The Sun. — London, England, 1846-04-16 00:00:00

LITERATURE. MEMOIRSof JOSEPH (3 RIMA LDI, edited by Boz, with illustrations by George Cruihshanh. A new edition, with notes and additions, revised by Charles Whitehead. A new edition of this popular biography having been called for, Mr. Bentley has acted wisely in intrusting it to the superintendence of Mr. Charles Whitehead, whose intimate knowledge of dramatic affairs has enabled him to impart a vast deal of additional informa tion, anent persons and things connected with Grimaldi, with which Mr. Dickens was unacquainted. This addi tional information—and most amusing and interesting a great portion of it is—is given in the form of foot-notes, so that the text of the original is strictly preserved. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF EVENIIV G PAR TIE, By Albert m. Although this high l y eccent ri c ith c and humourous little book has been twice offered to the public, first in the columns of our facetious contemporary Punch, and after !yards in a pleasant Christmas hook called the " Wassail Bowl," it is right welcome. From the hilarious, joyous, l aughter-loving vein in which it is written we conjecture the author must be on capital terms with himself, and everybody else ;we would wager he could forgive and forget," as the saying goes, in the most spontaneous 'Manner ; and we have, moreover, some very shrewd sus picions that he knows how to shake hands with a friend --not by tendering a frigid one finger, or an inert bundle of lukewarm flesh and bones—but with a fine cordial gripe that shows the muscles are in excellent condition. Such is the opinion of Mr. Albert Smith which every one must form, who dips into these seventy-one Pages of drollery. And, under the correction of certain supposititious critics, we will abide by the notion that our author's disposition may be discerned from his writings, " The Physiology of Evening Parties I"—the tame alone is provocative of amusement : or " the Na tural History of the First Quadrille." Surely the man must be a most veritable curmudgeon whose risibility would not be excited by the perusal of such terpsichorean parodies upon Butfon. The vraiscmblance of each inci dent described is something extraordinary. There is a touch of genuine Bozism in Mr. Albert Smith's nature, but his delineations of character want the epigrammatic comicality of Dickens. Besides which—but a com parison would be invidious ; it would be as impossible as a comparison between Homer and Blackmore. Boz is on the top of the great pyramid ; while Albert Smith is on the top of one seven feet by five on the stage of the Lyceum. We say this not in depreciation of the latter; but as the mere illustration of a fact. If we could give such illustrations however as those of Leech in the book before us, we would amplify the difference at yet greater length. Sufficient to say that the present volume is an excellent specimen of that rich fun by which Albert Smith has rendered himself such a favourite with our selves, and a great multitude besides ; while the wood cuts, designed by Leech, are worthy illustrations to one of the happiest of the first contributors to " Punch," and are also worthy of himself—the main-stay and bes bower anchor of that periodical. THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURING THE THIRTY YEARS' PEACE, 1815 to 1845. By Charles Knight. Prat 11. The sixth chapter of this well-written and valuable nistory contains a graphic account (illustrated by a plan) of the taking of Algiers by Lord Exmouth, in 1816, and of the events which led to and followed that event. The seventh chapter sketches the progress of social improvement in England from the first efforts of Sir S. Romilly to improve our criminal law, in 1808, up to the commencement of the memorable labours of Brougham in behalf of popular education, in 1816. The questions of the reform of the criminal code, of the establishment of an effectual preventive and detective police, and of the law of settlement and the poor-laws, and of popular education, are all calmly considered and temperately discussed in this chapter ; which concludes with a history of the first establishment of savings' hanks. In 1816 the first gas company applied to Par liament for a Bill, and the following account will be read with interest at the present moment, inasmuch as the same arguments that were used by the oil protec tionists of that day, against gas lighting, are used by the corn protectionists of our own against free trade.— " The brilliantly lighted, carefully watched, safe, orderly, and tranquil London of the present day, presents as great a contrast to the London of 1816, as that again, contrasted with the London of 1762—the year in which the Westminster Paving and Lighting Act was passed. Street-robberies, be fore that period, were the ordinary events of the night : se curity was the excepti on t o th e course o f atroc i ty, for wh i ch the Government applied no remedy but to hang. For half a century after this the metropolis had its comparative safety of feeble oil-lamps and decrepid watchmen. The streets were tiled with tumultuous vagabonds; and the drowsy guardians of the night suffered every abomination to go on in lawless 'vigour, happy if their sleep were undisturbed by the mid night row of the drunken rake. In 1807 Pall-mall was lighted by gas. The persevering German who spent his own money and that of his subscribers to his scheme, had no re ward. The original gas company, whose example was to be followed, not only by all England, but the whole civilised world, were first derided, and then treated in Parliament as rapacious monopolists intent upon the ruin of established in dustry. The adventurers in gas-light did more for the pre vention of crime than the Government had done since the days of Alfred. We turn to the Parliamentary debates, and we see how they were encouraged in 1816—nine years after it had been found that the invention was of unappreciable public benefit The company,' said the Earl of Lauderdale, `aimed at a monopoly, which would ultimately prove injuri ous to the public, and ruin that m os t important branch of trade, the whale sheries.' Alderman Atkins contended that the measure was calculated to ruin that hardy race of men, the persons employed in the Southern and Greenland whale fisheries, in each of which a million of money and above a hundred ships were engaged. If the Bill were to pass, it would throw out of employ ten thousand seamen, and above ten thousand ropemakers, sailmakers, mastmakers, &c., con nected with that trade.' Who can forbear to admire the in exhaustible fund of benevolence that for ages has been at work in the advocacy of the great principle of protection. At every step of scientific discovery which promises to impart new benefits to mankind, however certain and unquestionable be the benefit, we are called upon to maintain the ancient state of things, amidst the terrible denunciations of ruin to some great interest or other. It it quite marvellous the ruin that has been threatening us since the peace, when capital has been free to apply itself in aid of skill and enterprise. The ruin that gas-light was to produce is a pretty fair example of the ruin that has gone on, and is still going on, for no objects but those of thinning our population, diminishing our manufactures, crippling our commerce, extinguishing our agriculture, and pauperizing our landed proprietors. There never was a nation doomed to such perils by the restless character of its people. They will not let well enough alone, as the only wise men say. In 1816 they risked the exis tence of the British navy, which depended upon the whale fisheries, for the trifling advantage of making London as light by night as by day, and bestowing safety and peacefulness upon its millions of inhabitants. And .yet at the very mo raent that this ruin was predicted to oil, it was admitted that We could not obtain a sufficiency offoil. There are some les sons yet to be learnt on the subject of protection, even from this petty fight of oil and gas." The eighth chapter, which is not completed in this part, is devoted to the subject of Spanish America. In as much of it as is contained in the present number, we have a history of the various efforts made at emancipa tion by Spanish America, from 1785, when General Miranda was negotiating with Mr. Pitt for the assistance of England, in enabling the inhabitants of Venezuela to throw off the yoke of Spain, to the defeat of Morelos, in Mexico, by the Royalist forces, and his sub sequent ex ecution, in 1815, which seemed for a time to have anni hilated the Insurrection which had been begun in that country in 1810, by the famous Curate Hidalgo. This part is illustrated by an excellent map of the South American Continent, and by two engraved portraits, the one of Sir Samuel Romilly the other of Prince Tal leyrand. AN ADDRESS upon the LAW and LIABILITIES of RAILWAY SPECULATION, with HINTS for LEGISLATIVE INTERFERENCE. By .D. W. Harvey, Esq. This is a remarkably well-timed little pamphlet, by kr. Whittle Harvey, President of the Railway Mutual Protection Society. It comes with an official impress, and speaks the utility of the society and the attention *which the learned president has paid to the important objects of the institution. We here have, in a small compass, and in a popular form, the law and liabilities upon a subject which, of all others, most engrosses the public mind at the present time. We earnestly recom mend the perusal of this "Address" to whoever is upon a railway committee or holds a share. We cordially con cur in the feelings of just exultation in which Mr. Har ♦ey alludes to a subject touching railway matters, which be brought before the House of Commons in 1836, and which, though almost scouted at the time, has, within the last few days, been embodied in a royal commission. THE LATE THOMAS HOOD.—A meeting of the com mittee for managing the Hood Fund was held on Thursday last at the residence of Mr. David Salomons, the treasurer, for the purpose of auditing the accounts. One thousand Pounds has been invested on behalf of the family in the public funds, and a further sum of 200/. will be similarly Invested in the course of a few weeks. It is proposed to place I s _small monument over the rem a i n s of the late Mr. Hood, in Kensal-green Cemetery, for which a sum not exceeding 50/. Will be raised. The members of the committee subscribed ten be towards the sum requ i re d, w hi c h w ill no d ou bt the e deceased soon completed THE PROTECTION PEERS.—We are informed, on au.. thority which cannot be daubted, th a t "th e di e i s cas t . " s h The monopolist pee rs h ave had th e i r meet i ngs, one a f ter another, and the isau r e is, that the march of free trade is to be resisted to the uttermost. animal courage Lord St an l ey, never deficient in done, has undertak , and always forward w h en mischief is to be en so t terial measure in committe e mutilate and ma ng l e t h e Minis foro the free trade party in t eeo th i e it will be quit e i mposs ibl e it when it is returned to them Hu . () s u e r of Commons to accept , we confess, is greater than our surprise at this informat ion Their Lord ships have always been tardy learners in the school of " dom, and, therefore, we may not wonder at their pre se rving characteristic of their order in ththejaprsent instance. And what are they to gain by playing da ngerous game with an irritated and angry people ? Or, rather, what may they not lose by their appalling folly ? But, W hile s uch is the present intention of the Lords, Sir R. Peel, we a • mired, is resolute and determined on the subject. doe hasia.. made up his mind that he will take no measure but his ow n . It is aut Ccesar aut niltil with him. He will have all or none. The monopolists must be prepared to form an Administration or face a dissolution of Parliament in the very hour when they give a mortal stab to his proposition. So stands the ease at present. We speak on the authority of one engaged in playing the game himself.—Liverpool Albion. Mr. Fairs, who has acquired so much of deserved celebrity in the art of decorating houses, is removing from R anover-street, where his indisputable taste was rendered so Manifestly supeiior to all his compeers, by its splendid front, and which it is universally acknowledged hasnothing to coin- Pete with it throughout London. Its chaste and classical com position is of the early Italian school of architecture, and within the magazine and show-rooms are worthy of its astlic front. The residence, No. 2. is also deserving the swine c otnplitnent. It is doomed to change hands next h a u „, es daY, through the instrumentality of Mr. George Robins's ~ur n er• All the fashionable world are flocking daily to sea 4414 bealltif ill sPecimon of Mr. Fain' handy-works. THE BIRMINGHAM ATHENIC INSTITUTE BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY NIGHT.—The fifth anniver sary meeting of the Birmingham Athenic Institute was held in the Society's rooms, Great Charles-street, this evening. The attendance was quite as numerous as last year, although the number of distinguished patrons was not so great as on the last occasion. Lord J. Manners, M.P., as President of the Institute, took the head of the table at dinner shortly after five o'clock, and the cloth being removed, letters apologizing for their absence were read from Lord Lyttelton, Sir John Hanmer, M.P. Mr. Monckion Milnes, M.P. , Mr. Spooner, M.P., Mr. , Dugdale, M.P., and Mr. Newde gate, M.P. Over the Noble President's chair were emblazoned the mottos :—" Mens sane in corpore sane." " -- So shall we live, That every thought and every deed May hold within itself the seed Of future good and future need." The Noble PRESIDENT proposed the health of "her was t r y proceeded v ociferously to re applauded,adthe anfadjeasttyitsticleenQcluueseionn,"twhehigeh crea report of the Institute's prog ress durin g the last year, from which it appeared t hat there had been 14 festivals for cricket matches and various gymnastic games and athletic exercises. Mr. TAYLOR now rose and said he had great pleasure in proposing the health of their President.—(Loud cheers.) And he did so for one good reason. It was not one of mere formality, of fluttery, or ceremony, but one which he felt convinced would be appreciated by every heart in the present company. They owed him a debt of love and gratitude which they never could suf ficiently repay.—(Cheers.) He knew the Noble Lord had been put to considerable inconvenience in order to attend that day ; that was a fact which ought to give them all the greatest pleasure. They must all recollect that, upon the last occasion, the Noble Lord had shown the greatest interest in every minutiae relating to the suc cess and prosperity of their institute. They would recollect the Noble L•nd accompanying them to Hagley, where all the dignity of rank was thrown aside, and he became, as it were, one of them—(Cheers)—how each of them felt at home with him, and free from that embarrass ment which was so generally felt when the higher came in contact with the lower classes.—(Cheers.) Ile begged leave to propose the health of their Noble President, Lord John Manners.—(The toast was received with cheers.) Lord J. MANNERS, in rising to acknowledge the toast, said, he hardly knew how to find words to acknowledge the kind and cordial manner in which his health had been proposed by Mr. Taylor, and received by the company. For the future, however, be should be more guarded in his private talk at dinner table; but he could assure them, that although that was the last day of hunting in Leicestershire, had it been the first instead of the last, he should have felt it his duty, in preference to all amusements, however much he might be attached to them, to be present on that occasion. —(Cheers.) His friend, Mr. Taylor, had alluded to the advantages which all classes derived from the festivities like the present; but he (Lord J. Manners) might be permitted to say, that the advantages derivable from such proceedings, in his opinion, greatly preponderated in favour of the higher classes.—(Cheers.) But be that as it might, he (Lord J. Manners) was convinced that one of the greatest evils of modern society—for the evil was not confined to England—had been the gradual severance of the different classes of society, and anything which brought them together—anything which proved that they had a common interest as they had a common de scent, and afterwards, as he hoped, the same ascent, must of necessity confer the greatest and most lasting benefit upon the entire community. The Noble Lord concluded by saying he had had from the first a deep interest in the success of the Athenic Institute of Birmingham, that interest he should continue to feel, and would by all means in his humble power strive to improve it.—(Cheers.) He told them when he last oc cupied that chair, that he should have much preferred that some gentleman of the neighbourhood should fill the office of president—that he accepted it because no gentleman of the neighbourhood appeared willing to do so. He was happy, however, now to state that some gentlemen of the county were now willing to come among them.—(Cheers.) And so it should be ; for he thought the duties of the office would be best and more efficiently discharged by some gentleman of more local importance than himself. Therefore, although he then held the office of president, he hoped soon to be sitting amongst them, instead of occupying his present position. He begged leave to thank them for the cordial manner in which they had received him, and in return to drink all their good healths.—(Cheers.) Votes of thanks to the directors, committee, and to gentlemen who had presented the library with books, succeeded ; and after each of these compliments followed a variety of songs by members of the society, amongst which may be mentioned " The Brave old Oak," " When we went Gipsying," &c. Lord J. lifiNsins then again presented himself, and was received with great cheering. He commenced by saying—lt is now more than two years since I had the pleasure of presiding over your first dinner in this room, and I think I may have the gratification of saying that during that period the Athenic Institute has progressed and flourished in a way almost equal to the anticipations and hopes we then indulged in. Public approbation has been stamped on the general - principles which were enunciated as those of the Institute—opposition and cavilling have died away, enmity has been changed into friendship, experience has enabled you to extend some of the departments, and to curtail others of the Insti tute ; and I occupy the chair this evening to preside over a far more numerous assembly than was present here on that former occasion. Well, then, gentlemen, all honour, I say, to those young working men of Bir mingham who dared to be founders of such an institu- tion; and who dared, against no little oblOqu3Tai;lniis representation, to cherish the infant tree which now gives rest and recreation to so many under its spreading branches.—(Loud cheers.) I have said obloquy and misrepresentation, and although they exist no longer, and I would not willingly say anything here which might induce an unpleasant reflection else where, still I cannot refrain from endeavouring to find an excuse, if not a reason, for their former exist ence in Birmingham, and present continuance in many other parts of the kingdom. The fact is, there are many excellent pe o pl e w h ose knowledge and ideas are bounded by their own experience, and who dread the slightest departure from the beaten track they have ever trod, and who mistake all change, whether it be the renovation of an old custom or the adoption of a new one, for a revolution; thus, all work and no play having become the characteristic of modern English in dustry, any, the slightest return to those heartier, more just, more manly, and especiallydnore English habits and customs which acquired for our country the name of merry England, was, and in many instances still is, regarded by that very respectable class of modern critics as a dangerous innovation, subversive of the morals and industry of the people, and sure, in the long run, to end in the destruction of Church and State. Well, then, what should we do under these circum stances? We who felt convinced, on the other hand, that unless, as wealth among the few was rapidly increasing, its enjoyment by the many increased also, society was becoming more and more disorganised;—what were we who felt thus to do—to sit still under that senseless cla mour, and allow the dull machinery of acquisition with out a wholesome pause of joyous check to go grinding on year after year, paralysing the limbs, cramping the energies, deadening the affections, darkening the souls of our toiling millions? No— what have we done? Why, we have shown without parade without unneces sarily shocking those prejudices I have alluded to, seizing whatever opportunities were afforded us, that the people of England, who work so hard and so readily, can stand the trial of a few days' holiday in the course of the year, that a cricket match does not necessarily imply the bowling down of the pillars of state, and that a village dance need not end in dancing off the crown from her Majesty's head.—(Cheers.) Yes, you have shown this in Birmingham, and your example has been and i s fol lowed e l sewhere ; and I am sure that to you as well as to me it i s a matter of sincere congratulation to watch the grad ua l dispersion of those mists of money-getting prejudice, and the various attempts which are m a d e i n different p arts of the kingdom, to restore to the w or ki ng people of E ng l an d some small portion of that time to re creation which, in other days, was their undoubted right ; for don't let us suppose that ours is a mere isolated attempt—isolated, indeed, it was—in itasnconlicneEs tion and action ; b ut i t is only one among a man of a great chain of soci a l progress. Recollect my exycellent friend, Sir John Hamner, at our former dinner, two years ago, mentioned what was then going on at Kingston.. upon-Hull, the place represented by my Hon. Friend. It was a movement then going on in fauour of the shortening of the hours of labour end the earlier closing of shops. Well, how general has that movement since be come, and with what general success. The Ten Hours' Factory Bill, defeated as it was in my opinion on the most insulting and ludicrous grounds, viz., that the com merce of England would be destroyed, and its sun sink in darkness if people in the factories worked only ten hours in the day—(Cheers)—that Bill, however, is now upon the eve, I believe, of being passed into law. —(Cheers.) Yes, you artisans of Birmingham on this question rightly sympathise with the artisans of Manchester and Stockport.—(Cheers.) In the rural districts, too, a great advance has been made. The may pole has been again_ erected in Kent, and cricket a nd manly games are fostered and encouraged, and I look forward, in the course of a few weeks, to be present at a festive meeting of three rural villages, where after the service of the church by those who wish it, the rest of the day will be spent under the walls of my father's castle in manly games and harmless merriment, and I do not despond of being able in a few years to say with the poet — "How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its turn to play, And all the village train from labour free Led up their sports beneath the spreading tree, While many a pasture, circled in the shade, The young contending, as the old surveyed."—(Cheers.) Why do I refer to these things? Because they ail emanate from the same source as your society, and our present meeting spring from, because they all form part of the great indignant protest of English nature—that English workmen are machines, and may be treated as such. But, though I have spaken in rather a triumphant tone, I feel I must not suppose that the battle is won; and that henceforward all the employers of labour will vie with each other in providing times and means of leisure and recreation for their labours.—(Hear, hear.) Political economy has still many abstract votaries; and it rests mainly with you, and with societies like yours, to show that the sobriety, morals, intelligence, aye, and the industry too of the people is promoted by a fair mixture of recreation, leisure, and amusements with their time of toil and labour. A day's recreation per verted and disgraced by immorality or drunkenness may do much to retard that onward movement which we take so much pride in contemplating, and give a handle to our opponents; although nothing could be more unfair than to argue, that because the people are so unaccustomed to 6 holiday that they mist's, it when it is offered them, therefore they are unworthy of it.—(Cheers.) Were the gentlemen of your society confined to this one object of providing its members with manly and vigorous re c everyr ea o l n o ,v lover s o h f o ul his d country—every deem i t wellw worthy onethy frankness and freshness of the old Engl ish character the w su h p o p m or t the a is) dear.— (Cheers.) But such is not th e case ; the old to Roman satirist's prayer has furnished y ou with a motto for your society— " dens sans in corpore sane;" and so it ought to be. A sound mind and sound body is your joint object, and well and wisely, in my opinion, have you determined on that union, for to those actively engaged in the pursuits of honourable industry the ad dition of literary labour, unless cheered and brightened by invigorating exercise, cannot but be burdensome and enervating ; but by this wise tempering of work with play, and both with intellectual study, and all under the mastery of religion, how ennobling becomes the life of an English artisan. His is the hopeful soul, the elastic step, the contented mind, the cheerful hesirt. To him the manly games and the manly literature of his ances tors are open and accessible, end while enjoying the pure air or gazing on the green beauty of some English valley, or drinking in " the thoughts that bre a the and words that burn' of some English master of song, then, indeed, may he bless God that his lot has been cast in a land of revealed religion, equal laws, ancestral fame, and sterling qualities.—(Cheers.) Such it pleases me to think is your case. Yours it has been to wander through the shades where your Shak spore learnt to warble his native wood notes wild, and to enjoy the effects of his marvellous genius. Yours it has been to strain the agile limb in the classic grounds of Hagley, and gaze on the scenes that fascinated a Thomson and a Shenstone, while contending in the games with a Lord-Lieutenant and a Doctor of Court Law. Well, gentlemen, they may call us what they please, those dry philosophers, those party politicians, we will pursue the tenor of our way, lighten ing the toil, elevating the tastes, giving vigour and health to the frames of the working youths of Birming ham. You on the one hand may be told that the county gentlemen, the aristocracy of England, ere a haughty, cold-hearted set of oppressors, who study only their own interests and pleasure, and care not for the poor; and we, an the other hand, may be assured that the workin g millions of England, unless kept grinding at the mill of labour, watched by policemen, and debarred from all manly and intellectual enjoyments, will tear this ancient monarchy to pieces, and shiver society to fragments. But, gentlemen, we will take care to disbelieve both stories; we will place confidence in our fellow Englishmen • we will look back with pride to the past—to the great deeds the peasants and peers and merchants of England did in common; we will take delight in the glorious literature of other days, which, like the sun, shines upon all; we will do, to the best of our power, our various duties in these days of care and fretfulness, and we will look forward to the future with hope and confidence for our common country, and with humble reliance on God's mercy for our hereafter. Away, gentlemen, I would say, with the cant which would have us believe that all old feelings are dead, all English sympathies extin guished, all natural affections chilled. There is not a sequestered nook in the lakes of Cumberland, in the mines of Cornwall, in the dim, close, hot alleys of Man chester or Southwark, in the smoky streets of your own Birmingham, in which the gallant, trustful, manly, English spirit is dead. Be it ours, then, to call it fort to exercise it, and through it, to carry this tight little island of ours through all straits, through all dangers ; and this, gentlemen, rely upon it we can do if we will. " For times and seasons though they change and customs pass away, Yet English hearts and English hands will prove old England's sway; And though our coffers mayn't be filled, as they were wont of yore, We still have hands to fight, if need, and hearts to help the poor." The Noble Lord resumed his seat amidst loud cheers. Other toasts were then drank, and the dinner party did not break up until near eleven o'clock. A ball succeeded, and the dance was kept up until a late hour. THE OREGON QUESTION. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. TIMES.—The proceedings in Congress down to the close of March, when the Hibernia sailed from Boston, have very little of a pacific character, and that little is purely negative. All that can be said is, that the notice for the termination of the Oregon has not been given, and will not be given without considerable deliberation; and, meanwhile, doubts have sprung up in many quarters whether the abrogation of the convention is not calcu lated to defeat rather than to promote the one great ob ject of the acquisition of the whole Oregon territory. Mr. Calhoun's policy of inaction has made converts. It would assuredly be by far the safest course for the United States and the most embarrassing to this country, if it were not in our own power to put an end to the state of suspense on our side. The termination of the debate in Congress on the resolutions is of little importance; since it is evident that if the notice be not given, on the ground that a " masterly inacti v ity" i s th e only mode of acquiring a footing for Americans in the valley of the Columbia, the British Cabinet will be bound by the plainest considerations of interest and duty to give the notice and terminate the convention in the name of the Queen of England. Mr. Polk, however, is fully resolved not to leave this duty to devolve upon the Eng lish Government if he can help it. He not only declares his strong conviction that the notice should be promptly given ; but he accompanies his recommendation, con tained in a special message, by the first proposal which can be construed into an admission of the probability of war. We have no disposition to express either surprise or displeasure at the declaration of the American Exe cutive that an increase of the naval and military force of the United States is at this time required ; for such an increase has obviously been required ever since Mr. Polk and his immediate predecessor adopted a line of policy so well calculated to embroil them with their neighbours. But if Mr. Polk has thought fit to imitate the language of the Queen's speech and the propo sals of the English Government with respect to increased means of defence and of warfare, we wish that he bad also adopted the strong expressions which have invariably been used in the official language of this country—expressions not more strong, however, then sincere—in favour of the settlement of the contro versy by negotiation. The amount of the proposed in crease in the naval and military estimates of the United States has not been stated with precision. A couple of regiments of sharpshooters, and an addition of ten men to each company in the line, or about 700 men to the whole army, are not very important matters in a dis pute involving a boundless territory, and carried on by two great States. In the position of Mr. Polk and of the American Government, to do a little in the way of defence is worse than to do nothing. The President must be prepared to call upon Congress to supply the funds and means of war to an amount equal to the whole of the present revenue of the Union, or he must by a prompt negotiation insure the duration of peace. The de bate on the resolution for the notice, which has already lasted for more than six weeks, has, after all, no real bear ing on the main question at issue. The sooner the notice is given, the better for both countries; and we regret that it did not arrive by this steamer. The state of the relations between the United States and Mexico had already had considerable effect on the distribution of the military resources of Mr. Polk's Government. Two-thirds of the American army are concentrated on the southern frontier, for the annexation of Texas at once imposed a fresh duty of great extent on the federal troops. They appear to have occupied not only the province, but the disputed - territory lying between the river Nuces and the Rio Bravo del Nort e; in this terri tory Matamoros is situated, and the last accounts re ceived (though not by the way of the United States) state that the American troops had expelled the Mexi can Custom-house officers, and probably got possession of that place. If so, the two republics are in a state of war. At the :other extremity of the Union, Lord Cathcart's speech at the opening of the Canadian Legis lature breathes a hearty spirit of loyalty and confidence, which will be responded to throughout the North Ame rican possessions of the British Crown, as well as in the mother country. To the most com plete confidence in the military and naval power of England, of which such signal proofs have recently been given in other parts of the globe, we may justly add a full reliance on the courage and spirit of the colonial dependencies of this great empire. To the western islands England has given the freedom of the negro, to the northern provinces of America the benefits of a free, united, and patriotic Government. As long as the Oregon question remained in the vague regions of sophistry and abstraction, the indifference and remote ness of this country might give the Americans an ap parent, though unreal advantage. But from the moment that it comes to be dealt with practically, theimmeasura ble superiority of the executive powers and resources of this country will be instantly manifested. Mr. Polk's proposal for an increase of the American forces has at once deprived himself of the pretext that nothing like a war was contemplated by his Government; it has given the American people a full warning of the real effects of this policy; and it enables us to urge upon the Ministers of the Crown the imperious necessity of conduct so prompt and resolute as to bring the whole controversy to an equitable and honourable termination. We have far less to apprehend from action than from delay. CHRONICLE. —M r . Calh oun i s carrying his ' rin ciples against his will. I t i s c l ear that his doctrines be the winning ones. His very opponents will verify them. The sine die policy is his object. His object will be attained. To leave the convention as it is, to swamp the Oregon and American immigrants, to wait until the Columbia be a Mississippi, to watch the birth of a New Orleans on the Pacific side, to behold a second Astoria, to send sea-otter skins to China in American bottoms, to hear the old monarchical names of King George's Sound and Admiralty Inlet exchanged for the national Harbourthe e o rCa Alps, andou n cut those that cross them to the Carthagenians, t to make Clatsop Point a Selsea Bill , a ndd , to c ompare the appellations Rocky of l an A n l e o g u a n n t n s t o an Isle of Wight—these nationalities, and the them, form the nationality of Mr. Ca lhoun. We repeat the Sandwich I likesl an o s f that he will realise . them. Fortunately for England, the Oregon question is not one that bears pal pably upon the great commercial interests of t he nation. If felt much in Liverpool, it is compa ratively- uninfluential in London. The latitude of All e i t n e w a i g c h e n i d s e u r n s t i o s u r c e h a e e d t o b o y i and t . h e e t b t h e e st n p t r h o e o f t a o l f k ß g r o i t s n. h claims is the American arguments against them. An o o tic e e as h ie a r s t f o or be n g at i i v o e n n s in th a an cou fo r r teo in u d s i m rid an ua n l e s. manner — A ul n ap d lme h aa e st r at e nert th nn ere is_as much room for direct opposition in respect to the principle, as there is for refinement in re senator proposes that the notice shall be accompanied with to details. At the present moment,aeweohmilstanoiende with a qualification in favour of negotiation and compro mi.se, another enlarges upon the omission of the compro mise. There are delacies here. There are difficulties with Mr. Polk. It was a matter of surprise to the friends of the gifted Lord Bolingbroke to observe the extent to which he separated the gentleman from the statesman, the individual from the politician, the man of pleasure from the man of business, the intriguer in love from the intriguer in politico, the frien4lPope from the hater of Harley, the sceptical philosopher from the bigoted Tory. The fact was that, in continental phraseology,, he was not a man but a system—not a monad but a dualism. Mr. Polk is the same. The planter of Tennessee is one thing the President of the United States another. Greater than Brutus, who merged the father in the magistrate, he can effect an i so l at i on o f h i s own pres id ent i a l se l f. So doing, he is the greatest public character of modern times--Sheridan's Governor of the Tower only excepted. The realities of the question in its present state are peaceful. Mr. Webster is committed to the 49th degree, but allows himself a large margin. An island or inlet more or less, and the permanent or temporary navigation of the Columbia, he thinks of less importance than the preservation of peace. And that rightly. Upon the great sine qua non, the absolute abandonment . of all part s north of 49, he insi s t s . N evert h e l ess , hi s policy is rather the sine die policy of Mr. Calhoun than aught definitive. The message of the President, in answer to the Senate upon the extent to which the defences of the Republic should be increased, is general and indefinite —such a one as Polonius would have given in Denmark. Mr. Sevi er ' s speec h i s a goo d measure o f the re -action from the patriotism of the whole Oregon men. POST. —Our libellers used to say that the way to a Briton's heart was through his breeches pocket. If we are to belie ve A mer i cans , t h e rea di est wa y o f corrupting an American is by the gratification of his palate. What a notion ! H ere i s L or d P a l merston eat i ng an d drinking with every public man in Paris, in order to prevent the accession of a Whi g Mi n i stry to office being the signal of an European war ! And here is Mr. Pakenham try ing to gull the United States out of the Oregon territory b . y feasting Se na t ors at t h e British Em b assy i n Wash ington. Esau sold his heritage for a mess of potage, but your senators of Congress, we are told by your United States " patriots," expect something better as the price of their perfidy. Just mark the Message of the President, intelligence of which was brought us by the newly arrived mail from Boston What is his Ex cellency's answer? Simply that the United States must arm because Britain is arming, and because he, the Pre sident. in his wisdom, chooses to fancy that possibly the arming of Great Britain may have reference to a source of difference now open between her and the United States ! Now this we should call admirable fooling, if we did not believe it to be something worse. The facts, as far as our own co un t ry i s conc erned, are no torious. First, we are not making, as the President says, unusual and ordi nary armaments and war l i k e prepara - ' tons.' We are certainly in some degree increasing the I strength of our ar m y, at present i nsu ffi c i ent to furnish ' proper relief to su c h o f our troops as are engage d i n co lonial duty. We have large colonies, too long neglected, to attend to, and we are now beginning to attend to them. We have a prosp ec t o f pro l onge d h ost ili t i es i n our Asiatic dominions, or at the very least a necessity for the presence for some time of a powerful force in those countries. We are not willing that the improve ment of the marine strength of other European countries should enable them to wrest from us the maritime supre macy we have for two hundred years possessed; and therefore warily are we looking after our navy. The defences of our coast, reared at great cost, have by cul pable negligence been suffered to sink into shameful decay, and these we are now restoring. The doing of such things alarms the President of the United States, and he considers that the doing of such things autho rises his assuring the Senate that " the foreign relations" of the United States require at this time an increase of " the naval" and " military force." " Truth," says the Jewish proverb, " walks on two feet—a lie limps with one." We never met with a lamer assertion than this of King Polk. Of course the convention was intended only as a temporary expedient, and, of course, a permanent arrangement ought, ere now, to have been effected. It is, however, a fact that this has not been effected; and we: say it is "to be regarded as a warlike measure," this proposed termination of the convention, anterior to arrangements available to the same end. Are we to be bullied into an abandonment of the country? We think this is the English of it, and the American too. HERALD.—We published yesterday, and repeat to day, the most important news that has yet reached this country from America since the date of the noto r i ous Message. Sir R. Peel's cloud in the west, despite of the advantages which the ruin of our North American colo nies must offer, is beginning to assume a darker and more angry character. We do not deny that there are symptoms of wavering exhibited by Mr. Polk's late Message, warlike though it be in terms ; but, owing in part to the vacillating policy of the British Govern men t, partly to the extravagant pretensions of the American war faction, the affair has become so entangled as t o leave slender hopes of a peaceful adjustment of the dis pute, except, indeed,*y an unqualified retractation of Mr. Polk's claim, an event which can hardly be ex pected. Mr. Polk and his party, by their bluster and absurd pretensions, have, we fear, committed America to adopting a certain course ; and though the bullies,them selves may be rendered manageable Fnough, the honest and patriotic portion of the people will be disinclined to allow any compromise of the national honour. We woul d fain hope, however, that the American people, as dis tinguished from the Government, will not feel them selves bound to support the extravagance of the President ; and we are glad to find from the debate in the Senate, that a sense of justice is seemingly beginning to resume its sway over the public mind in America. A very short time since the more moderate of the Ministerialists fixed the line of partition at the parallel 54 40 ; but Mr. Haywood, Mr. Archer, and Mr. Sevier are now content to limit the American title to all south of parallel 49. This is, doubtless, a good be ginning, but it remains to be seen whether the President, before war actually thunders at his doors, will have the sense to follow the wholesome example that has been set. We must not omit to mention the proposal of Mr. Webster (ever the friend of peace, when it can be ho nourably maintained) to constitute parallel 49 the divi sional line, leaving the navigation of the Columbia River open to both countries for a limited period, in order to give time for the final adjustment of the adverse claims. Should this plan be adopted, it would probably avert hostilities for the present. Meanwhile we cannot dis guise from ourselves that the main guarantee which ' , we hold for the peaceful di s p os i t i on of Amer i ca i s h er in ability, or at least her present unfitness, to go to war. The President has recom men d e d an a ddi t i on t o th e na val and military strength of the country, and the esti mates for making the addition to the navy contemplated are very considerable. An outlay a of 30,000,00 0 of dol lars will ' be required f or puttino. the navy alone in condition to meet the contingency of war. This esti mate, ire think, affords cogent reasons, and such as are appreciable by the American people, for avoiding, or at least deferring war until Sir R. Peel shall have supplied them with British gold in exchange for their super fluous corn. Upon the whole, however, war seems less likely than heretofore. DAILY NEWS.—Last week we were all at peace. Mr. Polk's dear friend, Mr. Heywood was denouncing the frenzied fools who would have 54.40., and who de clared the President tied to it, This week we hear Mr. Polk himself dispatching a very warlike message to the Senate ; at least, a message insisting on the necessity of very warlike preparations. And we hear of, greater fluctuation and more depressed prices in the money market, and of anxiety on both sides of the Channel. We do not, however, find anything very menacing or formidable in Mr. Polk' s note of war. O n th e con t rar y, we see much in it th a t i s ca l cu l ate d t o con t r ib u t e t o peace. As a preparation for actual and immediate war, the idea of adopting the plan of the American Secre tary of the Navy for building future fleets is quite burlesque ; and whether the frigates are to be increased from ten to forty, and the war steamers from two to the same witching number of forty, is a matter of consideration for 1849, n*it for the present summer of 1846. We cannot but do Mr. Polk the justice to say, that however he may have attempted to intimidate us by big words in this dispute, he has not had recourse to any more serious or more material species of inti midation. His policy seems to have been to wring the most from us at the least possible expense. He an nexed Texas, scarcely fitting out a ship. And he has conquered the better half of t h e Oregon without raising a regiment. He has relied on our horror of war to make us retreat to the utmost limits which honour and unambitious interests permit; and he has not failed; for the opinions of the English public have been driven to approve of concessions, which a year ago opinion would not have sanctioned. The 49th degree is now the cry on both sides of the Atlantic, and if we insist that it should cclutvye. r, s c Tl o hs n le t a i nncduo,e Columbia uh ne through bAi am riv e r ra l en remains, e t c r ma a t inn s 0 , n am o s t a Ink th ,ee ro ma u luw g ca h hy V sdi a dffi n e - : clared it to be, the true stumbling-block. If we give up both banks of the Columbia, we must give up the final right to trade. It would be preposterous making such stipulation with such a people as the Americans. On the whole, we see nothing in the President's late Mes• sage to warrant the conclusion that he is disinclined to a compromise and to negotiate on the terms of the 49th cannotdegree of latitude . consider as directedH i His warlike g an inst the est i mates people thereforewe o r the Government of this country. They are rather drawn up i a n n a t i r e r ; a y m against w political e f m o e i s n o d n i ff hi r s e n o tw to n s iwd war of o r the A e ac At lantic; except as they can be made subservient to party intrigues and personal ambition. The Duke of Devonshire, and a family circle, are on a visit to the Earland Countess Granville, at Aldenham-park. THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENT AT HUNGERFORD PIER. —Yesterday afternoon an inquest was held at the Griffin, Villiers -street, Strand, before Mr. Bedford, Coroner for West minster, and sixteen jurors, on view of the body of John of F the el unfortunate age d 4 I,latepecrosooknsatdSroimwpnss e r t3 Ta t v h e e rn, fa eo ni rn ng of hill one the platform at Hungerford Pier on Saturday last. Mr. Fled gate, solicitor to the Hungerford-market Company ; Mr . Shaw, from the office of M e Charing . Curtis, soli c it or to thCh • * - cross Bridge Company; and a gentleman from the office of Mr. Gasgrove, solicitor to the widow of deceased, were p sent to watch the proceedings. The jury, e a fiereen sworn, repaired to view the body, which lay at St. Ma t' ' workhouse, and afterwards to inspect the floating b r m o s pier at Hungerford, and also the flat or platform fro:111%h , the staple was drawn and chain disconnected, which caused the flat which connected the two barges to shift, and throw deceased and others into the river. The jury h av i ng made a close inspection, after the absence o nearly an ho ur returned and heard the evidence. The f Coronerd summed up at eight o'clock and the jury, after upwar . s . of one hour's delibera tion, r e turn ed the following verdict .—" Vire find that the deceased John Fowell met his h death accidentally, owing to the imperfect construction of the connecting p latform of the two floating barges forming part of the Hungerford Pier, with a deodand of 50/. on the said connecting platform' , MISTAKEN IDENTlTY.—Yegerday, in the Secondaries Court, a case of mistaken identity o ccurred in a n act i on brought by an attorney against a ba ke r for hi s bi ll of costs. Two witnesses, called for the plaint iff' (a clerk and an ac countant), stated that they had seen the defendant on seve ral occasions, and pointed out a person in court whom they stated to be the defendant. The person . so pointed out stated on his oath that he was not t he defendant. The defendant then made his appearance, a nd both the witnesses for the • plaintiff acknowledged that t hey t _ had mistaken th e party. There was no similarity betwee n pries—o ne was bald headed and the other had plenty of One of the wit nesses stated that he had seen the defendant twice, and th e other four times. The jury found for the plaintiff, COURT CIRCULAR, WINDSOR WEDNESDAY. - Th e Q ueen an d P r i nce • Albert took their accustomed early walk in the grounds, around the Castle. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out this fore noon, attended by Lieut.-Colonel Seymour. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager arrived at the Castle this afternoon on a visit to her Majesty and the Prince Consort. His Serene Highness the Hereditary Prince of Saxe Meiningen also arrived on a visit to her Ma jesty. The Earl and Countess Howe, Sir Andrew Bar nard, and Sir David Davies were in the suite of the Queen Dowager ; and the Baron de Reitzenstein was in attendance on the Hereditary Prince. The Earl of Aberdeen arrived at the Castle to-day on a visit to the Queen. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal took their morning exercise on the Eastern Terrace. The Reyal Family have all been out on their ponies this afternoon. The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening will include her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Serene Highness Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar, Lady Augusta Bruce, and Baroness de Speth. The band of the Grenadier Guards will attend during dinner. Her Majesty's private band will afterwards attend in the Castle. H M e d en by Do th w e ag E er a , rl ac a co n m d p c an o i u e n d te b s y s t his Serene Highness the He re di tary P r i nce of Saxe Howe, Sir And rew B arnard, and Sir David Davies, left her residence, M ar lb orough House, Pall-mall, at three o'clock yesterday a f ternoon , f or Windsor Castle, on a visit to the Queen. B aron d e R e i tzenstein attended the Hereditary Prince of Mei n i ngen . Hi s Serene highness Prince Edward of Saxe W e i mar accompan i ed the Queen Dowager from town to Wind s or, and. afterwards pro ceeded to join his regiment. Th e ill us t r i ous party left town in two carriages and four. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambrid ge v i s i te d her Royal Highness the Duchess of Glou ces t er on Tues day, at Gloucester House. Count de St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador, trans acted business yesterday at the Foreign-office. The Earl of Aberdeen left town yesterday afternoon for Windsor Castle on a visit to her Majesty. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office from the Governor-General of Canada, and also from the Governor of the other North American pro vinces. HOLIDAY VISITORS TO THE UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION. The Secretary of the United Service Institution is much gratified in being able to inform the Editor of The Sun, that although nearly 3,500 persons of all classes have visited the Museum during the Easter holi days, no injury of any kind has been sustained. This is the more creditable to the maligned British public, from the circumstance that a great number of models and delicate articles are unprotected by glass, as the Museum is arranged for private exhibition to the members and their immediate friends. Whitehall-yard, April 15, 1846. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET, TUESDAY NIGHT. The following are a few particulars of the race for the Newmarket Handicap, of which the return only was forwarded from the heath : NEWMARKET HANDICAP.—The race was fixed for a quarter before five, and exactly at that time the horses were conducted to the post, and started, the whole lot getting off in such close array that for the first fifty or sixty yards nothing can be said to have made running. The lead was then taken up by the Marquis of Conyng ham, attended by Chemise, Little Vulgar Boy, Elemi, and at least a a dozen others, right and left, in one unbroken line, most of the heavy weights lying away on the left, Keshing overpaced, being absolutely last. That the speed, although too much for Keshing, Queen of Tyne, and some others, was not great, was proved by the close order in which the first ruck continued the race to the bushes, Elerni, Wee Pet, Chemise, and one or two others, here gave way, nor did Arthur's colours remain much longer in front. The Marquis of Conyngham still car ried on the running with Little Vulgar Boy, the Pet colt, Beaumont, Wolf-dog, Alamode, and several others laid up, and so they came round the turn ; Queen of Tyne and Akbar then drew towards them ; Kesheng also was getting through his horses, and the three gra dually mending their position, beaded the light division half a distance from home, the Queen leading, Akbar second, and Kesheng third. The race was left to this trio, Kesheng, by g — ameness only, reaching the mare half way up the cords, and finally beating her by a length, with nothing to spare ; Akbar third, about two lengths from the winner ; Little Vulgar Boy was fourth, Marquis of Conyngham fifth, and the Pet colt sixth. Captain Flathooker broke down. The winner was never mentioned in the betting, and, we believe, was not backed even in private for more than ten or fifteen pounds. _ _ The company on the heath included—His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge ; Duko of Bed ford; Duke of Rutland; Lords—Stradbroke ' Albemarle, Shelburne, Foley, G. Ben tinck, Sandwi c h, Duncannon, Suffield, Charles Manners, George Manners, Brownlow Cecil, Chesterfield, Milltown, Newport, Edward Russell, Frederick Fitzroy, Wilton, Somerton, Godolphin, Sidney Osborne, Charles Fitzroy, Maidstone, Thomas Cecil, Spencer, William Powlett; Ladies—Albemarle, Chester field, Newport, and the Hon. Mrs. Anson; Sirs—M. Farquhar, J. Hawley, W. W. Wynn, W. Don, V. Cotton, and R. Bulkeley; Honourables—G. Fitzroy, Colonel Anson, H. Pitt, J. Macdonald, H. Forrester, Francis Villiers, H. Rous, Admiral Powlett, Boy ce , S. Little ton, General and Mrs, Grosvenor, Colonels P ee l an d _ _ Hornby; Greville, Payne, Batson, Wigram, S. Stanley, S. Graham, M. Campbell, Cox, Newton, Nevill, R. Clifton, Bruce, Cuthbert, Shelley, H. D es Veux, Goddard, Lowther, Magennis, Ives, Crommelin, Moore, Higgins, G. H. Ramsbottom, owneley, H. , Blair Greene, Thornhill, Lloyd, Brooke, Gully, Free stun, Drinkald, &c., &c. WEDNESDAY'S RACES. Sweepstakes of 200 sous. each, h ft, colts, Bst 71b ; fillies Bst 21b. R.M. (7 Subs.) Colonel Anson's lago (F. Butler) 1 Lord Exeter's br c, by Colwick. out of Galata 4 to 1 on lago. The Galata colt cut out the work at a good pace, the favourite lying off a coupl e o f l eng th s to t h e hill, he then took his place, challenged a few lengths f r o m th e chair, and won by half a length. Subscription Plate of 501., for three-year-oldt, 7st ; four, Bst 71b • five, 9st ; six and aged, 9st 21b. T.Y. Lord Stradbroke's Ides (Robins) 1 Colonel Peel's Garry Owen 2 Colonel Wyndham's Brainless Lord Chesterfield's Javelin 4 Lord George Bentinck's Discord Betting -7 to 4on Ides, 3to 1 against Garry Owen. Brainless made running at a great pace to the cords, where it was taken up by Ides, who carried it on to the end, and won easy by a length, Garry Owen beating Brainless as far. The Column Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h ft, for three-years old colts, Szt 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. R.M. Colonel Anson' s l ago ( a llowed 3 lbs) (F. Butler) 1 Mr. Wall's The Crown Prince (allowed slbs) 2 Lord Stradbroke's Lynceus 3 The following were not placed :—Colonel Peel's Samphire, Colonel Anson's Turpin, Lord Albemarle's Smuggler Bill, Lord Albemarle's Radulphus. Betting-2 to 1 agst Lord Albemarle's two-5 to 2 agst Lynceus--4 to 1 agst lago-5 to 1 agst Samphire. Turpin took the lead, followed by lago, the others lying up, with the exception of the Crown Prince, who laid off. They ran in this way to the bushes, where lago took up the running, followed by Lynceus, Crown Prince, and Smuggler Bill ; Crown Prince came at the last and looked very like winning, but ran out at the last and was beaten by half a length, Crown Prince beating Lynceus by a head; Smuggler Bill a bad fourth. CHESTER CUP.-15 to 1 each offered against Wea therbit and Sweetmeat, and 20 to 1 taken about Polish. No change is the Derby. (RECEIVED THIS DAY.) NEWMARKET, WEDNESDAY NIGHT. ENTRIES FOR THURSDAY. Subscription Plate of 501. D.M. Ajax, aged—Khorassan, 6 yrs—Jenny Wren, 4 yrs— Potent, 4 yrs—Sir Francis, 4 yrs—Rowland Hill, 4 yrs— vShaajernpt-isshsimootoe,r3, y 3 yrs — rs inroa Piet ccati l p V 3 ll 3,A i , t r e .sF t . o p t, e. 3 sa y u r t, s- 3 y ß r ro s. tber to Minotaur, 6 yrs, Bst 121b—Coranna, aged, Bst 101b—So rella, 5 yrs, Bst 211—Jenny Wren, 4 yrs, Est 131b—Colleen Bawn, 4 yrs, Est 81b—Petit Morceau, 4 yrs, 6st 61b. LATEST BETTING. _ _ 2,000 GUINEAS STAKES.-3 to 1 agsiTom Tulloch-4 to 1 agst lago. _ 'CHESTER CUP.-15 to 1 agst Weatherbit-15 to 1 agst Sweetmeat-20 to 1 agst Polish-40 to 1 agst Magnet -40 to 1 agst Crim. Con.-40 to 1 agst Petit Morceau (t)- 2,000 to 40 agst Connaught Ranger (t). SOMENSETSEIRE HANDICAP.-5 to 1 agst Lord Saltoun 6to 1 agst Intrepid -8 to 1 agst Queen of Tyne-10 to 1 agst Giantess (t)-10 to 1 agst Newcourt. DERBY.-3 to 1 agst Scott's lot-9 to 2 agst Sting-10 to 1 agst Tom Tulloch-16 to 1 agst Brocardo (t)-20 to 1 agst The Traverser (t)-25 to 1 agst lago (t)-30 to 1 agst Spithead-30 to 1 agst Tibthorpe-30 to 1 agst Humdrum -35 to 1 agst Phenericus. EXCLUSION of FOREIGNERS from the TRADE and FISHERIES of the DANISH COLONIES in GREENLAND. Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade, Whitehall, April 14, 1846. Sir,—lt having been notified to her Majesty's Govern ment by the Danish Minister at this Court that foreigners are excluded by the Danish laws from the trade and fisheries of the Danish colonies in Greenland, I am, therefore, directed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade to communicate the same to you for the information of the Committee for managing the affairs of Lloyd's, with a view to its being made public. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, (Signed) JOHN LEFEVRE. Wm. Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's. DRURY-LANE THEATRE.—The ch arming Anna Thillon appears here this evening in the character of Catarina in Auber's opera of Les Diamans de la Couronne--a part she has made exclusively her own. A huge case of jewellery was yesterday cleared at the Custom-house, which turned out to be the veritable " Crown Jewels," manufactured in Paris, and worn by her on this occasion. BRinsu SHIPWRECKS.—The National Life Boat So ciety estimate, from authentic sources, that the number of British vessels yearly destroyed by shipwreck is 600, the value of property about 2,500,0001. sterling, and the number of lives lost to be about 1,560. EXTRAORDINARY TROTTING CHALLENGE. A chal lenge has been made that an American horse can be produced to trot the respective distances of seventeen miles, eighteen miles, and nineteen miles an hour, on three consecutive days, for a stake of 500 dollars on each day's performance. There is no instance on record of any horse ever trotting mere than oislitom Ali* ill one hour NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. P6RTSMOUTII, WEDNESDAY.—The Retribution steam frigate, Captain liuskiagton,_catne into harbour from Spithead yesterday afternoon to clear out previous to being docked-. This vessel and the Terrible being in harbour, afforded an' opportunity for inspecting both vessels too valuable to let slip We accordingly embraced lit thi s morn i ng, and we foto( the "man-of-war" quali ties of each vessel differed as much as their outward appearances. In a word, the Terrible is the "man-of war ;" she carries upon her upper deck 8 guns, 56 pounders, 11 feet long, a n d we i gh i ng 98 cwt. each ; on her main deck 8 guns, 68-pounders, 65 cwt. each; 3 boats'• guns, and 1 field-piece ; total 20, and can stow 520 tons of coal and three months' provisions with perfect ease. She is, besides, not less than eight feet between decks. The Retribution has only 10 guns (so we were informed to-day on board, nor could we count any more), albeit a " Naval Officer" has addressed a letter to us com plaining of our statement of that among other facts as incorrect. He says, "In the first place, the. Terrible only carries 16 guns, as boats' guns do not count; if they do, the Retribution has 16 also; nor has the Terri ble got any of the 112 cwt. guns oir board; the Retribu tion has 2. In the second place, the Terrible ilk not ship rigged; she is polacca rigged. In the third place, the Retribution has on board at this moment 579 tons of coals, &c. The Terrible has only 300 tons of coals on board." Now, in the first place, the Terrible carries 20 guns; secondly, we sho u ld f ee l grea tl y o bli ge d if "A Nava Officer" (?) will inform us bow long polaccas have had fidded topmasts; and thirdly, the Retribution cannot carry or stow more than 540 tons of coals. It is true the Retribution has two 112 cwt. guns; but what are these in comparison with the Terrible's eight of 98 cwt? The Retribution's other guns are four 56-pounders and four 24's. She has none upon her main deck, although we will do her the justice to say we believe she could both carry and use them in that situation if she tried, and would not then be so easily canted over as she now is by .ei between, a • s ee ia n s th e ic slightest inequ a li ty of the weights on either side, which , his instead of part inconsequ ence o f all her dead weight being on deck, in n , sue a pq n pu d oasliedy n t ot . a q i u t e e n ra c t e io o n f will e n d o g w e - p i i l l a ce ee bo h t torn upon s with Pe uont the sne Terrible, which we unhesitatingly pronounce the finest and most efficient steam-ship in the world. The crew of ,the Scourge, steam-bomb vessel, Com mander Caffin, were exercised in gunboat practice this afternoon at Spithead in the paddle-box boats. The Rodney, 92, Captain Collier, went out of harbour yesterday to Spithead in most gallant style, under canvass. A distinguished party, friends of the officers, went out in her, and partook:of an elegant dejeuner, after which the festivities were kept up, by dancing and music, until sunset, when the happy party returned ashore in the Admiral-Superintendent's yacht. The Contest, 12, was docked on Monday, to be cop pered and completed in fittings for commission. The Emerald tender returned yesterday morning from Plymouth with supernumeraries. The St. Vincent, 120, Captain Sir Richard Grant, is again " all ataunt," and will be ready to go to Spithead about the 22d. The Collingwood, 80, Captain Smart, flag of Rear- Admiral Sir George Seymour, Commander-in-Chief in the Pacific, was at Valparaiso, all well, on the 30th of January. The following extract of a private letter re ceived from her yesterday by private ship, will be read with interest. " We arrived here (Valparaiso) on Monday morn ing, the 29th of December, from Bolabola (one of the Society Islands, long. 151 43 W., fat. 16 18 S.), which we left on the 25th of November. The Collingwood is, in my opinion, a well disciplined and comfortable ship, although sailors will, at times, be dissatisfied. Our ship is allowed to be the clipper' of the station, having sailed with every vessel of the squadron, but been beaten by none. She is a very good sea boat in bad weather. We carried away our mainyard in a squall, but, re paired it at Valparaiso in July. At Callao we made every preparation for action, in consequence of the French President not coming to terms with the Admiral with regard to the money due to our Government ; but it was settled without a shot, the Admiral having given them a longer time to decide. At Owhyee everything is quiet. The Admiral visited the Burning Mountains and returned in three days. We did not anchor at Otaheite, but cruised about for sixteen days, while the Admiral went into harbour in the Modeste, 18, she having accompanied us from Callao, with Mr. Prit chard on board, bound to the Navigator Islands, as consul, I believe. At Oahu everything is quiet, and seems in a thriving condition. King Kahamehameha 111. visited our ship, and was highly delighted with her, never having seen so large a yes sel before. By the way, this island (Oahu) is under the English protectorate flag. At Catharine Island there are about twenty male and female natives comfortably settled, having left Otaheite in consequence of the disturbances. At Otaheite the natives are en camped inland, and will not come to terms with the French; in fact, if they happen to catch a Frenchman out of their bounds, they put him immediately to death. Our admiral gave the ship's company liberty to go ashore at Otaheite in the day-time, but ordered them on board by sunset. The French are very strict, and are building batteries and storehouses fast. They have given Queen Pomare three months to decide whether she will accept the French protection and return to Ota heite (which she positively refuses at present), when, if their offer be not in the interim complied with, they in tend to take her by force; but that, I conceive, they will find some difficulty in doing. The admiral has con demned the Basilisk ketch, and sold her hull, rigging, &c., keeping the arms and ammunition on board of us. At Huaheine the French planted their protectorate flag, but the natives immediately hauled it down and tore it into ribbands. Queen Pomare and family are at Ulietea, quite well; hut she has recently lost one child, and I am given to understand the Salamader steam-sloop will take it to Otaheite to have it interred in the family grave. The French have been per suading, and offering presents to the Queen, which she refuses. At Bolabol a th e F rench have blockaded the port and hoisted their protectorate flag, which caused the natives to leave their homes and go inland, but our Admiral persuaded them to return, and left orders that they are not to be molested by the French until he received despatches from England. I think the French are going rather too far. The natives visited our ship, and were dancing their war-dances the whole of the afternoon ; they seemed quite grateful to the Admiral for restoring them to their homes. They detesta French man. Our Admiral went to church with Queen Pomare, and distributed presents to her people ; gave her some provisions, and told her to wait calmly until be came again. She puts great dependence on England for pro tection. While off Otaheite, we found that our mizen mast was rotten ; we have got it out, and the carpenters are at work about it (being a built' mast it can be re paired), and we are refitting with all possible dispatch, and expect to sail in about a month for Callao, to meet the fleet, where I expect he (Admiral Seymour) will come to terms with the President one way or the other. After that I think we shall go to leeward again, to settle about Bolabola and the adjacent islands. The Herald and Pandora are gone to leeward surveying. The Spy is at Valparaiso, but expects to take the station of the Basilisk at Oahu. The Salamander is at Bolabola. The Admiral and family are all well. The Durham store ship, with supplies for us, has a great deal of her cargo damaged by water, having had a bad passage round Cape Horn." —Times. THE CONVEYING OF CALVES TO MARKET. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—The public press affording, in many cases, the only medium through which attention and reprobation may be drawn to practices which apparently there are no other means of preventing or punishing, I hope you will allow me The use of a brief space in your columns:to solicit the attention of the public to the very cruel mode in which the greater part of the calves are conveyed to the London markets. Crowded into carts, and lying upon each other, having all their legs tied, with their heads hanging out, their tongues swollen, their mouths parched with thirst, they are jolted for many miles, and arrive at their destination in a state most painful to witness. As a proof of what they suffer, it is sufficient to state that it is by no means unfrequent for some of them to die on the road. Self-interest, which, in the absence of better motives, generally prevents cruelty being carried to the extreme, appears frequently, in the case of the poor calves, to be lost sight of, and I am sure that the ob servation of all who have opportunities of witnessing the cart-loads of calves as they come into town, or in the markets, will confirm this assertion. Hoping that, if you permit this to appear, it may be the means of eliciti ng some suggestions by, which an improved and less cruel mode of conveyance may be attained, I am, Sir, y our very obedient servant, Pall-mall, 15th April, 1846. G. M. LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE NORTH-EASTERN RAILWAY, FROM SKIP TON TO YORK. TO TH.kiDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Knowing so well that you are at all times most anxious to correct any error that may appear in your columns, I beg to call your attention to the notice of various railway and other companies which appeared in your paper on Monday last, and which you style " Bubble and Quixotic." In this list, lam surprised to find the name of the above company. Now, Sir, as a considerable original s h are h o ld er (not scripholder), I consider that you were not justified in so classifying this company, and for this reason, that the directors of the company (with one or two exceptions) are gentlemen intimately connected with the district, and possessed of large landed estates ; and that the inhabitants of the district are most anxious that the railway should be made, and as a proof that this scheme is neither a bubble or a Quixotic one, I may state that the greater portion of this line was proposed to be made by two distinct and independent existing companies in connexion: with their own lines,'via., the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway Company, and the Leeds and Thirsk Railway Company, and that they each took the necessary steps to apply to Parliament, but they withdrew their scheme in favour of this company, as I understand, because they considered that the directors of the North-Eastern Com pany, having such strong local interest, were the best fitted to carry out the project which I have every reason to believe will be one of the best before Parliament — at least that is my opinion. I shall feel obliged by ycur inserting this in your paper.—l am, Sir, your most ob A edizt se' HOLDER. Manchester, April 15, 1846. [The notice was copied from a morning paper.—En. Sun.] FREAK or FORTUNE. —A poor woman, named Har rison, living in Pye-street, Westminster, and who gained a precarious living by selling Congreve matches and songs, has within the last few days become possessed of 4501. by the death, intestate, of an elder brother in Dublin, who would nvt render her tie oliglatofit wilotaim during hill life. FREE TRADE IN RELIGION. The town of Birmingham has been in a state of great commotion during the last few weeks, in consequence of a series of what are termed "Revival" meetings, the scenes at which are of a most extraordinary and unpre cedented character. It appears that the Rev. J. Caughey, a minister in connexion with the Wesleyan Episcopal Church in America, commenced these meetings about three months ago, in one of the Wesleyan chapels, and that the effects of his preaching were such as to excite members of his audience, chiefly females, to an extent bordering on distraction. The notoriety of the preacher, and the scenes that occurred, drew immense crowds, and for sixty successive night the spacious chapel in Cherry street was not only filled, but hundreds had to turn away from the doors for want of room within. The reverend gentleman has now changed the scene of his labours, having this week commenced another course of meet ings in a different part of the town. The same results have followed as at the previous meetings, and no pen can - describe what these results really are. Some idea of the character of the sermon, however, may be formed from a brief account of what oc curred on Sunday. After a short sermon in the morn ing or a practical kind, but chiefly remarkable for the declamatory character of the style, those who " were seeking salvation" were incited to attend the meeting in the afternlon. At this service preparations were made to assist all who might go forward in their inquiries and as pirations by about thirty lay and clerical preachers, who had previously taken their place within the altar there for that purpose. Mr. Caughey now invited the inquirers to come for ward to the altar, and " when they were saved, others would have the opportunity of taking their -place." A good many, principally females, at once obeyed the call, and then commenced a scene of the most maniacal-like description which can possibly be conceived. The ex hibition of the unknown tongues was nothing in com parison with it. Some were sighing, others crying— some ejaculating scripture phrases with great violence of speech and gesture—and some, again seemed absorbed in a rhapsody of silent devotion. As they knelt round the altar, almost every inquirer had one, if not more, of these spiritual advisers kneeling before her, in close conversa tion • while oth ers , l ess d evote dl y engage d , exc l a i me d, " The work goes on ! the work goes on ?" By and by several of these most strongly affected were removed into the vestry, w h ere they were attended by Mr. Caughey's as sistants ; b ut two worshippers, a man and his wife, clung to the ariinadirl Around tio n o n dft continued h tuh e eeds a ei l n t a p r tehr w as ot i t n h rs s aa o i btnioiouentth forinn g dfo l n i z k l el e yn a hya death f io ra n s r p, ministers were grouped ; one planted himself on his veh hferrontto. o b f el i t e h v e e, w fi o r m s t a n on , e an a d nd w th h e il n e knees e i n na t m ly e e d n ia tr t e el a g Y tin in another of the congregation fell on his knees, and in a state of the greatest excitement continued in prayer ; others were singing, and just as the noise began to quiet a little, the person in front of the woman stood up and cried out, " Glory ! glory ! she believes," when the whole assembly within the altar rails burst forth in a strain of the wildest acclamation—" Glory ! glory Hallelujah Amen." In the midst of this melee, Mr. from Cau h g hteye 1p , wphuohit, walked adbeenquietly down, ov and taking h overlooking theexihsibpiticeiaon. by the side of the distressed woman, told the audience that she would " g e t save d th a t afternoon. The voice of God had said so to him, and as her husband had got saved last week, he was now wrestling in ,prayer that his wife might get saved too." Again the young man already referred to got up, and exclaiming " She's saved !" the whole chorus, in the most frantic like manner, burst forth afresh in the exclamation " Glory! glory !.." This was too muc h f or h uman na t ure . The poor wo man now completely broke down, the blood seemed dancing in every vein of her head, and when about to leave the altar she fell into the arms of her hus band in an almost lifeless state. In this condition she was taken to the vestry, accompanied by the young men who surrounded her, and the door was shut. In the evening Mr. Caughey preached fro m th e text, '• This year thou sh a lt die;' and after assuring tho audience that he had been commissioned by the Lord to warn some in that assembly that this year they must die, .tThel oa same a e ha d m de t h bt ezt before.particulars of the cases w hi c h h ad i llustrated the truth o f hi s di v i ne commission, when preaching on alarmed T The one - e a r s t that e o r f mit a g e , n t t l h e a m t a h n e , told his wife " that he could stand it no longer;" went home, had just time to say he had insured his life for a thousand pounds; that he had his soul also insured in heaven, and died. The other was that of a poor man in York, who, after the service, said to his wife that he had no doubt but that year he should die as Mr. Caughey had told him ; and in less than ten days he was found by a gentleman passing by the wayside, resting on a bed of chaff, and uttering the words "God have mercy on me," and he died. The effect of these anecdotes, as told by the speaker, was such that but few people of weak minds could withstand them ; and when the speaker had worked the feelings of his audience to the highest pitch of excitement, there was enough in the scene to drive even wise men mad. Having requested the gas-keeper not to turn on the gas till he gave orders for it, the sepulchral-like gloom, as night came down, was made a gnat deal of. This period was devoted to the exereire of devotion, in which the speaker called upon all who were impressed to follow him in his vow to " re nounce the world, the devil, and the flesh ;" and after a while the gas was turned on, when a shout of exultation, praising God th a t h e h a d ill um i ne d at the same time the minds of the people present, closed this service. Then followed a repetition of the scenes enacted in the after noon, and, we believe, with the same or similar effects. From this description of these meetings, does it not ap pear remarkable that with all our boasted intelligence, there should still be so much superstition and prejudice amongst the people ? It is no defence of these unnatural and unseemly exhibitions to say, that the chief actors are sincere, nor that in many instances good has thus been done. That may be quite true ; but sincerity, without reason and intelligence to guide and control it, is a mo tive that as readily impels to evil as to good.—Chronicle. SERIOUS AND FATAL ACClDENT. — Yesterday after. noon an accident resulting in the death of one individual and the maiming of another, took place near the Marsh gate, Lambeth. It appears that a female, named Hayson, with her child in her arms, was being driven in her own chaise cart, when by some mismanagement it came into violent collision with a waggon that happened to be passing at the time. The shock was so great that it precipitated Mrs. Hayson, with her child underneath the waggon, when one of the wheels passed over one of the mother's legs, crushing it in a dreadful manner, while another passed over the child, an infant about four months old, and killed it on the spot. Mrs. Hayson was immediately removed to the nearest hospital in a state of great bodily and mental suffering. REMARKABLE INCIDENT ON THE CROYDON ATMOS- , PHERIC RAILWAY.—On Monday last a singular occurrence transpired on the above line of railway. During one of those pelting showers which have lately been so prevalent, the labourers employed on the works have had on certain parts of the line no shelter, consequently they have been frequently drenched with rain, which has greatly inconvenienced them in their labour. It is well known that the tubes on the line are about twelve inches in diameter, and that they are con structed with a groove or slit at the top, which aperture is cemented by tallow and wax to render the valve air-tight. Shortly after the down train had passed the station near the Dartmouth Arms, one of the labourers was non est inventus. The rain was descending in torrents, and the other men supposed that their companion had left the line for shelter. After the cessation of the rain, however, as he did not make his appearance, the circumstance created some surprise, but the workmen continued their labour until they were interrupted by faint cries, which seemed to pro cetd from one of the atmospheric tubes lying en the side of the rails. On approaching the tube from which the sounds emanated, great was the astonishment of the men on per ceiving the extremities of a man protruding from the aper ture of the metal, at the same time hearing moans and cries for help. It appeared that the shower had induced the man to enter this most extraordinary shelter, and having unable to in squeezing himself in with difficulty, he .was cries lln i for to withdraw himself from the pipe, and henc e . h the man was drawn forth with the melted tallow. completely senseless and dripping respiratory organs had effected f a o s r sis s t n a m n e ce. tim T e l:e w m h e e n n t a u t gg le ec i7 l B. ldpulled withallt z beir might The heat of his body and d wouldsatu rated ! have Had almost been ffo left cated much an longer,coinpleltiefley been extinct. The man is exceedingly attenuated, therefore he succeeded in entering this novel kind of shelter hisde w liv it e h ra g n r c eas e, e w . he H n a a from the weather. CHILD MURDER.—Monday Mr. Wakley, M.P., held an inquest at the Castle Inn, Notting-hill, on the body of a newly-born female child, which was found on the afternoon of Thursday last, in a pond, near the Prince of Wales, public house, tied up in a bundle. Mr. Barnes, surgeon, of Notting hill, stated at the inquest that the deceased had been born alive, and probably lived about four or five hours. There were no marks of external violence on the body to account for death, neither had he, from the internal examination, been able to find any cause for death. The Coroner said there were many modes of causing death in an infant, without any external marks being visible, and the jury re turned a verdict of " Wilful murder against some person or persons unknown." _ BITTER ALE.—I do not know whether the following is the recipe for Bass's pale ale or not, but it is quite as good. To make 100 gallons, use nine bushels of malt, or ten if strength is desired, 23 to 271bs. Kentish hops, according to the required degree of bitterness, three pounds of camomile flowers, stewed in a jar and strained. Put the camomile flowers and the hops in at the same time. Boil the malt and water till the liquor begins to fine itself, and that is the time to add the hops and flowers.—Correspondent of Gar.. dener's Chronicle. A boar hunt took place on the 6th instant, in the forest of Ermenonville, in which the Duke de Nemours and the Prince de Joinville took part. An enormous wild bear, after having received a ball from the rifle of M. Audry, the head keeper of the Duke d'Aumale, was killed by the Prince de Joinville. The horse of one of the aides-de-camp of the Duke de Nemours was wounded in the leg by the Animal's tusk. Tuesday the annual Easter horse and beast fair__ w e as morning, BASINGSTOKE FAT STOCK AND HORSE FAIR' - he T d O in n the "Fair Close," at the back of the t t o h w e n s . upp Tt y (particu larly fine, brought many buyers, good soon found a ready sale; by t w o of fat beasts) being shorter remunerating prices. The sheep ffs quality Fepraaet dr pt, iogs realised fosm tmhe aeleft d eco last iutoshne: changed hands at good and early in the day, at full 20 and lambs were nearly all B o ld a t n h d u o n , c 1 ock usual, nearly everything all h act fetchedgood p ri c es • ht and nag horses prices , m ferioryear. Good draug ht score, plgs the supply oseaw many ie same i a n bl st e oh . owi s , 8 ,C. , ones and ponies for keeping, u p p er to ce i n o t s. . 6d. better per a I, li t o h ous a nt n dus t nn h ; unsold. fair unsold, the season_ being . being above driven I n , e a y w e a s y terday, while collecting rt t oh r wye made n e s de m and; ca f rom pl y e oa9 of Using m.b a etaionn c yg l 9 o s : b e , e6 . urdrei. S edd t pr o iae r l Two boys, eleven and nine years of age, had a nar row on Blackheath, by a quantity of loose sand giving way, and falling upon them. They were with some difficulty ex tricated, without having sustained much damage. NORTHERN RAILWAYS. We understand that the Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin Company offered to amalgamate with the Great North Company, and that the line to be adopted should be fixed by three eminent engineers. This offer has been declined, on the ground, we believe, of the alleged superiority of the latter line. The Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin Company have exhibited a very accommodating spirit, so far as to avoid the expense of a Parliamentary con test. They are, however, prepared to maintain the sup.. riority of the coat line.— Scottish Railway Gautge, THE SUN, LONDQN, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 16, 1848