The Sun. — London, England, 1852-08-23 00:00:00

Our market, today, was again heavily supplied with each kind of foreign stock, the gpresal quality or Which was by no means first rate. Anar,n.,, , ,st the supply were 39 Oxen from Oporto, in miserable condition — they !oiling valued at only 61 pi , r head. From our own grazing districts, the arrivals or Beasts were considerably on the increase, and there was a decided improvement to the condition of the Shorthorns compared with Mon clay last. A few very superior Scots produced the late improvement in the currencies; but the general top quo tations for B ee f did not excee d 3s 81 to 3s 10d per BlUs., hence the trade was considered somewhat heavy at a r eduction in prices of 2d per 81bs. From Lincoln shit°, Leiceitershire, and Northamptonshire, we r eceived i ne ar l y 3,000 Sh orthorns. Th e su pply of mg from other parts of England was con fined to 4 00 Hereford ,evons. &c.; and, from Scotland 68 H orne d and Polled Scots. ao supply of all breeds of Sheep, especially from the Midland and northern districts, was unusually large, an d of fair average quality; neverthehiss the Mutton trade Was firm at the improvement in the quotations re- Ported on thi s d ay se ' nn i g h t . The primest old Downs inquiry 4i t o 43 2d per B lb s . We had only a limited eaquiry for Lambs, the number of which wa s seasonabl y ex tensive, and in some instances prices, which ruled f rom 4s to 5s per Sins, were a shade lower t han last week. Prim e small Calves moved off fre el y at full prices, In other kinds of Veal only a limited business tts transacted at late rates. The sale for igs was ' ea vy, but we have no change to notice in their value. Per Bibs. to sink the offal. !Wert S. d. to S. d. S. d. to s. d "4 qßualittsy eas.•• •• 2 8 210 Sec... 2 4 2 6 Inferond val. Sheep 3 ior Sheep ..... 214 3 6 0 3 2 ~,, pi. PrizTl: z iar ge Oxen.. 3 0 3 6 Coarse-weolledditto 3 8 310 La''''ta •••• • • 3 8 310 Southdown Werner 4 0 4 2 r.- ''' e c oarse Calves 2 8 3 6 Ditto outof the woo l ° 0 0 0 hi ire s lnall ditto .. 3 8 4 0 Large Hogs ......2 8 3 4 Lame' Calves • •18 0 24 0 Small Pork ers •••• 3 6 3 8 ' ..... •• 4 0 5 0 Quarter ol d Pi g s ..16 0 19 0 TOTAL SUPPLY AT MARKET, Sheep. Calves. I Piga. I I 33,760 :399 245 Beasts FOREIGN SUPPLY. 1,774 Shee p . Calves. 1 Pigs. 30 7,600 I 315 A. Stat ement and Comparison of the Supplies a n d Prices of Fat Stock exhibited and sold in Smithfield Cattle Market, en m o „ 23 ""aY, Aug. 25, ISM, and this day, Monday , Aug. ) 1852. Beasts. 4,827 Per Blbs., to sink the oflals. Aug. 25, 1851. Aug. 23, 1852 s. d. s. d. S. d. s. d. Coarse and inferior Beasts ... ... 2 4to 2 6 2 4to 2 6 p.`'ullEl quality ditto ... 2 8 210 2 8 210 Prime lar ge Oxen. . ... 3 0 32 3 0 3 6 r ,2 111 e Scots, 3 4 3 6 3 8 310 'pine and inferior Sheep... ... 2 6 2 82 10 3 2 quality ditt o ... ... 210 3 0 3 4 3 6 Primei 9tn °l4 e eoar se - woolled ditto ... 3 2 3 6 3 8 310 Southdown ditto ... ... 3 8 310 4 0 4 2 tar 8. " „.. .„ „. 310 410 4 0 5 0 p ri gs coars e Calves ... ... 2 6 3 2 2 8 3 6 L ar u le small ditto ... ... 3 4 3 6 3 8 4 0 small Po rkers • _ 2 4 3 2 2 8 3 4 ••• 3 4 3 8 3 6 3 8 Beasts ... 4,642 4,827 Sheep and Lambs ... 31,560 33,760 ): 3 Calves 3 9 8 5 3 399 245 Zhee ON SALE, • AUG. 26, 1850.—Beasts, 4,184; P and Lamb s , 31,620 ; Calves, 3 32 ; Pigs , 255 . Calvije.Z*22s ; 27, 1 849.—Beasts, Beasts, 4,323; Sheep and Lambs , 32,070 ; 220. Th I MN 7 GATE AND 2.1311.DENEL&X. 7 .. %ark° supplies of each kind of meat on offer in these etB h ; Part on the increase—though, for the most ! d u , middling condition—the general demand is in a ai ,Fgish state. In prices, however, we have very little "'elation to notice. At per stone by the Carcase. eef, 1 44 , 4 s. 3. to s. d. d. to s. 6 . r 4- -6 1, 1 7••••• • 2 2 2 4 Mutton, inferior •• 2 8 210 D l ,, a ‘g •• •• 2 6 2 8 I ----middling.. 3 0 3 6 elarge •• 210 3 0 ----- prime .... 3 8 4 0 Veit r '"'e small .. 3 2 3 4 Pork, large •• •• .... 2 6 210 *** '••••••. 2 8 310 - small .• •• .... 3 0 3 6 Lamb. 42 Od to, 5s Od. , has A.ND SPITAXXXELDS. lat e l y been remarked that the supplies of Potatoes tot j'„, ec eived here from Essex, Kent, Surrey, &c., have tr ooe V'eased much in size; yet they have exhibited no larg e ' " disease. The supplies on offer to-day are S steady business is doing in them, at from - 1452 per ton. We 23 0ILOUGH HOP MILICELET , kliOp havelast a slightly improved demand for the finest 'ter 8 "14 t year ' s growth; but all other kinds c ommand are little attention. Th e accounts from the planta tions 19 0 idered fa voura bl e , and the duty is cal led 6/ o to 200,000/. Mid and E ast K ent p ockets. 8s t ,: l ui , lO s; Weald of Kent, 6/ to 71 Os; Sussex, 5/ 2/ 10-3p7:! s s; Yearlings, 31 lOs to 51; Old Olds, 11 to per cwt. Th e a WOOL. tuf. demand for all kinds ot Wool, owing to the ma he;eturers being well in stock, is heavy,and •-a pr!c, 1,.. 0n e , 1 4 downward tendency. Last week's imports into 1 ,64 ; on were 3,186 bales from Sydney, 83 from Malta, kenos fr°4l Algoa Bay, 136 from Mogadore, 18 from 1 44 11 6 % Ayres, 327 from Hamburgh, 252 from Bombay, °° from Launceston. Si max.x.ovr. Tallow most kinds of Monday last the demand for 1 1 ,„ has ruled steady, notwithstanding that arrivals h ot ; taken place from Russia, and the stock in ware at 89° is place To-day old P.Y.C. on the spot is firm 37 8 6 10 a to 39 3 6 , 1; and new, 40s per cwt. Town Tallow to 38s per cwt net cash; rough Fat, average, 2s the f a e s t 81 b. Contracts for the delivery of Tallow during T he Itliree months have been closed at 39s per cwt. elt,o4Pignustents from St. Petersburgh have been 9,520 15, 824 ditto in 1851. 1848. 144 Mil day 13,783 Hof -y. r ) c . y 44!‘ _8(.% ArriVala liv er 37 last week . e " u to Ditto frern hne 1, 2, 90 2 556 lastk~lB • 1'358 bitto frolo Ju l a e 24,808 Nee of To wn 47s 6d 1849. 1850. 1851. 25,583 24,228 39s Od 368 6d to OsOd t03780d 1,301 I 1,7 88 14,161 14,919 1,614 374 14,276 i 13,583 40s Od 388 Od 33,006 388 Od to 388 31 1,519 15,863 2,477 12,336 398 6d 41,158 39s 3d to 39s 6d 1,724 13,096 2,674 13,626 40s 3d Lip. ) , ------ rc.i.o PLACE AT TIPTREE. ''' IN THE RA ---T is the great tank, to the month the farm 'Win gs Aullth nv , • ._ we ' wit up the side of a w r e ou l g o h ok mo d u o n w d n . ••••• Win= vw ''' "apl e of trap-doors being opened, 4 40 a the gloomy vault the ro of the size of a small cottage, te v.i re in there sle e p, in a dull, heavy way, 4 tis o f a great many things. Every atom of ma -61111,3 up the farm, all offal, every dead dog or sheep, - buried here. Cattle dead of disease are skinned, cat quarters, and thrown down this trap-door. : What is the density of this mass, Mr. Mechi?" L e Were all to jump in, it would float us all, and an ele roli.at or . two into - the bargain." This is a country supply . t ` e Meches Magic Paste, intended to improve the blades 4 _gr s grass and corn. Any gruel so thick and slab never `,.3Let concocted in a witch's cauldron; a frog would be f er r _ l cilo a ttlous drop to row into such a bucket; and the than I bourers who "round aboutthis cauldron go," if t „ Y ; r ead Shaltspare, must think him far from having t a h t— ned sublimity in his ideal of afilthy mess. This is collected tii e ,une : ice lh i2 on a single farm, every grain . of *hieh the efg __ . seed upon the farm, fulfilling its appointed : g s e c , h e e l m ov e er o , f nature, is ready to convert into pass 5.:.? II h. This againpoolainsdntehteallSiksllwehhieohfwllilelspond, but pelir;te Bethesda to the sickly land about it. Over this large a tank would b e t we naay well think how . of requir e d to hold the filth of London, and filth lii partly Ant another Such atavia,.., city. th e T t '' . '_ under towns, pours into the rivers ; it ripens crops pfoarrtlyundekrtakweersshamil i n th" Y, and yields crops for butchers and fo , p elt 0 . field. If we look down into r bakers coul d e , now that the pool is stirred, .noistoplirdop7rhleye!, v f h " !neve in the thick mass to this . ___„ l . liaia ll i t e Im o Could not manage is done by the =pa , air ~ ellbgtanCe of the air. Powerful streams o f gin';'re forced in from below by the adjoining ethne t, Map and slowly ' ..lage ~ 8 e make their way upward, . surface, and str ang e as Stirs, the scum breaks upon its pass it%id e : ~411aPes of corruption rise to the top, slowly dreg w Tl ' i binir— again. Water, drained from t o r e a d rm e — x. eet : Qt at once puffed 'the land up as a diseas 'wit h thb' a bog tumour—flows into the tank, is mixed thanue; 'here solid matter, and having thinned liquid : tit re, t ( h ro t t an tt ee, huoub me„steare-engiee at lies unde the strong . t d.e. passes with it, in the form of r the st e . 131.13 T e h t r n ough piper five inches in • 1 It series o f : oath-engine forces a th() fertilising stream into th e 8 ,..„ tub b 8, which run under the brown skin of with ' II as arteries run under our own . skins, t c a h n a k rg t e o d . day notirishinent Whatever rots in the to there will proba bly * b . 'n tir o re is , r n h o wae of e grow tt l er g and Z . : tr e:P . ! I n: -1713-Teer manu re n in a Cher© is no waste in the field to-morrow; ngtivte hen might be transformed shape vegetables ' and be back in the •' idle 1 1 . ‘ „, 4 . twelv e of manure, es instead of lying old month as it it does occasionally tal l it ? h ed farmy f' la th e farm into which ‘ al e great stomach of the a n l - Nothing lies idle.a.Tiipatree.aliTthee.. of il r ill'S blood through pipes under the whole surface th° far as f ood, and forms the chyle that is to pass as e et "l e : land . ato e „ rtew death. which returns to the It create's new life, out of which there rea h , e n and builds up new life egain. in k - 'sge at leap -frog, the pot here is always kept c e e n nb t oo r )i a l e l th e ' h a a . death in the pot becomes life in the pasture. P E n ' 3 8 " nousehold Words." PE driite4PALE HEROISM—During th e l a te gale a barge , 4 tamer ash ore near Ca wsan d b eac h , and the crew , two in Wrp eite l not knowin g the coast, and considering they were threw themselves overboard and attempted to l 'elloi,7 Wim " ° re• It being just after nightfall, and a heavy sea b g . at the time, their situation was not noticed for some d rikshedl.lt eventually a Mrs. Oliver perceived their peril, an Were IMO the water arms high, and rescued both men, who gsjujerY much exhausted, from a watery grave. Having ~uv th e shore restorativesre were used, and they are now t ie a-es s ee nt ,- - lr %e n % 0 N A Pic -NIC ExcuRSIO , N.—A. large party 14(4 led, recently, at Saint Jesu 1 Angely, to celebrate a after I ,, n ; g• The, weather ' being very warm they adjourned, beeh;,"'nher, to the garden, where there were a number of to o ( Wes- They were cautioned by the proprietor not to go or t ',;:° B e to them, but his advice was disregarded, and one tle,i'o ef the party were stung. The sufldrers were imp/u -sto,..eeeugh to attempt to revenge themselves by. throwing etta,,T,. at the hive, when the whole of the bees sallied out and io them. hey were obliged to fly and . take refuge ants, houses near, closely followed by their winged assail °, The b ees, on finding they could not avenge themselves set etc tormenters attacked a poor horse in a cart, whr d icehto r r ri ct 's i t a gallop, and a l so two dogs, one of which, 1 r iver jumped into . .t.sell of its torm en t ors, pru d en tly the - Aqu t n , e, „ NG Too Muca.—A young couple bout th ', Luer in a romantic spot, with birds and flowers r if th ri_ , when the following dialogue ensued :—" MY deco, il ld I I,"erifice of my life would pleas° thee, most Nveresi a tking gladly it Just reminds it at thy feet."-- ,, Oh, Sir, you are too kMd • ,,_ 7, l ' a rnaind s me that I wish you'd stop wing tobacco ,L... very„n t think of it. It's a habit to which lam wedded. f., well, Sir, since this is the way you lay down your li , fe ~r _ e, and as you are already wedded to tobacco, I'll t ake bigamy„ care you are Dever wedded to me, as it mig aray. ., would be THE SUN, LONDON, SPORTING NOTES. No. COXC. THE EGITANI MEETING. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—TOe majority of the stakes at this meeting holden on the famed linnumede do not chse until this evening. The list shows live races for Tuesday, and the same number for Wednesday; four out of these only have yet closed. - The Surrey and Middlesex Stakes, two miles 220 yards, ought to be carried off by HESSE HOMBURG; but if it shcutd not be thought by the Captain worth run ning for, BILBERRY will, in :all probability, secure the stkes. The King John Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft, with 50 added, notwithstanding the mighty names of Cineas and Pharos being enrolled in the list, will be won by Gossir, who has an allowance of 31133., Bountiful, in all likelinoo, being the second animal. _ _ - - The Runnymede Stakes of 10 soya. each, h ft, 84 C.5 over the mile course, will probably produce the most interesting race of the first day. Dame Tattle, Lady in Waiting. Llawbletonian, and Merry Peal, have all shown forth lately in a very favourable light. Longinus at the weight-Bit for a five yea; s old—and over the length in which he was to most advantage, must be highly dan gerous; in fact, if I look to him or LADY IN WAITING to produce the winner, with Merry Peal and Dime Tattle in the third and fourth positions, I think I shall about foreshadow the result. _ The only stake closed on Wednesday is that 'yclept the Magna Charts, for two and three years old. This ought to be won by Mr. Clarke's POETESS; for, with her allowance as a mare, and 51bs as having been beaten more than once, she will only have to carry Bst 61b; which, I think, bad as she is, she may be able to do. After her Tavistock looks as good as anything. The betting this morning on the Eghani events is as follows:—Surrey and Middlesex Stakes—Even on Hesse Homburg, 2 to 1 agst Bilberry, 3 to I each agst Con stantine and Edward of York. King John Stakes — Even on Gossip, 4 to 1 each agst Cineas. Bracelet, and Bountiful, 5 any other. The Runnymede Stakes-5 to 2 agst Lady in Waiting, 3 to 1 agst Dame Tattle, 4 any other. I am, Sir, &c., Aug. 23. THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF. COURT CIRCULAR. OSBORN E, SiTURDIT. Her Majesty, his Royal Highness Prince Albert, with their Royal Highnesses Princess Louisa, Prin cess Helena, and Prince Arthur, embarked at Tri nity-wharf, in the Royal steam-yacht Fairy, at a quarter-past four o'clock yesterday afternoon, and proceeded to Cowes-roads, to witness the regatta and aquatic sports which took place there. The Royal party returned at half-past six o'clock. The Countess of Desert, Lord Colville, and Colonel Bouverie were in attendance. Duke George and the Grand Duchess of Mecklen burg, attended by Madame Jaffimovitch and M. Chrontschoff, arrived at a quarter before seven, on a visit to the Queen. SUNDAY. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Al bert, accompanied by the Baroness Speth, and at tended by the Countess of Desart and the Hon. Mary Seymour, drove out yesterday afternoon in the neigh bourhood of Ryde. Lord Colville was in attendance on horseback. The Royal party returned to Osborne at half-past seven o'clock. Lord Milford, Mr. Caesar Hawkins, President of the College of Surgeons, and Mr. W. A. Eade, had i n t er views on Saturday with Mr. SecretaryCWal pole, at the Home. office. The Cambridge University Commission had a meeting on Saturday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—the Bishop of Chester, the Dean of Ely, Professor Sedgwick, and the Rev. W. 11. Bateson (secretary). Dispatches were sent from the Colonial-office, on Saturday, to the Governor of New Zealand. Dis patches were received on Friday night from the Go vernors of the West India Islands. COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) COWES, AUG. 21. ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON REGAT rA. SAILING MATCH FOR THE ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON CUP, VALUE 100 GUINEAS. At eleven o'clock the following yachts started with a nice little breeze from the N N.E.:— Mosquito cutter, 50 tons, Lord Londesborongh. Aurora ditto, 45, Le Merchant Thomas, Esq. Arrow ditto, 102, T. Chamberlayne, Esq. Lavrock ditto, 72, Capt. C. Hamlyn Williams, R.N. Gloriana schooner, 134, Joseph Geo, Esq. Claymore ditto, 138, A. Campbell, Esq. Alarm ditto, 248, Joseph Weld, Esq. The wind was in favour of the smaller vessels, and the cutters hung well together, the schooners hanging on their quarters, so that there was scarcely a minute be tween them on rounding the Nab, the Arrow at 12.44, the Mosquito 12.45, Aurora 12.48, Lavrock 12,501. Claymore 12.51-i, Gloriana 12.52, Alarm 12 : 54. The wind decreasing, the schooners made but little ground; the cutters got into Shanklin Bay, when it fell stark calm, and the committee, with the commodore, in the Medina steamer, which accompanied the yachts, decide d soon after two o'clock on terminating the race and agreeing with the wind for that day. The Mosquito was at this timo the first vessel, the Arrow the second, the schooners a mile astern; the orders were no sooner given than the anchors were let go. Soon after a light breeze sprung up from the S.E., enabling the yachts to return to Cowes Roads by the road they went out. They are to start again on Monday morning, when we hope there will be a stiff breeze. The following yachts are at the station:—Her Ma jesty's yachts, the Victoria and Albert, the Fairy, and the Elfin; the Xarife, the Earl of Wilton Commodore; the Capricorn. C.R. M. Talbot,Esq., M.P.,Vice-Commo: dore; Alarm, Joseph Weld, Esq. ; Bacchante Pearl Eliza beth,WizArd, Amazon, lone, Nymph, Stella, Sea serpent Osprey, Constance, Gauntlet, Lavrock,Turquoise, Gipsey Queen, Susan, Aurora, Arrow, C am ill a , Spider, Cygnet, Claymore, Mosquito, Nautilus, Dolphin, Plover, Ripple, Freak, Fancy, Leda, Beatic, Frisk, Pandora, Maritana,' Sybil, Lotus, Flower of Yarrow, &c., & c . At one time we counted thirty-two schooner yachts, and nearly sixty cutters and pleasure vessels. The steam-packets with difficulty thread their way through them. Aug. 22—A fine day, with a slashing breeze from the N.E.; such a spanking breeze to-morrow, and we may calculate on a fine day's sport. Barometer, 30.01. A FRAGMENT. Night fades away, and Morning's gradual birth Sheds bloom and freshness o'er the awakened earth, Gladly the wild lark flutters towards the Day, The diamond dew-drops glitter on the spray, And the rose-petals open to the sun, Blushing—like Beauty—at being gazed upon. R. S. M. AMERICAN NEWS. LIVERPOOL, AUG. 22. The Europa has arrived, with advice.s from New York to the 11th inst., and 726,000 dolls. in specie. The Pacific arrived out on the Bth. The Washington correspondent of the New York Herald, writing on the 10th, says that President Fill more and Mr. Secretary Webster had had a violent altercation relative to the fisheries question, and that Mr. Webster was about to retire from the Cabinet. In confirmation of this, several waggon-loads of fur niture belonging to Mr. Webster had been shipped on board a Boston packet. Mr. Webster had written to a friend that be would visit Washington to wind up his business, and retire. In the House of Representatives, on the 10.1), the Speaker laid before the House a message from the President of the United States in reply to a resolu tion asking what has been done on the subject of the fisheries on the coast of British North America. He gives no information different to that heretofore corn - municated to the Senate. The message was referred to the committee on foreign affairs. A schooner, which arrived at Boston on the 9 th from Prince Edward's Island, reported the seizure of the schooner Lion for fishing off the islands. The vessel was reported to have been in a calm at the time, and fully three miles from land. The fishing schooner Florida was seized and taken into Charlotte Town on the sth. The New York Herald says the fisheries question had become the chief topic of discussion throughout the country. " There appears," it says, "to be but one opinion as to the final result of the controversy, and that is, that the American fishermen must be pro tected in their just rights, let the consequences be what they may. Indeed the affair seems to assume a more serious aspect every day, and unless a great deal of caution is exercised by both Governments, the finale of the flare•up on the part of our provincial neigh bour may really terminate more seriously than was at first apprehended. We have a rumour from the fish ing banks that one American vessel has actually been fired into, which may or may not be a fiction ; but at all events, if the statements of the passengers and crew of the American schooner Lion, of Brookhaven, which was seized off Prince Edward's Island, be correct, the British are certainly carrying things beyond their proper limits. Those on board of the Lion at the time state that she was becalmed, and fully three miles from the land. This must be in quired into with promptness, Lnd, if the story is correct, she must be released. According to a dis patch from Boston, another schooner, the Florida, was captured and taken into Charleston on the sth inst." The Boston Advertiser of the 7th publishes a state ment of the captain of a fishing-vessel arrived at Co basset, to the effect that an American fishing-vessel had been fired into and sunk by a British cruiser, for refusing to come to when ordered. The Boston Transcript of the 7th says that the condemnation and sale of the American schooner Carral had been ascertained to be wholly illegal, as the seizure was a mistake, and intended for another vessel. A dispatch, dated Warrington, August 9, says— " ➢Zr. 'Webster returned to this city this morning. ' Commodore Penny was to have an interview with Admiral Seymour on Saturday. The fishing question will, in Mr. Webster's opinion, be settled. The Administration does not wish Congress now to pass the measures about light-duties. They wish to reserve the question. Havannah advices to the 2d inst. state that great excitement prevailed in consequence of the alleged discovery of a political conspiracy, in which a number of influential persons were said to be engaged. A large number of seditious documents were reported to have been found, and the persons accused of circulating them had been arrested. The markets were generally unchanged, and but little business was doing. The Herald says there is reason to believe that the Japan expedition has been abandoned. On the 9th the Senate requested the President to communicate all the correspondence that had taken place between the United States and Peru regarding the Lobos Islands. The President had not replied to the Senate, but a letter from Mr. Secretary Webster to Captain James Jewell, master of the barque Phi lomeia, had been published. It appeared to be in reply to an inquiry as to whether citizens of the United States could take guano from the Lobos Islands without infringing on the rights of other nations. The following is a copy of Mr. Webster's letter : " Department of State, Washington, June 5,1852. " Sir,—l have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 2d inst. inquiring whether citizens of the United States can take guano from the Lobos Islands, which are situated near the coast of Peru, without in- /ringing upon the rights of the citizens, or subjects, or Government of any other nation. In reply, I have to inform you that if those islands should lie within the distance of a marine league from the continent, or if, being further than that distance, should have been dis covered and occupied by Spain or by Peru, the Peru vian Government would have a right to exclude there from the vessels and citizens of other nations, except u pon such conditions as it might think proper to pre scribe.iooe c h . yuPpte occupancy. nk u ce y t n tn a nd n es be ,b wa no shies n d co o ef u g b du t sa t en h oo a v t is now y h n e o aw t n i t ea l h e i o t 11ef Chincha oud e dhprloes upon a c That article was taken from those islands and used as a manure by the Peruvians anterior to the conquest of Peru by Spain. It continued to be so taken and used through out the Spanish dominions in that country, and this practice has been kept up to the present day. Al though those islands are uninhabitable, the custom of resorting to them from the neighbouring continent for the purpose of procuring guano may be said to have constituted such en occupancy of them as to give the Sovereigns of the continent a right of dominion over them under the law of nations. This department, ihow ever,s no t aware that the Lobos Islands were either discovered or occupied by Spain or by Peru, or that the guano on them has ever been used for manure on the adjacent ooast or elsewhere. It is certain that the dis tance from the continent is five or six times greater than is necessary to make them a dependency thereof pur suant to the public law. On the other hand, it is quite probable that Benjamin Morrell, jun., who, as master of the schooner Watson, of New York, visited those islands in September, 1823, wa y justly claim to have been their discoverer, lie gives a tall account of them in his nar rative, published in New York in 1832. Under these cir cumstances, it may considered bethe duty of this Government to protect citizens of th e U n i te d Stat es who may visit the Lobos Islands for the purpose of obtaining guano. This duty will be more apparent when it is considered that the con sumers of Chincha Island guano in this country might probably obtain it for half the price they now pay, were it not for the charges of the Peruvian Government. I shall consequently communicate a copy of this letter to the Secretary of the Navy, and suggest that a vessel of war be ordered to repair to the Lobos Islands for the purpose of protecting from mcles tation any of our citizens who may wish to take guano from them. " I am, Sir, very respectfully, your obedient ser vant, " DANIEL WEBSTER, " Captain James C. Jewell, Master of the barque Philomela." " is considered important that this letter should not be made public at present?' The Secretary of the Navy directed Commodore M'Anley, of the Pacific squadron, to send a war vessel to those islands to protect the interests of American citizens who might be there. The Government of Peru have lately, however, en. deavoured to give proof to the United States Govern ment that they have exercised, long since, rights of ownership of the Lobos Islands. Mr. Joseph R. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, had been nominated as Minister to England. In the money-market exchanges had been in good demand, London being quoted 1104 to 110 k, an d Paris 5 15 to 5 134. Stocks had been active, and railroad bonds were in request by capitalists. The accounts from all the cotton growing districts were extremely favourable, and the market continued remarkably buoyant ; the stock on hand being prices had advanced id. and ic. per lb. The l Sa es for the preceding three days amounted to 9,400 hales. The " fall" trade had scarcely commenced, but sufficient bad been done to denote a healthy, pro. fitable business. The sales of tobacco during the same period in. eludes 73 bhds. of Kentucky, at 44c. • in' 40 hhds. of Ilavannah, at 35c.; 620 bales of Mayre, an private terms, &c. Scotch pig iron continues in great request, a n d is sold at an advance, 100 tons have realised 21 dolls. at I six months. to —_____,---- G s tA l ir E ro x w m er i f ß u i l Trom.—ik valuable, n ewly-invented , —T y l er; by which a person can waistcoat pocket glass, the size of a . walnut,t. be they answer seen and known 1i miles distant , [ADVERTISEMENT.] every purpose 4 miles ; they are invaluable to Sportsmen on the Race-course, at the Opera-houses ; country scenery for shooting, deer stalking, ytach Albemarle-street, Piccadilly . , and R. Solomons, Opticians, 39, A e es—A new and- ob serve, opposite the _ crk-hotel. Telescop Telescopes, possessing such extra. men, Gamekeepers, and Touns sih--Tge'be hthadanatelltersasresy.eSpiiet oppos. v wi Saturn's Ring, and the important invention irk Teles ordinary powers, that some, 3i inches, will show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons,.. weighing only three Double Stars. Wit the same Telescope, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every ounces, can be seen a person's.countenanceo3aenaddißstaacnet-, other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Race course glasses, with wenderful powers; an object can be clearly seen f rom 1 4 to 16 m il es distant. Alessr s. S. and B. Solomons, Opticians, have invented invaluable preserving Spectacle Lenses, immediately they are placed before imper. vision,feet every obj ec t appears clear and distinct, the most aged defective sight b ecomes bright and brilliant , is brought to its youthful, natural, and original state. The Invisible Or ganic Vibrator, and an kinds of Acoustic instruments for relief of extreme deafness.-39, Alb ermar l e -street, Piccadilly , ob serve opposite the York H ote l . The Duchess of Northu m b er l a nd has arrived from S y dney, whence she sailed on th e 23d of April, with 4 ,0 4 1 "' ac es of gold, valued at 18,2001, SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—By this time we hope our dispute with the United Slates of America is over, and we trust that all parties will return without delay to those amicable feelings and friendly relations which our own Government h as so nee dl ess ly disturbed. It is not, however, of th e o b v i ous an d glaring errors of the Government of En g l an d, or t h e w ild a nd precipitate proceedings of the A mer i can L eg i s l a t ur e, that we wish now to speak. O ur d es i re i s to ma k e the danger we have just escaped th e su bj ect o f a f ew practical reflec tions, which we sub m it t o t h e goo d sen se of the Eng lish nation. We have been on the verge of a war with a nation which, from its identity in race and language with ourselves, would have proved a truly formidable enemy—a maritime and commercial people who would have met us with our own arms, on our own element, and visited our commerce with mis - chiefs similar to th ose w hi c h we s h ou ld have in flicted upon their s . S o c l ose l y are t h e t wo countries united, that every i n j ury which we might inflict on our enemy would h ave b een a l most as i njur ious to our merchants as bombarding our own towns, or sin kin g our own ships. A n d yet i t i s no exaggera tion to say that with this peopl e we were on t h e ver y verge of war, for, had we persevered in carrying out with a high hand, by seizure and confiscation, our own interpre tation of the treaty, a collision with the American Commodore was unavoidable; and such a collision must almost necessarily have been followed by a formal declaration of hostilities. Now, what is the question which has so nearly led to such serious re sults ? It is simply whether a certain number of the salt fish consumed in these islands shall be caught by citizens of the United States or natives of our own colonies. The question whether American fishermen shall be allowed to spread their nets in the Bay of Fundy is one in which the people of this country have no imaginable interest ; they will neither be richer nor poorer, stronger nor weaker, more admired or more feared, should they secure the monopoly of fishing in these northern waters to the inhabitants of the sea-coast of our North American colonies. On those colonies we now impose no restrictions what ever; we have given up the old doctrines of commer cial monopoly, and are content to compete with every nation in the world for the supply of their markets. The patronage which once made colonial appointments so fertile a source of Parliamentary corruption has been, at least in North America, entirely surrendered. The affairs of each colony are administered by a Cabinet responsible to, and removable by, the majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly. The North American provinces owe us little more than a nomi nal dependence, and almost the only mark of subordi nation which we exact is the power —very seldom employed—of withholding the Royal assent from the Acts of the local Parliament. But, if we have little to do with the internal government of our colonies in North America, they have absolutely nothing to say in the deliberations of the Imperial Parliament, and do not feel at all bound to adopt for their guidance the principles which have triumphed there. Thus we find in this very matter that at the time when the English nation has decided against Protection in any shape, the Colonial Assemblies are willing to adopt that prin ciple in its coarsest and most repulsive form by pro tecting, through bounties, those fishermen whom they call upon us to protect with the sword. Another con sideration well worthy of the serious attention of the nation is, that had we gone to war for the sake of these colonial fisheries, it is upon ourselves, to whom the matter is indifferent, and not upon the colonists, to whom it may be of some importance, that it would have devolved to find the troops and treasure re quisite for carrying on the war. Our fleets must have encountered the American ships of war. Our commerce would be exposed to the ravages of their privateers, and our troops must defend these very colonies against an invading force infinitely superior in number. Parliament has no power to compel the colonies to raise a single shilling towards the expense of such a contest. It entirely depends upon the friendly spirit of the colonies whether they would raise a single man to aid us in fighting their battle. On the other hand, any assistance in men or money derived from these colonies would have been re garded by them and treated by us as a free and generous concession, for which we were bound to be suitably grateful; yet these dependencies form the most vulnerable parts of our empire, and the first idea which occurs to our warlike contemporaries on the other side of the Atlantic, in case of a conflict, is an invasion of them by three hundred thousand American citizens. Removed ourselves by the interposition of a mighty ocean from all points of contact with the great American Republic, it is from our colonies alone that we have to fear any serious ground of quarrel. Their vicinity, the similarity of their pursuits, and a spirit of natural and laudable rivalry, provoke the occasions of constant collision. Formerly this danger was diminished, because the Colonial-office, reserving to itself almost all the sub stantial powers of government, left the local Legis latures little more than the semblance of authority, and was therefore able to establish a complete har mony between colonial and imperial policy. The surrender of these rights to the Legislatures of the North American provinces, while it has been pro ductive of much good by diminishing the causes of dispute between them and the mother country, carries with it also this evil, that greater freedom of action renders it more easy for the colony to exercise a disturbing influence on our relations with foreign Governments. We are, in fact, in this disagreeable position, t h a t according to the present compact between the mother -country and her colonies, she is obliged to take up quarrels in which her interests are in no way involved, and is bound over as surety for the good behaviour of Go vernments and Legislatures actuated by feelings, principles, and interests totally different from her own, and over whose actions she has renounced all efficient control. Public attention has been repeatedly drawn of late years to the relation between the co lonies and the mother country, and it has now come to be admitted as a political axiom, that the colonies flourish best without the interference of England. This is the colonial aide of the question ; the view which we are now submitting is the Imperial one. If England divests herself of a l mo st all the powers which she has hitherto exercised over her colonies, is it j ust and reasona bl e that, her power of influenci ng t h e i r action be i ng gone her responsibilities should remain the same? Must not the one chan ge a l most necessar il y draw after d it the other ? Old p r i nc i p l es are a b a ndoned, relations broken up. C entralization i s replaced by local government, a n d responsible Ministers take the place of irresponsible officials nominat ed by the Crown. The only things which ' do not change are shose cast-iron maxim s an d un b en di n g traditions of government which are h an d e d d own in public offices_tl from one generation of Mi n i sters t o another, till some re main the prescriptive poli c y o f t h e empire they have unforeseen conjuncture d emonstra t es that birth, survived the state of thing s w hi c h gave the m The true and are ripe for alteration and abolition. . lesson to be learnt from r ecen t transactions is, that ire we have a power in int these roduc Colonialed and r Go edaisrnm up en ts iv withioht.hceh we p are ve by day 1 not able wholly to control, w hi c h is da y pro. in creasing in importance, and assuming greater either rninence in the affairs of the world. 'T see h a ve either too l • es. too much or too little " solid a rity" with our colonies. If we c anno t make them integral par t s of the empire we ought to reconsider the ex t en t o f our r esponsibility for their a c ts ; and if we are to continue responsible for th e i r acts we are entitled to a powerb which will is a new make th a t res p ons ibilit y sa f e . The problem like] and and interesting one, and would be all the y re investigated to recei ve a proper solution if it we put off to with leisur e and calmness, instead of being a em barrassment. a period o f anx i e ty, t re pid a ti o n, an --- ST. L UKE ' —S, CHELSEA.—RATING OF CREKORNE GARDENS.— On Saturday a meeting of magistrates was held at the board- r o om f o r the purpose of bearing, appeals against the new assessmen t ma d e by M r. Paine, the su rve y or, under the direction of the Poor-law Commiss ne ors. Mr. Simp.. son, the proprietor of Cremoane Gardens, appealed against his assessment which had been increased from 2881. to 740/. At the last sitting pp the aeal was adjourned by direction of the amicable arrangement with Mr. Si m p son. Mr. Paine now magistrates, with a view of the surveyor coming to an Proved the data from which he took his valuation of 740/. Mr. Simpson agreed to be assessed at 4501., but sub mitted that the tap ought to be separated in the assessment from the gardens, the latter being open not more than from. four to five months during the season ; and as the rates in Chelsea were made twice a year, that it was hardly fair to saddle him with a twelvemonth's rate upon the whole of the property. Mr. Paine said that under the peculiar cumstances of the case he would not press for the full amount. The bench, after sorue consideration, settled the WOOL FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM —.Th e assessment at 500!. stance. name of vegetable wool has been applied to a fibrous mate which the ingenuity of AL Panriewitz has succeeded in eztraeting from leaves of the fir. A manufsctory ot this Y means material has for some time past existed near Breslau, - Silesia, in a district termed the rie of liumboldt.in" The species of pine there operated upon is the pinus sylvestris, or wild pine ; but it would seem that every member of the fir and pine tribe might be turned to similar account. The leaves of these trees, if examined, will be found to be made uP of a fibrous material, held together by a resinous sub lies, lea v i ng the woolly matter behind. Coverlets, blankets and other articles made of vegetable wool have long been empl oyed i n Austria Vienna especially, in some of the cha ritable ritable institution:3. 'The materials are warm, durable, and latter may be dissolved out b agreeable to the eye ; moreover, they enjoy the excellent quality of preserving a certain balsamic and rather agree. able sme ll , wh i c h nev ertheless i s so inimical t o insects that they never harbour in it. I n the Silesian manufactor y the r esinous matter holding t he woolly fibres together is also turned to account, medicinal baths being made with it as - a uasis• and which are found to be useful in many chronic diseases. APOTHECARIES'. HALL.--The following are t h e names of the gentleme n who passed t heir e xamination in the science an d practice of medicine, and received certificates to practise, on Thursday , the 19th of August, 1852: _ James Scarborough Lee, Leeds; Benjamin Hunt, Napton, Warwickshire ; George -Vi n icombe Coates, London • William IN wen, London ; John Bren don Cur g enven, St. Kew, Corn wall; Bernard Haldan, Prest on ; Amos Ingham, Ilebden °ridge, York; Thomas Walton, Hull; Thomas Alban M'slanus, Hull ; and Thomas Maltby, Shelton. GIGANTIC TELESCOPE AT WANDS WORTH-COMMON. The construction of a monster reflecting telescope by the Earl of Rosse constituted for a considerable period a prominent topic of interest and conversa tion in the scientific world. The patience and perse verance of the noble projector under every kind of discouragement, and the unwavering faith with which, at a large outlay to himself, he prosecuted his enterprise to a successful conclusion, secured to him the admiration and esteem of all who took an interest in the higher departments of science, while the dis coveries that have since been made through its instru mentality have amply borne out his anticipations and rewarded his exertions. It was necessary, however, that something further should be accomplished. To those not conversant with the subject it may be ne cessary to state that a reflecting telescope pn a large scale must always be a work of exceeding difficulty, and comparatively limited utility. The possibility of constructing an achromatic instrument of a power equal to Lord Rosse's, and through which the objects looked at could be directly magnified (as wish an opera-glass), has long been considered_ extremely doubtful ; in fact, beyond the reach of mechanical and optical appliances. This desideratum is, however, now on the eve of being supplied. In the course of a recent ramble on Wandsworth common our attention was attracted by a singular looking structure, consisting of a plain tower with a long tube slung by its side, surrounded with a wooden hoarding to keep off its intruders. On making ie quiries we learned that it was a new monster telescope on the achromatic principle in process of construction, under the superintendence of Mr. W. Gravatt, F.R.S. , for the Rev. Mr . Crai g , vicar of Leamington. Having obtained an introduction, we inspected the instrument, and ascertained some particulars respecting it which may not be uninteresting. The site, consisting of two acres, has been liberally preeented by Earl Spencer in perpetuity, or so long as the telescope shall be maintained. The central tower, consisting of brick, is 64 feet in height, 15 feet in diameter, and weighs 220 tons. Every precaution has been taken in the construction of this building to prevent the slightest vibration ; but, if any disappointment in this respect should arise (which, however, Mr. Gravatt does not anticipate), additional weight can be obtained by loading the several floors, and the most perfect steadiness will be thus insured. By the side of this sustaining tower hangs the telescope. The length of the main tube, which is shaped some what like a cigar, is 76 feet, but with an eyepiece at the narrow end, and a dewcap at the other, the total length in use will be 85 feet. The design of the dew cap is to prevent obscuration by the condensation of moisture, which takes place during the night, when the instrument is most in use. Its exterior is of bright metal, the interior is painted black. The focal distance will vary from 76 to 85 feet. The tube at its greatest circumference measures 13 feet, and this part is about 24 feet from the object. glass. The determination of this point was the result of repeated experiments and minute and careful calculations. It was essential to the object in view that there should not be the slightest vibration in the instrument. Mr. Gravatt, reasoning from analogy, applied the principle of harmonic progression to the perfecting of an instrument for extending the range of vision, and thus aiding astronomic research. By his improve• ments the vibration at one end of the tube is neu tralized by that at the other, and the result is that the utmost steadiness and precision is at tained. The ironwork of the tube was manufactured by Messrs. Rennie, under the direction of Mr. Gravatt. The object-glasses are also of English con struction, and throw a curious light upon the manner in which an enlightened commercial policy has re acted upon and promoted the advancement of science. Up to a recent period the flint glass for achromatic telescopes was entirely of foreign manu facture. Since the reduction in the duty great im provements have been made in this department. The making of' the large flint glass was entrusted to Mr. Chance, of Birmingham,; who at first hesitated to manufacture one larger than nine inches in dia meter. Upon being urged, however, by Mr. Craig, he has succeeded in producing one 24 inches, perfectly clear, and homogeneous in structure. Besides this, there is a second of plate. glass of the same dimensions, cast by the Thames Plate Glass Company, either of which the observer may use at his option. The manner in which these object-glasses are fitted into the tube is a marvel of artistic invention. By means of 12 screws, numbered according to the hours of the day, they can be set in an instant to any angle the observer may require, by his merely calling out the number of the screw to be touched. The object glasses also move round in grooves to wherever it may be considered that a more distinct view can be gained. The tube rests upon a light wooden frame work, with iron wheels attached, and is fitted to a circular iron railway at a distance of fifty-two feet from the centre of the tower. The chain by which it is lowered is capable of sustaining a weight of thirteen tons, though the weight of the tube is only three. Nothwithstanding the immense size of the instrument, the machinery is such that it can move either in azimuth, or up to an altitude of eighty degrees, with as much ease and rapidity as an ordinary telescope and, from the nature of the mechanical arrangements, with far greater certainty as to results. The slightest force applied to the wheel on the iron rail causes the instrument to move horizontally round the central tower, while a wheel at the right hand of the observer, by a beautiful adaptation of mechanical powers, enables him to elevate or depress the object glass with the greatest precision and facility. So easy, in fact, is the control over the instrument in this respect, that a very slight A touch on the wheel lifts ten cwt. It may be observed, also, that there cannot be the slightest flexure in the tube; no error or deflection arising from that cause can occur, while the ease with which it can be directed towards any point of the heavens will enable the observer to make profitable use of any patch of clear sky, however transient it may be. The great value of this need not be pointed out to those accustomed to making astronomical observations. With respect to the mag nifying power of this novel instrument, it is only necessary to state that, though the focus is not so sharp as it will be shortly, it has already separated the nebulae in the same way as Lord Rosse's. It has also separated some of the double stars in the Great Bear, and shown distinctly a clear distance of fifty or sixty degrees between them, with several other stars occupying the intervening space. Ordinary readers will better undersiand the extraordinary mag nifying powers of the telescope when we inform them that by it a quarter-inch letter can be read at the dis tance of half a mile. The preparations for this really national work have been progressing for the last two years under the superintendence of Mr. Gravatt as engineer and ma thematician, but it is only about three months since the superstructure at Wandsworth-common was com menced, and it is already near completion. We understand that the Observatory is likely to be endowed by its liberal and enlightened creator. It will not only be a monument to his enterprising de votion to science, but an admirable illustration of the perfection to which the mechanical arts have attained in this country. Lord Rosse has visited the Observatory, and ex pressed his admiration of this novel and interesting ,nvention. VAUXHALL GARDENS .—A great treat is provided for the million at this favourite place of resort, Mr. Wardell, the proprietor, having determined on the reduction of the price of admission to one shilling. At this reduced rate the Gardens open this evening for the remainder of the season. The attractions are numerous and excellent. The ballet, in which a very clever troupe of French artists dance, is magni ficently mounted. Then we have a concert, in which DI. Jongmans, the celebrated Belgian Buffo singer, takes part , his powerful voice being heard to great advantage in the opon air. Besides this gentleman, the Misses Jolly, Miss Pearce, and a numerous choir, sing some very delightful glees, madrigals, &c. The fireworks are superbly brilliant and unequalled for novelty of design. The dance music is very skilfully executed under the direction of M. Arban. CAPTURE OF A WHALE NEAR HARWICH HAR- Boua.—Considerable interest has been excited in this neigh bourhood by the capture of a large fish, supposed to be of the whale species, on the Dovercourt shore, in Mill Bay, on the 12th instant. It appears that the attention o f some men on the beach was attracted by a bulk y -lookin g object on one of the stone-banks, and on approaching it they f oun d it to be an immense fish, which spurted up a stream of water twelve feet high. In the absence of any more ef fective weapon, they fastened a knife to a staff, and by successive wounds so weakened the captive as to be able to get a rope made fast round the tail, when a large number of men hauled it up on the beach. In order to dispatch the monster a scythe was procured and thrust into the body, causing an immense flow of blood. The dying struggles of the captive were so violent that the assembled crowd were obliged to retreat to a more safe distance. The fish is supposed to be a fin-backed or rock whale ; it measures in length 21 feet, and in girth 15 feet; has a spout hole on the top of the head, which, with the mouth, is curiously shaped, resembling the bottle-nose. There is a sketch of a fish si milar to the one now taken in " Dale's History of Harwich and Dovercourt," which is called there the bottle-head or flounder's-head whale. The fish remained upon the beach until the following morning, when the men baying procured a small vessel to take it in tow, p rocee d e d w ith it to I Psw ib where it was exhibited until th e e ffl uv i a b e came gr e j, 3 7 its that the authorities ordered its remova l. It was acco r T ng once more committed to the waters and towed away ' owners.—Essex Standard. stearn 9 biP LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.—The screw Great Britain, Captain :Mathews, sailed at th , r c e . with up day for the Cape of Good Hope, Port PhiliP!,. ghe had on wards of 630 passengers, and a very large ' o'clock to board 2,150 tons of coal for consumption 09 feet of water. 5 draW in g . at the time she left the river wa ks of the river, and as .onn'tue v oyage; An immense multitude lined the bank wa s was greeted with the vessel steamed down the Mertsey Blain took out specie, enthusiastic cheering. The Gr B e4l , 0001 m erican mail steamship s t e rling. To-day, a t jewellery, &c., of the value of A. noon, the British and So r t took her departure from th e America, Lang command ta in tes, isr D E AN with 152 passengers and a Mersey for Boston, United usuale of CANTERBUR Y . It I S large cargo, besides the Aai s ILLNESS OF THE tha t wneuv lea vv rn i t il h ia a m t o n ur ow la e te Lyall, D. D., D ean much respected with deep regret archdeacon t, , he Ri g ht • of Canter bury, and Rector of Great Chart, has been seized A'sse.z Ga zette. with paralysis.-" HER MAJESTY'S JOURNEY TO BALMORAL.-GLOU CESTER, SATURDAY.—To-day a special meeting of the town council of Gloucester has been held, to take into considera tion the measures which should be adopted for the fitting re ception of the Queen on her way Gloucester through to ' Balmoral on the 30th instant. Mr. Sanders, the mnnager f the Midland Railway , has placed himself in communication with the Mayor of Gloucester, and the necessary arrange ments are in preparation for the fitting reception of her Majesty. In consequence, however, of the unruly conduct of the public on the occasion of the last visit of her Majesty to Gloucester (in the autumn of 1849), no persons, except offi cials, will be admitted upon the railway platform on her Ma jesty's arrival. It bas been resolved by the council to-day that an address shall be presented to her Majesty and Prince Albert, and this will constitute the principal feature of the demonstrations of isyalty to be made on the occasion of the expected Royal visit. Accommodation, however, will be provided along the line of railway adjacent to the station for the public to view the Royal progress. COMPOSITION OF PARLIAMENT.—The new House of Commons comprises the large number of 101 barristers and 18' attorneys returned. Of merchants, manufacturers, and wholesale dealers there are 99, and to these classes may also be added 20 bankers and 2 brewers ; while of occupations more sparingly represented may be mentioned I architect, James Bill ; 1 builder, William Cubitt ; 3 engineers, Mes,rs. Locke, Stephenson, and Peto ; 3 medical men, Messrs. Ilume, Brady, and Michel. An exact estimate can scarcely be formed of the railway influence, but 11 magnates of that in terest are certainly present in the persons of Messrs. Glyn, Hudson, Waddington, Laing, M'Gregor, Chaplin, 11. Brown, Cobbold, Coffin, Hawkins, Stephenson, and Ricardo. Smaller directors and endless shareholders will be found among all classes in the House. Tue army is fully represented by 67 of its members, while the navy can only count 13. The .risk Peers present in tho Lower House are Earl Aunesle; Viscounts Barrington, Galway, Monck analc a l - pfmerston, and without some popular Member being ret o u ' rned f a o r r lia tA m ' Lord Hotham. Since the Reform Act i ' l occurrence marks the present e o m f and having to take his choice between them. But no such however, has returned a superabundance Parliament. the accident of equality on the poll ; and ; Members, from death has occa sioned three vacancies, in the cases of Messrs. Watson, and Granger. The closest cont ssrs. Duncuft, (KA has been Youghal, while in the large number of 1.6 - t places there was no contest whatever. THE ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA. --- Among the fashionable audience present at the performances at the e Royal Italian Opera on Saturday evening, we observed h Prince and Princess Masitno, the Earl of Cardigan, the A; of Munster, the Countess of Kinnoull and the Ladies Eliza ' beth and Augusta Hay, Viscount and Viscountess Sydn ; Viscount and Viscountess Maidstone, Viscount Clifden, e- ' Viscount Dungannon, Lord John Hay, Lord Henry Gordon Lennox, M.P., Lord and Lady Francis Gordon, Lady Bate man and the Hon. Miss Ilanbury, Lord Frederick and Lady Augusta Gordon Hallyburton ard the Misses Kennedy Erskine, and the Hon. Louisa Carey, Lord Frederick Fitzroy, Lady Macfarlane,Lacly Elizabeth Bulteel and Miss Bulteel, Baron de Steinberg, Mr. Justice Talfourcl and Lady and the Misses Talfourd, the Hon. Major Pitt, the Hon. Major Needham, the Hon. G. Mil!es, theJerningham, I.‘:nue:beenprtolaumcgeehst: the Hon. H. L. Bathurst, the Hon. Arthur I-lay, the Hon. Mr. Banbury-, the Hon. E. S. Russell, the Hon. C. Hay, Sir Henry Webb, Sir George Armytage, Sir William Abdy, Sir Sir Frederick Ferguson, Sir Charles Marshall, Sir E. Page Turner, perpetrated „?! .. Frederiek Trench, Sir J. Paul Joddrell, Colonel Freestun, put an end piece Act gassed DL P., Colonel T B Lawrence, attaché to the American Le gation, &c. T. B. KENNINGTON. COMMON —Tl'O disgraceful scenes on this I '' ' j common for some years will soon be put 19 rge under a r to, as workmen have now commenced operations passed to make it a public park. A r., of the Tavern, has been common, exactly opposite the Horns of making a lodge, ell i Vosed with a hoarding. for the purpoie tages, exhibited at i lbe form of one of Prince Albert's cot will be strewed near thYde.park. All the filth and rubbish be levelled, and the arranging portion of the common required to trees will Wm) place • ngiug of the walks and planting of in October, the usual time tor xein9YilV trees. 1852. MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 23, 1852, CHRISTMAS BOXES TO POSTMEN. In conseque n ce of representations which were made to the Postmaster-General by a number of in fluential individual:-, setting forth the impolicy and injustice of an abc)lition of Christmas•boxes to post men, the instruction of which we gave an outline, a few days a go , and by which they were forbidden to accept those gratuities, has not been issued. The following letter contains the official announcement of the fact : " Sir,—With re f erence to your l e tter of the 30th " General Post-office, Aug. 12, 1852 . ultimo, I am directed by the Postmaster-General to ac quaint you that his Lordship hes been pleased to decide that the letter. carriers of the London general post and London district post, shall, for the present, be exempted from the operation of th e recent regu l at i on prohibiting the servants of this department from soliciting Christ mas gratuities from the public.—l have the honour to be, sir, your obedient humble servant, "J. rwlasterman, Esq., M P . , ' " W. MANERLY. The following petition has been prepared for pre sentation to Parliament : " To the Honourable the Rouse of Commons in Par liament assembled. The humble petition of the Letter Carriers of the London District Post, " Humbly showeth, " That your petitioners, in approaching your Honour ableea r s y to state, fo ra ser i es o f ythe heeds of th e i r depart ment,they House, havebeg moat memorialisedhu b l the Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Trea sury, and your Honourable House (in the year 1837), for an increase of salary, as recommended by the Com missioners of Revenue Inquiry in their Eighteenth Re port, or to ho put upon the same scale of salary and superannuation as the letter carriers in the inland de partment. _ . " That in the year 1837, shortly your Hon ou r a bl e H ouse , eighty o rte th r e the se y petitioned senior rletter carriers had their salaries increased to twenty-five shil: y li o n u g r s p p e t e i r t e week; ners w a a n s d e e i n e s i t d h e e r a h y l e y s ie l e r B e 4 a 4 s e t d h , e w n h u e m a b s e i r x t o y f more were add e d to the twenty-f i ve shilling class, re sulting from a petition to the Right Hon. the E arl of Lonsdale, th e t h en Postmaster-General; an d in the year 1847 tw o h undred of your petitioners were ra is ed to twenty-two shillings per week, and four hundred and ninety-seven to twenty-one shillings per week. The above scale, your petitioners regret to say, was discon tinued in the same year; so that your petitioners who have entered the service since 1847 have no prospect beyond twenty shillings per week. And petitioners have from time to time waited upon the heads of their department, in order to gat these small sums restored, when hopes have been held out to them; but your peti tioners regret to s ay they have not yet been realised. " That your petitioners beg moat humbly to inform your Honourable House that, from the continued im provements made in the Post-office, and the increased correspondence consequent thereon, and the rapidity of communication caused by the railway system, mails ar rive in London from all parts of the country at all times of the day, and with the delivery of whioh your peti tioners are charged, as well as a considerable portion of the morning delivery, and have become so amalgamated with the general post letter carriers, that they are iden tified as one and the same body, doing the same duty, and bearing the same responsibility, and upon a recent order, giving the same bond; they therefore beg to sub mit that their wants and requirements ares.ccaolte-heeevasal,laanryd drs; the erav ri s generalweek a th a a d t s t a h p e e y ra sh e o e u e l a d tio b e e a p s u t t he u per e r a ' e t m e res at 12n3s again to 30s. per week. post rtsie z de t p e ar a tm fe e w nt y , e w ar h s o t e o n 2 t e 5 r a pl . t: o h t a n t e n e co ` ll ‘ s T i d h e a r t a b t l h e e des t t p i ert p a e e r e f e o rmt to e d t h b e y e your em mh eel p de e t t t r y i e t s i w o p n oi ntehrs balregardreefoorf to their correspondence, as they are House, that, although the resp ii and onsiblty labour are y de te live s r e y h of eatt le t t t e e r s y : t e h r e u y e t e h e e a r r e a fo h r ie e a beg mostrni4ta mistakes p i n e c t t f il u e l average admitted wagest o b e for g reat, ordinary their maernet,manundcdhe leave below embarrass- ar r youratshs.e petitioners to a continued state of want a ment. " That prior to the establishment of the ten deliveries daily, some of your petitioners' duties terminated with the six o'clock delivery on three evenings in each week, but in consequence or the heavy eight o'clock night de livery, those men were required to assist at the eight o'clock night delivery, for which they were paid three shillings per week; but, upon the establishment of the before-named ten deliveries, this payment of three shil lings per week was discontinued. " That the only extra duties for which payment is al lowed to your petitioners are a few casual ones occurring in the course of the day in the immediate metropolis, which arise from assistance given to walks that are over burthened; those of your petitioners not engaged in those deliveries, who have time and are able to keep up such continued exertion, are employed to assist, for which they get one shilling; but from the quick recur rence of their own duty, a portion of your petitioners are unable to avail themselves of those opportunities of increasing their incomes. " That in consequence of the improvements made in the Post-office from time to time, the numbers of your petitioners have been considerably increased; six men are now employed upon each walk instead of four: consequently the income derived from Christmas gra tuities is considerably reduced when divided among so many; and your petitioners beg to state that in the frequent returns they have been called upon to make of their salaries, they have always had to return the amount of extra duty and Christmas gratuities as a portion of their official incomes._ _ _ _ " That in consequence of the late order issued by the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of her Ma jesty's Treasury, that in future all Christmas gratuities would be discontinued at the public offices, and the pub licity given to this order through the medium of the press, has led the public to believe that the Christmas gratuities were discontinued altogether to public ser vants, such as your petitioners, so that the amount now collected is but a trifle to most of your humble peti- tioners. " That some of your petitioners beg to state that their losses since the introduction of the ten deliveries daily, cannot be computed at less than from 4s. 6d. to 63. 6d. per week to each letter carrier, for which they have re ceived no compensation; while the letter-carriers of the inland department have received compensation for their losses and a fair scale of salaries and superannuations, such as your petitioners would thankfully receive. " That your petitioners are unwilling to intrude upon the time of your Honourable H ouse with the full detail of the time occupied in their duties, it being of a com plicated nature, commencing at seven o'clock in the morning and continuing till from nine to half-past ten at night, except to a portion of your petitioners who are engaged in the immediate metropolis, whose duties con clude on two nights in each week at eight o'clock; this time is occupied, with a few intervals in the morning, to some of your petitioners; but the quick recurrence of the hourly deliveries and collections throughout the after-part of the day leaves such short intervals, up to so late an hour at night, as not to be sufficient for rest required by such harassing exertions. “ That from the lateness at night when your peti tioners' duties terminate, they are unable to avail them selves of joining any societies for mutual instruction and other purposes, now so prevalent among the working classes; your petitioners are therefore shut out from in struction and recreation enjoyed by all other classes of working men. " That your petitioners humbly beg to represent to your Honourable House that their superannuation al lowance, like their salaries, is very inadequate, which is according to the following scale:—Above 15 and under 20 years, 6s. a week; above 20 and un der 25 years, 7 s , a week; above 25 years, 9s. a week. humbly to s t a t e t h at " That with superannuation al lowance upon such a low scale, it leaves your petitio ners in a state of actual over 20 and underso scale:—.pact 1 4 v o. want rh w a h t e ) n .e u h o r fi p t e f t o it r io f e u e rth h e e r g du m ti e e e s t . r the superannuation allowance to the other Londo n let ter carriers is according to the following 15 and under 20 years, 201 . per year; 25 years, 301. a year; over 25 and uuder superannuation s f t h E e er r a year; over 3 0 years, 501 . a year. would ah eer themthrough " Your petitioners beg to submit that fixed upon sucha longlife a scale would not suffer privation s in pvcedi Service, knowing k their old age. that they Honourable House to take tsh most earnestly pray your sible duties into co ns id eration " Your humble petitioner e subject of their respon ing to years of servi revenue similar to the l etter-car , and raising them, accord ing as recommended in the eighteenth repo rt o f rters in the inland departme nt. inquiry, or upon a sca l p " And your humbl your Honourable hoe petitioners most fervently kr e fg use to take the low amount 2t L' i pensions into your benevolent consideration , An d grant them a scale of su the general post letter carrierspe a ra s nnuation similar d to Grace th e Duke of Richmond, whe r h ec r om ee mz et 4 ...o by en n e ;i, Gan ay: p . roved by the Right Honourable tbe ij°llstt datedmis sioners of her Majesty's Treasury, 1g33, and printed Treasury Chambers, the sth of Mareb,bl ... i House on the in a report returned to your Hon:pi u g July, 1847. motion of T. Duncombe, Esq. , dat ever pray." " Arid your petitioners will es'. _ - ---The Weekly Telegraph says MR. C. P. Roma.- - • enabled to state that ra in being . —" We feel great pleasure entered into as will secure per such arrangements bave f3fr G p. Roney in the discharge of manently the abilities o . n . with the Chester and Holyhead those duties in conng i r a , ra ilways in England and Scotland Railway, and need so m uch to the public advantage, and n , that have tended Dot° . 1 ... the interests of the several lines.' co - This tributed so larg - ' effected at the d • ent has been desire of the sixteen arrangem w B Ea panies inte rested i n the through traffic from different . in to Ireland. T he fact we now communicate Great rits ure be received with win, Hartre , _ . h. great pleasure ; for there no pof Ireland in which the value of Mr. Roney's pa is - - d untiring triotic an u exertions to promote the prosperity of his native land are not as fully appreciated as they are gratefully s recognis ed." ENGLISH REPORT CT THE HIGHLAND Sc CIETT'S Snow. —The establishment Times had a reporter from its at the late meeting of the society here, who • writes rather sneeringly as to our farmers' adherence to their old imple ments, but if his kno w l e d ge of agriculture is no better than it appears to be of arboriculture our country take his depre c iat or y t o ne amiss, as he describesmen need not chesnuts and beeches of the South Inch the hor se as In his report of the dinner, also, he adds the office of Lord " tine elm s ." Provost of Perth to the other dignities of Breadalbane, commencing his lordship's the Marquis o f " The Marquis of Breadalbane (Lord Provostspeech thus : and said !"—North British Mail. of Perth) r ose MR. MACAULAT. — Many of our readers will regret to learn that there is not only a chance, proba bility, that Mr. Macau la y 'gill not takebut a strong burgh. It is confident l y reported that his seat for Edin is such that his medical attendants the state of his health re frain from making a ny public a have advised him to the story unfortunately prove appearance whatever. Should true, there will, in all likeli for - hood, be another severe contest Edinburgh, unless, in deed, some man of transcendent claims be brought forward to unite the suffrages pf' the great bulk of the Liberal party. — Aberdeen Herald. THE PREROGATI*E . OFVO, E. T Me, O Moore is EisTor or vet TINES," Sir, commen ce d histhle4ret kestrel tri. the kieg dem,iel,4l/4tlkee(ekigust with these words,—" That the public may hot . " 6 misled on the subject of the Prerogative-offiee, the emolumen , e of my office of Principal Registrar, or the- manner in which the duties of the office-have been fulfilled ;"—but he does not give the public an y id ea of what the emoluments of the office are. He knows that the sum stated in your leading article is far below the real amount of his sine cure income, and he is silent upon the subject. He merely adds, " the office I hold is n patent one, of great antiquity, and I know not why I (any more than any other patentees similarly circumstanced) should be held up by you to public odium, and made the subject of misrepresentation and exaggeration." These are Mr. Moore's words and with your permis sion I will prove that yon have not 'been guilty of misrepresentation or exaggeration—that the emoluments of the office arc greater than yen have named—that Mr. Moore is in the enjoyment of an im mense income, and does little or nothing in return, end that the Prerogative Court is a disgrace to the country. Mr. Moore was appointed registrar by his father, Arch bishop Moore, on the 6th of December, 1799. lie is then described sei of Christ Church, Oxford—he was probably a minor at the time; he is no m i na t e d i n con junctien with two other relatives of the same name, one was a prebendary of Canterbury, and th e ot h er M.P. for Woodstock. The fees received by the registrar in 1848 amounted to 10 , 891 /. 6 s. 6 d. Taking this sum oefoi whom s s n e tm se e t n e t a , g m e frc..rmthooerse3synedarhsissinrriatthiyeesdatheavoefrteheeeivaepd p I p es ro s ve th t a h n e wills COMp o fad no t o o from c the f public, the who relativeshave is s e neither s7 779 is there any 91 4s6lTh m er i e br i e s p n r o es t e a n n t y ation. In exaggeration add i i t n io t n hi s s o ; his proportion of the above enormous sum, Mr. Moore has been Prebendary46,ooo Rector o f H un t on 50 y e ars RectoroftaotfaCeanndteelirb4uBryye4aBrys ears 3 5 8 0 400000 Making another total of . ..... 4133,400 HOW muc h duty he has done for these sums it would be difficult to define. Bat to return to the Prerogative office. Mr. withMr Mooretbose happyisnot the only sinecurist. The office aboun" clerk of a seat," the R ev . G. B. Moore, and he received in 1848 2,040/. for d o i ng nothing—paying a d epu ty. neither is ishhee the appointedwal one of his name. $ e haaa pe n e e p p l b e: we Mr. G. B. Moore has also the living of Tunstall, near Sittingbourne, worth about 6001. per annum, from which living he has received about 9 ,0001., having been ap pointed in 1837. There are four other " seats," as they 2 endless 3 are called in the office; one , worth 1,7251, 6 s . 10d., is held by the three deputy - registrars, and th e d u ty is done by deputy: another , theldtask k o the by two Messrs. Abbot, one of whom performs the duty, an w d o i r t t w h o 3 u , l 2 d s b l:. an. d" is f abuses in the Preroggti ve t detail other t bo doing nno rra nothing; itieso Court. If any of your readers wish to satisfy themselves, let them look at a Parliamentary paper already brought under the notice of the public in reference to this court and to the Episcopal Court of Wells by Sir Benjamin Rail. It is entitled " Second Report; Fees in Courts of Law," and is No. 711 of the session of 1850, and the price is 35. 6d. It is a document well worth perusal. It will there be seen h ow great is the s i necure patronage of Mr. M oore, who is termed " the great sinecurist; they will see b ow the public are robbed to make up t h ese vast incom es —h ew the because the great sinepeuubFliiset" office 6d. per folio , for p a y " work that is actually done for lid.—how all the fe! judge was petitionede s t are at the maximum, and how the will also see the .. o allow of higher fees being taken, s--" To al l appointment working o ffi cers; and they , beginning with these words of this of his emoluments to Christ auto whom these r e e t sen o t f s sha ll "g wol d ld not and g th iv e e S u ta p ill an P Y an n eats skid' beP parliament, sfl proctors,e t ba this e t c 06 fa ithf u lir come," eesae, sublime rdlasmdnti, in how,deola declares notwithstanding of vicious in their duty in person, this These, and many other w4onetderies court, and of other courts equally they will see, and they will read the report of Com mittee, of which Mr. Bouverie was chairman, and of which the present and the late Attorney-General, Mr. Walpole, Mr. Henley, Mr. Roundell Palmer, Sir W. Page Wood, Mr. Stuart Wortley, Mr. Hume, Sir Jam es Graham, and others were members. In this report the gross abuses of the Ecclesiastical Courts are severely animadverted upon, and the whole is summed up in these words:—" Your Committee, in conclusion, invite the consideration of the House to the evidence taken before them, which is a proof that the attention of Parliament should be directed without delay to the application of the necessary remedies." And, having read the evidence and the report, your readers will then ask, " Why should these abuses continue, and why does Rot Parliament in terfere to save the public from such extortions? " Mr. Moore seems to beg the question, why should he and his court be selected for public consideration in preference to all others? He will find an answer set forth in the report of the Committee in the following words:— pr i nci ple,hne ( )wuhgibeth " Your Committee have dwelt at some length on the Prerogative Court, partly because it is the Ecclesiastical Court collecting the largest amount of fees, and partly because the mode of their appropriation affords an in• stance of a long known and still uncorrected abuse." When the subject was last noticed in the House of Commons by Sir Benjamin Hall, an intimation was given by the present Government that a Bill should be introduced next session; and it is to be hoped that any Legislative proceedings will go to the root of the evil, and that such abominations as the Ecclesiastical,Courts now are may be swept away. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, AN EXECUTOR. GREENWICH TIME SIGNALS. The arrangements for transmitting true Greenwich time automatically from the Royal Observatory by electric telegraph are now completed and in practical operation on the South-Eastern Railway. At noon and at four P.M. a single beat or deflection of the telegraph needle is visible at London, Ton bridge, Ashford, Folkestone, and Dover, which repre sents Greenwich mean time. The first time signal from Greenwich was taken experimentally by Mr. C. V. Walker in the clock-room at the London terminus at four P.M., August 5, passing down to Dover. The eleven A.M. signal, on August 9, was received at London in the presence of Dr. O'Shaughnessy, of Calcutta ; and the noon signal of the same day in the presence of Mr. Herbert, the secretary of the South- Eastern Railway Company. Since that time experi ments have been daily made, and the necessary ad justments completed; and the daily transmission of time commenced at noon, August 19, and will be continued from day to day. At two P.M. the signal will pass in like manner automatically to stations on the North Kent line ; and arrangements are in pro gress by which all stations on the South-Eastern lines of railway shall have true time at least once a day- . The methods of accomplishing this may be readily _ understood. A. train of wheels has been constructed by Mr. Shepherd, which is kept in motion by Cer- Carter's large clock at the London terminus.'or studs, tain of these wheels carry one or more pins or according to the number of signals r hours at which they are required state of things, when these studs ! the wire leading from Greenwich On the wire that will eventually the Strand; and the wire jeai on a wire leading to theearth , London ; that is to say, s p ring s and terminating these w n i on the approach o f noo n, a in serted for this . . a pin _ d a pin i 1 ter of springs; . I 'llll o2e common are of action, Observatory rests and the Mead to Lothbury or 4 from Dover rests and terminating at tipped with platinum, t esr on each other. led, on things are now settled, thrusts forward this clus n the wheel that revolves a vvhich at other times passes clean up the springs , A about li minutes before the hour, lifts h°llr ,', ov , comes in contact with the Dover with the Greenwich wire, at the same it into contaa once in g in , a t n h L e , t it in this position for about 9 • and It boldsg•tlie latter from the Lothbury or Strand , . t h us connecting Dover with Greenwich mi re; receive the signal. dy to res Mr. Shepherd's electro-magnetic A,t Greenwich, kis in action. It is connected in such a manner eloc with the wire leading from London, that precisely on the 60th second of the last minute of the hour a con :on is established between a spring attached to this w tim ire e , clear in . con nexion wire and another attached to the ordinary sand-acid battery used for telegraph purposes, and a signal of instantaneous duration passes. Mr. Carter's clock pursues its course, the pin passes forward, the Dover wire returns to its place, and the wire is again free for telegraphic purposes, until an other pin arrives and thrusts forward the springs, which, in this case, will be 4 P.M. In respect to the Lothbury Wire, this connexion is not yet established, b u t w i ll be in a few days, when the Electric Telegraph Company will have the means of taking a time signal at any of the remaining 2 1 it visible both by dropping ball that hitasthbreoeunghe hours, and having the va rious lines of railway, r erected Strandte t d he in k t i h n e gaom aio r g d the b! dis tributing . --- ~, THE GREAT CA . —ln consequence of the conviction of Sill, the attorney, at the Cent ra l RD-CHEATING CASE AT CriniThal Court, on Tuesday last, Mr. W. F. JOBIGHTON Howe, t h e solicitor the convic tion prosecuting a " writ of error" as regards . last Lewes Assizes. The tion of Staden and James at the in support of the writ of e , has taken the necessary P reliminary steps petition to the Attorney-Genera! aden and James 'were , is very lengthy and g s i t o ip f n the indictment, including error sets forth that althoughS ac quitted of conspiracy, yet they were sentenced to two years' Errorur sy ,b be ~i successful,t at a n e a n r i o y t Sht d ii • a was i t i h n o p s r e is f o o n r m c e o n n t sp o i n m a cy ll . th,e rh oo e u p p e i t filed in the Court by M l r f . t El %, e ; ri O t n o . f , the Court of Appeal. day will be appropriated for t h e wri. of error to be argued in John Brome. CoNTRAthiND TOBACCO ON BOARD only will Staden and James be liberated, but the decision will be favourable to YACHT, VICTORIA AND ALBERT.—lnfor mation on Saturday at the Custom House that 141 Ilu S n f tobacco had becin seized board her Ma jestyon. a quantity ° yacht, Victo • n g belonging to the vessel during jesty's s"alm.'lt is and Albert, by p u g revenue E I Z w H A , a lj i rs e : er E e . i s v officers at Portsmouth. is supposed that conic person or perso Que en to Antwerp, shipped the tobacco, imagining, no doubt, that as the ship belonged to her Majesty, no search would be made. In this, however, they were deceived, the the late visit of the contraband goods being duly seized and lodg4 in the Queen's warehous e at Portsmout h . The tatiiaeco is described as being of the first quality. A strict in vestigation into the circumstances has been, instituted, but, as is lUIQI4II. usual in such cases, the contrabandittai are un- 97. •~ t ~ __ • ',.;\:\ eN ) "••1 I I I I 0 1 ! roe - lig! : c o Jet' [ i ia* clot ara: vbil; sot) r 85 t° uw 'wo Sec 00' OD" rgh r lito• rou 160 5 rge.• a li 46! ,teu 3. 51 , 13S p 0 0 0 48 0 4 50 4SS 1 04 1 0 : 4104