The Sun. — London, England, 1846-03-16 00:00:00

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SAL OF THE CAMBRIA—NEW YORK tote MAILS LEFT BEHIND. 0,,_ -Pooie, SATURDAY.—The royal mail steam-ship, ati vl4n ci T.ln'ise Captain Judkins, which left Boston on the Ist s h il idifex on the 3d, reached the Mersey this morning. Wa s anxiously looked for, and great has been the CPPointneent in consequence of her leaving Boston riore - Th e the New York mails of the 28th ult. had arrived. 4 0 2:e had been a very severe snow -storm, and this had 1,4_tl the arrival of the mails ; we have, therefore, no 40 7 iTork dates later than the 27th. The mail is only Iss o l t v n _ 4 lf as heavy as usual, and the annoyance and sat ren.ince which will be occasioned to the mercantile 40 1 , ar un itY, would, we think, make it a question with is s attl i ent whether the delay of a few hours will not, bp % le t_e , !)e preferable to the disappointment consequent title d„,,vil?g the bags behind. It is, assuredly, a ques b:sf.eving of serious consideration. tebior;3%;ecittnoria brings 41 passengers, whose names are 4 0 - N u, it . Boston to Liverpool—Prince Joseph N. Bona ,litt;'l7r.,A. Mailliard, Mr. John Giles, Mr. S. Cornell, ketis" e ," li ains, Rev. Thomas Spencer and lady, Mr. 13, ah i _,,, Bannersacht, Mr. H. E. Falk, Mr. T. D. 4, 0 1 ,a3T, Mr. 11. Appold, Mr. Louis Switzer, Mr. e h tei e t ' D _"er, Mr. R. S. Fellows, Mr. S. Hyde, Mr. W. gieig e ` be e v. W. Dean, Mr. R. S. Palmer, Mr. C. F. A. Be - , , Mr. A. Borrowman, Mr. N. C. Poor, Mr. lip d en te, Mr. Allan, Mr. Van Virst, Mr. W. Tall, lle t a'a,l3. Morewood, Mr. G. S. Soren and son, Mr. 4s ay ' 4 .r. George Morris, Mr. T. F. Smith, Dr. F. H. m Jehn Wolf, Mr. E. Morton, Mr. E. H. R. prig,pr( Mr. M. Fox. 4 0)41 lialifax to Liverpool—Mr. James Bisk, Mr. 1 / 44 ,_ a ckay. Mr.E. Tupper, Dr. White, Dr. Alexander, ' Alexander, Rifle Brigade. la t h i ; THE OREGON QUESTION. qe 4 , i mporta i mportant question still occupies the attention k'St, -gr e e _ss, but the pacific indications are mor e promi nth,, tos„ '!ue following will show summary o how the last two days' I in thematters stand at i tter:VINGTON, WEDNESDAY, FEB. 25.—There was an te tt i o in lg debate in the Senate to-day, on the Oregon kiti itid , and the character of the late intelligence from C Aft" a , -, u'. Dickenson had concluded his speech, Z s jmet k _ n Yton moved that the f u rther dis cuss i on o f th e Nsk ~ve Postponed to Monday fortnight. He did not this u' L at any go o d cou ld come from a discussion at k spr ea `" ( '. The character of the late intelligence had islet it him as very amicable, and it was proper to 4 411 4 ,! in the same spirit. We could not, in a better k it ..r, meet that amicable disposition than by showing I b t r we Were in no hot haste. Is h.,%Allen said, in regard to the pacific news, of which koiC i ,heard so much, men might well differ in opi- NA o fi.e had seen nothing in the language of . mini eh in that of the press, which afforded any evidence 'set44o in the designs of England. The British Itti ee was too sagacious to disclese its designs in ad- I t s' and if we were to gather anything from their efe t ,„Ths, it would be the very reverse of what they a tteid e ",`,, But the British Government had had the k 'syk,; . t a message before them for two months, and ;te a 'lv what measures were proposed by us. There 'sat o P e r oPriety in o ur t a ki ng 'counsid from the move- S t °, Great B r it a i n ; an d if we now postpone d the , 1 ' a t ' i t would show th a t we l ac k e d nerve an d h eart 'lt h s e work we had undertaken. This subject had thktice,4oose connected with another of greater impor eel , 11 r political relations to other countries, He Nte t ,:o the project of a monarchieal government, under i lils, -;,`h guarantee, for Mexico. k les eaf anon—The senator from Ohio may be right ; m h a " l inents of the British ministers and press might kttr il 4 fair exponent of the designs of the British k Otf llt 'at• If so, he wished that a little of the same L post w an could b e man if este d h ere . H e did not propose ,Iteir, e ment with a view to shrink from the question, 1 4 4: 4 view t o more d e lib er at e ac ti on . Th e senate NC" s no wv prepared to act, and the question h a d b e - I: now l fo Cas a made some remarks with a v i ew t o j us tif y tope):Mer inferences as to the position of the British I li .. e s Ti o nt on thi s quest i on. N oth i ng i n the Queen ' s i s l i kei t t i ; in parliament showed any pacific intention Csi e h ee e United States, but the revers e . H e was k k , ' l l at the re m a r k o f th e government paper ( t h e i l ki t t .bat the news from Great Brit a i n was p ac ifi c . stePlen was disposed to support the motion, but °,e, that our right to give the notice was indis- AJ.. j ) a sh, c,4,Ytoti withdrew his motion to postpone. a.. °4la elntlitt wished to submit an amendment which " h a p a l . Kl)t ess the sense of the Senate that the question to.str, C a p e r one for nego ti a ti on an d comprom i se . Th Lti cne° ' c ilia said he hoped every senator would come W, tut,Prepared to vote on the amendments, 44 411. 44t 0 went into consideration of executive Ole fro WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, FEB. 26. 0 " lowie is the form of the notice proposed by th el- . g tt e eie;:suitt yesterday, and which, it is believed, meets l 'atl t 4 of Mr. Calhoun, Mr. Crittenden, and others IT Ilarti t hei P°4 th es ' ik‘t kr. Bauctonpatnion will this res e olation, isiurm surmised INotiations will be renewed.r from the Cabinet, '`f o llowing are the joint resolutions : PV,V notice be g i ven , i n terms of the treaty, for abro oi' e , onve , ,tion made between Great Britain and the Vot,Qtes on the 20th of October, 1818, and continued iNtwrvention of 1827, immediat-ly after the close of the tti a . 3 e %viol: of Congress, unless the President. in his dis ,i'e,'; Vial/ consider it prudent to defer it to a later period. id ' 2 . And be it further resolved, that it is earnestly de ke 141 t he 0., -., long-standing controversy respecting limits in I ,`O t y -9 °' , - territory be speedily settled by NEGOTIA- Ni e , ~.'2 4 d COMPROMISE, in order to tranquillise the NI ' 4. nds and to preserve the friendly relations of the two ~.„ kk4ilWi_ebster, after alluding to the importance of an e L `e ile n of opinion on this subject, by the Senate, in s t N „.° to the interests of the business community, Othewrere euffering by the state of suspense, inquired Ve t , ae t he senator from Kentucky (Mr. Crittenden) 'al. teethe to accept the proposition of the senator h i ,. e,,,Nia (Mr. Colquitt). Ct i t iVterlderi had determined, ho said, to accept the nestle; and he would accept the latter with some In' l°n • Mr. Crittenden went on to say that what. 11.. ‘4 e0,, 1gh be the occasional popular effervescence in at no,. 111 1 " * I or the fervour of debates here, he trustd S at e ll en d be found that the Senate would come to g a kdt temperate conclusion on this subject. There o tae eat desire that action should take place to-day, N y that the result may be transmitted by the Ll t. w ont he did not see its importance. . ),LA ih,e i l r ister did not differ a hair's breadth in opinion ro. Silt ett tion. Senator from Kentucky as to the p pro at ,he Course that he proposed. He went . on to kt t %e exercise of the treaty right to give the le:tdi e Z",ho just cause of offence, but the circumstances kNecl tt , it were to be considered. The . . House accom- S it S O 4 ) naked notice with a proposition qualifying ked tr , such proposition had been offered here. .It IQ 0 „"' i he the sense of the Senate that some qualifi 116ist4ht to be adopted. It was now desirable that IC ti t , ". 1 5 2 102V the opinion of the Executive Government 01 1 „,, - , e ‘ litct and use of this notice. The President did IoN, E e - '"lwar, but how was be to escape it? The question 1, ) 4 lettled, and, if so, by negotiation. But what is k e he t : l li e basis of the negotiation ? What were tt, a ,, ° terms? All that we have from. the Govern- S s t e tti n t ii that they claimed the whole .. of Oregon or none. Iti, oft hot understand the position of the Govern- Vs of .‘ would not treat for anything less than the tt,fst b Oregon, but propose negotiation. Did the ik,:, 7 1„4 ,negotiation to persuade Great Britain to give I, l ° l e of Oregon? He wished success to the pro tie ere seemed to be a gross inconsistency in . the tk„S„,,of the Government. If they di tnotint e e n n a l to to r IQ . I t re, the result often predicted by the s . " ''s ch . l gan must happen. Mr. Webster, in the ( "il t it. y . of his remarks, said that a majority of the Senate 1 ,, i li.ie ter the two propositions of Mr. Colquitt. VC i n gnum here said, two thirds will vote for it. ' l / 41 , t 1 / 4 4e, ten se, Mr. Hannegan, and Mr. Allen opposed Ipti stldrnent of Mr. Colquitt ; and Mr. Breese de ytltte " g at he did not wish the President to negotiate ti l ii;.`Mr. All en , i n t h e course o f t h e debate, asserted ta,.iti;t!'reesident's views and determination to assert ' l l acl _, the wh o l e t err ito r y u p t o 54 40 h a d under y, , e -- Tang e , ILll be a noun said, it was now evident, if not before,. litNi hilit in controversy was, whether this question i;: t t S'i ti ,. Settled by arms, or by negotiation and corn eol4, It was the most important question that had I t ,. 4,, ,before the American people since the revolu ,gle r : ; uwelt on the importance of an early expression e a st, ;r l olon of the Senate upon it. Nt i th a tts s said the resolutions could not take anything lean.dwanhnstitutional power of the President. What e t ea u t h .. 4 - et tpnk if the British Parliament should propose tit' - e n ? What right have we to . suppose . _that 'f t hn Government would heed their invitation ? its ? - ed, would they ever agree to compromise on e lli t 7 4 tre n ',`" R. Peel's language was the most peculiar t 1,, / r - Q t,uinary specimen of diplomacy he over me ( liks ki e e „,"(r R. Peel was sincere in his expressions, he N ii;,,th rsealMr. Pakenham. He had anticipated 'tti a ,,aa W h en he saw the President's Message. His ti al4 a s iihe-ecr,ealied. Unless Great Britain should make 1 , 11 n e , e lli offer than she had done, the difficulty 'tit' ' a. be settled. • 44,,, 4 ! ,--n_at,e.adjourned to M inday, March 2. vtx, ti,, er 42 blngt on correspondent ' of the New York i kti: k Ot et , 44 3 7 8, "The rumour is current that Mr. 111 , ak to 'as brought out instructions to Mr. Pakeri `4i4i, t7 -° P e o negotiations by an offer of the 40th 1 t s t ti em ° whole of the Vancouver's island, and the tli t. l is sa id f the Columbia for twenty years. Its: Of that Mr. Polk will not take the responsi .t! f - r ec !Pting the offer, but will submit it to the ee ate 'se e k,. 1! 4(1 1 11 ti t , sin -boat Saladan, from Nashville, in passing li t t l , l t l : i t e ep l i ° r , name in collision, on the evening of the 'r)e. ih the steam-boat Congress, going up, near '4 e roi. le °2' n t• Thirty persons were killed by the col t'Ve. re h4nsequently drowned. 'Athllst r. 'V, been another tragedy at Richmond, be- I N' lii4 i . t ehie, of the Richmond Enquirer, a son of N% s oli of t°, of the Union, and Mr. Hamilton Plea ling the former editor of the Richmond Whig. 0 Of eh h °R s , the affray arose from some newspaper eh t o 'b B !veral shots were made, and then resort NAz ea , 4 hWie knives. Mr. Pleasants was dreadfully I i7ther : I ' d was reported to be dead. ne a t aßeatructive fire had occurred at Vicksburgh, I Atb '"enlphis, Tenessee. i te. gt s..--.Is o N EW YORK MARKET. t s , dolls. 12ic. ; and Pearls, 4 dolls. 1t e•nt. 11 ttt 'lri, -- 21 %1 0t much businese doing. Western is held ' t ti 5 d o `Ti e tu 8 doll s . 56 f e.; and Sout h ern at 5 d o ll s. ti,,,, „,..,2ise. ...rill business dein. 1 THE OREGON QUESTION. When the Oambria left Boston on the Ist inst. it was known that the Senate of the United States had adjourned the debate on the abrogation of the Oregon convention to the 2d of March ; but thet e wee no doubt that Mr. Colcoitt's resolutions would be carried by a large majority in that assembly. These resolutions are substantially the same as those adopted by the House of Representatives, although in a more qualified form ; but they express with greater energy an " earnest desire that this long- standing controversy may be settled by negotiation and compromise." In fact, they impose upon the Cabinet of the United States the duty of re-opening the negotiations on such terms as may convince the American people that a sincere attempt has been made to effect a peaceful settlement of the dispute ; and we 8111ce cerely hope these terms may be admissible by England. Mr. Allen, however, in the course of the debate, declared that the President's views and determination to assert his title to the whole territory up to 54 deg, 40 min. had undergone no change. On the part of the Bri tish Minister, Mr. Pakenham, no fresh overture has been made. Whatever may be the motives which induce the Congress of the United States to vote the abrogation of the convention of 1827 for the joint occupancy of the Oregon ter ritory, we are chiefly concerned to examine the effect of that measure on the relative rights of the two claimants. As soon as the Senate shall have concurred in these resolutions, and the President proceed, as he undoubtedly will, to give the notice, the whole question will assume a new shape, or rather it will revert to the condition in which it stood before ever the conventions of 1818 and of 1837 were thought of, that condition being only modified by the actual settlements in the country made under the specific protection of these very instruments. It may, we think, be demonstrated by strict reasoning that the abrogation of these conventions under the present circumstances of the two Powers in Oregon, mate rially weakens the claims of the United States, and as ma terially strengthens our rights. Under the agreement which the Americans are resolved to cancel, two kinds of claims have existed: the first conventional, which were on the footing of strict equality; the second claims of settlement, which depend on the relative extent of occupation by either party. If the convention be annulled, the conventional privileges of the Americans, which were equal to our own, cease and determine, as far as we are concerned; their right is reduced to a mere abstract title ; whilst we stand upon the British rights of occupation, sanctioned by all the arguments in support of our claim, and especially by the treaty of 1790 with Spain. The settlements of the Hud son's Bay Company in the Oregon territory have been made under a right recognised by these conventions ; but the right existed before the conventions, and the settlements, with all the rights accruing to their founders, will subsist after them. Dr. Twiss, in his most interesting and elaborate survey of the whole question, points out the passage of Vattel by which such a case must be determined. " If," says that great authority, "two or more nations discover and take possession of an island or any other desert land without an owner, they ought to agree between themselves and make an equitable partition; but, if they cannot agree, each will have the right of empire and domain in the parts in which they first settled." In this particular case, the effect of occu pation and priority of settlement as conferring sovereignty is snore than usually decisive. For the right of fish ing, landing for the purpose of trade with the natives, and of making settlements, having been formally secured to Spain and to England by the treaty of 1790, the settlements made in pursuance of that right by either Power became absolute possessions of the Crown. Let us now ascertain, from an unquestionable witness, Mr. Greenhow himself, the champion of the American claims, what the relative import ance of these settlements is. He observes that the difficulty of the negotiation undertaken in 1826 had been materiall increased since 1818— " By the great inequality which had been produced in the relative positions of the two parties as regards actual occu pation. After the union of the two great North American companies in 1821, and the establishment of civil and cri minal jurisdiction throughout their territories, the Hudson's Bay Company became a powerful body ; its resources were no longer wasted in disputes with a rival association ; its re gulations were enforced; its operations were conducted with security and efficiency ; and encouragement was afforded for the extension of its posts and communications by the assurance that the honour of the Government was thereby more strongly engaged in its support. M a ny o f these po s t s were fortified, and could be defended by their inmates—men inured to dangers and hardships of all kinds—against any attacks which might be apprehended; and thus, in a few years, the whole region north and north-west of the United States, from Hudson's Bay and Canada to the Pacific, parti cularly the portion traversed by the Columbia and its branches ' was occupied, in a military sense, by B r iti s h f orces , although there was not a single British soldier, strictly speaking, within its limits. " The — tlnited States, on the other hand, possessed no es• tablishments and exercised no authority or jurisdiction what ever beyond the Rocky Mountains; and the number of their citizens in that whole territory did not, probably, exceed two hundred." Such is the American account of the state of the district in 1826, when Mr. Gallatin proposed as his ultimatum the cession by England of the territory up to the 49th parallel. Nor is it now materially altered. Two or three thousand American emigrants have formed a village on one of the southern tributaries of the Colambia; but neither their means nor their objects extend to any command of territory beyond the valley of the Willamette. They have an undoubted right to form such settlements under the convention ; but they owe the means of completing their journey across the vast and rugged wilderness to the liberality and hospitality of the agents of the Hudson's Bay Company. Captain Fremont, who conducted the United States exploring expedition be yond the Rocky Mountains in 1843, attests the fact. On arriving at Fort Nez Force, a British post situated at the confluence of the river Wallawalla and the Columbia, he ob served that at this point, which is just 2,000 miles overland From the western frontier of the state of Missouri, the emi grants who arrive by the South Pass and from the valley of the Mississippi may embark on the broad stream of the west. He himself and the heads of the emigrants there at the same time were hospitably entertained by Mr. Mackinley, the com mander of the post. At Fort Vancouver, Captain. Fremont was received with the greatest courtesy by Dr. M'Laughlin, the executive officer of the Hudson's Bay Company in the territory west of the Rocky Mountains, and the expedition was furnished with all necessary supplies. He adds— " I found many American emigrants at the fort; others had already crossed into their land of promise —the Wallah mette Valley. Others were daily arriving, and all of them had been furnished with shelter, to far as it could be afforded by the buildings connected with the establishment. Neces sary clothing and provisions (the latter to be afterwards re turned in kind from the produce of their labour) were also furnished. This friendly assistance was of very great value to the emigrants, whose families were otherwise exposed to much suffering in the winter rains; at the same time, they were in want of all the common necessaries of life. Those who bad driven their stock down the Columbia had brought them safely in, and found for them a ready market, and were already proposing to return to the States in the spring for another rupply." We quote these facts, which are given on American official authority, because it is impossible to place the relative im portance of the British and American settlements in the ter ritory in stronger contrast. In fact, if the emigrants from the United States had not been liberally and humanely as sisted and protected by the British agents, they would pro bably have perished miserably , on that bleak shore, beyond the reach of all human aid. But what is the return the in stigators of the American people propose to make for these offices of humanity? What effect has this information, offi cially presented to Congress, upon the deliberations of the Legislature? It only incites them to endeavour to expel their benefactors from the country, and to wrest from the Hudson's Bay Company those very forts which have sheltered their own emigrants from the hardships of the wilderness. No appeals have been made to public opinion or to Parliament by the Hudson's Bay Company, pro probably because that body feels sufficiently strong in its own resources and in the resolution of the Government. Bat a stronger case for public interest and support we have never known. A great trading company enters upon the enjoy ment of certain rights secured by a treaty between the Crowns of Spain and England, with the full sanction of royal charters and Acts of Parliament; it occupies a vast uninhabited region, where settlement was all that was needed to assert and establish indefeasible rights of dominion ; it exercises those rights with so little jealousy, that even the emigrants from the rival state are housed within its walls and supplied from its magazines. It has organised the sole system of regular communication and traffic that the present state of the northern parts of America admits of. All this has been going on actively for the last quarter of a century, and less actively ever since 1790; when suddenly, by the mere will and pleasure of a democratic community, whose nearest possessions are distant 2,000 miles of land travel, this Company and the power it represents are summoned to evacuate, surrender, and renounce their forts, their posts, their settlements, the navigation of the rivers, the possession of the country, and to retire beyond the 54th parallel of latitude. Such a cession of territory would at once paralyze the whole operations of the Company and the north-western coast. Yet, such is the extraordinary perversion of public opinion in America on this subject, that we are expected to abandon a title, supported by effectual occupation, in favour of another title, which rests upon no superior legal claims. and is backed by no occupation whatever ! As soon as no tice of the abrogation of the treaty of 1827 is given, we trust that no mere formalities will deter the British Govern ment from informing the Cabinet of Washington and the world what are the definitive claims of this country, and what are the concessions England is prepared to make. Nothing is gained by the secrecy•f diplomacy in tr,qttingwith the United States, because public opinion in that country is the last arbiter of the national policy, and the Government has shown itself less disposed to peace than the more enlightened part of the community. 'Whatever be the proposals of the American Executive, we must trust to the fairness of our own views, to our abilty to defend the ground on which we stand, and to the magnitude of the alternative. But, as we observed more than two months ago, in an article which has been much discussed in the United States, we cannot ac quiesce in the surrender of positive long-enjoyed benefits; and the navigation of the Columbia, the harbour of St. Juan de Fuca, and Vancouver's Island, are included in those we undoubtedly and rightfully possess.—Times. THE POLISH INSURRECTION. -- --- The followi ng l et t er WAS addressed by Major-General Collin to the Directing Senate of Cracow, in reply to the proposals which were made to him on the morning of the 3d instant : " PODGCMZE, MAucrt 3.--Whereas the rebels have eva cuated Cracow, and whereas the inhabitants of that town, in which no Government is in actual operation at the present moment, have claimed the protection of the three great Powers, for the defence of their persons and property ; I hereby declare that I consent to grant them such protection, under the express stipulation that it shall only be provisional, and that it shall continue only until such time as the three great Powers have come to some definitive decision. This protection shall be granted on the following con ditions ; " Firstly. The town of Cracow shall deliver up to me all the rebel ringleaders now within its walls, and shall point out to me the places in which they are concealed. " Secoadly. All the inhabitants to lay down their arms ; and, by the sth of March, at twelve o'clock precisely, all the arms in the town, of every description whatsoever, must be given up and deposited within the castle, where a com mission appointed by me will receive them. " Thirdly. Whosoever shall be found with arms in his pos session duruig the period of my rcmaining at Cracow, shall be tried by a council of war within twenty-four hours. The proprietor of any house in which arms may be found shall undergo tb4 same trial. " Fourthly. The present sendte of Cracow is appointed under the presictence of Senator Kopf to carry on the internal affairs of the town, and to superintend the territory of Cra cow, until the three high protecting Powers shall have come to some dolnite decision." _ _ into the town, and hailed him with joyful acclamation:" The Austrians found that the castle and the priheipal guard. houses of the town were already occupied by a small detach , the& of Russian troops.. The armed bands of the insurgents; when they evacuated GraioW; before the Rtalian and Ans. trian trobpe had marched into the town, took refuge in the western territory of the republic. Being pursued by the Austrian and Russian cavalry, they surrendered at discre tion, and 800 men gave themselves up to the Prussian com. mandaut. The troops Were assembled together on the fron tiers of Prussian Silesia. The Prussian officer ordered the insurgents at once to be disarmed, &tad they were forthwith incarcerated in Prussian fortresses. PRIASIAN SILESIA—PLESSE, MARCH 4.—On the 3d inst. a number of Polish ecclesiastics, secular and regular, passed through Bialu, under a military escort. They were taken to Austrian Silesia. The Gallician families who had fled to the frontier are returning to their homesteads. This morn ing ten pieces of artillery passed through Bialu, where a large number of troops are at present concentrated. I'RUSSIAN SILESIA.••••NICOLAI, MARCH s.—This morning, at eight o'clock, six hundred and eighty insurgents arrived here, escorted by a body of cavalry and infantry. When the dragoons and hussars were about to attack them yesterday, they laid down their arms. Amongst these insurgents are to be found the flower of the Polish youth. I hear that they all declare that they would far prefer to live under the Prussian Government than submit to the Russian yoke. The cavalry, artillery, and 10th regiment of infantry conkinued their march towards Cracow, where they will arrive to -S morrow or the day after. Some few of the prisoners appear in good spirits, but the great majority of them are heart broken, and mourn over their country like a child who has lost its parents. Whilst they were marching to Nicolai the chief of the insurgents met his mother and sisters, who had come forth to take a lingering look at him as he passed on to his prison. Many an eye among the rude soldiery glistened with those drops which sacred pity engenders, at witnessing the heartfelt sorrow caused by this meeting. It is said that there are three ecclesiastics amongst the prisoners. What will be the fate of the Polish insurgents is not yet known ; certain it is, however, that the submission was only accepted on condition that the submission was to Prussia, Russia, and Austria, collectivelv.—Cologne Gazette, March 12. PRUSSIAN SILESIA—BRESLAU, MARCH 6.—One of the divisions of the insurgents, when they evacuated Cracow, proceeded towards Gallicia, and marched, it is said, to Wiliezka. Perhaps they thought that they would be able to hold out longer in that stronghold and hotbed of the Gal lician revolt. It was generally imagined that the whole body of the insurgents, on leaving Cracow, would have fled to the high mountains of Gallicia, where they would have been joined by the Goral mountaineers, by whose assistance they would have been able to carry on a guerilla warfare for a long time. Had they taken this step, they could also have opened a communication with Hungary. Another division of the insurgents professed to surrender to the Prussians. It is obvious that at Cracow public opinion is so strongly in favour of the Prussian form of government, that a very strong desire exists that Cracow should be incorporated with Prussia. This circumstance may, perhaps, introduce some complications into the forthcoming diplomatic negotiations. —Cologne Gazette, March 12. PILSCHEN, MARCH 3.—Some travellers inform us that Russia is concentrating a large body of troops in several places in Poland. At Vroklavek there are eight thousand men, and the lines all along the Polish frontier are kept by Cossacks and Gensdarmes. Precautionary measures are also being taken in the interior of the country. It is said that the Treasury was attacked at Mezi-Bronno, but that the attack was unsuccessful.— Voss Gazette, March 9. PRUSSIAN SILESIA—GLEWITZ, MARcii 7.—The Polish in surrection virtually terminated, when the remainder of the insurgents, amounting to seven hundred men, placed them selves under the protection of Prussia, and laid down their arms. The insurgents passed by here yesterday on their way to Kosel, escorted by two companies of the 25th regi ment. The nobility and gentry among the insurgents seemed to bear their misfortunes with equanimity, but the lower orders appeared as if overwhelmed with sorrow. The insurgents are now dispersed, and the territory of Cracow is occupied by the Prussian, Russian, and Austrian troops.— Berlin Universal Gazette, March 11. The Post "inapt Gazette, of Frankfort, has the following from Coblentz, dated the 10th :—" The reserve of the army and the landwher of the Rhenish provinces, have been called out, in consequence of the events in Poland. On Sunday the commandant formally announced this on parade, and a superior officer stated that the third corps of the regular troops would be put on the war establishment, and called into active service. It was reported yesterday that M. de Thiel and General de Canitz had been called to Berlin by telegraph." The same journal states that on the 3d, 2,500 insurgents, who occupied Cracow, left the city in two divi sions, one of which moved towards Gallicia, and the other into Russian Poland. A Berlin letter of the Bth, in a Frankfort journal, states that the three protecting Powers will keep up theiforce which had been sent into the Polish provinces, until the revolt is entirely put down. Prussia, Austria, and Russia will, it adds, act with the greatest leniency towards the individuals who have been led to take part in the movement, but will adopt the severest measures against the leaders of the revolt. The Universal German Gazette states that a noble lady, who enjoyed the special favour of the Queen, had arrived at Berlin on the 7th, at the head of a deputation of ladies of the Grand Duchy of Posen, to implore the clemency of his Majesty. After hailing dispatched the above letter, General:Collin ordered the bridge over the Vistula to be immediately recon structed. Whilst the bridge was being repaired, towards four o'clock in the afternoon, several Russian staff officers, accompaiet I by a corps of the Techerkeses, cr i me to the head quarters at rodgerze, and announced ti,at a considerable Russian force was marching upon the torn. On receiving this intelligence Ger Aeral Collin immediately m ar ch e d into Cracow, followed by 'tour companies of infantry, a division of light cavalry, and . the Cracow militia. " Large ergs of the helpless flor;04 around hint as he marched THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVEN ENG MARCH 16, 1846. PRICE of POTATOES in IRELAND. By order of the Honourable the House of Commons, a return has been issued " of the highest price of pota tees in the various markets in Ireland, per bushel and stone, in the week ending the 24th day of January, for the last seven years (from 1840 to 1846 inclusively), as well as they can be ascertained." From the printed copy of this return we subjoin a few random gleanings, which cannot but speak for the urgency of the position of our fellow-countrymen. The following figures, in deed, are more eloquent than the most forcible rhetorical flourishing could be : Highest Price, per stone, Week ending Jan. 24. 1840. 1846. ANTRIM d. d. . Antrim ... ... 3 ... 5 Ballymoney... ... 2 ••• 5 Belfast ... ... 3 ... 6. Cushendall ... . . 2 ... 4 Lisburn ... ... 24 ... 6 ARMAGH. Crossmaglen ... 54 Keady ... ... 24 ... 6 Tanderagee ... 24 ' 5 CARLOW. Tullow ... ... 2 CAVAN. Bailieborough ... 24 ... 4 Ballybaise ... ... 24 ... 3 1 Cootehill ... ... 14 ... 44. .. Stradone ... ... 14 ... 4 CLARE. Ballyvaugban ... 2 3 Kilrush ... ... 2 Miltown Malboy ... 14 ... 3 Scariff ... ... 2t ... 3 Tulla • 2 . •• ••• .. 3 CORK. Ballincolig ... ... 24 ... 54 Middleton ... ... 4 ... 6 Newmarket ••• 3 ••• 34 Rathcormac ... 2/ ... 4 DONEGAL, Ardara ... ... 14 ... 3 Creeslagh ... ... 2 ••• 34 Dungloe ... ... 1 ••• 3 Glenties ... ... 1 ... 3 Movi , le ... ... 2 ... 4 Raphoe ... ... 2 ... 3 DOWN. Banbridge ... ... 3 ... 5 I)onaghadee ••• 24 ... 4 Kircubbin ... ... 24 ... 4 Portaferry ... ... 3 - ... 4 Saintfield ... ... 3 ... 5} DUBLIN. Balbriggan ... ... 4 ... 6 Ballylohill ... ... 5 ... 6i Clontarf ... ... 4 6 Howth ... ... 31 ... 6i Skerries ... ... 3 ... 6 Tallaght ... ... 4 ... 6 FERMANAGH. Edenderry 2 ... 3 Kesh Maguire's-bridge ... 2 ... 4 Newton-butler ... 2 ... 4 GALWAY. Ahaserah ... 3 ... 4 Ballinasloe 3} ... 4f Portumna ... 3 ... 4 Galway ... .. 3 ... 4f Tuam 2 ... 4 Williamstown ... 2 .. 4f KERRY. Dingle ••• ••• 2 ... 4 Listowel ... 2 ... 4 Miltown 2 ... 3. Tralee ••• ••• 3 ... 4 KILDARE. Athy ... ... 3i ... 4 Kilcock ... ... 3 ... 4 Naas ... ... 3 ... 4 4 liobertstown ... 3f ... 4i KILKENNY. Callan ••• ••• 2-1 1 ... 3 Castlecomer ... li ... 4 Graigue ..• ••• 3 ... 3 Kilkenny ... ... 3i ... 4 KING'S. Clara ••• ••• 2 ... 4 Edenderry ... ... 3 ... 4 Philipstown ... ... 3 ... 3 LEITRIM. Ballinamore... ... 2i ... 3} Garrigallen 2 ... 3 Mohill If ... 3i LIMERICK. Adare ••• ••• 3} ... 3 Castleconell . . 4 .. 4 Croom 31 ... 3 Limerick ... ... 4 ••• 4 Rathkeale 21 ... 3 LONDONDERRY. Castledawson ... 2 ... Kilrea 4 Magherafelt ...I ... 4 LONGFORD. 13 allym ah on ... 2 ... 4 Granard ... ... 2 ... 3 Longford ......31 ... 4 LOUTH. Ardee Dundalk ... ... 24 ... 5 Louth ... ... 2f ... 41 MAYO. Ballinrobe ... ... 21 ... 3 Hollymount • • • 2 . • • 4 Shruel ... ... 3 ... 34 MEATH. At hboy ... ... 21 ... 4 Kells ... ... 14 ... 41 Navan 3 • . • 6 Trim ... ... 3 ... 5 MONAGHAN. Ballybay ... ... 3 ... 44 Clones ... ... 2f ... 4 Drum ••• ••• 24- ••• 4/ QUEEN'S. Abbeyleix ... 11 ... 4 Mountrath ... 41 Stradbally ... 2 ... 34 ROSCOMMON. Cas tlerea . . ... 2 ... I} Ruskey ... ... 14 ... 31 SLIGO. Ballaghy ... ... 2 . . 3 Coolany ... ... 2i ... 3 E ask ey ... ... lf ... 3 TIPPERARY. Borrisokane ... 21 ... 3 Newport ... ... 3 ... 4 Roscrea ... ... Thurlea ... ... 24 .. 21 TYRONE. Caledon ... ... 2f .. 5 Clogher ... ... 3 .. 44 Fintona .. ... 3 .. 3f WATERFORD. Ardmore ... ... 2 Lismore .•• ... 2 .. 5 Waterford ... . . 34 .. 4 WESTMEATH. Castlepollard ... 24 ... 4 Kilbeggan ... ... 3 ••• 4 Mullingar .. ... 3/ ... 44 WEXFORD. Enniscorthy ••• 3 ... 5 New Ross ... ... 31 ..• 41 Wexford ... ... 3 ••• 44 WICKLOW. Blessinton ... ... 3 ... 4 Bray ... ••• 3f ... 5 Wicklow ... ... 3 ... 4 In a note appended to the official catalogue the In spector-General remarks—" It is represented, &c., that the present low prices in some instances are attributable to the anxiety of the farmers to dispose of their potatoes before they become diseased ; others refer low prices to disease already commenced." In either case the ulti mate as well as the present effect must be most injurious. If immediate and active measures be not employed we dread to reflect upon the futurity in store for Ireland. APPALLING AFF/IR.—On Friday last, as Some per sons were engaged in clearing a barn near East Paul, in the parish of Chivelstone, ithey found the body of a woman which bad been shockingly mutilated by rats. The face and breast were disfigured in a most shocking manner. It appears that the deceased person was the granddaughter of one Philip Elliott, formerly of Chivelstone, who died at Brixham some months ago. The poor creature was in consequence deprived of her only earthly friend, and was returning to her own place, when from fatigue she was anable to proceed further than the barn, near which she was met by a person named Crimp. The deceased was at the time carrying her shoes, being un able to walk with them any longer. A post morfem examination of the body took place, when it was found that deceased died from ex haustion and inanition, there being nothing of aliment found in the stomach. Report states that she had made application for relief to a certain parish, but was refused. Inquiry will be made, and if this is found to be the case, the parties shall not escape the punishment due to their conduct Western Times. SIR JOHN COPE'S FOX-HOUNDS.—A SERIES OF " BLANKS."—The Marquis of Downshire, the Flarl of Rosslyn, Major-General Wemyss, and a very numerous field (upwards of two hundred) were at the meet on Saturday, which t, wk plea() at War field Park, the seat of Sir John Walsh, the Member for the county of Radnor. The covers of Sir John were first drawn, lint, unfortunately blank. Miss Ferand's covers at Ascot-place, Wi' aktleld, were next drawn, with no better success. The pack wall then taken to the the e ve o r ce s autpaStwioinnloefy,hwishinchoywidereindgrhnawness a l la r c i l liee blanY l er point, but the same result followed. Th e hound. ; were then taken across the Forest to Caesar's Camp, a distance o f : four miles, drawing all the covers in the line of route ; but nothing in the shape of a fox was either seen or heard of. The p ack was thee taken back to the it t wuPaiseYthe Park, neat kennel, and the field dispersed, after one of the) blankest days this season ; indeed a worse could not have beer t under aay circum- tea of spontaneous taken o place in s con ing seq ta u n c ace of fibrous 'nate stances. CAUTION AS TO POTATO STO SING.-Professor store ariealyth ' potatoes. In one ease at labourer at Hitchin, o rillitin b ea s isn e it r slib vi enw n in g hg t ac h u T n t dg :o thun m ne e potatoes intended for seed w Pre sprouting, stored two bushels in perfectly dry bean-dust, the re ft tse after thrashing and removing the stalks ; but the moisture f re,m the potatoes so saturated the bean-dust, that it heated and beerier e charred ; some of the potatoes were half reasted, and had it remrdr ,ed unnoticed a few days longer the cottage would probably have - be an burnt down. In the other case, Mr. Joseph Rand, of Handleigla, :in October last, laid up a quantity of potatoes in a small chamber of It is malt-house, care fully packed in layers with dry "malt dust," whi ch falls through the kiln tiles. About. a fortnight ago the Excise offl,c era, in making their inspection, lighted upon this heap, and happen] rag to stir it up. found the interior in a state approaching to ignition. the potatoda par boiled, or half baked, and the malt-dust pate fatly charred. Imme diate steps were taken to remove the heap ; the t potatoes being chiefly rotten, were thrown away, and the malt-dust was laid on another of the same material, to be carried upon the lanet.; but in a short time it heated again so powerfully, that no time was lost in removing it from the premises, the walls and floor of `al tieh had been visibly affected by the heat. On Saturday morning Miss Tunsti dl, the vocalist, formerly of Vauxhall -gardens, where she was 1 t great favourite for many years, expired very suddenly at her reels fence in Wellington street, Newington-causeway. FANCY FAIR IN THE THAMES TUNNEL —A fancy fair, to celebrate the third anniversary of the opening , of this undertaking, is announced to be held in tue tunnel on the 211 d instant (Monday next), and the three following days. Extensive preparations are already being made to carry out the affair with s•reat splendour. The general subscriptions in Paris in favour cf the Poles amounted on Thursday to 25,060 f., and that at the Chamber or Deputies to 5,000 f., making a total of about 33,0001: RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, 3LuecB 14. STOCK Excluxns —Tile sales are—Cheshire and Birkenhead, 52 Eastern Counties, Perpetual (No. 2), 7—Ditto, York Extension, 12s. 6d.—Edinburgh and Glasgow, Halves, 6% p —Ditto, New, 5 p. —Grand Junction, 214 ex new—Ditto, Eighths, 13% p.—Ditto, 401. Shares (L. 31.), p.—London and Birmingham, Quarters, 25 p.— Manchester and Birmingham, Quarters (B), 81p.—Ditto (C), 7 p.— Manchester and Bury, Extension, 2% p.—Sheffield and Manchester, 119—Ditto, Quarter Shares, (No. 2) 4 p.—Ditto, ditto (No. 3), Scrip. 2 % —South-Eastern and Dover, Halves, % p.—Dublin and Belfast Junction, 2% dis.—Great Grimsby Doak, ss. dis.—Great Grimsby and Sheffied, Quarters, ss. p.—Ditto, Extension, par— Huddersfield Canal and Railway, 4 p.—Hudclerstleid and Sheffield Junction, 9 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, par —Liverpool and Bury, 14% p. —Ditto, New Shares, 2% p.—Shrewsbury, Oswastry, and Cheshire, par—Goole and Doncaster, p. —London and York, 1 p.—Sheffield and Lincoln, 151. p.—Direct Northern, 7s. 6d. dis.—Glasgow and Dumfries, 15s. dis.Liverpool,Ormskirk, and Preston, 538. 9d. Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 31( p.—Boston, Newark, and Sheffield, 1% dis.—Derby and Crewe, 3% p. —East Lincolnshire, 55. p.—Grand Union, 7s. 6d. dis.—Leicester and Bed ford, 7s. 6d. dis.—Liverpool and Leeds Direct, % dis.—Matlock and Midland Junction, 1% p. —Mold Junction, 1% dis.—Newry and War renpoint, p.—Northumberland. and; Lancaster, 1% dis.—North Staffordshire, p.—North Western 15s. p.— Oxford and Birming ham Junction, 12s.:6d.—Shrewsbury and Herefordshire, 5 dis. —West Riding Union, 2% p.—Dutch Rhenish, 1% p. —Paris and Lyons, Con stituted p. MANCHESTER, Dimwit 14. STOCK Excnateoz.—The sales are —Blackburn, Darwen, and 801.,0n, .,on, par— Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 24f P. — Chester and Manchester. Direct, 275. dis. —East Lancashire, No. 2, 3 3 p.—Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction, Quarters, IA dis.— Hudderstield and Sheffield Junction, p..—Leeds an I Thirsk, par —Le'cester and Birmingham, % dis.—Hudderstleld and Manches ter Railway and Canal, 4 p.—Liverpool and Leeds Direct, dis.— Li verpool and Bury, 12— Manchester and Birmingham, Quarters (C), p.—Ditto, Quarters (A), 7;zi p.—East Lancashire, No. 1,3% p. —Manchester, Midland, and Grimsby, 14 dis.—North Staffordshire, 9-16 p. c.—North Western, 11-16 p.—Preston and Wyre, Halves (B), 20s. p.—Sheffield and Lincolnshire,l% p.—Sheffield, Leek, and Crewe, dis.--Manchester and Birmingham, 77 1 4 West Riding Union, 2% p.—South Eastern and Dover, Half Shares, % p.—Man chester and Southampton, par—Lancaster and Preston, 9 p.—Shrop shire Union, % die.—South Midland, 1% p. LEEDS, MARCH 14. STOCK ExcasNex.--The sales are—Manchester and Leeds, Ex.. tensions, 3% p. —Hudderefhld and Sheffield, 7% p.—Leeds and Dews bury, 6% p. cash—Ditto, New Branches, 2% p.—Newcastle and Berwick, 1914—North British, Half Shares, 21i p.—London and York, 31. U.—Glasgow and Dumfries, 11. 18s.—West Riding Union, 41. 19s.—Birkenhead, Chester, Mold, &c., 275. 6d. dis.—Bradford, Wakefield, and Midland, 15s.—Leeds, York, and Midland, 21s. dis. —Leicester and Bedford,:7a. 6d. dis.—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 345. p.—North Western, Its. 6d. p. SHEFFIELD, Melton 14. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—London and York, 31i — Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 11. 9s. 6d.—Manchester and Lincoln Union and Canal, 11. 18s.—Sheffield and Lincolnshire, 21. Ile. 6d. —Sheffield, Buxton, Leek, Potteries, and Crewe, %j-West Riding Union, 4%. _ . COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert, the Duchess of Kent, the Ladies and Gentlemen of the Court, and the do mestic household, attended Divine service yesterday morning in the Private Chapel, Buckingham Palace. The sermon was preached by the Bishop of London, and the prayers were read by the Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Cour tenay. Her Majesty and her Royal Consort took their accus tomed early walk yesterday. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, - the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken their usual airings yesterday in the royal gardens. Sir Robert Peel had an audience of the 'Queen on Saturday. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited her Majesty. The Queen and Prince Albert walked in the royal gardens on Saturday forenoon. The Prince afterwards rode out on horseback, attended by Sir Edward Bowater. Her R )3 , 231 Highness the Princess Royal was taken an airing on Saturlay. Th royal dinner party at Buckingham Palace, on Sa turday, included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Sutherland, Lady Caroline Leveson Gower, Lady Fanny Howard, Baroness de Speth, the Earl of Lincoln, the Earl and Countess of Deltwarr, the Right Hon Sir George Cockburn, Sir George Couper, Bart., and Captain F:ancis Seymour. Her Majesty and Prince Albert did Messrs. Hunt and Roskell the honour of inspecting, on Saturday, the jewels they have just completed for her Royal Highness Princess Sophia, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Saxony; also the piece of plate presented to his Excellency M. de Lisboa, and the magnificent silver candelabrum, part of a service of plate now finishing for his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Russia. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness were pleased to express their approbation. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited the Duchess of. Gloucester yesterday, at Gloucester House. Their Royal. Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge honoured the Italian Opera with their pre sence, on Saturday evening. Dispatches from the Governor-General of Canada, and also from the Governors of the other North Ameri can provinces, were received yesterday at the Colonial office. _ The Duke of Wellington, Lord G. Paulet, and Sir Frederick Trench attended the early service yesterday in the Chapel Royal St. James's. The Rev. Dr. Wesley officiated, and preached the sermon at the daily service ; the Bishop of Salisbury preached the sermon, and the Rev. Dr. Sleath officiated it the communion service. The anthem, " 0 God, thou art my God" (Greene), was sung by Messrs. Bennet and Bradbery. Mr. Turle pre sided at the organ. The Marquises of Anglesey and Northampton, Earl and Countess Delawarr, Earl and Countess St. Germans, Lords Palmerston, Cantalupe, Ingestre, Hatherton, and Foley were among the nobility present. The following are the Lent Preachers at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, for this present week : Sunday, March 15—Lord Bishop of Salisbury. Wednesday, March 18—Dr. Wesley. Friday, March 20—Dean of Lincoln, Mr. Ward. The Ecclesiastical Commissimers for England had a Committee•meeting on Saturday afternoon, at the office in Whitehall-place. There were present the Bishop of London, the Bishop of Oxford, the Earl of Bessborough, and the Right Hon. H. Hobhouse. INTERMENT IN PROTESTANT CHURCHYARDS. (From the Dublin Evening Post.) An occurrence took place this morning, in St. Cathe rine's Churchyard, which appears to us deserving of severe r.'prension and public exposure. Arrangements had been made for the interment of a highly respectable citizen, the late Surgeon Roney, of Kildare-street, in the burial-ground of that church, where many mem bers of his family have found their last resting place. As the deceased !gentleman was a Catholic, his rela tions were anxious that a clergyman of that communion should attend the funeral, and read the burial service at purpose, as the law requires it, the ap grave.plicati application Fur this amade yesterday to the rector, the Rev. H. Hurst, for the necessary permis sion. This form having been complied with, and no refusal having been given, a Catholic clergyman accor dingly attended this morning ; but just as he was about to commence the solemn office, the sexton, or some other underling of the rector, made - his way amongst the rela tives and friends of the deceased, crowded around the grave, and served the following notice : " To the Minister or Priest about to officiate at the fa- neral of -- Roney, Esq. " I hereby warn you that if any religious services, otherwise than those of the Church of England and Ire• land be performed in my church-yard by any one than an ordained minister of the church, and according to the rites of the Established Church, I will take legal pro ceedings against you." " H. HunsT, Rector of St. Catherine's, Dublin. " March 11, 1846." This insulting and unnecessarily offensive proceeding caused the deepest indignation amongst the relatives and friends of the deceased. If permission had been refused yesterday, the interment would have taken place without the Catholic service, or the remains of Surgeon Roney would, probably, have been consigned to one of the Catholic burial-grounds. But, the feeling was na tural that his ashes should mingle with those of his family in the same burial•ground ; and it never could have been contemplated, when a day had elapsed after the application to the rector, that such an outrage upon the feelings of his relatives, and the sanctity of the grave, would have been attempted. It is thus, however, that the Established Church in Ireland confronts the Catholics of this country at every turn, and renders it impossible for them to forget, for an instant, the power s till conferred on that Church by the law to insult the people with its arrogant ascendancy, even at the brink of the grave. Such mementos, at such a place, have a most salutary tendency—they remind the people of one of their most intolerable social and politi cal grievances. The Protestant incumbents of Dublin have already lost a large revenue since the establishment of the Ca tholic cemeteries. The exhibition in Catherine's church yard, this day, must strengthen the repugnance of Ca tholics to incur similar insults to themselves and their clergy for the future. MURDER IN Sf. LUKE'S. -- - Yesterday morning (Sunday), at the early hour of three o'clock, the immediate neighbourhood of Golden-lane, St. Luke's, was the scene of great excitement, in consequence of the following occurrence, which was attended with fatal results to an unfortunate woman, named Mary Murray, a widow. It appears that at the hour above-mentioned, the unfor tunate deceased was, together with several other persons, in a house in George -yard, Golden-lane—one of those sinks of iniquity so common in that district, termed private gin houses-1p which spirits are retailed after the regular taverns and public-houses are closed. Whilst there a young man, named Martin Jennings, a bricklayer's labourer, went in, and after conversing with the deceased, called for a quartern of gin. Upon taking hi s money out o f hi s poc k e t he said he bad lost a shilling, and accused the deceased of having picked his pocket. The allegation was denied by the woman, high words ensued, and Jennings struck the deceased on the face with great violence. Some of the people in the place tried to reconcile them, but the deceased still persisting that she had not taken the money, Jennings gave her another dreadful blow over the eye. The deceased than made for the door, and, having gained the court, was in the act of escap ing to Golden-lane, when she was overtaketi by Jennings, who again struck her a violent blow on the temples, which• knocked the poor creature down upon her back, her head striking the wall of a dust-hole as she fell. Some of the persons present perceiving that the deceased appeared to be in a state of insensibility, raised an alarm, when Mrs. Tye, the owner of the house in which the affray commenced, eacae nfomoeoruttoote woman,taorendera life ssistanca, e . Upon lifting ebbing, and of th and she was laid in the dust-hole p e layhP4 6 :a t r m d to b information fast tioo was conveyed to the police. 3lr. Inspector Tierney, upon being made acquainted with what had happened, sent a number of constables with the stretcher to convey the in jured woman to Featherstone-street !dab:An-house ; and upon her arrival there, she was immediat!ly attended to by , ho i t d o u a t l that beneficialth e n a- t M o r r e . ,bather, thethero, a t s h o e li, d_i o v o i l s d i o permit r g o et;en but any effect, for she expired shortly. after her :Omission. The body was at a subsequent hour of the day removed to St. Luke's workhouse, where it will remain Ingil the coroner's inquest is held. The police, without loss of time, went in search of Jen nings, and succeeded in apprehending him in the neighbour hood. He was forthwith conveyed to the station-house, when the charge of having caused the deceased's death was en tered against him. He was locked up in one of the cells and constables placed therein to watch hir n. He still per sists in stating that the decased had robbe d him. He says, that whilst she was sitting on his knee she placed her hand in his pocket and abstracted the shilling. It is stated that the deceased has left times children. The prisoner, we understand, is a single man. Majesty's Thi >etre, on Satur- Highs less the Duchess Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of their rp Royalrese nt at her of Gloucester, attended by Baron Knesbeck , the Dukes of Wellington and Montrose, the Marquises cr f Huntley, Fal mouth, Douro, Palacino, and Granby, the Marchioness of Douro, the Earls of M almsbur y , C lare, Fabal ouch, Lonsdale, Munster, and Harrington, Cows t Kiel m ansep ;w,e, the Countesses of Harrington, Essex, Malniesbury,Egmon t, and Beauchamp, their Excellencies Ba ron and B aroness B run now , Baron Dedel Baron de Wudoff, Lord s Cantilope, Aylmer„ Auckland, Afford , W. Graham, Lennox, Seymour, and Dundo field, Ladies Free mantle, Wellesley, Pollington, Alford, H. u 'ebster, Goldsmidt, E. Bruce, Duffrin, Dundonald, Hon. O. Ti der, the Lord and Lady Mayoress, Alderman Johnstone and Lady, Hon. Mrs, Pitt, Sir H. Webb, IT. Willoughby, , T. lir ire, F. French, W. Abdy, J. Lowther . W. 1 reennantle, W. :lEI all, W. Clay, J. Goldsmidt, A. Clifford R. Vivian, H. Memi c, Colonels Bar nard, Bowers, Major Buckley, &c. The Right lion. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., entertained at dinner on Saturday last, at the family residence, in Whitehall gardens, the Very R ev : the .Dean of Westminster, Dr. Buckland ; the ) stronomer RoyaL.Dr. Au ey ; Sir Roderic kJ. Murchison, Knt., Mr. P ro f e ssor Owen, li. Hallam, Dr. Lyon Plar flair, Professor Wheat stone, Mr. Eastlake, Professor Faraday, I'm Lindsey, Professor Brande, Mr. M'Culloch, Mr. J. G. Shaw , Lefe vre, Mr. M'Gregor, Mr. Hamilton, Mr. E. Smirke, Mr. G. Stephens° a, Mr. B. Barton, Hon. Captain Carnegie, M.P., 3 . 1 r.. Henry de lr, Beche, Mr. J. Wilson Patten, M.P., Mr. F. 11. Dickinson, 31. P., Sir. B. Escott, M.P., Mr. J. S. Pakington, 31. p., 31r. W. T. Hamilton, 41,c. VISCOUNTESS PAL3IERSToN'S GB .AND ASSEMBLY.— ' Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston receive d Lord and Lady Mont eagle, Lord and Lady Beautnont,Lord Juln_ Russell, Lord and Lady Marcus Hill, Colonel and Lady Mary Fox, I lon. Mr. and Mrs. Stan ley, Sir Johu and Lady Lasthope, and a act: tea circle, at dinner on S a turday last, previo us to her Ladyship's a ssembly. At ten o'clock the elegant suite of saloons were thrown open for the reception of visitors. Nearly 300 of tle elite of fashiol table society, and many of the fore corps diplomatique, congregatedi, and it was after mght when the brilliant circle separated. The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of Com mons had a Parlimentary dinner on Satptnia— y last, at his mansion in Eaton-square. The following noblemen, and gentlemen constituted the dinner circle:—Viscount Duncan, Lord Edward Russell, Hon. Chas. C. Cavendish, Mon. Thos. V. Dawson, Mr. Raikes Currie, Mr. H owar d Elphinstone, Mr. Archibald Haslie, Mr. W. G. Hayter, Mr. W. D. Christie , S ir Chas.:Napier, Sir Denha m J. Norreys, Hon. Mr. 3ilostyn, Captain Pechell, Mr. M. J. O'Connell, Colonel Paget, Mr. G. R. Philips, Mr. R. Puleford, Colonel Rawdon, Mr. Geo. Poulett igime, Mr. J. Townoley, Mr. Th , us. Duncombe, Mr. Sharman Crawford, Mr. 3larjoribanks, Mr. 31antals, Mr. E. G. Barnard, and Mr. Alden:n(4n latunphory. SWITZERLAND. A foreign journal publishes the two follewing dis patches, which have been addressed by Lord Aberdeen to the British Minister in Switzerland : (No. 1.) " Foreign-office, Jan. 13, 1846. " Sir,—The intelligence communicated in your dis patch of the 24th of November, with respect to the affairs of the Canton de Vaud, and more particularly as regards the conduct of the Government of that canton towards the clergy, has been received with great regret by her Majesty's Government, and has excited deep sympathy with the persecuted pastors, among various classes of her Majesty's subjects. . . . " So painful indeed has been the impression whick recent events in that part of Switzerland have caused in this country that members of different evangelical per suasions have petitioned her Majesty's Government to exert their influence with the authorities of the canton in behalf of the clergymen who have, on conscientious grounds separated themselves from the Church recog nised by the state. But, although this petition is con fined to the prayer that the Government of the Canton de Vaud will afford to those pastors their protection in the free exercise of the worship of Gud, and does not profess to seek for their restoration to the churches which they have for conscience sake been constrained to abandon, her Majesty's Government feel that it is not competent for them to interfere, even in this limited sense, with the internal administration of an independent state. "At the same time I can have no hesitation in authorising you to express in any quarter in which you think a knowledge of it may be useful, the feeling of deep regret with which her Majesty's Government have received 3 our report of the proceedings to which I have above alluded, as well as their conviction that perse verance in such a course must sooner or later involve the canton, and indeed the Swiss Confederation, in re newed troubles, and materially impede a settlement of the previously existing differences which her Majesty's Government have already had occasion to deplore. " I am, &c., (Signed) " ABERDEEN." (No. 2.) 0 ° Foreign-office, January 30, 1846. " Sir—Your dispatch (No. 4), of the 22d inst., en closing the note addressed to you on the 14th by the Council of the Canton de Vaud, relative to the differ ences which have arisen between the Government of that canton, and a portion of the clergy of the Naional Church, has been received and laid before the Queen. "My dispatch (No. 1), of the 13th inst., will hava made you sufficiently acquainted with the painful effect produced in this country by the proceedings of the Go vernment of the Canton de Vaud towards the seceding clergy, as well as with the opinion entertained by her Majesty's Government that a perseverance in such a course must, sooner or later, be attended with results most detrimental to the welfare of the canton and indeed of the Swiss Confederation. " You will have likewise gathered from that dispatch that the desire of her Majesty's Government not to in terfere with the internal administration of an indepen dent state, was the sole reason which prevented them from expressing those sentiments officially to the Go vernment of the canton. But, now that the Vaudois Council of State, invested as it is with full powers in re speet to Church affairs, has itself invited her Majesty's Government to pronounce their judgment upon the pro ceedings which form the subject of the documents trans mitted to you en the 14th instant, her Majesty's Go vernment can have no hesitation in authorising you to express directly to the Executive Government of the Canton de Vaud, in answer to that invitation, the feel ing of deep regret with which they have viewed the course pursued by that Government towards the clergy of their canton. " The Council of State observes, at the conclusion of the letter which they addressed to you on the 14th in stant, That a distinction can easily be made in the do cuments in question, between what bears a general cha racter and what is peculiar to the legislation and position of their canton.' " Her Majesty's Government are unable to compre hend how any peculiarity of legislation or position can be considered as justifying a departure from those first principles of civil and religious freedom, the mainte nance of which forms the distinction of civilized Chris tian states, and had, till now, been the boast of the Can ton de Vaud. On the contrary, her Majesty's Government were entitled to expect that those cantons which call themselves liberal would have been solicitous to establish their claim to that title, by setting the example of a scrupulous regard, equally for the rights and liberties of their own citizens, as well as for those of their con federates. " The respect which her Majesty's Government enter tertain for • the independence of the Swiss Cantons, as for that of all Sovereign States, would, I have already observed, have withheld them from expressing their opinions in the present official form ; but the Vaudois Government having appealed to her Majesty's Govern ment for their judgment, they feel that they cannot give a better proof of the sincere interest they take in the welfare of the whole confederation, of which the Canton de Vaud constitutes so important a member, than by frankly, but with deep regret, expressing their convic tion, that perseverance in the course pursued by the Government of Lausanne, with respect to religi ous matters, must involve the canton, and indeed the Swiss Confederation, in renewed troubles, and by impeding a settlement of the previously existing differ ences, which her Majesty's Government have had al ready occasion to deplore, endanger, through the rup ture of the Federal Compact, the national independence of all the Swiss people. "I have to desire that you will communicate a copy of this instruction, as well as of my dispatch (No. 1), of the 13th inst., to the Government of the Canton de Vaud, and that you will make known the sentiments expressed therein in any quarter in which the knowledge of them may be deemed useful. " I am, &c., (Signed) " ABERDEEN. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE,—The Caledonia has received orders to exercise with blank cartridge once every week. On Monday last she astonished the natives at Torpoint by a feu de joie. All the seamen in ordinary were on board, num bering about 700. Rear.A.dmiral Sir Samuel Pym came on beard to inspect, and expressed great satisfaction at tho ratußeuvrb 3 g of men —Plymouth Journal. NULL. MARCH 14. STOCK Excnewax.—The sales are—North British, Carlisle, 21. 6s. 6d.—Bradford, Wakefield, and Midland, - 36s.—Hull and Barnsley Jinction, 28s.—Liverpool and Leeds, 41s.—London and York, 3 Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, 31.16x.—South Midland, 31. Bs. 3d. —West Riding Union, 41. 16s. 3d.—London and Brighton, New Shares, 29%. YORK, Manes 14. Sroca ExcnANuE.—The sales are—Grand Tnion, 18s. 6d.—Liver pool and Leeds Direct, 2/. 55. 6d.—London and York, al. 7s.—New castle and Berwick, 19,¢—Newcastle and Darlington Extensions, 91. Be.—North British, Carlisle Extension, 2/. 6s.—York and North Midland Extension, New (East and West Riding), 91. 14s. EDINBURGH, Meaca 13. STocK Excite/fem.-The sales are-Aberdeen, 81.--Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin, U. 11s.-Airdrie and Bathgate, 1/. IN.-Arbroath and Forfar, M. 10s.-Ditto, Half Shares, 161. -Armagh and Portrush, 11.-Ayr and Dumfries, 21. 65.-Ayr and Galloway, 11. 10s.-Ayr shire and Bridge of Weir, 21.-Banffshire, 11.-Belfast and County Down, 21.-British and Irish Union, 21. 2s. 6d.-Caledonian, ex new, 101.-Ditto, New, 2/. 12s.- Caledonian Extension, 11. 12e. -Caledonian and Dumbarton, 2/. 45.--Caledonian and Northern Direct, 11. 19s. 6d.-Camwath and West Linton, U. ls. 6d.-Chelms ford and Bury, 11.-Clydesdale Junction, 171.-Cornwall and Devon Central, 11. 12s. 6d.-Deeside Railway, 41. Ms.-Direct Northern, 21. 35.-Dublin and Enniskillen, 41. 7s. 6d.-Dundee and Ar broath, 391.-Ditto, New, 221.-Dundee and Forfar Junction, 11. 165.-Dundee and Perth, 121. 153.-Ditto, Kinross Extension, 21. 7s. 6d.-Eastern Counties Extension, 11. 10s.-East Indian Rail way, 12s. 6d.-Etna of Fife, 1/. 155.-East Lothian Central and Tyne Valley Junction, 11. bs.-Edinburgh and Bathgate, I/. 155.-Edin burgh and Glasgow, 721.-Ditto, Half Shares, 131. 155.-Ditto, Quar ters, 171. 155.-Ditto, ditto, New, 161. ss .- Edinburgh , Glasgow , a nd Dumbarton, 16s. 6d .- Edinburgh and Leith Atmospheric, 19s. 641.- Edinburgh, Leith, and Granton, 17/. 108.-Ditto, Preference, 201. 10s. -Edinburgh and Northern, 3/. 195.-Ditto, Newport, 175.- Ditto, Lochgelly, 1/. 25.-Edinburgh and Peebles, N. 6s. lid.- Edinburgh and Perth, 2/. 2s -Edinburgh, Portobello, and Mussel burgh, IL 13a.-Forth and Clyde Junction, 11. 12s. 6d.-Glasgow and Ayrshire, 71/.-Ditto, New Stock, 241.-Ditto, Quarter shares, 181. N.-Glasgow Belfast Union, IL 10s.-Glasgow, Dumfries, and Car lisle, 21. -Glasgow and Dundee Junction, 11. 10s.-- Glasgow and Garnkirk, 421.-Glasgow and Greenock, 191.-Ditto, New Stock, 101. -Ditto, Preference, U. 155.-Glasgow Harbour Grand Junction, IL 10s.-Glasgow Harbour Mineral, 11. 18s. 6d.-Glasgow,Kilutarnoek, and Ardrossan, 2/. 55.-Glasgow, Strathaven, and Lesmaliagow, 2/. 65.-Great County Down, IL 103.- Great North of Scotland, 21. 35.- Great North and South Wales, 7s. W.-Inverness and Elgin, 17s. 68. -Lanark and Lothians, 21. 2s. 6d.-Larne, Belfast, and Ballymena, 11. Bs.-London and Hounslow, 11.-London and Manchester (Ras trick), 31. 10s.-London and Manchester (Rem.), 11. 2s. bd.-Lon don and York, 31. - 155.-3iidland and Eastern Counties, 11. Ba.- Morayshire, 21.-Newcastle and Berwick, 19/. IN. -Newry :and Londonderry, 11. 175.-North British, 251. 10s.-Ditto, Waives, 81. 7s. 6d.-Ditto, Extension to Carlisle, 27. Is.-Ditto, Extension to Dalkeith, 51. 17s. 6d.-North Wales Mineral, 141. lbs.-Ditto, New, 31. 17s. 6d.-Perth and Crieff Direct,erth and Inverness, U. 4s. 6d.-Scottish Central, 13/. 10s.-Ditto, New, 81.-Scottish Central and Caledonian Junction, 11. 'ft-Scottish Grand Junction, 11. IN.-Scottish Midland, 41. bs.-Scottish southern, 11.185.-Shrews bury and Hereford, 15s. -Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Chester, U.- South Midland, al. 10s.-Stirling and Dunfermline. 11. 125.-Stirling and Midland, . 2/. 4a-Strathern Junction, 21. 45.-Surrey Grand Junction, 9s. 6d.-Tear and Dove Valley, 155.-Wishaw and Colt ness, 49/. GLASGOW, Masai 14. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin, 295. 6d.—Caledonian, New, 555.—Caledonian Extension, 335. —Cale deniaa and Ayrshire Junction, 395. 6d.—Caledonian and Dumbarton shire Junction, 38s. —East Indian Railway, 115. 3d.—Edinbursh. Glasgow, and Dumbarton, 17s. 6d.—Forth and Clyde Junction, 345. —Glasgow General Terminus, 1014 —Glasgow and BePast Union, 395. 6d.—Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, Ms.—Glasgow, Kilmar nock, and Ardrossan, 425. 6d. —Glasgow Harbour Grand Janctiun, 31s.—Kilmarnock and Ayr Direct, 38s.—Lanark and Lothians, 40s. —Lesmahagow, 38s. 6d.—Perth and Inverness, 288.—Perth and 26s.—Scottish Central, 13%—South Midland, 61s.—Stirling and Dunfermline, 345.6 d. PARLIAMENTARY DIV ISIONS. ,From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons.) FRIDAY, DIAR . thi 13. GRAND TRUNK OR STAFFORD AND PETERBOROUGH 111 lON RAILWAY BILL. Order for Second Reading read ; Motion made, and Question pro posed, " That the Bill be now read a second time :"—Amendment proposed, to leave out the word " now," and at the end of the Ques tion to add the words " upon this day six months :"—Question put, " That the word ' now' stand part of the Question." The House divided : -..._ . MAJORITY—AYES, 60. Elaine, Walter Etwall, Ralph Mitcalfe, li. Baring, F. T. Evans, Sir De Lacy Mostyn, E. M. Barnard, Edward G. Swart, William O'Connell, Daniel Benett, J. Feilden, William O'Connell, John Bowring, Dr. Fitzgerald, R. A. Osborne, Ralph Bridgeman, Hewitt Forster, Matthew Framer, G. Bretherton, J. Gibson, T. M. Rawdon, Colonel Christie, W. D. -GB, Thomas Smith, J. A. Colebrooke, Sir T. Greene, Thomas Somerville, Sir W. Collett, John Hastier, A. Staunton, Sir G. Craig, W. G. Hill, Lord M. Tancred, H. W. Crawford, W. S. Hodgson, F. Thornely, T. Dalrymple, Captain Hume, Joseph Tufnell, Henry Dennistoun, John James, William Walker, Richard Divett, Edward Loch, Jallies, Waltley, T. Duncan, Lord Macaulay, T: B. Ward, H. G. Duncan, George Macnamara, Major Wawn, J. T. Duncombe, T. M'Carthy, Alexander Young, John Dundas, Admiral M`Taggart, Sir J. TELLIMS. Ellice, Edward Marjoribanks, S. Pechell, Captain Elphinstone, H. Matheson, J. Berkeley, H. F. MINORITY-NOES, 40. Arkwright, George Duncombe, A. Manners, Lord C. Bagge, W. Duncombe, 0. Neeld, John Bankes, G. Frewen, C. H. O'Brien, A. Stafford Baring, Henry Gaskell, J. M. Smollett, Alexander Bennet, P. Gore, W. B. 0. Sotheron, T. H. Berkeley. Craven Halford, Sir 11. Strickland, Sir G. Broadley, H. Hildyard, T. B. Trotter, John Bruce, Lord E. /Uncle, J. H. Tyrrell, Sir J. T. Bruce, C. L. C. Hodgson, R. Wall, C. B. Cochrane, A. Hornby, John Wrightson, W. B. Colborne, B. H. Jocelyn, Viscount - Copeland, Ald. Kelly, Sir Fitzroy TELLERS. Douglas, J. D. S. Lockhart, W. Mundy, Edw. Miller Drummond, 11. Mackinnon, W. A. Puke, C. W. Duncannon, Lord Mahon, Viscount PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS. (From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons.) COMMITTEES ON RAILWAY MONDAY, MARCH 23. London and South-Western (Hampton Court Branch). London and South-Western (Chertsey and Egham Branch). London and South-Western (Epsom Branch). London and South-Western (Alton and Farnham Branch). London and South-Western Railway Acts Amendment. London and Brighton (Dorking Branch). TUESDAY, MARCH 24. Exeter and Exmouth. London and Oxford. Eastern Union and Hadleigh. Colchester, Stour Valley, Sudbury, and Halstead. Harwich and Eastern Counties Junction Railway and Pier. Mahlon, Witham, and Braintree. Eastern Union (Ardleigh to Colchester). Eastern Union and Harwich. THE CORN TRADE. HULL, TUESDAY. —We cannot report any more briskness in the corn trade during the past week. At to-day's market there was a fair show of wheat from the farmers, and the condition improved. Last week's prices were fully main tained. In free foreign nothing doing. There are a few in quiries for bonded, without, however, leading to business. No alteration in the value of spring cons. In linseed there has been very little passing. Linseed cakes are very dull of sale, at rather lower rates. Rapeseed is u naltered; the ar rivals continue very small. Rape cakes are very scarce, and maintain their price. Bones are inquired for, but not much actual business passing. Guano goes off in retail. WAKEFIELD, FRIDAY.--N 6 have a small . supply of each article to this day's market, at which there is an improved demand for all description! ofgrain. The finest qualities of wheat are scarce, and obtain ls. to 2s. above last F r id a y' s rates. Other sorts are Is. dearer, with the exception of the inferior qualities, which continue unnoticed. The best sorts of barley are Is. higher, with more business done in other qualities. Oats are id. per stone, and shelling fully 1 per load higher. No alteration in beans or othe r articles.l3. TREASURE FOUND IN A 18IISER'S HOUSE.—SonIe months since, it will be recollected, that a commission of lunacy was issued upon a maiden lady named Sarah Carey, whose age was upwards of eighty, and whose singular penurious habits had rendered her notorious in the neigh bourhood of her residence in the Cannon-street-road. Al though possessed of considerable property, with, it is said, a sum of 15,0001. invested in the funds, she lived in complete seclusion, dressed herself in filthy rags, and denied herself even what are considered the common necessaries of life. She had resided in the same dwelling for a period of forty years ; and when the inquiry was held in the course of November last, the jury could only gain access by forcing the pannels of the chamber, when the unfortunate lady was found in the most deplorable state of filth and wretchedness. The jury having found her of unsound mind, she was speedily removed and placed under care. The house has since been undergoing repair, and for some time after her removal search was made for supposed treasure, but first without effect; and it was not till very recently, upon a more diligent search, that a discovery was made of what appeared to be waste paper, behind a beard in a closet, but which proved to be Bank of England notes consisting of fives, fifties, and hundreds (some of Abraham Newland, and some of the date of 1808), amounting to no less than 4,1601. In other places doubloons, old guineas, and other old gold coins, of the value of 1,0001., and 450 oz. of plate, worth 1501. ; the whole being worth six or seven thousand pounds. On the report recently made to the Lord Chancellor, the gold and plate were ordered to be sold ; and the produce, with the other cash, invested. Contents of the enlarged Observer of Sunday, March 15.—Latest new from America by five days, brought by the ste sm ship Cambria, which arrived at Liverpool on Saturday; content s of Boston and New York papers to 2d and Halifax to the 4th of Mar eh ; names of 41 passengers. Windsor election of Mr. Neville on Satur day. Arrival of news on Saturdajfrom Poland; Cracow oecupiee Iby the Austrians. Marylebone meeting, Saturday, on the Metrc po litan Buildings Act. Contents of two oftien: despatches from the Earl of Aberdeen to the British Minister in b-71tzerland. I four columns of the trial at Bedford, " Coultas v. the Rev. P r. Bow es." A column on the s u bject of the pioneers of civilization at " Iberia, ' on the Gold Coast of Africa; and 12 columns of the latest miscelane 5 u. news. A Monday afternoon, Observtr is regularly published. Lord Brougham ()vie an elegant entertainment c; n Saturday last, at the lotobl7l Lord's residence in Orgton-street. LITERATURE. KNIGHT'S BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. Series from Bacon to the present day.. This volume embraces Berkeley's Idealism, Hume's Sceptism, and many other " isms," to which such men as Condillac, Reid, Cant, and Fichte gave a temporary interest, though only to a very small portion of the com munity. The subject is extremely uninteresting, for it exhibits men, of great minds we admit, disputing about subjects which are beyond their comprehension, and occasionally quarrelling with each other, merely because the language of the one is unintelligible, or misunder stood by the other. They fight with shadows, and, as far as common readers can judge, would all be of the same way of thinking, if they haft words sufficiently definite to explain their meaning. It is necessary, how ever, to know something of these wars of ideas which have made such a noise in the world, and the present brief outline of that. nets held by those of modern times, drawn up by Mr. E. H. Lewes, will be found well calculated for the purpose. The result would lead to the conviction that the men called metaphysicians have hitherto been a most unprofitable race, and that the vortices of Des cartes, and the vagaries of Hegel, of which, in the words of Dr. Ott, "absurdity is the basis," are just as useful to society as all the rest put together. Mr. Lewes, who seems to be of the same opinion, thus con cludes his remarks on the History of Philosophy : " Modern philosophy staked its pretensions on the one question: Have we any ideas independent of experier se ? This was asking, in other worth, Have we any organum philosophy? " The answer always ends in a negative. If any one, therefore, remain unshaken by the accumulated proofs this History affords of the impossibility of philosophy, let him distinctly bear in mind that the first problem he must solve is, Have we ideas independent of experience? Let him solve that ere he begins to speculate. " And now, reader our task is done." SCOTLAND—ITS FAITH AND ITS FEA TURES. By the Rev. Francis Trench. 2 'Ms. This is a book without pretensions, and therefore it disarms criticism. We cannot well conceive, however, what objects the writer had in view, fir it gives little or no new insight into either the faith or the features of Scotland. We have, it is true, a long and tedious account of the Auchterarder case and its results, with an outline of the speeches made in the General Assembly of the Free Church, held at Inverness last year ; but all the details respecting these have already been fully reported in the newspapers, from which, in deed, the reverend author admits he borrowed them. And, as regards the features of the country, and the habits of the people, the information is exceedingly scanty, the remarks in general have no novelty, and we search in vain for anything like a description of the sys tem of agriculture for which Scotland is so celebrated, or any statistical details which can show that the country has any peculiarities whatever. It is, in fact, a simple diary which the writer made in his pony chaise, or at the inns where be stopped on his way, interspersed oc casionally with amusing anecdotes, and with devout meditations, which exhibit all the features of a sincere Christian and a man of amiable dispositions. ROYAL SOCIETY. Rumours are rife that one, if not two, of the medals has this year been awarded in direct violation of the charter, independently of having been voted in opposi tion to constitutional forms. A strong remonstrance, we bear, has been made, which, if not taken into con sideration, or if, perhaps, the awards be not revoked, by the council, will probably become a case for the de cision of the Lord Chancellor. If such be the truth, and we fear there are strong grounds for its founda tion, we trust that the scandal of a public exposure may be avoided ; that a right and rigorous spirit of investi gation may be exercised by the governing body ; and that, if the outrage be proved, it may be brought home to the real delinquents. In the present stage of the pro ceedings, we refrain from further comment, and merely give the subjoined statement of the apparent ILLEGAL AWARD OF ONE ROYAL MEDAL. The following notice is affixed to the first part of the " Philosophical Transactions for 1845," and the samo notice has been affixed to every volume of the " Philoso phical Transactions" published since 1837 "Her Majesty Queen Victoria, in restoring the royal medals, has been graciously pleased to approve the fol lowing regulations for the award of them :--That royal medals be given for such papers only as have been presented to the Royal Society and inserted in their • Transactions." The second part of the " Philosophical Transactions for 1845" has been published, and does not contain the paper for which the royal medal in physiology was awarded at the last anniversary meeting of the Society on the Ist of December. The medal has consequently been awarded by the council for a paper that has not been inserted in the " Transactigs" of the Royal So. ciety, contrary to the regulations dered by the Crown. —literary Gazette of Saturday. MANSFIELD GUARDIANS. It seems as if it were decreed that the guardians of Mansfield union should stand most conspicuously before the world. It is not long ago that their names were called into question in the House of Commons in re gard to the non-producing wheel ; since then, a ques tion has arisen against them on account of the room in which travelling mendicants were lodged during nights, said to be most unfit to place them, and the Poor-law Commissioners' attention was called, and they caused the room to be improved. A month ago, the guardians, contrary to the spirit (and we think will prove contrary to the letter too) of the poor law Acts, passed a resolu tion that no able-bodied mendicant should be admitted into the union house for a night's lodging, though, by the law, they are compelled, before quitting the house on a morning, to perform a task of work in return for the lodging afforded them. Since this most extraordi nary resolution was passed, vagrants, who have been refused admission into the house, have committed various offences, such as breaking windows, gas-lamps, and taking provisions out of a shop, for the express pur• pose, as they stated, of obtaining lodgings at the police office and in prison. Some of these men having been taken before Major Coke, he, with a promptness which does him great credit, put himself in communication with the Poor-law Commissioners. • The Commission ers, through Mr. Weale, Assistant Commissioner, in stantly instituted an inquiry into all this, and if we are not greatly mistaken, the guardians will once more find themselves at fault. We hope to be enabled to learn the result of Mr. Weale's inquiry, and put the public in possession of it. Since the resolution was passed, vagrants who had been refused admission into the workhouse have gone to Mr. Richardson, the present acting overseer of the poor, and demanded assistance. At some times he has sent for the police to remove the applicants, and other times given ,relief out of his own pocket, fearing his shop windows would be broken. Three weeks ago Mr. Ri chardson wrote to the Poor-law Commissioners upon the subject, and he received a reply from them to say the matter was one of serious consequence, and would be duly:inquired into. We never yet heard of any union workhouse, except Mansfield, being without beds for vagrants:- At Mans field, they lie upon straw at nights, and unilq bed time they are placed in another room on the grouriA floor. without a fire, scarcely anything (if anything at all) to sit upon, and provision not very bountiful. A con demned felon bas a bed, a fire, and proper sustenance ; but a month ago, three or four vagrants found themselves so cheerless and cold in the lodging place, prior to being sent to their bed of straw, that they actually pulled up boards in one of the sleeping-placs, put them into the firegree, in the fireplace, and ignited them in order to be warmed. These things must not, and shall not, be longer tolerated.—/ ottingham Review. RICITARD COBDEN.—And one at least of that body has won a larger measure of confidence and respect than per haps was ever before awarded, both by friends and enemies, to the leader of a great enterprise_ Calm, indefatigable, in flexible; with Einglenesii of purpose, never diverted to the right hand or the left; shrinking from no fatigue, shunning no opponent, and never yielding to an antagonist an advan tage in temper or argument; reasoning not for effect but to produce conviction, and carrying conviction by communicat ing to the minds of others, with the evidence of plain facts in plain words, a belief in his own sincerity; the right cham pion appeared at the right time ; the hour came and the man; the man without whom public opinion would even yet have been so unformed upon the fallacies of protection, that no Whig or Tory ministry could have dared to prorose more than a slight or temporary modification of the existing sys tem—the man who has given to this generation the blessings which without him would not have been realised till the next ; and the honest thanks of all good men be given now, and hereafter the world's gratitude, to Richard Cobden.— Weatminster Review. DETER MINED SUICIDE.—Mr. Bedford on Saturday held an i nquest at the Chesterfield Arms, Stanhope-street, Mayfair, on the body of Mrs. Henrietta Herbert, avd 67, who destroyed herself under the following circumstances rs-- Emma Herbert, the daughter of Ole deceased. residing at 6, Bolton-street, Piccadilly, stated at her mother had been living at Windsor, but was in such a low and desponding state of mind that she persuaded her to come to town , w hi c h she did about a fortnight ago, and lodgings were taken for her at Carrington-street, Mayfair. Witness was in t he habit of seeing her daily, and on calling on Friday, to bet horror, found her suspended by a rope to the bed stead. An alarm was given, and she was cut down, but a surgeon, who was in attendance, pro nounced her dead, and that she had been so for some hours. She was under an impression that her land lady would turn her out of the house, when, in fact, she had always behaved very kind to her. Her manner had beer' very strangely altered of late, especially on trilling subjects. Mrs. Slater, the landlady of the house, gave evidence of the unhappy state of the deceased's mind ever since she had lived with her. She had often wished she was dead ; regretted very much leaving Windsor, and complained of the conduct of a young man named Barnard, who, she was setting her daughters against her. This! however, did not appear to be so, but was entirely a delusion. After some other evi dence, the jury were not satisfied without further inquiry, and the inquest was adjourned. IMPORTANT TO FISHER MEN. —Fourteen mackerel nets, two pieces of cordage , and two casks wh i ch appear to belong to an English fishing boat, have been picked np at sea by the French boat St. Jean, and taken into the port of Calais. If these are not c laimed before the lst of April next, they will be disposed of by p u blic authonty.—Brighton Herald. TRADE AT BLACKBURN. —The cotton trade here is worse than it was a fortnight ago There is very little demand for manu f ac tured goods, and prices are ruinous to the manu facturer. Yarns remain rather flat, and prices much the sa me. Power-loom weavers are at present fully employed, b u t those engaged in weaving by hand are in most miserable circumstances. Many of them have net much more than half work and wages are very low. Joiners, builders, and masons, have a tolerably good share of employment at the stations of the Blackburn, Darwen, and Bolton railway, and the Blackburn and Preston railway. Engineers, millwrights, moulders, smiths, and mechanics, are not so well employed as they were some time past. Block and machine printing, at Church, Parish, Accrington, Oswaldtwislt, and their neighbourhoods, are still flat ; but hopes are entertained that as soon as the ministerial measures have passed the House of Lords things will be better.—Kuncheater Examiner.