDAY. The trade in wheat was firm, and with a middling supply prices must be quoted 2s. to 3s. per qr. higher. Not much doing in barley ; last week'e prices were fully realised. The show of oats was scanty, and prices ranged from 235. to 275. per 24 stone. New white wheat, 45s to 495; new red, 44s to 4Gs per 36 stone. Barley, malting, —s to —s; grinding, 26s to 29s per qr. Oats, new, 23s to 27s ; old, —s to —s per 24 stone. Beans, 43s to 45s per 38 stone. Peas as of late. WAKEF lELD.-FRIDAY. Wheat 2s to 3s dearer than on Friday last, with a fair sale for fresh parcels. Spring corn inquired for at ad vancing rates. "Weather dull. Averages, Aug. 14 :—Wheat, 3,436 qrs, at 44s ld ; bar ley, —, at —s Od ; oats, 25, at 24s 4d. LINCOLN.-FRIDAY. To-day wheat was in moderate supply, and changed hands at 2s. to 3s. per qr. in favour of the seller. Barley was not plentiful, but sufficient for the demand, and prices were not quotably altered. A fair trade in oats, at ad vancing prices. Beans had an upward tendency. Harvest work is almost suspended by the frequent heavy showers of rain, which are now becoming very serious. The crops are very much laid in the fens, and mildew and rust are complained of in wheat, which must now fall short of an average yield. New white wheat, 4Gs to 50s ; new rod,:4ls to 47s per 36 stone. Barley for malting, —s to —s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 30s per 30 stone. Oats,:2ss to 295. Beans, 41s to 455 per qr. COAL MARKET. Price per ton at the close of the market. s. d. s. d. 16 0 Kelloe Sl►ips at market, 15; sold, 15. Wylam VASCHER'S PARLIAMENTARY COMPANION is more than ever welcome in this the latest issue of it. The monthly number but just now published (No. 190) is the first compact and corrected list we have yet lad of the Newly-Elected House of Commons. It is the New Parliament, in fact, under date August, 1865. It comprises within it, of course, the list of the House of Lords, as well as that of the House of Commons. But it gives the latter, page after page, in parallel columns, as it was and as it is—The Late Parliament and The New Parliament. A glance, therefore, shows at once whether there has been any change a,t all, and, if there has, what that change amounts to. The repetition of the same names, coupled with the words "No contest," indicates where the representation has been uninterfered with. Whereas, in every instance in which there has been a contest the result is shown to a nicety by the record of s the numbers actually polled for the opposing candidates. Among the mass of miscellaneous information attached to the Companion, we have been able to detect only one omission in the w,ay of bringing the announcements well up to time—namely, where Sir Henry Bulwer's name is still retained as that of her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador in Turkey, instead of there being substituted for it the name of Lord Lyons, Sir Henry's successor. A GUIDE-BOOK TO DIEPPE, giving the route by Newhaven, has within the last few days been pub lished simultaneously by Mr. Booth, of Regent street, and M. Marais, of the Grande Rue, Dieppe. It could hardly have been rendered more compact or more complete than it has been, in these eighty-eight pages of sound and reliable information, the letterpress, moreover, being enlivened by a sprinkling of apropos illustrations. THE ANTI-TEAPOT REVIEW is this quarter more than ever a curiosity, the number just issued (No. VI.) defining what is "An Anti-Teapot !" the whimsical phrase signifying (not to put too fine a, point upon it) a root-and-branch opponent of Humbug and Puritanism. IMPORTATION OF WINES INTO ENGLAND.—Mr.W. Ray Since, in the preface to his pamphlet upon the wines of Franco at one penny per bottle customs' duties, gives the value of these wines imported into England during the last five years :-1860, £1,037,000 ; 1861, £953,000 ; 1862, £717,000; 1863, £698,000; 1864, about £BOO,OOO. The . . official account for 1864, since published, differs but little from the one given by the author, being £793,000. In this total, which represents the entire value of the wines of Franco, and which is comparatively of little importance, the red winos, that is to say those generally consumed at dinner, are about £340,000, whilst the importation of eggs from Franco amounts to £714,000, and butter £859,000. With these figures NVO ask how it happens that the red wines of France, which are one of its principal productions, and of which England has the greater need, because these wines cannot be obtained from its own soil, nor from any other country, only are consumed for a smaller sum than more than half that of French eggs and butter, both of which England produces as well as France ? Is there not iu this an anomaly deserving of the attention of the two Governments ? The official returns chow that Spanish and Portuguese wines imported into England amount in value to four times more than French wines. The follow ing account gives the value of wines imported into England in 1863:—French wines, £698,000; Portuguese, £1,017,000; Spanish, £2,457,000 ; Italian, £61,000 ; from Holland, £155,000 ; Hamburg, £50,000 ; all other places, £59,000 total, £4,497,000. And if the quality of the same wines is considered, the inferiority of France is even more striking. In 1864 there was imported into England—Sp an i s h wines, 7,791,000 gallons; Portuguese wines, 3 ,345,000 do.; French winos, 2,723,000 do. Nevertheless the wines of Franco are a light ordinary drink, whilst those of Portugal and Spain are rather the wines of liqueur. This unfortunate state of things for the wines of France must necessarily continue until the light wines which are drunk like beer in tumblers are charged customs' duties much less than those taken in wine-glasses—that is to say, until the duty for French wine is reduced to one penny per bottle.—L'lnternational. His Excellency the Prussian Ambassador and the Countess Bernstorff have arrived at Kissengen. The count and countess will return to join their family at St. Leonards towards the end of the ensuing month. _ _ Lord and Lady Charles Percy have joined the family party assembled at Alnwick Castle, Northumber land. ' The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., M.P., and Lady Emily Peel, are entertaining the Hon. Francis and Mrs. Stonor, and a select company, at Drayton Manor, near Tamworth. The marriage of Miss Hope, eldest daughter of Mr. Alexander and Lady Mildred Beresford-Hope, is ap pointed to take place at Bedgebury, Kent, on Thursday next. We have to announce the death of the Rev. Charles Cavendish Bentinck on the 17th inst., in his 47th year. Mr. Bentinck was the eldest son of the late Lord Charles Bentinck, and grandson of the fourth Duke of Portland. He recently married Louisa, eldest daughter of Mr. Burnaby, of Baggrave. THE GREAT EASTERN. PLYMOUTH, Friday, 10 p.m. At 11 o'clock this morning the Great Eastern was off Falmouth. At 2 this afternoon from Ply mouth:Hoe her smoke was descried to the westward of the Sound. At 3 o'clock, the haze having lifted, her hull was clearly observed as she passed up Channel to the eastward. At 4 10 p.m., Star Point being seven miles dis tant west by north, the Great Eastern was abreast of the Waterford Company's steam vessel Aurora, Captain Castle, from London for Plymouth, where she arrived at 8. The Great Eastern was working four smoke fun nels. She had two square topsails set. Wind, westerly, very light. Captain Castle calculates that if she continued the same speed—about nine knots—she would be off Dover at 10 o'clock to-morrow (Saturday) morning. Convention as to the Treatment of the Wounded in Battle. (RE UTER'S EXPRESS.) BERLIN, Aug. 17. The full text of the convention concluded be tween Prussia, Baden, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, Hesse, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Wurtemburg respecting the treatment of per sons wounded in battle has just appeared here. It is stated that the Governments of England, Greece, Sweden and Norway, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Turkey have signified their adhesion to its stipula tions since the exchange of the ratifications. The articles of the convention are as follows : 1. Light and principal field hospitals shall be recognised as neutral, being respected and protected as such by the belligerents as long as they contain sick or wounded. Neutrality would cease if these field hospitals were occupied by troops. •" 2. The staff of the light and principal field hospitals, including persons charged with the super vision, care, management, and transport of the wounded, as well as field chaplains, shall be entitled to the privileges of neutrality, so long as they are in the performance of their duties, and as wounded are to be cared for or attended to. " 3. The persons designated in the preceding ar ticle may continue to fulfil their duties in the light and principal field hospitals served by them even after occupation by the enemy, or may withdraw to joie the troops to which they are attached. If these persons discontinue their functions under such cir cumstances, the army occupying the place will take care that they are conducted to the hostile out posts. " 4. The material of the principal field hospitals is subject to the laws of war, and the persons at tached to these hospitals may therefore upon retreat ing only take with them such objects as are their private property. The light field hospital, upon the other hand, remains under similar circumstances in possession of its material. " 5. The inhabitants of the country who come to the assistance of the wounded shall remain free and unmolested. The generals of the belligerent Powers are desired to acquaint the inhabitants with the ap peal made to their humanity, and the neutrality re sulting therefrom. Every wounded man received into and nursed in a house shall act as a protection. Those inhabitants who receive wounded shall be relieved from giving quarters to troops, and shall be exempt from a portion of any war contribution that may be imposed. " 6. Sick or wounded soldiers shall be received and nursed without distinction of nationality. The commanders-in-chief shall be at liberty to surrender soldiers wounded during an engage ment immediately to the hostile outposts, pro vided circumstances allow and both parties agree. . Those persons found unfit for service after such shall be sent back to their homes. Others may also be released, upon condition of not again bearing arms during the war. Bandaging places and depots, with the staff attached, enjoy unconditional neu trality. "7. A clearly recognisable and universal flag shall be hoisted at field hospitals, bandaging places, and depots. Under all circumstances the national flag must be planted at its side. It shall also be allowed to furnish the staff under the protection of neutrality with an armlet, but the duty of such being served out remains with the military autho rity. Both flag and armlet shall bear a red cross upon a white ground. " 8. Details of the execution of this present con vention shall be settled between the commanders-in chief of the belligerent armies according to the instructions of their respective Governments,, and upon the basis of the general principles herein expressed. The high contractin g P owers have agree d to communicate t iots " 9. n al who lh theconference did pr n e o t e ri present in send Gconventionenevaatnod representatives those to to international invite their vilet renmm co - operation, o - operation, for which purpose the protocol remains open. " 10. This present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged in Berne withal four months, or, if possible, earlier. In token of which the undersigned plenipotentiaries have ap pended the seal of their arms." (The signatures follow.) The ratifications were finally exchanged at Berne upon the 22d June last. THE HEALTH OF MAJOR DE VERE.—The bulletin of Major de Vere's health issued yesterday mowing was not so favourable as could have been wished, but stil l it will be seen that Dr. Cockburn was as hopeful as cy' 3r of the ultimate recovery of his patient. The bulletin was as follows :—" Aug. 18. Major de Vero has not been qua° so well for the last few hours; the reaction after the pro longed shock has passed away, leaving the patient in somewhat oxhaused state. The condition, not being ei" cessive, does not interfere with the favourable opinion already expressed in the case. (Signed) J. BALBOVA COCKBURN, M.D., Surgeon R.E." The following telegram was received last night :—" Chatham, Aug. 18. The un favourable symptoms in Major de Vere's case appear tQ increase, and a crisis is evidently at hand." T ourt t eto -- vita „Tr 7he Queen's Visit to Germany. THE ROSENAU, COBURG, Aug. 16. Her Majesty the Queen received on Monday last a deputation, consisting of the Ober Burgermeister Moder and three other magistrates of the town of Coburg, who came to express their satisfaction at her arrival at the Rosenau, and to take her Ma jesty's commands respecting the inauguration of the Prince Consort's statue. Her Majesty and the royal family continue to take daily drives in the neighbourhood. The Duke and Duchess of Coburg have dined twice with her Majesty and the royal family, and Prince Alfred, who is staying with the Duke and Duchess at the Kallenberg, comes daily to see the Queen. His Serene Highness Prince Edward of Saxe- Weimar and Colonel Tyrwhitt have joined the party visiting the Duke of Richmond at Gordon Castle, N.B. The duchess will shortly join the family circle at Gordon Castle. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland will re ceive a succession of dfstinguished visitors at Dunrobin Castle, N. 8., during the ensuing month. -