The Sun. — London, England, 1837-06-29 00:00:00

FINE ARTS. THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. 111‘Cormick, London, 1837. This is a very clever production, and full of charac ter. An English soldier having (very excusably) got drunk on the Anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, is represented as in the act of running up against a poor Italian image -vender, who carries on his head a small effigy of Napoleon in plaster of Paris. By the force of the concussion the Emperor is of course hurled to the ground infinitely to the annoyance of the Italian, whose countenance teems with an expression of tribulation and Perplexity. The drunken air of the soldier, his silly, Icomplacent simper, and loose shambling gait, arc ex ceedingly well hit off. TABLEAUX FROM CRICHTON. Macrone, London, 1837. A very handsome and carefully executed work, con sisting of twelve plates, designed and etched by Frank lin, illustrative of the most remarkable scenes in Mr. Ainsworth's late popular novel of " Crichton." As outline engravings, they are worthy to vie with Howard's well-known illustrations of Shakspeaie. LITERATURE. THE NINTH BRIDGEWATER TREA TISE. Murray, London, 1837. A soundly reasoned production from the pen of Professor Babbage, whose chief object, as the writer expressly sta.ei in his preface, is to " show that the rower and knowledge of the great Creator of mind.and matter are unlimited;" to which we may reply, in the words of Hamlet, " There needs no ghost come from the grave, my lord, to tell us this IMACGILLIVRAY'S BRITISH BIRDS. VOL. Scott, London, 1837. This volume—which, by the by, is got up with re markable elegance—is full of minute and curious de tails respecting the habits, &c. of our British birds. The author has entered deeply into his subject, instead of contenting himself with merely going over the same ground and repeating the same anecdotes that other ornithologists have repeated before him. His account of the grey ptarmigan, and more :particularly of the mountain raven, is full of original matter of informa tion. The illustrations of the volume are numerous and well-executed, and the subjects of many of them have never been before depicted. THE LIFE OF JOHN THEL WALL. IBF Ills WIDOW. Macronc, London, 1837. There is no portion of political biography which ought to be more carefully studied by the present ge neration, than authentic accounts of the labours, and ; mfferings, and persecutions, endured by the fathers of ~ Reform i n t h e C ommons ' H ouse of Parliament. The spectacle of men ready to lay down their lives for their principles —prepared to nourish with their blood seed ,f which they could not hope to reap the fruits —exer cises a wholesome moral influence over every mind not wholly dead to the nobler feelings of humanity ; but :ndependently of this, the lives of the British Refor ners strikingly exhibit how impotent are the most - ,)owerfully supported abuses when resisted to the death )y a handful of patriots, having nothing in view but :he welfare of their country. The triumph of Reform winciples should teach the people never to despair of iuccess in the uprooting of abuses while there is a nan among them, who, like the subject of these pages, mly values his life as it may prove serviceable to his fellow-countrymen. Honesty in the few will sooner or ater produce conviction and resolution in the many ; i3r in politics, as in every thing else, zeal and perse -.Trance in a just cause are irresistible. John Thelwall, the son of an industrious, intelli lent, silkmercer, was born in Chandos-street, West ninster, in 1764. His father was in easy circum tances, and possessed a country house in the then , ural district of Walcot-place. He was educated in he principles of the Established Church, and during its infancy was remarkable chiefly for his obstinacy Lnd his dislike of the rod—qualities very common among children in all ages. His father intended him for an artist'; but he dying before young Thelwall was fourteen years of age, his mother plamd him behind ale counter. In this situation he cut but a sorry figure. lie was fond of the theatre, and fancied himself pos sessed of all the talents requisite to form a great actor. He had likewise a penchant for rhyming, and as he iad happily no opportunity of testing the extent of his genius in that way, he descended to his grave with :he self-gratifying conviction that nature intended him :'or a poet, but circumstances compelled him to become a politician. As the delusion pleased him, there was certainly nothing culpable in his indulgence of it. Having failed to obtain from Mr. Colman permission to electrify London by a display of his histrionic abili ties, and being reduced to the verge of absolute want ,y the imprudence of an elder brother, Thelwall was ibliged to become the apprentice of a tailor, whom for som e time he served very faithfully. However, he soon ;rew disgusted with the usage he received, and having ,btained his liberty, turned his attention to the bar. He was articled to a respectable attorney, and entered At one of the Inns of Court ; but before the period of his apprenticeship expired, he felt so convinced that lie would not succeed in the legal profession, that he pro lured the cancellin g of his indentures—much against :he will of the gentleman in whose office he was em ployed. Literature now offered the only chance for him, and to its cultivation lie devoted all his energies. He becam e a regular contributor to the " Universal Magazine," edited another monthly periodical, and by trifling sums thus painfully, but industriously procured, managed to support himself, his mother, and his brother, nQw reduced to absolute dependance upon him. [ti 178 S, he became acquainted with the celebrated John Horne Tooke, entered himself a member of se vr,ral Reform Societies, and in 1794 was tried with Tooke, Hardy, and nine others, for high treason. He had a narrow escape, for Pitt, who personally disliked him, did all that he could to have him hanged. We quote his examination before the Privy Council : Thelwall was now suddenly ordered before the Privy Council ; but, when he entered, lie found everything in confusion ; the actors, indeed, were all on the boards, but '-he machinery was not arranged, and he was therefore or bored to withdraw awhile. In about a quarter of an hour me was again ushered in, and beheld the whole (Iranians personce intrenched, chin deep, in some of his own comp iitions, printed and manuscript, all scattered about in the itmost confusion. The Chancellor, Loughborough, was sitting at the fur ther end of the room, and Mr. Dundas near the door. Mr. Pitt was standing at the far side of the table, behind the persons who were seated there. As there was more of stage effect than dialogue in this scene, we will endeavour to preserve the spirit of it, by re iating, verbatim, what was said, and also the manner, as described in Thelwali's published account of this examina tion, if so it may be called. The Attorney-General, (Sir John Scott, now Lord El don) turning towards Thelwall, asked him, in a gentle tone of voice, what was his Christian name ? " John," replied Thelwall. " How do you spell your name," continued he, in the same insinuating key, " with two L's at the end of it, or one ?" " With two," said Thelwall ; " but it does not signify." 1 " With two, did you say ?" interrupted the Attorney- General. " With two," replied Thelwall, approaching with indiffe rence, and taking care to sec his name properly written. ". There, that is correct ; but it does not signify. You need give yourself no trouble. I do not mean to answer any questions." " What does he say ?" exclaimed Pitt, darting round, 'fiercely, f rom t h e other side of the room, and taking his seat 'by the Lord Chancellor. " He does not mean to answer any questions," replied the Chancellor with silver softness, almost melting to a whi.per. " What is it ?—What is it ? What ?" said Pitt, hur riedly. " He says he does not mean to answer any questions," repeated the Chancellor. The Prime Minister paused for a few seconds, and then continued abruptly— " He had better consider of it. He had better take time and consider of it. Give him time." " Mr. Thelwall," said the Chancellor, " you had better consider." " My Lord, I have considered," returned he. " I have considered, and I shall answer no questions. You need not give yourselves any trouble. I will not answer." " Mr. Thelwall," slid the Attorney-General, with great assumed urbanity. " It is no trouble ; it is our duty to ask you questions. You live in Beaufort-buildings, I think." Thelwall fixed his eye firmly, alternately upon the Chan cellor, and upon Mr. Pitt ; but remained imperturbably silent. " He will not answer," said the Chancellor, in a half whisper. Pitt, who either from the extreme of haughty arrogance, or from an awakened consciousness of the injury which was resolved on against his intended victim, had never conde scended to turn a look upon Thelwall, now exclaimed, with a mixture of petulance and embarrassment— " He does not know what is against him. Bet ter to let him see what is against him. Here, let him see this paper. Show him this paper," continued he, reaching the Second Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Commons. (Dcbrett's Edition, p. 24 and 2.5.) " Now, Mr. Thelwall," said he, at length, turning his eye full upon him, " Do you know you arc apprehended for treasonable practices, and that this paper was found upon you ?" Thelwall made no answer. The paper presented, and which was said to hare been found upon hint, was a paper which had not only been rejected by him, but by all the Committee, to whom it was referred ; but he did not choose to fix it upon the person by whom it was presented, and, therefore, he remained firmly silent. " Do you know any thing of that paper, Mr. Thelwall ?" asked the Attorney-General. No answer. " Read it to him," said Pitt, angrily. " Let it be read." The paper was read accordingly, during which process Pitt kept his eye keenly bent upon the accused ; and when the paper was read through, " Now, Mr. Thelwall," said he, " it behoves you to state how that parer came to be in your possession." Thelwall, however, was not of the same opinion, and therefore made no answer. " Can you tell how you came by that paper ?" asked the Attorney-General. " I am bold in the consciousness of innocence, but I shall answer no questions," said Thelwall, firmly. " What's that ?—What's that ?" said Pitt, to the Chan cellor. " He says he is bold in the consciousness of innocence, but he will answer no questions." " A strange reason that for answering no questions, Mr. Thelwall," retorted Pitt, his lip quivering, and his wh o l e countenance convulsed with rage . " A strange reason, being bold in conscious innocence ! A strange reason for not answering!" " If I answer this, you will expect me to answer other questions ; and it is no part of the law or Constitution of this country to answer questions to a Privy Council." " You do not come here, Mr. Thelwall," said the Lord Chancellor, very gravely, " to answer to the laws and Con stitution of your country." " What does he say ? What does he say ?" said Pitt. " He says," replied the Chancellor, with his usual mild tone, " it is no part of the laws or Constitution of this country to answer interrogatories. I tell him he does not come here to answer to the laws and Constitution of his country." " Were you at Chalk Farm, Mr. Thelwall?" asked the Attorney-General. Thelwall put his finger on his lips, shook his head, and remained silent. " Were you at the meeting at Chalk Farm ?" was again demanded by the Attorney-General. No answer. The question was once more put with as little avail ; when one of the Privy Council, who was sitting close to that part of the table by which Thelwall was standing, and who had hitherto taken no part in the proceedings, turned shortly round upon him, and looking him full in the face, said with the most contemptuous sneer, " You will not answer, Mr. Thelwall ? then we will make }au answer." At this unprovoked insult, the look of defiance which Thelwall turned upon the Privy Councillor spoke the feel ings which were passing in his breast. He could hardly control the sudden impulse to take the speaker by the nose, which was so insolently perked up in his face, but thrusting his hands into both his pockets, and coolly turning on his heel, he began to examine a water-colour drawing of a ship, which hung over a chimney-piece. Ever afterwards, when speaking of this examination, he used to say, " he never in his life approximated to high treason but once, and that was, in compassing and imagining the act of pulling a Privy Councillor by the nose !" However, the Members of the Council by this time be gan to find that they were losing their labour, for the pri soner was resolved neither to criminate himself nor his col leagues, by giving, to any questions, answers which might be artfully perverted to suit the purposes of the ques tioners. After the Lord Chancellor and Attorney-General had remarked that further interrogatories were useless, Pitt told Thelwall he might withdraw. The particulars of Thelwall's trial, and his subse quent career as a political and scientific lecturer, are well known. He maintained his principles to the last, and before he died, had the happiness to witness the triumph of a cause which he all but scaled with his blood. Thelwall's biographer speaks of him as a man as amiable in private as he was consistent in public life ; but of this we can best assure ourselves after the second volume —which is to embrace a record of his domestic history —makes its appearance. The volume in our hands is the biography of Thelwall as a politi cian and lecturer, a citizen, and a Reform martyr ; that which is to follow will present the world with a por trait of him as a son, a husband, a father, and a friend. As we arc on the eve of a general election, it may be interesting to give another brief extract from Thel wall's biography, illustrative of the change which has been effected in the representation of this country since 1795, The following was the method by which our venerable Tory ancestors sought to maintain invio late our "glorious Constitution in Church and State." What an example for the Radicals do we here find in the boasted " wisdom of our ancestors : Telegraph, Fl iday, Sept. sth. " DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT. " Whoever wishes for a scat in the House, by honour.. able and constitutional means, may have the choice of many where their success can be made certain.—Address a line to M. 8., No. 11, Down -street, Piccadilly." COU: ier, Sept. 3d. " MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. " The present system of electioneering is attended with great evils, among which the following are not the least— much trouble, h eav y expense, an d great uncertainty of suc cess. The advertiser knows how to obtain scats in the House Without difficulty. His plan is infallible and per fectly constitutional. None hut principals can be treated with. Address a line to M. 8., No. 11, Down-street, Piccadilly." In the Times, Saturday, Oct. 18th, was the following paragraphs :—" Counsellor Baldwin, Secretary to the Duke of Portland, is to be elected for the Borough of Melton, in the gift of Earl Fitzwilliam." WANDERINGS I Br GEORGE' COCIIRANR, ESQ. In Two Volumes. London, 1837. Regenerated Greece has not a more enthusiastic ad mirer, or a more s angu i ne supporter, than Mr. Coch rane. In the four-fold capacity of Lieutenant, Private Secretary, Aide-de-Camp, and Treasurer to the Flea, Mr. Cochrane accompanied his distinguished relative Lord Cochrane in his naval expedition for the delive rance of Greece in 1827, and since that period his mind appears to have been wholly absorbed in de vising plans for promoting the social and moral happi ness of the Greek population. After the cessation of hostilities and the recognition of the independence of Greece, Mr. Cochrane returned to England, but in 1834 he again 'visited " the land of his adoption," with a view of impartin g to the Greek Government a plan which he had long and maturely considered, for the establishment of a line of steam-vessels to run at regu lar intervals between the French and Italian ports, and Malta, Greece, and Constantinople. He had several interviews with the Ministry, and one with King Otho, who cordially approved of the project, and promised that nothing on the part of his Majesty should '- wanting to render it eminently successful. .* was stipulated on the part of the Greet, that 1,0001. a year should be .1C ' .4t last it Government ...antcd in support of the plan ; and that Mr. Cochrane should controul its entire direction. This he regarded as a happy termina tion of the first part of his labours, when suddenly the french Government stepped in, and by a vote of the Chamber of Deputies granting 400,0001. to the Minis ter of Marine for the establishnmit of a steam com munication between the Levant and Europe, robbed him of the fruit of years of toil, watching, wandering, • and anxiety. In vain did he represent to M. Humann and his colleagues the priority of his claim—the extent of his personal sacrifices—and the certain success that awaited him. The French Cabinet was inexorable, and Mr. Cochrane's long cherished project —a s far as concerned his pr.-ional interests—fell to the ground. This conduct of the French Government was not ge nerous—it was not even characterized by a regard for the simple principle of individual justice. Mr. Coch rane's appeal was not allowed to interfere with the establishment of a Steam Company in the Levant ; nor does it appear from his account of this transac tion that he ever received the offer of any compensation for his personal sacrifices in the shape of either money, pension, or appointment France has yet reaped but little advantage from this not very creditable manceuvre, on the part of her Go vernment. A Steam communication has been esta blished ; but unless placed on a different footing it will be productive of no essential service to any country. The following letter from Constantinople, dated the 31st of March, and addressed to a Tory Morning Contemporary, bears so forcibly upon this view of the question that we readily give it insertion here, in the hope that it may attract the attention of some Member of the present Government of France : A regular communication across the Mediterranean be tween the Levant and Europe has at length fairly been esta blished. Two of the twelve magnificent steam-vessels des• tined by the French Government for this eminently important purpose have already left this port with answers to the letters and despatches for the various places in Greece and Italy they are to re-visit on their way back to Marseilles. Three times every month in the year this rapid interchange of information between the cast and west is henceforth to be renewed. To prevent the interruptions arising from un forseen accidents two steamers are kept in reserve, and if the Tariff's statement is to be credited this correspond ence is to be carried on with so much exactitude and punctuality, that the day and even the hour of each vessel's arrival and departure, be the weather however boisterous, can be relied upon. The new era, so impatiently expected, has begun. Will the politician, the merchant, the travel ler, in future see their anticipations, or are they yet to re main in the same dormant state as before? This is for these countries so vital a question that it is but just to make it the subject of a few remarks. Political interests, public utility, and the increase of com merce, were the principal advantages the French Govern ment professed to have in view, when proposing to the Chambers the establishment of a steam communication between the more important ports of the Levant and France. These powerful considerations and inducements at once de termined the nation's representatives on voting the funds required. It were to have been wished that the high mindedness and liberality of views which led to the adop tion of this noble scheme had presided also over the de liberations of the Committee entrusted with the details of its execution. Public utility and the augmentation of commerce would not then have been sacrificed to misplaced notions of military decorum, as they have been ; nor would the organization bear the mark of a spirit of cupidity and niggardliness as disreputable for the Government as it will prove injurious to the suc cess of the undertaking itself. For it is certain that, unless a speedy and thorough reform be introduced, commerce will, crc long, fly in disgust from an enterprise to which atten tion to its wants and freedom has been a stranger. Goods of no description are allowed to be embarked on board these vessels, because it were below the dignity of a French officer to sign a bill of lading, or take upon himself the responsibility imposed upon the commanders of ships by the commercial code. Even funds cannot be placed on hoard for the same reason, and, moreover, because these vessels being men of war their character thereby would become compromised, and grounds would be given to fo reign Governments for claiming from them the payment of the port dues, such as are paid by merchantmen. The French trade must remain deprived of the immense advantage to be derived from the rapid conveyance of funds, in order that the Government may keep clear of the difficulty, which it might get over by paying, when having money on board, the duties paid by other vessels. It is said that on the event of the representations lately made on the subject to the Governments of Naples, Rome, and Florence proving successful in guaranteeing the . French steamers from this degradation, the funds of merchants will then be allowed to be shipped. The public, in France at least, had a right to expect that the French Government, after debarring it for the above reasons from these advantages, should have con ferred upon it that of finding a cheaper passage on board the Royal steamers than can be afforded by the merchant vessels on account of the heavy expnses exacted from them in foreign ports, and also a cheap conveyance for letters, pamphlets, newspapers, &c. By referring to the tariffs of the various steam-packets plying between Italy and France, between Vienna and Smyrna, between Trieste and the Levant, it may be seen that this is far from beinc , the case, the passage-money being at least 40 per cent. less on board these private ves sels than on board the Royal ones. As for the charge s on let tern, they are nearly four times heavier in the tariff of the latter* So preposterous have these charges appeared to the English here that every one among the merchants has wr'tten home to request his friends for love's sake to ap ply to the Director of the English Post-office to request their letters being sent as usual, via Vienna, and on no ac count through the improved conveyance of French steam boats. Thus it is evident that the principal, if not the sole, object the French Government has had before its eyes in this enterprise has been political interest, and not that of commerce. The Chambers, it is hoped, will have spirit enough left for calling Ministers to account for this un warrantable deception practised upon the nation and Europe. Mr. Cocluane's description of the society and sce nery of Greece arc vivid and interesting. He, how ever, devotes too much space to book recollections, and there is here and there something like an attempt to write down to the capacity of a less intelligent class of readers, which has rather a disagreeable effect. Most likely this was not intended—the author's object being to render himself universally intelligible. In his " Wanderings in Greece," he had an extensive inter . - course with the Chiefs of the Revolution, and his re miniscences of these old warriors are far from being the least interesting portions of his work. His earli est acquaintances were 'Miaulis, Mavrocordato, Colo cotroni, Capo d'lstrias, Tombasi, Karaiskaki, and Ca naris—names illustrious from their association with the independence of Greece. Of King Otho and his Royal Consort, he speaks in terms of admiration and respect ; 7.nd he is sanguine enough to believe that the day is not distant when Greece will rival France and England in the knowledge and practice of all the re finements of civilized life. His work is hanlsomely embellished with portraits of King Otho and his Queen, and numerous views of different places in Greece. The view of Athens might almost be mis taken for a view of Edinburgh—so striking is the ex ternal resemblance between the capitals of Greece and North Britain. The following account of the author's first acquain tance with the celebrated Chief Colocotroni, must con clude our notice of a work, from the perusal of which our readers will derive profit and amusement : " On returning on board the schooner, I observed upon the deck several calves, sheep, goats, and a quantity of poultry, which I learned had been sent by Colocotroni, with an intimation that, on the following day, he would pay the Admiral a visit. He accordingly came, with sever a l o f his f o ll owers ; one of whom, a Count Mataxa, acted as his Secretary, and seemed to suggest and direct his politi cal observation s ; for Colocotroni, though the most distin guished chief of the country, was not a man whc)sc intel lect had received any artificial cultivation. His rise may be attribut e d to hi s great bodily strength, and his bravery the field prominent a .ileis n very d mtaarl marked d being t u a re bo s u t six feet high— has very antwears his hair very long. " Colocotroni being a M mote (that is, an inhabitant of the peninsula of Greece) he was attired as one, in a stile quite different from the of a red cap , w i th ~ ,a nders. Hi s d ress was cmlpose " white c o tt on d short, pl a i n , green c l ot h jac k et, an d a ki lts, L . lustinello, mo re a f ter t h e sty l e o f t h e S cotc h T_.ot with about three times the quantity of cloth in it. .le plaits, drawn up round the waist, were innumerable ; round these plaits was twisted a red sash. Under this fus tin 110 he wore a pair of drawers descending to the calves of the legs, and his legs were covered with thick black and red cotton leggings, and shoes. ' "He had no sword by his side ; but his companions T E SUN, LONIiON, THETIISDA JUNII 20, 184 wire armed to the very teeth. A brace of Torkisu pistols was placed in the leathern belt that was girt round their body, and in which was also introduced a large atapOnn, about a foot and a half long. They all appeared to be under very good control, and obeyed any directions that were given them in a very orderly manner. Their fusti nel!os were neither so white nor so clean as their and their caps, instead of being red, were getting bleached with the weather. They were certainly a most ferocious looking body, and many a dark deed, no doubt, could have bcen recounted by them. " Lord Coehraile having asked their chieftain to enter the cabin, he descended, accompanied by Count Mataxa. " The day previous to this interview, the Admiral had engaged the services of Mr. Mason, an English gentleman, who, having resided some time in Greece, had a perfect knowledge of the Greek language. Mr. Masson was to act as public secretary ; and it was by his medium that the conversation was kept up between Colocotroni and Lord ' Cochrane. No tchaboucks were offered at this interview, Colocotroni not being much addicted to smoking ; but coffee was presented. Colocotroni came on board principally to know if there was plenty of money in the strong chest. He represented the finances of the country as in a most dreadful state ; and he said that Greece would he lost un less succours were found in the shape of money to pay the troops. " He was informed, that about 8,000/. was on board but that the principal part of it was to be devoted to tl.e fleet. " I observed, that whenever any doubt arose in Coloco troni's mind upon any subject, he always appealed to his se cretary, and said to him, " Recollect, you arc to blame if Ido wrong." Although I could not at that time under stand all that he uttered,. I could not but admire the ex pressive emphasis he made use of in his speeches, which were very long. He held in his hand a long string of am ber beads, which he continually passed through his fingers, and the quicker he spoke the faster were the beads re moved from one part of the string to the other. " I afterwards heard that these beads were his constant companion, and that he could transact no business without them. His hard, care-worn features scarcely ever relapsed into a smile, although Lord Cochrane and Mr. Masson laughed aloud several times at the things that were spoken of. " The Count seemed to have adopted his chief's stern and severe manner, for he never joined in the laugh. " Colocotroni remained on board a couple of hours, dur ing which time he talk e d a grea t d ea l, an d comp l a i ne d much of several parties connected with the then management of affairs ; but to these complaints the Admiral refused to listen, stating that he had come to Greece to heal party disputes, rather than in any way to assist in fomenting them. " Colocotroni spoke of his two sons, both of whom were holding the rank of Captain in the Greek army, and Geneos, the youngest, being at that time with the army at the Piraeus, under the command of General Karaiskaki. " After a lengthened visit, the old chieftain took his leave, and was landed at Poros by one of the ship's boats." IRELAND. DUBLIN, JUNE 27. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, JUNE 26. JOHN GORE JONES, ESQ. V. CUNNINGHAM, HUNTER, AND OTHERS. This trial was proceeded with yesterday morning, and after three successive days, was brought to a conclusion on Monday evening. The Jury, at twenty minutes past six o'clock, found for the defendants, with sixpence costs. The Learned Judge, in charging the Jury, amongst other observations made the following :—Gentlemen of the Jury—You have given your most attentive consideration to this case, which has now occupied the public time for three days ; and that attention, I will say, could not have been given to one of more importance, as well to the parties themselves as to the public generally. Gentlemen, the plaintiff and defendants here are persons of great respect ability indeed. The plaintiff, Mr. Gore Jones, holds an office of distinction under the Government, and the de- fendants are gentlemen of high consideration, in point of re spectability and property , and hold the commission of the peace for the county of Londonderry. There is undoubt edly much of character involved in the question. The plaintiff brings what is commonly called an action for libel; he alleges he was libelled by the defendants in the publica tion of certain resolutions, which were adopted on the 29th February, 1836. Those were passed by the defendants now before you, ten in number, who arc Magistrates of the county of Londonderry, and are their act. That they were published by them, and extensively disseminated, is not now a matter of debate, for they have acknowledged it. It has been proved upon the trial, and not denied by the defendants. They have, however, Gentlemen, availed themselves of two pleas ; the one that of general issue, and the other a special justification. The first, as to whether the resolutions were libellous or not ; the second, supposing it to be so, that they were justified under the circumstances. The Learned Judge, after observing that he could not agree with Mr. Blackburne's law, which went to show that it was no libel, in consequence of the provocation which had been given, proceeded :—Now, Gentlemen of the Jury, the questions in the pleas I beg to call your attention to. You will have to consider whether in his evidence the plaintiff made wilful mis-statements, or mis-stated by mere mistake. You will of course find accordingly. I shall submit the evidence to you, but not by reading it from any hooks, as it. is there exceedingly voluminous f but I shall lay the principal points before you in a general way, and I will merely call your attention to what are the sepa rate questions. The first is, whether the defendants refused or declined, as magistrates, and in that capacity, to co-ope rate with the plaintiff in the discharge of their magiste rial duties. Now there has not been given in the course of this trial any distinct definition as to what may be the amount of this duty of co-operation. Now I do not think that it means the actual presence of an additional magistrate on every occasion where the duty may be discharged by the attendance of one. What I take it to mean it, that one magistrate shall be always ready, willing, and desirous to aid another by his counsel and advice, as to the hest mode of carrying into effect the laws of the country, and xendering the same respected by all. It will be for you, Gentlemen of the Jury, to judge whether this were done or otherwise in the present case. You have been told by counsel that amongst others, the magisterial duties consisted in putting down and suppressing all party processions, a species of exhibitions which you must all be aware have prevailed in the North of Ireland fur many years, and have been the cause of most disastrous, me lancholy, and unfortunate cmsequences in that part of the country. In the course of the present trial some doubt had been thrown out by counsel as to what extent the conduct of a magistrate might be legally justifiable in re spect to these processions, inasmuch as sometimes the parties in them might have badges—sometimes they might have arms—sometimcs colours—and at other tunes one or other of these might be wanting on such occa sions of party display. Now, before the passing of the Act for suppressing party processions, there might, indeed, exist some difficulties, and the extent of magisterial inter ference be rendered an act of extreme responsibility to the individual. The case, however, was different since the passing of the Act in August, 1832. Its provisions ‘vere perfectly plain. They stated that any person or persons joinin g in such parad e or p rocess i on f or t h e ce l e b rat i on o f a party festival, or for any purposes of religious distinction, and that the party or parties should have any arms, flags, or symbols, that might be calculated to inflame or excite the minds of others, the same should be deemed illegal, and those concerned therein be considered guilty of a misde meanor, subject to be apprehended and put on trial for the same. In reference to the proceedings on the above charge, at the suit of Mr. Gore Jones, the stipendiary magis trate, against certain justices of Londonderry, Down, &c., the Dub/in Evening Post says that the value of these pro ceedings i s not di m i n i s h e d, i n a pu bli c v i ew, b y t h e ver di ct which has be en t a k en f o r t h e d e f en d an t s . " I n d ee d, on looking at the jury, we did not anticipate any other verdict. Had the verdict been the other way, our opinion would be Just the same. It is, .we repeat it, on the exposures made, ou tl:a matters proved on this trial, that we think it of gre a t public importance." The Queen was proclaimed in Clonmel on Saturday, and lu Limerick this day. Throughout this country her Ma jesty has been already, or will be proclaimed, before the close of the present week. A Moate correspondent thus writes :—" You may recol lect that two tithe victims, named Fallon and M'Can, were ordered, on the 10th inst., to be discharged from the cus tody of a Rebellion Ruffian in this pla c e, as f our d a y s had elapsed beyond the time when they should have been brought before the Court. The injured parties processed the Rebellion Ruffian before the Assistant-Barrister, for false imprisonment, and, on Thursday last, obtained decrees against him—Fallon for 11., and M'Can for 5/. Upon those decrees the defendant, who bore the high office of Com missioner of Rebellion under the Barons of the Exchequer, was arrested, and he is now cooling his heels' in the ro mantic castle, called the county gaol of Mullingar. This is, indeed, a great triumph of the law over the myrmidons of the parsons—the joy of the honest people of Westmeath is great accordingly. The example should not be lost upon other districts."--Dublin Eccning Post. We have received the proclamation of his Excellency regarding the Orange processions usually held on the Ist and 12th of July, together with an excellent and judicious circular letter from Mr. Secretary Drummond on the sub ject.—lbid. GENERAL ELECTION. -- In reference to the representa tion, we take the following information from a long and able article written upon the subject by our respected contem porary the Dublin Evening Post. The pro s p ec t s are animating. Tho city of Dublin is per fectly secure. We doubt, indeed, whether there will be a contest. • We beat the Orangemen and the Castle in 1835. Tile Orangemen arc dislocated by the removal of their head, and the wiser sort of the confraternity—the great unsworn—those who joined the ranks, with a view to office on a boakversmeut, are beginning to tire of playing the los ing game. The Orangemen will be thoroughly thrashed in the city of Dublin, if they venture upon a contest. Ha milton will not come forward, it is said by his friends, if they do not furnish him with money. West—much as his agents may have received from the Carlton Club—is pretty well mulcted already. As a man of prudence, he will look about him before he plunges into all the horrors of a contested election for the city of Dublin. With the Castle, the Police, the Paving Board for him, at the last election, he was beaten. Can he calculate upon such assistance now ? We have known Mr. West, and, as a private gentleman, we like him. And, although his toadies and backers may not give us credit for this assertion, he will—we are con vinced—namely, that, for his own sake, we should not like to see him a candidate for the city of Dublin at the en- su:ng cicetion. 'They arc threatening James Grattan—they are fools. There is another gentleman, for whom, though we have had the honour of knowing his person, we have always had a sort of regard—we mean Sir Charles Coote, of the Queen's County. Three Sessions have now elapsed nearly since he got into a false position. Should, however, Sir Charles continue his Orange connections—should he still persist in taking Mr. Chidley Coote into his councils— should he lean to the present politics of Abbeylcix—should he, at the commencement of a new reign, and a new era, still continue to run in the. course prescribed by the Orangemen, he will live to lament it. With regard to Mr. Fitzpatrick's address, it is ever; thing that the friends of Liberty and Ireland could wish. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Ju.vz 28. WILSON, BART. V. lIOARE AND OTHERS. This was an action of debt brought to recover the sum of 3,900/. as fines upon the admission of fourteen trustees to the trust estate of the Wells Charity, in the parish of Hampstead. The plaintiff was the Lord of the Manor within which the estate was situated, and had the right to receive fines upon the admission of new trustees as tenants of the manor. There were fourteen trustees of the estates, but the plaintiff was only entitled to fines upon nine out of that number. Those fines were calCidated in this manner. For the first of the fourteen lives thus admitted tenants two years' rent of the estate were to be paid ; for the second half that amount ; for the third half of that half ; so de creasing by half at every fresh life. The rent of the trust estate was 1,0001. a year, and the fine for the first life was, therefore, claimed to be 2,000/, for the second 1,000/., for the third .500/., for the fourth 2501., and for the fifth 1251. When nine of the fourteen tires had dropped, the trus tees were entitled to demand that nine new lives should be introduced, and in a case of that kind the remaining five would surrender, for the purpose of re-admission, and be ad mitted with the new Trustees. In such a case the custom of the manor was not to charge any fine on the re-admission of the old Trustees ; and as they stood the first on the list the larger fines might, if the admissions were properly claimed, be always saved. In that way the fines never ex ceeded 125/. In the present instance twelve lives had been suffered to drop without re-admission, and the remaining Trustees, not knowing, perhaps, what would be the cinse quence of their conduct, resigned the trust. It therefore became necessary that 14 new Trustees should be admitted. The Lord consequently claimed a fine on each according to what he alleged to be the custom of the manor. His claim had at first been for 3,985/. 10s., but the case having been before the Exchequer Chamber, that Court decided that as there were fourteen lives to be inserted in the lease, and as his fines could be claimed whenever any nine out of the number had dropped, his chances of thus dropping were increased by the increased number of lives, and he must make a reduction on tbat account. The question of the amount of the reduction had been submitted to an ac tuary, who stated it at somewhat about 43/. The plaintiff had taken off the odd 85/. 10s., and he now claimed 3,900/. The defendants insisted, first, that there was no clear proof that the fines now demanded were warranted by law, or were according to the custom of the manor ; and, secondly, that if the first part of the principle of calculating the fines was admitted the reduction ought to be much greater than was stated, according to the agreement of the persons named as trustees. Evidence was called upon the points raised in the Case, and the Jury returned a verdict for the defendants. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Juxr; 27. EDENBOROUGH V. WRIGHTSON. This was an action to recover the sum of 51/. 18s. 3d., for goods sold and delivered, brought by the plaintiff, who was a manufacturer of lace and similar articles, carrying on business in Milk-street, Cheapside, against the defendant, a master mariner, and part owner of a vessel called the Spanish Packet. The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE summed up the evidence, and the Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, 511. 18s. 3d. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, ✓uxr 23. :N THE MATTER OF THE PETITION OF JOHN ItAYNES HAYWARD, ESQ. In this case a point of practice of considerable impor tance arose. The Insolvent, whose debts, it was stated, amounted to 10,0001., and who attributed his insolvency to lame in racehorses and in the building of stables for them, had bean removed by habeas corpus from Ilchester gaol, to which prison he had renderell in discharge of his bail. Mr. WooDRoFFE submitted that by the Act of Parlia ment no Insolvent could remove himself by virtue of this writ unless the distance was within 20 miles of London. Mr. Coox thought the word " behalf" materially qua- lified the objection. Mr. Commissioner BowEN said the Act was imperative, and he was ultimately ordered to remove himself back, giving the creditors ten days' notice. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS. The state of the New Prison, Clerkenwell, at the com mencement of the sessions was reported by Mr. Kiisby, the Governor, to be as follows :—Male prisoners, 190 ; fe males. 93 ; total, 283: of whom there were committed for larcenies, 13 ; misdemeanours, 4 ; assaults, 33 ; riot, 35 ; disorderlies, 44 ; meocitim ° , 12 ;. for re-examination, 62 ; summary convictions, 76 ; deserters, 3 ; evidence for the Crown, I.—The cases disposed of were trivial, and possessed no public interest. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HO USE. Two young men, named John Mihvard and John Jowl, were brought up charged with highway robbery. Mr. John Love, of Old-street-road, and Adam's-court, Broad-street, merchant, as he was going home on . the pre ceding night between eleven and twelve o'clock he was met by the two prisoners, who had umbrellas for sale. He pur chased four from them, and they told him that if he would accompany them they would show him a great variety of umbrellas which they wanted to dispose of. As he had no objeetion to a bargain he consented to go and examine the goods, and they all went down 13ishopsg,ate-street. When they reached the corner of a court, witness holding his lot of umbrellas in his band, Milward suddenly seized him by the neck from behind and pulled back his bead, while Jones robbed him of a purse contining fifty sove reigns and two five pound Bank of England nCtes• The prisoners then ran off, and about half a minute i::!ter wards witness, upon recovering from his surprise, called out for the police. Nobody, however, appeared to ren der him assistance, and he at length reached the watch house, where he had described what had happened to him, and the persons of the 'prisoners of whom he bad an ac curate recollection. Some time afterwards Milward was taken into custody by a policeman and taken to the watch house, when witness immediately recognised him. In his pocket was found a piece of elegantly carved ivory, which appeared to ba the broken-off handle of a parasol, and witness stated that the prisoner had offered to him the ivory for sale.—The prisoners were remanded till Saturday. HATTON-GARDEN. Yesterday James Cox, the owner of a dog-pit, in New Inn-yard, Tottenham-court-road, appeared to a summons, charged with cruelty to animals. It appeared from the evidence of several witnesses, that on the Ist of May last they proceeded to the defendant's pit in New Inn-yard, for the purpose of witnessing dog-fighting and badger-baiting, &c., when they saw several dogs put together by the de fendant, who acted as the principal in the concern, and the most excessive cruelty was practised towards the animals. They paid 6d. at the door for their admission, to a woman who acted as moneytaker, and she informed them in _the presence of the defendant that there would be a " slap up match" in the ensuing week. The defendant was convicted in the penalty of .5/. and costs, and in default of payment to be committed to House of Correction for two months. IVORSHIP-STREE7'. Yesterday Richard Turner, a brickmaker, living in Grove-lane, Hackney, appeared on a snmmons before Mr. Conn, charged with a series of acts of ill-treatment towards his wife. The complainant had been married to the defendant ele ven years. On Sunday night he struck her a most violent blow, by which she was felled to the ground. The night before, when he came home, he was in liquor, and turned her out, so,that she was compelled to walk about all night. But he had s , !rved her so above a hundred times. She lAi pardoned him repeatedly, till, now her health was in such a state of decline, that she was not able to put up with it any longer.—The defendant was held to bail to keep the peace towards his wife for three months. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS A correspondent of the Times, who signs himself " B. D.," and whose consequence in the eyes of the conductors of that Journal is indicated by the size o' the type assigned to him, makes the following state- ment : " What are we (the Conservatives) doing ? Nothing— literally nothing at all. Large constituencies arc going a begging for want of a decent candidate. Hull, Yarmouti Hythe, Shoreham, Nottingham, Wolverhampton, Birming ham, and even Marylebone, in all of wh eh the Conserv. tive strength is notorious, have been offere I in vain on tern infinitely below the usual market price. Nobody will con, forward—nobody will spend any money—io!),,dv kill tak any trouble. Men of princely fortunes, who croak all day long about the designs of the Radicals, and the perils ofl the times, are so lapped in sensual indolence that they will not come forward themselves, and so blinded by their short sighted selfishness that they will not afford a helping hand to those who, with more honourable zeal and more patriotic spirit, only lack the requisite means to serve and save their country. " Really, Sir, to see the men who daily cross the thresl hold of the Carlton Club, and to hear how much and hos mightily they talk, and how little they perform or attempt to perform—if it is not enough to make an honest man Radical, is at all events enough to make him forswear poll. tics altogether, to see the men who have the chief stake ii the preservation of things as they are, so grossly negligen , in taking the obvious and ordinary means to secure it." So nobody will spend any money ! What, not to defend our glorious Constitution, in imminent danger from Radicals T.—not to preserve the Protestant Esta blishment, in imminent danger from a Popish faction The men of princely fortunes are lapped in sensual in dolence, and the men who are possessed of honourable' zeal and patriotic spirit, and would willingly serve and save their country, lack the requisite means ! This is but a sorry account of the Conservatives. Tlin,c who have money have no zeal and patriotism ; and' those who have zeal and patriotism have no money. What a flare-up there would be among these pennyless patriots if the men of princely fortunes would ',only come down handsomely with their sovereigns I But what a dreadful thing it is to be " lapped in sensual indolence," and " blinded by short-sighted selfish ness !" " There live not three good men unhanged in England ; and one of them — is fat and grows old." We suppose these zealous patriots, who are so anxious to save their country, but without the requisite means, are the public-spirited gentle men of Hythe, Shoreham, Nottingham, Wolverhamp ton, Birmingham, and Marylebonne, who would fain' exchange their Conservative exertions for some of the hard cash of the men of princely fortunes. But let us be just- to the Tories. We all know that the Con stitution is sure to be most in danger, and Popery to - be most rampant, when the cupidity of the Tories i.,, stimulated by the near prospect of place. They had absolutely persuaded themselves that they had nothing. to do but to get up Conservative dinners, and to rail - against O'Connell and the Popish priests, and Mink'. -ters would be forced to quit office. It was happily observed by Lord Melbourne, at the opening of the :ession, " That if meetings, speeches, and resolu tions were to be regarded as disturbing tranquillity, , !l there was not now a country in Europe so much dis tnrbed as England had been during the vacation. , One Noble Lord opposite had lifted up his voice most :- loudly during these disturbances, and it must be al- :, lowed that the appearance of other Noble Lords on the same side hairaised as loud a clamour, and stir-19 red up as much agitation as it was possible for_ anykl party to excite He should only recom mend Noble Lords not to be deceived by the sound ofa their own voices, or to take the loudness of their shouts. as a proOf of the increase of their numbers." Eagerly did they pursue place ; but it was like the chase of the Indian after the sun—they were as far from as ever. In vain Sir Robert Peel kindly threw oul _ _ lat if Ministers Would only resign, the cotntry would not be left without a Govermnent. They would not even on this hint consent to quit office. The new reign has, it would ccm, put an extinguisher on the hopes of the Tories, and the Times, in its despair any other means of aiding than, endeavoured to sow dissensions between the Queen and her revered parent 13ut the flame of Tory zeal must be fed liv hope of en joyment,. or it will go out. At the last election the Tories made a desperate effort to regain the command of the public purse, and to do them justice they bled freely. They gave their thousands in the hope of re- ceiving hundreds of thousands. The Carlton Cluil could be liberal in those days without imprudence. Bulgy it is very different now. A Princely fortune may, nti doubt, be spent now, hut will the Princely fortune sc spent come hack again ? The Tories who have money would seem, according to B. D., to think that the chances 1 of a Tory Ministry arc not such at present as to warrant a liberal investment in the bribing of mercenary clectorsi and croaking, whatever may be said of it, is at allg events a cheap means of venting dissatisfaclion.l _ ... Ministers, in fact, have the bail at their feet. They will have at their command all the power of the Crown ; and by removing all recognised abuses, pro moting economy at home and abroad, and improving our institutions so - as to render them worthy of an co lightened nation, Ministers cannot fail to obtain the support of the people. Under such circumstances; .. . . what have they to fear, and what hare the Tories too hope ? The latter will be ashamed to mention theLi 'Nord re-action. The correspondent of the Times i.,n unreasonable in expecting generous exertions and dis-P, interested sacrifices from a selfish party. This is at tempting to cut blocks with razors. We are more . just to the Tories. We have shown that the change: is attributable to their correct reading of the signs of,, the times. We have no doubt that they will not -beY deficient at the approaching election in the bad practices on which they have always placed much reliance-A that wherever they can intimidate they will intimidatel But in the spending of money there will be a falling off. This will be felt, no doubt, by the attorneys ancl!s. , other worthy friends of the Conservative cause, whoseß zeal depends on the amount of the required means ate their disposal. Honest men throughout the country : d will derive great consolation from knowing that thi Tories are not in the spending vein. It has been saiol l that " fools for arguments lay wagers ;" but we set iA every day that the man echo is exceedingly confide:l begins to doubt as soon as a bet is offered. The rers-, diucss of !Ike Torics to spend money in elections inn.c le taken as a measure of their r.2al expectations. Popery and a host of exaggerated calamities will gra :hinny sink to their real proportions, now that th( Tories can gain little by keeping up the delusion. It is well for the Reformers now that the Tories, in tht vain hope of creating a belief in reaction, were induced t o spend so much money in single elections during the last two years. This has had the beneficial effect of draining, the funds of the Carlton Club, so that toS Cam , on :he war it is necessary that the men ofprincely f ortune should again bleed. The boy whop constantly called w c.if" was at last disregarded. Th 4 Tories, by availing themsc.lves of every partial success which they purchased by a large expenditure of money to call out " reaction," may now call " reaction " long enough before they are attended to. There has been a great deal of expensive agitation purely thrown away The " waiters on Providence" will now turn their hacks on the Tories, who niust acquire the virtue of resignation to their disconsolpte late.—Morning Chronide. The drowsy supineness of the political atinosOere is about, at length, to be superseded by the cheerinq bustle and invigorating excitement of an electioneerinsi contest. The " tug of war" is close at hand , ands , " Greek will soon be matched with Greek" in conflict ing collision. A lready the entire interest of the Parlia mentary Session has passed away ; the present Parlia ment maybe consideied in articulo mortis; and all i : accounts in this world may be regarded as closed From all parts of the country accounts are pouring in, of preparation for the conflict. Every reflecting man feel the vital importance of the stake which is to be played' for. The battle must be, indeed, and will be " cer tattim Colo corpore." The nation, as appears from our! _ crowded columns of electioneering news, is rousingl and arming in all parts ; but it is not yet sufficientlyl roused ; and although we urged the subject on Monday,. we think it by no means out of place to re-invoke the combined body of Reformers in all localities of the kingdom—by whatever shades of the colours of libery i they have been hitherto distinguished—and under whatever standards they have hitherto marched to the i overthrow of the dark ramparts of ecclesiastical am,' political abuse. On this subject repetition is so far from