The Sun. — London, England, 1823-04-16 00:00:00

there is nota town or village on the Irrench frontier which is notliable to insult arid injury—there is no person who must not approve of the precaution which his Most Christian Majesty has taken in forming a corps of observation for the protection of his frontier, and for the preservation of the tranquillity of his people. 'llk Britannic Majesty sincerely wishes that this measure may be effectual in attaining the objects for which it is calcu lated ; and that the wisdom of the French Government will have induced them to explain it at Madrid, in such terms as will satisfy .the Government 9f his Catholic Majesty el its ne cessity. Such an explanation will, it is hoped, tend to allay in some degree the irritation against 'France ; and, on the other hand, it may be hoped that some allowance will be made in France for the state of effervescence of men's minds in spain, in the very crisis of A, Revolution and Civil War. A moment's reflection upon the relative power orate two states will shew, that the real evil to which his Most Christian Majesty is exposed,,is that resulting from the operations of the , Civil War on the neighbouring frontier of Spain; against which the measure which his Government have adopted is best cal culated to preserve him. Even revolutionaryrnadness could not calculate upon the sue ass of a serious attack by Spain upon France, under any cir cumstances which it is possible to suppose to exist at present in the latter kingdom. But the attention of the Spanish Go verimient is now occupied by a Civil War, the operations of which certainly justify the formation of a Corps of Observation in France ; and it is not very probable that they would, at this moment, desire to break with France. Neither is - it to be believed that, in their present situation, die.) , would not desire still to enjoy the advantage of that coon.. *lance to their system, which the presence of the French Atn bassador at the seat of Government must afford . them. His Majesty therefore considers any rupture by Spain, or any measure on her part which may render necessary the imme diate discontinuance of diplomatic relations by France, very improbable; and as his Majesty is quite unacquainted with What has passed tietvr , en France and Spain since the month of April, 1820 ; and his. Government 'cannot know upon what grounds his Most Christian Majesty'S Government may think proper to discontinue the diplomatic relations of Fiance with Spain ; or upon what grounds war may break out between the two countries,. it is impossible for therh row to pronounce what advice they should consider it their due./ to give to his Majesty, in case either or both of those events should occur. His Majesty most anxiously wishes that'auch extremities may be avoided; and be feels convinced that' the Government of his Most Christian Majesty will find means of avoiding them. . No. b..—The Duke of Wellinguin to Mr. Secretary Canning.— Received Nov. 21.: . (Extract.) Verona; Nov. 12; 1'022. I have little to report as having occurred on tbe Spanish guts. tion,Jince I wrote to you on the sth. inst. , But I inclose to you a Memorandum on what is passing here, Which I send to Sit Charles Stuart by this occasion. MEMORANDUM.--(lncloSure itt No. 5.) Verona, November 12, 1822. On the 20th of October, the French Minister gave hitt Paper, requiring from the Ministers of the Allies to know, whether, if France should be Under the necessity of withdrawing her Mi nister from Spain, the other Allied Powers would do the same ? In case France should be involved in war with Spain, what countenance the Allies' would give the former? And in case France should require it, what assistance ? To these questions the three Continental Allies answered on the 30th of October, that they would act as France should, its respect to their Ministers in Spain, and would give to France every countenance and assistance she should require—L-the cause for such assistance, and the period and the mode of giving it, biting reserved to be specified in a Treaty. The Minister of Great Britain answered, that having no knowledge of the cause of dispute, and not being able to form a judgment upon an hypotheiical case, he could give nu answer to*any of the questions. The mode of communicating with Spain was considered on the 31st, with a view to prevent a rupture between'France anti Spain. It was agreed that the Minister of each of the four Continental Courts at Madrid should present a separate Note of the same teneur, and drawn upon the same principles • and on the Ist of November it was settled, that the four principles; should draw up their Notes, and communicate them to , the British Minister who should, upon seeing these Notes, make known the line which his Court would take. Since that Meeting it is understood that the plan of proceed- Ina proposed and agreed to has been altered. Instead of official Notes to be presented by the several Ministers at Madrid to the Spanish Government, it is now intendeil that dispatches shall be written to those Ministers respectively, in which the several Courts will express their wires and intentions ; this moth. of proceeding is adopted, as affording greater latitude for discus sion and. explanation than that by official. Notes. Accordingly Monsieur de Monunorency has prepared the draft of his dispatch ; and it is understood that the Alinisters of the Continental Powers are preparing theirs. These are the facts which have occurred at the existing eon . gress. In the course of the discusioris which have taken place upon this occasion, a marked difference of opinion as to the mode of action has appeared betivcen the Continental Courts on the one hand, and England on the other. The Minister of the latter Power has recommended that France, and the Powers which should interfere in this case, should confine themselves to what may properly be called the external quarrel between France and Spain; should not menace; and above all, should not aroach Spain in the form of me ?them, bound in a treaty of defensive p alliance against her. No. 6. --The Duke of Wellington to Mr. Secretary Canning.--= Received Decti. ' (Extract.) Verona, Nov. 22, 1822. I inclose the minute of the answer which I returned to the Ministers to the Allies on. the 20th inst. when they communi: cuted to me the dispatches which they proposed to write to the Ministers of their several Courts at 'Madrid. MlNUTE—(lnclosure in No. 6.) Verona, November 20, 1822. When the Miniitters or the five Courts last assembled on the lit instant, the Object of their common solicitude was, to allay the irritation exhitingin Spain against France, and to prevent ' a possible ruitture between the two Powers. Although his Majesty'S Government did not consider them selves sufficientlyinformed, either of what bad already taken place between 'France and Spain, or of what might occasion a rupture, to be able to answer in the affirmative the questionssubmitted to the conference by his Excellency the Minister of France ; yet knowing the anxiety of the King, my master, for the honour of his Most Christian Majesty, and for the preserve tdon of the peace of the world. I was willing to enter into the consideration, of the measures proposed, with a View to attain our common object It was settled, that the notes to be prepared according to the proposition of his. Ilighneis the Austrian Minister, and to be presented to Spanish Government on this occasion, should be cominanicated to me, in order that I might see, whether cone slstently with the view which the King had invariably taken of the dilute of Spain, and with the principle* whioli had governed his Majesty's conduct in relation to the internal concerns of other countries, his Majesty's Government could taken any part which might forward the common purpose of preserving the ge neral tranquillity. The Ministers of the Allied Courts have thought proper to Make known to Spain the sentiments of their respective Sove reigns, by dispatches addressed to the Ministers of the several Courts, residing, at Madrid, instead of by official notes,—as mode of communicaeion less formal, an affording greater re ality of discussion. ' These dispatches, it appeare", arc to be communicated in ex - tense tie the Spanish Government. The alight, eireumerapees, and consequences of the Spanish Itevoletion--the existing state of affairs m Spain—and the con. duct of thaw: who have been at the hut' of the e;pinisit Govern ment, mathave endaegered the safety of other countries, and may have excited the uneasiness of the Governments, whore Ministers I act Mew teddrsSing; and those Governments may think it necessary to eildress. the Spanish Government upon the topics referred to in these diepetehes. These sentiments and opinions have certainly been enter tained by the three : Cabinets of Austria. Ptussia, and Russia, forfora ceesiderable.period &time ; and the British Government (hely appreciates the forbearance sod deference for the opinions of other Cabinets, which hive dictated the delay to make these. communications, to the present moment. But having been de. layeel till now, I would request those Ministers, to cOusider, whether this is the moment at which such remonstrances ought to be made: whether they are calculated to allay the irritation against France, and to prevent ii possible rupture ; andwhether they might not with advantage be delayed to a later period. They are certainly calculated to irritate the Government of Spain ; to allied ground for a belief, that advantage - has been taken of the irritation existing between that Govertiment and France, to call down upon Spain therwer of the Alliance; and thus to embarrass still more the difhcult position of the French Government. The result of these communications will probably be, that the diplomatic relations between the Three Allied Courts and Spain will he discontinued—whatever may he the state of the ques tions between France and Spain : this occurrence cannot assist the cause of France ; us those questions will stand upon their own ground, and the Government of France must decide them upon their own merits. lint these communications are not only calculated to embar rass the French Government, but likewise that of the King, my maeter. His -Majesty feels sincerely for the King and the peo ple of Spain; he is anxious to see a teteninetion of the evils and misfortunes by which that country is afflicted; and that it should be prosperous and happy. Ifis Majesty likewise ear. neatly desires, that the usual relations of amity and good neigh bourhood may be re-established between France and Spain ; and his Majesty'i Government would have been anxious to co operate with those of his Allies, in allaying the existing irrita tion, and in preventing a possible rupture. But his Majesty's Government are of opinion, that to ani-1 madvert upon the internal transactions of an independent State, unless such transactions affect the essential interests of his Ma jesty's subjects, is inconsistent with those principles on which his Majesty has invariably acted on all questions relating to the internal concern of other countries ; that such aniwadver skins, if made, must involve his Majesty in serious responsibi ' lity, if they should produce any effect; and must irritate, if they should not and, if addressed, as proposed, to the Spanish Government, are likely to be injurious to the best interests of Spain, and to produce the worst consequences upon the proba ble discussions between that country and France. The King's Government must, therefore decline to advise. his Majesty to hold a common language with his Allies upon this occasion : and it is so necessary for his hlaje.sty not to be supposed to participate in a measure of this descnption, and calculated to produce such consequences, that his Government rank equally refrain from advising his Majesty to direct, that any communication should be made to the Spanish Government on the subject of its relations with France. His Majesty, therefore, must limit his exertions and good of fices to the endeavours of . his Minister at Madrid to allay the ferment which these communications must occasion, and to do all the good in his power. No. 7.—Mr. Secretary Canning to the Duke of Wellington. (Extract.) h °reign Office, Dec. 6 1822. The latest date of your Grace's dispatches from Verona is the 19th ultimo. _ The French Mail due yesterday has, from some unaccousta ble accident, failed to arrive ; anti we are left in an uncertainty as to every thing that has passed atVerona for more than a fort night. In this state of th►ng;s, however difficult it may be to shape instructions to a case not ascertained, it has nevertheless been felt by his Majesty's advisers that we should be wanting tO our duty if we •did not stibn►it to his Majesty the course which it would be expedient tO pursue, in that which is under stood to be the present situation of the question of Peace or War between France and Spain. M. de Wide has taken several opportunities of expressing to Sir Charles Stuart his o*n earnest desire for the preservation of peace; and his wish to receive, not only the support but the advice of the British Government, in his endeavours to pre serve it. , _ I have the Icing's commands to signify to your Grace his Majesty's pleasure, that your Grace slaeuld seek a cwersatior t with M. de "%Miele ; and, after referring to "his Excellency's communications through Sir Charles Stuart, should offeeto that Minister the fllediation of his Majesty, between their Most Christian and catholic Majesties. It will not escape your Grace's obserVation", that in order to afford a prospect of success - in our meditation, if France should IA willing; to employ it, there should be some reasonable hope of a similar acceptance on the part of Spain. I inclose to your Grace an extract of a dispatch from the Spanish Government to its Charge d'Affaires in London, which was read and delivered tome by M. de Columb in a conference the day before yesterday. The remaining part of the dispatch: to M. de Colomb (with which I do not trouble your Grace on this occasion) relates to the questions pending between the two Governments; respecting commercial grievances, and the piracies in the West Indian Seas. • (Translation.) Extract of a Dispatch addressed brill. San Miguel., Minister for Foreign Affairs at Madrid, to M. de Colomb, dated Nov. 15, 1022. The Government of his Majesty has received with gratitude, but without surprise, the verbal communication, purporting that the Cabinet of lus,Britannic Majesty, respecting the independ ence and the political Institutions adapted by the (Spanish) na tion 'is determined not to interfere in our thmiestic affairs. Nothing else could be expected from the Government of a nation which, like the British, knows its rights and the primor dial principles of public law; and it is only to be wondered at, that - it should not think it expedient to give to a declaration of such obvious justice the solemnity which it deserves. . The ties Of intimate regard, the principles of mutual con venience. and the analogy of the respective institutions which 'exist in Spain and in England--do they do hot positively entitle the former, overwhelmed with 'difficulties, to expect from the latter, whose political influence is of the greatest weight, some thing more than simple and abstract justice—something more than a passive respect for universal lws, than a cold and insens • Bible neutrality ? And if some tender interest, such as befits 'two notions in similar circumstances, exists in the Court of Lon don, hoW is it that it does not manifest itself in visible acts of' friendly interposition to save its'ally from evils, in which hu. inanity, wisdom, and even cautious and provident State policy will sympathize ? Or how is it that (if these benevolent acts • exist) they are not communicated to the Cabinet of his Catholic Malesty ? The acts to which I allude,. would in no wise compromise fit L: most strictly conceived System of. neutrality.. Good offices, counsels, the reflections of one friend in favour of' another, do, . not place a nation in concert of attack or defence with another —do not expose it to the enmity, of the opposite party, even if they' do not deserve its gratitude;--they are not (in a word) cf. fective aid, troops, arms, subsidies which augment the force of one of the contending parties. it is of reason • only that we are speaking, and it is with the pen of conciliation that a Power,' situated like Great Britain, might support Spain, without ex po Sing her Self to take part in a war, which she may, perhaps, prevent with general utility. England might act in this manner ; being able, ought she so to acts and itshe ought, has she acted so ? In the wise, just, and generous views of Om . Government of St. James, no other an swer can exist than the affirmative. Why then does she not no tify to Spain what hasbeen done, and whet it is proposed to do in that mediatory . sense (es tuptcl senthla mediador) Are there - weighty inconveniencies whiCh enjoin discretion, which 'thew the necessity of secresy ? They do not appear to an orditiary pe netration Nevertheless, in such 'uncertainty 'of what she lifts to thank the British Ministry for, the Government of his Catholic Ma jesty thinks itself - bound to Manift4t, in the face of the world, in order that it may regard it its profession of faith, that whilst it respeets ' the tights of others, it.will never admit the least intervention in its internal concerns, nor execute an act which may compromise in the least the •free exercise of national Sovereigny . When once vett shall hive communieited these frank decla rations to the 'Right Honourable George Canning, his Excel. lency cannot doless than find them worthy of his flattering con.. currence, as well in - substance as in form and trust correspond • cordially with the spirit which has dictated them ; and it will be sufficient that you should terminate your discourse, by re minding. his ExCellericy that Spajn has been almost always, in her political relation's, the victim of her probity and good faith ; that her friendship has been and is usefhl to other nations, and sincere under every trial; that the GoVernMent of his Majesty is desirous to preserve the friendly tics • which exist Between Spain and England ; 'but .without the diminution, without the degradation of its dignity; and that, 'if it hatto struggle with the embarrassments that result from its immense progressive losses, 'the Spanish people always possiesSes sublimity of senti. inent to 'conduct itself with honour, strength of character tOsop. port its calamities; and constancy of resolution to maintain itself, m spite of the last sacrifices, in the post which belongs to her in Europe; No. B.—The !Nike Of Wellington to Mr. Secretary Canning._ Received December 11. • (extract.) Paris, December, 9, 1822. I arrived here this afternoon, and received your dispatch of the 6th instant. I have since had an interview with M. de Ville ; and I have the pleasure to inform you, that he has sent a messenger to Verona -with orders to the French Ministers at thatplace, to express the desire of the French t4overnment, that the trans mission of the dispatches to Madrid should be suspended. NO. Secretary Canning to:the Duke of Wellington. (Extracts) Foreign Office, 'December 13',18'32. Your Grace's dispatches of Tuesday 'have been received and laid betbre the King. The step taken by M. de Vißele,. in referring back to ye rgna the consideration of the dispatches proposed to he sent by the three Continental CoUrts to their several Ministers at Ma drid, with a view of inducing the three Courts to suspend the transmission of those dispatches, undoubtedly constituted a ease (wholly unforseen when the last instructions of yin; r Govern ment were framed) Which. made it expedient to suspend, on your tlrace's pert, the offer to the French Government of his Majesty's mediation with Spain. Upon a for review, hOwever, of the situation •in which we stand towards both those - Powers, 'and towards the other M em hers of the Alliance, and upon an anxious consideration of the severalissues to which the question of peace or war may conic— all those of his Majesty's Servants,. whom I have been able to consult, nre of opinion, that it is highly material, for the clear and perfect diseharge of the duty of the British Government, in a question an deeply affecting the- interests not only of the Powers immediately concerned, but of the world,' that your' Grace should not leave Paris, without haviog placed. in the hands of French Government the eventual oiler of his Majesty's mediation. No 10.—The Duke of Wellio.gton to Mr. Secretary Canning. Receii , ed December 22. (Extract.) Paris, December 17, 1822. I waited upon Monsieur tie Montmorency this day, and pre-' rented to him the Note of which I enclose a copy. (Inclosure in No.. - , The Duke of W ellington to M. de Montmorency. Paris, Dee. 1701122. The undersigned, his Britannic Majesty's Plenipotentiary, has explained and recorded, in the conference of Verona, the 0 1 sentiments of his Government upon the present critical state of affairs between France and Spain ; and the earnest solicitude of the King his Master to avert a war of which no human fore sight can calculate the consequences. . • Upon his arrival at Paris, the undersigned found instruc tions from his GoVernment, to offer to his Most Christian Ma, jesty the mediation of the King his Master, before the decisive step should have been taken, of transmitting to Madrid the dispatches written at Verona. ,The undersigned rejoiced at the delay which had been inter. posed to the transmission of those dispatches to Madrid, by the reference to Verona ; and :kis Government have learnt, with the liveliest satisfaction, the determination of the French Go vernment to'reconsider a measure whiCh the undersigned had so anxiously . deprecated. It is the sincere hope of his Majesty, that this salutary recon. sideration may prevent recourse to arms. But, as the issue of the reference to Verona may still be doubtful, the undersigned is instructed to declare, that, if the, answer to that reference should not be such as to preclude all danger of hostilities, his Majesty will be ready to accept the office of mediator between the French and Spanish Governments ; and to employ his most strenuous endeavours for the adjustment of their differences, and for the preservation of the peace of the world.—The un dersigned, &c. (Signed) WELLINGTON: (Translation of No. 11.) Note from the Duke of Montmorency to the Duke of Welling ton, dated Paris, the 28th December, 1822. The undersigned Minister for Foreign Affairs has received and laid before the King, the note which his Excellency the Duke of Wellington did him the honour to address to him on the 17th of this month. Mis Majesty has appreciated the sentiments which have in duced the King of England to offer his mediation to his Ma jesty, in order to prevent a rupture between him and the Spa nish Government. But his Majesty could not but feel that the situation of Fiance with regard to Spain was not of a nature to call for a mediation between the two Courts. In fact, there exists no difference between them, no specific point of discus sion, by the arrangement of which their relations might be placed on the footing on which they ought to stand. Spain, by the nature of her Revolution, and by the circumstances with which it has been attended, has excited the apprehensions of several great poweri. England participated in these apprehen sions ; for even in the year 1820 she foresaw cases, in which it would be impossible to preserve with Spain relations of peace and good understanding. France is more interested than any other power in the events which may reault front the actual situation of that Monarchy. But it is not her own interests alone which are compromised, and which she must keep in view in the present circumstances: —the repose of Europe, and the maintenance of those principles by which it is guaranteed, are involved. • The Duke of Wellington knows that these are the sentiments which dictated the conduct of France at Verona; and . that the Courts which agreed in them regarded the consequences of the Revolution, and of the actual state of Spain as being common to them all ; that they never entertained the idea that it was between Fiance and Spain alone that the existing difficulties . needed to be arranged; that they considered the .question to be " wholly European ;" and that it is hi consequence of this nion, that the measures which had for their object the bringing about, if possible, an amelioration _ill the state of a country so highly interesting to Europe, were conceived and proposed— measures, the success of which would have been completely se cured, if England had thought she could concur in them. His Most Christian Majesty, who was bound to weigh these considerations maturely, has therefore thought that he could not accept the mediation that his Britannic Majesty has been pleas. ed to propose to him. lie sees, however, with pleasure s - in this proposition, a new pledge of the conciliatory disposition of the English Government; and he thinks that, with such feel ings, that Governinent may render essential service to Europe, by offering in the like manner to- the Government of Spain advice, which by leading, them to entertain more calm views, might produce a happy influence on the internal situation of that country. His Majesty would learn, with the liveliest satisfaction, the. success of such efforts. He would see in it a finn ground to hope for the preservation of a peace, of the great value of which the Governments and the People'of Europe cannot but be deeply sensible. The undersigned eagerly embraces the opportunity of renew. ing to his ExCellency the Mike of Wellington the assurances of his high consideration.' The Undersigned, &c. (Signed) , MONTIJOREI4CI. No. 12.--Mr. Secretary Canning to the Vicomte (le. Marcellus. Foreign- Office, Jan. 10, 11123. The undersigned, his Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, has received from the Duke of Wellington, late his Majesty's Plenipotentiary ea the Con g ress of Verona, and has laid before the King his Master the answer of the Mi nister for Foreign Affairs of his Most Christian Majesty, to the Official Note in which the Duke of Wellington, on his return front Verona, tendered to the French Government the media tion of the King, for the adjustment of diffigences between France and Spain. ' The undersigned is commanded to address to M. de Mat cellus, Charge d'Affaires of his Most Christian Majesty, the following observations on the Note Of hi* Excellency the Duke. de Montmorency, to be transmitted by tie Marcellus to his Court: - _ _ _ The King has seen with pleasure, that his Most Christian Majesty does justice to the sentiments which dictated the offer of his Majesty's mediation ; and, although the view which is taken in M. de Montmorency'a Note, of the nature of the dif ferences between the French and Spanish Governments, haslin duced his Most Christian 111ajesty to decline that mediation, the King will not the less anxiously employ, in every way that is yet open to him, those " conciliatory dispositions" fbr, which his Most Christian Alajeaty gives him credit, to, bring about a state of things less menacing to the peace of Europe, than that which is exhibited in the present position of those two Govern ments towards each other. . The British Cabinet had not to learn how .fearfully the tran quillity of all Europe must be affected by the hostile collision of France and Spain. Accordingly, in the Duke of Welling.. ton'a.Official Note, the " adjustment" of the supposed " dif, rerences between the French and the Spanish Governments," was statedas auxiliary to " the'preservation Of the peace of the world:" But the British Cabinet certainly did not understand the questions brought forward at Verona, by the Plenipo tentiary of his 3lost Christian Majesty, with respect to the ac tual situation and possible conduct of Spain, to he :questions in which the concern of France was so little distinguishable from that of other Powers, as the Duke de Montmorency's Note re presents it. •• The Plenipotentiary of the King of France solicited from his Most Christian lklajesty's Allies a declaration :- Ist. Whether, if France should find herself obliged to recal her Minister from Madrid, and to break off all diplomatic re lations with Spain, they would be disposed to take the like measure, and to recal their several Legations ? 2d. If war should break out between France and Spain, in what form, and by what acts, would they afford to France that moral support, which would give to her proceedings the whole force of the Alliance, and would inspire a salutary fear into the Revolutionists of all countries ? 3d, What were the intentions of 'the several Powers, both as to the substance and the form of the direct assistance which they would he disposed to give to France, in a case in which, upon her demand, their active intervention should become ne- cessary ? France, therefore, originated the discussions upon Spanish affairs at Verona; and the answers of the three Continental Membera of the Alliance were addressed to - the cases supposed, and to the support demanded, by France. In common with the three Continental Powers, the Plenipo tentiary of his Majesty considered the Question of peace or war with Spain, as a question peculiarly French. In blianswer (given in /simultaneously with those of the three Continental Powers) to the queries of the French Plenipotentiary, and .in all the diacussions which followed thereupon, the Duke of NVel lington uniformly alleged; as one, of his reasons for' not assent ing to the propositions o f M. de Montmorency, the ignorance of the British GoVernment as to the antecedent transactions ection was Stattal and communications (during the last two years) betitten the Governments of France and Spain. part of t No ob i i by the Duke of' Wellington, on the King his Master, to the precautionary measures of k'rance, within our own frontier; measures which the right of self.defence plainly authorised, not only' against the danger of contagious disease (in which they professedly originated, and to which till' the month of &Vet-ober they were exclusively avcribed), but whist those inconveniences whiCh might pos sibly arise to t rance from civil contest in a country separated from France only by a conventional line of demarcation; against the moral infection of political intrigne," and against the viola don of French territory by occasional military incursions. But it appeared to his Majesty's Plenipotentiary at Verona to he necessary and just, that, before he was called upon to promise eventually the support of his Government to Measures on the part of France which were likely to lead to war with Spain, op portunity should have been allowed to his Government to exa mine the grounds of Anise ineasures ; that the cause of offence given by Spain to France should have been specifiCally defined. It was therefore impoSsible for his Majesty's Plenipotentiary to 44 concur" in the decisions of Verona. It remains for the undersigned to advert to that part of the French Official Note, which appears 'to insinuate ii reproach against this country, as if she had abandoned at Verona, opi nions avinch she had formerly declared with respect to tbe affairs of Spain. " England," it is said, " partook in 1820 of the inquietude which the Revolution in Spain occasioned to Many great powers ; she foresaw cases in which it might be impossible to preserve with Spain the relations of good Inte ll igence and peace." The undersigned must be permitted to say, that though ques tions were indeed propounded to England in the year 1820, as to possible future conting encies - in the affairs of Spain, as , far from'" foreseeing cases, " and deciding upon the conduct which would be applicable to them, in the manner here de scribed, the British Government positively declined to bind itself, by a contingent opinion, to any conditional course of action. But there was no indisposition or hesitation to avow the prin ciples upon which the opinion of England would be formed, and her course of action regulated. It was not only declared that the British Government disclaimed any general right of interference in the internal concerns of independent nations; but it was specifically stated, that there was perhaps no coun try of equal magnitude with Spain whose internal disturbances would be so little likely to menace other States with that di rect and imminent danger, which could alone, in exception to the general rule, justify oreign interference. The application of these principles to the cases brought for ward by France at Verona, was as direct, as it was consistent with the former professions of the British Cabinet. That ap plication was further oiforced by other considerations, which, though they had not' perhaps been distinctly anticipated in a prospective and hypothetical argument, bore nevertheless with undeniable foice upon the question to be decided at Verona. Dangers not necessarily arising from the existence of the in ternal agitations of Spain, might nevertheless be created by an uncalled for and injudicious interposition in them. The spirit of revolution, which, shut up within the Pyrenees, might ex haust itself in struggles, trying indeed to Spain, but harmless to her neighbours, if called, forth from within those precincts by the provocation of foreign attack, might find, perhaps, in other countries fresh aliment for its fury ; and might renew throughout Europe, the miseries of the five-and-twenty years which preceded the peace of 1815. For these, and abundant other reasons, the voice of his Majesty's Plenipotentiary at Verona was for peace.—The pre servation of general peace is the earnest wish and object of his Majesty ; and the undersigned is commanded to repeat, that no means will be left unexhatisted by his Majesty's Government, which the impartial employment of good offices can afford, to soothe the irritation at present unhappily subsisting betatien the Governments of France and Spain, and to prevent, if possible, the commencement of hostilities, the consequences of which no human foresight can calculate. The undersigned, &c. (Signed) GEORGE CANNING. (Translation of No. 13.)—The Viscount de Chateaubriand to Mr. Secretary. Canning.—Received January 27. Paris, January 23, 1823. The undersigned Minister for Foreign Affairs of his Most Christian Majesty, has laid before the. King the Note, dated the 10th of this month, which his Excellency,- the Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of his Britannic Majesty, has addressed to Viscount Marcellus. He has been commanded to make the following communica tion to his Excellency. The Cabinet of his Britannic Majesty would fall inuf a sc rim; error, if it imagined that France bad represented to the Congress ofi Verona the question of Spain, as having for her an interest entirely separate from that the Allied Powers ; that, consequently she is inconsistent when, in her answer to the pro position of mediation made by England, she maintains that that question is " wholly European." France, since the transactions of Aix-la-Chapelle, is closely united with the Courts, who, by their efforts, have re-establish cd peace upon the Continent. Deeply impressed with the t s e c r y e i d m obligation n o h fl'e leer. r e cl a t n i c e s , 0 f s The th e w i d l l fulfilutiduties t th u e s duties u e which of France was to make known to her Allies the motives which had compelled her to establish an Army of Observation on one of herfrontiers, and to explain her uneasiness on ,approaching events, of which it was easy to calculate the chances. In the position in which the agitations n Spain had placed her, com mon prudence required that she should make herself acquainted with the part which the Allied Powers would take, in the event of war becoming inevitable. This line of conduct-which good sense and reason pointed out, the Duke de Montmorency was bound to follow at Ve rona. The Sovereigns Were of opinion (in which the French Government coincided), that there was imminent danger to society in that military anarchy in Spain, in which those prin ciples were put forth anew, which, during thirty years, had occasioned the misfortunes of Europe. From these general w eo h n i t c e i r l e yi n e ce re s, o p ri a g t a e ul l y ar in q v u o e l s v ti c o d n i s nthe naturally geeranarlandose;l interests, i became tecase the subject of specific discussion. The result of these frank communications was, that France found herself placed in a p os i t i on to act separatAy in a cause which was, as it were, appropriated to her ' without, how ever, seperating her policy from th at o f her Allies ; so that, according .to the impression which the case conveyed, it might be said, without fear of contradiction, that the cues. Lion respecting Spain Was at once " - wh o lly F renc h and wholly European." The undersigned, flattering himself that he has giVen a gads tory answer to the first objection of his Britanic Majesty's prin cipal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, proceeds to the consideration of another point. The Cabinet of the Tuileet have not forgoten, that the prin cipal motive alleged by his Grace the Duke of Wellington at Verona, for not explaining himself upon the eon,: fiederis, was, the ignorance Of his Government ,of the transactions which had taken place between France and Spain, from 1820 to 1822.-- That objection was removed at the Congress, as it will be here, by the singleobservation, that the grievances of which France might have to complain, on the subject of the Spanish Revo lution, were ' unfortunately of public notoriety ; and this is what the undersigned will have occasion to develope in the course of thie Note. 'The Minister for Foreign Affairs of his Britannic Majesty, in reply to an observation contained in the Note of M. le Due de Montmorency, dated the 24th of December, states that the Cabinet of. St. James's has never admitted that there was a case to justify intervention in the affairs of Spain ;' and that there fore it might refuse tg bind itself for the future by expressing an opinion upon contingent and uncertain events. The under signed think s , however, that he has reason s f or no t doubting oatAinnliasi Minister es i er n t eitio a tfal 10 ./ t rdo f fi t p n i t o t / e e l o d f r t a h w e m c 0 f t i h t e u e ss a itt b , in ft e n t d o c f om . L i c l i l n u d n o i ca n , ted in an opinion Charles is Stuart pro t n o le u i n ced Fre t n h c a l t i 'llorleaiY;nl4ol.2kirbsY, Sir an interference in the affairs of Spain would be justifiable... Ist, If the violence of the persons in power led them to an attack against any other States. 2d, If Spain attempted to possess herself of Portugal, or to effect a re-union of the two States. This opinion of the British Cabinet appeared at the time as conformable; with the, general interests of Europe, as with particular' interests, to the care of which every Govern ment has an acknowledged right to attend. The Undersigned regrets that he cannot coincide in opinion with his Britannic Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affeirs, as to the little danger to which the Spanish Re volution exposes the other Powers of Europe. The state of mo. dern civilization, brings one nation into communication w i t h a ll others, however completely it may be insulated by geographi cal position. France, especially, the only country whose frontier touches that of Spain, suffers considerably' from the troubles which agitate the kingdom of Ferdinand. A Revolution which seems to have taken for its model, that of which the traces are not yet effaced; awakens and agitates in the bosom of France a host of passions and recollection& Innumerable proofs exist that the Revolutionists of Spain and of France are in close connec tion ; in all the military conspiracies tried by the French Tribu nals, the name and the hope of the Cortes have invariably ap peared. Offenders escaped from justice have found an asylum in the Peninsula, where they menace and insult with impunity the Monarchy and,the Throne of the Bourbofis. Libel, written in French, and printed in Spain, are scattered abroad amongst the Army of ObserVation, for the purpose of corrupting it.— And even in the English Papers,. the British Government has seen that our soldiers were excited to revolt in the name of Spain. These facts were adniitted by implication by his Grace the Duke of Wellington, when,, iir his diplomatic notes, he ex, tended his approbation to the establishment of the Army of Observation. The very Note to which the undersigned has now the honour to reply, Omfinns all that he here advances, in citing the following extiressions of the Noble Duke ;--" The Duke of Wellington made no 'objection, in the name of the King, his Master, to the precautionary measures taken by France on her own frontiers, whilst these measures were evi dently authorised by the right of defending 'herself, not only against the dangers of' infectious disease, but also against the moral contagion 'of political intrigue; anti finally, against the Violation of the French territory by casual military incursions." This admisslon is' reinarkable,and, besides, did not Pied Mont-and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies rise in the name of the Cortes ?" and is any other proof required, that the Spanish Revolution may pass the limits of the Pyrenees? France then has the right to defend herself against moral contagion. It is equally necessary for her to secure herself against dangers of another sort, since the French territory has been thrice violated by the Constitutional troops of Spain. That France, disquieted in her interior, and armed on her frontiers for her defence, should be under an imperious neces sity to escape from a position so painful to her, is what it is impossible not to acknowledge. Like the British Government, She sincerely desires peace.' She would not have hesitated, in concert with her Allies, to accept the mediation of Engldnd, if the discussion 'of specific. interest were in question ; but it is impossible to establish a basis of' nesociation upon political theo ries, and of arbitration upon principles." For the same reason France could not accede to the proposal which M. de San Miguel made on the 12th of this month, to :the Minister of Great Britain it the Court of Madrid, in order to engage that Power to interfere in the affairs of the French and Spanish Governments—an intervention useless, atlheieast, since it appears that it would have no other object than mea sures relative to the army 'of observation. • If the Cabinet of Madrid is sincere in its communications, • does it need an intermediate channel to transmit them to the Cabinet of the Tuileries ? The latter does not fear to explain itself. Even recently it has made known the reasonable con ditions, by means of which a speedy reconciliation might fse effected. The Comte de la Garde has received orders to communicate confidentially to Sir William A'Court the King's benevolent intentions. His Most Christian Majesty demands, that his Catholic Majesty should, of himself, and by his own authority, apply the necessary modifications to the institutions which have been imposed on the Crown of Spain by the revolt of a few soldiers. To this free concession by King Ferdinand, of the corrected institutions, the King of France thinks that it would be proper to add, a full and complete amnesty for all political acts coin. mined from 1822 up to the day of promulgating, the Royal Concession. Thus would disappear from the Spanish Consti tution the defects, in substance and inform, which endanger all legitimate Monarchies. The Undersigned feels persuaded that propositions so just and. so moderate will obtain the concurrence of all the Cabinets of Europe. The French Government having made every sort of sacrifice to the -desire of avoiding War ; having struggled, perhaps • too long, against public opinion, roused by the provocatio ns of Spain,—has at length reached that last linizt of concession which no Power that respects itself, can with impunity over ste p . Injured in her essential interests, France, w i t h o ut ceasing to offer the most ardent prayers for peace, can no longer shut her eyes to the dangers which threaten her. She has already taken, and she will continue to take, the measures best calculated for putting an end to a state of uncertainty, which compromises alike her safety, her honour, and her dignity. Whatever rosy be the event, France will alwazs have pleasure in relying en the good offices of which the English Government has again been pleased to renew to her the proposal. She will herself use her utmost endeavour to draw closer the ties which so happilV unite the two Monarchies and the two People. (Signed) CH ATEA UB R IA ND. No: 14.—Mr. Secretary Canning to Sir Charles S tuart. Foreign Office, Jan , 211 , 1823. Sin—Shortly after I had dispatched the Messenger yester day, M. de .slarcellus delivered to me the official answer of M. de Chateaubriand to the Note addressed by me to M. de 31ar cellus, on the 10th inst. whAicshitatiopearearsehfredommyoeuryesEtrecerdlallenicyd'isetd3isip.adtecici hoeftetheebri2etntba: though be stated to your Excellency the substance of this Nine, had not furnished you with a copy of it, I think it right to in close a copy for your information. Will U l soz ee qnuee a ee ! tisa rs onry t s co bwro n r s ue i g d ph e ly ra t fo t o i fll o r n v.e. , imar l :b arn yto tbhyisnNo enteeaonfS3SUE:redetbca,ihait teaubriar.d ; since it, in effect, admits all the material propo sitions e ac of the Note, to which it is an answer. t k h n e o x w are leelged in in to have d b eeT:r F r ench q uestions, hae r e ea Franco, athi\evsethernas: into ar the inter:st of France is stated in those questions net as tlis,l i r s from the interest of Europe, but as more immediate ;-- 31 . (1 not denied that the refusal of his Majesty's PlenipotenuarYtat°_ concur in the decisions of Verona, was founded on thsionilt, by France, to substantiate any specific ground of conipl rnt against the Spanish Government. In tiinins t te h ia e rnBv s tlo ub d se ec q u u n en ed t p an ar t t ic o ip f a l:l in . gdebyCilLa:etuibcairia:adses's Ni'o,ll,ltircitiulTine the assertion of my Note of the 10th inst.—that Great it di s puted might be impossible to remain at peace with Spain, is ion , the only two cases which are cited in exception to that ststr:_ ;„ ar lu th e el d cases wh co o ed l n l , y cernth in a d st ep eu en f.eo d adthe en mir t nottedfattihonetiprincyle of interfere e internal Spain; first, if Spain herself s holl e d n b e e ces ta s i i i t ity ofo against other states, and secondly and s pecifically, it's" attempt to possess herself of Portugal. Br ll ta n i q n u w es e t u io ld na a b a l l y ilit, wi no th t erezrteipto e e t et th i e v r e ? y f a t l l l and as to Spain, but positively . and directly as to any whatever, that aggression against any of it. 4 neighrboi;urs w on justify war; and that aggression against ,Fortol , r al . , ° ,., 11 , 1(1 413- pose upon Great Britain the duty of protecting ` ( lid o f in. But these admissions leave the question as to the rie terference in the affairs of Spain, where it WAS. Note With respect to that part of M. de Chateaubnatnon _ „ lc & which descnbes the nature of the deniands intended , Ilu d; 1 0 1 n o f by' France upon Spain, and takes credit for ot as t° the ference with France and the Allies throaighout, 1? ° from Sr in ' i l ie n tif t ues le sel pe in. n o d ur e T n h t eey S es ta m t sed e u s arrangements which it might be desirable to o btain e „,_. but as to the principle upon which France and th dit and o ti ffi n l c .c t o k ul i rnt i o t xte i c s ,: t u b froen eu mcyn iore important them ; your Excellency will not fail to obsetirivee.,lnttl etrOu"r pose to require them. r 1; 18 1 t ' e e di f s r e e l q a u i n t g *o r an ot y i g , e e a n i n d tdheen internalfor od c i r a rw r a.t ta° i r t vi n ?;cag t rsr i l' on s a s'll° se ' s iriti(')lsl e alie t; c,erewhtwiilaiieulthemsgnitevodhanaeekernaeoiruiennfcte jhathoctufdeiosieorlscin.tfoilhantt;:dw:sibilitti.eoldt!tli:,tf,yit,3o.ol;:,:cn,it_iedevi_grc.itveibhvt:eiaieso:7,i to impress upon the vu, at a . to spa - n for their sake and at their desire we are suggesting those w i hich a tone of friendly tounsel, alterations similar to , France is. PruP.°sing as the alternative of hostilities. his briand, when you acknowledge on my part the the in friendliness of expressions towards his country, 3• el_ l 4 llc , it de form el. de Chateaubriand that his Majesty's Oovernt rives the liveliest satisfaction; at the sante time thanoltto " which with deep regret, the tendency of that part of the. , appears to indicate an expectation of hostilities wit! I am, &c. NO G. (Signed) G E 0 RGE CA His Excellency the Right Hon. Sir Charles Stuart, G.C.B. &c. &c. &c. sarseamsesisas srosurastszelega. ' i , D git T H pY i E t B U B AHD II LT O evening Lrog he Drogheda, u o e s n d at the e , hF l Bth inst .) E , L o yD g ) l , a nE n w a l a sit:: moil-coach, att, at acked p i w i e l t i i c n e :i c t :1:;(11c1 last i hre e hills, and robbed of the mail and all the assns. le. T 1 leder, Plac" interrupted in its progress by two drays and a -4 hoyiae r ," nearly across the road. Nugent, the coachlna t , ll i n wede" , perceiving that . the passage was not compleitey vo lleY dashed the horses at the opening, close to the &tlt. ...;'nf t he of 14 or 15 shots was immediately fired, by wll/ 01 ,_ °„ ll an bed it , leaders was killed, and the object which the ees,' l t ar gea view wasahus frustrated. Mackay, the guard, °!i ita l l ;" it j 5 arms bid the villains having been sheltered bY t iyhre ' d feared without effect ; several shots were subsetineo...,,,c,iere rtihmenadbf,anewandidttinialmoubnateesio.faiwsoTnchpasied_etrtsikdeffedei:rce.otQ.uusegpnioignetirlive was u . soon gu d es" n th ie e n g eed uard rifi V g fa t l h len e ,cotehy.illTitinhse sliieoeikveetrsliitilswieembraseet'lbrni;.,sal:,:pi and property to a considerable amount has, we ! ; ',4 passe: fallen into their ssion. 6 lady, who was an Oil; ro eher a l ger, was robbed of every thing she possessed. c a ll continued for nearly an hour examining tie luggag , an d gni!. at length departed, taking with them the nutil-100 w as re" At. three o'clock this morn i ng , when t he Derry Co i a lt e,i; pq ,ers; turning to town, the luggage of the passengers, t',ons Os. &c., were found strewcealong the road. Infornia.t3ziogisuntes above facts were this day sworn before the P° lice (-Dublin Evening Mail ',see tea Chase tlelyoi n i) cases,ote, moment Gvicoi Anisteldant 12 12 6 Ditto, at sight i i 0 Rotterdam ................. , COURSE OF EXCHANGE, r li I 1 6 . 8 c . 1, A pa ti r t i i , :e a rp , , 7ty . :, .. ,i . g .. nt ............. .......... .... 2_3 1 , . .: $0 I : i. . ji,), ? : ... , Hitmlnirgh .. . s : i 0 . 14' . Altana , Ditto I, l ona flout deaux, ditto .... .................. :: , 5 , o •. ,,, e l d ice Fratiktortoo the Alain ..... . • 3 i root I Madrid ............................... _t f; :oectio Cadiz . ............ . .................... 3 36 , t, Rilhoa .................................. ~..,i Barcelona ieville 13. _Zlbralt ni a e r : o , . ... ot: t bit o iai et il ..... iro. " :d . : .. ii.: ................................................................................................................................................................ ii:os, Leghorn • • ................. . ..... .„ Palo too - ll4 1 4 Oport l F P ß' ol isu r r b t e :j u i :l n al Gold, i o Coin ..... •'...•........... a : "i'l - o ...... S NN :tv ww e li rr ) :: lll ß l)'ll :rEs ............... ; .............................. .. ~ 3• 1• I _ _ ~, . . . - ........... . . • • • • hisOentr3acelonthdeayArebyhbalopeorialMofAliFll;onl7:Prir t v b e e r i n ve rr en k e l t o t r ;?: ll . of the near relations of Archbishop of parties, Emma .Agucalt i l ► a coun t / 11i Cum of Henry Bwed, of arhY-Castle, i n .; .... Cumberland, to the Right !fon, William Lord ret'—,------.. _.....-------- ate SOW' Printed a nd Published for the Paarattirouo9 st_s, Office, No. 112, Strand , by J. B. CA)I lITAIN