The Sun. — London, England, 1823-02-03 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. PARIS, JAN. 30. {rune , THE JOITIMIL DES DEDATII.I 'The Speech by which the King opened the 'Session of the Chambers is one of those historical monuments which challenge the attention of pos terity, but which fix the meditation of contempo raries at the same time that it commands their obedience and their respect. The King has spoken :—".ft was for me," said ' the Monarch,'" to deliberate': I have deliberated maturely-; I have consulted the honour and the security of •France." What should be lhe reply of dutiful subjects—of true Frenchmen ? Who would separate his cause from that of his King Who would not concur, with all hisAneans, in .maintaining the dignity of his crown, the honour -- and the safety of France? The King has done every thing " to guarantee 'the security of his people, and to preserve Spain herself from the greatest of evils; but the infa tuation with which the representations made to Madrid have been rejected, leaves little hope of preserving peace." It was not, then, until after all means of conciliation had been exhausted that the King appealed to the terrible right of the sword. 'lt was then only that he ordered the recall of his - Minister—that he put in motion 100,000 French men, commanded by a Prince whom his, heart de - lights to call his son ; and it is still in pursuance of these principles of , moderation and humanity, which dictated pacific measures, that his Majesty has declared that he will devote his cares " to contract the circle and limit the duration" of the war ; that " he only undertakes it to conquer peace," and that in the face of his people he makes the solemn engagement of putting an end to hostilities as soon as " Ferdinand VII. shall be free to give to his people institutions which . they can hold only from him—institutjons which ..svill assure the tranquillity and dissipate the just disquietudes of France." In this language, at once energetic and pater nal, who does not recognize the soul of is descend ant of SE.. Louis and Henry IV.—the alliance of generous sentiments and of the most elevated political ideas—the courage of a King of France —the wisdom of a legislator, and even in his tem porising conduct, the fondness of a father e ho is sparing of the blood of his children, and who does not judge a war legitimate until lie judges it indispensable ? But at length this war, which we also (and we glory in so doing) wished to avoid, is almost de ,- clared. Henceforth we know only one duty, that of encouraging our warriors—of showing them all the lustre of those palms of glory which they long worshipped in a cause far from being so just—of constantly presenting to them the noble motives which ought to redouble iu them that courage natural to all. Frenchmen—of held ing out to them the prospect of the inappreciable honour of for ever consolidating the legitimate throne of a King, the relation and ally of, our King,—and of restoring to him, with his liberty, the right of giving to his people fundamental laws, adapted to their manners and customs. In fact, what man, really worthy of that name, and sincerely attached to the liberty and welfare of his fellow-creatures, does not lament over the .anarchy which distracts the Peninsula? Impressed with the idea that the tranquillity of France and Europe was to be re-established only by the restoration of the Bourbons, the King's Govern. merit was bound to adhere to the maintenance of that peace which was the consequence of the re. turn of our legitimate Princes. The Government was in some measure fastened to the ear of that peace which was due solely to them. What were they not bound to attempt to maintain a happy harmony which had victoriously arisen, as ' . by a miracle, out of 6 .!...5 years of civil discord and 'foreign war ? The Government could not 'but hope that the voice of moderation would be heard ; it flattered itself that the King of a generous people would be restored to that moral liberty, without which -there can be no liberty for Spain • since political liberty is inseparable from th e idea of laws, and laws cannot exist withouta will and sanction.— The factious 'have rendered the efforts of the friends of peace of no avail. They have dared to reply to the counsels of friendship by the • menaces of fury ; and to neutrality by 'hostile attacks. The French territory has been violated: it Is, then, the factious who have been the first to declare war. Weil ! This war, if, in the end ) , It be inevitable— ' this VW ) the disasters of Which the friends of the throne wished that Spain should be spared,— the'French, docile to the signal given by their King, now accept it with a just confidence iu the courage of our soldiers, in the genius of their illustrious chiefs; and we who have constantly proclaimed the principles of a prudent modern (ion, we Shall no longer speak tolleclared ene mies as we did to men 'with whom our alliance was not broken. While peace yet appeared ,possible, we never ceased to recommend forbear ance ; but the high wistfom which watches over the destiny of France has determined that peace, such as it now exists, would henceforth be incom. ,patible "with the repose and the honour of the country. Frenclimen,—ft will be to complete the tri umph of humanity, to assure the reign of the laws, that you will be called on t o com b at, an d that' you will have at your head and before your eyes the descendant and the plume of Henry IV. PARI9, JAN. 31.--Yostkrday morning at ten o'clodk the Duke of Benno° paid his court to the Duke of Augoulgme. The Count de la Garde was to leave Madrid on the 26th, Immediately on his reaching the frontier of France, he will notify, by an express, his being out of Spain. The Duke of San Lorenzo, late Spani s h Mi nister, is to set out for London to-morrow. Se veral other Spaniards, now in Paris, are preparing to proceed to England. The 7th Regiment of the line marched yester -day morning to join the army, ond the 30th will begin its march to-morrow. Theiomplernent of torses - is now pittking up for the 1 ,2 d Regiment .of Cuirassiers and Dm goons, which are to set ou on the 3d of February for the army. [FRAM TUE mornTrult.] List of the General Officers selected by the King, on the 29th of January, 1823, to be em. ployed in the Army of Spain : LIEUT:VNANTS-GENERAL. Prince de Hohenlahe.`. Coux-Ta—Molitor, Carla!, Tirkt, Guilleminot, Bourck, and d'Autichamp. VISCOUNTS—RousseI d'Hurbal, Tirlet, Castex, Damon, Donnadicu, Pamphile.Lacroix, Obert. BARONS—Canuel, Dade de la Brunerie, de Darnas, de Conchy. MAREtiIAUX-DE-CAMP. COUNTS—De la Roche Aytnond, Gnindler, tie Meynadier, Quinsonas, de Rastignac,.de Vittre, Armand tie la Loyere, de Saint Charnans, de Vence,. lie Fotier, de la Rochejacquelin, (le Menet, d'Arbaudjouqueik VISCOUNTS—Corsin Vallin, Toussaint, Pelleport, Jamul, Vasserot, Vionet de dasingone, Bertier de Sauvigny, de St. Mars, St. Hilaire, PiCot.de Peccaduc. BAnows--Bniny, ' _Bonnemains Gressot, Berge, Ordonneau, Wien; Huber, d'Albignac, Dukertnotit f Brincart, Faverot, Rohault de Fteury, Deschamps. The Marquis de Marguerye. MM. Sebaeffer, Gougeon. FROX L'ETOILE.I " A journal of to.. contains a letter of a very grave nature froth General O'Donncl, which ought not to remain unan. swered. The illustrious General expresses his fearti,' that it is intended to compel - King 'Ferdinand to accept the Charter, and he even says, that these intrigues proceed front the Cabinet of the Tuileries. - We regret, for the sake of the writer of the let ter, and of the paper in which it appeared, that it should have been published on the same day on which these memorable words were pronounced from the throne,--' Let Ferdinand VII. be free to give to his people institutions which they can. not hold bitt from him, and - which by securing their tranquil. lity would dissipate the just fears of France : hostilities shall ceascfrom that moment. ' " The French will pass the Bidassoa only for the purpose of re-instating the descendant of Louis XIV. on the throne of his ancestors. A Bourbon recognizes no right of intervention be tween a free King and his subjects. It is to the title of the liberator and not the lawgiver of Spain that he aspires. The time is passed when France would seek, at any risk, to extend the dominion of h er l aws an d arms . The King has said that France will undertake war ' only to conquer peace,'—peace that will not compromise ' the dignity of the crown, the honour and security of France.' " - - - [rnoss THE CONSTITUTIONNEL.] It was remarked at the opening of the Chambers, that the English Ambassador and the Hanoverian Minister were not present in the diplomatic tribune, and therefore did not offi. daily take a part in the ceremony ; it is said, however, that Sir Charles Stuart was obseived in the crowd dressed as a private person. , Neither were any of the individuals attached to the English Embassy seen in the tribune which is appropriated to the Secretaries of the Foreign Ambassadors. This brinto to our recollection another circumstance, namely —that the English Ambassador at, Madrid, accompanied by his principal secretaries, was present at the sitting of the Cortes on the 9th of this month, when the Spanish Government com municated to the Deputies, the answers which it had made to the notes on the Holy Alliance. The English Ambassador yesterday entertained a numerous and brilliant party. Among tht.guests was the Duke de San Lorenzo. The Duke de San Lorenzo will leave Paris at the end of the week. It is said, that in returning to Madrid, he will pass through London. Many Spaniards of note, who are about to quit Paris, also intend to proceed first to England, and after. wards to embark for Spain. Yesterday and the day before, the English Ambassador dis patched extraordinary couriers to all the principal commercial towns of Europe. • EXTRACT OF A PRIVATE LETTER FROM PERPIGNAN, DAZED JANUARY 22. "My previous letters informed you of the different move. ments of the bands cf the Faith, as well as of those executed by the divisions under the command of Generals Llobera and Mi lans, who were in pursuit of them. On the 14th some bands, united to the number of 3,500 men, presented themselves before Olot. The garrison, which was 350 men strong, retired into the convent of Capuchins. The firing was kept up on both sides during the 14th. On the 15th the besiegers applied lad. ders to the walls, and some had already gained the roof. The rest of the factious had dispersed themselves through the town in order to pillage, and lay the inhabitants under contribution, after having piled their arms in the jiral or hay-market. At this juncture Llobera's division, consisting of 1,200 infantry and a few cavalry, arrived on one side of the town, and 400 men of Milan's division on another; the remainder of Milan's di vision remained in ambuscade at Ridaune, on the road from poll to Olot. Part of the constitutional troops proceeded to the hay-market, and took possession of 800 muskets ; and the 400 men of Milans' division, together with Llobera's cavalry, en tered the town, and charged thelactious, who left 359 men dead on the spot, and agreat number wounded. The rest of the bands fled towards Vich. It is not known whether they avoided t he ambuscade of General Milans thro ug h acc id ent or informs on." (FROM THE JOURNAL DE PARIS.) The Spaniards of all runks go in crowds to the Spanish Ern ' bassies to procure their passports. Among the applicants we have remarked .51. Labrador, the Marquis of Casa-Irujo, the Prince of Messerano, the Count of Los Rios, brother of the late Duke of Fernan Nunez, 51. Alartinez, first Physician to the King of Spain, and M. Marqueti, an old gentleman of 80, who has lived in Paris since 1701. The Tribunal of Correctional Police was yesterday occupied with the trial of MM. Jay and Jouy, two of the authors of 'the " Biographic des Coidemporians, ' and of AI. Babeuf,,,the Editor of the work, The arti c les w hich f o rm e d th e su bj ect of the 'prosecution were "Boer Fonfrede" by M. Jay, and the " Brothers Fauchet" by AI. Jouy., AI. Bayeux, the King's Advocate, who was employed in support of the prosecutunt moved that each of the def e nda n t s should be condemned t o three month's imprisonment, and to the payment of a fine of 1,000 francs. After having heard the speech of Al. Dupin for the two au thors, and that of M. Conflans for the Editor ' and sonic ob servations of SUM. Jay and ,tout', the tribunal dismissed the charge against MM. J a y a nd Babeuf, but declared 51. Jouy guilty of having, in the article entitled the " Brothers Feu cbet,' endeavoured to excite hatred and contempt against the Government of the King, and condemned him to be imprison ed for three months, and to pay a fine of 150 francs. The tri bunal likewise directed the suppression of the article above. mentioned. The following are extracts from our foreign correspondence received by yesterday's post " The Russian Minister, Count Nesselmde has had fresh conferences at Vienna withPrince,Metternich : after which he left that capital to proceed in haste to Warsaw, in order,to pre sent a report of the result of the conferences to the Emperor Alexander. " Notwithstanding the manifest wishes of the Austrian Court, it appears that the Constitutional Sovereigns of the South of Germany not only are not anxious about sending plenipotentiaries to Vienna, but are also not inclined to listen to certain propositions which are understood to have been offi daily made to them. "Information has been received at Semlin, that the Greeks are making extraordinary p reparat i ons f or a landing of troops at Smyrna. " Letters from Constantinople direct, state that the Divan has deposed the Aga of the Janissaries.' (FROM THE JOURNAL DE FARM THE CONSPIRACY OF SAUMUR. COURT OF ASSIZE AT ORLEANS. SITTING or JAN. 27. The interesting part ofthis day's proceedings is the examina tion of witnesses to implicate Lafayette in the conspiracy. The President to the witness Baudrillet-;.You travelled to Paris with Grandmenil Baudrillet—Yes, Sir ,• I went th ere to se ll corn anti plums. President—What did Grandmenil say to you on his join.- nay ? Did he nofspeak of some persona whom he was going to see? Baudrillet—Yes, Sir without naming them to me at first. President—Did you s leep is the sante room ? Baudrillet—Yes, in the same tavern ; but in two separate rooms which communicated with one another. President—Did Granmenil conduct you to the house of Gen. Lafayette? Baudrillet—Yes, Sir ; he told me that the person to whose house he took me was so named. President—What was said at the house of the General ? Baudrillet—l did not pay much attention to the conVer94- tion, and I did not hear very well what they said. The Advocate-General to B au d r illet—You said when you were interrogated, that Gen. Lafayette received Urandinenil as an old acluaintance, that he asked what news from Delon ; that he said to him, " Goon, keep your heart up." You said also, that mention was made itt this conversation of a movement en~Saumur ? _ Baudrillet answered, that on being arrested he was menaced, his clothes stripped off, anti, that, terrified by the treatment he soffeted, he had not paid attention to what he had said. The President observed to him, that only three days after his arrest he had voluntarily recounted the facts ; that he had men tioned, and even avowed them to the Juge d'lnstruction, and before that to the Lieutenant d u Roi. Your declaration was not, therefore, the result of menaces. Wolfe! (who has played so conspicuous a part) deposed, that one of the accused, named Por, mentioned that he had spoken to General Lafayette,—that Lafayette and other distinguished persons were at the head of the conspiracy. He also stated that Fournier had told him, that General Foy, Benjamin Constant, and Lafayette, were at the head of the conspiracy. No direct assertion, however, is made by any person acquainted with Gen. Lafayette that he was engaged in the conspiracy. BnussELs, JAN. 30.—Yesterday ten mercantile expresses from Paris to Amsterdam, passed through this city between five o'clock and ten at night. We have announced a general movement in the French garrisons from Snasburgh to Dun_ kirk ; it is now carrying into effect. A part of the regiment of artillery on foot, and also part of the regiment of horse-artillery in garrison at Strasburgh, have already, left that City. A detatehment of the 3d regiment of horse artillery, the corn. pany of Pioneers, and the train of artillery in garrison at Metz, marched on the 24th, with a large qtiantity ofpowder waggons, &c. to proceed to Perpignan. : ,rie 20th regiment of li g h t i n . fantry, in garrison at Valenciennes, marched on the 28th for Paris. Other corps will successively march for the Northern frontiers. LIE Jew, 27.—The persons brought here on Wednesday evening by the Gen: d'arrnerie were eight in number; four of them were set at liberty ; the others put in irons ; they are ac. cused t it seems, of having molested the officers of the Govern ment in the exercise of their functions, and of having resisted the armed force. A lady, accompanied by a child, was placed in the prison of the Palace of Justice today; she came in a hackney coach escorted by GensArmes•—( Brussels P a p er , J am . 81.) SPAIN. traost THE COLIIIIER.FRANCAIS.I MADRID, 21.--(nr EXPRESS).—Before three months our frontier places will be in a complete state of defence ; we shall have a reserve of a hundred thorisand muskets ; we shall also have at sea 31 vessels of war to defend our coasts ; 50,000 uniforms, which have already been begun, will be in a state of readiness for the army. The force of the army, at that epoch, will amount to a 180,000 men ; 62 large bands of Guerillas will be organised, and an infinity of others, if neces sary. Sudh is the state which we can aflirm Spain will be in at the month of April next ; a state which will enable ns at the same time to resist . every kind of attack, if, as we doubt not, the command of the armies of the frontiers' is confided (our inten. tion is to attack no one) to persons atetiltilful as Gen era l Mi na . Besides the measur es a b ove mentioned, which are common to all nations, we have the sanctity of our cause, the knowledge that the war of independence has giveh 111 . 1 of the ground on which we must fight, of the positions that we must defend, of the points that we must occupy or abandon:—we have above all, on our side, honour, the heavens, and the m ounta i ns . Our enemies will min our temples, lay waste the country, depopulate the villages, but never triumph over the Spaniards. There are many points on the Peninsula that it is impossible to take, even though. which will never happen, they should b e feebly defend e d. I t i s f rom those spots that the ardour of the troops-trill be cherished, and that 'ammunition will be sent to the armies and the Guerillas. In fine, we will say to the nations that would declare war against Spain, - that however favourable may be for, them the chances of the war, the present generation assuredly will not see the end of it ; and every body knows that long wars always finish to the advantage of the people who defend their indepen dence. BA YONNE JAN. have received official accounts of the affair of .gstella, of the 12th, which was much more serious than that of the 9th. 'We shall only say, that the Pastor, with only 1,100 men, fought for tlit.:•.e days with the united bands of Juannito, Santos Isadron, and others, amounting to 3000 men, who bravely defended their positions; they were at length d r i. ven from them by a c h arge from the bayonet, losing 150 killed and a great many wounded. The Constitutional troops lost 113 men, Including nine officers. The battle would have been re newed the next day, had not Torrijos arrived at Estella. The Pastor then pursued the enemy till they were completely dis. persed. An attempt made , by. 2000 men, under Guerguit and others, upon Vittoria failed ;- the garrison made a sally, and was repulsed, but Torrijos happily arrived in time. In a l e tter which be has written to Colonel P. .Arguelles, at Vittoria, he says he took 33 prisoners, and a great quantity of baggage, &e.; and that he had not one man killed or wounded. By accounts from Saragossa, o f t h e 19 t h, we are i nformed of the movements of Bessieres, &c., which give a great idea of the intrepidity of those partisans ; after being expelled from. Calatayud, it appears that they have actually entered Arragon, with 8000 men (1200 without arms), and on the 17th took pos. session of Siguenza, the garrison of which Was forced to retreat to Gaudalajara. All the authorities had left the city, where the Government of the absolute King was proclaimed. Another band, supposed to. be commanded by Moses Anton and Mind. les, arrived front Catalonia, and occupied Ballastro ; the small garrison of which held out i n t h e fort. We do not know the further proceeding* of the faction, whose numbers arc greatly increased in Arragon. An extraordinary courier passed thro ug h y ester d ay ; h e left Madrid on the 21st. Be states the city to be in much alarm, news having been received of the entrance of Bessieres into Si guenza, and that his vanguard - of 1,500 men was at Onadalas jara on the 19th. On the 20th, 1,600 men and four pieces of cannon were sent from Madrid, to proceed by forced marches to Guadalajar. We are not acquainted with the result, but the- , report of a battle is certainly premature. Numerous courtiers continue to pass through this city. The loan for 800 millions of reels is said to be concluded with some English banker. The bands on the frontiers will find plenty of employment for the Constitutional troops in the spring if they do not speedily destroy them, for large sums of money from Paris have arrived for the Royalists in Irun, St. Jean Pied de Port, and Bayonne. Preparations too are making to clothe and equip them completely. ON PUBLIC OPINION. (Frain the Umpire of Saturday last.) The people's voice is odd— It is—and it is not—the voice of God, POPE. n society--and in books—we find few things of which there is more said, or more written, than what is call ed " public opinion," or " the voice of the people." We hear it called, by turns„ fickle and constant—irresistible, or despi cable—always right, or almost always mistaken. We hear it asserted, in the same company, that it deserves the greatest de ference, or absolute neglect. But the most extraordinary Pert of the business, that these various assertions may be all cor. rect in their way. Here, as in many other instances, the ambi guity and confitsion arise from the indiscriminate and Incau tious application of terms—from using the same words in dif ferent senses. We deem it necessary, therefore, before we proceed farther in our vocation—since we feel a thorough eon victim that we, like our coteinporaries, shall have frequent occasion to speak of public opinion, and the voice of the people, to set in a clearer light the meaning of the ,expressions; and to state under what• circumstances the fullest attention should be paid to the popular sentiments, and when it may be fairly treated—if not with contempt--at least without respect. Before we can come to a rational decision about the voice of the people, we must have formed our judgment both from the manner in which, and the subject upon which it is ex pressed. First, then; as to the manner of its expression. Here we . shall, in fact, discover two distinct sorts of. popular opinion. The one is the natural reason of man working .in the general heart of a nation—influencing the public will—and in its turn receiving from the public will, new energy and force. Public opinion of this kind is often silent in its progress—but It never pauses :—it may be slow—but it is sure in its career—it may be gradual—but it is' Irresistible in its operation. Truth is its source--justice is its guide—and, like truth and justice, it will ultimately prevail. Public opinion of this kind generally.ftrous with a few enlightened individuals, who have advanced in -their ideas before the ago in which they live : it is diffused by thern. l through the more educat e d classes of the nation ; and descends lastly to the people at large, who receive it from a conviction of its accordance with the fundamental maxims of equity, anti good sense. It is thus stamped and engmven, clearly and in. delibly, upon the universal understanding; and bec omes. public &pinion by the common consent:of sound and sober persons after 14 has surmounted prejudice, azd baffled oppo sit ion. The other sort of public opinion is not so much the voice of the people as the clamour of the mob. It is turbulent, and unruly while it lasts; but it will gat exhaust itself by its own violence, or die away, like a conflagration, from want of fuel. Its origin is either a momentary caprice— or a wild And mistaken notion of self-interest. It is engendered by mercenary scribblers, or bankrupt demagogues: it commences with the lowest and least informed orders of society—and ends where it bran. For a short time it may present a formidable appearance : but, if treated with patience, discretion, and firmness, may be generally stopped, or directed into a better channel. No two things, therefore, can be more distinct than the two species of what is called public opinion :—no two things can be more distinct, in their nature, their origin, their mode of opera. tion—their progress—and their end. The one is like a deep and quiet stream, which flows onward, and still increases as it flows, until it has reached the destined termination of its course: the other is a babbling and shallow brook, which dashes along with noise and tumult—to be lost in the next marsh, and seen no more. One hi steady fire : the other is a flame among the stubble. Again, as to the subject upon which popular opinion is ex pressed. There can be no necessity for observing, that this ies a point which must create a roost material difference. For here comes the question-..and a most important question it must be deemed—is the subject upon which the popular sentiment displays itself, such a subject as may fairly be supposed to be open to the people -_to come within the scope of tSeir compre- hension—and the sphere of their kntswiedge—a subject, in short, with which the people can be conversant ? 'We feel a very considerable difficulty in drawmg the line:— but we are inclined to say, that in all matters of feeling, the people are a sate and almost unerring judge :—in matters of abstract reasoning, wholly incampetent to decide--and in mat ters compounded of both feeling and reasoning, as political questions must generally be, likely to be hat :right and half_ wrong. By the people, we must be h ere un d erstood as news ing the lowe r orders of the community, whose intellectual de ficiency is, from evident causes, as great as the superiority of their natural str engt h. A t t h e same time , it is obvious, that as knowledge becomes more diffused, and the people more en. lightened, their opinions upon all subjects must become pro.. portionably more powerful and more respectable. Junius says of the people—" In their opinions they are; generally right, in their sentiments they are never ,nis. tafeen. 'We are disposed to agree with him. The judg ment of the people is correct as far as it goes : they see hilf—or only a quarter, and fancy they see all—they may to. tally confuse or misunderstand the real premises --but their conclusion, as deduced from their own premises, will be found the best of all possible conclusions. Taeir sincerity is unques tionable; the nation as a body will seldom or never decide like a single individual from corrupt or mercenary motives : it will be often blind—but seldom or never dishonest: The .ftelings of the people —nay, even of the mob, are good in themselves: but they are carried invariably too far. In every case which we remember, in the case of the Corn Bill—in the case of Me late Queen__in the "No Popery" case—the people have been actuated by good feelings—however deplorable may have been the excesses into which their feelings precipitated them. We repeat,- then, that' in all matters of feeling., rather than of reason, the popular opinion will be universally right, and must be uniformly regarded. On the other hand, in matters of politic! economy or ab stract calculation —upon such a question, for instance, as the currency, or the causes of agricultural distrees, instead of tak. ing the popular opinion as an infalliable criterion, we should pay no more attention to the voice of the populace, than to a blind man who should talk about colours, or a man who should distant upon mathematics without having ever read the first proposition in Euclid during the whol e course o f his life. And here, we think, our Itlinisters have been wrong. They say for themselves, and their pamphleteer has said for them in a dozen places, that they have nude no errors of importance in their late financial arrangements—except where they havecom. plied too implicitly with the wishes a the people. But such conduct is at once pusillanimous and absurd. Measures of finance are the very last matters on which the wishes of the po pulace should be consulted. So far • from an implicit compli ance being granted to their will, no compliance should be grant ed whatsoever. We would indeed nay, ccetcris paribus, gratify the inclination of the people—when the balance is even, let that inclination turn the scale—but never indulge their whim, at the expellee of their interests. We hardly know whether we have made ourselves understood. Few things are more difficult than to fix an exact meaning, while we are obliged to make use of terms which have been long used indefinitely and at random. Our doctrine is, in two word s , that public opinion will be wise , or foolish—lasling, or women tag, w e rft i l, or weak—deserving of all def erence , or descry ic g none—according to th e sense i n which the expression is emplo ied. The man who empl o y s i t, must consider carefully whether he-eneans the sob er , rat i ona l , and progeessive convic don of the most int e lli gent an d numerous portion of the com munity: or the sudden notion of that part of it, which is the most headstrong and the least enlightened. A Minister must • consider whether he has to deal with the will of a whole people, firmly and unequivocally avowed : or the effervescence of de., mocratical caprice, which in a few months or weeks will subside of itself :—witether, for instance, with the settled and deep .rooted determination of the nations upon the Continent CO abeam representative constitutions :—or the outcry of a Radical mob in - England for Rome fresh chimera of the day :—whether, again, the popular voice is expressed upon a point, on w hi c h it has a right to be hea r d ; because it is a point where the interests of the populace are immediately concerned, and where they are likely to understand their interests :--or on some Natter, which, front its intrinsic abstruseness, or complete separation from their means of information, or their habits of thought, must be left to the few men, who are qualified by nature and education, to bring to them the powers of mind, anti the stores of know ledge, which ar e i n di spensa bl y requisite for their proper and philosophical discussion. To speak generally, the voice of the people must neither be treated as every thing or as nothing. Some men may call it the " Vox Dei," others may almost consider it as the ' Vox Dia boli ;" a wise man will listen to its utterance, but he will not submit to its dictation. Mobs, in all countries and in all ages, have been uniformly the same ;—quick In their attachments-.. hasty in their resentments—hurried on by their feelings—e at ely deluded by their leaders —sullen and cowardly in defeat—inso. lent 'and overbearing in success—unwilling to obey, and .totally unqualified to command—credulous of any aspersions against the Government, and impatient of con tra di ct i on in their credulity —pas s i onate and violent in their motions, and there. fore proportionably fickle and unstable—dangerous for the mo. ment when they feel their own power, but incapable of a ct i ng in concert and w i t h systematic perseverance. Such have b een all the mobs recorded in history—the Jewish mob, the Athe nian mob, and the Roman mo b. S uc h in our own times have been the French mob and the English mob. Thepopulace, if left to their own efforts, are usually destruc tive only to themselves; but when they are headed and orga. nized by designing men—who, instead of endeavouring to ern. prove and correct them, inflame their pardons and their pre judices, und er pretence of submitting to their opinions —there is a real anti serious danger to a country. The leaders of the Athenian democracy destroyed Athens ; and the tribunes of Rome who alternately flattered and betrayed the people, has tened the perpetual dictatorship of Sylla and Caesar, and ulti mately caused the subversion of the commonwealth. From the Gracchi to Rienzi, perhaps the best and most honest of them all, the factious tribunes were the disturbers and agi tators of Rome. le o n f t t i l s ie e p sta ettf i e sh e ed a . nd m th rh a ent efivirerthohe egoretreo,fweltienpeopti,rthaleigegno: It Is evident, however, that all power is nriginally vested in the v han dse n timents of the people are universally and unequivomffy expressed, it is the duty of the government to adopt them. Rut when we here speak of the people, we mean of course the whole collective body of the nation. comprehending the vast portion of rank, re epectability, sense and education ; —we mean a body, in short, which it is neith er capa bl e of mistakin g its own interest, nor likely to neglect it; and when we speak of the expreesion of its sentiments, we understa n d, that these sentiments are ex. pressed legally, rationally, and constitutionally. When, on the other hand, only t h e l ower and uneducated classes of this body, deluded by th e i r leaders, and i gnorant of the true nature of their petition, clarhorously demand what is contrary to rea. and- dignified resistance. It must son and the COItStitUtiOTI, it is as much the ditty of the Admi. nistration to o ff er a firm consult the substantial and permanent benefit of the people-- not the impetuous and fluctuating wishes of ii part of it. - .knd this the Government may safely do; for it is a circumstance we may thank heaven, which still exists, to strew the excel: AdmMistration in England can lence of our Constitution, and its admirable mixture of liberty ways able to despise the clamours °Nit and security, that while no withstand the sentiments of the people the Government is Al. mob. THE WEAVERS OF COVENTLI ST. MONDAY among the WEAVERS Of COVE ('Pram The Birmingham Chronicle, Would I were a weaver ; I would sing all manner° First Port , f Ile' I should fear not Goliah with a weaver's bed, know also, life is a shuttle. Merry Wills 1. fri We: have seen how the memory of St. Monde,' it P am mon ag anci th e e nt a s r h tizan rine : an sof d ßirminga worshippershin. more fie refitilYer a more sensitive class. Let us follow him to Coati . / We never hear that renowned city named desire to plunge at once inta, the stream of Eatery in day or we other, w perhaps, we m in a t y hi fi s n i thenth l selves, at present we will only just remark, theist 110 vent from which the place derives its name is no though the walls are no more than a remnant of • • hold ribbon), and the gates, for the most part, ant" identified ; although the Bishop's Chair no leng is ; a porch, or, if you will, a postern ; did architecture,) is no longer th e s trong hold of ber: 4 a n eitl town-criers, mountebanks an d buuerwomen, an mends the sign of reverence, nor the cry of admirsti° ; c a t he d ns o ta ppo nce rtnn oie it o y et t s: l ; of one of its most ancient churches th t ti e g t h oa ti l e r: lts aro s i to (4 only remain, which (0 Mores !) are, in part, tr antique, (unlike th e ( fl ans o f a certa i n g en ► the , a stye for pi gs ; st ill t h ere rema i ns a prelatiop.'eas od our thing which at every step te ll s us we arc among w the Roman, and the gothic times ; As lvd ' Still' only just rem a rk thus 'much of a place Wh ich enough to satisfy, for a given time, any malerite to o , antiquity. The nam es , even now , attached to th e l al Grey Friars, Whit e Friars, Priory, Broad Gate , the o 111 Burgess, Ste. are sufficient f or a f e a s t of no ordinary Let us retu rn to S t . M on d ay an d leis wo/Isle e r il * weavera! Upon th e departure of' the Sabbath — wit h ing of the s uccee di ng morn, when Pruebue, Ea. ho car Illuminated and s o f ort h, hi s S a i nts hi p i s u shered 111 „ King's birth-d a y, b y t h e b ells of Si. Mi c h a el's vow tr.tiv" what delightful peals are echoing througli the .e4 Pr st :Gl 4 how the music floats along the surface et the 6 7; 0 011 how majestically it pours over the villages Q f ,? t oliett: Sow, the Com mons of Hearehall anti Stoke, the ' 4 40 the Charter's Leys, the Cheylets Moor, the Bills an and Poppies, the rivers Sherburne and Radfoni. Baginton and Corley, are all participating in theis t come of St. Monday ! • All nature wears a smile, tie , 4 . he re?! Five days out of the seven, at every corner 0* city ye may hear the she clack of the shuttle , t ping of the batten, and the shuffling shake of the tram s ', on the coming of St.. .Monday, the looms are se j , 4 w tot grA per sense of devotion, of which they give an.r the preservation of a demeanour the most gusice ,- " -- Silentium est de ea re! 0 00 ye may hear, perhaps, in slime irreverent corner, wo es! vertv struggles fo r , an d o b ta i ns the mastership th-0' feeling, ye may h ear t h e unaccompanied sow' al t is but there's a touch of melancholy in it; or wha. t oin savours of infidelity ; for the rest, St. 3fontlaY co tPe feet! el no triumph is it, but a luxurious truce —too. of Labour anti Ease, signed and sealed in the name T rot ro tire powers, by their plenipotentiaries, PlcasereA e stg truce by which the reign ot St. Monday is securrL i ess?!:, four and twenty hours. We have said how then L eer i the beginnin g o f hi s re i gn, but we should add, wtri.odw' St. Michael, but also those of the Holy TrinAtesch 1 / 4 . t saintless,) but more ordinarily styled, Bablalato"iet through the interest of a distinguished votaryst o sthei g ‘ ; ', corner of Me chamber of Priores ;au Lilly .1 & a- , in reputation, and a rose in good fellowship, 10";, ° „ 11 itie; the peculiar favour of the patron Saint; - and h e a ';:(l6, 4 , been never known to utter more than the wool otti Spon End,"; words which a re b etter f e l t than elocirr which only f in d their full acknowledgement i n the T broad d d th. ed thanassecvnadnybf a v amoui n o erre:l4:ga ir i l l ia:l;al s e otr w l liecio s itt ° nlik e intolz w ar icejo. t. thno r mesf i utti n i ill ii,si ' p ' . rnvg ileaolibliteri ni . ree ire enilrot h it t sinol i bbo e mo e reolaa w yf l enirri r io a lbiditu l asigi k trrss O te S :ul; f eive t rite t }ectil p t dliri h aanerwyal ite e . yo a iwi t l i s t ,i p i l tutii;eabl i ei w o r xrb:l i ttrotic b I f l itio:wh i e totiii„:4iiir7e s weaver is of necessity sedentary ; the face of not ate std? ip r ke te co e,) r of green fields, sunshine, and all that, he is al a ij s .o than ever, what a blessed thing is li'herty ! The "Itso with the most eager of your g r i d nortes ; to . aft c 2l .,, d ec- 4 Ott as the former, or so invidious as the latter ; h e ii t esn tcs blue mars, your church and king, moreover, Y° lll4 IVhv' ta he haep is pita n .lfl o er w cead b st e ise c o o if m pthi c e , oau f t o g r eh t ot h b : b,ae l y n te o ,t s ai i n p ial an ean , bolt cs aoc in fk fitharietiviaedsirt7eion4.:l;l helwlioeuldweabeenroilsroatabrroyadal s t L ho il u i g o li nd lea 3v n anti "sec eeils iii wbood r . esoeearattotvuhboeinrtEtintsi lromstihyetoro.aauilurtiwtacagorhonetandtfehixensoshdekwetslaeewwi rb all ehuratao e tv : ehoth s i eigfe l peal :t aiit ee lor . at;eni ll ensa l i e m a lnsos r iti k i i g s i e e t el u t. ;;L fu i lit: t ' ita i tto h ol lf bowl, and the nine at a tip ! g ee nt is icket •,it 14 to oes playing; at bell-ringing ; and above all, se e bill e t of the Monday, the b best ak,iynagu, maythe b th es ia t k, k a in u g r of rood fellows require ' e l:a.. lo cc.i, It is known how nearly St. Alonday is re la ted z " Plumpy Bacchus with pink sync. " We ere nt 'ea on d e we will not attempt the pedigree; we will rest n°' e on %% 0 knowledged fact. Aboat the time of noon the n ' the P:00 knowing the heart of his patron, directs his stelo. t u not P y'Graites.,--there he renews his worship. ; or' pany him in his hallucination ; we are no pol' l " : ol eet' is . all bickering, till confusion, all ratiocinatitm we g ot see a well-intentioned man fall from reasoning to e se' a the frying-pan ? &c. and for what ?to prove what ever) wi before, that things are not always in their right P )wi lae i t s alfos , ' we be not willing to attend him through hie , feJ,' lags, we will, with all hearts, accompany him in a s oot tN we rouse the night-owl in a catch ; that will drsw. ois f at out of one weaver," or not liking catches, shall VI w'e l :na g a i g ve lee yOu or r touch at each and every ! Let St. Mondst e . Sit'eda4' dent and Mr. Vice !we call on the Messrs. B II ",; , what is bet ie te w r, a i it n e a rs chorus of fifty, or he po e erw 's in the room. N o w P for a glee : Gentlemen, join chorus and keep st lert- A GLEE, BY AIESSRS. BLANKS, Be -- Of all the Saints that rule the yeer, But one is kno wn an d worshippid he re 7 ' And ff ye ask his name--behold Within OUT he art o f h earts 'his scroll'd ; • And though his humblest votaries wet St. Monday glories in our GLEE ! stior-cfsonvs. Then pour a bumper at his shrine ! Greet him in ale—if not in wine! CITOTITIS, Of all the S a i nts th a t rule the year, St. Monday only triumphs here! • No penance and no scourge we dread, We sing no masses for the dead But with hearts joyous and lips free, We for the quick—rehearse our Glee And in our kindliest hour we boast, St. Monday lovel and grants us molt. SEATI.CITORTYS. Then pour out rivers, let us sail With him in ocean cups of ale ! CTIORUS. And hark ! ye hear to us he cries Dii approkot--btst time flies. t esm et e da y ft • What shall we say, (lentlemen, after that gil l "' May St. Monday never fail to visit us nne uahe' iwth an neja d ott.lth i a ; y a un y gl:hin w ,td e ever he ready to welcome him le tit P ao . We drank " the aforesaid," and having alw,„. 1 ► 1 e mir s pro th p e ar ex ta cel l len eay t saying, of " be 12 : 1 ::: wr- fm 1 0 gether. * Tile title which, some centuries ago: ir due ieuale ventry, from the number of distinguished - e.ffi made it a place of residence or eth vi e sita w d ea o v t e u r t This requirft no note—C. Lilly, Es4* o f the " sig a A fanciful i nterpretat i on o f t h e language ets ecrae in the nei g hb our h ood of Span End, lee (-MUGU' the Black Horse. • • J7-'''' ' ~,,„:. ir-'l' . : •-;:il: . - ....'r,