The Sun. — London, England, 1846-08-17 00:00:00

P 1 44.1 by , ' 1 :1( u g lEr '4:111 tt i. 43 5/ 4 ' 4 -t4ei SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock. RAILWAY COMMITTEES. (THIS DAY.) SOUSE OF LORDS. MANCHESTER AND SOUT - lIAMPTON. The Committee to whom this Bill had been referred, con sisting of Lord Monteagle (Chairma,a), Lord Foley, Lord Churchill, and Lord Sondes, met, tbfes morning, at 11 o'clock, in Room A. Mr. Sergeant Wrangham, with whom were Mr. Gurney, Mr. James, Mr., James, Mr. - Wheeler, and Mr. Cripps, ap peared for the promoters of the Bill; Mr. Talbot, M. Rick ards, and Sir. Thomas Phillippa for the Great Western, We . South Wee ,tern, and the landowners. Mr. Sergeant WRANGIIAM proceeded to open the ewe on the part of the promoters. He said the line would be 88 miles i n length, and that it would cost, in round *nnenbers, 1,0001J001., and was intended to afford direct rallevsey corn muni.cation from Manchester in the north to S( int'aampton in the south. He could start from Southampton. at a point on the quay which offered great few ilities for loading and unloading, and would take nearly a.•direct course north, passing through Andover, Marlboroeegn, Swindon, Cirencester, and even to Cheltenham, where, s e t a place called Swindon, it would form a junction with t).ze, Gloucester and Birmingham, and pass on to the north of, the existin g li nes. The cost per mile would be between 17 , 0 4',/. and 18,0001., and they had no engineering, difficulties to, contend with except at the Cotteswold Hills, which woutd. have to bei tunnelled ; but the difficulties at, this point were only of the ordinary character. The who'ee district se,nth of Swindon, which was traversed by the lint, was, at the 'present moment, lamentably deficient of rreilway communication, and, in fact, a great portion or the counties of Hampshire, Wittshire and Inirsetshire, rAust also be cons i dered as being shut out from that railwrey communication which other districts now pos sessed. 'Persons in the north, who carried on an extensive trade wrath every portion of the empire, had had 'their opera twns crippled, and their means of extending their com mere:4ll transactions cut away from them, owing to the want of 'direct railway communication with this district. It was true a portion of the district had water corzenunication Afforded to it by the Andover canal, from iAndover to the sea, which had lingered for years, and " iinge•etigly lived," affording no great accommodation to the distriee, and certainly with no great profit to those who had erW'earked their pro perty in the undertaking. They intendeA to use this canal by an agreement with its proprietors ',or the purpose of this railway which would obviate Uwe, necessity of interfering with residential or other peeler ,ty along the line, and also save the promoters conside.ral-.,je expense. The line would reduce the price of coals to 'lnc whole district traversed, and convey to the north for ',manufacture clay from Poole, and sand from the Isle of ight till transmitted into glass, in addition to large ( I P- entities of goods for exportation. By the existing railevey communication the distance from Chel tenham to SVenlon was forty-four miles, which the Manchester r nd Southampton would re d uce to t wenty-n i ne miles, eiy,ting a saving of fifteen miles. The distance was not. I le only objectio n , f or even if t h e recommendation of Parffanient was carried nut, there would still be a break of gauge at Cheltenham. To show the necessity of such a rail wtver, he might state that the Great Western had in the pre er-nt session proposed a line from Oxford to Cheltenham 'which had been unsuccessful. But they had not abandoned their intention of ultimately obtaining the sanction of Par liament to the line. So great was the objection to that route that many persons preferred using coaches and their own private vehicles in order to get to Swindon and Ciren cester. A great portion of the district was agricultural, in which there were a number of sheep fairs; but the case of the Peterborough line, which ran through an agricultural district, and yielded an ample revenue, set the question at rest, that agricultural districts could sup port railways. Great quantities of cattle and sheep were sent to the north, which would go by the line if it were made. They were, now driven as far as Gloucester, and there placed on the reedway. Salt would be brought from Droitwich for agricultural purposes. The only means of obtaining goods by ree:twayfrom the north was by the London and Birnaing hane, then by cart to Nine Elms, and by the South-Western Or.. to Southampton, involving a circuit of ninety miles. The `Great Western had obtained permission to make a line from Oxford to Rugby, but that route would be fifteen miles longer than the Manchester and Touthampton, besides a break of gauge at Rugby, but if an intermediate gauge was laid down then there would be a break of gauge either at Oxford or Basingstoke. Another line, from Birmingham to the north of Banbury, passed this sessions, reduced the distance from 19 to 14 miles. After referring to the local distribution of the shares of the Company, to the importance of Southamp ton as the southern outlet to southern Europe, and, in fact, to the whole world, to the expression of feeling in favour of the line by the inhabitants of the towns it was to traverse— (a petition from Manchester in favour of it having been signed by persons representing one-fourth of the entire as seusment of the town)—he concluded by calling on the Com enittee to pass the preamble of the Bill. He then objected to the appearance of the Great Western, on the ground that the line only passed under that line; that they only interfered with a small strip of land, and not with the works or property of the Great Western. They held a statutory title to the land, but then they had obtained it for the purpose of a railway, arid that gave them no authority to come there in the guize of landowners to delay the investigation, and to put them to unnecessary expense. Mr. TALBOT replied, and held that the Great Western had an undoubted right to appear in opposition. Mr. Sergeant WRANGHAM was heard in reply, and the room was cleared. On the re-admission of parties, The CHAIRMAN said, the Committee had considered the point raised, and hail come unanimously to the opinion that the Great Western Company should be heard on the point, but only so far as their interests might be affected by the crossing of the proposed line below the Great Western at Swindon, and with respect to any damage likely to result from such crossing. The chairman added, that this would not touch upon the right of other landowners to appear there against the project. Witnesses were then called. Mr. W. C. Somers, an extensive ironmonger at Millbrook, immediately adjacent to Southampton, detailed the advan tages which the line would confer on him individually, in extending his trade and preventing delay in the transmission of the goods he used and sold. Mr. Edwards, collector of the port of Southampton, was examined at great length and cross-examined. His evidence generally went to show that the salvation of Southampton depended on the construction of the line, that it would be 14 t(, miles shorter than any authorised route, would obviate the necessary breaks of gauge in other lines, and would, in short, create a considerable traffic. Goods landed at South ampton might be warehoused in Manchester within 24 hours. The imports would be materially increased from all parts of the world. The existing route to the north, as compared with the Manchester and Southampton was as 282 to 212, thus effecting a saving of 70 miles. The CHAIRMAN said, he imagined it would not be con tended on the other side that this line would not increase the traffic. What they contended was, that the advantages it proposed to afford could be obtained by other hues running north and south. There could be no question that a direct communication with the north would be advantageous. Mr. TALBOT had no hesitation in admitting that a direct line to Manchester was required ; but then the question arose whether there was traffic enough to justify the construction of a new line, eighty-eight miles in length. Mr. JAMES said if that was the ground of his Learned Friend's opposition, the promoters would be compelled to enter into detail as to the traffic. The witness havinggiven further evidence in favour of the sine, Mr. Sturge, corn merchant of Gloucester, Mr. George, general merchant Romsey, and Mr. S. Payne, dealer in earthenware and glass at Southampton, who all gave evidence in favour of the line. The last witness said he had some goods forwarded from Staffordshire on the 27th of October, which reached Bristol on the 21st of November, but they did not reach Southampton until the 27th of November following. He paid 7001. per annum now for carriage, half of which he considered he should save by the proposed line.—Adjourned till to-morrow. PILBROW'S ATMOSPHERIC RAIL WAY AND CANAL PROPULSION COMPANY. —(THIS DAY.) An adjourned general meeting of the proprietors in this Company took place this day, at the London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving a report of a Committee, appointed at. a former meeting.—J. Jones, Esq., in the chair. The state of the affairs in this Company id most unsatisfactory. It appeared from a report, which they refuse to publish at the present time, that the officials of the Company have been guilty of frauds in issuing an immense number of shares without baying been so authorised to do by the directors. A Mr. Collins, a former secretary of the Company, is charged 'with having sold between eight and nine thousand shares for 'his own immediate benefit, he never having placed the sum received in lieu of the shares to the credit of the Ccmpany. It appeared also that a cheque for 5004 was given to a Captain Britten fo r " r i gg i ng " the market. The directors raid themselves ten guineas a day for their attendance, which money they have since returned. The directors allege that the frauds have arisen in consequence of their misplaced confidence In their officials. Shares have been issued without the names of the holders being filled up ; and it is asserted that they were offered for sale at any price the pur chaser might fix upon at Mr. Lamond's, the sharebroker. The Earl of Besbor oug h aw l t h e Earl of sex being among the directors, have offered 1,0001. each to assist the share holders. The report was adopted, and the meeting was adjou rne d to this day three weeks for the purpose of a comniunication -being opened between the directors and the shareholders, with the view to a final and amicable adjustment of the affairs of the Company. It appears that the Company was not registered, as it should have been under the Joint Stock Act ; and that even all the shares recognised by the directors were issued and paid up upon before the registration took place. The affairs of the Company present one mass of inextricable confusion. THE LATE DESTRUCTIVE HAIL STORIL—MEETING THIS DAY. A public meet' Bishvgate-street, for' mg was held to-day, at the London Tavern, the purpose of devising the best means to alleviate the distress, preserve from utter ruin, th e flo rists and nurserymen who suffered so severely from the violence of the lat e storm. and His Royal Higiiness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE took the chair, and said tphpatlateioappeared htat id before the mee ti ng i n consequence of an application been made t o hi m from some gentlemen connect e d with Horticultural So ciety to assist in relieving the g a rdeners and n urser y men of the metropolis and th e severely visited by the late stornis.whl have been so ; all the gentlemen whom he h ad the n believed that the h onour self for those 'aidfess all felt the same sympathy with experiencing hiw the unfortunate individuals who were now greatest calamity, which was induced, not from gence on their own parts, but a visitation ofProvidenLenegli which, of course, they could have no control.—(Hear, l'iel7;* lie believed there was no more deserving or hard_ working class in the community than those whom they bad assembled to assist. He could bear testimony to `what :he asserted from personal observation in his own neighbourhood. Those resident in the neighbourhood of Stockwell,: Clapham, and Brixton, were the chief suf ferera,:and it appeared from the report of the South London Horticultural Society that the losses sustained by by those engaged in horticultural trade there amounted to no less a sum than 18,0001. He had the satisfaction to state that the room in which they were then assembled had been given them gratis for the present occasion, and an offer had been made by the proprietors of the Commercial Hall of the use of their establishment, either for a floricultural show or for any other purpose calculated to promote the object of the ptesent meeting.—(Hear, hear. ) 'A subscription had also been commenced, and Dr. Laydeen, 1 i dly-Tv-44w ; woo ,u g able to attend, had forwarded 10/. 10s. Mr. IrarClaj , , a LOmbard-street, had also sent them 51.55., and r''l" - he only rope .. d that they might have the satisfaction of •A . / . ~.., / being able, is a considerable degree, to =eller* the • _ . 4. icil•- . . --5.. , I .3 - 7 - - - ::=-1.. . , ~,, '-••••-t- - • - - - • • .. . distresses of those poor person P.—(Hear, hear, and cheering.) Mr. J. ALLNUT stated that, 3,000 squares of glass had been broken in his conservatory, and proposed the following reso lution :—" That the severe losses which the nurserymen, florists, and gardeners in Me neighbourhood of the metropolis have sustained, in conseepence of the dreadful hailstorm on the Ist day of August i•sstant, call for our warmest sympathy, and demand all our ef r aorts to alleviate the distress occasioned thereby." Mr. lurk r. said lie would not detain the meeting, but second the resolutian, in which he fully concurred. The resolution, was then put from the chair and carried unanimously. Mr. Cools„ Of the firm of Truman and Cook, proposed the next resolution —" That a public subscription be now com menced., and a fund raised for the relief of the sufferers." Mr. STALDON seconded the resolution, which was passed uno:dimously. Mr. JAMES COOK, of Manning-lane, was appointed Trea surer, and Messrs. Barclay and Company, Coutts and Com pany, Cocks and Biddulph, Jones, Lloydd, and Company, ' Young and Son, to receive subscriptions. Several subscriptions were then awarded, among which were twenty guineas from the Duke of Cambridge; ten guineas from the Lord Mayor; Barclay and Co., five guineas. A committee was then appointed to carry out the objects of the meeting, and a vote of thanks having been passed to the Chairman, the meeting separated. TATTERSALL'S-TiHfS EVENING. EBOR HANDICAP. 4 to 1 agst Bourton 10 to 1 agst Druid: 9 to 2 agst Laura—taken ST. LEGER. 11 to 2 agst Pyrrhus the First 11 to 2 agst Sir Talton Sykes 10 to 1 agst Grimston 10 to 1 agst lago 10 to 1 agst Traverser 12 to 1 agst Fancy Boy 10 to 1 agst Brocardo—taken 13 to 1 agst Sting 30 to 1 agst Poynton 30 to 1 agct Mount Callan YOSKSIIIRE STAKES. 2 to 1 on the field SIX O'CLOCK. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. (THIS DAY.) HOUSE OF COMMONS. APPOINTMENT OF MR. THOMAS GORDON. Lord GEORGE BENTINCR (in continuation from our Afternoon Edition) said—lt was a disgrace to the magistrates of Lancashire to have such a man on the same roll as themselves. He wished, therefore, to know from the Noble Lord at the head of the Government whe ther this Mr. Gorton, of Lancashire, was the gentleman who had, a few years ago, been convicted of having de frauded the Excise. Lord J. RUSSELL said that he believed the Noble Lord had correctly stated that Mr. Gordon, who had recently been placed upon the roll of Lancashire magistrates by the Chancellor of the Duchy was the person who had been convicted, in 1831, of a fraud on the Excise. But Lord Campbell, the present Chancellor of Lancaster, finding that such a person had been ap pointed to the commission of the peace, had a corre spondence on the subject, which he (Lord J. Russell) had not yet seen, but of which that Noble Lord had communicated to him the result. Lord Campbell stated that Mr. Gordon had been placed upon the commission of the peace without any solici tation of his own ; and he (Lord Campbell), therefore, thought that it would not be right to inflict upon him the stigma of removing him immediately from the commis sion of the peace, because it might then seem to him that he had been nominated to the magistracy merely for the purpose of disgracing him. It was, therefore, suggested to Mr. Gordon that he should not attempt to qualify himself as a magistrate. lie (Lord John Russell) had not, as he had already stated, seen the correspondence; but when he had seen it he would make a further statement to the House as to what was intended to be done on this subject. Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET detailed the cir cumstancesconnectedwith the appointment of Mr. Gordon to the magisterial bench. An error had certainly been committed in the selection of Mr. Gordon, but he could assure the House that that selection was not prompted by an impure motive. A deputation of gentlemen originally waited upon him before the selection, representing that, in consequence of deaths, failures, &c., the magistrates of Lancashire had become inadequate in point of number to the perform ance of their duties; they presented a list of such gentle men as they considered fit to be appointed to the magistracy, and amongst those was the nam e o f Mr. Gordon. Nov, it had always been his cus t om , whilst Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster, to inquire into the character of such as he nominated to the magis tracy, but, owing to an accident, he had not been able, in this instance to institute an inquiry into the cir cumstanees and character of M. Gordon. It had been represented to him that Mr. Gordon bad for many years occupied a very high and re spectable position in the neighbourhood in which he resided. In consequence, however, of a communication from one of the Honourable Members for Manchester, he made full inquiries into the character of Mr. Gordon, and the re sult was a series of communications between himself, Mr. Gordon, and other individuals. To ascer tain the truth of the charge as to the alleged fraud on the Excise, he (Lord G. Somerset) wrote to the Excise officers, and was fully informed of the suit that had been commenced against Mr. Gordon a few years ago, for having forged a Government stamp and defrauded the Excise. The inquiry into the charges against Mr. Gordon were in progress when he (Lord Granville Somerset) tendered to her Majesty his seals of office, and he considered that the Noble Lord (Lord Campbell), who had succeeded him in office, would act on this subject in a manner that would be satisfactory to all parties. That was the explanation which he had to make. He could assure them that it had been re presented to him that Mr. Gordon. was a gentleman of the highest respectability, and he (Lord Granville Somerset) did not in this matter consider himself to have been guilty of anything more than an error, of which any person might in similar circumstances have been guilty. The House having resolved itself into Committee on the Public Works (Ireland) Bill, DISTRESS IN IRELAND. Lord JOHN RUSSELL rose, and said that he took that opportunity of calling the attention of the House to the present state of distress in Ireland, and in doing so he should consider it his duty to refer to what had been done at the end of last year, and during the spring of' this year by the former Government on the subject of the failure of the patoto crop, and whatever sorrow he might feel in having to bring the sub ject of the present state of the potato crop in Ire land before the House, yet he should endeavour in doing po to avoid any discussion which might give rise to any party division or excite any controversy on the subject. The Committee would recollect that towards the end of thelast year considerable alarm was felt with regard to the state of the potato crop in Ireland and some parts of Scotland. He thought that it was unnecessary to state that that arose from the unforeseen failure, to a very great degree—and to a greater degree than on usual occasions of failure in the harvest of a country or ap prehended scarcity. And he would state three circum stances which he thought were calculated to inspire the Government and the public at large with very considerable apprehension upon that subject. And one of those circumstances was, that potatoes being ono of the chief and the lowest kind of food, the failure in the crop of potatoes, which was the chief article of nourishment of the great mass of the people, there was no kind of food of a cheaper or lower description to which the population could have resorted for support. Such was the distinction between a country, the popula tion of which chiefly fed upon potatoes, and other countries, the population of which chiefly fed upon wheat, a higher description of food. Another circumstance which was to be ob served was, that the disease in the potatoes was to a great degree unknown; none could tell to what extent it had been carried, or how great the loss of the crop would eventually turn out to be If the crop were wheat or barley, failures would be seen in some six weeks or two months before harvest time, ' and a calculation could be made by which one might ascertain what was the amount of the deficiency in the quantity of the crop, and how much of that description of food might be required from other countries for the supply of the people. The third cir cumstance which he would mention was one which was connected with the others which he had stated, and that was, that a great proportion of the people of Ireland were in a state verging upon desti tution—in a state of very great poverty and suffering. That had been ascertained an d stated repeatedly in statistics and documentlswhichhadbeen laid before Parliament. The report of the Commissioners inquiry—the report of the L an d them that o n Commission, oor -overlwa which o u f n the presided—theLo th r o d e D eo e s v o o s— n alltold re portthe greater a t t h e the Commission proportion people of Ireland lived in a state of extreme poverty ; re ceive wages which enabled them to fact, payhe that, in they for r id nut th n efood which they required. They recei ve d se wagesofa very low only during a portion of the year, and th ose amount, and during a considerable portion of the year they were fed upon potatoes of a very inferior kind. Those reports informed them that, in the first place, there was a great number of what were called con. acre farmers, who rented a plot of land conjointly with others ; above them was another class, who, although they were ca ll e d a hi g h er c l ass of farmers, were yet very little above those he had just named. There was also another and a lower class, who were maintained by the funds brought forward for the relief of the country. These three circumstances were calcu lated to induce the Government of this country to look with very considerable alarm at the prospect before them. Ile was not adverting then to any other measures which the Government thought it necessary to take. They took measures which, in his opinion, were directly applicable to these evils. The first measure they took, as he found by a minute cr letter of the Treasury of the 9th of December, was to order a quantity of Indian corn to be procured by the house of liaring and n the ports of this country, or f rom f oreign countries. Co.,'With respect to this measure, it was to be observed that it was very wisely, and likewise, he might say, with very great good fortune contrived that this for a long time kept a secret both here and in Ireland. The arrival of that supply was not known at the time when it came. No expectations were held out, and therefore none were raised by its arrival, and it had much less injurious ef re it mightts in hale athuarbindgmetheurt Oar trade of the countrythan had been expected. Another measure to which the Go vernment had recourse was to grant donations in aid of subscriptions. There were subscriptions collected in Ireland to a very large amount, and many of them from some of the very poor amongst the farmers. These subscriptions thus received amounted to the sum of 100,0001. Another measure which the Government took at the commencement of this session was, to pro pose that there should be public works prosecuted by certain powers, and the authorities of the Irish county sessions should be empowered to make such works, pro vided that one•half of the expense of such works which - might be advanced was to be repaid, and that the other half should be defrayed by grants from the Treasury. Another measure, which was proposed and carried in this House, was, that by a general presentment for the purpo ses o f th ese p u bl ic works should all be repaid within the usual time. Now the amount, the general amount in money of all these measures, was stated in a book which had been presented to that House, and which was called " A Correspondence relative to the Measures of Relief of the Distress occa sioned by the Failure of the Potato Crop in Ireland." The first item in the book was for the purchase of Indian corn and oatmeal, of which the expense amounted to 185,4321.; the second was for sums issued in donations in aid, and was 67,9111.; the third was for works autho rised to be executed under'the Act 9th Victoria, chap. 1, for the relief of distress in Ireland, and was to the extent of 452,7271.; the fourth item was a sum authorised to bo advanced under the 9th Vic , and which amounted to 133,5361. The sth, 6th, and 7th items were smaller sums, which were empowered to be applied in cases of great err ergratsy. These, with the amount taken by the Board of Works, altogether amounted to 852,4811., and the amount to be repaid of that was 494,8511. The sum which had been granted and expended without the ex pectation or intention of repayment was 3 . 57,630/. With regard to the evils which this large expense was intended to prevent, and with regard to the fund itself, there was a great deal of in formation which any Member of that House might find by reading the voluminous correspondence which had just been presented to the House. With regard to the evils in the country, it would be found, as might have been expected from what he bad already said, that the amount of the evil was d fferently calculate 1 at different times, and in fact had not been as yet completely ascertained. In the first accounts they could find it was stated that if they took the four provinces of Ireland the deterioration of the potato crop was about one-fourth. It was afterwards said by Colonel M Gregor that it was estimated at about one-eighth, and it was subsequently stated by other authorities that it amounted to one-half of the whole crop. These sort of matters it was, of course, difficult to ascertain, but what he thought they might well believe, and which was already ascer tained from the reports, was, that there was a very great failure in the potato crop, and it was extremely destruc tive to the crop in 1845. The disease was not one pecu liar to Ireland or Scotland last year—it was a disease known in various parts of the continent of Europe and elsewhere, and in various parts of America. He had before him the first statements made in 1845 by direction of the colonists of the United States, and also other statements made in answer to the orders of the authorities here, from which it appeared to be a disease known for some years in America ; it was called the " rust." It first appeared in 1835, and in consequence of it a considerable portion of the potato crop was lost ; and in 1845 it became of a more virulent and destructive nature than was ever known before. Thus far it was ascertained that with respect to the measures which were then taken, and of which he had been speaking, their effect in Ireland had been exceedingly beneficial. They were confirmed in that belief from the various ac counts of the effect produced by the different mea sures to which he had alluded, and which showed that places where the people were entirely deprived of food and employment, employment and food were afforded, and in other places where the people were almost driven to desperation, and in a state prepared for an outbreak—where there was danger to the tran quillity of the country, and a feeling of discontent—that feeling was changed into one of satisfaction and pleasure. Ono of the letters to which he had alluded, was a letter from Mr. Russell with regard to the state of the county of Clare ; he stated that with regard to that county there were a greater number of persons employed than any other county in Ireland—that the operations of the Board of Works, considering the materials on which they had to operate, were progressing 'satisfactorily, and that not a single case of starvation had occurredin the county; and, in fact, that the people were never so well provided for as they were this season. There were very few cases of fever—fewer, in fact, than had been known for many years. That in formation was obtained from the Roman Catholic clergy men. The next letter was an abstract return of the number of persons employed by the Board of Works, and that number amounted to no less than 102,135. With regard to that which he had first mentioned—the measures of Government for providing Indian corn—that measure seemed to have affored very considerable relief. But it was to be observed that these measures of Go vernment, providing additional food, were doubly bene ficial in their effects. The ewe would have been very serious in Ireland had not these measures been taken ; and there had been food provided which could be sold at a very reasonable rate. It had been sold in various places, as the papers would show, at 101. per ton, and by retail at a, penny per pound. One pound of this Indian corn was sufficient food for a strong labouring man for a day. So that Id, per day would provide enough sustenance for a day. With respect to th e don a ti ons , th ey did bring out a very large amount of subscriptions. He alluded to those made by all classes of persons in Ire land to be applied to the relief of the distress. Of course, he would not enter on the invidious question of whether there were individuals who ought to have contributed who had not done so ; but he must say, that from the accounts which had been received he found that every person who was able bad contributed to these subscriptions. With regard to persons of large property, who undertook works for the employment of the people, and which they managed out of their own resources, and of which, of course, no account had been received, or could be given to the public, al though they materially contributed to the relief of the people—with regard to these works, and the sums ad vanced in cases of great emergency, there had been, as he had just shown, the greatest relief afforded by them but it was impossible for any Government or Legis lature endeavouring to meet these alarming cases of distress, taking for the period of the year from December t o the coming in of the harvest in August, and the employment of the people on that harvest—it was impossible to preserve them, as they had been preserved, from any deficiency of food afford to them due employment and preserve the peace of the country— and at the same time afford that satisfaction which must be afforded from the knowledge that the Government of the Legislature of the United Kingdom had been so far from indifferent to their sufferings, that it had been eager to supply their necessities—it was impossible to produce these great results without some very serious concomitant evils.—(llear, hear.) In the first place, with respect to the supply of Indian corn in the emergency which he had alluded to, and in the cases which they had before them, it was prudent, and it also was best suited to that emergency ; but if it were to be considered as establishing a principle for the Government of this country to apply the resources of the Treasury for the purchase of food in foreign countries, and that food were afterwards to be sold by retail at a low rate, it was evident that all trade would be disturbed, and those supplies which should be naturally a portion of the commerce of this country, would be applied for the relief of the people of Ireland. —(Cheers.) Likewise that portion of the local trade in Ireland which referred to the supply of districts would be injured, and the Government would find itself charged with that duty most impossible to perform adequately, to supply with food a whole people; so likewise with regard to public works, for which ad vances and grants were made. Although they were in themseves beneficial, yet their eff ec t s were i n a certain degr ee injurious, for those people who were employed in ordinary works, and received abundant pay, went to these public works in preference to the others, and thus the ordinary operations of industry were disturbed.--(Hear, hear, from Lord G. Bentinck.) In a letter from Col. Jones, in page 333, he says—" That from a partial inspection of some works in the progress of construction, it was found that they had been put a stop to, and that some of the great public works for the Shannon drainage were without workmen, and that those men obtaining is. 6d. per day at these private works preferred 9d. on public works. In many instances, a number of persons were sent to those works who ought not to have been sent at all, by gentlemen distributing tickets without proper inquiry, and the consequence was, that those who httherto had been accustomed to come to England and Scotland to assist in taking in the harvest, found that work in Ire land for them at their very doors, sufficient to provide t fact ac g t ea i in in. letter p Ladylto the t m e o S eynmMt Governmentor . consequencesn givendsT had re y for their maintenance. They ab an d one d all idea of the harvest in England and Scotland, an d t h e harvest operations in the north o f E ng l an d su ff ered materially, in consequence of this, and a great d ea l o f the food of the country was lost f rom th ere not b e i ng sufficient ° thi n s e were b ll inevitabledaily works.. The ofromn accounts the largeth e whichemploymentinjurious ceiving from the sou th o f Ireland, and various other counties, all concur in re p resent i ng the disease as far more fearful than in the precedi ng year . The accounts e on i i ia public remarked thisuponwa s contained in the newspapers from various co rrespondents are also of the same alarming nature. It had, there fore, become the duty of the Government to consider in what manner they should propose to Parliament to make provision for some employment to the labouring classes of Ireland, and at the same time leaving, as he trusted Parliament would leave, such a discretion in the hands of the Government, as any emergency might render necessary in their opinion, and giving an account of those measures to Parliament at a future time. It had appeared to the Government that while there should be public works, and those public works should be undertaken under due control, that they should not defray the cost of those works from any Parliamentary grant, but that they should be defrayed from a loan to be repaid by the counties. He would, therefore, propose to introduce a Bill by which the Lord-Lieutenant should have power upon representation made to him to summon a barony session, of a county session, for works of relief. When this session should be assembled they would be empowered and required to order such public works as might be necessary for theenaployment of the people and for relief : the choice of those works to be lett to them, and the execution of the works to be superintended by the officers of the Board of Works. The choice of the works will not, however, be left so ent i rely to them, as that the approbation of the Government shall not first be requi site and necessary before such works can be com menced. It was proposed in the Bill that advances should be made from the Treasury for the purposes of such work when so approved, and those ad vances were to be repaid in ten years, and should be at an interest of not less than three. and a-half per cent. With reference to the mode of repay ment of these advances, the levy will not be made ac cording to the valuation of the county sessions, but ac cording to the poor rates' assessment ; and by that means the burden would not fall so heavily on the poorer classes.—(Cheers.) In very poor districts, however, this system would not be practicable, and he proposed that a grant of 50,000/. should be taken. for the purpose of giving employment in such districts, the works to be undertaken by the Government ; but hose works must be works which are of public utility, and this grantwould not be applicable to any district except such as were not able to undertake the expense of such works. This was not an unusual mode ; there was a case men tioned in the papers which lay upon the table of the House of a precisely similar nature, and in which a larger amount was given by Government than was usual on occasions of public works. The Act of I Victoria, sec. 21, contained similar provisions. He also proposed that commissariat officers should be stationed in various parts of Ireland corresponding with the Chief Commissariat officer in Dublin, and informing him from time to time as to the state and supply of food in various parts of the country, and generally with reference to the distress of the country. With reference to the supply of food, the Government did not propose to interfere with the re gular trade by which Indian corn and other grain food could be brought into that country. He proposed to leave the trade as much, at liberty as possible. He believed that the markets would be best supplied without the interference of Government. There might be particular cases in which, as in 1836 or in 1839, a a' pp) , of fi.0.1 was necesary to be introduced by the Go vernment ; and circumstrnces might also a: ise from the inaccessible nature of the country in which it would not be possible for the merchants to introduce that article. In such places commissariat officers will be appointed to furnish the supplies of food. He did not propose to interfere either with the wholesale or retail trade.—(Cheers.) With reference to the relidf commit mittee the Government would take care to avoid those errors into which the late Government had fallen into, and guided by the experience they had received, he hoped to be able to meet effectively the serious distress of the country, and he hoped to avoid those evils which had arisen from members of the relief committee giving tickets to persons who did not require such relief. The officers to be employed would be the com missariat officers, and any others whom it might be found necessary to employ would be also paid by the Government. In stating this, he was bound to state that the correspondence which bad been laid upon the table of the House, and everything which he had heard from private sources, showed that there never was a work undertaken with more zeal and intelligence tban the re lief of the distress of the people of that country last year. All the persons employed by the Government, whether you spoke of Sir E. Bryan, the chief officer of the com missariat, or Colonel Jones and the officers of the Board of Works, or the local persons employed, or, generally speaking, the members of the relief com mittee, all evinced the utmost desire to give all their attention to the relief of the existing distress, and also to endeavour, as much as possible, to afford every light to Government, by which this relief might be carried on in an efficient manner. Having said this, he should propose to the Committee, first, to vote a sum of money to defray the expenses lately incurred—to direct further advances from the Exchequer—and, lastly, to vote a grant of 50,000/. for the promotion of public works in Ireland, in those poorer districts to Which he had alluded. He considered that the present was a special case, calling for prompt attention, he considered that of a great proportion of the people of Ireland to whom po tatoes had been almost the only food, that the poverty of millions in that country and the last obscurity and dreadful ravages of this disease in an article which has been for some time almost their only food. lie did, therefore, think it incumbent upon the Government and upon the Parliament to take extraordinary measures for the relief of that distress, and he trusted that there would be at least one counterbalancing advantage attend ing this distress—that it would show the poorest among the people of Ireland that the Government of this country were not insensible to the claims which they had upon us as the Parliament of the United King dom—(Cheers)—and show that the whole credit and means of the people of this country should be used, as it was their bounden duty to use them, and as they would be used where they can to avert famine, and to maintain the people of that country, and., lastly, to take advantage of this state of unfortunate dis ease to establish public works which might hereafter be of permanent utility to the country; he hoped, therefore, that some counterbalancing advantages might arise among those many misfortunes which must attend this state of things. He need not detain the Committee any longer. He could assure the Committee and the House that he considered that his predecessors in office had shown a laudable anxiety to meet those evils. The remedies which they applied were remedies suited to the occasion ' and he would endeavour to imitat e th e sp i r i t in which they acted, and take advantage of the expe rience which they had gained, and also endeavour to correct those errors which were certain to attend so unusual a state of things. He should, therefore, conclude by moving that a grant of 175,000/. should be voted for the payment of Exchequer-bills, and also that a further sum of 50,0001. should be voted to defray the expense of public works in the poor districts of Ireland. In answer to a question put by Mr. HUME, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that it was not the intention of the Government to import any food into the country ; and read two letters which he had received from merchants upon the subject, in which it was hoped the Government would not interfere with the operations of commerce, and that the supply of Ire land might now be safely left to the merchants, and that if it were so, they would be able to sell India corn at the rate of ld. per pound. Mr. D. BROWNE thought that the speech of the Noble Lord at the head of the Government was calcu• lated to inspire a feeling of confidence in the Govern ment. He had received a number of letters from the county which he had the honour to represent (Mayo) con taining the most fearful details of the presentcondition and the future prospects of the people of that country. The speech of the Noble Lord was ominous of much - good to the country, and he hoped that the people would infer that the intentions of the present Government were to advocate a system of generous policy for that coun try. The late Government had deserved great credit for the course they had taken last year when the distress was so great in the country. He trusted that the attention of the Government would be called to the necessity of doing something to put an end to the people of Ireland devoting themselves solely to agricultural pursuits, and that some inducements would be held out to them to consider manufactures. He thought the law of landlord and tenant in that country ought to be altered, and other improvements made, or a repeal of the union granted. Mr. wuzams thought that the distresses of the people of Ireland should not be relieved by taxation on the people of England, but of the landlords of Ireland. He considered that a well-digested system of po or -l aws in that country would be productive of great benefit. Mr. LABOUCHERE defended the proposal of the Noble Lord at the head of the Government, and stated that that proposal required the landlords of Ireland to ! bear the burdens of that country; but, in order that they might do so effectually, the Government offered them the assistance stated by his Noble Friend at the head of the Government. The state of Ireland at present was so extraordinary, that it required extraordinary measures to meet them. He believed that the course pursued by the late Government, in sending meal to Ireland, was, under the circumstances, a most wise one. The Corn Bill was not then passed, and the trade in corn was not then free. The case was different now, and he believed it would be most unwise on the part of the Government now to make themselves mer chants, and in that character supply the people with meal. It was impossible to see what was going on in Ireland now, and not come to the conclusion that it would be impolitic on the part of the Government to interfere with either the pro vision or the labour-market of a country. He trusted that by rendering it the interest as well as the duty of the landed proprietors of Ireland to employ the poor of that country they should have provided an effec • rive and wholesome remedy for the anticipated distress. Lord LINCOLN complained of the manner in which the Right Hon. Gentleman wile had just addressed the House had alluded to the measures of the late Govern ment. Had they or the officers employed under them been guilty of such a dereliction of duty as that alleged by the Right Hon. Gentleman they would have deserved the condemnation rather than the praise of the Noble Lord who had introduced this subject to the House.— (Hear.) But he was happy to say the charge was ground less, and he believed the conduct and policy ofSir R. Ralph was opposed by everybody on both sides of the House. The Right Hon. Gentleman had stated that the grossest abuses had existed in the administration of the affairs of the Board of Works, but he could give the assertion the most unqualified denial.—(Hear, hear.) 11 0 by no peens denied that abuses did exist, because it was im possible to prevent them, but they had not existed to one-fifth part of the extent alleged by the Rignt Hon. Gentleman. The Right Han. Gentleman had said the effect of the measures of the late Government was to demoralize the habits of the labouring population of Ireland. Well, if they had, all that he could say was, that the present Government was most unwisely follow ing the footsteps of the predecessors in office. He was glad, however, to see that no English Member had yet risen to object to what the Noble Lord had pro prosed.—(Hear, hear.) Not even the most rigorous economist of the public purse, the Hon. Member for Coventry, had objected to it, and he was glad of it, be cause it would go over to the sister country that no matter what Government might be in power, the poor of that country would be as much cared for as the poor of England.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) Under the operation of the provisions adopted by the late Government a most 'beneficial trade had been created in Indian meal ; a trade which was now likely to be permanent. But though this trade had been created and fostered by the late Government, he did not • think that the present Government should continue to be traders in the sense the former one had been; and he fully agreed with the course that was now proposed to be taken. Under the circumstances, so satisfied was he with what the Noble Lord had stated, that he (Lord Lincoln) would not ask him any questions as to the details of the course ho intended to pursue, but would rest satisfied with the exalanations he had given in his speech. He must, however, before sitting down, bear his testimony to what the Noble Lord had stated re specting the praiseworthy manner in which the officers employed under the Government bad carried cut their arduous and difficult duties. No body of men could have acted in a more becoming m anner, and hoped they would be conti nue d i n any future effort to be made to meet the exigencies of the people of Ireland. Mr. LABOUCHERE explained that in the observa tions he bad made, he did not fora mement intend to i impugn or underrate the policy and measures adopted by the late Government, but he only rose to point out the danger and difficulties that surrounded the fol lowing out of such a policy beyond meeting the urgent necessities of the case under which they then acted. Mr. HENLEY said that after the statement of the Right Hon. Gentleman the Chief Secretary for Ireland it was impossible to infer whether the measure now pro posedwas to bo temporary or not. America had already for four years suffered from a failure in the potato crop, and the potato disease there had not yet disappeared. In Ireland the people had already suffered two years from the potato disease; there was no probability of that disease being yet extinguished ; and he was afraid that in future years further relief would have to be sought on behalf of the people of that country by the British Government. This proposal would show the Irish people that the Government and people were more favourably disposed to them than they got credit for. He hoped that more permanent measures would be taken in the ensuing session for the relief of the Irish people. Sir D. NORREYS wished that the Legielature of this country would in future sessions bring forward such measures for the permanent relief of Ireland as .would remove from the people of that country the necessity of coming to the British Legislature in the character of supplicants.—(Hear, hear.) Ireland had mines of the most extensive and valuable description—it had rivers peculiarly adapted for commerce—and yet, in cerise quence of the Legislature not looking to the subject of the improvement of Ireland in a proper light, all those natural resources of wealth and comfort were allowed to lie waste and useless.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. HUME said he was pleased to hear that the land lords of Ireland were prepared to provide fur the neces sities of the people of that country as far as possible, by the encouragement of public works.—(Hear, - hear.) The measures of relief hitherto granted to Ireland by the Government had most signally failed in their object. The Irish people were as willing as Englishmen . or Scotchmen to work, and he therefore would ask whence came the poverty of Ireland? It owed its origin to the misrule of that country.—(Hear, hear.) As long as England in flicted poverty ou Ireland by their misgovernment and oppression, they had a right to pay for their tyranny and oppression. The Government was bound to assist the country gentlemen of Ireland in giving employment to the people. Let the present grand jury system, as well as all other pernicious civil institutions, be at once abolished, and then there would be hope for the people of Ireland. It would then arrive at the peaceable, happy, and contented condition of England and Scotland. Let every law that was fit and applicable to England be extended to Ireland, and then they would hear very little of " distress in Ireland."—(Hear, hear.) Mr. M. MILNES said tbat all elemosynary grants of this kind established very bad and corrupting principles. He perfectly concurred with the Hon. Member for Mon trose, that it was at once the duty of the English Legis lature to place Ireland on a footing similar to England and Scotland in respect of its laws. He believed that if the landlords of Ireland were assisted by the Legislature, in improving their estates, they would be conferring in eaculable good upon the people of that country. The people of England were undoubtedly willing to make great sacrifices for the relief of their Irish brethren ; but they must, nevertheless, tell the landlords of Ireland, that it was their duty to conduct themselves, towards their dependents, in the same manner as did the country gentlemen of England. The landlords of Ireland must retrench their luxuries, and devote themselves to the improvement of their country. Sir C. FERGUSON said he considered, that they should make the electoral divisions of unions responsible for the sums recommended to be laid out in them. He thought this the only means of regulating the expendi ture of the money in a way to be apvantageous to the people. It would not be well to entrust its expenditure to the Poor-law Unions, on account of the difficulty of electing Guardians. The Board of Works of Ireland had shown themselves utterly incompetent to properly manage the works entrusted to them. He imagined they had done their best, and as a proof of this he must quote this passage from tneir report:—" Many works were com menced without necessity," and again that the sums they had paid for labour were inconsistent with the amount of labour which they had received in return.—(Hear.) He thought it was most unfair to make statements against the landed proprietors of Ireland, without giving proper data in support of them. The Noble Lord (Lord Lincoln) had made use of two anony mous statements which he thought most unfair, unless those statements could be fully substantiated. Mr. B. ESCOTT had no doubt that the intentions both of the present and the late Government were for the future prosperity of Ireland, and the only question for the House to consider was, the manner in which those intentions were proposed to be carried out.—(Hear.) Now, were there not ordinary means for carrying them without having recourse to especial enactments ? which was unprecedented in the political history of the country.—(Hear, hear.) Did the Noble Lord ever hear, or could he point out an instance in the history of this or any other country, where restrictions were placed on the importation of provision in a time of famine or scarcity ?—(Loud cries of "bear, hear.") He said this was a very serious matter. Suppose the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn were put into power, why, the first course he would take would be to rein state the old law on the importation of corn. 'There were still heavy duties on beans, peas, and rye—all important elements in food. Surely, he said, the Noble Lord at the head of the Government would not continue these duties at a time like the present—a time of starvation. Sup pose a hundred persons should die of starvation during the recess, what, he asked, would the House, what would the public, say of the Noble Lord and the Go vernment ? They would immediately ask why they had not retuooed those duties from the statute book. The distress was not confined to Ire land. He had had a communication that morning : he would not trouble the House with it, but the potatoe crop, according to that letter, had failed in various quarters. What, then, would be said if the people of England were pressed to the verge of starvation it not to starvation entirely ? The late Secretary for Ireland when he moved to introduce Indian meal into Ireland was in these circumstances, and it was prohibited altogether ; and the Honourable Member for Wolverhampton the other n'ght was in the same absurdity as the Right Hon. Baronet pointed out before, when he remarked that Indian meal was at the same duty as barley ,• but that being removed peas were in the same absurdity. He hoped the Noble Lord would not continue that state of things, especially during a time of starvation. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said it was with the greatest satisfaction that he had heard the speech of the Hon. Gentleman opposite, and particularly that of the Hon. Member for Mallow. It was satisfactory to the Government to hear that it was the intention of the Irish landlords to co-operate heartily with the Go vernment in the promotion of public works in Ireland. The present Government were much indebted to the wisdom of the late Government, for the present mea sure. The late Government had had the experience of eight or ten months in providing for the distress in Ire land, and it would be absurd to say that in the course of that time, they did not propound measures of great improvement, which must naturally have suggested themselves to those officers whom the Government had appointed to make a full inquiry into the condition of Ireland, and if there were any excellence in the present measure it was owing in a great degree to the praiseworthy exertions and wisdom of the late Government. He could not agree with the Honourable Member be hind him that the measures of the late Government for the relief of Ireland, had turned out to be failures.— (Heyr, hear.) By the evidence in the blue book which then lay on the table of the House, it was t a a many a n: e • a parts ro a n o d f n the o t proved that had it not been for those v er y measures the people of Ireland would have been measures subjected to the greatest distress.—(Hear, h ear .) li ci a n d s t i u r d r y c n s o th t o e f e t x h existence hesitatesten Government, of to say sayt hhe people was owing to only was the existence but the peace of those people to be attributed to the same praiseworthy exertions.— (Hear, hear.) And with regard to the food which bad been introduced into that country by the Government, he believed it had caused a new state of things in that country, If Honourable Gentlemen read the public papers, they would find that, in consequence of the Indian corn that was continuously being poured into the countrp, the country had received an incalculable amount of good. Indian corn was cheaper and' more nutritious food than potatoes; it was much cheaper than oats, and he confessed that he was sanguine in the ex pectation that the substitution of Indian corn for potatoes would produce a complete revolution in the social con dition of the people of Ireland.—(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Gentleman, also, was heard very indistinctly during the whole course of his address. He proceeded to say, that ho should be extremely sorry if he antici pated that the measures of the late Government, and the measures proposed by the present Government were intended to be permanently :established in Ireland. - Those measures, in a great measure, arose of the failure of the potatoe crop, and the conse quent distress of the people. THE state of things was temporary, and had been and must therefore be met by temporary measures. The Hon. Baronet opposite (Sir R. Ferguson) complained of the way in which the Board of Works was managed. The operations of that Board in Ireland were in the course of last year greatly increased, and without any lengthy notice, and were taken for the purpose of relieving the people of Ireland &cm the pressure of distress, caused by the failure of the potato crop, to ensure the supply of food, and next the employment of the people, by putting into their pockets the wages of their labour. In this way the people of England had paid half the ex pense of these works. They were not, in all cases, works absolutely necessary at the time they were undertaken, but adopted as a commendable mode of relieving the people by employing them and by paying them in that way for their labour; and there was a distinct order issued by the Treasury, that the proposed works to be ardof ee Works,eessity un dertaken were not to be commenced without th e ex istence of distress, and not to be car r i e d b e yond that period. The works were, as h e h a d said, undertaken hastily, when, in m an y cases i t was utterly impossible to know their exact extent. : or cost, He trusted that they might pr o fi t b y t h e ex should arise. They were carried on und er t h e superin ionb tea a di t nbe t yd h they were under p ropel the a similar oß w t p e e h n ri i d c e e h n n w e e a t o s h f e oya ice guarantee that superintendence. After a few words from Mr. M. GORE, The vote was then agreed to. The other votes were then agreed to without obse TVA tfon, and the House resumed. The report was ordered to be brought up to-morrow. (LEFT SITTING.) HOUSE OF LORDS. The Earl of SHAFTESBURY took his seat on the Wool sack at rive Q'clqck. Messengers from the Commons brought up several Bills, praying their Lordships' concurrence. L( rd FAVERSHAM presented a petition from the West Riding of Yorkshire, praying for the repeal of the Poor law Amendment Act. LUNATIC ASYLUMS BILL. On the motion of the Marquis of CLANRICARDE, this Bill was read a first time. MAYNOOTH. Lord REDESDALE, in pursuance of the notice which he had given the other day, wish respect to this College, he felt bound to make a few observations respecting it, and on the report of the visitors. He would remind their Lordships of the arguments made use of for the additional grant to that institution. That grant was not very popular with a large portion of the people, and one of the reasons by which their objections were was, that all the reasons for the improvement of the re sidents there were backed by the assertion, that instead of an insufficient visitation, there would be a complete inquiry into the whole of the proceedings of the esta blishment, that he was sorry to say that the report of the last visitation was most meagre and unsatis factory, and very contradictory in itself, This report stated, that on the visitors calling for the presence of the minutes, that 19 superiors and professors, 522 students, one professor absent on leave, and 11 students absent from sickness, but he found from the books of the College that there were only 512 students on the books instead of 522, and only eight on the sick list instead often, as stated in the report. Now with respect to the professors, there was a grant of 6,0001. additional, but only 4,5004 had been used, allowing a very sufficient margin for any contingency, yet nothing whatever was said of the absent professor, who or what he was. Then with regard to the students, it ap pears that. there were 262 iu the first class, and 241 in the second. With respect to the first class, there was an allowance of 201., of which nothing whatever was said. The same was the case with regard to the Dun boyne students. It was also stated, that the number of these students had been increased from fourteen to twenty. Why, the number of this class was ahvays twenty, and was so stated its the Act of Parliament. Then, with regard to accommodation, it appeared that that there 552, with a room each to themselves. There were twenty-nine apartments where there were three in a room, twenty-nine where there four, and one where there were six. And, considering the early age at which these students are admitted—sixteen or seven. teen years of age—it did not seem to be so objection able to put several into a room as it would have been if they were older. It appeared, also, that 200 of the free students had been taken off from their own expenses. Iu fact, the whole of the report was meagre in the ex treme. The visitors appear to have passed through the rooms, and that was all, but as for any care for an improvement in the state of education that was a matter entirely overlooked, and unless some measures were taken for acting up to the principle for which the grant had been made the country would to very dissatis fied with the grant which they had authorised. He did not think a six hours visitation was sufficient for such an institution as the present. Toe Marquis of LANSDOWNE said, that in the absence of the two Noble Lords who were appointed as visitors to the institution, he could not pretend to reconcile the discrepancies pointed out by the Noble Lord. He thought that it was very probable that the alteration of the Government of Ireland and of the visitors would be called more closely to the subject, in consequence of the observations of the Noble Lord. He was happy to see, by a statement in the re port—which his Noble Friend had overlooked—that a great improvement had taken place in the course of edu cation, and that a more liberal system of education had taken the place of the former one. Lord STRANGFOItD pointed out some further dis crepancies in the report. After a few words from the Marquis of LANSDOWNE and Lord REDESDALE, the subject dropped. SHANNON NAVIGATION BILL. The Marquis of CLANRICARDE said that he did net think it desirable to proceed further with this Bill during the present session. The Bill was accordingly withdrawn. The Bishop of OXFORD presented a petition from the magistrates of Oxford, complaining of the establish ment of beer shops, of refuges to the worst of characters. AUSTRALIAN LAND BILL. The Australian Land Bill then went through Com mittee and the report was brought up. THE SUGAR DUTIES. _ The Court of Common Pleas Bill, the Militia Pay Bill, and the Assessed Taxes and the Sugar Duties Bills, were then read a third time and passed. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE laid on the table certain papers and returns connected :with the distress lately existing in Ireland. Their Lordships then adjourned. NEW GEOLOGICAL THEORY RE SPECTING BASALTIC COLUMNS. Within the last two years, Captain Morton has written and published, in the Jamaica Times, several essays, with the view of proving that in the magnifi cent columns of the Giant's Causeway, and those of Staffa, we behold the splendid relics of the stupendous bamboos of a far distant age ! I In support of this novel hypothesis, he alludes to the fact of the sepa rate joints, both in bamboos and basaltic columns, being articulated with semispherical tenons, and cor responding sockets or mortises ; the tenon or the mortise being, in both productions, sometimes in are upper and sometimes in the lower end of the joint as particularly remarkable in the columns of the Giant's Causeway. In reference to the established theory of basaltic columns being crystalised from tor rents of molten lava, he shows that it is opposed to the general laws of cry talisation ; and remarks upon the utter impossibility of the separate joints, blocks, or crys tals, of which the columns are composed, selecting (if thus formed) their fellow-joints of similar diameter, with corresponding sockets or mortises, and arranging themselves so closely and exactly one above another, till stupendous columns were raised many hundred feet in height, the length of the joints, and diameter of contigu ous columns, exhibiting all the relative variety of dimen sions which marks a field of sugar-canes or a forest of bamboos. Some of the basaltic columns of the Giant's Causeway consist of distinct groups bending towards one another at the tops, so as to resemble gigantic pillars and arches of Gothic architecture, which appearance, Captain Morton observes, is one of the beautiful charac teristics of the graceful bamboo. He also shows that bamboos, even in the present day, secrete silex or flint, the chief component part of Basaltic Columns; and that the well-known material called veges table ivory, now substituted for animal ivory in many articles of ordinary use, is the production of an existing order of palm trees. Instead of admitting that volcanoes are the generators of Basaltic Columns, he regards them as the destroyers of these vegetable productions of a far anterior period and thus accounts for the fact of volcanoes being some times found in the neighbourhood of Basaltic Columns, and the similarity in chemical composition between lava and basalt. To show that there is nothing more preposte rous in the supposition that trees should have been con verted into stone columns, than that these columns should have been vomited forth by volcanoes, he alludes to the fact of there being now in the Texas a forest of stony trees ; and to the hard and ponderous nature of many of the massive timbers of the day (containing earths and metals), as also to the fact of their having, like the flinty shell of the cocoa nut, and the stones of our fruit, been secreted from a fluid sap, while the bones of the most gigantic animals, and the ivory tusks of the ele phant, &c., were once equally fluid, being, in like man ner, eliminated from the blood derived from vegetable food There is not, says Captain Morton, such disparity in size between the most colossal of the columns of the Giant's Causeway, and the bamboos of the present day, as between the monstrous antedeluvian lizard, the igua nodon, and our diminutive reptiles of similar tribes. The iguanodon was many thousand times a , big as our lizards ; but bamboos merely five or six times as lofty as some of the present day, would suffice to give us a mountain range equal in height to the most lofty and precipitous basaltic mountain in Scotland. Where the lowest coal bed is now found, there, the above-mentioned writer remarks, the surface of the earth most assuredly once was; that however deep, in what ever stratum, the remains of antediluvian animals are embedded, there too, though no longer evincing a vege table structure, must be the remains of the luxuriant reeds, ferns, and grasses on which they fed, of the mon strous trees forming the primitive forests they inhabited. In the Isle of Arran we find coal overlying Basalt, in one place, and Basalt reposing upon coal in another. In Mount Meissner, in Hess, Basalt is found based upon a substratum of fosssil wood, one hundred feet deep! and this mountain towers over an area of forty miles of surrounding country; the inference is obvious. It is universally admitted that coal and wood were once vegetable productions growing upon the surface of the earth ; consequently the superior strata must, generally speaking, consist of the debris of subsequent animal iand vegetable kingdoms, the chemical laboratories _ x employed w g the and_ adding them in solid strata to our expanding globe. Hence the ex cess of the equatorial over the polar diameter, from the great luxuriance of the anim al and vegetable _kingdoms within the tropics, and c onse q uent accumulations of matter around the equatorial regions : while the remains of the elephant and the palm tree, the crocodile and the bamboo, are still found at the polar surface, where, count less ages past, they perished, the diminished temperature permitting no subsequent vegetation of sufficient luxuri ance to cover their remains with succeeding strata. The Isle of Staff s s t an d s f orward as an instructive. monument of the prominent part the vegetable kingdom has performed i n t h e structure of our globe, in those re mote ages wh en S cot i a, through the greater' obliquity of the ecliptic, glowed beneath the verdure of a tropical sun ! The s t r iki ng characteristics of the bamboo too strongly manifested in its numerous small pillars, ‘..‘ bending and di verg i ng in all directions, " to admit of further mistake. The mystery which has so long hung over these, and the magnificent columns of the Giant's Causeway must, according to Captain Morton, be thus for ever dispelled. The voices:lie theory of their origin, though supported " by all living geologists," must yield to the simple principles of nature ' which not only ren ders basalt ic co l umns, b ut many otb er apparently mys terious phenomena, susceptible of ea sy solution. Those persons may possibly be thunderstru ck at the announce ment, that trees have been converted into stone columns, who, in accordance with high authori ties, have been ac customed to believe them to have been vomited forth by volcanoes ; but the fact, that. the hardest and most brilliant of the mineral proe.uctions of the earth, the diamond, consists of carbon, the chief component part of the vegetable kingdom, of wood, coal, and charcoal, is certainly no_less extrema *dinarY• POOLE, AEG. 15.—Acrd. the Rainbow, Argt 0, Patagonia. Sail e d, _ Linton, Brown, Quebec. ._„ 41 00a a RAILWAY SHARE MARKETN". MANCHESTER, Anousr 15. STOCK EXCHANGE.-Tho sales are-Ambergate, t \e _ a 5-16 c. dis. , -Bostou, Stamford, and Birmingham , ) 4 dis.-E.4re..4 Counties, York Extension, 1% p. - East Lancash i r e, 84 P• • R on ws Grimsby and Sheffield, 1% c. dis.-Huddersfield-Huddersfield and Mazulles te b e way and Canal, 1% p.- Leeds and Thirsk, 3% dis.-Lee ds, Liver bury, and Manchester, 514-Leicester and Bedford, 34 L -- „.„ au- - pool, Ormskirk, and Preston, a% p.-Liverpool, PrOA'"?„ h ot, cheater, and Southport, 17s. c. dis.-Manchester and " ,don Quarter Shares (B), 10% P.-Ditto, ditto (C), 9% p.--. t l ; East - York, % dis.-Manchester and Southampton, 7-16 dis.-N 4 * tte., ern, 1% dis.-North Staffordshire, 3% p.--Oldham, Blrkenl3 l id A nd 1 dis.-Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction, % dis.-Stiell4l die.-- . Manchester, Quarters, No. I, 4 p.-Shropshire Union. t 3 South-Eastern and Dover, No. 1, 6)4 p.-West Riding ihaione LEEDS, Aunt:Tyr 15. - t of STOCK EXCIIANGE.-The purchases of stock in the early Pa► ing the account, made under strong.apprehensions of continued advaro• en prices, were very considerable, and most of that having been s on the market for re-sale, prices receded for the account. This been observable in all the markets. In Leeds the settlement is pa 9 .fr ing over satisfactorily, and prices are improving again with a pro bability of steadiness, and a more healthy trade. Our London or -7 respondent writes, that "when the stock which has been bough t 015 speculation has been cleared off, we may expect some farther Ira: chese provement ;" and the same feeling exists in Liverpool and 3lan ter, though not quite so strongly in the former as in the latter pla!„_ The over-speculation having so speedily proved its own corrct"f: ought to prevent speculators dealing too largely, and no doub t Cu r time w:.11 have that effect. London and Birminghares are reco veo ;l w e stc aci, from the L 'ffect of their chairman's speech, and the Great meeting i tav :_eg passed off very satisfactorily, those shares lia.T e rre r, Easterli Counties are steady, Lancaster and Cnclisl es ds, as also are BrightOes, Dovers, Manchester and Leeds, MO ,lidianeelub In Midlands the fah has been excessive within the last fa ti t they having declined sin,:e the meeting, to the extent of abia pounds per share ; surely b . . eY have seen their worst for the I. are In local stocks, Huddersfield bed Manchesters, and Dewsbury " e re in most demand ; East Lancash:rett, and Ormskirks, are consid , safe for purchase at quotations. In foreign shares the variations 0 4,.. • trifling, and the business passing limited I.n extent. It is but solo'', a comparative small number of capitalists that other than Eng d shares meet with much attention. The sales are-Blackburn Freston, 9 p. -Eastern Counties, York Extension, 395. p.-East La., cashire, 914 p.-Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 1 dis. -Ditto, Exteto, sions, 12s. 6d. dis.-Huddersfield and Manchester, 2% p. - D an d it Extensions, 10s. p.-Hudderstield and Sheffield, S p.-Leed o Bradford, 43 c. p.--Leedsp.-Leedsiofd, and Dewsbury, 5 p.-Ditto. Extensio,,, Is. p.-Leeds and Tldrsk, dis.--Ditto, New, 3-Manchester ;7 Leeds, Extensions, 21. 188. p..-North British, Carlisle Branc l4 s. p.-York and North IVlldlasO, East and West Riding, 11% t to, Ambergate, Nottingham, and 13,Ston, 155.-dis.-Clitheroe Jui, ' Y. 16s. dis.-Grand Union, 13s. 6d. di:, -Lancashire and North shire, 10s. dis.-Lancashire, and North-Eastern, ,/, dis.- Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland. I7s• dis.-Leicester and Pp, ford, 10s. dis.-Liverpool, Ormskirk, a nd Preston, 3% 1 0 . --1411 • and York, 6s. 6d. dis.-Milton and Drifttsld Junction, 9s. 6d. Manchester, Buxton, 3/snook, and Midlan 21s. s. p.-North fordshirc, 314 p.-North Western, 7s. p.-01 - ford , Witnoy , and Oa teuham, 18s. dis. -South Midland, 15s. p.-WC %eh Midlands, 33, *. -- 0 , dis.--West /tiding Union,; Si. 23.-Yorkshire ~•nd Glasgow 1 . 501 1% dis. SHEFFIELD, AUGUST 15, Grimsby Sna STOCK EXCIIANGE.-The sales are-Midland, 14/ Sheffield, Extension, I la. dis.-Ditto, Quarter Sh.ireS*, -Huddersfield and Sheffield, 8% p.-Boston, Newa.'k. and % dis.-Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 17s. dis.-31,%n chester,,s vjd field, and Midland Junction, 21. 195. dis.-NorthWestern',.. 7 s.;l' - and Lincolnshire, Is. dis.-South Yorkshire Coal Railw.V "" dig. . HULL. AUGUST 15. _VON STOCK EXCKANGE.—The sales are— North British, 3'9, Carlisle, 4/. 3s. 6d.—lllackturn, Darwe,n, and Bolton, B—l ni vortlb colnshire, 15s.—Leeds and Dewsbury, 235,—Leicester and Tax . est ors, 345. 6cl.—Manchester, Buxton, and .111atloCk, 235. p.—North rp oolt Ss. 6d.—North Staffordshire, 3% Grand Union, 155.--El va Onnskirk, and Preston, 3% p.—South Midlands, 14 s. P. YUKK, AUGUST 15. STOCK EXCHANGE.---The sales are —Ambergee, Notting' 110 77,1 so. '2 Boston, 2—Eastern Counties, York Extension, , 3 4 O r T a r„tion r. i d (Nottingham and Lynn), % —lpswich and Bury 9 . . 1 4 York, 21. 4s. 6d.—Newcastle and Darlington, New, '';" 3,25 , " tish, Carlisle Extension, 31. 19s. 6d.—North Western, I*-- West Riding I.llliOA, 5. NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, Anousx 15. STOCK EXCIIINGE.—The sales are—Great North of Eng - ,:, Shares, 35% p.—Liverpool, Manchester, azd Newcastle Ja l 7, 6s. dis.—London and York, 6e . dis.—Manchester, Buxton, an d • lock, 20s. 9d. p.—Newcastle and Berwick (North Shields), 10: EDINBURGH, AUGUST 14- LLIPIIS V. ~- Ab e STocx EXCHANGE.-The sales are-Aberdeen, 8/. 176, 6d.- - Ay deers Banff, and Elgin, 1/.-Airdrie and Bathgate, 3/. 158 ,: h .- 60 0 breath and Forfar, 281.-Ditto, Half Shares, 181. 105.-Arma-b - Portrush, 145.-Ayr and Galloway, 11. 95.-Banffshire, 160'4, lB' and County Down, 12s. 6d.-British and Irish Union, 2 1 0 8r 6d.-Caledonian, 161.-Ditto, New, 11. Bs.--Caledonian' Exl e i s i ortr 1/. 135.-Caledonian and Dumbarton, 1/. 25,-Caledonian and moli ern Direct, 2/. 25.-Clydesdale Junction, 231.- Cornwall an , Central, I/. Ils.-Deeside Railway, 2/. 105.-Direct Nort h , T i nia' 13s. 6c1.-Dublin and Enniskillen, 31. 155.-Dundee And 37/.--Ditio, New, 211. 58.-Dundee and Ferth, 24/. 29 . 611- ,c; Indian Railway, 15s. 6d.-East of Fif e , 11. 3 5 .-Edi n tsitrgh „ gate, 2/. 18s.--Edinburgh and Glaigow, 74/. 10s.- i i. ttoi Shares, 18/. 2s. 6d.- Ditto, Quarters, 181. 175. 6d.- Ditto, New, 181. 105.-Edinburgh, Leith, and Grantor, 17/. 158 %, „sel' Preference, 211. 10s.-Edinburch aid Northern. 9/. 9s.- j a pe, port, 155.-Edinburgh and Perth, 21. lbs.-Forth and rt. v ",, t , St' Lion, 1/. 16s.- Glasgow and Ayrshire, 75/.-Ditto, New Sb. 17s. 6d.-Ditto, Quarter Shares, 181.. 10s.--Glasgow and ''.olo- - Union, 2/. 75.-Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, I/. 17s. 6c 1 ;;;;,. 111 , gow and Dundee Junction, 11. 125.-Glasgow wad Garnkirk, -Glasgow General Terminus, 8/. 10s-Glasgow and- Greeno o t see 10s.-Ditto, New Stock, Si. 155.-Ditto, Preferent,e, 1/. . 4t i rt - h 3/ ` 'P ; gow, Kilmarnock, and Ardrossan, I/. 145.-Glasgow, coal ta and Lesmahagow, 2/. 195.-Granton Junction, 105.- Gr a3 " oo ss n a Down, 1/. 155.-Great North of Scotland, 10s. 6d.-In r o - gt, Elgin, 11. 25.-Lanark and Lothians, 21. Bs.-Larne, B 6d. Ballymena, Os.-London, Bristol, and South Wale's, 11 - London and York, 2/. 58.-Ditto, Half Shares, 1/. 155. " -4: l°- and Eastern Counties, 155.-Newcastle and Berwick, 2 94 to Cr d : British, 381.-Ditto, Halves, 131. 17s. 6d.-Ditto, El' ensi° s7 98 ; fir lisle, 165.-Ditto, Fifths, 71. 10s.- North Staffordshh -e, ..„" .7- North Wales Mineral, 161. lbs.-Ditto, New, 101.-P° verness, 11. Its. 6d.-Scottish Central, 191.-Ditto, Scottish Central and Caledonian Junction, 1/. Os yet, Junction, 12s.- Scottish Midland, 71.-Scottish Southern , Shrewsbury and Hereford, 95.-Shrewsbury, Oswestrl, acid Si. 55.-South Midland, 21. 15s. 6c1.-Stirling Bs. 3c1.-Stirling and Midland, 2/. 165.-Strathern Ju nctl Wishaw and COltness, 471. 10s. GLASGOW, AUGUST 15. tens ion, 33 ‘i STOCK EXCHANGE. -The sales are -Caledonian ° 6d.-Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Extension , --s ' a nd Fife, 215.-East Indian Railway, 143.-EdinburVb ,ounst 18/. --Glasgow General Terminus, Ayr, lago giuna.rnoc ansego TnverilesS 475. 6d.-Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and and Dunfer.;-, 24, and Ardrossan, 31s. 6d.-Great North of India, la 4.- and Elgin, 225.-Larne, Belfast, and BallYra.vloa Carlisle, i v and Southampton. 31s. 6d.-North British, };,;x`e -Scottish Central, 19 IA -South Midland, 5 . 8 ' 9'.-311-a-nchos.ter,,s. ; 10 4 is , ng rile CONDUCT.—On Thursuaj Ven. about half-past seven, as a Mr. Mitchell, a ger AlernanixtosB committee clerks' office of the House of C oMMO n o s; fa t rowing up to Putney, he saw a b o y about eight years of age fall f ro m th e t ow i ng path in front of Duke's Head public-house, Putney, into tin 3 river, depth of at least 12 feet water. Although. the tide `17, - .. running very strong at the time, Mr. Mitchel,s without n' a dressing himself, instantly pletiged in and succeede d t i e bringing the boy, who 'sunk the second tint e, ab° v _ e g btlf water. When they came up, the boy's arms clasped round Mr. Mitchell's neck, and ;t r squired eiba • himsel f ' be siderable exertion before he could disengag.s . relieving himself from the boy's grasp, Mr. At i tch ° is an expert swimmer, succeeded with great ;, c ase' bringing the boy to the towing path, which wa In vib e ei j quence of the high tide, three or four feet under w• assembled were he was pulled out by a number of persons who had :sfrom hle at the spot. Mr. Mitchell was all but exhausit p rig htse u ii exertions, and his watch very mu c h i n j ure d. Mr. the landlord of the Duke's Head, accommodated 3 1, bly fro 0° with a change of clothes, b u t h e su ff ere d coned - *r, sa ve ,& the effects of his gallant an d success f u l exer ti on s t° „ r oar - life of a fellow creature. The boy's father, a gra, ',;rceerd Putney, of the name o f Ni c h o ll s, on h ear i ng o f tL stance, waited on the preserver of his son's life, ant „ '- , - taer ra him for his invaluable services. This is the second -„ Mitchell has risked his o wn lif e t o save th a t of ' B.n otu er having, about seven months ba c k, save d th e life 0 1, ddie B boy und er somew h a t s i m il ar circumstances, off LA' s Pier, Millbank. FATAL ACCIDENT ON CITIZEN "A" Sillent - - ' e s.- • 0 Pe On Saturday morning between seven and •eigh t . t itb fr o met „ John Davis, mate on board the Citizen death under singular and melancholy circums tanc e l o ptl i t, boat was lying with others belonging to the Si Ive s 13•1 at their moorings off Tarver's (the ship-break erb, hs tersea. Deceased, who was assisting in clearitug t jith, re' was rinsing a mop in the river, when it became ell t he P the chain which is fi xe d t o th e h u ll o f t h e b oa t for it de; servation of life; and in endeavouring to Oise ngf i e Weoi ceased lost his balance and f e ll over b oar d.. 1 4' ° „"f tbst.y. thrown out to the deceased, but none of th e c 3 w'" and,:bt the other boats were courageo u s enoug h t o jura Pin ia tempt to save the deceased, who is said to have b e e : a 6 0 1' 0a nearly five minutes. It was half an ho ur belt I ' B oo, l g boat was procured, and then all efforts to recover five )7 of the body was useless. The deceased was forty of age, and has left a wife and eight child ren . 0 0 °' HORRIBLE ACCIDENT ON CITIZEN " D to t " —On Saturday afternoon, between twelve and a' l fi s t the following dreadful accident, attended with DlO,ii s t„..fr, bo occurred on board the Citizen "D" steam-boat, I f ', for ''.d, vessel was holding on to the Nine Elms Pier, wai aor s stst` to train. Richard Lewis, the engine -driver, had, as tithe i°, unknown to those in command of the vessel, desct bei l o f the larboard paddle-box, for the purpose of oiling a act,.. ings of the wheel; he had done this, and was in t getting out of the paddle-box when the captain 'li,9 tlI order to "go on." The engines were set in motioli j otlP; stoker, and, before the wheels had completed a rev ,n an obstruction to the way of the boat was felt by The board, and several asserted that they heard a sbeiek-.., oleo 3 ° 01 ,3 dreadful fact that the en g i neer was i n the paddle- b3t: flashed upon the crew, and the boat was swl),l 3°- in resel i no Upon looking into the paddle-box a horrible eigiltj itself. There was no sign of the engine driver , any dow er had been instantaneously killed tbere courdnot b s e hed a n otr as the top and sides of the paddle-box were sPlapsa between : with his brains. His body had afterwards dr T: u p to Satin •' floats into the river, from whence it htran° day evening, been recovered. CORRESPONDENTS.--A they sr NEWSPAPER CORBESPONDENTS.-- our . ed a ii.t er i c i n ; a curious class; but we have seldom recei ved munication than the following, which we. print s i io ulo7 t' ige re . literatim :—" Sir,—when I send you anytisipg _ Ott j o uto rint it nearly the same and not o t w o ir elp. as Y ;Such blund er not approved off." — Notting_ 4 r e , speeting the anneversity of the . 71 0. d m fe a ll l.. CYDERk D i rAKERS.—AII is quest Iva:, of s, Esq., coroner far the libe r t y of cen C tl A y u h T e r d N by TO T. labourer, who died ler( en the 011 ; : t i s per i o c Fn h "e had been boiled in & 'brass of cop per Sherborne, drinking cyderit appeared by the evidence of :the rer_ s raioi st Dorset, on furnace. made the cyder, that a quantity of hoos, fi t to ripe lost sugar, ginger, and liquorice, was put into . the " c l - r ed V wtrotastaoistporde,vaensmt atlllieporrtecioipneofbehinra_ddscovegrs adaed owitasaathheina boopiliednioinn that t fu t r h nac 31 _,ie v i: pro,iliewicre:t:!.uTidnuaraepr s'piltuirr and ne e mixture were harmless, but the boiling in a brass e duce the acetate of copper, and ulceration 4. vder as he had found on a post mortem exami , aet i i° l ,; k i n g found, that death had been occasioned ' l ' c : - boiled in a brass furnace for the purpose of nolub."- liewe-bovirTeLls; jry ~~ BIRTHB. On the 9th inst., at Belle Vue for ;ik op L"- wife of the Rev. Nesbett Lodge, of ' a dangh t , Si.• peck' On the 10th inst., at South-street-terrace, Ale -11111- ham, the wife of Charles Rolle, Esq., of a dat igb ter. the W ife On the llth inst., at Prestbury, n ear Chelltst 'b arn ' of G. R. Stevenson, Esq., of a daughter. • n g i On the 12th inst., at Marston Rectory , 'l l- Richard Boyle, of a daughter. On the 13th inst., at the Bury, Chesham,.. - shire, the lady of W. Lowndes, Esq., of a son. de-park, t he On the 13th inst., at Cambridge-square, S S lady of A. Salomons, Esq., of a son. .h e la dy o f • Un the 13th inst., at Maize-hill, Greenwich ,- Kent, Esq., of a son. jj o rnert of On the 14th inst., the wife of the Rev. Jobr daughter. Bac kiag ) a s- MARRIED. cat .S%• On the 19th of May, at Hyderabad, Sinde; e heri tle ' Horwood, 14th Regiment, Bombay N. J. to Jath eldest daughter of Captain C. T. Hall, Maida-hilL DIED. On the 11th inst., at Calais, Gertrude liendrik a, Wife °I George De Mattos, aged 55. On the 12th inst., at Ipswich, Mr. T. Shorten, aged 5 T , 2 4 , 3 ' On the 13th inst., in New Basinghall-street, George '— staff, Esq. • Sma rt ' On the 13th inst., Anne, second dau.,hter of '— Esq., of Hackney, aged 34. On the 14th inst., John Taylor, Esq. , of Str agard. Essex London: Printed and Published by 11f17RD 0 a YOUNO. of "p;,:doc4 Strand, Printer , at The Sun Omen , N 0.112, Strand. in _O 10 of the Savoy, i n the c ou nty of middinaos, XIMSW 17,_1848, TILE SUN, LONtON, MONDAY _EVENING, .AUGUS - T 17, 1816.