The Sun. — London, England, 1846-02-10 00:00:00

Sir K. ING LIS said be " n ow w itnessing tera,ny which .) \ were once united, firing into e a ch tis lf what would become of the He could not help asking hi Honourable Gentlemen the N. lmernisebet r w f e o u r ld b Durham, enm become r e r f at a h l e i rather th e Member for Southport. r side of the House, ll otile .. the reeette.—( Laughter.) new converts at the his Noble Friend i had not come to .. • -..i„s t s us , u nkind He hoped he would not say (for it was not his v.... _ • '—AI) word to provoke an angry feeling; but he could not ...., thinking what unpleasant feelings must be entertained by those who found that their party was divided. There were three propositions proposed, which would give full and entire sada fustian to all political economists, but he begged leave to state that these propositions were not supported by any argument on the part of the Noble Lord (Russell). He stated he would not ruse en . angry feeling, and he would apply himself to that part of the question of most importance, and would only occupy their attention for two or three minutes.—( Hear. ) His view of things was this that in trade we should to procure all articles at the most moderate market. Looking at the products of Europe generally, he found that averages could not be made of crops as if they were the products of steam-engines. Much would depend on the state of the wea ther, for the variations in it would create great difference in the averages, and co nsequently in the price of fo d. o The l ar gest average was 140 per cent., and that was an average extending over a period of twenty-four years. In Prussia the average was 212 ; in Saxony it wee 269; and in Westphalia it was 340. But as he told them himself in his remarkable speech, the osuntries which produced potatoes prohibited their export. From Sweden, from Belgium, from Holland, the distress was there so great, you could have hoped for nothing. He also told you that Turkey and Egypt refused t , permit the higher kinds of grain to be exported. But might they_ not supply the wants of Ireland with a n inferior grain.—(Hear, hear. ) He was quite aware that h e could from the p a g es of " Hnsard" p rove various inconsistencies on the pa rt of those who now a dvised this measure. But it was needle ss, as the very a uthors of it in the strongest terms admitted them. His Noble Friend (the Member for London) had himself made great c hanges in his opinions on the subject of this very question. He neither taunted him or the members of the Government with what in passed. He did not accuse h im of having been interestede ht any such change, and he not onl y did not itccuseth .g Hon. Baronet of having been influenced in his change by im pure motives, from his personal knowledge of him, but from that which was clear to every oue, that he had no conceivable motive for those changes, and that he had every conceivable motive from refraining from them. He was at the head of the largest majority that ever sat in that House since 1834. It was a party o n whom he might have looked with some satisfaction.—(Loud cheers.) A party who certainly looked up to him with respect, and only regretted that they were not earlier acquainted with his weaknesses.—(Cheering and great laughter.) He hoped, however, that his Right Hon. Friend would forgive him if he exactly distrusted his powers as a statesman in the same proportion as he had suddenly changed the opinions formerly held by him.—(Hear, hear.) if he were uow a great statesman all his former acts were those of a personinsensible to the wants of the country. In these observa tions he was speaking his cool and deliberate conviction. They could net admit the purity of his motives without impeaching his claim to guide the destinies of a free country. —( Cheering. ) His suddenness of change was such, that there might not be another change in another month. With re spect to his Noble Friend the Member for the city of London, if he gave him a pledge that he would support the Irish Church, he knew that he would carry out that pledge to the utmost extent, and nothing could induce him to swerve from his promise, he therefore knew to what he had to trust, and he would much rather trust an open enemy.—(Cheering.) (Here the Hon. Gentleman paused for a few moments.) " I stopped," continued the Hon. Baronet, " for my own sake— I will not pursue the subject."--(lmmense cheering.) He would not put the Government into the hands of the Gentlemen opposite. With respect to the Noble Lord op posite, he had, however, to observe that his change had been at least four years old . While be dee p l y deplored the part taken by the Government, he could not help asking at what time were these measures brought forward? They were brought forward at a time of profound peace. Ireland had not at that time her monster meetings ; England was arrived at a pitch of prosperity almost unexampled, to which she bad grown under the very system now proposed to be altered. Why then should they, when well , take p h y sic and die? He pledged himself to the fact that, in every instance, the actual produce was greater last year than the year before. Under these circumstances he. for one, could not see why the Govern ment measure should be supported. Captain FITZMAURICE, who spoke most inaudibly, said he confessed his view of the question of protection was very different from that of the Right Hon. Baronet. He regarded it as a compensation for the industry of the agriculturist, and as a security against the competition of foreign agricul turiste, in consequence of the peculiar burdens which fell to the land of this country. He defended it, therefore, on those grounds—on the ground of the burdens which pressed en the agricultural energy of the country. He defended last year the protection which was given to the West India planters oil the same principle. The Right Honouraele Baronet him self, in 1844, had given expression to the same ideas. With regard to the present measure which has been brought before the country, it was stated by the Right Hon. Baronet that he rested it upon the famine, which was apprehended in Ireland. He would ask the Government had they taken that view of the question which ether countries had adopted under similar anticipations? Had ;they attempted to prevent exportation. Had they adopted those other expe dients which the necessities of the case seemed to warrant ? In Ireland, exportation of corn and provisions had been proceeding to an enormous extent since October last. The Right Honourable Baronet had taken protection off this country when the country had a great impulse from public works—for instance, such as from railways. Let him take the county of Wiltshire; they had no shipping which could bring about a benefit to that county by importation. How, then, could the present measure—how could free trade benefit that part of the country ? Manufactures were carried on there, agricultural pursuits were prosperous there, but free trade, with all its importation, woald not be of any advantage to its inhabitants. Now, let there be a railway constructed through that county, and the people would be greatly benefited by such a project. ( Hear, hear.) It was said that the manufacturers of this country would be received by foreign countries in exchange for their corn. Let them take Poland for instance. Now he spoke from information furnished by a gentleman residing in that country, and he would say that the growers of corn there, when the duties would be taken off in this country, would send corn from there at 303. the quarter. Let them take America. They were told that the growers of corn there would take the manufactures of this country in exchange for their grain, but he had good grounds for saying that they would want gold and not manufactures. It is well known that the American shipping left this country, after getting rid of their corn, in ballast, and, that would be the very way in which they would leave our ports when free trade became a law. What said the Right Hon. Baronet in 1844 ? At that period he complained that the principles of free trade were delusive and visionary. Such was not his opinion now, however. There was one way of remedying the evil of a famine without bringing forward the present measure, and that was to be done by taking the price of corn at the weight, and not by the measure. If this had been done, corn and bread would now be more corresponding in price, and still protection he upheld. Can it be expected that farmers will lay out their money in making improvements, when the law which protects, or rather ought to protect him, is to be changed by the Right Honourable Baronet, who had always led them to believe him their best friend, by his having always spoken in their favour. It was said that "woman's vows were traced in sand." Ile should like to know what men's vows were traced in. Were they traced in adamant ?—( Laughter.) Ile should like to know what the Right Honourable Baronet's vows were traced n a 'S-4 Hear, bear.) He (Captain Pitzmauriee) thought they were traced in steam.—( Great laughter.) The Honourable Baronet had made vows, but they were all broken ; all the pro aims made had been abandoned, those who had supported him were not taken into consideration, their opinions, their influ ence, and their interests were alike disregarded. He might well say— " Blow, blow, thou wintry wind, Thou art not so unkind, Nor is thy breath so rude As man's ingratitude." The Hon. Member sat down amidst some applause. Mr. SYDNEY HERBERT said that of all the speeches which had been delivered against the present measnre of her Majesty's. Goverment, he might select the last two speeches as arguments in its favour.—(Hear, hear.) Those changes had not been forced upon the Government by any choice of their own, but by the advent of circumstances which it was not possible for any . human power to foresee. lie wished he could be convinced that the position of Ireland wail really not such as had been represented, or that he could be justified in declaring that the contemplated change in the law affecting the price of food would be unnecessary, but they had had too many proofs to the contrary not to be satisfied of the justness and ex pediency of this measure. The lion. Member had stated in his speech, that there was deficiency of food in Ireland, or rather that there was an average supply, and that therefore the appre hended lose or deficiency need not be apprehended. Sir R. INGLIS said he alluded to the potato crop. Mr. SYDNEY HERBERT continued by saying that the potato crop was not the exclusive food of the people of that country. It would not be necessary for him now to expatiate upan the miseries and misfortunes of a large mass of people ,tilt) were accustomed to subsist- upon that article of food. They bad already heard a great deal as to the state of flat portion of the population who were compelled to depend . upon •this worst kind of subsistence for the greater part of the year. But if the Hon. Members had followed oat bis argument by quoting the returns, the state of the crops for several years past, he would have found that in many instances there had been actual deficiencies for the supply required, even where the crop was stated to have been an average one. During the whole of those discussions he should . bat he had h ear d no argumen t s or statements which had the eff ect of lessening the truth of the reports the Government had re ceive d from Thetle iragistracY and constabular y in Ireland on this subject. Government had neither lent too willing 4° ear to the renertsaltat they had received as to the exaggerated state of the prevailiUo d istress on the one hand, or of the asser tions with rega r d to r But, with regard to the bein g a fool's paradise on the other. he wished he co:ld actual state of th e potato crop in Ire land, Government had received, himself exaggerate a d s that the reports the ready erroneoua o r , to the actual de fi ciency, were and therefore hail acted, were too pal of face upon which the Government The melancholy combination pable to be disbelieved, som e measure was neces sary to avert the apprehended eala nre it h y. Ner was this state of things confined to Ireland alone, for rn Nest of En g l an d had ascertained, upon good authority,- that i n t h e w potato crop was extensively cultivated, it g and also, where the great an extent 113 any part of Ireland. A had the re f ailed to as by the Noble Lord the Member for London , i had been stated was one w hi s k presented this singula the potato crop was often pronounced to be an a vet-eel: epamradox—that a crop faint, of so inferior a quality as to be alreost p ui er ifit en it (iarsaae, in they looked at the returns of the year 1839, it 4: 1 1. 41 -- be that the prices had be en raised p recisel y in that same s een h a d occurred in November , 1845 ; but th ere was a grea t die- Unction as to be noticed be tween the causes u p on these two occasions. For instance, it would often be found that the wheat crop was an average crop, but the quality was bad, and yet the bread made from it was not; the result was, that bad bread was not made, but that a greater quantity of inferior ts heat gaudily of bread than would was required to make the sa me ib. e ood. This had bare been necessary if the wheat had : u whi l e n , than the e ff ect of lessening the price of wheat, t • • not than"'' e , whatever took place in the price of broad. No, he w ould had hesitate on an occasion like this—for he, like many ot hers, a change of opinion to announce —to declare that his opin ion had undergone a change u h 1 d pon this subject, because e ia seen that the law of 1842 had most signally failed....-( llear, hear. ) This might have resulted from a combination of circumstances that no Government could have foreseen. But lion. Members, while they argued in favour of the corn-laws, seemed to forget that those laws were enacted in order to meet the expediency caused by a transition from a state of war to a state of peace, and now that the time came when they ought to be abolished, for they seen that other coun tries had met the circum s tance of ascarcity of food by throwing open theirports to all the world, Ho regretted that the course then being pursued had net been adopted by Hon. Gentlemen at the opp osite side. . A Noble ?fiend, who preceded him, had e .1.% the present measure was one whieli'srli g t ie u t n h a i s s e or e n e icm that Government. lic l b Ytheltilh n t w ltn i . th ß e ar i is o n n et_at the head of her ln Majesty's r- /t etyma wing that he was strongly of op t , l io m o b , e a T t is h d a nohesitation in j ,,, •:, necessity of its adoption, that the measure situ a l t cl °..EI (;‘' ~ . obe:tlftth.ne ?V- Y'L - N ft S ffi I r 1.); 40.1)- other hands. —( Hear,. hear.) He had etpected that the Noble I Lord (Lord John Russell) at the opposite gde, who had spoke of past di ff erences, regarding the sliding scale, though a convert to free trade principles, • only since last November, would have had a better right to bring fotward the present measure than had the Right Hon. Baronet. — (Hear, hear.) He regretted that the Noble Lord had made use of an expression which should convey a slur on the Hon. Members opposed to him, which was to the effect that, bad the resort been even him by M e mbers who at present sup. —. - • 1'5.... Rerohet, be !mai bare carried s aimi• - •sAI. I did same •, ported the Right nisi.. jar measure. Lord JOHN RUSSELL —I alluded to the year d admit the sound- n o refer ir. HERBERTayt hi that continued — ha s o occurred u i rLe s i n recently. nem of the Noble Lord's arguments ; but at the same time he should say that no support was ever more frankly or s free ly ly r h t a e d t offered . know, t of foreign grain, by reason of the pressers measure. He wished than h an ruin w w u a s theirs.--( i c r eiTs ( o n i I t e h a r e 1 and eh r e o e u r g s ) the l i aw p it would be told what countries w ent o ar would come from.--(Hscar, hear.) If they went to Dantzic they could purchase Polish wheat ; but he doubted if it could be got free on board at as cheap a rate as it could at present be purchased at home.—(Hear,hear.) So far from the corn-laws having pro d uc ed an unsteadiness in price, if they looked to the last en ty years, they would find that fluctuation was j t le w ssat present than in the year 1815. In Spain, where corn was grown cheaper than in any country in the world, they had to import grain from America ; and he (Mr. Her bert) should say that he found a great alteration of opinion amongst the public at large, and particularly amongst the agri culturists h and tenant farmers on the question of protection. (Hear, ear.) It was not long since that a meeting took place in a part of the country called Goatacre. He was not prepared to deny that these working men were not drawn together by their own agencies, but he would say that all the statements they advanced as to the manner in which they lived were per fectly true. He, for one, lived in the midst of a population of considerable extent, and he scarcely knew how they existed, He knew, however, that whether these facts were or were net true, the investigation of them could do no harm to the Go vernment.--( Hear, hear.) He confessed he had heard other arguments more cogent than the extension of commerce, end the advancement of the trade of the country. He saw that the question must be settled, and that this was the time in which it could be best settled with honour.—(lronical cheers from the Protection benches, and loud cheers from the Op position side of the House.) Honourable Gentlemen might have a different opinion as to what constituted a settle ment of the question, or to the honour of which he was speaking. He was speaking, not of the honour of the Government, nor of personal honour, but of what he con ceived was justifiable and expedient as an honest man.— ( Ironical cheers.) He said, after much inquiry and careful deliberation he, as an honest man, had found good reason for changing his opinion on the corn-laws. He had not lightly abandoned the opinions and convictions he had previously en tertained, but, despite the threats which had been held out, against the advice of many friends and advisers, and though the terror of his constituents had been employed to intimidate him, he had followed the dictates of his conscience rather than their infl ue nce and dictation.—(Hear, hear.) He said that all this would take place, and that it would be the subject of deep mortification to many ; but, at the same time, be knew his duty to them, as well as what he owed his country.—( Hear, hear.) He had, there fore, taken bis present course, honestly to act for the p ublic good. So much for personal honour ; but the honour to which he alluded, when interrupted, was the honour of the country gentlemen, who had now the opportunity of conceding the measure without danger. There was no danger in the question at present, whatever there might be if it was de layed. They could now allow the question to su cceed d w de- ith honour, which would not be th e case did they in feating the proposition submitted to the House. They had against them parties of great weight, independent of the agita tion of the Anti-Corn -law League—an association conducted by men of great energy and perseverance, who would not stay their exertions till they succeeded in their object.—( Hear.) He did not however call on the country gentlemen to yield to that agitation, but to the dictates of reason. If they did not yield to reason, they would be obliged to yield to another power—not a power of reason or agitation, but a more material and dangerous force. But he would suggest a stronger motive than any he had done. The public mind was net in the same state it was in 1815. In those days the Government had not the support of the people. In 1841, when the Noble Lord the Member for the City of London brought forward his budget, he (Mr. Sidney Herbert) supported the principle of free trade, but objected to its application, thinking corn an exception to the rule. He had seen reason to alter that opinion, and now the public mind was more enlightened, and men of all political parties and commercial and trading interests joined together to give effect to this measure, They saw that the corn-laws were a tax to benefit fine class at the expense of another. Honourable Gentlemen had said that the Parliamentary party of the Go vernment was broken up. Surely they did not mean to say that the great Tory or Conservative party were bound together only by a question of customs or imports—that they placed their existence on a mere political arrangement. The corn-laws were not a part of the constitution, but rather opposed to its spirit.. In former times the public mind was so sensitive regarding an import of this kind, that when the duty on corn was but sixpence a quarter, that duty had had to be suspended. He maintained that these laws were contrary to the whole spirit of the constitution. He was not one to make that constitution more democratic than it was, as democracy was in some instances rather more like despotism than what it professed to be. H e wished to preserve the aristocratic elements in it, as he con sidered them essential to the proper working of the Constitu tion ; and on these grounds he said to them, do not act in opposition to the measure—do not in any manner interfere so as to occasion its rejection. Let them recollect that great changes had taken place in their manufacturing and social arrangements. These manufacturing arrangements had been increased to an enormous extent. There might be many who doubted the propriety of these extensions—who questioned the morality of numbers congre gating—who doubted where fidelity to the state could exist in such multitudes. But he could assure the House that one of the means of diffusing wealth was the keeping up the springs of society. Their wealth was that which maintained their colonial empire—that which had given them the dominion of the world. Let them remember, too, that if they wished to disseminate their religion, their libertie-, and their faith, they could do it in no surer w than by the very manu factures that they sent abroad. — ( Cheers.) Let them also recollect that the men who extended these benefits were entitled to some portion of them. His Noble Friend who had opened the debate on the first night had, in a most eloquent address, fully characteristic of himself, stated that the Conservative party were interested in the security, peace, and welfare of the Constitution of this country. How much more then were they dependent, who bad all to lose and nothing to gain by any interruption to the peace of the country. Manufacturers had for a long time flourished, not because they were of the customs growth, but because they were of the same existence with the country. He wished to see the agricultural and manufacturing interests at peace,, joined in an inseperable union. He believed that the Government wished to cement that union—and he believed further that when the agriculturists themselves came properly to appreciate their position, they would be glad of the chance that had offered of thus extricating themselves.— ( Hear.) He believed that they would now pursue their avocation without doubt or apprehension, and he believed also that that prejudice which had before existed between classes would be swept away. The Government now offered them the oppor tunity of repairing the greatest error that was ever committed by any body of men.—(Cheers.) But the landed proprietors of this country had also contributed to the burdens of the State. They had assisted its resources; they had provided its eminent men in every department. But, however, he might affirm this, he was willing to admit that the law of 1815 was a great error.—( Hear, hear, and cheers. ) The Government now wished to repair the error.—(Hear, hear.) Would they accept it ?—(Cheers. ) His own mind had been long mule up. He hoped he had now done his duty. lie believed that the propositions of the Right Hon. Baronet at the head of the Government were not only intended for the benefit of the country, but the agriculturists themselves. He trusted they would throw all prejudices aside—that they would weigh the question aright; and let them be assured of this, that these propositions had been made for the good of the coun try and for that alone.—( Cheers.) 'I he debate was then adjourned. CITATIONS (SCOTLAND) MU. This Bill Was read a second time, and ordered to be com mitted to-awl - row. . DRAINAGE (IRELAND) BILL. The committal of this Bill was postponed till to-day. GRAND JURIES (IRELAND) BILL. Sit J AMES GRAHAM septained leave to bring in a Bill to authorise Grand Juries in Ireland, at the Spring Assizes of the present year,' to appoint Extraordinary Presentment Sessions ; to empower such Sessions to make presentment for county works, and to provide funds for the execution of such works by loans of public money. The Right Hon. Baronet subselently brought in the Bill, which was read a first time, arid ordered to be read a second time to-day. The remaining orders of the day 'were then disposed of, and the House adjourned at One o'clock. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual early walk in the garden of Buckingham Palace. Prince Albert afler wards rode out on horseback, attended by Colonel Wylde, Equerry in Waiting. Theft . Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice were taken their accustomed airings yesterday. lle4 Majesty and Prince Albert honoured the performance of the . French plays with their presence yesterday evening. The royal suite included the Marchioness of Druro, Hon. Miss herr, the Earl of Morton, Colonel Arbuthnot, and Colonel Wylde. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duches of Cambridge also honoured the performance of the French plays last evening with their presence. The; Queen and Prince Albert yesterday inspected a hand some ealver, presented by the parishioners of Alverstoke, Hants, to their late rector, the Bishop of Oxford, which was submitted by Mr. Payne. The,Duke of Cambridge visited her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester yesterday, at Gloucester House. A deputation from the West India body, consisting of Sir J. It. Reid, Bart., Mr. Barkly, M.P., Ir. Colville, Mr. S. Ilibbert, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Macgregor, and Mr. M'Chlery, had all interview with Sir Robert Peel on Saturday, at his official residence in Downing-street. Prince Castelcicala was present at the debate in the House of Commons yesterday evening. Mr. Aglionby, M.P. , Mr. Charles Buller, M.P., and Mr. Ilutt, M.P., had an interview with the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone yesterday at the Colonial-office. The President and Vice President of the Board of Trade had an interview with Sir Robert Peel yesterday. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office, from the Governor of Sierra Leone. • Lord and Lady Augustus Fitzclarence arrived at Farrance's hotel, Belgrave-street, yesterday, from their seat in ITArkslaire. .. t The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yes t rd_ at ha Lli e ti lo l r .o K rd , s 4 p h r t es_ B e .r n u t ee, w t e h r e e tleLord President, the of Cornwall, and DrLusliington. Mr. Kindersl_e,y),Chancellor of the ue.iy Queen's Counsel, was heard for the ap , pe Lint on an a Mr. Chilt,,m, from . Madras, " Arbuthnot v. Morton." The case was q4e o u uri nunsel, was heard for the resl:orident. the but, within the l A rout; TRADE I.trC '------ -'-----'-'''''-- t 1 last four r e y p ear rO s • • A ii. grain, though cer: probably from duty having t w a e in h ly m n 'e ot ha tb d r a a lo p n e g rt p 'e e c r t i l o y d— e ein bahly not aware of tact,for free -trade r -- e:v . ,Ur re► - e o c n ollected, that Sir . the day be lasted just one day. It will Robert Peel's corn-law came into ornr e at r i paying the t duties this fore the weekly averages were made up under cer tain partie.s, amongst whom was a house connectletd;wainlelt town, cleared a large quantity of grain, under protest, on the ground that, until the averages had been duly made up, no duty was payable. They subsequently brought an action against the collector of customs, we be"- here at Liverpool, for a restitution of the amount of duties so paid, and a verdict having been given against them, brought the matter by writ of error before the 4udges in the Exchequer Chamber. That writ of error has just been de cided, and the result is, that the Geovernment will have to repay to the parties all the duties which they had received en the day in question. What the total amount is, we are not at present informed...-Manckejter Guardian, The.TIIIRD EDITION of The Suit bf last erening cc utained— The conclusion of the day's proceedings Wore thc, va rious Railway Committees of the Home of Commons. The state of the Betting at Tattersalrs up to Six o'clock. An Account of the alarming Riots at Inferness. Important Intelligence from Mexico. Parlisments,ry Intelligence of the evening, being Reports of the proceedings in both Houses of Parliament up to s Quarter before Seven o'clock. - - --- ..., v.•tnrass Edition of The Sun published There at Half-past sight, containing the conclusion of the evening's Debates in the House of Lords, and a, Re port of those in the Commons up to a Quarter after Eight. The whole extending to eleven columns. CORRECTED THROUGHOUT BY THE NOBILITY. Now ready, in one vol. Svo., with upwards of 1,500 EligraVinV Of Arms, &c., price 3.Ss. bound, MR. BURKE'S PEERAG E AND BARONETAGE, MR. 1)+46. CONTAINING ALL THE NEW CREATIONS. " The most complete, the most convenient, and the cheapest work of the kind ever ofered to the public."—Sun. Henry Colbarn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. THIRD AM) CHEAPER EDITION. Now Ready, complete in 1 vol., with Illustrations, 10s. Gd. bound. THE HISTORY OF MARGARET CATCIIPOLE. A SUFFOLK GIRL. By the Rev. R. COBBOLD, of Northam, Suffolk. " Compressed into the compass of one volume, tide biography will probably become a standard work ; fur altogether Margaret Catclipole was sufficiently remarkable In character and fortune to take her place among e celeated personages of es past."—rituunla. Henry C th olburn, br times Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-sßtreet. THE PRINCE'S CLUB-HOUSE, Corner of St. James's-street, In Piccadilly. Notice.—Noblemen and Gentlemen are respectfully informest this establishment is now prepared for their reception, with aug mented arrangements and increasedaccommetiation. ?duces' Club, St. James's-street. Entrance in Piccadilly, No. 162. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS BVENING Will be performed an original Opera, entitled DON QUIXOTE. Don Quixote, Mr. Weiss ; Sancho Plum', Mr. Stratton ; Camacho, Mr. King; Rovedos, Mr. Jonas; Bastin's, Mr. Allen ; Quiteria, Miss Rainforth. At the and of the Opera Professor RISLEY and his SONS will go 'Cron& a Series of their Classical and Popular Exercises. To be followed by the Divertissement of LA RAYADERE. To conclude vritk a new grand Christmas comic Pantomine, called Wd.RLEQUIN GULLIVER ; or, Gianto and Dwarfs. Harlequin, )tr. Wieland; Clown, Mr. T. Matthews ; Pantaloon, Mr. Howell ; Celumbines, Miss Hicks and Miss Mott. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. THIS EVENING Will be repeated THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH. A Fairy Pale of Home. John Peurybingle, Mr. Stuart; Tackleton, Mr. Tilbury; Caleb Plummer, Mr. W. Farren ; Stranger, Mr. 11. Hull ; Uot, Miss Forteseue ; Bertha, Mrs. Seymour ; May Fielding, Miss Telbin ; Tilly Slewboy, Mr. Buckstone. Between the acts of the Drama the Band will perform the " Innen" and " Cerito Polkas," "La Katarina, Cellarius Waltz," lb* Overture " Fille du Verger," and "Polka, Cricket on the Hearth. - After which an original Comedy, entitled THE OLD SCHOOL. Principal characters by Messrs. Farren, Holl, Brindal, Mrs. Clifford, and Mrs. Yarnold. To conclude with a Grand New Extravaganza, entitled THE BEE AND THE ORANGE TREE; or, The Feur Wishes. Principal Characters by Mr. Hudson, Mr. James Bland, Mr. Caulfield, Mr. Clark, Mies P. Horton, Miss Julia Bennett, Mrs. Caulfield, and Mrs. Stanley. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. THIS EVENING Will be performed the Drama of LEOLINE : or, Llfe's TrLas. Principal eharaeters by Messrs. 0. Smith and Wright, Mrs. Yates, and Miss Woolgar. To be followed by a Now Farce, entitled THE PHANTOM BREAKFAST. Supported by Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. Wright, Miss Woolgar, &e. To eonclude with a Barletta, called POWDER AND BALL ; or, tt. Tibbs's Eve. Principal characters by Messrs. Selby, Wright, 11 un yard, Sanders; Mrs. Frank Matthews and Miss Woolgar. THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MRS. KEELEY. The thicket on the Hearth," and " The Enchanted Horse" every Evening until further notice THIS EVENING WILL BE PERFORMED THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH: A FAIRY TALE OF HOME. The Principal Characters by Mr. and Mrs. Kee le y , Mr. Emery, Mr. F. Viniut, Mr. Meadows, and Miss Greve. To be followed by the original REDOWA WALTZ, music com posed by M. Jullien, by Miss Frampton and Master Forrest. After which will be repeated a New Grand Romantic extravaganaa, entitled THE ENCHANTED HORSE; or, Prince Firouz Schah of Persia and the Princess of Bengal. Principal Characters by Messrs. Keeley, Wigan, F. Matthews, Collier, Turner, Kinloch, &e.; Ales lames Keeley, Villars, Hodson, Dawson, Howard, Ardeu. &c. Stalls, ss. ; Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, se. ; Gallery, 6d. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. THIS EVENING Will be performed a New Drama, entitled TIIE VIOLET. Andre Mr. Wellack ; Trinquet, Mr. Granby ; Armand , Mr. Murray ; Mar , chioness D'Orville, Mrs. Fosbroke ; Blanche, Miss Stanley ; Blan chette, Mrs. Stirling. To be followed by a DIVERTISSEMENT, in which Mr. Gilbert, Mr. Marshall, M. Adrien, Miss Bailin, Miss Marshall, and 31(1110. Duval will appear. After which, a New Farce, called TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH. Gregory Granite, Mr. Compton ; George, Mr. Oxberry ; Fanny, Miss E. Stanley. To conclude with the New Christmas Pantomime, entitled THE KET OF THE KINGDOM ; or, HARLEQUIN AND THE FAIRY BLUE BELL. Harlequin, Mr. W. H. Harvey ; Columbine, Miss Bullen ; Clown, Mr. Flexmore ; Pantaloon, Mr. T. Hill. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee, Miss Kate Howard. THIS EVENING Will be performed the Domestic Drama, called OUR VILLAGE. In which Messrs. Waldron, C. Boyce, Romer, Cockrill, 0. Wi'd, Miss Hamilton, Miss Bromley, and Mrs. Leclercq will appear. After which will be repeated THE CRICKET ON OUR OWN HEARTH. Dot, Miss Kate Howard. To be followed by ANGELS AND LUCIFERSi. In which Mr. Wild will appear. And concluding with the new Pantomime, unapproachable fbr glee and g randeur, called FORTUNITUS ; or, THE MAGIC CAP. Fortuaatus, Miss Hamilton ; Prince Megrim, Mr. Cockrill ; Fairy Queen, Miss Bromley ; Harlequin, Mr. Sruythers ; Pantaloon, Mr. Merles ; Clown, Mr. Jefferini ; Columbine, Miss Laidlaw. NEW STRAND THEATRE. TWO MORNING PERFORMANCES DURING TILE WEEK. M. PHILLIPPE will (by desire), and in consequence of the im mense overflows which have attended his Morning Performances, give Grand Juvenile Entertainments every Wednesday and Sa turday Mornings, commencing st Two o'clock. M. Phillippe's most Popular Deceptions and Peculiar Experiments will be repeated every Evening, varied by the Amusing Per formances of the Chiarini Family, and the astounding Feat& of the American Brothers.—Doors *pen at a quarter past Seven, to com mence at a quarter before Eight. Chills, 3e.; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, Cd. ; Private Boxes, 1/. Is., and 11. 11 s. 6d. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRI4 OF ARTS. Me most extraordinary Novelty ever produced.—The New Grand Oriental Spectacle, which has been playing in Paris with repeated success. THIS EVENING • Will be performed a New Drama, entitled THE RAJAH OF N.LOPORE ; or, the Sacred Elephants of the Pagoda. In which will be introduced the performing Colossal Elephants and Camels, whose recent arrival caused unprecedented sensation in the metropolis. New Scenes of the Circle, combining the talent of the French and English Artistes. To conclude with a favourite ♦fterpiece. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Full Houses every Night. Seventh Week of the " Mendicant Son" and the Pantomime. Last Six Nights of the Pantomime. THIS EVENING Will be performed THE MENDICANT SON; or, The Jew 01 iouthwark. Supported by Messrs. Hughes, Johnson, Rogers. well, Maynard, Lewis, Heslop ; Mesdasnea H. Yining, Martin, a•id Daly. After which a new Drama, entitled NORAH CRENA. Cha racters by Messrs, Rogers, Johnson, Lewis; Mdmes. H. Vining and Daly. To conclude with it new Grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN AND THE OLD WITCH OF TEDDINGTON ; or, The Golden Days of Good Queen Bess. Harlequin, Mr. Cormack ; - .lolumbine, Miss Smithyss ; Clown, Mr. Paul Herring ; Pantaloon, Mr. Anderson ; Sprite, Mr. Stilt. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. To surpass so much Novelty and Attraction is igmossible. Second Week of the New Grand Romance of " The Prisoners of the Seventeenth Century.* First Week of " The Cook at Kenning• ton." Third Week of " The Ruined blouse at Millbank." THIS EVENING. Will be performed a new Drama, entitled, THE MARCHIONES , :. DE DRINVILLIERS ; or, The Poisoners of the Seventeenth Cen tury. Principal characters by Messrs. Saville, Fredericks, Dalq, and Miss Vincent. To be followed by THE COOK AT KENNINGTON ; or, Nc Followers Allowed." Characters by Messrs. James, Harbert, Searle ; Miss Terry, Mrs. Lee, &c. To conclude with THE RUINED HOUSE AT MILBANK. supported by Messrs. Saville, Fredericks, Dale, Higgie, Searle. Herbert, Misses Vincent, Terry Richardson, &s. THE WEATIIER.—SuN OFFICE, FEB. 10. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 30; Highest, 40; Noon, 36 BAROMETER, 30.-16.—WIND E., frosty. MGM WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE Tills DAY. Morning .• 6i raLuutes after 1. I Evening 55 minntea after 1 4g247..r, •Ahi3OWAIC • *`,.• '' i, .41PrP -:" 414-•-•'"' rj , • m o' . l. • SECOND EDITION. bruin 6 LONDON, TUESDAY.' FEBRUARY 10, 184 G Their Lordships commenced business shortly after Five o'clock. Lord STANLEY presented a petition from the county Lancaster, fignod by 12,339 persons in favour of protec tion lo agriculture. Several petitions were presented by Lord BEAUMONT and the Earl of REDESDALE. Lord BEAUMONT gave notice, for the Duke of RICH MOND, of his intention, on Thursday next, to move for certain returns regarding local taxation. He also moved that their Lordships should be summoned for that day. Earl GREY presented a petition from the tenant farmers of Forfar in favour of the Ministerial plan for the reduction of duties on the various articles of food The petition, however, deprecated the delay of tbret years, considering it injurious to their interests. The Noble Earl trusted that the opinion of the petitioners would have weight with her Majesty's Ministers. Earl ST. GERMANS moved the second reading of the Public Works (Ireland) Bill. He thought that thi , measure would be found most beneficial in developing the resources of Ireland. The Bill would bring liona to the peasantry of Ireland employment at their owl. doors. Lord MONTEAGLE supported the Bill, and deprecated the conduct of the Government in withholding from the consideration of Parliament the whole of the report they had received relative to the probable condition of Ireland in consequence of the failure of the potato crop. The Duke of WELLINGTON assured the Noble Lord that the consideration he had suggested to him on Fri day last had been fully looked into, and every attention would be given by the Government to the wants of Ireland. Measures would be introduced in the course of the present session for that purpose. Lord STOURTON supported the Bill. The Earl of DEVON supported the Bill, aad trusted the Government would be liberal in their grants, not only to improve public wcrks in Ireland, but the con dition of tha agricultural labourers in Ireland. The Earl of RODEN supported the second reading of the Bill, but there were some clauses in it Which he hoped to see improved and altered in Committee. He hoped the condition of Ireland, in consequence of the failure of the potato crop, would nut turn out to be so serious as was anticipated, The Marquis of LANspow:it c•AetArreil in the prin einl. «1,- v =ti P-, I. lar as it went. lord CoTTF.NitArq agr?etl, to 0r, , , of t h e Bill, but he consider ed that its details would requi re altera tion in Committee. Th e Earl of MOITNTCASIIEL was assured that erp 10 - 4 7 g 14e therefore, fatul that every facility ip, but disturbances, t l h re e l r a e nd w;ould no not tru o s n t l e y d, would be I , iven, and that withntAt loss of time, to the employment of the poor of I re l E m. After some observations from Lord CAMPBELL, the Bill wm read a second time, and ordered to be committed on Friday next. The Earl of WILTON presented a petition from Man chester in favour of free trade. Their Lordships then adjourned. The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'clock. Lord Mon - Pk:TR took the oaths and his seat for the West Riding of - Yorkshire. The Noble Lord was intro duced by Mr. BYNU, the Member for Middlesex, and Lord Join RUSSELL, and was most enthusiastically cheered. Mr. APCARTRY, for Cork, took the oaths and his sent. The Hon. Gentleman was introduced by Mr.O'CoNNELL. Leave was given to bring in several railway Bills. The Edinburgh Waterworks Bill was brou,ght in, read a first, and ordered to be read a second time, Mr. KEMBLIR brought in the London and South- Western Railway Bill. The report of the Sub-Committee on the Ayrshire and Galloway Railway Bill, reporting that the standing orders had not been complied with, was ordered to be referred back to the Committee, after a short discussion. Sir H. HALFWIT) presented a petition from Liverpool, signed by 2,000 persons, against any alteration in the corn-laws. The Earl of MARCH presented a similar petition from Sussex, signed by 9,000 persons. Mr. LEADER presented a petition from Westminster, in favour of a total repeal of the corn-laws, signed by 73,000 persons. Several other petitions having been presented on the subject of the proposed alterations in the commercial policy of the country, among which were 103 by Lord MORPETH (who was received with enthusiastic cheer ing), from various places in the West Riding of York shire in favour of the Ministerial measures generally, with the exception of that part which relatki to the corn•laws, of which laws they prayed the total and im mediate repeal, Mr. FERRAND asked if the signatures to those peti• tions were affixed to them with the free and unbiassed wills of the parties signing, because he was prepared to prove that many of the workmen had been forced ? The SPEAKER—The Hon. Member may ask a ques tion on the presentation of a petition, but he cannot make a speech. . . . The Hos. MEMBER repeated his question, to which Lord MORPETH replied that, to the beet of his belief and the entireness of his conviction, the signatures had been affixed by the free and unbiassed will of the parties signing. Mr. W. 0. STANLEY gate notice of an amendment in the Committee on the Customs' Act, t') the effect that wheat should be subject to a fixed duty of 55., barley of 3s. 6d., and oats of 25., in place of the Ministerial proposition. Mr. M. MILNES gave notice of an amendment to omit in the resolution with regard to corn all, words refer ring to the duties payable after 1849. Several unopposed returns having been agreed to, The Members constituting the Committee on Parlia mentary Election Petitions were then sworn at the table. In answer to Dr. BOWRING, Mr. CARDWELL explained the measures which had been adopted for the purpose of carry ing out the r(com- tnendations of the Committee on Colonial Accounts. Mr. BRIGHT wished to ask if it was not the intention that the sums levied as fines on factory owners should be fairly divided among all schools, and not as they hud hitherto been, distributed at the rate of lOW. to schools connected with the Established Church to 301. to schools connected with Dissenters. Sir J. GRAHAM said that the sums were to be fairly distributed, but that he understood that few applications had been made for Dissenting or Catholic schocls. Sir R. INcers wished to know whether it was intended that an equal sum should be given to Church and Dis senting schools, or a proportionate sum ? Sir J. GRAHAM said that it was intended that the sum should be apportioned to the wants of the school. Mr. LIDDELL asked if the Government was prepared to take any steps for the improvement of the juvenile population of the metropolis ? Sir J. GRIUAM explained the steps which had been already taken for the improvement and reformation of , juvenile offenders in the metropolis; and stated, if it were the pleasure of the House to vote the necessary funds, he would feel it his duty to propose further mea sures for the reformation of juvenile offenders. Sir R. PEEL explained, in relation to his reply to the Noble Lord's question the other night as to his answer on the subject of the reduction of the corn duties, that he could find no precedent for the Treasury sanctioning the reduction of the duty on the receipt of the re port, and that, therefore, he could not consent to any reduction on the corn duties until the proposed alteration should become law, but so convinced was he of the necessity of proceeding with the alteration in the corn-laws at once that he proposed to proceed with the measure for the alteration of the corn-laws, in preference to any othe r public measure, and to every other alteration in the tariff until it should become law. In reply to Mr. M. PmiLles, Sir R. PEEL said that if the debate should be ad jonrned over Tuesday, there w ou ld be no alternative but to resume the debate on Wednesday at twelve and finish it at six. The Right Hon. Baronet also explained that necessarily there must be an interval between the first and second readidg of the Corn Bill, during which he might bring forward other articles in the tariff, but that he would proceed with the Corn Bill with all the speed that the forms of the House would permit. On the motion that the order of the day for the House resolving itself into Committee being read, a host of petitions on the subject of the corn-laws were presented. After the presentation of the petitions, which lasted until after six o'clock, Mr. PHILIP MILES rose to move the amendment of which he had given notice, viz., that the House should resolve into Committee this day six months. The pro posed change in our commercial policy was a change even greater than that proposed by the Reform Bill, and on a question involving such vital interests, the constituen cies Vf the country ought to be consulted, more especi ally when it was considered that this Parliament had been elected upon protectionist principles. He ad mitted the failure of the potato crop in Ireland, but the oat crop and the wheat crop in that country was above the average. There was no fear of a famine. He could well understand that the Right Hon. Baronet might feel alarm at the state of things in Ireland, but if he had watched the state of the markets he would see there was no cause of alarm. He would say' it' there was danger of a famine, open your ports, but tie contended that there was no danger whatever ef famine, and, looking at the course pursued by the Right Honourable Baronet, lie could not but come to the conclusion that the cause of protection had in the R;ght Hon. Baronet's mind been long doomed. He thought the agricultural interests of the country was entitled to moderate protection. He recollected the talent with which the Right lion. Baronet had upheld the doctrines of protection, and he could foresee the ability with which he would control them, but he feared not because he felt that he had a large minority in that House, and a large party out of it. Three months ago the Member on the Treasury Bench supported the doc trine of protection, and if his opinions had undergone such a change, he should have felt bound to follow the example of the Noble Lord the Member for Dorsetshire. He could not see where these changes were to end, and if these were agreed to, greater still must follow ; changes which would shake the public credit. ['he Hon. Gentleman then proceeded to take a review of he history of our commercial policy since the accession )f Sir R. PEEL to office, and contended that the pros perity of the industrious classes had been owing, not .to the free trade measures of the Government, but :o the immense increase of our railway system, which had created a demand fur labour, anti in consequence of which the prices of iron had risen enormously—to the cessation of war ill India—and to the succession of good harvests ; and he believed that much of that prosperity would have taken place if the Noble Lord opposite had been in power. He denied that the amount of exports afforded a fair indication of commercial prosperity. Foreign markets were glutted with our goods. It was the home trade which afforded the finest ele ments for the calculation of the amount of our commercial prosperity. With regard to the corn-lae s, the law of 1842 had worked well ; it had secured steadiness of price, and he could not con sent to its alteration. The Right Honourable Baronet had said in 1842 that 565. was a fair price for the farmer. He would like to know what he considered a fair price now ? The Right Hononurable Barce:cl, said that his proposed measure would not lower the price of wheat, what then became of the argument of the cheap loaf? There was a vast difference between cheapness produced by a good harvest and cheapness produced by importation. Mr. Huskisson had said that cheapness produced by importation was the sure forerunner of a scarcity. He considered that a free trade in corn would lead to greater fluctuation in price than had ever be known ; that it would be of greater 9,11, - ;41; 44 g , .. foreigners than to ourselves ; ;had it would produce agricultural ttai,.."..zss, and ',ewer wages, If the mea sure pmnd, 'V. other protective . 3 4litiV2 must be repealed; navigation laws and reciprocity treatise must be all ewept 4wi t y, Would the League dissolve if this Daefitsiire passed i or if they should, would not others rise up in their place to agitate other questions ? The manufacturers would fitai it exceedine„ly ditfeult to compete with foreigners unless they reduced their wages. In eyery other item except wages, the manufacturers of this country were in every respect equal to the foreigners. The manufacturer could do without protection better than the agriculturist, because his position was batter. He could keep a closer superintendence over his work men than the agriculturist. He was not de pendent upon the weather. He could secure his twelve hours' work, while the agriculturist could not, he thought they ought not to be ;objected to the same laws. The menufecturer was less burdened than the agriculturist. On a factory paying 30,0004 per annum wages, the burdens were only 500/. a year. The burdens on agriculture were greater in proportion, and the compensation proposed really amounted to nothing. The agriculturieta would have been better pleased if the Right Hon. Baronet had offered them nothing at all, Then with regard to sugar —scarcely had the free-labour sugar been admitted, than they were told the colonists could stand a little more competition. Would not the same course be pursued with regard to the farmers? With regard to the colonies, he would say treat them as integral parts of the empire; extend free trade to them, and do not let the manufacturers enjoy the mono poly of the colonial market. He eonsidered that the manufacturing interest had been stimulated too much. The progress of our manufactures was really alarming, and he considered that he was best promoting the interests of the country by maintaining the present system of pro tection. Sir W. HEATHCOTE seconded the amendment. He con sidered the measure visionary and delusive, but he did not join with those who accused the Minister of acting dis honestly, although he could not but think that the shock given to faith in public men by the conduct of the Go vernment was much to be regretted. The scheme, even if impartial, would not have met with his approval, and he considered the free-triode legislation of the last 20 years had produced most disastrous effects, which had only been remedied by the increase of our colonial trade. But the scheme was not impartial, inasmuch as it did not equally depriv all parties of protection. That branch of labour to which manual labour entered most largely was entirely deprived of protection, which protection was continued to industry connected with machinery, which did least require it. The English farmer, living in a country where taxation was heavy, and the money-price of articles very high, was not in a position to compete with the foreigner; and the position of the English farm r rendered it diffi cult to award to him any sufficient compensation. He could not be insensible to the danger of depending upon foreigners for a supply of food, rnsr could he forget that the farmers now fed a populaion three times the amount cf that fed fifty years ago, or that at this moment England was the only European country possessing a full supply of food. He would have supported a measure for facili tating the introduction of colonial corn, but the pis sent measure was essentially anti-colonial. He would not go into the question of compensation, or any particular ques tion, for so convinced was he of the impolicy of the mea sure, that he should oppose it generally. lie was not indifferent to the fate of the Ministry ; he would not transfer his support to the Noble Lord and his friends, for he differed with them even more than he did with the Right Hon. Baronet. The Right Hon. Baronet was bound to consult his sup porters as to his measures, and if, because they differed from him, he chose to throw up the Government, on him, and not on them, rested the responsibility. Mr. W. LASCELLES had watched with jealous care the course which the Government had pursued since they first came into office, and he denied that this change had been a sudden or an unexpected one. The alteration in the Tariff involved the whole principle of free trade, and when the Right Hon. Baronet had been asked if he intended to alter the corn-laws, he had stated that he did not then intend to propose any altera tion, but that he would not bind himself to their main tenance under all circumstances. In every instance in which the principles of free trade had been adopted prosperity had been the result, and their experience had confirmed the theory of free trade. He, therefore, should feel it his duty to support the Government measure, however painful it might be to him to differ from many of his friends. Lord NORREYS regretted that he was obliged, not oily to oppose the Government on this question, but to withdraw his confidence altogether from the Right Honourable Baronet. He had refused to pledge himself to oppose the Government measure until he knew what it was. He considered the conduct of the Cen tral Protection Society unconstitutional, and had re fused to give any pledges, but having heard the Right lion. Baronet statement he felt bound to offer him every opposition in his power. He thought the Right Hon. Baronet ought not to have returned to power until he had opened the eyes of the agriculturists, by telling a Noble Duke, who had taken a great interest in these questions, to endeavour to form an ad ministration, and the Right Honourable Baronet would have found less difficulty in carrying his measure. But he could scarcely have expected that the Right Hon. Baronet, who in 1840 had objected to an Bs. duty, should now propose a 4s. duty, to end in total repeal He did not tax the Right Honourable Baronet with dishonesty but with want of political foresight. if the question were carried, it would be only because the House preferred having the question by the Right Hon . Baronet, to having it settled by the Noble Lord al though, for his part he doubted whether they would not be better off in the hands of the Noble Lord than in those of the Right Hon. Baronet. Whatever might be the confusion resulting from this measure the Right Hon Baronet must be responsible for it. Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE went through the history of tha corn-laws from the time of Henry VI. up to the pre sent time. He could not see in all this any question of principle, and he thought a corn-law admitted of every variety of enactments. Neither did:he consider that, even upon a question of principle, it were requisite to appeal to the people, and quoted the autho rity of Mr. Puss in support of his opinions. lie denied that the House of Commons was a mere assembly of dole. gates, it was a deliberative and a legislative assembly, and Members had a right to change their opinions. The question of the corn-law was one of great difficulty. It was impossible to propose an unalterable law on the subject ; indeed, whoever imagined an unalterable law was an unalterable tool. Looking to the social changes which bad taken place in the last sixteen years—to the increase of our population and of our manufactures, he could not contend for an unalterable corn-law. It was necessary to alter our commercial policy in consequence of these changes, and of the changes introduced by the Reform Bill, so as to make it in accordance with the feelings and interests of the people. The country had confidence in the present Government, and he should support the commercial alterations which they had pro posed. He believed that there had been a great change in the feelings of the farmers of late with regard to the repeal of the corn-laws, espe cially in Scotland. The Right Honourable Baronet was neither a god nor a tyrant, but he believed him to be a man anxious to do good for his country. He voted for this mea sure because he had confidence in her MAJESTY'S Ministers, and because he was anxious for the welfare and happiness of the poorer classes of his fellow subjects. Mr. DEEDES could not support the proposition of her MAJESTY'S Government with respect to the corn-laws, believing that that proposition would shake public confidence, and drive the English agriculturists out of the English market. The measure with respect to corn had been revised and corrected in 1842, by Parliament. and it was astonishing that the very men who then pro posed that revision and correction were now declaring that it was wrong. In early life he had looked up to the Right Hon. Baronet at the head of the Government as his political leader ; but he could consider him in that light no longer. He considered that the agriculturists of this country, under the existing law, had not had more protection than they were entitled to. He believed that the proposition of the Government was only an experiment upon the native industry of the country. He felt convinced, that if those propositions were to become law, the country would ho placed at the mercy of foreigners for the necessaries of life. On that ground alone, he should feel himself bound to op pose the measures of the Government. The House was then addressed by Sir J. WALSH and Mr. B. HOPE, against the Ministerial proposition. Lord SANDON, although he did not approve altogether of doing away with all protection, would yet, consider- In i -, ircurnsi4.lc • .ft v.si• propo.nion. Lord J. litissEnn, although he would have preferre•l a measure for the total and immediate repeat of the core,- laws, would yet vote in favour of the Ministerial propo sition. The Noble Lord, in a very caustic manner, contrasted the conduct which the Whigs were pursuing, ' giving their support to the Conservative Ministry to carry Liberal ibeasures, with the factious oppowi:): was offpred to the Whip: Minitry by Sir H. and the Conservative upposition. Sir B. INGLIS and Captain FIT7ALtURICE spoke against the Ministerial proposition., Mr. S. HERBERT supported the measure, and defended the course that had been pursued by the Government, and the change that had taken place in their opinions with respect to the corn-laws, lie denied the nod ni the corn-laws being patt, or the eonstituiion of the coui,- try, because they wefe contrary to it. He believed that the proposal of the Government was calculated to cement the interests of the agriculturists and the manufacturers, and gave an opportunity of repairing one of the greatest errors that was ever committed by the Legislature of this country. He was Lonlident of the success of the measure in that House. • ,'ho debate was then adjourned to to-morrow. • The other Orders of the Day were then disposed of, and the House adjourned at One o'Clock. Much interest, it appears, had been excited in various quarters by the first night's debate on the corn-laws in the Commons. The House was thronged last evening, at an early hour, and numerous groups were col lected in the streets, as if in anticipation cf some momentous disclosure, or splendid oratorical displays from leading Members on both sides of the House. But never was disappointment greater ;—for, taking the discussion altogether, it was from beginning to end the most heavy, dull, contempti ble Parliamentary exhibition that could well be imagined. Ob solete opinions raked up, old tales repeated, Tory abuse et the Tory leader, lamentation over the downfal of the strong Ministry, speeches without argument, and quotations from old songs, and of the most com mon-place and even ridiculous character, occupied the popular branch of the Legislature for some six or seven hours. Even the speech of Lord Jolla RUSSELL possessed the smallest possible interest. He had nothing new to tell, he had no arguinents to answer; not one of the speakers on the other side advanced any charge against him or his party, and the same scene will be repeated for at least three or four nights more. On no occasion in the history of Parliament was there ever such a lack of even third-rate speakers (for those of the first and second class do not exist), as are to be found among that party who regard themselves as the pillars of the State, the guardians of England's rights, and the only real friends of the poor, helpless labourer, the oppressed farmer, and even the operative manufacturer. It is unfortunate, as well as singular, that each a good cause should be so destitute of defenders, sad that all the able men of both parties should be so blind to the best interests of their country as to forget even their poli tical animosities and unite in ruining these pa triots and philanthropists. A fatality has seized our statesmen. PEaL and RUSSELL, and O'CON NELL and HUME, have formed a most unholy en t dangerous alliance, the very Court has lent its aid to carry out their mischievous schemes, and there are few to resist their machinations except such men as MILEs and FITZMAURICIC, and BUCKINGHAM and RICHMOND, backed by the Spitalfields' weevers. What the result may be our readers can easily divine, Mind must prevail over matter, and statesmen of long expe rience —men, too, who have no interest in changing thei, opinions, except for the welfare of their common country who, for this, have sacrificed political ties, personal friend ship, and renounced long-cherished principles from the fuller conviction—must in the end obtain the victory and carry their plans into effect. In the meantime, however, their task i; very irksome. They are compelled to listen to the most vapi( and incoherent harangues, and nothing is advanced by thei opponents except what excites ridicule or contempt Mr. HOPE compares PEEL to WOLSEY, tells why the LORI CHANCELLOR sits on a sack of wool, and laments tint the commercial system of centuries is to be put. al end to, like " a mere flea-bite." Captain FITZMAURICh showed that it came to the same thing, whether a man was killed by one thrust of a sword or b) inserting into his body ten thousand needles ; that Sir ROBERT PEEL'S views were traced in steam, and after lamenting the protracted agonies of British farmers, said they might well sing " Blow ye wintry winds." These are fair specimens of the orations made by the protectionists last evening, and we fear also of those yet to come. The public, however, will bear with them patiently, for they are of good omen. They announce that monopoly will be destroyed without further agitation, and that the most important commercial reforms that ever distinguished and blessed a nation will be carried by the most peaceable means. The accounts from Ireland of the progress of famine and of its attendant pestilence are really fearful. We have re ceived from Mr. S-riororr, the Secretary of the Dublin Man sion-house Committee on the Potato Disease, the recently published report of the Committee on the subject, which gives us returns from every part of Ireland up to the 22d of January, 1846, being nearly two months later than tin accounts which have been laid on the table of the Ifous. of Commons. On the Bth of November the Com mittee sent circulars to the ministers of religion of ever) denomination throughout Ireland, to the deputy-- lieutenants, justices of the peace, and landed proprietors, and to all the Poor-law Boards, containing, among others, thefol lowing queries : " Ist—Whether the crop of potatoes was in point of quan tity an average crop? "2d—What proportion of the crop has been already lost by decomposition, or otherwise? " 3d—What is your opinion as to the probability of the re maining portion continuing sound during the year ?" 983 letters, from all parts of Ireland, were received in answer, between the 12th November and tin , 6th December, 1845, and from these it appears that in 415 cases the crop was above the average ; that in 409 in_ stances there was an average crop ; and that in 117 cases tht crop was below the average; that the proportion of the crop lost by disease, up to 6th December, 1845, was in 292 cases under one-third; in 291 cases fully one-third; in 242 cases one-half ; and in 81 cases more than a halt . Then, with regard to the chances of saving the remainder, 428 of the respondents declared themselves unable to form an opinion, 185 thought the remainder might be saved, and 262 were of opinion that it could not be saved. Be it remem bered, that during the whole of this time, and in the very face of these facts, the monopolist party in England and Ireland were loudly denying the existence of any failure of the potato crop, and when at length compelled reluctantly to admit that a disease had existed, they as loudly proclaimed that i• had ceased, and that the supply of sound potatoes was stil ample. Now let us test those assertions by facts. On th 10th of December the Mansion-house Committee ad dressed the following queries to their former corre spondents : " Ist—ls there any change, and especially is there any favourable change, in the potato crap in your vicinity sine, the date of your last letter? "2d—Do you see any reason to alter or add to the opinions given by you in that letter? If so, be so good as to state the same. "3d—What, according to your judgment, is the presen prospect of there being a sufficiency of potato food for th people in your locality for the coming season ? "4th—What quantity of the potato crop in your neigh bourhood do you consider to have become unlit for hum& food?" They had received 523 letters in reply up to the 22d o January, 1846. In ninety instances it Was stated that there was a prospect of a sufficiency of potato food during the en suing season—in 364 instances the supply of potato food was insufficient. Then, with regard to the quantity of the po- tato crop unfit for human food, in 111 cases it was under one third, in 110 cases it was one-third, in 148 cases it was one half, and in 84 cases it was more than one-half. Already have the people of Ireland suffered severely from al insufficient supply of food—already has fever, the conse quence of famine, made its •appearance in the south of Ire land. Its ravages at Dungarvan have been fearful. If; within the next two months, something is not done to secure to the poor Irish a sufficient supply of cheap and nutritive food, they will be dying by hundreds of actial starvation, and a famine and a pestilence, more horrible and more ex terminating than ever before afflicted this unhappy country, will rage throughout the length and breadth of the lan4 And yet Mr. PHILIP MILES, last evening, with all that coo ness which is so characteristic of the rashness 01 ignorance, declared in the House of Commons that notwithstanding the failure of the pototo crop, there was no danger of a famine in Ireland, because there had been an ample crop of barley and oats. ♦s well might he have said that there had been an ample crop of pine-apples. " The Irish agricultural labourers and their families," says my Lord DEVON, in a report which Mr. Plum Mit.Es should have carefully studied before he yen• turgid to give an opinion as to the probability o the occurrence of a famine in Ireland—" the Irish agricultural labourers and their families are calculated to amount to more than four millions of human beings, whose only food is the potato, whose only drink is water, whose houses are pervious to the rain, to whom a bed or 'blanket is a luxury almost unknown, and who are more wretched than any other people in Europe." How are these unfortunate persons to purchase barley and oats at monopolists' prices. Admit foreign grain and maize, and they may become purchasers, because by increasing the supply the price of food in Ireland would be decreased, and that, and that alone, could place corn food within the reach of those who have hitherto depended entirely on the potato for subsistence. The Government has proposed to the Legislature a measure, which, by throwing open the ports, will go far to wards increasing the supply and decreasing the price of fond in Ireland. On those who, for their own selfish and avari cious purposes, shall obstruct the progress of that measure will rest the responsibility of whatever may occur in Ireland, in consequence of such obstruction, as on those who, in November, thwarted in the Cabinet the wise and beneficent measures proposed by the Premier rests the responsibility of whatever has occurred there up to the present time. The Paris papers contain no news of importance. The Journal des Dubois lass a long article on the protracted dis- cussions and the numerous amendments made during th in e period often dayp on the Address in reply to the Speech fro `,ittiCllC,ll at the ''feated it '"I'• L/k: had UCLII by much larger majorities than were anticipated, althoeurgt the topics urged were generally those of a popular charact such as the right of search, the policy with regard to differences between England and America, and the en tent e t, cordiale. On the entire of the Address the maji°*.sritrjl was larger than any gained by Le since the accession of M. GUIZOT. The "P l ' a i of but , ev ot e journals at quite silent on these subjec ts, their -, make an undeservei aiu , cl: upon M. t hose for honestly expressing hi s sen timents in opposition to3i vs of Tingits, Durex, and other Deputies of that cla's• LAMARTINE had written to the Constitutionnel and Address, he had put his ball into the wrong urn, fo o t p . to state that , by mistake in the division on the w hole r o t f i t c l ii l oi e s his intention to vote against the amendment of th e e P Ar je tion, on the ground that they tended to encourag r the rica in her territorial aggres;io,s, and also to fu our he slave trade. To both these he is decidedly oPP°'ed' and declares so in strong language. On Saturday eve T g oo the, PHILIPPE received at the Tuileries a deputation ' r a d hi, Chamber of Deputies with the Address, which was t is ktt the President, and returned the following reply. JEt,TY appears to have been grea tly delighted with the r e s t " Gentlemen,—l receive this address of the discussions on the Address : tisfaction. lam happy to find in it so striking a m anifes ti l d tiun of the support which you lend to my Government, a of that loyal and steadfast concord which is at once them e of its strength, and the guarantee of all our liberties. t i e opinion is every day more convinced that it is bY e rs regular progress and the perfect concord of all the FO R ,. of the State that France has attained the higb, n be gree of prosperity upon which it is so delightful to Ine t hat able to congratulate you. Yes, gentlemen, it is wit h j c) „,, Y tri% I express my confidence in the prospects of our com''t This confidence is fortified by the sentiments you ha" 'pe' uttered. I see in them a presage that this harmonions ration, becoming every day more complete, shall contintlei future generations a greater develoment of that well beof (bkn i;tre) at present so much enjoyed by all Ar se ° 5 1 0 . 1 r society. Such, for a long time, has been the w's'• heart and the object of my efforts. For myself, my with vers' great sat lightful recompense will be found i n th e re flection th a ' t ' e d to safely hope that my gover nmen t s h a ll h av e contri iti " ensure such benefits to my country." Very little business was done in the Funds on Sunday' Amiens, the quotations were nearly the same as on SaturdaP BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS I , d Boulogne and ° S l T l O 7( 4 C — K B E o X rde l a i tt N a G n E d .4 F l:d s bie j 9 t rr . to nfoo rror i ejol.; Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette ( Mackenzie), 2}l—Dutch Rhenish, 7%—East India enzi fk, 2 t Don 13i sular, —Jamaica North 2.11,11 and, % --Gres jeopptito —Luxembourg, 23i —Madrid and IThlenti ' 74 a : n ° IO U gi oll d 35y—Orleans and Bordeaux, l2—lto' a ' es uen and Havre, • larg e It is strongly rumoured in p o liti ca l c i rc l e s that a 10 number of Conservative Peers h ave d e t erm ined not °P ° r Sir ROBERT PEEL'S Corn Bill on th e s econd re a— it t going into Committee ; but in Committee to s u lliding" amendment for making Sir R. PEEL'S proposed 5 00 0 scale fer the next three years pe rmanen t. It need o°t/1,600 that the carrying of such a measure will be a ::0 0 embarrassment to the Minister, as it is impossible t'ltlie the Bill so amended returning to the House o f Coral 0" Liberal party could agree to the amendment. /51/° : A rumour was in circulation yest er d a y that Lord el was to succeed Lord LINCOLN as Fi r st Conunissi°l:3,,of the Woods and Forests, and to be raised to the late r Lords. We have good reasons f or b e lieving that tile part of the report is without foundation. ) HOUSE OF LORDS.-(THIS n THE CORPORATION OF GLOUCESTER V. OSBORN O P „r S e j,h The House sat to-day, at ten o'clock, for the P`ll ° ol` - t lie.ring the further arguments in the part-heard sPPeiviae,e; respect to the will of Mr. James Wood, the late e tis banker of Gloucester. The Peers in attendanc e Lord Chancellor, Lord Cottenham, and Lord Can 3 P be j o 'rell* The arguments occupied their Lordships the whole A.l( PRIV Y COUNCIL.—(T HIS nto The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council slv ot e' at the Council Chamber, Whitehall. The Lords Pre' oo 4 the Lord President (the Duke of B u ccle uc h), Lord v ii r d of o f the Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce, the Chanen on), Ducey of Cornwall (Mr. Pembe r t o n Lei g h), the Admiralty Court (the Ri g ht li on . D r . Lushiob" A. East, and Sir Edward Ryan. ARBUTHNOT V. NORTON. or" . In this appeal from Madras their Lordships rep% judgment of the Court below. bi t Colonial appeals of no general inter e st o ccupied t ships the remainder of the morning. • ) QUEEN'S BENCH.--( THIS 1)- (Before Mr. Justice WIGHTMAN.) 011 01 At the sitting of the Court thi s d ay , a c ase 0-4 " of which is net likely to conclude before the risiefoestoj Court. It is an action arisin g out of a dispute bet E L I O Frenchmen, one of whom (the plaintiff) alleged tbisos," invented a filter, for which he was to receive a ce o from his partner (the defend an t), w h o d en ied the cl case is of no interest to the public. O ) COMMON PLEAS- ( THIS - D GAMBLE V. KURTZ. 0 0 1, 0 This part-heard case was resumed this morningi. wise t y ral witnesses were examined on the part of the de e t O f .0 show that his apparatus was not an infringeo c nie at e ;,, plaintiff's patent, and was not constructed in agre e x. : 0 4 the specifications. Among the witnesses wer e „dsot Playfair, Dr. Pratt, of Liverpool, and several luau chemists. t left' ) (The case was going forward when our r eport CLERKEN WELL.-(THIS 108 ,10 John Walden", a stout fellow,was placed at the bar Iv , byMr. Howard, builder, of Charles-street, St. L uke 4 , stealin SOlbs. of leaden pi pe. It appeared in evidence that, on the night of the olice .i, or about eleven o'clock, the prisoner was seen, by stable Edwards, 32 C, in St. John-street, Ulerkell., ruing the property. On questioning him as to Dt qis sion of it, he said he had brought it a long distar',le, request of a man, who was to pay him for his tr u; e d took the prisoner into custody, on which he tr . iP (the constable) up, and endeavoured to thrn i i r e, bb d upon him. Witness succeeded in again seizing by if the prisoner commenced a violent attack upon him e fface of he was so severely injured that he had been er e. re toi l l!i up unfit for duty. Inquiries were made, and th e PRit , Mr. Howard were traced to have been plundered. I — 4 41 foreman to Mr. Howard, identified the property'. i fsP r The prisoner said nothing in his defence, and be committed for trial. -----:S ' TO THE EDITOR OF THE SU ire O r t e rtv SIR, --In lo In the Third Edition of your paper of •- g ad <01; I find it stated that; thee " Liverpool, Ormsk ir ',gr. 'OP ton Railway" was thrown out on its merits las t nil be id, this not being the case, I shall be glad if you ,1 5 eint l , enough to correct it in your Country Edition of ti :Aect , „ JO' as I fear the report is calculated to prejudice the P i iaerl, t ll , fact is, that it was thrown out on " Standing `-'beclie,N, year, and not on the Bill.—Yours very truly and 0, ! 0 LP ROBERT JA Saturday Morning, Feb. 7. O f f, „ I The Earl of Harrowby, V iscount and 1 ; 8,i ,0 701;" Sandon and family have arrived in Grosvenor-square ~"ors, fly Hall, Staffordshire, for the season. The Noble and V e- is in the enjoyment of excellent health. 0 00 0 CABINET DINNER.—Sir Robert Peel gi fes re sld A I Cabinet dinner this season to-morrow, at his private Whitelndl-gardens. Lunt Elleoborough has appointed AVe• An tnesdll, v; e Se 4th of March, to preside at the anniversary dinner 0.. o t AO Hospital Society, at the London Tavern. i Ott' 0,0 Sir Robert and Lady Peei have issued in v h - tlie, ' a i , a grand entertainment on Saturday next, to tvlti c ,l A•••+ e , Foreign Ministers are invited. Lieutenant Wm. Ve,`,;'fre i aipAl ;las been on the West India station, under Admiral S"„adlir .nour, arrived at the tangly mansion last evening from ' - o, t o caving landed there from one of the West.lndia stea tue _,, t , ,s , :lie bearer of Important dispatches fur thg Gevernmeti t 'v s lito: fi lv Tit grand dinner party at Buckingham ay's' svening is in celebration of the anniversary of her D y e s Tofd erince Consort's marriage. /10,1" THE METROPOLITAN PETITIONS FOR 474 iiErEAL OF TILE CORN-LAWS.-On Monday the Councit v of to il 0 .eceived at the office, Fleet-street, the total ainoun t ,itt,, ° o9 :tom tll4 various boroughs in which petitions had bee", fO , Wf .lie total and immediate repeal of the corn-laws. Th o us. e ,oir:et the amount of the signatures as separately collected ' l ieft, , or, d And borough :-The city of London, 64,1)66 ; the city 0 ' o f i,:og w i tit 11,406 ; the borough of Lambeth, 67,680 ; the boroUg 4 „, D 0 ,76;40 i 3, 7 2 0 ; the borough of the Tower Hamlets, 83,40 0 ; t"" 26 , ;cpt' Southwark, above 40,000; the parish of St. Pencil:o 0 , ,arish of Marylebone and Paddington, 25,000; the par C o' 3,735.-Total, 470,773. 5 , 0 tirCY t pi THE PRINTING OF RAILWAY BILLS.—( F r° lif e e J.al . 110 o p , pondent.)-Owing to the short period allowed by the th tli ‘ s ctiopr t nona for the presentation of Private Bills this sess i° 00 C„, trade during the last week or two has been in a in ow 0) 4( Many clerks and agents of lines took up their abodesi,odl ill tr ing offices during the whole of last week, and mist.; 01 0 0 ~f i le of fatigue truly astonishing, never milting their dud e , tlie , t ed*, livery of the Pills on Friday night. Six o'clock w a ,,oll B ,Aie, pointed for that purpose ; as late as five o'clock, mall)" - the a ide d e: tion contracts, &c., were in progress of correction hY, o , i.,),4 , 0° After which they were printed off, and, in one inst o ' o o7io ,v, stitched by clerks while riding rapidly is e 3b ,' id/ 1 13 .0` , : i l ~t eptien's, which they reached as the Speaker vt".;,, Li io his seat, and fortunately succeeded in placing t. :nreP.oft".,o hands of the Member engaged to introduce it. in thr e di p od o roe tile documents there was an utter recklessness a ei er ia„ t 00, railway honour was sorely tried, many of the agents o,_ eir 13 , 0 00, stratuities to the managers of offices to accelerate , l e ` j swe e ps prejudice of their opponents. Many promoters fau' i , to / 1. their Bills, owing to the inability of the printe r ,/ 4 the work. ___--- --- e A 11 1‘ f -, BIRTH'S. uAre, o On the 7th inst., In Wimpole - street, Cavendish -54 4P Arthur Phillott, Esq., of a son. of' , On the 7th inst., Mrs. John G. Perkins, of a 50 ," 1 ',Igne1A1,1 ) ~, On the 7th lust., at Tulse-hill, Brixton, Mrs. I , ' t i e s, , r • Ins , of V On the 6th inst., at Exeter, the lady of Captain Be l ' t, ' Guards, of a daughter. , ad, V per 6 l' 011 the sth inst., Mrs. John Clark, of Ponder s - e san 40 , On the 6th inst., at the Royal Military College , St ' li ter, Paton, of Grandhorne, 01 a dauher. ( tang 'P On the 7th inst., MrSamuel Woods, jun., of a f . - ton-grove, near Liverpool. SOt: ch-I t all MARRIED. Tri niti deS t" On the 7th inst., at the Church of the Ifol,n liza, e l W. Place, Esq. of Delhi, in the East Indie s, to r" ~, A lf. of 6. F. Stallard, Esq., of tipper Clapton. aDe' t po DIED. , Calll ..ic Ole' e, Do rset, Dl' On the 26th tilt., at Winterbourne Abbas' I , ' , 1 ,, tll e of Henry Sherrill, jun., Esq. On the Ist inst ,at the Grove, Llanstephan, ~,e fi co nitac ov nd Mrs.. t on, Emily Annie, the daughter of Captain a , . sew ing o t e '' On the sth inst., John Graham, Esti ,°' foil!' f oe nington-road, aged 54. a s eas le ' On the sth inst., at Woodford, Georgian 0 ,00 foild Ileatley, Esq. Rebu t 59. ,I the 6th inst., at Cornwall-terrace, Lee, ai e ' l ‘ e f life late Captain Anthony Ludlam, aged 83. hn Jsqllv-,_., tr , roo, On the 6th inst., at Boulogne-sir bier, , Jo it_ ___ d , Jay.' ito li r On the 6th inst., at Thirza-place, Old Bei ru. ~,,, e i .4a Thomas Tatlock, Esq. daughter 01 ' f On the 7th inst., Eliza, the youngest atter ° Vi e] On the 7111 inst., Mr. David Legget, t O a° ;d . 1 " Liel Cowle Esq. eider o f 0;d On the Bth inst., Mary Elizabeth, the I.oe , '‘l.' Id Ilaylis, of Botolph-lane. of King-Stree,t'tCoV- Ir. ' or. p O ar k cf • •.11, late of 10 0 4,11;0 1- a o , On the Bth Inst., Mr. George Watt, „ s treet , - tabter On the 6th inst., in Nov Bridg cla 1 41 s i e t , II IN e i S a tl id i e tr ie t i , vi, Lucy,llerktshe wife of Williant me infant Charlton, Esq., aged 90. _place, '-- aged 75' ,"" 11 .) S Leer_- ----"<"'-' 0 ( 0 ' 6 i. O zog a , t E he sq B . th lust., at Stockwellßlackheath-bill, 31r. -,,,-, 0f . :...,c1'' i On the Bth Inst., at ___ _____ ~,j .: ,, LP_ ~ r %di ------- --- r - ' - - - - .!••Cgl-“) ",„d,i'lt"felgw. London : Printed and Publishe d by No. , 1 9, Stf_t o oty , Strand, Printer, at Tice ,Stift Cfll , . ',,,itidiese,,, ',I. of the Saucy, in the Cot,nty of ''' 10, 1846. r