The Sun. — London, England, 1846-11-09 00:00:00

NEW WORK, BY THE AUTHOR OF " WHITEFRIARS." Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., C2ESAR :130R GIA; AN HISTORICAL ROMANCE. By the Author of " Whitefriars." Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 - vols. post svo., R A V E N S N E ST; Or, THE RED SKINS. By J. FENIMORE COOPER, E. Author of " The Pilot," " The Prairie," " The Deerslayer," &c. " One of the ablest productions of the great American noyelist." —Sun. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE. MESSRS. LAMOND, SMALE, AND LAMOND, Railway Share Auctioneers, beg to thank their Friends and the Public for their contin ued support and patronage, and to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c., take place every TIIESDAT and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place, favours:. containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfully requested to be addressed. All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day previous to their being offered ; and advices of resu lt s will be forwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds Imme diately disposed of according to instmctions. (aces, Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street. London. TIIEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIa EVENING - Will be performed Lavenu s new Opera, entitled LORETTA ; A Tale of Seville. Don Carlos, Mr. Harrison; Ferdinand, Mr. King ; Philipp°, Mr. Rorrani ; Provost Marshal, Mr. Howell ; Don Juanito, Mr. Weiss ; Loretta, Madame Anna Bishop ; Florinda, Miss Poole ; Gaetana, Miss Rebecca Isaacs. After the Opera will be performed a grand Ballet entertainment, entitled LTNE KERMES. In which MM. Paul, Theodore, Tell ; Mdlles. Adele Benart, Anita Dubignon, Louise ; Mesdms. Guibilei, Theodore, and Les Sceurs St. Lot wi:l appear. THEATRE ROYAL. HAYMARKET. Under the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee. THIS EVENING Will be performed an original Comedy, entitled LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP; or, Wooings and Weddings. Mr. Oddington, Mr. W. Farren ; Mr. Rashleigh, Mr. Hudson ; Mr. De Were, Mr. Holl ; Mr. Brandon, Mr. Howe ; Mr. Hardman. Mr. Rogers ; Jack Spriggs, Mr. Webster; 1 . .. m Tilley, Mr. Buckstone ; Miss Brown, Mrs. Glover ; Claribel Oddington, Miss Fortescue ; Wary Oddington, Miss P. Horton ; Elinor Mortimer, Mrs. Yarnold ; Fanny Hartman, Miss Julia Bennett. After which a New Comedy, in three acts, entitled QUEEN MARY'S BOWER. Principal characters by Messrs. Webster, Hudson, Howe, Brindal, Braid ; Miss Fortescue, Miss Telbin, &c. During the evening the Band will perform the Aria, " Vivi Tu," Cornet a Piston ; the " Grus an Prag " (Polkas) ; the " Sophien Tanze" (Walzer); and the " Lestoco " (Overture). To conclude with a new Farce, called SPRING GARDENS. Lord Courtington. Mr. Holt; Sir Arthur Lovel, Mr. Howe ; Scoreup, Mr. Buckstone ; Lady Clarissa, Mrs. Buckingham ; Mrs. Scoreup, Miss Julia Bennett. Boz-oilice open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction of Mr. T. Archer, Box Book-keeper. THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM. Under the Management of Mrs. Keeley. Last Three sights of the Company Performing previous to the Christmas Vacation. THIS CVENING The performances will commence with a New Comic Drama, TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. Principal characters by Messrs. A. Wigan, Meadows, and Keeley; Mrs. Woollidge, Mrs. A. Wigan, Miss Hicks, Miss Turner, Miss Howard, and Mrs. Keeley. To be followed by a New Farce, called MRS. lIARRIS. Henry Masker, Mr. A. Wigan ; Mr. Slickey, Mr. F. Mathews ; Biliary Shivers, Mr. Meadows ; Fanny Platt, Miss Arden ; Mrs. Harris, Mr. Keeley. To conclude with the Burlesque of THE MAGIC HORN. In which Mr. Keeley, Mr. A. Wigan, Mr. Frank Matthews, 3liss Vil las, Miss Keeley, Miss Fairbrother, Miss Bromley, and Mrs. Keeley will perform. rtIEATME ROYAL, ADELYiII. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE. THIS EVENING _ Will be performed a grand Fairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet of LA GISELLE, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS ; or, the Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford. Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. Cullenford, Madame Celeste, Miss Marian Taylor, Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin, and Mrs. Laws. After which, the popular Musical Comedy of SWEETHEARTS AND WIVES. Admiral Franklin, Mr. Lambert; Charles Franklin, Mr. Selby ; ally Lackaday, Mr. Wright; Sandford, Mr. Worrell; Curtis, Mr. Cullenfurd ; Mrs. Bell, Mrs. F. Matthews ; Eugenia, Mrs. Yates ; Laura, Miss Woolgar ; Susan, Miss Brooks. To conclude with a Bozzian Sketch, in one act, called MRS. GAMY'S TEA AND TURN-OUT. Principal characters by Messrs. Cullenford, Worrell, Ryan, Wright, Munyard ; Miss 31. Taylor, and Miss Ellen Chaplin. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. J. M. Maddox, sole Lessee and Manager. THIS EVENING Will be performed an original romantic Opera, in three parts, entitled THE NIGHT DANCERS; founded on the Story of " Giselle." The principal characters personified by Miss Georgiana Smithson, Madame Albertazzl, Miss Flower, Miss Somers, Misses Marshall ; Messrs. Leffler, Allen, Bodda, Walton, T. Hill, Honner, Peren, &c. After which a new farce, entitled KEEPING A PLACE. Major Spikespur. Mr. Granby; Crocus, Mr. Compton ; Miss Dorothea Danzers, Mrs. Fosbroke ; Tidy, Miss Laporte. To conclude with a new Comic Drama, entitled ALL FOR THE BEST. Mr. Walkinpop, Mr. Compton; Alfred, Mr. A. llarris ; Parchment, Mr. Smith; Isaac, Mr. Honner ; Clara, Miss Honner. FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. Mr. MITCHELL begs respectfully to announce that the ensuing season of French plays at the St. James's Theatre will be commenced on WEDNESDAY EVENING, November 11, by the engagement of the favourite Comedian, Monsieur Perlet, who will appear for a limited number of representations, assisted by Monsieur Cartigny (of the Theatre Francais). M. Rhozevil (of the Theatre du Gymnase) and Mademoiselle Brohan (Premiere Soubrette of the Theatre Francais), her first appearance in this country. Mr. Mitchell has also the honour to announce that, encouraged by the distinguished patronage which has been conferred upon his manage ment, he has engaged the following eminent artistes, who will appear in succession during the season :—Monsieur l'erlet, Mademoiselle Brohan, Monsieur Frederick Lemaitre, Mademoiselle Clarisse, Monsiear Lafont, Mademoiselle Fargueil (her first appear ance in this country), Monsieur Alcide Tousez (of the Theatre du Palais Royal, his first appearance), Mademoiselle 'Duverger, (of the Theatre du Pallas Royal, her first appearance), Mademoiselle Aline Vallee (of the Theatre du Gymnase, her first appearance), Mademoiselle Rose Cheri (of the Theatre du Gyinnase), whose performances last year were so eminently mice• ssful, and during whose engagement, will be produced the new domestic drama of CLARISSA. HARLOWE, now performing in Paris with extraor dinary success, and also a new Play, written expressly for Mademoi selle Rose Cheri, by the popular author, Monsieur Scribe ; Monsieur Regnier (of the Theatre Francais), Mademoiselle Denain (also of the Theatre Francais, her first appearance in this country), and the dis tinguished actor, M. Bouffe (his first appearance since 1343) ; in ad dition to which the celebrated TragEsllenne, 31,111 e. Rachel, for a limited number of representations, and will appear in the popular Plays of " Marie Stuart," by Le Brun ; " Britanicus," by Racine ; " Tattered," by Voltaire; " Berenice," by R :eine ; "Arcane," by Corneille, and other plays of her well-known repertoire. Madlle. Rachel has also undertaken to per orm, for the first time, the cha racter et Celimene. in Moliere'a Comedy of" Lc Minanttn-n7x,' . 71,c subscription will be 11. r fifty representation", on 3lnn,hly and Friday evenings, wt h the privilege of exchanging for the ll ednesday even ing performance, an arrant ement which has hitherto afforded so much convenience and satisfaction. Application for Season Boxes and Stalls to be made at Mr. MI TCHELL'S Royal Library, 33, Old Bond•strcet. OLYITPIC THEATRE. Mr. George Bolton, sole Lessee and Manager. THIS EVENING Will he performed the f.i,;, ,,— ortfiiialiFYLAPSE. Lord Fopp!ng ton, Mr. Wa'ter Lacy; Young Fashi , n, Mr. G. 1.1..1t0n ; Loveless, Mr. Leigh Murray; Sir Tunbelly Clumsy, Mr. A ilkinson; Coupler, Mr. J. Cowell Lory, Mr. S. Cowell ; Worthy, Mr. Archer ; Nur e, Mrs. C. Jones; Amanda Mrs. It. Gordan ; Berinthia, Miss Charles ; Miss Hoyden, Mrs. Walter Lacy. After which. a erand MALLET DIVERTISSEMENT and MU SICAL MELANGE. To conclude with the Farce of AMATEURS AND AC 'ORS. Geoffrey Muftincap (his original charact,r, against his will), Mr. Wilkinson. VAVIDOE'S ROYAL SUilltEl TiIEATRE. Lessee, Mrs. Frances Davidge. Reappearance of the cele'Tated Tragic Art'stes, Miss Cushman and Miss Susan Cushman, for Six Nights only. THIS EVENING Will be performed Shakspere's Play of ROMEO AND JULIET. Romeo, MI.B Cushman ; Mereutio, Mr. Saville ; Benvolio, Mr. Johnson; Capulet, Mr. Nes'op; Tybalt, Mr. Fredericks ; Friar Lawrence, Mr. Neville ; Peter, Mr. Webb ; Juliet, Miss Susan Cushman ; Nurse, Mrs. Daly. To conclude with the Drama of ALICE GRAY, TIIE SUS PECTED ONE ; or, The Moral Brand. Supported by the prin cipal talent of the Company. ASTI.EY'sI P.OYAL AM etiMIKATRK. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Peronised by her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Prince Albert, and Royal Family. Second Week of the celebrated Artiste Stall-Master STEINBRECHT, Master of the Horse to the King of Prussia, with his highly-trained Prussian horses. First Weett of the new Magical Spectacle, Introducing the Syrian Camels and Deer. 3loas. Neuperto, the great Dutch Bottle Equilitnist, and the Champion Vaulters. THIS EVENING Will be performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Romance, en titled THE DEMON HORSE ; or, The Twelve Wishes and the Charmed Bit. In which will be introduced a Wi:d Stag-Hunt, by living Deer, and numerous attractive scenic effects. Entire change in the Scenes of the CIRCLE. To conclude with a laughable AFTERPIECE. Box-office open from eleven till live o'clock.—Doors mum at Six aid commence at to 7 o'clock.—Stage Manager, 31r. W.Broadfoot. THE WEATHER,.—SUN OFFICE, NovEatnEa 8. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 41; Highest, 44; Noon, 45. BAROMETER, 30 47.—Wmn E., hazy. MLitt WATER AT LONDON-RRLDOE Tills DAY. Morning .. 23 minutes after 5. I Evenin3 .. 44 minutes after F.. infirttin ./11/14 LONDON, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1846. Notwithstandin g the many obstacles raised by the peasantry themselves to impede the distribution of assistance, the number of those employed by the Board of Works is increasing daily and with extraor dinary rapidity. The officers, whether presiding over that temporary department of the Irish Legislature, or commissioned to carry their benevolent resolutions into operation, are evincing the most exemplary anxiety to assuage the sufferings already experienced by the population, and to diminish the fears inspired by the approaching winter. Despite the unremitted opprobrium cast upon them as a body, and in abso. lute defiance, as it were, of the lawlessness and vio knee of a considerable proportion of the com munity, the beneficent labours of these dispensers of the public bounties are continued with unflagging energy. The " total" employed, according to the latest intelligence, whether in county works or drainage, has already amounted to upwards of one hundred and ten thousand individuals. Every means is being sedulously adopted for the purpose of causing the better disse m i na ti on o f t h e sums granted by Par liament, and abstracted from the national exchequer. The exigencies of the different localities are calculated in succession, and the requisite aid transm itted as quickly as the griwevuzsdibnevolvements of the country will permit. It hopeless to anticipate the immediate extrication of Ir eland from her present difficulties. Those difficuultuileusssar removed in their character, essentially cumulative. with m a o f ved . upon their their that appearance, they multiply in asilrnultaneous baffles any siil4fititiko art - f or is iramand usvhbeire destruction.. TherapiWyorsorrows destitution has once , pervaded society more numerous than that of ,tl* microscopic crea tures whose fecundity liiiiiff4d4d so much astonish ment to philosopheia.k7# ' 7 nce, however, w hi c h is being distribittediamowit e impoverished p o p u - V • ... i "cj 4-34 , . 7, 'ear . ill* VLidr47. - AFAIIIIINK ,ILZNITNe• . 42 . ••••1.4.•••-• • lation of our sister country by the Board of Works is so bountiful in its particular application, and so swiftly transmitted, that the rapid diminution of these diffi culties may be anticipated. Besides the relief thus munificently afforded by Government we are gratified to observe a cordial co operation visible in the individuals to whom the Go vernment most looked for that co-operation. Specu lators are importing largely into the Irish markets ; and while an unusual quantity of cattle is carried rom Ireland, an unprecedented quantity of grain is being carried to Ireland. We are aware that to the majority the costliness of barley, wheat, and flour will render those importations an unattainable ad vantage. Indian corn, however, being a cheaper description of nutriment might materially diminish the effects of the vegetable scarcity ; and, of Indian corn, upwards of fifty thousand quarters have been conveyed thither from Liverpool alone during an interval extending from the Ist of July to the commencement of November inclusively. It will be utterly impossible, nevertheless, to cope with the numerous and enormous difficulties of this population, unless it will enable itself to become the recipient of official and private gene rosity. Unless the murderers who molest the more peaceful members of that community, unless the vile and treacherous marauders who endanger the pre servation of property, unless all the vice and infamy of that nation, embodied in its insurrectionists, be purged away by the vigorous interference of the Executive nothing whatever can be done for the effectual alleviation of their sufferings. The Courts strongly favoured the latter party, from considerations of public policy, and devices were sanctioned, and fictions recognised by the judi• cial bench, that could scarcely be supposed likely to deceive any but the wilfully blind. Hence, the adoption of fines and recoveries, by which restrictions were evaded, and the intention of the former owners of the property defeated, and the public good was secured although in a circuitous and disreputable manner. In Scotland a stricter course was pursued ; the judges would not do wrong, or act on erroneous principles in order that good might come, and there- fore, in that country strict entails have been per mitted, and every one in any degree acquainted with properties so circumstanced must be fully aware, of the great evils occasioned thereby, that they act as a bar to all improvements, and have prevented the ameliorations that would otherwise undoubtedly have taken place, both in the land itself and in the condition of its occupants. We are essentially a commercial nation, and where commerce prevails there must ever be a constant i change going on. Industry and prudence are sure to raise their possessor in the social scale, and when he has attained the wealth for which he has toiled he naturally looks around for the means of its disposal, for the full enjoyment of the otium cum dignatate ; he desires to become a landed proprietor, and he finds many owners of the soil impoverished and weighed down with debts and encumbrances, unable to main tain the position in which they are placed, and who are anxious to sell their estates, and the transfer is made not only to the benefit of the immediate par ties, but also of the entire tenantry, and others con nected with the lands, who obtain a wealthy, liberal, and improving landlord, a provider of employ ment for those compelled to earn their daily bread by the sweat of their brow, in place of one whose necessities compelled him to exact the utter most farthing, and who was unable to assist the neighbouring labourer or tradesman. The free transfer of land, as of any other commodity, is essen tial to the public interests, and any restrictions placed in its way should, as speedily as possible, be got rid of. The stamp duties payable to Government on any sale or mortgage of land are much too high, and they are regulated on the unjust principle of being in the inverse proportion of the purchase-money, or consideration : thus a much larger sum per cent. is charged on a small transaction than on a large one- A purchaser with many thousands to expend may not be deterred from investing in land by the legal expenses attendant on the transfer, but the owner of a few hundreds will pause before he will permit a large portion of his capital to be absolutely thrown away. It is now universally admitted that any unnecessary expenses thrown in the way of a transfer of any description of property is mischievous in its results. The Legislature has acted on the principle. Auction duties have been abolished, and the greatest freedom of barter and transfer been encouraged. Why should not this be adopted in land, as well as in goods or chattels of any description ? It may be said that it is necessary to continue the tax for the purpose of revenue. This may be the case, but we are quite con vinced that if the stamp duties were reduced to one quarter of the amount that are now charged, and the other expenses attending the transfer also reduced, the Exchequer would gain in place of losing by the alteration. The first step, therefore, that should be taken should be a revision of the stamp duties con nected with the transfer, changing, or leasing of land, and a material reduction "in their amount ;" they should in every case be charged a fixed per tentage, and the wealthy man should not be charged at a more moderate rate than his poorer fellow-subject. As an illustration of the inequitable system at present in use, we may mention the stamp duties charged on different mortgages :—on a mortgage for 3001., 51. 155., or H. 18. 4d. per cent. ; on a mortgage for 3,0001., 91. 155., or something less than 6s. Bd. per cent. ; and on a mortgage for 100,0001., 271. 155., or some thing about 61 per cent. The rate per cent. charged to the borrower of 3001. being more than sixty times that charged to the borrower of 100,0001., and six times that charged to the borrower of 3,0001. The next step should be the shortening of the length of the deeds pf conveyance, which, by useless verbosity, and needless repetitions, are prolonged to twenty times the necessary length. It is, of course, the interest of the lawyer, who is remunerated according to the length of the documents he prepares, to extend them to the utmost limit, and indeed it may be necessary, as the law at present stands, to go to such lengths, in order to prevent future difficulties. We do not see, how ever, why there should not he a public standard of precedents, PS well as of weights and measures. Many books contain forms of every provision that could be required, at least of those in common use, and if the precedents were publicly recognised, so that a short allusion to them would be sufficient for all lauyoses, there would indeed be a great reduction in this part of the expense which might be effected without any difficulty what soever, and we do not think that the profits of the conveyancer or solicitor would be thereby diminished. They would be recompensed for the smaller remu neration receivable out of each transaction by the vast increase that would take place in such trans actions by the lessening the expense thereof. barley, rye, and oats are becoming excessively dear. Rye is at the same price as wheat was last year. The ' sack of flour has risen from 2f. to 3f. Toe first quali ties are now paid 87f. and 88f. the 159 kilogrammes. . Flour is from 151. to 201. dearer than two months ago. The Saxe rate is strongly rising within the limits of 45c. the kilogramme. Advices from the departments unfor tunately announce a rise everywhere." The Journal des Dgbats publishes the following letter, dated St. Petersburgh, October 22. We have great doubts as to the truth of the assertion that Russia refused to adhere to Lord PALMERSTON'S policy. The German p ipers, which have hitherto been considered the organs of the Russian Govern ment, assert the direct contrary ; and the Debatv has so frequently, on the subject of this marriage, pub lished intelligence the direct contrary of truth, that its assertions are not entitled to much credit : " The official announcement cf the conclusion of the treaty o f navigation with France has produced here a favourable impression on all classes. The document lies for the Emperor's signature, and we have reason to be lieve that in a few days it will be forwarded to Paris for the exchange of ratifications. The reciprocal conces sions of this convention, and the mutual eagerness shown in carrying it into execution, have acquired, it must be acknowledged, a greater value than at the commence ment of the negotiations ; for it is at the very moment when the treaty is about to be sanctioned by the Em peror that have taken place the vain attempts to induce the Russian Government to adopt, relative to the ques tion of Spain, a course adverse to France. This justice must be rendered to the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh. From the outset it rejected every overture, and positively refused to adhere to Lord Palmerston's policy. With the exception of Podolia and the Government of Witespk, the harvest has everywhere been most abundant, and there are still at Cronstadt a good number of foreign vessels taking corn on board. Unfortunately, the navigation will soon be closed, but, at its re-opening, we are convinced that the intercourse with France will assume an activity profitable to the merchant vessels of both nations. The southern parts of Russia, and the Crimea in particular, have had an im mense produce in corn. The two divisions of the fleet in the Baltic, forming together a force of 32 vessels of the line, 24 frigates, and smaller vessels and steamers in proportion, have returned to Revel and Cronstadt to be laid up for the winter. This latter port, formed by islands, will speedily be united to the mainland by a railway constructed on piles, which will be only an ex tension of the line, which, following the left bank of the Neva, arrives from St. Petersburgh. These works are being pursued at the same time as the deepening the channel of the river, which, when concluded, will alldw large vessels to go up to the magnificent quays of the capital. " The new powers conferred on Prince Woronzow have produced the best effect on the morale of the army in the Caucasus. Amongst the measures adopted by that General is one which cannot be too much applauded. Many officers of the Imperial Guard, which is always stationed at St. Petersburgh, went, for a short time to Daghestan, and returned with advanced rank and decorations. The Prince has issued an order announcing that henceforward every officer serving under his orders must consider himself' engaged for an unlimited period, and this equitable de cision has been received with gratitude by the officers, who have no claims to promotion but their bravery. The Emperor, who incessantly exercises that prodigious activity of body which he possesses in so eminent a de gree, returned unexpectedly on the 18th, to his palace of Tsarskoe-Selo, with the Hereditary Grand Duke. The Czar and his son' had proceeded to Moscow on an inspection, and were not expected until the 22d, the eve of the marriage of the daughter of Prince Ca,ernit scheff, Minister of War. Mademoiselle Marie Czernit scheff, whom the Emperor does the honour to give away, is a charming young person, and is about to be married to the young Prince Baratinsky, formerly Aide-cle•catnp of his Highness Prince Mentchikoff, Minister of Marine, and at present attached to the person cf Count Nessel rode, Chancellor of the Empire and Minister for Foreign Affairs." It is with the deepest affliction that we observe another outrage has been perpetrated in a different quarter of Ireland, similar to those which have com pelled his Excellency the Lord-Lieutenant to suspend the works at Tulla. On the 3d of November a party of ruffians assembled at Mallow, and drove two hun dred and fifty unfortunate labourers from the Great Southern and Western Railway. Those navigators were employed at the daily remuneration of from Is. 6d. to is. Bd.; and by this atrocious interference on the part of their less industrious brethren both themselves and their families are again plunged into a state of destitution. Some de cisive measures are necessary for the preven tion of the repetition of these most criminal proceed ings. It is preposterous to suppose that Government must entail upon itself additional expenses to those already incurred. It is preposterous to expect that a standing army must be employed to protect the la bourers engaged upon the public works, or those en • gaged by individual speculation. Upon that principle the Executive would ultimately have to cram food down the throats of the indigent. Government has a loftier position to assume. The Irish peasantry are surely not destined to dwindle into imbeciles and sucklings. Let them prove that such is not their destination ; they can most effectually do so by delivering their abandoned countrymen over to justice. We adjure them, again and again, to assist in the discovery and punishment of these marauders. Otherwise the sus pension of public works will not merely be confined to Tulla, but will extend throughout the whole of Ireland. When Parliament was not sitting, public attention used to be mainly drawn to various festive entertain ments, chiefly got up for the sole purpose of infusing fresh energy among the adherents of one or other of the two great political parties into which the State has ordinarily divided itself. On these occasions all the animosity of party warfare was unsparingly in dulged in, and the dinner was always held to have gone off remarkably well, if the bottle-primed speakers had freely resorted to personal satire, and had charged their audience with the utmost possible quantity of political venom. But this year has happily presented us with a favourable contrast, and it is with the greatest gratification we notice that various public bodies have met in different parts of the empire for far nobler objects than the maintenance of paltry party squabbles. To effect a social and moral revolution among the middling and humbler classes, is now- a-days the chief and honour able incentive which animates the congregation of many of our most distinguished men. The cause of national education, hitherto so vainly derided in every conceivable shape, is at the present moment feli citously adjudged to be the main instrument by which the desired reformation can be accomplished. This great work, moreover, is being undertaken in the best possible manner. The people have set about doing it for themselves ; and their present voluntary efforts cannot fail to inspire the Government with every feeling of encouragement to persevere in any effort they may be now making, in accordance with Lord J. RUSSELL'S manifesto to the citizens of London, to secure to the country, upon an enlarged scale, the blessing of intellectual development. We very re cently adverted to the powerful meeting that took place in Manchester, and to the admirable orations which were there respectively delivered by Lord AIORPETEI and the Archbishop of DUBLIN. Our columns of to-day contain a full report of a most in fluential assembly that met last week in the Music Hall, Edinburgh, to celebrate the establishment of the new Philosophical Institution. Its objects are identi cal with those of the Manchester Athenaeuni—to open a valuable library, combined with courses of lectures on various subjects, to the middling orders of society. Men of the highest mental attainments were pre. sent. The Archbishop cf DUBLIN repeated, with his accustomed ability, the trenchant remarks he offered to his hearers at Manchester, contended that the dangers casually incidental to the diffusion of know ledge were insignificant compared with those of igno rance, and wisely observed, that "in a country in which so much political power was con ferred upon the mass of the people, it was both unwise and unsafe to trust that power in the hands of those who had been left in ignorance." Mr. MACAULAY, M.P., followed his Grace, with the toast of " The Literature of Britain." Celebrated as a philosopher, historian, critic, and statesman, to no one's hands could the toast be more appropriately consigned. His speech was fraught with every excellence, and should be carefully perused. In proof of the general moral that accompanies a general intellectual improvement, Mr. MACAULAY instanced the whole character of a young body of officers having been materially bene fited 'awing to the access they had to a valuable library where they were quartered. He mentioned an anecdote, which merits attention : " I was told it by a most accomplished man and an eminent soldier, and a distinguished diplomatist, who has enjoyed the confidence of the first generals and statesmen which Europe bas produced in our own time. When I asked him to what he owed these accomplished arts, he said to me—' When I served when a young man in India, when it was a mere turnit , point in my life, when it was a mere chance whether I should become a mere card player, a mere smoke-monger, or a mere toddy drinker, I was quartered for two years in the neighbourhood of an excellent library, which was made accessible to me." The 21fonileur contains a notice issued by the Mi nister of Marine, announcing that tenders would be received in his offices for the supply of six wooden houses, necessary for the establishment of Mayotte, on the coast of Madagascar, to be delivered within 120 days, either at Havre, Cherbourg, Nantes, Bor deaux, or Marseilles. This notice would seem to vouch for the accuracy of the following report, which appears in the Courrier Francais : " We have noticed a report at Bourbon of an intended expedition against Tamatave. According to our last letters from this colony the ships of war that are to tak, part in it are the Belle Poule frigate, the Berceau sloop, the Voltioreur brig, and the Archin ele steamer, with two hired transports. The military force will Iv., it is said, 1,500 men, and half a battery of artillery. The project is to take possession of Tamatave, fortify it, and establish a regular intercourse with the people on the coasts. The attack was to be made very promptly, before the setting in of the winter, which is always full of danger on these shores." We hope the attention of the British Go vernment will be directed to this expedition, and that France, which has for some time been endea vouring to get a footing in 11-.4 Tnrl will not be permitted to play the Algeria game over again in Madagascar. This same town of Tamatave, if it be longs to any European "power, belongs to the British. It was captured from France during the last war, by a British squadron cruising off the Mauritius, of which island it was, by the British Government, con sidered a dependency. At the peace, when the Island of Bourbon was restored to France, Mauritius and Tamatave remained British, and England subse• quently permitted her ally RADAMA, the King of Madagascar, to occupy it. If, therefore, Tamatave ceases to be a Malagash town,. it ought to become a British one; at all events, it is the duty of our Go vernment to prevent it becoming French. The French Government is, it is said, in treaty with a company for the establishment of a line of trans-Atlantic steam-packets. The Journal du Havre states that the captain of the Armide, which has just arrived from St. Helena, effected whilst at that island the conditional purchase of Longwood for the sum of 40,000 f. A year is allowed for him to obtain the decision of his Govern. ment on this subject. In the event of the Govern• ment refusing to make the purchase, the Journal do Havre recommends a public subscription for that The great desideratum, however, is the simplifying the titles, and rendering their investigation cheaper and more expeditious, and at the same time more satisfactory and certain. We think that this also may be effected ; but our spice forbids our offering any further suggestions for the present. '1 he Augsburgh Gazelle publishes a letter from Berlin which says, "The British Ambassador at St. Petersburgh, Lord BLOOMFIELD, has passed through this city on his way to London. At this particular moment political importance - is attached to his return." purpose. It is said that M. ROCHET UMERICOURT iS about to procei , d on a second mission to the Court of Shoa. Lord BROUGHAM has arrived in Paris. Algiers journals to the 30th have arrived. The following letter from Bugia appears in the Akbar of the 29th : The dangerous illness of the Earl of IVEsTmouE LAND, the British Ambassador in Prussia, is an nounced in the Berlin journals. elixcaebpytlieosninofgethneerAarlehzazdias,abwahno " For some time past th e e nvirons of Bugia had b een c dp i ) u ent l e d tdy t n thr o ea t npq m lau a iini k ,, e ‘‘a u .ni p tdh t tt h hh e ee ir minds to leave the only place where they could find arable and pasture land. The hostilities committed on this point were therefore always their act. In the miidle of the month they attacked several officers of the garrison, who were on a shooting excursion, and w ho were obliged, after a vigorous defence, to fall back. It was not long, however, before vengeance was had for this aggression. A few hours after the return of the officers the native tirailleurs carried off a flock belonging to the Kabyles. On the 17th a more important razzia was made by order of the commandant of Bugia. The enemy lost 200 head of cattle, and had several men killed. On the following day the Kabyles, in small numbers, came and fired a few shots at the Government flock, but they were soon driven back, and pursued beyond the marabout of Sidi Bou Ameur. Our neighbours, the Mezzias, in their turn, meditated vengeance for these successive checks. On the 19th an ambuscade of tha Kabyles endeavoured to take the Government flock by surprise, but it was itself surprised by some native tirailleurs, under Lieu. tenant Giaccobbi. This officer, notwithstanding the number of the enemy (estimated at 700), did not hesitate to attack them at the head of only forty five men. He took up a good position in ambuscade, and each discharge killed its man, but the great number of the enemy, the exhaustion of our ammunition, and the absence of all succour, rendered the affair pe- Mous. The Mezzias called out to the natives of the de tachment to abandon their chief and join their co-reli gionists, but fortunately this appeal was not responded to. After an hour and a half's fighting the garrison was perceived on its way to succour the detachment. The 1 :t d i s the d e rab centre l e of booty. alltheir On the intrigues return co mmandant did not content hi mse lf with releasing the, dotachment, but p ursue d the enemy t o the mountains, killing a gr ea t many, burning the villages , an d ma ki ng e Bou Ameur, whi c h was the rendezvous o f our enemies, a tered down w i t h cannon. Our loss in the affair of the 19th was small. W e had only one man killed, and a few rig the marabout of Sidi wounded. O n th e following da:essomageaimnsotunutsedwmasenbaot-r the enemy came into the plain. One of them was struck by a shell and blown to pi ec es; it is said that he was one of the a ssass i ns of the Commandant Salomon de M ussis." Madrid papers to the 31st ult. have arrived. The Gaccta contains a decree extending the benefits of the amnesty to military men under proscription, or who have been condemned, with the exec pt ion of those who may have committed offences subjecting them to punishment since the date of the previous decree. The benefit of the amnesty is also extended to deserters. The Madrid journals contain no intelligence from Portugal later than the 24th. The decree for the dissolution of the Cortes had not appeared. MADRID BOLSA, Ocr. 31,—Three per Cents., which had risen at the commencement of business to 347 for cash, and 35 for paper, subsequently fell to 34, in consequence of a variety of sinister reports respecting Portugal, the necessity of a Spanish intervention, the appearance of Cabrera in Catalonia, the resignation of Senor Mon and General Sanz, &c. They, however, ultimately closed at 3.4 3 4 for cash, and 34% for paper; the Five per Cents. at 21% ; the Debt without Interest at 6% ; and the Coupons at 20. Mr. MACAULAY dilated in the most pungent man•• ner, and with infinite wit and humour, upon the ridiculous dread of superficial education, and triumph , antly called upon those who harboured this apprehension to declare their standard of profundity, to fix the line, if they could, where superficiality ends and profound ness begins. It is clear that no man can do it. History vouches the fact put forward by the Member for Edinburgh, that " the intellectual giants of one age become the intellectual pigmies of the next." We shall have done a great deal in the way of future good when we have eradicated in part, if not alto gether, the narrow-minded prejudices which infect many estimable intellects upon the topic of national education. The peroration of Mr. MAcAuLAy's address was a piece of finished eloquence. The tri bute he paid to our literature was splendid indeed, but not one whit less true than splendid. No English man can read it without fueling justly proud that he owns a country whose transcendent literature has elicited so Magnificent an eulcgium. We have received the Paris papers of Thursday. The Marquis of NORMANDY had on Wednesday delivered to M. GUIZOT the reply of Lord PALMERS TON to the last note of the French Minister on the subject of the Montpensier marriage. In this note it is said that Lord PALMERSTON insists on a renuncia tion on the part of the INFANTA and the Duke of all right of succession to the throne of Spain. The Duke and Duchess of MONTPENSIER arrived a St. Rous en route for Paris on Wednesday. "After leaving Bourdeaux," says the Debats, " the fetes neces sarily ceased, on account of the recent disasters." Many of the Opposition papers are exceedingly sar castic on the paltry sums subscribed by Louis PHI LIPPE and his family towards the relief of the suf ferers by the inundation. The royal generosity was, according to the Court papers, to be displayed in a " magnificent manner." This " magnificent display of royal generosity" turns out to be a subscription of 5,000/. for all the members of the royal family. The Courrier Francais hints that his MAJESTY is in fact a gainer by the transaction, inasmuch as the fetes in honour of the Montpensier marriage, which have been countermanded on account a the inundations, would have cost much snore than 5,000/. The same journal also draws a contrast between the paltry 5,000/. of the richest Sovereign in the world and the enormous sums contributed towards the relief of the poor who suffered from scarcity in 1817 by Louis XV 111. and his family. The price of corn continues to rise throughout France. The Journal des Pyrenees Orientales states that 21 Carlist refugees, who had escaped from their places of residence in the interior of the country, were arrested on the 28th ult. at Saillagouse by the gen darmerie. This body of men consisted of a colonel, three commandants, 13 captains, and other officers, ant four private soldiers. The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Thurs day at 821. 65c. ; the Five per Cents., 1171. 75c. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,2221. 50c. ' • Rouen, 8951. ; Havre, 6801. ; Great North ern , 65 61. 25c. ; A v i g non, 871 f. 25c.; Vierzon, 577 f 50c.; Bordea ux , 5321. 50c. ; Boulogne, 450 f. ; Troyes and Montereau, 350 f.; Basle, 216 f. 25c.; Fornpoux, 405 E ; Dieppe, 353 f. 75c.; Paris and Strasburg, 477 f. 50c.; Tours and Nantes, 487 f. 50c.; Paris and Lyons, 492 f. 50c. ; Lyons and Avignon, 490 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 475 f.; Spanish Domestic Debt, 32%. " The law abhors a perpetuity." This is a prin ciple familiar to every student, to the veriest tyro who has commenced his course of dinners, by which, according to the present system, legal knowledge is supposed to be acquired. The doctrine was laid down, and perseveringly acted on, by a number of learned men who graced the judicial bench, from a full conviction of the great injury that would be sus tained by the nation if the property in land could be so tied up as t o prevent its future transfer. In the earlier ages, and in the infancy of our system ofj uris prudence, a constant struggle was carried on between parties who desired to bind and entail real property in the strictest manner and those opposed thereto.. " Wheat (says La Reforme) has again risen this day, in the Paris market, from If. to if. 50e. It has reached the price of 48f. the setier (old measure), or 32f. the tectolitre. Every other grain has also advanced; BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE ',ONBON STOCK EXCHANGE, NOVEMBER 6. Boulogne and Amiens, I4%—Demerara, 23 , , —Dutch Rhenish, 5; —East Indian, 34—Great Western Bengal, % —Luxembourg, lIA —Namur and Liege, 34—Orleans and Bordeaux, 7%—Paris and Lyons Constituted, —RDI/Cll and Havre, 27. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 9, 1846 . MEXICO AND THE Ti lED STATES. SIX DAYS LATER NEWS. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY NIGHT. We have had two arrivals from the United States in the course of to-day. The packet ship Cambridge, from New York, with dates of the 16th ultimo; and irome diatdy after her the Joshua Bates, from Boston, bring ing papers from that city to the 23d, and New York to the 22d ultimo. The Joshua Bates sailed for Liverpool on the 22d of October, and has, therefore, made the voyage in little more than fifteen days. These arrivals have put us in pissession of papers and other adviee3 from the United States six days later than those pre viously received by the Hibernia. The British and North American Royal Mail steam ship Caledonia, after a somewhat protracted voyage, ar rived at Boston on the night of the 20th ult., about eleven o'clock. She sailed hence from this pert in the forenoon of the 4th, and took out the particulars of the sad disaster which befel the Great Britain. Prior to her arrival there was much uneasiness and anxiety mani fested for the arrival of Captain Hosken and his aquatic monster ; and when the intelligence of her mis hap became known at Boston, much regret was ex • pressed at the accident, as well as sympathy for her commander. In the papers which we have received, we do not find any news which can fairly be characterised as im portant. Some particulars are given respecting the movements of the United States army in Mexico, as well as conjectures respecting the ultimate intention of their enemies. The West India Mail, which arrived at Southampton on the 4th, brought us accounts of the app intrnent of Santa Anna to the office of General Com mander-in-Chief. The advices ri3w received confirm that report, and furnish us with his acceptance of the command. When at Ayatla, on his way to the capital, he addressed to the newly ap pointed Minister of War, General Alm onto, a very remarkable, bold, and energetic letter. It is a manly and patriotic communication, and gives the United States army to know that in his person they have a determined enemy, who longs for the time when he can meet the forces of that country in the battle-field, so that he may unsheath his sword, and take vengeance for the aggressions made upon the Mexican soil by the troops of Brother Jonathan. Santa Anna tells A ltnonte, and through him the people of Mexico, that they are now engaged in a terrible contest with a perfidious and daring enemy, in which the Mexican Republic must reconquer the insignia of her glory, or disappear from the face of the earth. Santa Anna reached the capital on the 15th of Sep tember. His reception was of the most encouraging and flattering description. The people were joyous beyond measure, and seemed to recognise in him their saviour and deliverer. The day after his arrival, the Provisional Government, following out the sentiments of Santa Anna, ordered a levy of 30.000 men to recruit the army. Requisitions were forthwith transmitted to all the prin cipal places in the Republic fur an immediate furnish ing of their respective quotas of men. Puebla, and the whole of the towns within a circuit of 50 or 60 1 agues of the metropolis. are stated to have complied with the requisition with much cheerfulness and alacrity. On the arrival of the news at Puebla, a regiment was imme diately raised with a view to assist, and in the equip ment of this large body of soldiers the Mexican Go vernment have remitted all duties upon munitions of war. A commission had been appoirred on the 4th of September, to adopt ways and means for encouraging and rewarding deserters from the enemy's camp, who should happen to place themselves under Mexican pro tection. The accounts from Santa Fe state that General Kear ney had been organising his military force and making a provisional Government. Intelligence was also said to have reached New York, that he had left Santa Fe on the 3d of September, having with him 3,0.: 0 men and 20 days' provisions. His destination was Rio Ambago. He was expected to return in a fortnight, after which he was to start for California. From the seat of war late accounts have been re ceived. The health of the troops had been very indif ferent, and those that were at Matamoras were dying at the rate of five per day. The late battle at Mon terey is said to have cost the Americans 700 killed and wounded ; the Mexicans, 1,100. Major Graham had left Washington, charged with instructions to General Taylor, whom the United States Government have or dered to prosecute the war with energy and perseve rance. The terms of his negotiation with Ampudia, are said to have been very unsatisfactory to the authorities of Washington. General Taylor was to le we Monterey for Saltillo on the Ist of November, and an additional force of 4,000 men were to be put under his command, so that he would depart from the scene of his last con quest at the head of 9.000 troops. Santa Anna was supposed to be on his way to meet General Taylor, and that the two armies would come within musket reach of each other, at San Luis Potosi, where another engage ment was likely to take place. GENERAL SANTA ANNA, COMMANDER-IN CHIEF OF' rHE LIBERATING ARMY, TO GENERAL ALMON'FE, MINISTER 01? WAR OF THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO. AItoTTA, ONE O'CLOCK A.M., SEPT. 14, 18-16. have received your favour of this date, ac knowledging a decree issued by the Supreme Govern ment of the nation, embrEeing a programme of the proceedings adopted to regulate a due celebration of the re-establishment of the constitution of 1824, the assomp ion by myself of the supreme executive power, and the ;inniversary of the glorious cry of Dolores. My satis ,'ltetion is extreme to observe the enthusiasm with which preparations are made to celebrate the two greatest bles sings that have fallen upon this nation—her independ ence and liberty—and lam penetrated with the deepest gratitude to find that my arrival at the capital will be made to contribute to the solemnities of so great an oc :•asion. " In furtherance of this object, I shall make my en 'ranee into that city to-morrow at mid-clay, and desire, in contributing my share to the national jubilee, to ob serve such a course as may beet accord with my duties to my country—beloved of my heart—and with the re spect due to the will of the sovereign people. " I have been called by the voice of my fellow-citizens to exercise the office of Commander-in Chief of the army :if the Republic. I was far from my native land when intelligence of this renewed confidence, and of these new obligations imposed upon me by my country , vas brought me, and I saw that the imminent dan ers which surrounded her on all sides, formed the chief motive for calling inc to the head of the army. I now see a terrible contest with a perfidious and ihring enemy, impending on her, in which the Mexi can Republic must reconquer the insignia of her glory, ;en' a fortunate issue, it victorious, or disappear from he Lee of the earth, if so unfortunate as to be de reated. I see also a treacherous faction raising its head from her bosom, which in calling up a form of govern ment detested by the united nation, provokes a prefer able submission to a foreign dominion; and I beheld at last, that after much vacillation, that nation is re solved to establish her right to act for herself, and to arrange such a form of government as best suits her wishes. All this I have observed, and turned a lis tening ear to the cry of my desolated country, satis fied that she really needed my weak services at so important a period. Hence I have come without hesitation or delay to place myself in subjection to her will, and, desirous to be perfectly underst , fed, upon reaching my native soil, I gave a full and public expression of my sentiments and principles. The recep tion which they met with convinced nae that I had not deceived mys,-If, and I am now the more confirmed in them, not from having given tl.em more consideration, but because they have formed a general echo in the hearts of my fellow-citizens. I come here to carry my views into operation, and in compliance with the man late of my country. She calls me as commander-in chief of the army, and in that capacity I stand ready to serve. " The enemy occupies our harbours, he is despoiling us of the richest of our territories, and threatens us with his domination. I go then to the head of the Mexican army, an army the offspring (eijo) of a free people, and joined with it, I will fulfil my utmost duty in opposing the enemies of my country. I will die fighting, or lead the valiant Mexicans to the enjoyment of a triumph to which they are alike entitled by justice, by their war like character, and by the dignity and enthusiasm.which ingratitude for by my fellow citfzens ; or unl ess I would behold her they have preserved , of a free nation. The war is a necess ity of immediate importance , every delay is an age of infamy; I cannot recede from the p osition which the nation has assigned me ; I m ust g o forward unless I upon with which myself thel h censure been due overwhelmedto favoursf w o o r u t l h d e draw hum bled and suffering under a perpetuation of her misfor tunes. Your Excellency will at once perceive how great an error I should commit in assuming the supreme ma gistracy, when my duty c alls me to the field to fi ght ag ainst the enemies of the Repu blic. I shoul d disgrace myself if, when called to the post of danger, I should spring to that of power ! Neither my loyalty nor my honour requires the abandonment of interests so dear to me. " The single motive of my heart is to offer my com patriots the sacrifice of that blood which runs in my veins. I wish them to know that I consecrate myself entirely to their service as a soldier ought to do, and am only desirous further to be permitted to point out the course , im n s t pb s ( el s ; res leaving fh ear s the elcfoa nation ns gsrheess sees herto by which Mexico may attain the rank to which her destinies call her. In marching against the enemy and declining to accept of power, I give a proof of the e,s re tltifhewseifsoahrs nationt am o a ya single dbwoepis will place fiti ,, h 7tr. e m n si T u n t i h i c h s e ee t r r c i e t eo s y lr s ei , se o t a ti f i t tou m l ot i si b y o e n r f s t o e y v‘r n , t h t i o mi m e d h : c c e:h e ltdref e .sn d wa i n reli; g figi . ouelfa il rshd ' si h iseho a rau t al llr(ii C (n)bud o epi ll eleedp g rteim r ghn e ia s edtg s reenmld t ei % b • ye i i l twill soon the e ° n u () fi w i e t, i con venensapa trl til e ietceeh p de ; s r r : ds a ) moment to take the reins of government, the sincerity be: the general good, as well as my of my promises would be rendered questionable, and d a soldier. I cannot abandon no confidence could be placed in them. I am re solved ,:::2t they shall not be falsified, for in their redemption I b and I have no desird honour as a Mexican b 2 and flatter myself that the this position. The existing Government has pursued a course a ith which the nation" has shown itself content, continue to impose upon me, and ". to subvert it by taking its place I feel abundant pleasure in remaining where I am, choice. Ishall ' joyfully nation will applaud my accept s . t. -h tasks as she shall promoting the objects of civilisation while a. -e every I will bra._ danger iu supporti' its benefits, even at the cost of la, ex!stence. Will your Excellency tender to the Supreme have the goodness to I Government my will bra. ill 3 for their kindness ? I will personally repeat them to morrow, for which purpose I propose to call at the palace. I shall there embi ace my friends ; and hastily pressing them to my heart, bid them a tender farewel!, and set out for the scene of war, to lend my aid to serve my country or to perish among its ruins. I byg to re peat to your Excellency assurances of my continued and special esteem. " ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA." COMMERCIAL, The accounts received respecting commercial matters inform us that immediately after the Caledonian reached Boston Flour advanced 50 to 75 cents. per barrel. Genessee, which had previously been selling at 50 brought from 6k to 6$ on the 21st ult. At the Boston market a cargo of yellow Corn was taken at 79 cents. to 80 cents. The supply of Oats being aoundant, this article remained without any rise in the price. DUTCH MAIL THE HAGUE, Nov. 4 —His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange returned from Stutgard the day be fore yesterday. In the sitting of the States-General to-day the pro ject of law for regulating the dispsal of the supplies of the colonial revenue was passed, after a long debate, by a majority of 27 to 13. TIIE HAGUE, Nov. 6.—The Minister of the Colonies hereby give notice that the Governor-General of India, by authority of his Majesty the King, has directed the tariff of import duties on ready-trade clothes, of woollen, or cotton, in Java, Madeira, and the west coast of Sumatra, to be modified as follows : " The duty on these articles is augmented by 30 per cent. on the value. The duty is now 20 florins. " When imported in ships of the Netherlands, *ith certificates of origin in the Netherlands, and likewise of their being manufactured in tl►at kingdom, the duty is ten florins when imported in Netherland ships ; but without certificates of origin, as respects the raw material, the duty is twelve florins. " And that the said Governor General is authorised to declare this modification applicable to all such articles of clothing exported from this country since the 15th of October this year.—J. C. BAND.—The Hague, Novem ber, 1846." In the debate on the application of the surplus of the colonial revenue, several members spoke on the subject of the isle of Borneo. His Excellency the Colonial Minister said, that he had listened with satisfaction to the energetic language occasioned by the feitr of seeing a dispute of our territorial possession in the Indian Archipelago. The Minister said that the exchange of diplomatic notes between the Cabinets of the Hague and of Lon don was not yet terminated, and that it would be con trary to Parliamentary usage to speak explicitly on that subject. His Excellency added that he must avoid giving an erroneous interpretation to the treaty of 1824 Every negotiation between two states of unequal force offers particular difficulties, which are increased when the weakest endeavours to enforce inadmissible pretension. The treaty of 1824 owes its origin to the difficulties which formerly arost, between the agents of the two nations. The simul taneous possession in Sumatra had caused collisions which might have had serious consequences. The only means to prevent them was to put au end to all posses sion in common. England, therefore, gave up Sumatra and all the places which are held on the continent of India and the peninsular of Malacca ; there is, there fore, no doubt respecting the meaning of the trt aty. Now the Netherlands, having been in possession for many years of two thirds of the island of Borneo, the Govern ment of the Netherlands thinks it would be contrary to the spirit of the treaty if the English form a settlement in the north- west part of Borneo. Great Britain pre tends that it is free to settle at all points from which it is not expressly excluded, or where the Netherlands do not exercise any positive and recognised rights. The English Government had, however, added that it was by no means the intention at this moment to make use of the rights which it thinks it possesses of forming a settlement on the north coast of Borneo. As for taking possession of the island of Labuan, the Government of the Netherlands have never opposed it, that island not being as ithin the limits of what we consider our terri tory. We have never set foot in that island, or had any political or commercial connexion with it. The Minister said that they had not lost the hope of convincing the Ca binet of London that our interpretation of the treaty of 1824 is correct, and that ho had sufficient confidence in British good faith to hope that the English Government would abide by its resolution not to take possession of any part of the isle of Borneo.—Ditch Papers, Nov. 7, 1846. MONMOUTH MUNICIPAL; ELECTION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sid,—ln your paper of this morning appears a state ment of our municipal election, the remarks appended to which are calculated to produce a false impression of the real facts of the case. It is not true that the Duke of Beaufort's influence, or that of any political party what ever, had one jot to do in the matter. The committee, which conducted the proceedings on the part of those gentlemen who are elected, was composed of men of all parties, as was the public meeting at which the can didates were first proposed. One of those gentlemen (Mr. Barton) is a Conservative, and two of the defeated candidates (Messrs. James Davis and James Pugh) are Reformers. The opposition to the successful candidates was promoted by two very troublesome and uninfluential persons, of whom, to evince again the absence of political motives, one is a Reformer. and the other a Tory. In the last two elections it has been the most anxious wish of both parties to discourage political bias, and it was upon this principle that they were distinctly conducted. I am, Sir, yours very obediently, W. A. COSSENS. Monmouth, Nov. 6, 1846. WHY IS THERE SO MUCH DIS EASE AMONG US? Because, in numbers of thing, we do just what by our nature we were never intended to do. Ft,r exa,tnrde:- 174, Man is intended to draw in fresh air every time he breathes. Almost all people, when in their houses, and the working people in their shops, breathe the same air over and over again. To show the necessity of allowing fresh air continually to enter living rooms, and the bad air to escape, it may be stated thet eve ry person, during each minute of his life, dearoys a quantity of air twice as large as himself. 2nd, Man ought to breathe pure air every breath. Our sewers and drains are so had, that the vapours and foul gases rise, and we breathe them. 3rd, Man was intended to take exercise in the open air every day. Neither his heart, his stomach and beau Is, his liver, his skin, his lungs, his kidneys, nor his brain, will act rightly with cot walking exercise every day. Must of us do not get any walk, or only a very short one, which is scarcely of aay u=e. 4th, Man is formed to take simple plain, wholes,tme food. lie eats all sorts of things. which not only do him no g , tod, but do him harm, at,d he drinks large quanti ties of beer, spirits, and wine. which hurt his stomach, and take away the proper use of his brain. 5,h, Man ought to wash himself ad over VI ith water every day, so as to cleanse the pores of an; skin, else they get stopped up; he cannot perspire rightly , sod his and use skin cannot breathe. The majority of' the pe o pl e on l y wash their hands and faces every (lay. 6th, Man should wear clean clothes next to his skin, because the body gives off bad flukls. At present in.tny people wear the same t hin g s day alter da y for w eeks to gether. • 7th, Man was intend ed to live in the li g h t. Many, very 8 ai n : a must use less nti.a haveg s . ___ n 2? p b o n rf M W n t l d are clad wear with ia the etropolitan orking Classes' :l n i y at , have inth scarcelyithis climate warm e rooms. clothi ng . Association. WAKEFIELD CORN MAR KET, FRIDAY.—Th e supp l y of wheat is short , that o f bar!ey and other articles liberal. There is a fiir inquiry for wheat, and a reduc tion of Is. to 2s. per quarter induces cnill , rs to purchu,e to a fair extent. For barley there is no demand, thooo l offered at 3s. to 4s. per quarter below last wvck's pikes. Oats are in request at late rates. Beans are dull, at a slight decline. P RI CE OF Wursicr.—The Cork distiPers advanced the price of whisky un Saturday last. This is the third advance within a few weeks. Whisky is now 7s. 4d. gallon, 25 overproof, voith no stocks on hand.—Cork Southern Reporter. E; STERN COUNTIES RAlL WAY. — Considerable im provements and alterations have beau carried out during the last few weeks, while others are in the e‘,...-se of completion. At Lea-bridge and Tottenham stations a width of land has been excavated for the purp,se of laying down additional rails. On these stations a reserve carriage will be placed, in the event of a number of passengers arriving beyond what can be accommodated by an ordinary train, as occurred on some occasions this year. At Stratford, the new station which is to serve both for the Essex and Cambridge trains is nearly finished. A very convenient building has been erected, with a platform for each line, of above two hundred feet in length. At the Tottenham station the pens for the sheep and cattle are completed, these being at the west side upon a raised ground. There are about forty of them, each of which is capable of containing from twenty to thirty sheep, which, when brought up to this station, and when not in the pens, feed in the marshes and fields in the neighbourhood. These pens are lighted with gas. Recently boards have been put up at a short distance from each station, with the word " whistle" on them, in addition to other boards which have for some time past been fixed.on the up-line, directing the sp: ed of the trains. TIIE MOST EXTRAORDINARY PASSAGES ON RE CORD.—The new Clyde ship Deogaum, built by Messrs. William Simon and Co., sailed from Greenock 22d Sept., 1845 ; arrived out in Calcutta in ninety days ; sailed again 28th January, and arrived tit Greeno:; 19th May ; left there again 13th June ; and was out at Calcutta on the 12th September: thus making the three passages, in cluding time in port, in 355 cat's. RAILWAY ACCIDENT. —An accident happened at the Briniscembe station of the Great Western Railway, on Thursday night last, owing to the carelessness of some of the company's servants, which hakcaused a great destruction or property, and might have been attended with loss of life. The policeman on duty having turned the switches to enable an engine and tender to pass into the shed, neglected to replace them, and about eleven o'clock at night a train of ballast wagons, which it was arranged should not have reached the station untill four o'clock on the following morning, came down the line, and run into the shed. OF course a violent col- - - lision was the consequence—the tender and engine being completely doubled up and driven through the wall at the end of the building, which is two feet thick. At the time of the collision, a man was under the engine cleanin, it, but he escaped almost miraculously without Any dangerous injuriet. The driver of the ballast train -mined, but the police:nail is in custody on the ' of duty. has charge of negip.... COURT CIRCULAR. W I NDSOR, SUNDAY.—Yesterd a y moroing the Quee rl Lady i n and Prince Albert, attended b y Lady Portman, Waiting, Colonel Bowles , Mr. G. E. Anson, MePe,: General Wemyss, and the H on. Captain o rdon, 1 " G the Castle at nine o'clock for Buckingham Palace Ore: yelling from the Slough statio n b y the Grea ler.: Railway), and returned to t he Castle at two West the afternoon. morning Tf: e lt Royal a the l F E a , His Serene Highness Princ e LawensteinExcel" m a il s y ter t n. oo t k er th ra e c i e. his rusua l exercise yestercloy Shutt : lency the Chevalier Bunsen , a nd Mr. J. Kay worth, arrived at the Castle y esterda y on a v isit to ° Queen. The Earl and Countess Spencer left the C as tle ye? terday. The royal dinner party at the Castle yesterdaYiii.n; eluded her Royal Highness:the Duchess of Nente_i_.% Lady in Waiting of the Duchess of Kent, the Batn",l, de Speth, his Serene Highness Prince LOWeTlSteint :I; Excellency the Chevalier Bunsen, and Mr. J. N. S bul worth. , i... r a ve The band of the Ist Life Guards was in Stt eP t e t e e during dinner, in the Castle. Her Majesty . r band afterwards attended. n . to ok thei r This morning the Queen and Princ e Albe rt a ce usual early walk. ales, Their Royal Highnesses the Pri r ce of W Fr t i s olt e lie Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Prince's -4-lice' pony exercise this forenoon. tto A t e' Her Majesty and Prince Albert, th e ladies 'fr old ode ° tlemen of the Court, and the domesticityhousBh e-- ri tended Divine service this morning l7l P 00 1 ' chapel. The Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Courtensi suo dated. her Royal Highness the Du chess of i°„ 11 0 evaS attended the service. Lady Anna M aria DaVis••• in waiting on her Royal Highness. Colo° 4 The ueen and Prince at t e nded bf - , oil Bowles, Q Mr. G. E. Anson, -GeneralMajor wetols. iv . the Hon. Captain Gordon, arrived at plainer. pad' lace at ten o'clock on Saturday morning front t ' ' bo aig dington terminus of the Great Western BeilweY travelled to town by a special train. pr i n ces- Her Majesty visited her Royal Highness the , ~ Sophia at her residence at Kensington. he . 11 1 ° ' Prince Albert, attended by Mr. Anson, Ga dith or Captain*Gordon, went to attend a meeting Id ' -e , of the Duchy of Cornwall, in Somerset 110 11 s e 'i de t, i u '' At one o'clock her Majesty and frillee A.' i : i r og bal o tended by the Equerries in Waiting, left turi l3 ` .l i ii- g by Palace for the Paddington terminus, r L ,d special train to Windsor Castle. Besse, vi Ted - Her Royal Highness the Duchess of • C his Serene Highness Prince Frederick of ges se 'eor .01 1 her Royal Highness the Duchess of Glonces . Saturday at Gloucester House. GrOo d The Duchess of Cambridg , th Il eredi s t t a r r e l li r m ifel Duke and Grand Duchess of Ile•leekle burg Prince Frederick of Hesse, honoured en the, 1-1° , )13311 t Theatre with their presence on S a t u rday-e! a D r i t n e 7 . ol o ; t i A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday the Foreign-office. The Ministers present were °I John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, the ..., 3 '!a„, t4r. erst sil ; Lansdowne, Sir George Grey, Viscount" rn, Ear' Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchetaler,,coe, I ris ' of Auckland, Sir John Hobhouse, Lord Cato Pro Ile s ' count Mori - nth, the Earl of Clarendon, the I li gA e• "Is il le T. B. Macaulay, and the Aar • of Clau ricatu The Council sat two hours. the Cb Lord Dudley Stuart had an interview with • cellor of the Em•hequer on Saturday. id fl , -C'' Dispatches were sent off on Saturday o rel :*; l i * j ,.: " the Colonial-of fi ce for the Governor of CeY 'GI- i ' -"-‘", '''' Patches were also sent off for the Governor ° T , 111 , , and the Lord High Commissioner of the lonis rl a frs s itt a i .(lll ; 4 ' . Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence had a dirtneL,er „.a.. - . l‘ Saturday at hia residence in St. Jainis'sTs'Oede: company included' their Royal Highnesses tbe-wabl''' tary Grand I . )tihe and Grind Duchess, of ...,' ll : ec altsi ll? "' Strelitz,. the' Earl and Countess of Wilton, v i n se „;glh , f ir' , Viscountess Falkland; and , Mr. and .-Mrs.'ne -v - i'm 5 e ,.. --'' ''' At the . Chapel Royal, 'St. James's, yesterdaf',,,,' 5 Vie". readrnon was preached by the Sub-Dean. The lesst"., eii et; •,,, by the Rev. Dr. Wesle The Countess ..', P aeis i39 ,. , Lords Ebrington, Norreys and Y' W. Graham , raharniVrej :, the nobility present. ' - A t f ir •;. Lord Thomas and Lady Sophia Cecil. artifevs.:vs rance's Hotel, Belgrave-street, V est ' erday, fr en3 ' - 11 . sf WA SHROPSHIRE UNION R AIL this AND CANALS. Perceiving that the arrangements effecte d h i l t 1° company with the London and North-Vireste,ru„tse rsiti. yet perfectly understood by the public, nor U . 7 e -b ljee ' ‘l way press, we shall, perhaps, be doing a Se*.letter' parties interested if we publish the following v to° written by the respected Secretary of the cont siii iiSi cir gentleman who has permitted us to use the .e e- °3 tion : , o psllP " Shropshire Union Railway and Canal L ' °- - 9, Great George-street, Westminster:so, "London, NoY. 2 , I f ooa r of "_Sir,—l beg to acknowledge thereceiptofieutbrst Ili:, the 31st instant, and to inform you in rc1 31 7.., - 01: 0 directors have concluded the following cat is; :, - r e t 1 ;4; rasgement with the London and North -Wes'a c o: parry, viz.:—the London and North-Wesleerh-e °...;;, ( p i a ll uy guaranteed to this company half w - nr ietri a l d payable annually to their own Pi l r is v ) with a participation by our shareholders frit their new stock to. be created in ti orl o n portion of ten 20/. shares (or their equivalet4 in fp o cl° r e . shares) of this company to 100/ stock of i lle -v ° 4 and North-Western Company—if than the half dividend this company to receiv e,, , , '" to ' rip to 6 per cent., the profit • r s over 6 pc e t (pally divided. 11 allo y' "It is improbable the lines Ilifeee%cei.°o the not that 4 per cent. If" - be upon calls, but this is not yet decided. ~„e " I am, Sir, your obedient Ser7i t' '' pe.,1 4 " WILLIAM CO DA t his st' o re ' - From the foregoing it is obvious tbi d g :tinc ° o l is not by any means so eligible for inipt ° ' the stock of the London and North-Western II"' prices. , c , SPORTING INTELLIGE, II oy. g o( WORCESTER STEEPLE CHASES- - ' v n,so,l e jA The Worcestershire Handicap Steeple Chase SON° ad 1 1 20 cove. each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared, Wi tt ' i Lord \ir o S . tr ii Higgins't lin i ( stil e) %,' Four miles. Gent lermn rideis. 0 e P 's io T n i e e er Ss i . Captain It trnett's Marengo ............................ ''...." Mr. Preston's Brunette. . The following also started: ."" ° a Hon. D. Ward na Salute ... .......... .. ''' o v Mr: Tilbary's Culverthorpe ....... --- ........................... - s ci, l‘lN I l a r rr p . : t J Cl‘ a l i i . i n ' t B ' e l'-il s ' o ei :n t ~ } E aSj ir e i l : r r t r' r: i s t l ii a l o p m ... t . :11 . ....................................... ........... ...... ............................ 0 0 ; .................. •. ...... • o ii A i . t. .c . he . r . , ........................................... . .. ...:: Mr. Harrison's Little Johnny .. ..,.. Mr. Staplefoid's Gilrag ........... s o A line race with three. I otia The Free Handicap Hurdle Stakes of 10 sous ea, Clif 0 added. Heats, two miles. (9 Suhs./„ 1 , ; Mr. Oakev's Valeria, 4 yrs (Oliver) `.' 2 0 idf Mr. Hawliins' Teresa, 5 yrs .... Mr. Haynes's bg, by Young Cadland, 4 yrs .••• 3 2 a Mr. Mot son's Pimento, 5 yrs ..................... 0 3 c's A N S I r rr . ... S \l l e c e e aB i r t i ; ej l ' C sI u h. , c i .l l l :i i r (; k l.. ... ................. .. ............................................... ... ......... O g ` l(l ' ..fr Mr. Turner's Tincton, aged ..................... .... A dr c f)•' . Mr. Brown' s Hipb r i ar , age d ........................ , L .'„ L IP P NEWMARKET COURSING MEETING Cal''''' ta O eil ' The Al Dr.rltDe B 2 yt s FRIDA Y. L nd or d won trtandebsrtoa k The ''crib—Deciding Course— Lord Stradbro ke oft. e s •— m di s nL i C k , s i t u )e rrsee,—aSes sot . 1 : 00 beat Mr. B. Smyth's Spink,r, and won the cup. 'VW tell The ( hks—Deciding- i ourse— Mr. Dobede's v dief Vipan's Vesta, and w,in the stakes. dign 9" Marshall, and declared Mac the winner. ,i Str a ke o. ~d Exning Stakes—Deciding Course—Lor d — ,,p star' A - 0 ,-- ,: illiden heat Mr. Dobede's Destiny, and won t " - ivir. ` — ,ll° - The Port Stakes—Deciding Course—Lord Stra di , The Newmarket StLkes—Deciding ....-- ~ i fe.- tti er's Clementina beat Mr. Vipau's Van Troll* stakes. Cours e and The Cu Fly i.),taiii ecie:dovsDeia:ifiiii.,lrsbosa, k :.ini r sß,,r ,.. ,„).., T (tBetase.a C lick,l6l:de,e k , I,sog(tßiigts.(,sisgs7l)l%,tssial,; Stakes ne : (lii wasiT. wp l uas, N , tosr G i el ‘s , vbso N rna o n N .b - yu . (rill % ..isd A irti l ., ~1 1: , e ti,,,_ dell's digo. Mr. dra i g h o e n c ; ro A x lr te C th lo; d es og 's s C t f a ,r k n e i s or i a v n is t. SO P. e x aa's G• gao l won by Air' E. --• Heresy Swan's Shandv Gaff. gr. 5°611 . 1 The West Derby Stakes cif 8 dogs, was won by t o 01 3 * Mr. • Sovereign ; Mr. E. G. Hornby's Hempen Wid,° l , l ,l" 6 :,g1 1 GREENAWAY MEETING, Nov. 4. a , ` tr aeg.'' The Ladies' Prize (24 dogs) v:as won by M rs ' - rs• Lad il r , Cab o_ c o , _l B 'o lAlYrdig"htio'dn., tfi . Pa il ' Lady Rose. si—'Wed., The Greenway Cup (8 Subs.) was won bY,`",;(lo' Auirsil.l,l ,, o, who dm e —Wed., bitches).l t,'k'oßnlrvbaeydr-leellylwroF. naGrbont.;:°„;s.l:awaierylir 0 0 ' Old Berkshire I C h N d l s :ING 2CPPOINTMENTS's•de O s it de ap Heath-10. Fri.. D e .. 10 ' Mr. Iliklyard's harrs.—Wed , Kennels; Fr'', Sit'' , North Haish harrs. W d . D' f d Vill li g el —e., ipt or ton-10. sk ip Taunton harrs.—Thurs., Henlade. , r ,,,,r3., York and Ainsty lids.—Tues , Dringbou ses; Bridge; Sat., Oulston-101. _ . : 111 3.1 t.. I° ll ' Dulverton harrs.—Tues., Northeombe ; Fr , •t r i g oolvo• Mr. Watson's lls.—Wed.,Warkworth ,_• Fri",.. $O4 aes., Mr. Mule's barrs.—Wed.,Quarternains Groan., h la . Comb. ~,,R flea - boo - Preston Park ; Sat., Shrob Lo a :l n ge• e °n Tindale hds.—Tues., Matfen Piers; Fri. , i r fri. , gote , ; F r ). Sinnington hds. T II bi t kley hds.—Thurs., Milton Mi moor-10. Tio r P e ; Lord Southampton's lals.—Wed., Castle ~glisr li House; Hilton; Ssaatt.,.:A.slteewn_ ino, , 0 Sat'' Tfr' — ' .1 11; S.'''. i tO 1 t. ho ; Fri, Lord Parker's hds.—Tues., Stanton St. Jo li t. 4 0011; field Common. Pytehe:ey hds.—Wed., Crick; Fri., Stamford Brixworth Kennels. m o h „ er t o g o ) , r oe s, ~130' --------"'"'"-"--- of tngi'l ) ', F. 11.5, President, in the chair, Mr• PV tanical Society, held on Friday e vening l'' GraP or . THE POTATO DISEASE. —At the meetingo s o „ roams, Bedford-street, Covent-garden, J. I , coal ° og cated a paper "On the Pt tato Disease. Trish po t*.' 6o6 , Mr. M. set a small patch of ground with - 1 .., 13 ,1 vors l 4o 4, carefully dividing the ground into two equal liolemoidt te►nber. both dressed with the same manure, an c l e t he gr . " lo , 00 ashes. When the haulm appeared ab ed w ith 0 tams.. Mr. M. had one half of the ground dresitis c i the P r opO i quantity of the sulphate of magnes ia, ' ll l . The c i- Or advanced they wet e lathed up as us he 2 5th °J will '• the whole ground was rais,d " b"t ° loco diPP ' e ffe cteil . . the sulphate of magnesia, proved to u„ Wag pe r nt iti , with the disease, while the other Imo, . 1 ,,, till-0- ~ of potatoes diseased, ber a nd v if or Two potatoes, which had not, e l och 0 fec tlf sound, without one: discoloured tu , othe r" 1 *t" much exce: ding that obtained from the,„ o ry 0%00. garden. The crop treated in the or`" bo le c1" 0 1010 raied two days afterwards. There WO P' qUit e We re • , and smelling very offensively. 4 ‘• -,. ',/,-, • and many roots