The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-29 00:00:00

Jarow."- 11AILIVAY INTELLIGENCE. IRISH LINES. (From the Irish Railway Gcszette,) At a meeting of directors of several of the lush rail way companies, held in Dublin, on, Friday, December 11, 1846, with a view to considerinr,; how the progress of their works might be made avP.ilable towards reliev ing the present alarming and increasing destitution of the poor in this country, it v(F, resolved to lay the fol. lowing statement before hoc ~lajesty's government It appears to this meetrog that Government aid to Irish railway companies, b'y way of loan, would enable them to assist very materially in relieving the present distress, and afiord the same relief for a considerable period, by providing an immediate and ample field for unemployed and productive labour, in the acceleration of their works. That this employment would not be confined to any t lo cality, but would be spread over large districts o the country, from north to south. To carry out this object the following suggestions are respectfully submitted : That, previously to a loan from Government to any Irish railway company, twenty p er cant. of their car2ital shall be bona fide paid ap, and expended on the r..nder taking. That the Governm - ent shall advance to such company a sum not exceeding thirty per cent, of their capital, in in. stalments of five: per cent., at such times as an equal amount shall he paid up by t'ne shareholders. The amount of loan thus required is less than that now authorised by their acts to be borrowed, but it brings that newer into action sooner. Such assistance, by inducing the shareholders in the respective companies more readily to pay up their calls, appears fully justified by the recommendation of goiern ment loans to Irish railway companies by the - committee of the House of Commons, in 1845, as— " Bringing forward a large amount or, private ca:pital in furtherance of public works of grePA national utility as well as emolument, and thus c*ler benefits on Ire land which neither public nor private capital separately employed could ever accomT;ille.i." Without Some such assis',.ar.ce. it is muck to be feared that many of the railways now in course of construction must be 'greatly delayed, considerably lessened in exten. or altogether stopped ; thereby adding fearfully to the amour,t of destitution already existing. Among the numerous advantages to the government, the following are respectfully but particularly swa ge sted:— valnstead of advancing an immense amount of money, unassisted, for carrying out works for the most part of questionable utility, and in many instances worse than useless, from the pauperising effect already so apparert upon the industrial habits of the laboure': by the present system of baronial relief, and with the prospect of re payment at the best but doubtful; By advancing five millions during the next three years to Irish railway companies, an additional sum of ten millions would be paid by the shareholders, thereby causing fifteen millions to be expended on Irish railways, the advantages of which cart scarcely be over-rated, es whatever improvements are in contemplation for Irela - ad, these must prove to be the most important This would not create any unnatural demand for, or give a false and only temporary stimulus to labour, but would enable Irish railways to progress steadily, and be completed in about the average time of construction for such works. Ie appears, from the present weekly expenditure by the Government for relief of distress, and which has been rapid)) , on the increase, that by August next the amount will probably be above 6,000,0001., thus exceed ing the loans required for railway companies for the next three years. The security would lie ample ker the repayment of the loans, which would only amoait to three-eights of the money actually expended on the works, whilst the direct profit of Government, by borrowing at 3 per cent., and lending at 4 per cent., would be as follows :- 5,000,000/. to be returned by annual instalments, in twenty years, commencing soon after the advance, would bear a gross amount of interest, equal to an average o: ten years. Four per cent per annum on 5,000,000/ £200,000 Three ditto dito Leaving a clear profit of £50,000 to the Government, which, upon an average of ten years, would amount to 500,000/. To this may be added tho indirect but mot unim portant advantage in the greatly increased consumption of tea, coffee, sugar, and other articles paying duties, as woll as of low priced manufactured commodities. To elucidate still further the result of the proposed arrangement, the annexed table is respectfully submitted to the consideration of her Majesty's Government. LIST A. IRISH RAILWAY COMPANIES —INCORPORATED 1845, Name of Company. Capital. Belfast a nt i B a ll ymena ..£335,000 Cork and Bandon Dublin and Belfast Junction Dundalk and Enniskillen Great Southern and Western Extension 1,200,000 Londonderry and Coleraine Londonderry and Enniskillen Midland Great Western Newry and Enniskillen Waterford and Kilkenny Waterford and Limerick •,£7,425,722 LIST B. 'RIM RAILWAYS—INCORPORATED 1846. Na me of Company. Capital. lfa,qt and County Down 500,006 Clonmcl and Thurles Cork, Blackrock, and Passage 130,006 Cork and Waterford Dublin, Belfast, and Coleraine Junction Dublin, Dundrum, and Rathfarnham Dublin and Kingatown Extension Galway and Kilkenny Great Lcinster and Munster—Carlow to Kilkenny Great Leinster and Munster—Kilkenny to C 1 noniel. Great Southey] and Western —Cork Exten sion ........... Killarney Junction 375,000 Limerick, Ennis, and Killaloe Midland Great Western--Athlone Midland Great Western—Liffey Branch 33,000 Mountrnellick Junction 22,500 Warrenpoint, and Rostrevor :Sligo and Shannon lOO,OOO Templemore and Nenagh Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow, and Dublin 2,000,000 Wexford, Carlow, and Dublin 600,00( 300,001 £8,817,900 AMERICAN LINES. The Massachusetts lines are said to be reaping rich harvests. The Maine, Fitchburgh, Worcester, and Western have done the largest freight business, and the two latter have been doing a most successful general traffic throughout the season. The financial year of the Worcester and Western has closed, when their accounts will be made up; the former for six months, and thi latter for five. The Charlestown Branch Road, some times called the Ice Road, which has lately been united to tho Fitehburgli road, has freighted this year, eleven months, over seventy thousand tons of ice and twelve millions of bricks. The expenses have been con siderably reduced since the union, which places both lines under one head and management, and it is esti mated that this little road, about five miles in length, between Charlestown and Fresh Pond, will yield ten per cent. net revenue, being equal to the main line. The Fitchburgh Company made a good thing by the an nexation, and the Charlestown branch corporators, by the sale of their roads and lands, have realised over Dar for their stock, which at one time sold at consider able discount. BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE.—The capital of the Boston and Providence Railroad Corporation has been in creased by the creation of 3,600 new shares. An as sessment of 25 per cent. on the par value of the shares will be payable on the 13th of January next; one of 25 per cent. on the Ist of April next; and one of 50 per cent. on the Ist of July next. All new shares not taken by the stockholders by the 25th of December will be sold at auction at such time as the directors shall determine, and any premium obtained at such sale will be divided among the shareholders entitled to such ares, in their proportion. WILMINGTON AND RALRIGII.—The eleveth annual meeting of the stockholders of the Wilmington and Raleigh has been held. Governor Dudley, president of the company, submitted, on behalf of the directory, a report of operations for the year ending October 1. Liabilities of the company on the Ist October, 1845, $668,817 52. Which sum is made up as follows : Bonds sold in England, bearing 5 per cent interest 5222,666 67 To the Literary Fund of the State of North Carolina, at 6 per cent. interest Company's Bonds endorsed by State of North Carolina, bearing 6 per cent. in 250,000 00 Bills payable, bearing 7 per cent. interest Do. bearing 6 per cent. interest Scrip Bonds due to contractors 1,793 43 Bonds for hire of negro labourers, due Jan. 1, 1846, and previous Bonds for hire of negro labourers, due Jan. 1, 1847 18,270 00 Due sundry persons for materials,labour,Bcc 30,875 08 85,000 00 3,9 1 89 48 Total 8668,817 52 Amount of receipts for the year ending Oct. 1 : Passengers 8103,469 60 Freight Mail Transportation 8 185,286 65 txpenses of road for the year 191,854 49 Amount of receipts from steamboats for the year end- Oetober 1 : Passengers and freight Mail transportation Expenses of boats for the ----- $132,535 84 road year Net profit s o f and boats In regard t o the ox „,, s 28,140 04 committee sa w r ili . es of the roa d t h e exam i n i ng yit , .4 amount seen that the expenditures Of the railroad are to an o c untfeatly exceeding that of any previous year. , ittee think proper to explain that there has been °expended during the year for four new locomotives, two now coaches toach.ho , a large num bertthe snna of of new trucks, and a new report $42,901 07, which does not properly belong to gor t t h :f cur rent expenses of the road. It appea rs by the superintendent of the road and road rep there has been expended for road repairs (ineludiec, the t sum of .921,747 74 for new iron) the sum of $79 , 7 90 46." PENNSYLVANIAN LINE. —A fierce controverar is being carried on in Pennsylvania as to the exp iency, or otherwise, of carrying out this line, by voluntary p r i vate subscriptiouLor compulsory public loos Upon thiji ground the Veomoters of the measure take their stand, and state tl".at " the construction of the line cannot be postponed without the most disastrous results both to city an? state—that if three millions of dollars be not subscribed to the capital stock and 10 per cent. thereon paid in, on or before the 13th day of April next, and unless one million of dollars be paid on the amount sub scribed, and thirty miles of road pat under contract, before the 30th of July following, the grant of the right of way' which is now only conditional, will then become positive, in which event all the advantages which we now have It in our power to secure for Philadelphia and P•ennsylvania are to be . transferred to the ea , / of Batt:more, and - am lialtir - , ore and Ohio RailroadC) ora pto- h t o whomilari been granted the privilege of di - ve rti t e g the trade aril travel from our own city as welt . as thy,: revenue 'fro ii the state improve ments. The - Pennsylvania. rail will, on the contrary, greatly inerease the revenue derived from the state im provemer both from canals and railroads, particularly from th,ePhiladelphia and Columbia Railroad with which it wi r d be connected. It will furnish in connexion with thrJ Ohio Railroads, now in progress of construction, 'and with which it will be united, the most central, the shortest, the cheapest, and best route between the At lantic seaboard and the great West, and must, therefore, attract to itself an immense amount of trade and travel, as the following table will make manifest ; Miles. 7alax'm grade per mile almost always the case with produce, and heavy article, Pittsburg, the head of navigation, would of course be dproel‘fehr.redwashetthheerp,oitnhtereofftorreen, s w hi e pm co e n n s t id to er an th y . tt and hioen7 advantages tehoem b i ned with o f the railroad economycommunicationof water ei : co a l n l P o te e , ' lowera ._. l : " o; , itioes Pennsylvania route must have sransporta- , e -.. a e embed e i e d i: : r i e n f . e w r . e h n a c t e is t .- tended entitledjhe e d y t i h ae a nw it s_ the --.,n i t. e gh : u : l) :: c e Pr t Pi- e -° '.:- on address, wherein it is con to ten raill cost of the line of from seven sons of dollars is a perfect probability, seeing the '' ese cost of railways hitherto has only been imper fectly estimated among them. It asserts tbat the progress of private subscription has proved to be inconsiderable, when compared with the demands of the charter; and this was the natural consequence of what had taken place. The commissioners adjourned their last meeting in September to a day beyond the coming election, be cause, it may be presumed, private subscription had ceased to come in. The interference of the new coun cils has become the principal, if not the final, hope of the railroad ; and after merchants, traders, manufac turers, mechanics, householders, lot-owners, and pro prietors of every kind in the city, in the districts, and in the state at large, have proved either so blind or so true to their own interests as not to have subscribed to secure the charter, the Whig list or candidates for the councils has been formed by the conferees precisely in that manner that will compel every owner of real estate in the city to submit to the road, whatever may be his view either of his own interests or of the interest of the corporation, A voluntary subscription has failed. It never was resorted to in the temper, spirit, and manner through which alone it could be obtained, From the very outset, all the calculations of profit and all the sug gestions of personal interest put forth by the friends and patrons of the road were completely and fatally dis credited by their own course in resorting to the city ; and it has now come to be the nearly universal feeling, that if the city does not make it, the road will not be made ; and that if the city does make it, it will only be made by her because the sacrifice of private capital to make it will be so much beyond the value to the sub scribers, that men acting with the instincts which govern all trades and the investments of all property for their own account, will have nothing to do with it. The railroad itself is no object of aversion to any of us—far from it. We should be glad to see it made by those who see their interest in it, for then we should be morally sure that it would be worth the expenditure ; but we confess our doubts, in consequence of the doubts which are practically manifested by those who say the road is indispensable to the city. We confess our doubts, arising from this cause, whether the road is so importnt to any interest as it has been declared to be ; and we entertain a perfect conviction that if by the interest of the city is meant the interest of the cor • poration of the city, or the interest of the owners of property in the city, that so far is the declara tion from being true, that it is directly opposed to the truth. On this point we ask your attention to the fol lowing suggestions. There is one proposition connected with this subject, the truth of which has, we believe never been vestioned ; that is to say, that if the city shall subscribe for the number of shares proposed, pri vate subscriptions will cease altogether, and the city must take the burden of the whole railroad upon her self. There is another, which we think equally clear, that she must raise the money by loans, if she can, and mast pay the interest by taxes, if she can. She has no other disposable resources. No financiering will relieve the property of the inhabitants from this burden. There is a third, that all experience in Pennsylvania shows to be as true as either of the others ; that for years and years to come, and for a period which we are unable to measure, this burden of taxes must continue. There is not an extensive work of this kind in the state, whether public or private, that brings any dividend to its stock holders. You may look around this city in every direc tion. Railroads and canals have been projected and car ried on in the same spirit which now rules, and the end at this time is that the stocks of most of the private com panies have disappeared from the brokers' exchange as of no commercial value ; that even their loans are far, very far, below par, except in some solitary instances, and that we pay a tax to meet the interest on the loans contracted by the state to make such of these works as are public, and shall continue to pay it, as long as the i public faith shall endure. Can any person tell when the dawn is to break upon the long night which has settled upon most of these companies and works ? There have always been arguments, very good arguments, against any such occurrences as have happened ; but the occur rences are before our eyes, and unless we shut them, and keep there shut, it is impossible to avoid seeing them in every direction ; and unless men are willing to be cheated, and even desirous of being cheated, they will take no argument whatever against such experience. 1 There is another proposition which has great probability on its side, though it may not be so evident as the other, namely, that in proportion as any dividends from a successful railroad shall meet a part of the interest on `the city loans, we may look for a diminution of re ceipts upon a long line of the public works, and increased taxation to meet it. 'What we may cease paying in part to the city, we shall pay to the state. These taxes, fellow-citizens, are to fall upon what ? Upon any new property within the city which the railroad is to create. Upon an increased capital of the trader, manufacturer, and mechanic within her limits ? Upon an increased value of her houses and lots ? Not at all ; or if at all, only in a most inconsiderable de gree. When the advocates of this subscription say that the railroad will produce an increase of taxable capital in the city of Philadelphia corresponding to the interest on the increased debt, they use an ambiguous name, which must be reduced to certainty before we can rea son with them. If they mean an increase of capital, or a profit to the whole commercial city, including all the districts, their allegation does not meet our objection. Our concern is in the corporate city, and the corporate city can derive no profit and no taxes from anything beyond its limits. The increase, to be of any value in the argument, must be within its limits. Now what is the probable increase of houses and stores, or in their va lue, within those limits which the railroad is to set off in aid of the tax paid ? In which direction, let us ask, is the progress of buildings and improvements at the pre sent time under the influence of existing public im provements ? 1,11 any man take a walk round our city, and his eyes will see progress in the north, the north-east, and north-west, and very little else where. This is the destiny of things not to be arrested, and the railroad is to accelerate it. The great future growth is to be in those directions, and not within the limits of the city. For purposes of transportation to the west the whole river front may be employed, as well as that within the city, and that to receive the trade from the west it must happen in this case as it universally happens, that buildings of every kind will stretch out towards the country to meet the productions which are coming in. The true interest and the necessary policy of the city is to reduce her taxes as low as she can, to make them, if possible, lower than those in the northern districts, to counteract the advantage of position which these districts enjoy over her western front, for ever lost to the purposes of trade, as much as Moyamensing, and destined to be the residence, not of trader?, but of per sons of easy fortune and of moderate income, and pos sibly of some manufactories, if the weight of taxes does not drive them away. We say with confidence that every dollar of tax which the railroad debt shall bring upon the city, is a premium upon residence and improvement in these districts, and therefore an injury to the city. It is a premium for deserting the city west of Broad-street, the only material space now remaining to be built upon. The tax will be avoided, and equal or greater conve nience in residence obtained by going north. A rail road tax upon the city must have the double effect to discourage investments in the city, and to increase them in the districts; to increase the value of property else where, and to diminish it at home. It is felt, and justly felt, to be hard that the western trade, which is the golden fleece this railroad is to obtain for our traders, even if every dollar b f it comes into the city, will not pay one dollar of taxation towards the expenses of the road. The trade is not expected to be taxed; it cannot be taxed; it eludes state taxation at this present time, when there is a clear and positive law to tax it, and the state doe 3 not get a dollar from it. The taxes must fall on that on which the present taxes fall, and if any one thinks they are not heavy enough at present, we cannot object to his voting for those who will vote to increase them. The taxes, then, fellow-citizens, which this railroad is to necessitate, are not to fall upon the new houses and stores within the city, which are to be built up in consequence of it, not upon the increased capital of the trader, nor upon the increased value of existing houses and stores. They are to fall upon the property now existing, and in our judgment to depre ciate the value of the great mass of that property, and to raise the value of like property in the districts. It is this general proposition that we ask you to consider. There may be, and if the road should prove successful, there probably will be, exceptions in favour of certain descriptions of property in the city. But the proposition we hold to be generally true; and we had vastly rather, as citizens of this city, take the hazard of losing the western trade, if it is to be lost, of which we have little fear, than to incur the mo mentous responsibility of burdening the-city with a tax to make the road, with the probable consequences which are before us. We wash our hands of it, as we hope you will do. There are many other objections to this scheme of compelling the corporation to build the railroad, which we can only name, without explaining and enforc ing them:—the extreme rashness of embarking the city in such a project upon mere credit, for she has no dis posable property to pay her subscription without borrow ing; the jealousy which is certain to be entertained of her by the country and by the legislature, if she success fully controls such a work, where there exists quite e p e oaw n pafhr o pit u coty g hhi n h ewtgmi o it rv f heoeni t an h t ds a h; t e feelingr limits f a o l rah r e th d e y e ; o h t tr e o fi l o e r f c all c t o h n e t e n contractst ion of , s , the a t n ch d oem emoluments f u t tr h hi a et y t rw a a r hi e l ar to t o eavde grow ar r t o teh u re t , make theajet k r ah,i)nen, those hae e orr n se oes t at which owdofhrbot between toh e w use contains Columbiatinhn convenienceseHnarHarrisburg stateioas of the tut a hohr i rg l eo r kr , a a ot, ny d u Idn to opa p r nhot the Philadelphia, equal getlllphahel consulting company ua te : er for n oto or its own use, while, in a certain event, it is careful to give that right from Harrisburg to Lancaster ; the de fective management that must arise under the directors and agents of a municipal legislature, of annual elec tion, of occasional attendance, of imperfect experience, distant from the scene, and expending from the city purse, and not from their own; these and other objec tions fill us with the deepest apprehensions. CON , . TRAVELLERS' SCHOOLS. The first quarterly General Court of the governors ; of this invaluable institution was held yesterday, at the London Tavern, for the purpose of appointing patrons, , patronesses, a president, vice-president, and other officers for conducting the society for the ensuing year. I Mr. Alderman Sidney took the chair shortly before one o'clock, at which hour there was a goodly array of the members of the institution. Mr. Alderman SIDNEY, On taking the ohair, said that they were assembled for the purpose of passing certain resolutions, and he hoped that from that day they would be in a position to open this most excellent and invaluable institution, which had the promise of great usefulness to a very large, influential, and deserving class of individuals the commercial travellers of the United Kingdom—in its full integrity.—(Cheers.) He must confess at the outset that ho had not come there prepared to take the chair. He had expected that his valuable friend Mr. Master man would have occupied that office, and he had only attended there to support him in this great work of charity and benevolence.—(Hear, hear.) He regretted that ill health would prevent Mr. Masterman from attending. Ile had, however, received a letter from that gentleman which he would read to the meet ing, as it stated his views of the society much better than he (Mr, Alderman Sidney) could do.—(Hear.) , 4 Nicholas-lane, 2teth Dec. 184(1. " Dear Sidney,--I do not feel bold to attend the meet ing to-day, for fear of increasing my cold, and will, therefore, be obliged to your making my apologies, "You do not much enlighten one about the proper amount for me to subscribe, "It has occurred to me that 50 guineas would be the proper sum, If you approve thereof, you may put down my name for the same. " Yours, very truly, " JOIIN MASTERMAN." " P.S. It appears to me, upon consideration, that my presence at this first meeting is better avoided, as I find no record of the appointment of a president, and I pre sume could not be done before the first quarterly meeting." —(Cheers.) He (Mr. Alderman Sidney) quite agreed with the statements in that letter, that he had not much enlightened Mr. Masterman upon the proper amount he ought to subscribe, and he had not done so, because he thought that gentleman much better qualified than him self to say the sum he intended to give, and he was sure that all who knew Mr. Masterman's generosity, both as a private and public man, would say that he was right in the course he had pursued.—(Cheers.) He would there fore announce to the meeting, that Mr. Mastorman had liberally subscribed to the institution 50 guineas.— (Great cheering.) Having said thus much, he was sure that all present would pardon him if he detained them a short time longer in expressing how much he was gratified at the onward progress of this in teresting institution.—(Cheers.) During its short exist ence the donations and subscriptions to it amounted to nearly 6,000/.—(Cheers.) Much, it was true, had still to be done in the way of subscriptions annually, but he had no doubt, as the society became known, its useful ness would be acknowledged, its sphere of charity ex tended, and its benevolent objects appreciated by all classes.—(Cheers.) He (Mr. Alderman Sidney) had carefully attended to the rules and regulations that had been adopted for the future management of the society, and, in the main, he heartily approved of them. He knew that the committee had given great attention to them, but, at the same time, he could have wished that in one respect only, and that was with reference to the word "only" in one of their rules, that that word had been omitted. The rule he referred to was one in which the committee bad thought it necessary to restrict the benefits of the school to the childreu of commercial travellers only. Upon general grounds, he re gretted such a restriction, and would feel most happy to see its objects opened and made accessible to all, feeling confident that the society, by so doing, would be conferring a benefit upon itself and society also.—(Hear.) He made these observations in no selfish spirit, neither had he joined the society from any selfish or interested motives.—(Cheers.) He was no commercial traveller, nor did he employ any.—(Hear, hear.) His only motive in joining it was because be was convinced that it was calculated to do an abundance of good.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) He trusted the objection he had point e d out would be got o ve r as he felt sure that, upon reflection, commercial men themselves would think it rather a disadvantage than otherwise to confine the objects of the school to their own body.—(Cheers.) The object of the present meeting was, as had already been stated by their Honorary Secretary, to elect a president, trustees, and other officers, to conduct the affairs of the society for the year ensuing. For that purpose, certain resolutions had to be proposed and carried, and he would here call upon Mr. Grocock to propose the first. Mr. GROCOCK then moved that the election of John Masterman, Esq,. M.P., as president of the institution, be confirmed.—(Cheers.) He was sure that all present would heartily join in agreeing to this motion.—(Cheers.) The urbanity and kindness of Mr. Masterman had en deered him to all who knew him, and his philanthropy and charity were appreciated in the city of London. Mr. EVANS seconded the motion, which The CHAIRMAN declared to he carried unanimously. Mr. ROBERTS then moved that H. Teape, Esq., James Peake, Esq., and Robert Clarke, Esq., be appointed the three trustees of the institution. All who knew those gentlemen would agree with him that they would do their duty conscientiously, and adopt every means in their power to preserve and properly distribute the funds of the institution.—(Cheers.) Mr. CROWDER seconded the motion. Mr. JACKSON suggested that the annual appointment of trustees would be found to work badly. The CHAIRMAN then put the resolution, and declared it to be carried unanimously. Mr. A. EI. Moons then moved that Mr. George Moore should be the future treasurer of the institution.— (Cheers.) That gentleman, together with their worthy friends Mr. Cuffley, Mr. Carter, and Mr. Walsh, had been one of the originators of this institution, which he was happy to say was now emerging from the embryo state in which it had hitherto been—(Cheers)—and it might now be said to be in a working state to carry out in full vigour the great and beneficial objects for which it had been originally framed.—(Cheers.) Mr. CUFFLEY seconded the motion. He was sure that the society could never intrust the important office of treasurer in better or more effective hands than Mr. George Moore, a gentleman, he must say, who had ex erted himself to the utmost for the interest of the in stitution.—(Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN put the motion to the meeting, and declared it to be carried unanimously. On the motion of Mr. Waesu, seconded by Sir. CUPPLEY, six gentlemen were appointed the auditors of the institution for the ensuing year. Mr. J. JONES proposed the re-election of Mr. Laurence as honorary secretary for the ensuing year, after pay • ing him a high compliment for the excellence of his judgment and the devotion of his time and talent for the benefit of the institution. He was sure that Mr. Laurence would not only be an independent but a zea lous officer to the institution.—(Cheers.) Mr. CARTER seconded the motion, which The CHAIRMAN declared to be carried unanimously. Mr. Gordon was unanimously re-elected the secretary for the ensuing year, with a salary of 100 guineas. Mr. TEAPE moved the appointment of thirty-six gen tlemen, among whom was the worthy Alderman who presided, as a board of management for the ensuing year. He hoped that they had that day laid the foundatiou of an institution that would equal, if not exceed, anything that the piety or the charity of their forefathers had es tablished.—(Cheers.) The motion having been seconded, was declared by The CHAIRMAN to be carried unanimously. The CHAIRMAN, after complimenting the meeting and the board of management that they had selected, and stating that their duties would be most onerous, stated that it was his intention next year to propose a resolu tion to do away with all restrictions as to the objects of the charity.--(Cries of "Hear, hear.") They had now an institution for the children of commercial travellers only. What, he would ask, was to become of those of their principals, if they should turn out to be unfortunate in commerceP—(hear, hear.) Mr. Phillip, Mr. Robert Clarke, jun., Mr. George Smith, and Mr. J. R. Cufiley, were then proposed, and unanimously elected vice-presidents of the institution. Mr. Carter was also proposed as a vice-president, but that gentleman having stated his wishes to remain in the situation he then occupied, as one of the board of management, at the suggestion of the chairman a unani mous vote of thanks was carried to him for his great services in the cause of the institution. It was stated by the Hon. Secretary that the amount already subscribed was 6,3501. 10s. ; that the annual income of the society was 4131., and that the school would be in working order about next June. A vote of thanks was then proposed to the Chairman, and car ried unanimously. The CHAIRMAN in returning thanks, trusted that at the next annual meeting they would see the institution in full work, and that the first fruits of their exertions would be then presented to the subscribers.—(Cheers.) The meeting then broke up. From Civveland to Boston, vial Buf falo, Albany, and. Massachusetts R. T.:soads Pro m Cleveland to New York via. the New York and Erie Railroad From. Cleveland to New York, via Pittsburg, Harrisburg, and Phi ladelphia From Gleveland to Philadelphia, via Pittsburg and Harrisburg 466 45 11 It will thus be seem that Cleveland, the most important city on the lakes, and the northern terminus of the Ohio State Canal, more than 300 miles in length, and the Cin cinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland Railroad, now in pro gress, 260 miles in length, both passing through highly productive portions of the State, is situated 265 miles nearer Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania route than to Boston by the new York and Massachusetts route, and 174 miles nearer Philadelphia by the Pensylvania route than to the city of New York by the shortest New York route, whilst the maximum gradients in all cases are greatly in favour of the Pennsylvania route. Who, therefore, can reasonably doubt that a railroad possess ing such superior advantages will attract to itself an immense amount of trade and travel, richly remunerating the stockholders, at the same time adding largely to the revenues of the commonwealth, and contributing beyond all present estimates to the growth and comfort, the business and prosperity of Philadelphia ? What has been the effect of similar improvements in other cases ? But for the construction of the main line from Philadelphia to Pitsburg, imperfect as it is, and im peded by frosts and droughts for a considerable portion of the year, and other internal improve• ments, the population, business, and real estate of these two cities, as well as of other portions of the State, would scarcely have equalled two-thirds of the present estimates. The construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, towards which the city of Baltimore largely contributed, although completed only half the entire distance, has, as is stated, nearly or quite doubled the amount of her western trade, and greatly augmented the value of her real and personal estate, whilst the nett earnings of the road are already more than equal to the interests on the investment. The city of New York, within ten years from the completion of the New York and Erie Canal, had nearly doubled her population, and the value of her real and personal estate had swelled from 100 millions to 218 millions,' and went on increasing, notwithstanding great pecuniary dif ficulties and devastating fires, until the completion of the railroad from Boston to Albany, which has had a sensible effect in diminishing the western trade, and thereby the value of her real and personal estate. The road from Albany to Boston was completed in 1841, in which year the value of her real and personal estate in the city of New York was 252 millions ; in 1842, 238 millions ; in 1843, 228 millions; in 1844, 236 millions; and in 1845, 240 millions ; still 12 millions less than in 1841, although in the interim several thousand buildings were erected. New York, partly with the hope of recovering her lost advantages, had found it expedient to construct a railroad (running nearly parallel with the Hudson river) and another to Dunkirk on Lake Erie, at an aggregate expense of some twenty millions of dollars. " Upon Boston the effect of this road (from Boston to Albany) has been most remarkable. In the four years interreaing, from 1841 to 1845, her population has increased from 93,000 to 115,000, and the value of her real and personal estate within the same period, from $98,000,000 to 5135,000,000. When this growth is compared with her former history, as the oldest city on the Atlantic, we shall be able to appreciate her astonishing progress under the disadvantages of a soil ungenial, almost to sterility." Even the city of Albany, though small in comparison, has aided much more liberally in proportion to her means than Philadelphia is now desired to, towards the construction of a rail road designed to promote her trade and intercourse. That city has thereby greatly increased, not only the business, but the value of her real and personal estate, and at the saline time is receiving dividends on the amount of her investment at the rate of 8 per cent. per annum. Yet none of these improvements held out, originally, any advantages, either general or special at all to be compared with those that may reasonably be expected from the speedy construction of the Pennsyl vania Railroad. If satisfactory assurances are given that this road will be promptly commenced and pushed forward to c oupletion, we may safely calculate not only upon a connexion with the Pittsburg and Cleveland road, and the road leading from Cincinnati via Colum ous to Cleveland, but also with the Sandusky and Mans field road, either at Mansfield or Mount Vernon, with a probable extension westward, through the cen tral portions of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, to he Mississippi river, with branches from the north and the south, which in less than three years from its completion will bring to the main stem an amount of trade and travel far surpassing all present cal cul item. This is the true, and the only true method of securing for Philadelphia any considerable portion of the trade of the lakes. The produce and commodities, which, in the absence of such railroad facilities as we have above suggested, are now, at much expense, conveyed chiefly from the northern and central portions of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, to ports on the lakes, and give employment to a vast amount of tonnage, if once afloat on those waters, may be considered as lost to Philadelphia. If we design to secure fur Philadelphia "the trade of the lakes," we must intercept it before it reaches the lakes. At Cleveland, Sandusky, and Toledo, and between the two places last named, a railroad is now contemplated ; we have the advantage in distance of 174 miles, and at all points 50 miles south of the lakes, 274 miles over New York, and a still greater advantage over Boston, and during the five months of the year, when the lakes are closed, which is the season when the products of the west are generally prepared for market, the cities named can not compete with us, either for the trade or travel, ex cept by our "central route." The navigation of the lakes is usually obstructed by ice from five to six months in the year, whilst the railroad during seasons of frost, as well as at all other seasons, will furnish a ready, safe, and expeditious conveyance, without trans-shipment, to a steady and desirable market. On such a railroad, so e :tended and connected, it has been estimated, by gootl judges, that the tonnage cannot be less than 200,000, and the passengers 300,000 per annum! Who shall calcu late the effect of such an increased amount of trade and travel upon the commerce and navigation, and the growth and prosperity of Philadelphia? But what if the Pennsylvania Railroad be not made, and the Balti more and Ohio Company, as they would in that case have the right to do, should extend their road to Pitts burg, and form a connexion with the Ohio railroads, to which wo have above alluded. Ail the advantages, we repeat, which we have it now in our power to secure for our own state and city, would then be transferred to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and to the city of Balti more. Some, we are aware, have affected to believe And ps rn for s ee:, aoai that Philadelphia, because of her superior capital, and the deservedly high character of her merchants, would still retain her present portion of the western trade, al though she might not be able to increase it. This we believe to be a fatal delusion. The position of Baltimoro, so far as regards the foreign and coastwise trade, is at least equal to that of Philadelphia; and, in the case above supposed, her advantages in respect to the wes tern trade would be greatly superior. The distance by railroad from that city to Philadelphia is 93 miles. The additional expense, therefore, of transporting 200,000 tons of freight between the two points, at the low rate of three cents. per ton per mile, and 21 cents. per ton for charges in Baltimore, would be wni al oe t u a al tanke Baltimore,et d a n n g t ha3enonsoa:ooo passengers at the • $1,500,000 x l d lo b w oe - f ance for ex penses Philadelphia and in favour • of Baltimore, or in that ratio according to the greater or less amount of business and travel passing by that route between P • hiladelphia and the West. So monstrous a tax as this the business men of Philadelphia cannot afford to pay, and the Western dealer will not pay. By the construction of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia will be placed even nearer to Pittsburgh, and to the main channels of the western trade, than Baltimore can possibly be by way of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, whilst the maximum gradients on the latter nearly double those on the former. Nature has afforded us advantages and facilities with respect to railroad improvements enjoyed by no other Atlantic city, and if we avail ourselves of these advantages and facilities, while it is yet time, the growth and prosperity of Philadelphia will at least equal, if it do not surpass, that of any other city in the union. Some have entertained the opinion that if the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company should ultinentely extend their road through Virginia to the Ohio river at Wheel ing, or Fishing Creek, a large portion of the trade and travel ascending that stream would be diverted by that road, notwithstanding its short curvatures and gradients, varying from eighty-two to a hundred feet per mile, and consequent high charges. Thi s we believe to be a groundless apprehension. The aver age period in each year, for a number of years past, dt (ring which the Ohio river could not be navigated to a l vantage by steam-boats, is less than six weeks, say thirty-nine days—previously to the arrival of which pet-ic el, western produce is usually sent to market--a and it is during this short space of time -only that this road could enjoy any of these supposed advan tages. The Pennsylvania route, by its connexion with Cincinnati, above referred to, will strike the river many miles below, at one of our most important cities. To and from this point the passeng ar desirous of avoiding the river would assuredly take the railroad. Where expedition is of more importance th: en low freight, or in low stages of water, the same woul .d be the case With morchwicilze, Whore low 140414 is tlu Ojevtl Ws 4 900,000 NORFOLK TURKEYS.—Between Monday and Wed nesday the number of packages of turkeys, &c., sent to London by the mail and passenger trains was 1,890; and by the goods trains, 502; total, 2,392. As many as 280 turkeys were in some packages, and the majority of those packages weighed several hundred weight each. Arrangements on an adequate scale were made at the Shoreditch station for the delivery of this immense number of Norfolk turkeys, so that they were nearly all sent to their destinations immediately on sheir arrival in town. —Norfolk Chronicle. ALLEGED DEATH FROM TFIE EFFECTS OF SYRUP or CoLTsrom—On Thursday evening, an inquest was held before Mr. Baker, at the Rod Lion, Bathy-street, Commercial-road, Eau, on the body of William Price, au infant only 14 days old, whose death was alleged to have been caused by the improper administration of a medicine called syrup of coltsfoot. Ellen Butler, ser vant at Mr. Price's, butcher, of No. 3, Duke-street, St. George's•in-the-East, said the deceased was sickly from the period of its birth, and subject to a cough. On Saturday last, the witness advised her mistress to pur chase a pennyworth of the syrup of coltsfoot. She went to Mr. Dyke, a chemist and druggist, and after informing him of the nature of the child's complaint, purchased about one tablespoonful of the medicine. On reaching home, she gave the child half a teaspoonful of the mixture. The infant appeared better, and went to sleep, and continued in a very drowsy state the whole of the following day (Sunday). On Monday morning the child was crying, but afterwards went to sleep, and died the same afternoon. The coroner said that death might have been caused hy other means than the admin istration of an opiate. A child only a fortnight oid,wr.4 likely to die from various can-4,5. lie reeminneLdvd jury in this case to return a verdict of " Natural death," which, after some opposition on the part of the jurors, 1443 Agreed to. SHIPWRECK PROM FAIR WEATHER.—There ha* recently been an instance of shipwreck caused by fair weather. When the tea is agitated, it always breaks on the rocks lying at the mouth of the Charente, and sailors can thus avoid them. But one night lately the se* etas so calm that, by the light of the moon, no mptom of peril could be perceived, and the English brig the Ann, proceeding from England to Charente, came right on the rocks and was wrecked. Fortunately the crew escaped. THE SUN, LONDON, TiI.ES - 15A t 74 .r,VENING, DECENIREIt 29, 1846 FATAL ACCIDENTS WITH FIRE- ARMS. We regret to record an accident of a most appalling nature, which occurred at Milverton on Friday last. The facts of the case are as follows :—A man, named Cross, had been on a shooting excursion on the above day, and on returning home placed his gun, which was loaded with a full charge, close to the clock. One of his sons, a mere youth, as soon as his father's back was turned, took up the gun, and pointing it as his mother, pulled the trigger, when, shocking to relate, the gun went off, and the whole contents were lodged in the forehead of the unfortunate woman's head, who imme diately fell down dead. The father immediately ran down stairs when he heard the report, when a frightful scene presented itself to his view ; the body of his life less wife weltering in her blood, and his son standing over in a frantic condition. The unfortunate woman has left a large family, to deplore her untimely end.—Somer set County Gazette. On the 17th inst. Mr. Lovegrove held an inquest at Bream, on the body of Thomas Isaacs, a boy about 12 years of age, whose death was occasioned in the follow ing most deplorable manner:—Three men, named Thos. Brown, Wm. Beach, and George Ridler, were in com pany together on the previous Sunday morning, the 13th inst., having two guns with them, with which they amused themselves shooting at small birds. After a while they adjourned to the Cross Keys Inn, Bream, and drank two quarts of beer between them, and then left to proceed home. The persons who had the guns were Brown and Ridler, and as they passed along the road a bird came and alighted within distance for a shot, and Ridler said, " Shoot the whoop," meaning the bird, upon which both Brown and Ridler raised their guns to their shoulders and fired. Only Ridler's gun, however, went off, that of Brown having hung fire, but this he did not seem to be aware of indeed all three men declare they believed at the time that both guns had exploded. While they were looking for the bird, the boy Isaacs came up, and as he approached them Brown said to his companions, " I will have a bit of fun with the boy," and then called out to him, " I'll shoot you, my boy." The poor lad stood still and laughed, and 'tidier asked him, " Where are you going, my little man?" to which he replied, " Down to Richard Morgan's to have my dinner." All this time Brown, who was about a yard from the boy, continued his most unhappy frolic, still pointing the rnuazle of the gun backwards and forwards in front of the child, when at last the gun went off, and lodged its contents in the body of the ill-fated boy, who put his hand to his bleeding breast, and cried out, " Oh dear, oh dear!" Brown himself seemed horror-stricken at what he had done, and exclaimed, "Oh Lord, oh Lord! I have shot the boy—what shall I do ;" and run ning to the little fellow, he took him in his arms, and said, "my dear child, I would not have done it for the world—l thought my gun was empty." They carried the wounded victim of this most melancholy and fatal jesting to a neighbouring cottage, Brown continuing like a man distracted at what he had done, and Ridler proceeded with all haste to Coleford for a surgeon ; but long before his return the deceased breathed his last sigh, in the cottage to which his man gled body had been carried. The above facts were de posed to before a very respectable jury, and an ad journment took place till Monday next.—Gloucester Journal. On Saturday last the following melancholy accident happened in the island of Portland :—As a preventive man, of the name of Hancock, stationed in the island, who had just returned from duty, was cleaning the barrel of his pistol, the charge of which he had unfortunate!) omitted to withdraw, while holding it with the muzzle pointed towards his person, it unhappily went off, and the contents were lodged in his body, excepting the ball. which passed through him, causing immediate death We regret to add, he has left a widow and seven children to lament their bereavement of a good husband an father. An inquest was held on the body on Monday, before J. Wallis, Esq., county coroner, when the jury returned their verdict, " Accidental death." We heal that a subscription has been begun, and liberally se conded, on behalf of the distressed widow and family.— Sherbourne Journal. SLAVERY IN BR ‘ZIL Previous to my arrival in Brazil, I had been led to believe, from the reports that had been published in Eng land, that the condition of the slave in that country vva the most wretched that could be conceived; and the ac counts which I heard when I landed—from individuals whom I now find to have been little informed on the point—tended to confirm that belief. A few years' resi dence in the country, during which I saw more than ha, fallen to the lot of most Europeans, has led me to alter very materially those early impressions. lam no advo cate for the continuance of slavery; on the contrary, I should rejoice to see it swept off from the face of the earth : but I will never listen to those who represent the Bra zilian slaveholder to be a cruel monster. My experience among them has been very great, and but very few wan ton acts of cruelty have come under my own observation. The very temperament of the Brazilian is adverse to it, general occurrence. They are of a slow and indolent habit, which causes much to be overlooked in a slave that by people of a more active and ardent disposition would be severely punished. Europeans, who have this latter peculiarity more strongly inherent in them, are known to be not only the hardest of taskmasters, but the most severe punishers of the faults of their slaves. * * On most of the plantations the slaves are well attended to, and appear to be very happy; indeed, it is a characteris tic of the negro, resulting no doubt from his careless disposition, that he very soon gets reconciled to his con dition. I have conversed with slaves in all parts of the country, and have met with but very few who expressed any regret at having been taken from their own country, or a desire to return to it. On some of the large estates at which I have resided for short periods, the number of slaves often amounted to three or four hundred; and but for my previous knowledge of their being such, I coub; never have found out from my own observations that they were slaves. I saw a set of contented and well-condi tioned labourers turning out from their little huts, often surrounded by a small garden, and proceeding to their respective daily occupations; from which they returned in the evening, but not broken and bent down with the severity of their tasks. The condition of the domestic slave is perhaps even better than that of the others; hi, labour is but light, and he is certainly better fed and clothed. I have almost universally found the Brazilian ladies kind both to their male and female domestic slaves; this is particularly the case when the latter have acted as nurses. On estates where there has been no medical altendant, I have often found the lady of the proprietor atttending to the sick in the hospital herself.—Gardner's Travels in Brazil. SLAVE AUCTION SCENE IN AMERICA. In the winters of 1840 and 1841, having business in Western Virginia, where this peculiar institution flourishes in its mildest form (be it remembered I was at this time opposed to anti-slavery principles), Dec. 28th, I found myself at Martinsburg. the county seat of Berkley. About ten o'clock of the aforesaid day, I ob served a crowd congregated in the public square, in fron' of a superior-looking building, which had very much the appearance of a gaol, as it proved to be. On inquiring of my landlord the cause of the meeting, he said it was " a hiring"— in other words, a negro sale, as I after wards found that a number were hired for life. I walked down to the market, and to obtain a better view. I mounted a large waggon in the street, directly opposite to the stand of the auctioneer, who had commenced hi, work. He was a large man, dressed in aristocratic style, with a profusion of ruffles, gold finger rings, watch-seals, and last, and not least, a largo whip, called by drivers a „ loaded whip." The hiring I un derstood to be of a number of slaves of a certain estate, who were hired out from year to year to the highest bidder, for the benefit of the heirs. These sales take place between Christmas and new year—the holi days—quite a recreation for the slaves who are to change masters. After a number had been disposed of in this way, the crier announced that he would offer for sale six slaves. He then put up two, father and son. The old man was near sixty years of age, a cripple ; the son was about twenty-three, a perfect specimen of man. There were present two Georgia soul-drivers, who bid eight hundred dollars for both. When the crier re marked it was a small bid for both, the Georgian re plied, he would give eight hundred without the old man, as he was of no account. The young man gave the bidder a look that would have shamed the devil ; the old man wept bitterly. The son sold on the bid ; and the father was sold for sixty dollars to an old farmer, who had never kept a slave in his life. Thus father and son were separated. The next was that of a girl fifteen years of age. (These slaves had been hired out to different individuals the past year.) She was brought crying upon the stand. With an oath, he bid her stop her "blubbering," and then proceeded with the sale She was sold for one hundred and fifty. The next case was that of a young white woman, sixteen years old, with a young child. I say white woman, because the auctioneer said she was only one-ei g hth black, and I have seen many of the fail girl s of Ohio who could not boast of as fair complexion, or as good figure or features. She came upon the s t an d with her infant in her arms, in the deepest misery. A gentleman who had taken his seat beside me, observing that I was much inte rested, remarked, he thought I was a stranger in that country. I answered that I was. " Th ese thi ngs look odd to you." " Theydo. Said he, "you see that Tand m vruh a eenu n drdst then tedohdlehl aaisnrfi dollars face; fi o cdes w f to ys; d n ' we' she p ,Th, onighi his child t ezb i he n igddi rdof l t on o uace rona moment, t e oti ma w ht few se i ep t ni h mGet i :oe n ctotihh a rnegegnr aug burst soldbpa ine bid four e eifi s non utat o oort f the stand ; " that is Dr. G. lie hired that girl last year ht tears. a r r s. eyes smh eryewsGtaeosddk knocked onckDedr thought. off ff o; t s ih ' who a o i t Georgian. e o rgpossibl e?iinstantlyan and that child is his l" The Georgia n bid t h ree hun ath t o o r c r r e o n w t o — f southern bondage. I was cured of my pro-slavery principle.—Cincinnati Herald. A SHOWER or WHITE FLuas.—On Sunday, thef 6th ult., a most singular fact attracted the observation of some of the inhabitants of the eastern road settle ments. About three o'clock P.m., a shower of small white flies came drifting along, borne along on a gentle breeze from the north wt st. For upwards of an hour and a half they continued to float onward in a south wardly direction past a certain point, where an indivi dual had the curiosity to watch the extraordinary flight. So that if they travelled only at the slow rate of four miles per hour, they must have reached a distance of six miles in a lineal direction. How far they extended in width, the writer had no means of judging; but as far as the eye cuulil reach, the afm,s.pherc! presented pearanee similar to what it does during a violent snow squ!,ll. litt/U; Post. The Venerable Atehde'Aeon Shirley's consecration as Bishop of Sodor and Man is fixed to take place on January 10, 1847, at Whitehall Chapel. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. BOW-STREET. Signor Philip Cioffi appeared to answer a complaint preferred against him by his wife, of neglecting to maintain her and his daughter, whereby they became chargeable to the Strand Union authorities. Mr. Boxwood, the relieving officer, having handed to the court a printed order, signed by Mr. Cooper, an overseer of St. Paul's, Covent-garden, said that, in obedience to it, he waited on the complainant, who was ' lodging at 5, Tavistock-street, her husband residing at No. 40, in the same street, and from her repretentation it appeared she had come from America with her daughter, to rill situations in Covent-garden Theatre, where her husband was to he engaged in the orchestra, he having resigned the place he had filled at her Majesty's Theatre. Having ascertained that the def, ndant was living with another woman, he waited on him to hear what reasons he could advance for allowing his wife to become chargeable : he refused to give any until the case was brought before the court. The complainant being sworn, said that having eloped with the defendant from her father's house in New York, she was married to him on the 4th of October, 1846, as appeared by the certificate produced. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. Henry Chase in private, as she feared her father would prevent her marrying, she being a member of the Church of Eng land. The only form observed was, that they mutually promised to become partners for life, and there were a few prayers read, but there was no ring, as on similar occasions. The defendant, she believed, was a Catholic, but he adhered to no religion in particular, and they had lived together for several years, except when he was obliged to absent himself on theatrical business. She in consequence of ill-health, and through the mediation of Mr. Felton, who lodged in the same house, ()Veined parish relief from the Strand Union. The defendant denied that his wife was compelled to seek for parish relief, as she had sufficient money in her possession, arising from the sale of his property in Ame rica, in addition to which he sent her 201. about six months back. Mr. HALL put several questions to the complainant, and from her answers it appeared that she had disposed of two lots of ground, which, however, were of very little value ; and also a slave, for whom she had got 505 dollars, from which 35 were deducted, and she had paid 75 dollars for medical assistance, together with 12 dollars for medicine, for all of which she could pro luce receipts ; and on her arrival in England, on Saturday week, she had 100 dollars, part of which she expended in the purchase of clothing for herself and her :laughter, and the reason why she had applied to the parish was, that she anticipated her husband, at whose repeated solicitations she had come to the country, would support her. Mr. HALL said that the ease was not ripe for magis terial interference, and he would suggest that she should arrange her differences in a quiet and satisfactory man ner with her husband. The complainant said that she would prefer return ing to America, where she could support herself by teaching music, to accepting of any engagement in Lon ion, as her husband had deceived her in many ways for years. _ . Mr. HALL said he maid express no other opinion upon the matter, and the parties left the Court. MANSION HOUSE. CHARGE OP MALICIOUSLY SHOOTING AT A PERSON.— Pat , ick Power, a man who has been several years in the employment of Messrs. Eyre and Moses, of Crown court, Philpot lane, merchants, was charged, under the Ist Vict., cap. 85, sec. 4, with having unlawfully and ,naliciously shot at William Nowlan. The prosecutor, a porter in the service of Messrs. Teed and Bishop, stated that the prisoner's employers occupied the upper part of the premises owned by that firm; that between eight and nine o'clock on the morning of Wednesday last he had a dispute with the prisoner sbout a water-pipe which carried off the water from the upper premises to a blind well in the cellar belonging to %lessrs. Eyre and Moses; that the prisoner d—d his eyes tbout the water-pipe, and afterwards rushed out of the .ellar, and retiring about three yards, deliberately fired at him with a pistol, saying, " that's the way to strike terror into you;" that he heard something pass his ear, and that he fell down, supposing that he was shot, in which supposition however he was mistaken, as he sus tained no injury. The witness further stated that he believed the prisoner to be a very desperate character. In his cross-examination, the witness could not exactly :ay why he called the prisoner a desperate character. The wadding of the pistol was, he stated, found, but no bullet was found. Mr. Sidney (the prisoner's solicitor)—ls it not noto rious that the men who work with you do all they can to /lake a butt and a ridicule of the prisoner? The prose. tutor—Not to my knowledge. George Bull, in the employment of Messrs. Eyro and Moses, heard some words between the prisoner and the prosecutor, and saw the prosecutor double his fists and put himself in a fighting attitude, at which the prisoner 'napped his fingers, and said he did not care that for the prosecutor, and a few moments afterwards witness saw the prisoner go down into the cellar, return speedily, tnd fire off a pistol in the direction in which the prose tutor was standing, saying " Take that." Thomas Holbeck stated that be bought the pistol for •he prisoner above a year ago at Mr. Field's, on Tower nill, and was told by him that he wanted it to protect a a warehouse of his employer. William Gill (City policeman 538) was sent for on Wednesday, in consequence of the pistol having been fired. He saw the prisoner, who said he was coming to look for him, told him the pistol was in the cellar, and that he had fired it, but that there was nothing in it but powder and paper. I)avid Hutson (City policeman 58) went to the pre• raises, and saw the last witness, who said to him, " This inan (the prisoner) has shot at some one;" and the pri .oner said, "The pistol is down below; I am not afraid, L will show where it is;" and the prisoner pointed out ,here it lay behind some barrels. In the warehouse NUS found a piece of paper, which smelt very strongly of gunpowder, but no mark of a bullet was seen about the premises. The prisoner made a very roundabout statement, which plainly indicated that he had been harshly treated by some of the men employed in the adjoining premises, of whom the prosecutor was one. That they had d—d him for a spiteful wretch, asked him why he did not go hack to his own country, and otherwise insult( d him, ind that the conduct of the prosecutor was particularly 'aggravating. " I had," said the prisone:, "to go up and down, and each time to pass Nowlan as he stood at the door threatening me, and I had a pktcl with powder and paper merely in my side-pocket, and I snapped it at his breast merely to frighten him, and to bring the case before the Lord Mayor or some other magistrate. I had that pistol, I assure your Lordship, to protect myself against a combination which has existed against me more than two years. Mr. Sidney said the prisoner had been the faithful iervant of Messrs. Eyre and Moses for twenty-five years, ins that these gentlemen were convinced the man had no intention of doing any serious mischief, and had no objection to have him back in their service as soon as passible. The LORD MAYOR said the prisoner had been guilty of a very gross offence, at all events, for, supposing there was no ball in the pistol, the wadding might have struck the eye of the prosecutor, and done him irreparable mischief. His Lordship felt that, although the state ments which had been made in favour of the prisoner you'd, in all probability, influence a jury, he had no alternative but to submit the case to that tribunal. The prisoner was then committed upon the charge of felony. IVilliam Pond, a regular dustman, and his wife, Mar garet, were charged with having aesaulted an old woman and two little boys. Several of the fraternity were present. the neighb our - The defendants had been drinking in t hood of Petticoat-lane at the close of their labours on boxing- day, and the beverage told more sev ere l y upon the du.tman's wife than upon himself. An old woman was hobbling by as they came out of a public-house, and the dustman, who was ripe for fun, cl a ppi ng hi s h an d s , set his wife upon her , and cried out " Pitch into the ould 'un P eg , you devil." The order was no sooner issued than obeyed. Peg floored the poor creature, and two little fellows, who saw the incident, tri e d to p reven t any further violence. Their antag on i s t, h owever , soon s howed her superiority by pitching the boys over the old wo man, and the dustm an , w h ose powers were not ca ll e d into action until the police appeared and collared his wife, then began to show that he was deserving of his partner. He tried to rescue her, but the force were not to be denic d, and they securely lodged both in the station-house. _The LORD MAYOR—Which:were the more intoxicated? The policeman, in whose custody they were introduced to his Lordship, sa id th e man was sober in com p a ri so n with the woman. Pond—Why you see, my Lord, she was very lushy. A little overtuck her. It is all she had this blessed Christ mas ; and I wanted to carry her home, but the gentle men there would'nt stand it, so I thought I would'nt leave her in sich a pinkie. The LORD MAYOR—You are fined 203., or fourteen days ; and she is fined 10s., or fourteen days. . . . . . A rough voice in the crowd—"l say, my Lordship, what will you let the pair on 'em at liberty for ?" The Loin lileYon-They shall be discharged upon paying 30s. The Voice—Take ten. We'll rise ten bob here if you'll let the pair OR 'em go.—(Laughter.) The LORD MAYOR—NO ; they must pay 30s. or go to prison, and that won't be comfortable. If the oA wo man and the second boy had appeared. the punishment would have been much heavier. A deep and general groan issued from the dustmen behind the bar and their wives, and one of the latter cried out, " Oh, aint it scandalous to lock 'em up for a fortnight for only pitching into an old warmint, not worth the dirt she was tumbled in." In a very short time the fraternity contrived to pay 30q., the presence of the defendants being indis pensably necessary in going the rounds for Christmas boxes in consequence of the apprehended competition of the flying dustmen. FIRE IN THE HAYMARKET.—Late on Monday night the premises belonging to Mr. Stray, a tailor, of 39, Haymarket, were disc over, d to b- on fire by a police man. Ile succeeded in arousing the inmates, not, 119w ever, before the flames completely cut off all means of effecting a retreat by the usual way. The parties ma naged to get upon the roof of the premises, and they were taken into the adjoining house. The fire was not subdued until it had passed through almost every apart ment in the house, destroying a considerable amount of stock, furniture, and other effects. Mr. Stray was in sured in the Phoenix Office, hut rot to t! -, e amount of . ANTI'T")N. `, Ev N1! - : i•i, Peolit.ul,, with t i.e ohe took out aboul, thirty tons of bale goods, twenty-four passengers, an d Y0X101,16 DlcrChandice. by WORK O S ROBERT CITLITNWEL M.D. M.R.C.S. ne Shilling each. by DostE Ours and L, Sixpence ON SINGLE snd MARRIED LIFI (An Original Me,7:cal CONTENTS: Analysis of the Affections —Early ConventiOnt,' of Paternity • direction—Marital Anticipations and ReaAttes-1. Restraint— . Mis Maternal Influenee—Phesornena of Goo.fion—n lir.JVilcd"l.." Infertile Unions —Incongruous Alliances --Late 15.'614.3e8- kiferiess Matches—Curiosities of Twenty-three Years' Medical' &c. &c. 2. ld its INFRINGEMENTS Oa CHASTITY any. (An Essay tor 1646.) "Of human ills and trailties I discourse, Those taught by nature, and by art acAtned. Of griefs conceal'd, and disappoirinnento 'teen, Which young and gentle, the matured and 'Age. The lonely and th‘: mated—all sustain. In kindly spirit, herein counsel's gir'n, How health, how hope, how happiness to 450; 3. WHAT to EAT, DRINK, and AVOID Witk Diet Tables for all Complaints. Contents :—How to ensure perfect di g estion, tranquil foetus good night's rest, a clear head, and a contented mind. By an servance of the instructions herein container the feeble, the o veusly delica e, even to the most shatter co ed nstitution ifs itesi mayaerind# the greatest amount of physical happiness, and reach ltls full period of life allotted to man. " How we sbould live—what eat, wh at drink, what shoe, To reach in health full threescore years and ten," These interesting little volumes, althoug h bearing upon •stlltief!! very delicate import, as their titles imply , will be found of keurteo. vil-V surable and general utility, for they tell of matters everylietstr, ture able I.‘ anderstaal ought to know, but which informal these enlightened times, except that quality promulgated thrasf4- questionab a hannels, is at a very terrible discount. hidden truthss % In the exposition hereby offered of the till now nature, cf human disappointments and their ways of relief, it is est contended that every , •osder shall become his or her own phYsinn”. erg • any more than their own law-ye., 1 - '2: it is insis ted upon that should know the simple principles of our own organization, the law whereby our existence and the issue thereof in their seve ral health) states depend, the duties that are expected of us in our individes capacities In the family circle, and the terms on which the health and happiness of the present and future race of mankind have to rely. By such knowledge, and which is herei n faithfullY _ kealth will be found to be in our own keeping , an d Iis P IS -T ,5 , - 71thin the attainment of all; by the availment hereof in %M I L! to ourselves, we secure the lilt advantages ou ourhiCh ris'.l4l end finally by the cultivation if our faculties , :: body no y our tt t w Y be exalted to the de n consistent will.; g u e :, ne mi ra t te of health, the mind as well as the kighes of God's creations. perfection, as best becomes his own Wr it ' this seeming ening"! at " su reg The authors jufication - , rity of purpose, mu st ings, and the ' avowal of their intc„, fi,efong guarantee that - by their perusal—his accredited qua.. ; u rge, 14 7 topics broached involve his legitknate stua .7 Carrot. To be had of sherwood, ' 23, Paternoster-.- Ou rnhill; Fleet-street; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Mann , (lesding the t S" direct from the Author, 10, Argyle-place, Regent-etreet Great Marlborough-street), who may be advised personalll", Niu -1 matters daily till Three, and in the Evenings from Seven I --....------ 1 Giiiiiii A POPULAR TREATISE en the fIEALTII, LarE. and of the BODILY FUNTIONS. ( NINETEENTH EDITION price 2s. 6d. ; C Free by T ..t " -le 11 s e aled Envelope) 3s. 64., Work T HE SILENT FRIEND, A- Medical di a tot di t on the loss of the reproductive powers, wi thin _. - crrictar ell,, r Lion. The baneful effects of Indulgence, neglect.. . te d bf P a r condary Symptoms, &c., are fully pointed otif. Ill i t r ;g Oil ."' graylings ; followed by observations on Marriage' '''''' • PRRY and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London. .4f teddes d6 Published by the Authors, and ma he had at tb-- ofweja Sold by Strange, No. hi, Paternoster r ow;' Gordon, 14 6 , ? 3 d ( off* street ; Purkis, Compton-street, oho ; Hannay street, and 37, Ito, al Exchangeall hooksellers. _ ..ho ara Part I. of this Work is particularly addressed to thtit, w ,f eer. tprevented from forming a llatriraonialu n a vailable through i,.,, e „ticos to an disqualifications, and will bef min intrw— the means of perfect and secret restoration to ores -. either Part 11. treats perspicumusl) upon those forms of dise shoes in their primary or secondary state, arising front 1 infe_ction,,wientsi and Co., u , hor, numbers who neglect to obtain competent medical upon theZiselves years of misery and suffering. The CORDI. -direc ted te oh bar the cure of nervous Z.. "id sexual debility, irregularitY , w° And dell- BALM OF SYRIACUM is exclnsivelyon renuess, loss of appetite, ties arising from venereal excesses, 4 tc; Pride ! is ' "i tie. The Five-pound cases may be h a :. zte petit,. 4 ,,, t) As Ott' i n Llizestion i conSumPtiVe habilis. per b e t. The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE f'SS,l‘,,,,' bioett tr A litr; syphilitic remedy for &Welting out and pUtifYin% ''",... 41 " ---4t nereal contamination. scurvy, blotches on the head, iu , — , ... ii . tr ._ ulcerations, and those painful affections arising from illili r 'r, 110 ment, secondarysvm + -- --P.oms, and all eruptions of the skltt. , and 33s..per bottle. . ,%40/A •'' fee 45: at ht. . PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price So' and 11 s. per box, are the most effectual remedy tr stii hindri an 4 0 flarnmation, irritation of the bladder, &c., without business. *un f case / 1 se . Consultation fee, if by Letter, IL A minute do+- - ,, ft , twi ddoact cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendant s at Weill" two en le, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London, from ee l " five till eight; and en Sundays from eleven till twelve. ON rilE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF • MATURITY. 4rrie'Gfb- WITH TWENTY-FIVE COLOURED ENGRA,.—,,-„. glee Just published, Twentieth Thousand ealod in A SOW S 2s. 6d. Jr pest paid, to any address, ior 35. 6d. In direct from the Author's residence. T *fist SELF. PRESERVATION : A Medical *fist iiitY ►►JJ on the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of You l l 11 1 !ti ° A . a s t o tti illuerated with Twenty-fins Coloured Plates en (ho t , or g iW Physiolegy, and Diseasee of the Unary and Iton*°d"-/A shodui A ometions, explaining' their various structures, uses, an ,„ mt , A nd eh* the injuries that are produced in them, by wilted' (..."”„ i ff Nervosa exc4sses. With Practical Observatiatui on the Treatin. h e" r diogflkt Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, an d ° " --e the Urethra. '''I,IING SURGEON. By SAMUEL LeVMERT, J-4 9, Bedford-street, Bedford-!quare, IL of .n b d ag °n finatiffer Matriculated Member of the TJniversity Member of the London Hospital lied lca/ Apothecaries' Hall, London, Ste., IC' Alla Iljfitlfidiet kl CONTENTS OF TON flag e *f i b CHAPTER 1. and 0 bligations, and on Infelicitous stn" , Y f the uPlera On the Philosophy er a tarper u s np , CHAPTER 2. On the Anatomy and PhY ,ign- o f the that Om. Organs, their functions, structures, and seeretw their healthy &die roduetife Mental and Physical Power are dependant 111)0 a n__ . .. eve , „,„ the —CHAPTER 3. On Solitary Habits; their v rlo maid& Animal Economy; the concealed cause of Debility swteatnine if the Stomach, Lungs, and Brain, Mental Faculties. CHAPTER 4. On the Secret Moore and general ders e_ rod and Maturity, and the Treatment of Nervous and Lo r'er . Mental Debility, and Premature Decay.--CitarTens 0 an OThC4I4 the Disorders arising from indiscruninate ExceSS, Gleet, Strictures, and other Diseases of the Urethra. REVIEWS oP welt s. ally 4 1011 ' "The author of this singular and talented Work is a leg __ fled medical man, who has evidently had considerable experienc; the tr.- xtment of the various disorders arising front the Ifdlid 4 , frailties of early Indiscretion. The engravings afe An itiVelitstble j dition, by demonstrating the consequence! of exeesssil, *hitt In act as a salutary warning to youth and maturity. and by ff many questions may be satisfactorily replied te, that admit f Ad er" peal, evea to the most confidential friend."—Era. Published by the Author, and may be had at his reSidtfless; from Kent and Richard.;, 52, Paternoster-row; Hannay and Co.,ev Oxford-street Starie, Tichborne-street, Quadrant; Gordon, _, J 149 Leadebhall-street, London; Newton, 16, Church-street , Liven"' and by all Booksellers. At Home for Consultation daily, from Nine till Two, And ire nn Five till Eight ; and all letters immediately replied te, if contailllMl the fee of 11., for advice, Ste.-9 BEDFORD-STREET BEDr oita BOTTA RE. iONDO'd IRISH BULLS.—" Why do you write in so l' or f , 0 large a hand?" inquired a friend. " Arrah, date, ay . , ain't it to my p or ;mother I ' m writin g , and, she IV no ' I f,„ vary deaf that I'm writing her a loud letther." that a thin fallow?" said an Englishman to a Pada . ll '°l do think I never saw in allEnhg l:n: a thin." " Oa!" said PadJy, * ti "Do you call him thin?" Why know a ma g n with ckirinan 70 " land that's as thin as two av him. ON PROPOSED CONFERENCE OF MINIsTEIts SUFFERINGS AND PRIVATIONS OF THIS PS ( P PLE L , - i - iT t rot UNITED KINGDosI.—In consequence of the Mg. th e amount of distress and famine existingie 11 United Kingdom, but more especially In Ir el" li Highlands and Islands of Scotland, a teeetinig swi'L be convened at Exeter-hall, consisting °f c erfOnZitities ministers of all denominations whose all part: el to render them more intimately ' acquaie fi te ra°fe:li f b° li t. e l 7 '3lessl: gencies of the people than any other clas s ° to the jesty's subjects, for the purpose of consulting as to fir most desirable course to be pursued to reit i ,g atc ., ; t wee ° [Dense amount of privation and su ff ering ea" l ;:-,opall' ing throughout the country with a rapidity tr°`l,.,i-lbeir ing. Among the ministers who have tenderr"toble zealous co - operation, may be numbered the °ll , ° ifono and Rev. I3aptist Noel, Rev. S. G. Garrard. 4A gefi and Rev. S. G. Osborne, Rev. Weldon ChamPliel-rs'Leif" Francis Dollinan, Rev. F. A. Cox, D.D., Rev. u• range' child, D.D., Rev. J. W. Weeks, Rev. Ro bert - }, P 0 ' Rev. Edward Scobell, Rev. Henry H. B ea t;. R. 11. Her,chell, D.D., Rev. Septimus Sidney Turner, Rev. Reed, and Rev. J. 13. " ^ " t -. 0 for clergy are eartn.stly requested in advertisetnentsferoce, ward their names and assent to the p r oposed c o ° 0 the as soon as possible, to the honorary secrefarielted bf miseries of the people are being; greatly agg r o • the inclemency of the season.—Leeds Mercurgi t ,,%. o .l. 011 , [ADVERTISEMENT.]—A CURE OF ABA °f gior ac• ANKLE BY HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND letter from N ssau, New Providence dated -ding "ro Professor Holloway-Sir, It gives, me much lei 1- my testimony to the many who have be d Pills and Ointment. For a long timeenlctrueffefe. w i th °•`" ankle, which at last got so bad as to spread all 00. the until applied a great many remedies, but I never found any Dolf n i te used yours, which soundly healed it In a short peri° d _,.,' elli e ta - t% well as ever. (Signed) "J. F. ATTENBUEIIO S • Way gtablle Sold by all druggists, and at Professor Holloway , - 224. Strand London. ',TOP [ADTERTISEMENT.]—SENT INTO THE COUNTB.Z.or UPON APPROBATION.-NO. 39, Albemarle-street, Picoadilli•-•"'sg.c! invented Spectacles, Telescopes, Op er a Glasses, Mieroseq°l44,. Patronized by Generals Sir Edward Paget, Sir Evan LlOYa, ger Keatings, Maiston, Frederick Goodfellow, Clayton a m . r° f l r3ll l,l 2ir rison, Dyot Robertson, Mackenzie, Galway, B m iggj o . i .:6 - c i i - r'ale r y e*" Walker, Fox, Price, Lindsay, and Thackray ; Elphinstone, Sir John Rose, Sir James Cockburn, Achmty, r„,• 1 00 10 D. Macleod, Hamilton, Turner, Weymss, and Cock ; Liout.-"Mnalb Sir Henry Bouverie, Sir J. Macdonall. Sir R. Barton, Sir T. I,; ( irii , and Sir Wm. Eustance; Admirals Lord John Hay, Sir G. C° c „,,,i Sir George Munday, Sir George Martin, Sir Ja H WhitS" ice; MO H . _,d D. Gold, Ross, Alexander, Curzons, Tompkinson Hollis' .."„ th ale , " Vise-Admiral Sir F. Austen; Rear-Admirals Brown and .D.. 7 Ape_; Scc. Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians, hays ineen,pler,• Uccle Lenses upon a new construction. Immediately before imperfect vision, that mist and dullness which aPP: - A the eyes is at once removed, every object becomes clear ei` AD rillia".,.." so that the most aged imperfect sight becomes bright IS% and is brought to its youthful natural and origina l ,tj e • es 3 w-i Achromatic Telescopes, Opera Glasses, Microscopes, kinds of Acoustic Instruments for relief of the most es are n ot w mess. Caution-Messrs. S. and B. Solonions, any way connected with a person of the same name i° °bet ~- diate neighbourhood. To prevent mistakes, be cautioul• 7; 06 it0 '- Only to be had at 39, Albemarle-street, FiccadillY• °r York Hotel. • ----------- BIRTII3 On the 26th inst., Mrs. George . Ilensman, °f 131 addl 040 of a daughter. 11 New. On the 26th inst., at Cambridge-place, Cambervre,u'aghter road, the lady of Lawrence de Neumann , Esq. , o f a MARRIED. A T. Attire On the 24th inst., at St. Michael's Stockwell, ." 1 . ff, gale, Esq., of Park-road, Stockwell, Julia, Nelthorpe, Esq., of North Brixton. ,-, On the 26th inst., at St Giles's, Camberwell, ChrinliPciejs Liddell, Esq. of Basinghall-street, to Elizabeth, (laughter of Benjamin Smith, Esq., Old Kent-road• daughter o --.=.------- DIED. Sr te II 11 6 t On the 16th of July, in New South Wales , Murray —1 son of Sir Thomas Mitchell. garril" On the 18th inst., Mary, relict of the la te James Esq., of Goddington-farm, Chelsfield, Kent, ag 0 I, 8 ; 000 On the 21st inst., at Canterbury, Georgian B '''''''." of Major Randolph, 57th Regiment. On the 21st inst., at South-bank, inc eS Morel, spinster, aged 83. DO of Thavies Inn , •-- On the 23d inst., Mr. George Ber e, born-hill. Regent's-park, Fr ..y.at' On the 23d inst., Walton Turner , Es q ., of St. Vol Elms, Ipswich . ks hirs , On the 24th inst., at Elmdon Rectory, Warwic _ _,. 00 Anna Maria Sydney, the wife of the Venerable Arehdea' Spooner, aged 64. ~ WO' On the 24th inst., at the Court Lodge, Laillberhars., Liam Alexander Moreland, Esq., aged 80' , sow c hild On the 25th inst., at Bayswater, Leonard, the inl , of William Harrison, Esq. nuD gefiC On the 25th inst., at Leamington, Al3llBlASiil, Y daughter of the late General Leveson Gower. the Wife On the 25th inst.. in Cha t h - are Anne , t-- :se lir Ft, ,, :. ~,. ~ , _ rer ouse squ , • ' , , ! ~: Ir, theii„ 1 ,:- ~ ~4,,. 11. Tinnol,sori, fp' isniiiul-Y6C n tn 11 +I. , ~, b . • , 114, ~.. ) ...-------- id ~,,,, 91,. l'rti,,, d•ild kuu,,,,,,,,,, to AI LED.) i OO ffi 4 4.4.,_°' 1:01 0 j, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Oce, N 0.112, stran d, in t e m . ' V , Of the thIVOY , in the County of hilddiesexs O— ogther 2% 11146.