The Sun. — London, England, 1823-12-31 00:00:00

AUSTK A ANI) THE PO wr ENN A, DEG. 4. By latest Conventions lAitween our Government and the Ottoman Porte, various advantages have been obtainad'for our commerce. L The visitation of the Austrian ships on their arrival in th:: Dardanelles, is indeed to be continued, a the Ottoman Government, particularly on account of the Greek insurrection, 6.intiot neglect any precaution ; but this visitation is not to be avvoided with any inconvenience or expense. :?. The vessels to visited in the Dardanelles are exempt from any farther examination. 3. The practice of visiting the ships at the ,moment of sailing Out of t* harbour of Constantinople is wholly abolished : it is to take place only when the vessels go from the Dardanelles .into this Black Sea, and then, as above•-mentioned, without in. convenience or expcnce. 4. The custom, which has gradually been introduced for the Captains to pay two hard whenever they change their station, arc himiNheit. 6.. The duty of two or three hard piasters which the ships, after taking in their cargo, had to pay the custum-house °ni cety, &e., 14 also abolished, G. Likewise all duties which, under various pretexts, were. dnriended from the ships from Consuintiouple to the Black 7. Also the duty of eleven Turkish piasters for wind) precedes die delivery of the firmans permitting the train, sit of goods. it These &mans' shall be delivered without delay, and not be withheld for fifteen or twenty or days, as has been done hitherto. la. The practice of putting oflicers ( 7'schavkcia) on board the ul►ipa am so .m SIS they a rrived, who remained ou board till they sailed again, iu totally abolished. SCOTLAND-COURT OF SESSION. siiio BO NOlttikt.'*•-•Oit TilUtiday, IACt wreak, a. young man, who had been under the necessity of pursuing ps4cesa cacao lionorurn, in order to obtain his liberation from 'orison, was granted the benefit which be anticipated, under cir cumstances which rendered the decision ofcansiderable impart :ince to all merchants, and particularly to those of our own city, who arc often too indulgent to young Gentlemen in the way of /tiring there credit. The young man had con ic to a t ten d our U niversity, at the age of 17 years, upon a Very fair allowance front his relations for his education and maintenance.. II is habits, however; were rather extravagant, and in about three years he bad contracted debts to the amount of 350/. or, 4001., of which about 45/. was to a jeweller, and at least four times that amount to different merchant tailors, some of whom had also taken cautionary obligationa from him for the bills of his ju. senile companions. A tier an ineffectual attempt towards a compromiae, the jeweller 'put him in gaol, and lied kept him there slice February last ; end there being still no vigils of re lentinent on the; part of his incarcerators, he way advised to bring a procesS of eerqo hoyurrorn. • %Viten the caw came before the Court, appearance was made for the j4tv,ller and one of leis tailors, who maintained, that, as the purauer had contracted debts to a 111044 t :unwarrantable amount, rend for articles which he ought tab aldo to ewe some account of, he should be reflised the benefit of the emit); and partiaularly until he Filiould say what he had done With the jewcilery. '1 punitier'a Counsel tooted the circumstance em his client's behalf, and argued, that, however gay and imprudent the, pur outer might have been, yet the conduct of the defenders tvas much more blameable, in having given creilit to hitch an amount to a minor student, and for articles too of is description, and to an extent, which they ought to have been aware lip could not require, and .ouglit not to have been indulged with. The articles could not he satisfactorily accounted far, and all the pursuer could now do was to grant a disposition onstrium bonl . rain, in trial he was willing, lithe Court should think proper, to grant a apecial conveyance to a right of succession to some popetty, which, it is probable, would verrii son be his. The .101.11 LT, however, Smolt' nut ItAtilinti this special con. vayance, but unanimously granted thecae: o, at the same time signifying the strongest distipvtOhatior ! to whole conduct at the defeniera. EMIGRATION to VAN DIEM AN'S LAND The following extracts from a letter received by a Merchant,- of Portsmoutli, from a Gentle man at Van Diernen'b Land, contain many tweful hints and much information to persons 14 ha may intend torsettle there, as well as convey to our readers generally an interesting view of that country " - VAN DIEMAN'II LAND, MAY 23, 1823. " The first question that arises in the mind of the Emigrant is—" Shall Igo to Sydney or to Van-Dieman's Land 9" 1 can not enter into all the reasons for preferring the one to the other, but lam decidedly in favour of Van Diernan's Land. Those who come hither are not obliged to remain, they can proceed to Sydney —survey the country, and make their choice accordingly; but, the preference for Van Dieman's Land may be summed up shortly: Ist, In th e su p er i or i t y o f c li mate , more congenial with an English constitution. 2d, Superior fertility of soil. 'neat cannot be grown to advantage near Sydney ; the eon is too poor, and the climate too warm. At present, Sydney is supplied with much Corn front Van Diemen% Land, and there can be little doubt that it will for ever be the granary of New South Wales; 3d, It is the first port at which outward-bound ships touch. dth, The Society of Van Dieman's Land is better than at Sydney,—here the free persons predominate ; at Sydney the convicts.—(llere I must beg you to observe, that by Sydney, I mean not only the town, but the whole inhabited part of the larger island of New South Wales).—The present population of Van Dieman's Land is— Came free, or born in the Colony and their children 2,106 Free by pardon or expiration of . sentence - - 3 5 4 Conditionally Emancipated 486 Total Free - 3,526 Convicts and their Children . - 4,096 Dec. 1822 Total population . - 8,422 " Add to this the free population which will be imported with in the next twelve months. " We will now look at the soil, and regard its fitness for the growth of exportable production ; and you must allow me the liberty of digression, ad in ityinitatn. " It is remarkable that there is no root fit for the sustenance of man, Fruit, Plant, nor alimentary substance worthy of men tion, indigenous to the soil. The natives subsist chiefly on the Kangaroo and opuseum. Their daily food =shut also of rather a large proportion of Ouni,which exudes at all seasons front a slen. tier tree of the Mimosa ord er,comni only calledhlank Wattle. The Gum they roast in the fire and eat it hot, a singular food, in use, I believe, in no other country, excepting Arabia, where the travelling Arabs carry small quantities of gum in crossing; the deserts, on account of its admirable quality of abating hun ger. There is to be found rarely, a small root, larger than radish, sweet, resembling a parsnip, but in quantities so small as not to be counted on as an article of subsistence.—The na tives, in cOnsequeure of the difficulty of obtaining food, and the shyness of the Kangaroo requiring them constantly to shift their quarters, are weak and 'emaciated, though tall, and more deficient in intellect than any savage yet known. They have not the art of converting the skin of the Kangaroo to the . pur. pose of clothing • they do not even strip it from th e an ima l, but throw the ande carcase on the fire, and devour it when just warmed through I Although the weather in the winter sett ee!' requires warm clothing, they have not arrived at the art of Constructing any thing in the shape of a hut ; *hen they rest for the night, they make a break-wind of leafy bough', under the lee of which they sleep. This apparent deficiency of in tellect, however, and total ignorance of all domestic comfort, may . be ascribed pertly,`lf not wholly, to the difficulty of ob taining food ; their time being incessantly occupied in seeking fer the first article of subsistence, their principal food being difficult to catch, and requiring them *lntent daily, to a change of place,' leaving them no opportunity Or sheaving what a fixed residence, and the leisure which accompanies it, would effect in their mental 'capacities. Indeed, from observation I have had of those who can understand and speak English tolerably, I am inclined to think they are by no means deficient in capa city ; and. I do not despair of seeing the natives, whose num. berm on t: - ‘e Island are few, much civilized, and working or making themselves in some way us e f u l t o t h e sett l ers . Th ey are mild and harMless in dieposition—have no weapons—no wars anion" themselves : although, on account of the impossi-• bility of a large body together finding subsistence, they are di vided into small mobs of ten to thirty. The total number on the Island, I should guess to be, between two anti three thou. sand ; but they are rapidly diminishing. " The soil.of the Island is of a most surprising (oddity, so much Ito, that, to use the expressiorvof an :old Colonist, lihat_ ever is put into the ground will grow. the Gardener is lair,. prised to see apparently dry sticks, to which has ,affixed labels, to mark his seed,. themselves sprouting into luxuriant vegeta tion. I do not know how to describe to you the luxuriance of growth which .the garden exhibits. All which grows in Eng... land, grows here; added to which Tobacco thrives well. All English fruits and vegetation much finer than in England—the Apple, Pear, Gooseberry, Raspberry, Currant, Green Gage. We are deficient in the Peach and Plum, not having a good stock ; nor do 1 think they will succeed as standards—the only mode in which they have been yet tried. Grape: gam luxu riantly, but they are not of a good sort--Nectarine, remark ably fine.--We have not the- Apricot—the White Cur rant is rare—we have no Nuts—the birth of a hazel Nut Tree I witnessed a 4ve days ago, anti in the same garden was a Walnut Tree, whose rapidity of growth can be hardly believed.—lt may be proper to remark here, that the garden has been little attended to, excepte ing by one or two individuals, and that only lately ; so that we do not well know what the soil and climate are capable of pro ducing in a matured and well-cultivated garden. With respect to the prod ections of the field, all kinds of English grain sue ceeded here, admirably well. %%rhea; which has been our first source of prosperity, is grown without the • labour or difficulty attendant on that operation in England. You turn up the ground—.you put in your seed—you sleep, and it grows • and this has been the practice for seventeen years, 'without fallow. ing— without manure ; and the whole operation conducted in the most slovenly manner. From ground fresh broken up, once ploughed, immediately sown and harrowed, the average pro. duce is twenty bushels per acre; from land the second - year, once ploughed, &c. thirty to forty ; and were the same land in an English state of cultivation, without manure. I have no doubt that the average produce would be fifty bushels per acre. Barley and Oats in a more extravagant proportion. The Wheat is not subject to blight, init smut is common, which I ascribe to the seed not being cleaned or steep e d. I.ut little attention ha; been paid to Barley and Oats, their not having been an Export Market for Barley, and the seed of the latter having keen scarce. The Distilleries now established, will cause an attention to, and create a Market for Barley, not hither to felt. " With respect to the natural grasses of this Island, I shall merely remark here, that our sheep are fattened more by the range of country which we command, than by the peculiar nu. Wove pmperties of the grasses. They arc far inferior to those of England, but sufficient care has not yet been taken to bring them to the. perfection of which . - they \are capable. Most of the grass in the country is annually burnt ; not bythe desire of the proprietor, and stock-keepers, wandering through the country, make a fire, which, in the dry season, instantly spreads, and the whole country to leeward is soon in a blaze. The effect of this is, that the seeds of the grasses are for the moat part consumed ; and the roots of many injured and destroyed. This occasions the sward to assume* tutted appearance, unlike the close green sod of an English Meadow; and inducing the beholder to imagine, that the grows is of a - scanty nature, and the soil poor. " Having said thus much of the natural fertility of the soil, and of its capability for artificial production, I will consider what are our present exports, and on what exports we may reasonably calculate shortly to arise; under whip!) head, as the future staple Exports of the Colony, we shall have principally to consider. Wool. First of Wheat r:—The price obtained for 'Wheat, until the present year, has been from eight to ten shillings per Winchester bushel (the bushel, of Wheat of Van Dieman's Land, weighs from NI to 1121b5.) an extravagant price ; and far beyond what the grower has in this stage of the Colony, a ri g ht t o ex p ect . This year it has been from 7s. thl. to Bs.--a price amply suf. fickmt to compensate the Fanner. I am Sorry that I cannot, at tlits moment, state the actual number of bushels of Wheat grown, consumed, and exported. Last year from twelve to fifteen thousand bushels were, shipped to the Cape, but that Market had been previously supplied from England. ft was sold, however at ti fill; price. .A t least, thirty thousand bushels were exported to Sydney, which place has been hitherto our principal ;Market, and on which we may still continue to de. Pend. The population of Sydney is now rapidly increasing ; sod it will always be cheaper for them to buy our Wheat, ported by water conveyance, than their own, drawn from the totericr of the country, by land carriage. Besides, our Wheat is RO'superior In weight, antl.yields so Much more flower and of better quality, that it would always command a preference. In fact, our wheat is worth more for its flour, in the proportion of one-seventh, than the S v d ne y gra i n . The Isle of France and South America would take much of our wheat in the shape of flour, which we shall soon be able to supply. We want mills. A large quantity of wheat will be consumed in distillation, now, about to be carried on, to some extent. This will operate indirectly as an export; inasmuch as it will.prs vent that money from g oi ng out o f t h e Colony, which i s at present paid for spirits. The same with respect to Witte,.-. At the Cape we may always barter our Wheat advantageously for their Wines, and often for European goods. "All theßarley grown within the next five years will be wanted for home consumption. There are at present several Breweries, one on a considerable scale. Hitherto Wheat has been used for 11614 Barley not having been grown in sufficient quantity. - The distilleries also will prefer it to wheat, when ever it becomes sufficiently abundant to be cheaper for the purpose of Ilistillation. Sydney also, whose climate is tno warm for its profitable production, will always deniand a 'cer tain quantity, either in the shape of grain, or malt liquors. " But it is not on the profits of a tillage Farm that a capi talist rhould calculate ; the growth of grain will always be con ducted by practical labouring fanners, who have little personal expence, who can carry on a farm most economically by their personal superintendence, and by themselves leading their ani. mated machines to their daily work. The most profitable in vestment of capital is in Sheep. " There is no breed of Sheep England to which the com mon sheep of this country can be compared. They were ori ginally brought from the Cape, and crossed by the Spanish Rain. The result of this has been, an animal resembling a South-down more than any other Sheep, with long legs, and rather spare fore-quarters, and the wool of very inferior qua lity. So great has been the demand for meat the last three years, that little attention has been paid, by most people, to the wool. That article, now so valuable, was usually allowed to remain in the yard where it was cut off, until the accumu halal] of wool, from repeated shearings, rendered it necessary to clear it out ; whence it was transferred to the...land imme diately adjacent, and there lying scattered about, was con sidered a nuisance. " The average price, or rather the lowest price of Sheep, taking a lot of ewes and'wethers, not less than a year old, is twenty shillings per head. Some wethers the Settler wants for present consumption; their coat, therefore, is not to be includ ed among the per contras of the profits on Sheep. That ex pence will be considered when I come to speak of the expences of first establishments let us suppose, then, a Settler, on ar riving in December, 1823, purchases .1,000 ewes, for which, taking so large a number, he will not pay more than 20s. per head.—The account in June, 1825, will stand thus : January, 1024. 1000 Ewes common' Rams - - - - £l,OOO Total expence of fink Shepherds the first year, each 351. - - 140 June 30th, 1825. 1000 Ewes - 1000 Yearling Lambs Wool from 2000 Sheep, at Is. per head - 1000 1000 100 Deduct - 2100 • - 1148 First Year's Profit . - £952 " Supposing eight rams, of the Spanish breed, from Sydney, which would cost, at ISL per head, 1201. that expence would be amply repaid by the superior quality of the wool, which, in the above calculation, I have placed on the lowest scale. With respect to losses and casualties, of the former, if proper care be taken, there are none; of the latter, very few.—Extensive robberies ate daily committed on Sheep, but they are on flocks roaming almost unheeded over large tracts of land, and afford ing a temptation to those who have pursued similar practices at home, hardly t o b e res i ste d. I h ave not l os t a single Sheep since I have been in the Colony they are yarded, with me, re gularly every night, and counted once a week. As for casual ties, old ewes will die, and a young lamb is sometimes snapped up by an Eagle-hawk. In this manner, I think I have lost about one per cent. There is no scab, except where there is extreme neglect, and it is easily cured with tobacco-water, no foot rot, no fly, nothing to lessen their natural increase. Ewes, on an Average, will certainly produce not less than one lamb per yek.—lt will be some time before Pier are brought to market, to compete with Sheep. Pigs are not profitably kept until vegetable food is produced in abundance, and the farm well fenced. 1 look forw a rd t o th e ti me w h en Hams will be a considerable article of export to the East Indies.—By the time that the flesh of the Sheep becomes of less value, the wool will be of greater value. Three years' crossing has produced toler. ably hne wool, worth Is. Cc:. per lb. in the English market; and three pounds bring annually obtained per head, the value of the wool alone would be 4s. (Id. and this would be increasing every year.—The value of wool will always be kept up as Remittance to England. " Tobacco succeeds well in Van Dieman's Land ; small quantities only have been yet grown, more in the way of ex periment than otherwise; for this article, though so valuable, has been strangely neglected. The whole attention of the Farmer has been devoted almost exclusively to Wheat. From the To bacco, which has been grown, dried, anti prepared for use, there is no reason to doubt that very good Tobacco may be raised in 90r Climate, so as to supersede the necessity ot' its importation.--The new duty of four thillings, instead of six. pence perpound, now imposed on foreign Tobacco, will force the attention of the Colonists to the production of this plant— an article of the first necessity in this luxuriant Country. " Very little attention his been paid to the Hop..lsom the experiments made, there is little reason to doubt that the culti vation would amply repay the grower. Fine Hops are now growing on the banks of the Clyde, which is not warmer than other parts of the Island, " I will just casually mention, that the Ores of are very abundant. anti of an astonishing richness; hut it will be cheaper for hundreds of years to import iron from England than to make it here. There are Copper Ores, but not abundant. I think that I have diseovered a Tin Mine, lying near the stir. face, and of great richness ; but 1 have not time to attend to these uncertainties—my sheep, cattle, and farm, occupy, at present, the whole of my attention. The Metallic productions of the Island have not been sufficiently explored; indeed, I do not know that any one qualified for the task, has yet attempted it. I look forward to this examination, as a mine of delightful occupation, and, perhaps, of consider a bl e profit. " The general aspect of the Southern part of the island of Van Diemen is a succession of abrupt hills, thickly covered with trees, and rising higher and higher, or continuing till they meet with ranges of very high hills, which intersect the country in various parts. These long ranges of hills, not easily to be passed, and almost too high and too Steep to be called by that name, divide this part of the conntry into plains of greater or less extent. It is on these plains that Emigrants on the Der. went side are settled • the plains serving them for till age an d the hills for sheep-walks. " The hills have a sombre appearance,. suggesting the idea of perpetual autumn • most of the trees being evergreens, there is little other annual change than that of tints anti colours ; the vivid green of an Engliih prospect is not often to be seen, but this brown appearance of the country is not dull; the va riegated forms of the hills, the continual diversity of scene, the congregated preSence of water, wood, hill, and valley, form a richness of scene delightful to vell on. If I. were to compare it to any part of England, it would he to the country lying he. tween Cheltenham and Bath, but there the absence of water makes a material difference. "fie Northern, or Port Dalrymple side of the island, in cluding Launceston, le composed of a country more flat than the Southern, excepting in the immediate vicinity of the town. The interior of•the island, the middle part between Launces. ton and Hobart Town, consists of large undulating plains, watered by small rapid rivers. On the banks of one of these, the 'Macquarie River, a large body of Scotch Settlers have lately pitched their tents, with their wives and families ; re -4'l)a:table body, and much above the common class. " The whole country is well-watered ; either by rivers, rivu lets, or natural springs. Complaints have been made in parti cular places, that there -is no water to be found & but in such in stances I have invariably, found that the complainant had not taken the trouble lo tug six feet in search of it. In some parts, the running stream is strongly impregnated with alum, but generally the water is pleasant, cleisr, and wholesome. " Of all parts of the Island which I have visited, Hobart Town has the most uninviting' appearance. Strangers on first arriving, are sometimes nnich disappointed, and regard with sonic sadness, its gloomy aspect ; and with no less dread, ob serve the thickly wooded hills adjacent, but a more general sur vey of the country', soon removes these hasty apprehensions. Land, In good situations, is now becoming so rapidly lo cated, that in three or four years, we shall have to explore new parts of the island for the establishment of emigrants. It is for this reason, among many others, that I would earnestly urge all thosedwho have an intention to remove to this Colony, to loose no time in making up their minds, and in carrying . their intentions into effect. The locality of land is daily increasing in value. Land in the interior, which five years ago would hardly have been accepted as a gift, is now become valuable property. There arc still tfacts of land sufficient tor hundreds of thousands emigrants, of beautiful fertile country; but th ese are out . o f t h e , common roads, and at a greater distance from Marken'. Mar kets for grain, however, is not an object with men of capital who can command the breeding of Sheep, and the improvement of Wool, on a large scal e . Sheep carry themselves to market. There are numerous parts of the coast with sufficient harbour, yet unappropriated ; but settlement on these require a larger capital than emigrants in general possess. The. Eastern part of the coast I should recommend to the attention of the }.mi grants; situated midway between the Derwent and Port Dal rymple, and more convenient to Sidney. People in general have not stretched their views beyond the beaten track; where one settles, another sits down by kis side, too anxious to be settled to allow himself time to choose; and indeed settlers for the most part,' having only small means, are obliged immedi ately to put them in action. 'Of the capital requisite for different classes - of emigrants i —These classes we will divide into three—the mere labourer • .. ______ and the artificer--the ordinary emigrant--and those with &mi._ lies in England, whose property is daily diminishing from the change of times, 'and the different channels in which trade is confined in time of peace, from those in which it was used i n time of war. Und er thi s head will be comprehended, particu larly, those who have followed the pursuit of commerce in rnaratime towns... "With respect to ,the emigrant Labourer and Artificer, no other capital is requisite, beyond the cost of transportation, than his willingness and ability to work. Of the last class we will speak presently. The second resolves itself into the ques tion, " With how small a capital can a family remove to Van Diemen's Land, and there settle with decency ?"—for being once [fettled, independence follows of course. A family, with two thoniand pounds of money in England would have amply sufficient to settle comfortably and respectably at Van Dieman's Land. If several families were to unite in emigrating, the cost of their individual passage would be comparatively small. This mode of emi gra ti on I s h ou ld strongly recommend; and if the principle were to b e cont i nue d i n t hi s country, by taking their grants of land together, their means of settling would be found to go fitrther than in separate establishments. The economies of such an establishment, in one large, instead of many smaller famili es , are too o b v i ous , and Robert Owen has made them too well known, to render it necessary for the to ex patiate on them here. " The cost of their passage-mOney being set aside, I would advise a family so circumstanced, to buy all those articles of which, they would stand in need here, and which they would otherwise have to purchase at an entnanous price; but on no account to speculate, however flattering it may appear, in any description of Goods, but to bring out all. their surplus capital in Spanish dollars. Their mode of operation in settling can be explained only on the Spot. "As there arc many labourers and artificers in England scarcely able to obtain subsistence, who would be glad to find the opportunity of coming to this colony, it would be advise- able that a rough house-carpenter be engaged, and bound for a certain term of years, at moderate wages. These Emigrants who can command sufficient capital, should bring out Farming men, and mechanics of all descriptiOns. Should the Emigrant not have been used to farming operations, a nrap competent to undertake the direction of a farm should be engaged, on the same terms; and the expenses of their passage will be amply repaid by their service in this country,' where farming men are 'scarce, as well as artificers and mechanics. " Of the last class of Emigrants, I should .advise them to proceed precisely on the principles of the former. They would, of course, be able to purchase articles which would enable them to carryon their settling operations with greater facility and rapidity, and to greater extent.. They should bring with them two carpenters, a smith, two brick-Makers, a atone-mason, farming labourers as many as they can, afford, and domestic male and female servants. " Id° not think it worth 'while, in any case, to bring out Lire Stock for the sake of the breed. Sheep, whose wool is nearly as fine as can be imported, are to be obtained in these colonies cheaper than they can be brought from home. Our cattle are, at least, as fine ; anti were proper care taken to pre vent their breeding at too early an an, I think, would soon be superior. At pr e s e n t y ou see a ca lf sucking her mother, with her own calf (the calf's calf) by her aide. If there were an a opportunity sax on o rlv fo i e r r i t rnaon ram,spo i o ne d , icheap ly,finest wsonoyi be procured." Anima ls, an reditpostibldlebtoe PARIS PAPEItS. LFrant Morriteur of Batier.lay, Dec. 27.1 PARTS, DEC. 27. ; ~. has fixed the dividend for the second half-year at 42 francs per share. The `reserve is six francs. The dividend will be paid at the open Bureau, from the 2d of January next, at the Bank. The The Director ( From l'Etoils of Sunday. ) COUMT NEws or lax. 28. His 'Majesty has heard mass in his apartments. Her Serene highness the Princess of Conde has been seriously ill for these four days. Yesterday the Bishop of ilerutopolis visited hor Royal Highness « PARIS, Dec. 2.7.--A Journal had announced, -on the credit of its private correspondence, that the Counts of Torre Alta and Salamussea, °Akers of the Spanish Guards who were distinguished on the 7th july.among the faithful soldiers, had just been exiled by the King for having affixed their signatures to the Address presented to his Majesty byHumerus, on the 7th of March, 1820, to request the Monarch to re-establish the ConStitution. 'rho Counts of Torre A Ittt and tialamanca have just addressed to 'us a letter, : anted from Madrid, in which they declare the facts above:-mentioned to be false. The piath orCadiZ, us well as all the Journals in Spain, has published the, letter of D. Alvarez Cantpunu, Captain General of Grenada, indignantly cott tredicting the calumnious report, spread by the Revolutionists, of the pretended massacre of 114 Constitutional prisoners at Grenada. The tran quillity of that great city hat not been for a mo ment disturbed. PERPIGNAN, DE0.18.--TIM Second Council af 'War, at the sittings or the 13th and 15th, condemned to Tenth five soldiers, convicted of , carrying tr►ng against France. • The• official part contains tem Royal Ordi nances. • The first decrees, that on account of the &Jaya experieticed in the trial . of criminal causes before the Court of Assize, at Paris, in consequence of the length of the proceedings in fQlltral serious cases, the Court of Assize of the Department of the Seine, for the first quarter of 1824, shall be divided into two sections, to try simultaneously the causes brought before the Court, and, for this purpose a sufficient number of Counsellors of the Royal Court shall be dele gated according to the laws for the formation of &huge two sections. The second gives to the irkrount Castelbajlc, Director of thu General Administration of the Studs and of Agriculture, the direction also, in the same manner, of Com merce, Arts, Manufactures, and Subsistenco. [ Null" OS hi Ur Part.] ZANK OF FILANCH. The General Council of the Bank of France proprietors may send attornies to receive and sign the papers. It is indisputably necessary to present the titles. Patio, Dec. 28, CRIPPLEGATE WARD WITHOUT. Yesterday a meeting of the inhabitant house holders of this Ward took place in the Church of St. Giles, pursuant to public advertisement, for the purpose of taking into, consideration the propriety of p et i t i oning t h e C ommon Council to increase the number of the Common Councilmen for the Ward. Mr. Alderman WOOD took the Chair at one o'clock, at which time very few persons had assembled. Mr. J. NEwim L., after stating at some length his opinion of the advantages which would result from making Cripplegate. .Without andfiripplegate Within one Ward, proceeded to di rect the attention of the meeting to the subject which It was as sembled to consider. He contended that it was for the interests of the inhabitants of the ward that the number of Common Councilmen should be augmented. A case occurred, last year which proved bow necessary it was that they should' be pro perly represented—lie alluded to the election of Mr. Denman to the dice of Common Serjeant. Mr. Denman's election was carried by only a few votes. Upon that occasion the Common Councilmen for the ward, in compliance with' the wishes of ,their constituents, voted in favour of Mr. Denman ; and if the number of those deputies had been greater, ,the result of the contest would haVe been less doubtful. The inhabitants of that ward lied, A_ t least, a risht to 'demand that they should elect as many,(%011)111g11 Coots:dorm AO; , other weisle4-.ltv''pro portion to their numbers. At present, however, some wards, having only halt; and, in some inst a n ces , one f ourt h, o f t h e number of the , inhabitants of Cripplegate ward, returned as many deputies to the Commo n C ounc il. Li me-street Ward., having only ninety electors, returned f our representa tives ; Cornhill Ward, with 100 electors ' returned six repre sentatives; Billingsgate W ar d, having 130 electors, returned 10 representatives; and Bridge Ward, having 183 electors re turned 15 Common C ounc il men ; whilst Cripplegate elector, which contained 500 electors, returned only four Common Councilmen. He understood that the Common Councilmen of that Ward had more business to perform than they could properly execute : under these circumstances, he trusted that he should obtain the support of the inhabitants in endeavour ing to procure an addition to the number of their representatives in the Common Council. hle concluded by moving the follow ing Resolutions :- 1. That Cripplegate within and without is but one ward. 2. That the holding one wardmotc for the election of the Alderman has been from time immemorial, anti is one of the many_ Proofs of the unity of the ward. 3. That the holding two meetings in Cripplegate ward for the election of' the other ward officers, is contrary to the original custom, contrary to the custom in every other ward, and in direct opposition to the spirit of the statute of the 11th of Geo. I. passed for the regulation of wardinoto and other elections. 4. That the thanks of this meeting be given to our Represen tatives in Common Council for their services during the past year, in endeavouring to obt a in a un i on i n the election of the 12 Common Councilmen which the ward of Cripplegate within anti without have to elect on St. Thomas's Day ; and that they be requested to continue their utmost exertions in support of the union ; but if, after the strictest judicial inquiry, it should be found impossible to procure such a union, that they then be re. (quested to support the petition for an increased number of Common Councilmen for Cripplegate without. Mr. TAYLOR hoped that the Meeting would give a direct negative to the lion. Gentleman's motion, otherwise he feared that the inhabitants of the ward would be tormented every year by a similar proposition. The Hon. Mover bad not con. descended to state whether he should have 0 or 60 new Com. mon Councilmen returned for the ward. He (Mr. Taylor) de nied that the present number of representatives of the ward was not sufficient fbr every purpose. He called upon the Common Councilmen present to state whether they required any twist ance in the discharge of their duties. Mr. Deputy PULLEN declared, on behalf of himself and his colleagues, that they were quite adequate to the discharge of all the duties connected with their situations. The first three resolutions were carried by a chew of hands; hut the last was negatived upon a division, the numbers being —Ayes, 31 : Noes, 33. DUTY ON COALS. Before the meeting dispersed, Mr. Alderman Wool) stated, that a daught of a petition to be presented to Parliament in the ensuing Session s complaining of the hi g h d uty on coals, had been prepared by th e inquest of that Ward, and he hoped that it would be numerously signed by the inhabitants. DA It T r NG Bum; &R Y.---Yesterday informations were received at Il atton -garden Police-office of a burglary cam ' misted the previous night at the house of 3lr. Cross, a watch maker, of Charter-house-square. It is presumed that the fel lows got in at the rear in Glass-house-yard ; and having to cross the yard of No. 11, they created so much noise, that Mr. Cross' s watch-dog was alarmed, and barked furiously ; however, the burglars soon silenced his tattling, b severing the head from the body of this faithful animal. They then forced off the fastenings of the parlour window, and got from thence to the shop ; but, fortunately, Mr. Cross having been pr ev i ous l y alarmed by the barking of t h e d og, listened attentively, and, though he could not di st i nct l y h ear any noise in the house, he arose, detertnined to snake a search ; and when the robbers heard a footstep:on the stairs, they instantly decamped, taking with them only one silver table-spoon, though they had just come to a place where there was a vast quantity of valuable property packed up. Mr. Cross alarmed the watchman, but the fellows were clear off. Edwards, an active officer of Hatton garden, has been on the 100k -out, but as yet Ism not been able to trace any of the party, who are, no doubt, confederated with a noted gang of robbers that Infest Whitechapel, and dispatch their emissaries in every quarter of London. It is a fact not known, perhaps, to the public geuerally, that any part of the current coin may be refused, if at alt mutilated. This i now uniform p ract i ce with the Bank of s Engl the and, where th e c l er k s constantly return all coin that is in the least degree defaced, FOR THE SUN. PYTHAGORAS. MR. Eunon—Much has been said and writ. ten concerning the doctrine taught by PYTIJA. *GRAS, yet it has reached us only through the medium of his disciples, who often disfigured the tenets of their master. 'What appears certain is, that this philosoper, was one of the greatest sages that antiquity has produced. PYTHAGORAS was born at Samos, about 50 0 years before the Christian Era. He was the dis ciple of Pherecides ; and travelled through Egypt and India, in search of knowledge ; and it is in those regions that some sopposte hirti to have acquired the principal points of the - doctrine ha afterwards professed. His eloquence, as well " S the sublimity of this doctrine, rendered him arbitrator and the pacifier of the Grecian Co lonies in Italy, amongst which he principally r" sided, whence his school acquired the deltend w i tion of Itali c . El ea was t h e mos t usua l place his residence. His doctrine has been .offer diculed, and he has no doubt been sometime! calumniated ; yet his belief in the science 01 divination, an opinion very prevalent in his time, proves him to have been not wholly free fran, error. It was no doubt his faith in those absurd notions, that gave rise to the many ridiculous talc' circulated about him. l t y h eprobat: elementary l e tiiat particles t r i n c e l a e ;ciples of metempsychosis, an ingenious His disciples have transmitted to us his priall which they have disfigured. It ;5, indeed, high' form antler'` which and the different outward which they appear, when forming the component parts of different substances. Certain it iselT i 7 ever, that he enveloped the sublime " Iprat ,l which he taught, under mysterious forms, "' imitated the secrecy with which the priests ° Egypt concealed their religious tenets. t s i t u o ldy e rgo,the cdhatinrigoege.tlL:ieciir. To accomplish the noble end he had in he imagined that singular asgociation, which Iwas produced so many eminent philosophers. A l °ll l webs the d is cip e probation s required, b e f ore • Wa s; . initiated in the doctrine of his muster. Yet s uch was the celebrity he acquired, that men c heer' fully abandoned the advantages of fortune, fa' roily connections, the charms of social inter course, to be inlisted among the number of 11 ; 5 followers. Pythagoras, whose favourite moil , ' was, that two friends were only .one mau, commended only two maxims to his Scholars-- reverence for the gods, and love for men. llenc e did they become celebrated for their affection for one another, which was,. indeed, proverbial ; Ailst their ever active benevolence secured for thew) the respect and the affection of. their fellow men The beauty, as well as the amiableness of the doctrine taught by their master, accounts satis factorily for the enthusiasm which led them to consider him as little inferior to a divininty. At this time men were entering into the news of metaphysical r e s e a r ch es; a nd though possess... ing but little insight into Natt.ral Philosophy, they fearlesssly attempted to 'explain the 1 7:: chanism of the universe ! , -. The : system of Pf t 1 ,4 gores is a cu ri o us instance of the early eflort 6 human genius to solve the problems which n - ture presented to the inquiring mind. Acvrding to Pythagoras, the universe is ram ter animated by an intelligence which is at once the principle, the mean, and the end of all things. To this intellgence he gave the name of unity, whilst he termed duality the matter which Is subject to continual changes and variations; and the universe, p ro d uce d b y th e union of intel lec t and matter, he called trinity. Struck with the' proportions, &c, that exist in numbers, with which he was well acquainted, he fancied that he di cerned them also in the'reiolutions of unto": and believed them to exist in certain harmonics: proportions. P ro p ort i on a nd harmony he ra. considered as every where existing.; time, ju stice,t „. l intellect, fri e nd s hip, & c ., were only numerical proportions. A system so fanciful and p leoll " presented with all the charms of the most seLW' tine eloquence, and ut a period when phY s lat principles w e re u n cer t a i n or er roneous, med e it imaginationappeal to the of mankind, which now was scarcely possible to resist. Such were Ai6 ;, the abberrations of the human mind, that the . 1 toe ciples of Pythagoras, plunging still deeper „ b e d t" gloomy recesses - of metaphysics, cep , most singular and the most extravagant c°fl tions. Notwithstanding the celebrity which 1 Y 1 , 12 ; gores acquired, neither the place, nor tl►e 1 04 1,''' of his death, are known. Th e most acc"," lt 4 ;7 opinion is that he did at Metapontuin ab' i u ` ,os years before the christian era : and , s , tic h ' i f the the veneration in which be was held " 1 0 d people of Magna Gracia, that he was 11°1' ►pre• as a deity ; and his house became a sacred 16P P • It, .~ RIOT AT DRURY- '..ANE THEATTIU.--""° "9 ' 1 : : i . t .. )5 cyprians ,were brought up from ..,.. . d for a t 7 r at t c ui l gtt u , se cba w rg he e r d e t w h i e t y h c h r a e d at t i ' l e tr e , n a ca:ll:°fltill‘ellBnr i li t holy for their a T i he r y i t e h x a p s r s e a s u s l e t t i l n g : l e l l ti°jeh°el:lt'fil l i : (1' their misconduct, and having eontrivolli to fo i e I range the matter With the female ags .ualtes: r ow Ziagistrate said he would let them g° lo s in, present, but, if they were brought thereoo, ,g.,,,i t" he should deal with the utmost severity them. nes Oat It is really shameful to witness the 5ce,,,600 nightly tak e plac e in the Theatre s, ill " of the officers. L rgilc e IVilliam Barris, a servant ton r. ---a ` v was cart in t b G r i o ) ugl i t ' t o u r p, C4 c f h il a b r lr g i e d t g l e W i l l tl e l P ti ti ri l' Vil l liti laaCkliel :beig ill ; S pHi t ea ra c: l: ( t ai l, s ofi , t i v ii - l i e t di l t lont the name and ll uniki .--- 4aocsc.oaraddiucgotsots,Act of Poiliall'ill" BOW STREET.—(Turs DAP e E arl of LoNsDALE, we are concern 4 ifiCC' s w ta h te, met with an accident a few omy- 3 nt , when hunting with a party of friends at his s e te, • a C t_tosniere itutlandsdire ; his horse threw "r'e. ,n . d broke o ne a his ribs ; but, by accootg... $ Lair in town yesterday, his Lordship /4' air way of doing well.