The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-16 00:00:00

lIIE SUN, LON,OON, WEDNESDAY MORNE_NG DECEINIBER__I6, STEAM NAVIGATION. On the Ist proximo an Act of Parliament for the re gulation of steam navigation on the river Thames, and also on the seas, will come into force. The Act was passed on the 28th of August last (9th and 10th Victo ria, c. 100), entitled, " An Act for the regulation of Steam Navigation, and for requiring Sea-going Vessels to cal ry Boats." By the preamble, it is declared to be expedient to make further provision for regulating the construction of sea-going vessels, and for requiring sea going vessels to carry boats. There are 38 sections in the Act, which Act is not to apply to her Majesty's ships, nor to any vessel not being a British registered vessel. Iron steamers of 100 tons or more, commenced after the passing of the statute, are to be divided by watertight partitions. All sea-going vessels of 100 tons and upwards, after the Ist of next month, are to be provided with boats of the dimensions specified, and no vessel carrying more than ten passengers is to pro ceed to sea unless, in addition to the boats, it is supplied with a lifeboat and two life buoys ; and steamers commenced after the passing of the Act, in lieu o: a life-boat, to have "paddle-box boats," or such other boats as directed by the Admiralty. Steamers of 100 :ons and more to have a hose for extinguishing fire. Every steam-vessel when meeting or passing any other steam , r, is to pass as far as may be safe on the port side of the other vessel, and every steam-vessel navigating any river or narrow channel to keep, as far as may be practicable. to that side of the fairway, or mid- channel of such river or channel, which lies on the starboard side of such vessel, due regard being had to the tide and position of such vessel. 'Phis section (the 9th) has re ference to the numerous vessels on the Thames. The Admiralty may make regulations respecting the exhita don of lights. Vessels with n 20 miles of the coast to exhibit lights at night, and no compensation to be awarded to vessels not exhibiting lights at night. Be t', pre the 30th of April and the 31st of October in each ear two declarati , ns by the owners are to be tran, mitred btoultiheeißidoaeridtbcef Tmraaedbeinseerttyingettotrbteh%tyhesesiusifl, whichcieiicyof the declarations are to be re g istered, and certificates cates of the e granted. Accidents and damages to steamers are same the be s a u p p : loss of a steam pose Inspectors "d e, as alsom )- • require evidence as to accidents, d and may appointe , to be reported to th i e l., ? re o s a s r e d i. oflr & c . .ar . c of a general character to bin. the 'rode of ploceedure for disobedience , and __ penalties to follow thereon. d the Board o ra e eve d h been con an tt o f Government —the symbol of stituted the " eyes to enforce the new law, and to knowledge—with power enforce The ATdhtmlei i e r o t a t i h l e t w e y r law, v i p s r i t.. ( t s irl h c s e r prevent, as far as poss ible, according to the language of f accidents in steam the statute, " the occurre nce o na vigation." tis interesng WALKER AND SIMMONDS. — Thi pugi listic contest for tho weights" came off yesterday, a. men were both in ex- Eastern Counties Railway. Th e he n light weights" cellent condition, the friends of each being having drawn fident. Walker gained the three events, a short, but first blood, first knock-down blow, :and after _ nd of " chain hard, fight, was declared the winner at the e four teen rounds. Time, thirty-one minutes. P r s M h il i d P en o h f oll t , WARNING TO PARENTS.—A he very n earl y secured lately a v i ct i m for one of the hells of vice with which London is said to abound. The following short and simple story may serve as a warning to parents and young women. A few weeks since a respectable small farmer, residing in a village near Boston, called upon a tradesman in th e b oroug h , and asked if? he knew a Mr. Mason, a horse-dealer, in Oxford -street, London ? On receiving a reply, in the negative, he said, " I thought possibly that, as you sometimes sell horses, you might know such a person ; for a lady has been to my house, and has hired my daughter into the service of Mr. Mason, and I have brought her with her clothes, &c., to go by the coach." The tradesman remarked on the folly of allowing his daughter to go among entire strangers ; and inquired what sort of a lady had hired her ? " Oh," said the man, " she's quite a lady, and very elegantly dressed." After further inquiric s, it was elicited fe,: in the man that tie " lady" said she had a sister in Boston; on which the cautious tradesman wisely recommended the simple-hearted countryman'to ask her who her sister was. He accordingly went to the inn-yard, where the coach was ready to start, and popped the question as to the whereabouts of the " sisu er," when a commercial gentleman standing by, attracted' by the passing circum stances, exclaimed, "Oh, I sa w that woman on the pavement last night." Electricity could not have pro duced a more instantaneous elle, it upon this " lady," who "cut" in double-quick time, :And was seen no more in Boston ; and thus was an innocm it girl, in all proba bility, savrd from ruin and au inge mous early doom.— StanYord Mercury. REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CORN TRADE. I The full effects of the eof the potato crop in Ire ' I land are now bec.;inieg ruanif,st ; the wants of that clun try, though s ly urgent before, have so greatly increased within th e l ast few wee k s, t h a t i t has been found necessary t o send large supp li es o f f oo d fr o m hence to the s i s t er i s l e ; and this unusua l d eman d u p on our stocks has already caused a clearance of the coarser descriptions of grain at the principal ports on the west coast. The inquiry was, in the first inetance, confined principally to Indian corn ; but that article having risen in value until it has become as dear, if not dearer, than wheat, the Irish buyers have lately purchased Odessa, Egyptian, and other low-priced wheat, freely. Though the stocks of Indi an corn in this country have been com pletely exhausted, and cargoes still on passage from the Medit-rranean and America have been bought previous to arrival for Ireland, the demand from thence has in creased from day to day. The inferior kinds of wheat have, in consequence of this state of affairs, risen rapidly in value, and are at lea s t 2 s . p er qua rter dearer than they were only a fortnight ago. Hitherto the finer sorts of English and free foreign wheat have not been much influenced ; but it is scarcely necessary to say that the withdrawal of large quantities of corn week after week from our granaries to suply the wants of Ireland must, should the demand continue, sooner or later cause an ad7ance in prices in all parts of the kingdom. The almost universal want now prevailing in Ireland has caused attention to be so exclusively directed to the west, that the very extensive suffering of the poorer classes in the Highlands and islands of Scotland has been almost lost sight of. It is, nevertheless, certain that great suffering is being endured there, and that those parts of the kingdom capable of affording assist ance will be called upon to furnish food to their less for tunate neighbours. It requires very little foresight, therefore, to perceive that the country is in anything but a safe position with respect to the sufficiency of food; and we have no hesitation in affirming that all the sup plies likely to reach Great Britain between this and next harvest are likely to be wanted. England is not the only country which will require aid. In France and Belgium the harvest has proved even more defective than with us, and we feel fully satisfied that the much talked of sup plies from America will prove inadequate to meet .the deficiency caused by a generally deficient harvest over a great portion of Europe. In the early part of the week the trade in wheat at Mark-lane was not lively, but since then the inquiry for the article has undergone a considerable improvement. The arrivals coastwise into London have been less liberal than the preceding week, only 7,729 qrs . h av i ng b een reported up to this (Saturday) e ven i ng. Th e quant i ty exhibited by land-carriage samples from the home coun ties has also been moderate. On Wednesday there was scarcely anything on the Essex and Kent stands, except that left over from previous receipts ; and the millers be ing more inclined to b u y, a c l earance was easily effected at rates fully equal to those a t w hi ch sales were made in the commencement of the week. On Friday the dis position to get into stock had evidently increased, and factors succeeded in placing the little they had to sell at an advance of is. to 2s. per quarter. In addition to a lively inquiry for free foreign wheat on Irish ac count, several purchases have been made by country buyers ; besides which a few parcels have changed hands on speculation. The business done on Wednes day was at an enhancement of ls. per quarter, and subsequently a further rise was established, the advance on some qualities being fully 2s. per quarter at the close of the week. The inquiry for bonded wheat for ship ment to France has within the last few days revived ; and though the high pretensions of holders, together with the scarcity of shipping, have prevented many bargains being closed, there is reason to believe that the small quantity of wheat under lock here will be still further. diminished by exports to France. Several of the metropolitan millers have lately been employed grinding low qualities of wheat into meal for L eland, which circumstance has rendered them less anxious to enter into forward contracts to deliver flour ; the demand for the latter article has meanwhile in creased, and there is some prospect of the top price, which was only a fortnight ago put down from 565. to 535. per sack, again rising to the former point. Many of the principal manufacturers refused, on Friday, to sell i,onseliolds at the rates current in the beginning of the week, and ship samples were very generally held Is. to 2s. per sack higher. For barrelled Flour the inquiry has also been active, and rather enhanced rates have been paid for free; whilst bonded parcels have, in anti cipation of a demand for France, risen quite Is. per barrel. Indian corn has been eagerly sought for ; and the few floating cargoes offered have been readily taken for Ire land, at considerably enhanc , d terms. REVIEW OF THE FOREIGN CORN TRADE. The advices' from the north of Europe are of very little interest; the weather appears to have undergone similar changes there to those experienced here. Up to the Bth instant the navigation of the Elbe was still practicable, and the temperature was then mild ; we may, however, expect that the next reports from thence will give a very different account cf the weather, and it may be regarded as nearly certain that no further supplies of moment will reach us from the northern continental ports. Letters from Dantzic, of the sth of December, inform us that a somewhat improved demand had been expe rienced there for wheat, and that about 350 lasts had changed hands during the week, and at an enhancement of Is. to Is. 6d. per quarter on previous rates. Prime high-mixed new, of 591bs. to 601bs. weight, was then held at 555. to 565. per quarter free on board, and other descriptions at proportionate rates. The weather, though frosty, had not been particularly severe ; and the water in the Vistula having risen, a good many of the barges wheat laden had got down, and further supplies were believed to be close at hand. Freight was high, say ss. to 6s. to London, or the east coast of Great Britain, and 6s. to 6s. 6d. per quarter for wheat to Liverpool. From Stettin we have advices of the 7th inst. Scarcely anything appears to have been done in either wheat or spring corn at that) port for immediate shipment; and beyond a few contracts closed to deliver barley in the spring at 30s. per quarter free on board, the transactions in the grain trade had been altogether trivial. From Rostock we learn that the supplies of wheat from the growers had rather increased ; and the inquiry having at the same time improved, a fair extent of bu siness had been done in wheat, at prices equal to 525. per quarter free on board for the best qualities. Peas had met with some attention, and had sold readily at 40s. to 41s. per quarter free on board. From Hainburgh our advices reach up to Tuesday. Since the previous post-day hardly anything had been done in wheat for export ; and good to fine qualities of red were quoted at from 535. 9d. to 555. 9d. per quarter. For cargoes to be shipped in spring from Baltic ports there had been no offers except at high rates, the prices asked having ranged from 525. to 535. per quarter. The operations in barley had also been restricted, a stop having been put to business by the fear that anything shipped from the Danish islands might be caught by the frost, so as to prevent the vessels sailing till spring. This apprehension had also checked business in oats from outports. The intelligence from France is very important ; the value of wheat, after undergoing a temporary check, having agai n a d vanced nearly 2f. per hec. at several of the principal markets. In order to encourage importa tion, the Government had determined to admit Ameri can flour in British bottoms, whether direct from the United States or from England. This alteration in the navigation laws will most likely lead to the export of most of the flour at present under lock in the United Kingdom to France. Since writing the above the Great Western has ar rived. Freights to England had risen so high, as seri ously to check business; and the consequence had been a decline in the price of flour of nearly 50c. per barrel. For Liverpool ss. per barrel had been paid for flour, and for London ss. 61. and even 64. pi.r barrel had been asked. The shipments of flour from New York, from the Ist to the 2.1 i h of November, had exceeded 83,000 barrels.— Mark lane Express. EATHER EusTAct3.—Th e late decision in one of the Irish Courts of Law, respecting the property of two nuns, claimed by the convent of which they are mem bers, has creat..d a great sensation in the Catholic com munity, which will. no doubt, he still further increased by the perusal of Mrs. Tro!lope's new work, "Father Eustace, a Tale of the Jesuits ;" in %hich the leading incident in a highly wrought narrative, is a similar at tempt made by the same church to obtain possession of the estates of a young lady who is devoted to a c,tnven tual life. This is certainly a curious coincidence, but the story, in which it forms so remarkable a feature, is no ordinary one ; and is as full of startling truths as it is of the most absorbing interest. We are glad to find that Mr. 11lark wick's Patent Epithems, which we confidently recommended to our readers some time ago, as being extremely valuable and : , 0 forming T h two materials kindsa n ex one ne i el n .., useful materials, are meeting with that extensive pa ii a rt a g rheumatism,r e , e , a l b pa l e p , e and rm e a o bt b li ec tronage, both from the medical profession and the public, question,tt they are Impermeable it to wi will be eminently spo n recollected , g i enticed o p e ii an r e t e o , liedst Protectors," manu factured substittite for the common , Patent remedyt Chest jntionable poultice ; and the other, the apprehend, will be without dli ta : c li t °i u nu r er e e d 'u' x fr i' o n ta teen. t d h e i T s dh ar ea tic ‘ le, will, we think, at this season, prove invaluable ; and considering the bensapeendrfitotaoaafdnnoeddfsioctrhcoeceamtior-- Q s told that this was impossible, on superiority than the approbation and recommendation they meet with from medical men. them.s fort io n : tll they wear rThey aff o rd , aa rnw oed n al i r o ntadheds o se,as n r. . thew th a at he would nct leave, and would A' short time ago, a peasant presented himself early informed of the man's p ae e n t l e cdi d ra w inn eb ab o : t h annod f o g r ie: c ap o t n reesrs t t r o q b e : bing should be able to palace mother, askedhe h i introduced, and,. on seeing oneswsoselebeheesei obstinacy, morning aesa e htep r Heyt n oho, i pd n eol ei g erng. cdelaaesattrHsere.e ordered of him i the mi ee , having inquired him, recognised that it was his f oster -brother. The The Pope told him that he had after the health of his m if he could do should like to remain to watch anything to serve him. He sai d . he had no want of over the Pope received him very kindly, an , l, and the peasant l no want of p rotection , eft ; but came a solicited a place as under gar dener,• order that he might be able to see the Pope at in least once a day. Pope yielded to his • The desired him to send for his mother, in order that hie f s a t a n . I f:e: t t d il y a i n y o g s f 9 1 a i b i f s t l t H r Holiness might also have his foster mother near his person. Essex REGISTRATION OF VO TERS. .The regis• ter; for this county, just p ublished, show an increase of 85 voters in the Northern, and a decrease of 40 in the Southern Division, as compared with the numbers on the preceding register. The numbers registered are as fol lows :—Northern Division , 5,461 ; Southern Division, 5,326. The numbers last year were precisely alike in the two divisions--s,366 , —Essex Herald. TUESDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE. FOREIGN OFFICE, Der. 10, 1846. The Queen ha , 3 been gracious;y pleased to appoint Lord Howard de Walden and Seafo-d, G.C. 8., now her Majesty's E!.voy Extraordilwy and Minister Plenipr,te,.tiary to her Most Faithful Majesty, to be her Majesty's Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of the Belgians. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint Sir George Hamilton Seymour, G.C.H., now her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of the Belgians, to be her Majesty's Envoy Exraordi nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to her Most Faithful Majesty. FOREIGN OFFICE, DEC. 10. The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Ruther ford Alcock, Esq.. now her Majesty's Consul at Foo-chow foo, to be her Majesty's Consul at Shanghai. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint Richard Belgrave Jackson, Esq., now British Vice-Consul at Canton, to be her Majesty's Consul at Foo-chow-foo. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint Temple Hilliard Layton, Esq., now acting as her Majesty's Consul at Amov, to be ier 111*, tv's Consul at that port. FOREIGN OFFICE, DEC. 14. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Frederic Cartwright Dickson, as Consul in London, and of Mr. Jackson, as Consul at Liverpool, for the Republic of Chili. DOWNING-STREET, DEC. 15. The Queen has been pleased to appoint G. 42,. Lowenfeld, Esq., to be Financial Accountant for the colony of British Guiana. ADMIRALTY, Dic. 14. The name of Captain William Isaac Scott is to be included in the list of Captains of the Royal Navy having accepted the retirement of their rank on the terms proposed in the London Gazette of the Ist of September 1846, on the had-pay of one pound per diem. With reference to the announcement in the London Gazette of 11th December instant, the promotion of Flag Officers of her Majesty's Fleet should have been dated on that day, in stead of the 10th December. Erratum in the London Gazette of the 11th of December instant—For Vice-Admiral of the Red Sir Edward William Campbell Rich Owen, K C. 8., G.C.H., to be Admiral of the Blue, read, Vice-Admiral of the Red Sir Edward William Campbell Rich Owen, G.C.8., G.C.H., to be Admiral of the liue. Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire. Royal Montgomeryshire Militia—The Right Honourable Edward Herbert Earl of Powis, K.G., to be Commandant. Commission bye the Queen. Royal Montgomeryshire Militia.—Edward Dwen, Gent., to be Adjutant, with the Brevet rank of Captain, vice Gilder, who retires, June 29. Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Argyll. Argyll and Bute Regiment of Militia—Henry Campbell, Gent., to be Ensign, July 1. WHITEHALL, Nov. 25. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Benjamin Brock, jun., of the county of the borough of Carmarthen, Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery. WHITEHALL, DEC. 10. The Lord Chancellor has appointed William John Cowper, of Newbury, in the county of Berks, Gent., to be a Master- Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery. BANKRUPTS. John Cross Humby, boot and shoe manufacturer, Black friar's-road, to surrender, Dec. 23, at half-past one, and Jan. 29, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Cannan, official assignee, Birchin-lane ; Archer, Wine Office-court, Fleet street. _ _ William Thomas Gooding, glass-cutter, Old Brentford, Middlesex, Dec. 22, at half-past two, and Jan. 26, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Belcher, official assignee; Watson and Sons, Bouverie street, Fleet• street. William Hunter, coach-manufacturer, Gray's Inn-lane, Dec. 22, at IL:If-past twelve, and Jan. 21, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pennell, official assignee; Sise-lane. Henry Tattersall, common brewer, New Wharf-road, Bat tlebridge, Dec. 26, at eleven, and Jan. 30, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Green, official assignee, Alderman bury; Wilson, Aldermanbury. Thomas Ta3lor, blacksmith, Headbourne Worthy, South ampton, Dec. 23 and Jan. 21, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basing hall-street ; Buchanan, Basinghall-street. William Toms and John Matthews, brewers, Hungerford, Berkshire, Dec. 24, at two, and Jan. 28, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Coleman street buildings; Bishop, Lincoln's Inn-fields. John Newby, haberdasher, Leicester, Jan. 1 and 29, at half-past eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Bittle ston, official assignee, Nottingham; Holme and Co., London; Hoskins, Loughborough; Smit he, Birmingham. Henry Peers, builder, Birkenhead, Jan. 1 and 19, at twelve, at the Liverpool District Court. Bird, official assignee, Liverpool ; Vincent, Temple, London ; Atkinson, Liverpool. William Jones, boiler maker, Liverpool, Jan. 1, and 19, at twelve, at the, Liverpool District Court ; Turner, official assignee, Liverpool ; Bridger and Blake, London-wall; Almond, Liverpool. Frederick William Farley, hatter, Liverpool, Dec. 31, and Jan. 15, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Caze nove, official assignee, Liverpool ; Keightley, Cunliffe, and Beaumont, Chancery-lane; Hetherington and Co., Liverpool. James Sutcliffe, cotton-spinner, llabergham Eaves, Lan caster, Jan. 4 and 20, at one. at the Manchester District Court. Pott, official assignee, Manchester; Hisson and Robinson, Manchester; Scott and Tahourdin, Lincoln's Inn-fields; Shaw and Artindale, Burnley. Richard White, merchant, Sunderland, Dec. 30, at twelve, and Feb. 8, at noon, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official assignee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Young and Harrison, Sunderland ; Maples, Pearse, Stevens, and Maples, Frederick's-place, Old Jewry. DIVIDENDS DECLARED. Blingworth and Smith, worsted spinners, Bradford, York shire—first div. of ss. in the pound, on any day atter Dec. 21, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. E. Hodgson, ironmonger, Richmond, Yorkshire—first div. of 10s. in the pound, on any day after Dec. 21, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. E. Dibb, grocer, Idle, Yorkshire—first div. Of ls. 3d. in the pound, on any day after Dec. 21, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. J. and G. Clarke, carpet manufacturers, Market Harbo rough, Yorkshire—third div. of 3 4d. in the pound, on any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Christie, Birmingham. J. Turner, jeweller, Ludgate-hill—first div. of lis. in the pound, on any Wednesday, at the office of Mr. Whitmore, Basinghall-street. E. Cawdell, toy-dealer, Hull—first div. of 3s. 6d. in the pound, on any Wednesday, at the office of Mr. Whitmore, Basingball-street. F. ifelloni, silversmith, Shaftesbury, Dorsetshire—first div. of Is. 3 1 4 d. in the pound, on any Wednesday, at the office of Mr. W hitmore, Basinghall-street. J. Lindon, merchant, Plymouth—final div. of 1 3 %d. and seven-eighths of a farthing in the pound, on any Tuesday, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. H. Murch, sail-cloth manufacturer, Norton under Herndon,- Somersetshire—final div. of 6d. in the pound, on any Tues day, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. H. Levy, tobacconist, Plymouth—first div. of VAd. in the pound, on any Tuesday, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. J. Reece, ironmonger, Axminster, Devonshire—final div. of 9 3 / 4 d. in the pound (in addition to ss. in the pound pre viously paid), on any Tuesday, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. C. S. Heywood, packer, Hulme, Lancashire—first div. of 2 1 4 d. in the pound, on any Tuesday, at the office of Mr. Fraser, Manchester. J. Leadbeater, merchant, Manchester—first div. of Gd. in the pound, on any Tuesday, at the office of Mr. Fraser, Manchester. J. Forth, hatter, Nottingham—first div. of 51,d. in the pound, on new proofs only, on Friday and Saturday, Dec. 11 and 12, and Dec. 18 and 19, and Saturday Jan. 2, and every alternate Saturday until Nov. 20,1847, inclusive, at the office of Mr. Bittleston, Birmingham. Di VI VENDS. At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street. C. Sugars, coal merchant, Carey-street, Lincoln's Inn fields, Jan. 7, at half-past eleven—W. Leggett, miller, Cotton, Suffolk, Jan. 7, at eleven—J. W. Cooper, clerk, Park road, Notting-bill, Bayswater, Jan. 7, at eleven. In the Country. 11. Marsden, hosier, Brynmawr, Brecknockshire, Jan. 14, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court—D. W. Acraman, W. E. Acraman, A. J. Acraman, W. Morgan, T. llolroyd, and J. N. Franklin, ship builders, Bristol, Jan. 19, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court—J. Cornish, painter, 13ridport, Jan. 20, at eleven, at the Exeter District Court-R. L. Har ness, spirit dealer, Dulverton, Somersetshire, Jan. 20, at eleven, at the Exeter District Court—J. Commins, book seller, Weymouth, Jan. 20, at eleven, at the Exeter District Court —J. Taylor, farmer, Higher Walton, Cheshire, Jan. 8, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court—J. Kyle, banker, Manchester, Jan 8, at twelve, at the Manchester DihtrictCourt—J. Sutherland, coppersmith, Liverpool, Jan. 5, at twelve, at the Liverpool District Court—M. Scary, maltster, Flintshire, Jan. 5, at twelve at the Liverpool Dis trict Court—R. F. Breed, merchant, Liverpool, Jan. 5, at twelve, at the Liverpool District Court—S. Reading, button manufacturer, Birmingham, Jan. 30, at twelve, at the Bir mingham District Court. CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless cause be shown to the contrary, on the day herein mentioned. F. Holmes, ship builder, Soutlitown, Suffolk, Jan. B—G. S. Whitechurch, hosier, Bishopsgate-street Within, Jan. B—J. Ditch man, builder, Thurlow-place, Ha , kney-road, Jan. 12— W. Bundy, builder, Stamford-bridge, Fulhani-road, Jan. 5 J. Burton. auctioneer. Liverpool, Jan. B—J. Pidwell, iron- mooger, Falmouth, Jan. 13—W. Monk, jun., currier, Not tingham, Jan. 5—W Bamer, builder, West Derby, Lanca shire, Jan. 5—J. R. Pease, wine merchant, Ingram-court, Fenchurch-street, Jan. 5—W. Baker, painter, Manchester, Jan 5—J. Bird, timber merchant, Club-row, Bethnal-green, Jan. 5—C. Wakefield, licensed victualler, Hampton Wick Jan. 5—J. Brooks, currier, Glastonbury, Somersetshire, Jan. 5—J. C. Edwards, bill broker, Conduit-street, Hanover square, Jan. 5. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. G. and G. W. Pilkington, tea dealers, St. John-street-road, Clerkenwell—G. and J. Souter, button makers, Birmir.ghain —W. Scott and J. Stoddart, ironmongers, Liverpool—J. and G. Simmons, builders, Sandwich, Kent—J. W. Tottie and H. B. Rodway, horse-shoe manufacturers—R. and R. Clifford, malt crushers, Bolton-le-Moors—J. Wright and J. Potts, cotton spinners, Glossop, Derbyshire—J. Jenkins and S. Saunter, shoe makers, Crown-piece, Old Kent-road--T. Baker and J. P. Davis, rectifiers, Castle-street, Finsbury—W. Hall and L. Smith, cotton manufacturers, Manchester—G. T. Caswell and J. R. Chirm, pump makers, Birmingham— J. Hipkins, W. Lakin, E. Caddick, and E. Hipkins, soap manufacturers, Bloomfield, Staffordshire—C. Atkinson and S. Oliver, jun., steel manufacturers, Sheffield—J. and H. W. Barnes, plumbers, Botolph-lane, City—D. Bellhouse and J. Flockton, ironfounders, Manchester—C. Candy, C. Teakle, and E. Ferrand, merchants, Wading -street (so far as re gards C. Teakle)—E. and J. Sealey, bankers, Bridgwater-- T. Morris, W. Morris, and T. Morris, jun., hat manufacturers, Holland-street, Blackfriars road (so far as regards T. Morris, jun.)—W. Sinclair and J. Grimshaw, • builders, Cheetham, Lancashire. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. Andrew Robert Wilson, tailor, Glasgow, Dec. 19 and Jan. 9, at one, at the chambers of Messrs. Hodge and Stewart, Glasgow. Daniel Fisher, insurance broker, Edinburgh, Dec. 23 and Jan. 19, at two, at Paxton's Coffee-house, Royal Exchange, Edinburgh. George Inglis, horse dealer, Edinburgh, Dec. 21 and Jan. 13. at two, at Cay's-rooms, Edinburgh. TO CLEANSE THE TEETH AND IMPROVE THE B R EATH. —To four ounces of fresh prepared water, add one drachm of Peruvian bark, and wash the teeth with this water in the morning and evening, before breakfast and after supper. It will effectually destroy the tartar on the teeth, and remove the offensive smell arising from those that are decayed. THE WELLINGTON STATUE,—MOnday workmen commenced preparing footing for the scaffold-poles in the open space west of the Horse Guards, for the pur pose of meting a pedestal for the Wellington statue, which is to be taken down forthwith, and subsequently pl:ced upon an appropriate resting-place in the above locality. ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS. The Ethiopian Serenaders made their first appearance for the season here last evening. They gave divers old favourites, and one or two new pieces. Among the latter " Mary Blane" was the most noticeable. It is one of those little tragic domestic dramas of slavery which go further to produce in the mind of any tight-minded man an utter hatred and repugnance to the atrocious system, than any speeches or arguments. Mary Blanc is a negress who is married. Her owner separates her from her husband, and sells her to a distant pluatation. She runs away, and dies in the woods of want, and the husband dies of a broken heart. Mary Blanc and Lucy Neal, as sung by the Ethiopian serenader; will better serve the purposes of the abolitionists than all the speeches that have ever been delivered on all the platforms in England and America. They appeal at once to the heart ; and, in such a cause, an appeal, to the heart is irresistible ; it disarms sophistry and is superior to all the reasoning in the world. Pell, the bone player came out in great force, His crescendo is most artistical, and the more frequently we hear him the more are we convinced that the bones would be a most efficient aid to an orchestra. The first composer who shall introduce them will make a fortune from his opera. But it is not only as a musician that Pell is great. He is great also as a comic actor. Let any of our first rate comedians—our professional " makers of fun"—try to be comic, seated in a chair, and they will at once be compelled to yield the palm to Pell. He has the humour of the legs— there is not a kick of the heels, not a cross ing of the legs, not a motion of the arms (and who can give such eccentric motions to the arms as Pell), but what has meaning in it. He is the foun der of a new school of humour, in which, doubtless, he will have many followers ; but to him is due the honour of being the originator of the school. Before we con clude, one word of advice to the Ethiopian serenaders. Gentlemen, your school is essentially national. Beware how you attempt to make it otherwise, by ingrafting on it the slang of the lower orders of the English. We thought we observed a slight tendency to do this in some of your new songs. Avoid it altogether. As much nigger slang as you like, the more the better. American nigger slang can never be vulgar in England, because it is not the slang of the English vulgar ; but for your own sakes keep up to the highest pitch the in tense American nigger nationality which has hitherto constituted the great charm, because it is the great novelty of your performances. The house was crowded to excess in every part, and the performances went off admirably. CULTIVATION of TUSSAC GRASS. At the last monthly meeting of the Highland and Agri cultural Society of Scotland, in Edinburgh, Dr. Balfour read a communication 'on Tussac Grass, sent to the so ciety by Colonel Moody, the commanding officer of the Royal Engineers in Scotlard, and father of Captain Moody, Governor of the Falkland Islands, to whose exertions the public are indebted for the introduction of that grass from which so much is expected. Colonel Moody referred to the notice of the Tussac by Bougain ville, who was the first to discover its nutritious pro perties, but who did not, so far as he is known, attempt to introduce it into the agriculture of France. It was afterwards described by Cook, under the name of sword grass, and must have been known to Sir Joseph Banks, who accompanied the circumnavigator. It was again noticed by Captain Henry Foster, in the narra tive of his voyage to the Southern Ocean. in 1828, 1829, and 1830, as the dactulis ccespitosa, or Tussac Grass, as it was afterwards designated by Dr. Hooker, who ac companied the expedition under Sir ,Tames Ross. Since that period, Captain Moody has been unremitting in his exertions to bring the subject under the notice of the public, and has repeatedly sent home parcels of the seed for trial. Colonel Moody's communication mentioned the success with which some of that seed had been tried in deep moss contiguous to the sea, in the island of Lewis, and referred to certain experiments, the re sult of which was, that cattle in this county eat Tussac with avidity, and prefer it to native grasses, and that in nutritive matter the Tussac is superior to the Fescue in the proportion of about six to four Dr. Balfour mentioned that this grass was thriving welt in various situations, particularly in the Dublin Bo tanical Garden ; at Barochan Castle, in Renfrewshire ; in Mr. Lawson's nursery grounds ; and in the Orkney Islands. Mr. Trail!, of Viera had the merit of intro ducing it into the last locality ; having failed in rail ing the plant from seed, he procured some small specimens from the nur , ery, n hich were planted in tha island of Rousay, in peaty soil, under the imme • diate influence of the sea ; they tripled their size in July and August, and their growth during that period was equal to six months' progress in the nursery. Dr. Neill said, that from his own experience, he could confirm the fact mentioned by .11r. Moore, of the Gles nevin Botanic Garden, that where Tussac plants are scarce, they may readily be multiplied by dividing the tufted roots. In the end of July last he directed his gar dener to divide two plants, being average specimens of a number raised from seed sown in March, 1844. Each plant afforded about fifteen offsets. The offsets of the one were placed in good garden mould, and have suc ceeded well, promising to make fine tufts against next season. The offsets of the other plants were dibbed into the worst soil which the garden afforded, a coarse ferru ginous sand, and in this they have not flourished. The Chairman said, that the thanks of the society, and of the public at large, was due to Captain Moody, the Governor of the Falkland Islands, for the efforts made by him to introduce the Tussac grass into Great Britain, and that it would be gratifying to him to learn that its culture was now exciting so much interest in the agricul tural world. A 'MODERN ROMANCE OF THE CONFESSIONAL. A tale which would have served very well as a re miniscence of every day doings in " the good old Ca tholic times" of the 13th or 14th century, but which sounds very strangely in modern ears, has been told to us with corroborative proofs, which leave us in very little doubt as to the accuracy of the whole of the following details, so far as the transactions narrated as having oc curred in Worcester are concerned. It is said that a few weeks ego a lady of respectable appearance en tered one of the numerous Protestant places of worship with which our city is happily so ornate, and her attention appeared to be rivetted with somewhat of wonder on the service as it proceeded. On re tiring, she remarked to a lady who happened to emerge from the door the same moment with herself, that the prayers which she had just heard were very beautiful, and only wished that the persons who ha'l been engaged in offering them at the footstool of the Deity were in " the true church." Struck with the sin gularity of the remark, the person addressed observed her companion with careful attention. The mark of care and sorrow was on her brow, and she was evidently much depressed in spirits. Being confirmed in her sur mises that she was a Catholic, she replied that perhaps the prayer-offerers were in the true church, and it would be well if she would make some investigation upon the matter for herself. The conversation ended in the lady being earnestly invited to come to the place of worship again, and hear more of the doctrines preached there, in order that she might judge whether they were in accordance with the tenets of Scripture or not. Once and again the lady was observed to attend and take increasinginterest in the services performed there. At last she waited upon the minister, and, appa rently, in the greatest anguish of her mind, told him the story of her life. She had, she said, been married to a respectable person in —, and for some time lived happily with him. He, however, was a Pro testant, and she was a Catholic, and, as all true believers in the directions of the infallible church are supposed to do, she had been a regular at tendant at the confessional Here, however, a guilty passion was fostered in the breasts of both the con fessor and the confessed, which neither the celibate vows of the one uor the marriage vows of the other could restrain. In an hour of ,eakness and sin, won by his bl ndishments and seduced by his artifices, she consented to leave her husband and her home to be come the adulterous companion of one who, by the vows of his religion and his office, was bound to per petual chastity. She had now lived with him for some considerable time, but latterly her slumb .ring conscience had been awakened, and its reproaches had rendered her truly miserable and wretched. It► this state of mind it was that she had strayed into the place of wor ship alluded to, and what she had heard there had added so much to her misery and pain, leading her to see and feel on the borders of distraction, and she could bear it no longer. She could not, she dared not continue to• live the life of sin which she felt she had been hitherto spending, and the doctrines she had heard from the minister's lips encouraged her to hope that if she forsook her wickedness and turned from her evil ways she might even yet have mercy at the hands of Him who had an nounced himself as the God of Love. She expressed her firm determination to continue apart from her seducer, and in a most impassioned manner called upon the minister to lend her his advice and assistance. Her story was sifted, and its truth as far as possible ascertained. Her husband was written to, but as he refused to receive again the faithless consort who had injured him, she was placed for protection in the house of a lady well known for her piety and works of usefulnesss. Her flight, doubtless, caused no little consternation, and two or three days sufficed to trace her to her place of refuge. Every means were adopted to induce her to return, but she remained firm to her purpose, and, as she was much annoyed by the watch kept upon her movements, she was tracked, with an evident determination to procure possession of her person, in order, possibly, that the only scene of her sorrow and expiation might be some seclu sion beyond which the tale of scandal can never pass. Again she shifted her place of concealment, and whether this last has been discovered or not we do not know.— Worcester Herald. A few days ago were discovered, at Audenge, in the Gironde, several Roman cases, in a broken state, and the bust of a statue in whits marble, of exquisite work. manship, and some parts of which are in a good state of preservation.—Paris paper. MILITARY DISLIKE OF THE OFFERTORY. -- On Sunday last, there was a collection at St. Aubyn's Chapel, Devonport, in aid of the funds of some charita ble institution connected with the chapel, and on the oc casion the Rev. Samuel Rundle, the officiating minister, commenced the reading of the offertory. No sooner, however, had the reverend gentleman commenced the service than many of the officers of the regiment, who attend that chapel, stood up and adjusted their arms, pulled on their gloves, and giving a signal to the soldiers the whole party began to march from the chapel. The heavy tread of the soldiers made the reverend gentle man's voice perfectly inaudible, and it was not until the men were arranged in rank and file outside the doors that the rervice was able to be proceeded with,—Devon ' port Telegraph. SHOCKING CASE OttPA*VCitM -7- A youth of 19, named C:;evillen, at Itfs:fili c y • 6r 15, named Guy, were tiica 'l. - -ursday, by a the Court of Assiv , t-f e, 'Lai 10 4 ,„ parricide, and the second f u r co mpli c ity i n the miralFie The circumstances of this case are horrible. The father of Chevillon, a labouring man, little more than 40 years of age, was about twelve months ago attacked with a paralysis of his limbs, for which he was treated, without effect, in several hospitals. The poor fellow, however, did not despair of recovery, and having a little money, he resolved on returning to his lodging—a room on the ground floor of a house at Versailles—and there obtain ing medical assistance. His son, also a labourer, but a youth of dissolute life and very profligate habits, occu pied the room with his father, who was so completely helpless that he could not rise from his bed, and it was necessary, when be wanted air, to lift him from it, and place him at the door. On the 23d of August last he was still sanguine of recovery, and had a foot bath, and took some refreshment. Only a day or two previously he had received from some member of his family, on whom he had claims, a sum of 200 f., which was placed in a bag near his bed, On the following morning, at half-past seven, some neighbours were called in by young Chevillon, who told them that his father was dying. This was indeed the case; they found the father insensible, and removed him to a hospital, where he died a few hours afterwards. On a post mor - tem examination the medical men declared that the man had not died of the malady under which he had so long suffered, but of suffocation ; and as it was known that the son was in company with Guy, the younger prisoner, and had passed the night of the 23d of August in de bauchery, spending a good deal of money, and as the 200 f. which the father had received were not to be found, it was supposed 'that he had stolen it, and caused the death of his parent. Young Chevillon and Guy were arrested, and the following confession was made by the latter :—He said that he was in the room of the de ceaied with the son, who purchased some charcoal, at the desire of the father, to make a small fire on the hearth, to warm some broth; but instead of doing this the son made a large fire on the floor, and unseen by the father, took away the bag coataiaieg:the 200 f. The room became very hot, the sick man complained, but the son told him the heat would do him good, and then left with Guy, closing the door after him. They went to a dance, and when that was over, to a public-house, where Che villon drank in company with several persons of bad character. At about five in the morning he sent Guy to his father's lodging to see whether he was dead. Guy returned and said that he had not courage to enter the room, but he lOoked through the window and saw the father in the agonies of death. Chevillon remained drinking for about two hours, and then went to the place himself. Finding the father speechless, and there fore unable to give any information as to the cause of the hopeless state in which he was lying, Chevillon, after sweeping the remains of the charcoal into the fire place, went out and called the neighbours. Chevillon at first denied that he had made any fire, and pretended that his father's death had taken place in the due course of nature, but some of the witnesses haring declared that the sane floor of the room was hot when they entered, and that there were still embers on the hearth, he shifted his course, and made the following statement:—His father, he said, had become weary of life, and reso!ved to abridge his sufferings by suicide. He had given the two hundred francs to his son, as being no longer of use to himself, and desired him to make a large charcoal fire on the floor, in order that the fumes might produce death, and when the fire had been kindled he ordered the son to leave. This statement did not impose upon th examining magistrate, and it was contradicted not rn rely by th e 6 , t.fessi! , n of Guy, but by much circumstantial evidence. The prisoner Chevidon persisted in his falsel.ood, and pretended that he thought he was doing his duty in obeying the in junctions of his father. On tLe trial tho counsel for Chevillon endeavoured to shake the evidence as to (Le cause of the death of the deceased ; and, secondly, sup posing that he might have died of suff-eatien, sought to obtain credit for the statement of his client, urging at the same time that in law the man - e ho assists another to commit suicide is net wilt} of murder. The jury, however, found Chevillon guilty of parricide, but with extenuating circumstances ; pad he Has sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment with hard labour. Guy was acquitted.—Paris p,per. A PREM.:TURE INTERMENT.—Another instance of the danger of precipitate tee-rment has just taken place at Lensac, a commune near Bordeaux. The wiie of a rich farmer, after a short illness, appeared to have expired. The usual visit of the physician to verify the decease took place, and the funeral was proceeded with in the ordinary manner. Two or three hours after, the sacristan, in passing near the grave, heard a noise winch rest mbled stifled groans. He hastened to give the a 4rne and the ceflin was taken up. The unfortunate woman was found to be warm, and gave un quivocal steles of lite. It was proposed to . take her at once to the village, and employ the ordinary means of resuscitation ; hut. through a barbarous pre judice of the place, not a person n all consent to open his door, through the idea that a buried person always brought misfortune on the occupants of any house into which he or she entered. The poor woman was in con sequence, placed on the board of a wine-press, and there administered to. It would se , in that nature was worn out by the lengthened confinement in the coffin, as, after a short time, death really supervened. MR. D. W. HARVEY'S VISIT TO COLCHESTER.—We announced a fortnight since that Mr. D. W. Harvey, who formerly represented the Borough of Colchester in Par liament, contemplated paying a visit to some of his friends, for the purpose of examining the register of voters, and forming his own opinion as to the probable result of a liberal opposition to the present representa tives. We have this week to announce the fact of such visit on Monday and Tuesday last. Mr. Harvey arrived at the Cups Hotel in the afternoon, where he was met by several gentlemen, and in the evening a few of the burgesses, whose general knowledge of the opinions of the voters can be relied on for its accuracy, assisted him in his examination of the list. It would not be prudent for us to give precisely the result of the investigation ; but we are warranted in stating that it was extremely encouraging, so much so, that we understand a requi sition is to be set on foot, inviting Mr. Harvey to offer himself as a candidate at the next election. Mr. Harvey is prevented by very stringent rules, imposing heavy penalties in case of violation, from taking part in the election of any individual, so long as he holds the situ ation of Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police Force. This situation, being of the value of 1,500 L a year, it is not to be expected he will resign it, without such au assurance of support from the great body of the electors as would place his return beyond a doubt.— Ipswich Express. CHELMSFORD SHOW OF FAT STOCK.—This an nual show of Christmas stock was held on Friday in the Bell Mead, but it was upon the whole inferior to shows of former years, both in the number and the qua lity of the beasts shoe n. There were, however, a few good profitable anine.ls in' the field, areongst the best of which.were a lot of tine Highland Sc, 's belonging to Mr. Blyth; and some very good attic dirt we re also shown by Mr. Page, Mr. Stub,. k, &c. But little business, however, eas done, the pi ices ask( for the geed beasts heir - kg at the rate of ss. per :ton i c., anal this the butchers teemed to think too hiett. Mr. J.Mat-oe tneceed, d in dis posing of a few of tie:ee committed to his care, and a fine Hereford belonging to Mr. if. was told to Mr. 11. Gladwin, mei Mr. Orton T utt lase d two fine Herefords. The bustrees was by NI ;rests brisk. Ie sheep the thief attraet tett e as a lot of i-plendid half-bred Rents bekniging to Mr. .1 ~cpb Ht.t cy, of Little Braxted. They were certainly estraordinary animals, and had been previously sold to Mr. Lust, of Chipping-hill, by whom they wen; shown, at 3/. per le ed. One of them was afterwards purchased by Mr. C. Darnell, of Wit ham, by weight. In o:,e iif the pens was a foreign r sheep, as we understood, a Chinese, shown by Henry Gladwin; the h• ad, neck, and legs were of the colour of tan 1.--ather, smooth and soft, without the slightest vestige of wool or hair. It appeared nut very comfortable tinder our climate at this season, and by no means presented signs of a formidable competition with our English bred ate ep. There was about the usual show of lean stock, and in this department we believe more basin as was done.—Esser Herald. THE WEATHER.—Since the memoral le two days of Marc' , last, the 19th and 20th when the thermometer stood at 22 degrees, we have exp , rieneed no such in tensity et frost as ac love done since Thursday morning. It has been, Ind, ed, severe and continuous, the thermometer, Navin;;; at. Ito part of the day risen above 29, while it has, Nut 'r cini , ntly so low as 23 de grees. This last w:. i :see:sit:4 n, m. th back of High-street, last night at Lice o'clock. e hove had no snow in this immediate vlein:ty, but ycs:erd:,) the hills in Fite were capped with this mantle of t o . r ; and we hear that there have been heavy fails of st,,w in Pirthshire, Aber deenshire, Kinross-shire, am& ;.nrtionlarly in Berwick shire; as noticed in at.otner ni:r.Traph. Though the weather has been intenst I wet, northerly w i nos , it has been clear, t et e : n ej e d iieelths , a r i the exhila_ rating mus ske :it g ad e art ,• beenn a Jove in alm em o e s n t : of all parts of the e, uet.y.— a i e i omen Mercury. The London Mail on Saturday forenoon was fully in w e re u a n c a Edinburgh. e T h chief e thre wea ther. In consequence of frost and snow, the mail l os t e hours cause beyond ofdeten t t i i m on e , nearly two hours between Newcastle and Berwick, which latter place it reached at about the hour it should have arrived in Edinburgh. Nearly another hour was lost between' Grant's House and Cockburnspath, from fear of collision on the single rail. The mail due here on the evening of Saturday at eight o'clock did not arrive till half-past one o'clock next morning, from similar causes ; but the London morning mail of Satur day, which is generally due here at nine o'clock on Sunday morning, had not reached our post• office at half-past two this morning (Monday), when we were preparing for press. In the great storm in the commence , meat of 1838, the longest detention' of the London mail to Edinburgh was nine hours. Most of the leading tho roughfares in the north of Scotland were then com pletely blocked up.for several days, and, as regards stage coaches, rendered impassible for weeks ; but that storm was more severe on the coast than inland, so that the London mail coming vin Carli s le anti llswiek fo un d t h at communication comparativ e ly open during the whol e o f the protracted storm. The Inverness mail yesterday was seven horns beyond tim e. — Caledo n i an M ercury. THE RIVER PLATE.—LIVERPOOL, MONDAY. Ac counts to the close of Septeeiher from Monte Video, re ceived via America, state that an attempt Invi been made by a partisan of Ocibe to a , 3acsitiate Rivera. The at tempt was unsuccessful. The assassin was secured, and was being tried. 'Tie breed of foxes ;n Westmoreland is said to be considerably on the in, rear:e. In Witi,f-rslack, Kent mere, and the mounta , n,w diLtricts, the:c - are to he seen daily, and many of tae adjacent hen 1,,,,5rq ) , are suffered greatly from their deFrethareus.—Ccrrlid. - 3.v.01 .•r 5% 7sl 614 p A ~------------------- -.---,_ —............_ 1 '-“ 4 To scF.,A ux R AILWAY. / trical point of view. In effect, in order that the two ?t ; e. tea ec , aa"wing interestirer account of this railvvey i s j axles of the coach which precedes, and the first axle of e , l "coal the Essex Herald : the coach which fellows, may converge towards the 1"-ii•_te estehli.shment and opening of the railway between centre of the circle formed by their three main bol.e, it ae , and Steaux has excited considerable interest, net is necessary that the radius of the .. small crown fixed to .3 arn oe :11 e iods, 7 14 e Parisians but among scientific men of the beam should be to the radii of the crowns of tre ; le , as ro 6 f it a ''cularcy engineers, or establishes 1 axles . as the length of the tiniest* is to the total length of a s , Ystem, that of moving a railway train es eliant ' this Omen and the beam which conducts it. in s e se eee . x. ~ ,- ..p etu .,-.- , Will the chains which coenees the aelas together be s the projector of which is M. Ar ; a re aft s ens e, em.e , ,ini , t j , ,. ~ , , , .a t „ xpr , ric , ne .,_ To tie 1 frequently suatject to be br . oleeit ? In re ea, to this ones lai''S" a Lles e e ps, ~ , .2 ~,, r " ,..., , ...,1 i, „. ~, ;,,,,„.. ~ I tion, it is stated th.v . •t is e-asy to see ih,v, t , le str,o, i t Iv i i ae,: , ,, ;lint ~ i, i s de, ei , . i, e:, • ,. i s ~übali, ; ,. ~ ov ~,,. e _,,, i upon teem is very trifleig, being limited to turning . tie A t leiti4el,l • .) ; e l , b hr e rriir s otiu ‘ seen that t t h h e a n t tactical r p ctina r :p )n r i o j e s( .,:s s. ,, f its success 11,,,ve ii,,t crowns, the draught of the train bsing wholly confined to the timon and the b am. At one of the experiments in the year 1838, presented to the French at St. Mau..-4 a chain separated, after which they made The den, molds and specimens of his new system. an entire circuit before giving . notice to the persons who i s s i t i irSt exp- riruents were tried et St. Mea 6 wl'ia'' conducted the train to stop its prigs ss. This ?irctm of direct'. rI I vance proves that if the whole of the means . . wee,selleazt.dereftefr. yinoetmes, abent lour pill, from Paris • as pre , as being successful, a pria et fora law be necessary,. they can, without . serious inconvenience. P eth sentett to the Chamber of I h-puties (in Erenis' be dispensed w i sh upon an intermediate pint of the Ju e sel entary languiese, a Bill was introduced),. 29th of train. The binding of all the parts of the system keeps ear; 1 844,the axle, which may be without a guide, in the regular to establis - h an experimental railway on the route. do o rt s ena between Paris and Sceaux. The examine- teaj ee t ue vs: ions details, and the discussion on iho As to the essential pint—that of overcoming the !e -ars: t y occupi e d pay et b e el the Chamber at least a month, and the sistances. When once the train is started, and during , i t e ame a law sth of Augest, 1844. The rail- the whole time of its motion, are there,. in . the proposed a 9 0 e e Ste w , p a,d to the public in June, 1846. system, causes which might definitely increase their toi l e t ' l O 4 is about 61- English miles from, and lies due mean value? If the resistances are diminished in the the B °• '. Paris ; the terminus of the railway is close to curves, are they increased in the straight parts, which th e ot , a rr:4 'e d'Enfer, on the south side of Paris, near will always be longest ? „,,ti ,tservatory Pala ce of , , and. going . direct from the Louvre, the It is in regard to the friction of the axles that there see be an uncertainty. 'sr e ro the Luxembourg is on the route, and not v. ry nn • , . atone ln the Barris; e. The line passes over the vast bear the weight of the waggons, as is the practice in the ste labl earrie s south of Paris, and indeed over the cata tiler,' ;it runs some distance parallel with, and goes ordinary system, nothing requires . him to augment the I, At o es eei t i t , l e P Paris and Orleans coach road . ; it passes diameters of the axles and spindles. He has never theless increased the length of the boxes of the inde eteeae. Cachan, Bagneux, Beurg-la seine, and near pendent wheels. 'Esti % •Y aux•Ro3es, at each of which places are „ This length," M. Arag . o say . s, "is a guarantee ag?inst e lem. s ' °n leaving the Barre •e, Paris is at . once Geld etl, and the •• deviations from the plane in which the wheels turn - .' It e e, , Eted , scenery on the route is rural, diverse. does nit appear that this plane is less well maintained in s a"Kine ; Pleasing, On the return, the view of Paris, the system where the wheels turn on the axle, than in ‘'ha ''• -li the height s of Mont alart;e, the Pantheon, the str at i:eh of V al - de- Grace'that where they are fixed, at least for the time these le , and the Observatory, is very tSat, b i g' Before wheels last. s eh returning to the system in question, it The duration of the wheels in the present system is not t lee; served, as French admeasurement is used, that e. , • e • , s. 1. fi d h e ,re is e little eat. et is known witn what exactitucie tne wneels xe l ' l 'v e t n i, and li more than 39 inches, a centimetre the i to the axles must be turned in the making. It is known e ece ito:e 'metre the I,oooth part of a metre, as also with what rapidity the flanges of these wheels are s. _ .Ete inconvenience st ate. destroyed by their friction against the sides of the rails 1 Fa b e r tril, indeed it may be added, the serious in cases of curves. 'eve '" would arise from using locomotives, as at rota nnst et tee . .ructed, in turning sharp curves, is evident In the system cf ala Arnoux these resistances disap th l uvari pear ;it gives them a longer duration to the wheels, or d eels, we able parallel of the axles and fixity of the u l l t e e tterr, in hereby admits of their being made with less perfection and the turn together. To avoid this strength. Whi c h le shearamg the . curve, it is necessary, first, that In the St. Mamie') experiments the wheels were simply 1 4 . the train tbe directed in a right angle to the curve of wood bound with iron ; the edges, instead of forming t h il l a utl .. ep st p r esses over •; secondly, that the wheels one body with fellies, were iron hoops made flat, and the eaoiee t ,et each other and turn upon the axles, fixed to the body of the wheel by wooden screws. Prebl %in the curve, sliding on the rail. This is lYste te era which Notwithstanding, however, the length of curves so fle ece ' Prop ° leh M. Arnoux, the inventor of the new varied, and of so small a radius, in a total circuit of ,ssfel, se d to solve, and his solution bas been most suchgreat extent, none of the iron hoops, although so le i' 41 te e d slightly fixed, vyere torn off, nor did they present any •• s Yste 3t o the belief," he says in the exposition of title d fo re ' that • sensible alteration. %s ett i th e rail In the construetion of carriages des- This is another material proof establishing the fact mo ve ti searctli:says, enough perseverance has not been that the wheels hold perfectly well together, and that P r e.o rn e c er/t is deiP for the canna whence the facility of the axles are properly directed. ?art re Illsiee wi rd in thdry routes ; too much Daring these lang experiments there was never felt the great work on hand, of which a in any marked manner those oscillating movements i t e io n n e a e :e le b tn e b.! re ,e g a a rr rd ia e g d esa,s the consequence of the imper- which are so commonly found in the ordinary railways, it is thought that the engineers and which are so uncomfortable and so destructive as re malerfecti'aeU to use their endeavours to correct the pals wear and tear. or" t t i c l ll th e u p u r l i t 'e.lf, and that they have ton easily ad • The only remark which arose when going at the 1 1 I axle ste e , e e n e d lp il l i e of rigorous and inflexible parall.elis,m greatest speed, was relative to . the very slight incline- N s _ ei co consequence the fixity or tne wneys. ;ion of the bo lies of the carriages proceeding from the incline sal ineari'eaqunce, because it is evident that with centrifugal force, yet this effect may be lessened by rais- l s rais s ib i 4 ° 4 3' parallel, the movability of the wheels is • i cr t h e outer rail s ot te a te_ eet eiroh_L'cau.se it would lead tto easily to ylis- i n now come to the estimate of the total resistances ssd rti divers the rails." M. Arnoux then bring, by the aid of the dynannuseter. ti so ‘, P2ie ts ``s inconveniences of the present system, These resistances proceed from the current of the Of the the axles upngst them the too great apprexima atclias eerri4 01 respect to the length of the bodies 'sir. limn the collision of the wageons upon the cm movable air, from the friction ef the axles upon their ti es h eart h gas, whereby the latter do not obtain a ‘., th -g. a n d • . . periahery, from the rolling of the wheels upon the se ttee. e traeeo as, in consequence of this disposi- rails, From the sliding of their edges upon their sur- 1 ot til iti es ` 0 ,... 1 . n . annot be transmitted but by the face, from sushi( n jolts, from the accelerations or i s e„.. e arriao __ the frames which bear the be 'ace, s in the route of the train, which the best con- te o :ealll et e r , sthe . slightest deviation gives to them ductors cannot avoid, and of vvlach the influences have a d ," to th.. " which is conveyed from one end of the' tiecom.- considerable on account of the magnitude of the t isi i r li e lie p os e iti nther, and •tends to give to each axle an mass in motion Now all this is susceptible of varist kreptsowbeeideca_ ti the direction of the rails, and re- Lion, according to the tightness of the screws, the „It w Perti oa ,„ 4 _ l ?ahle of resisting . these efforts, which sea,sine of the box ,, s, the moisture of the air, and the Illep all i n te, - . ..ety more violent as the speed increasos. orcater or less s liclity of the rails. As to the last in • Ntsrenee Academy year 1838 that M. Arnoux presented to Fluence it is real : ior on the journies, the waggons often lase 4 he es. c ' lcl ernY the specimen of the new system snake on the sand lying on etch side of the rails, figurt s rin g ` as l"•°Posed to apply to railways. This speci- es that kind which natural philosophers call acoustic tilto es te "el, the fifth part of the six- of the car- figures. so4l_to 8 adopted, and it is of this model we are Another question. In the system of M. Arnoux is he:le ,, hate g ia e e l , ak t , l ; foe although the inventor_ has made the resistance perceptibly the same on the straight parts l it erie ci e ey are not ot a nature to aueet the ge- as on the curves of the railway? tis *As i /l l'• 3 7-- trit f l laux d D nanometrical experiments have been made by M. ea ted his system as follows, in su bmit- Morin with a delicate apparatus, which he has greatly tl• I' lle °r t he j Lei • • figment of the m aitute : contlibuted to improve, and with all the care which a a t ift s e e re s e 4 ri rractio n of the beds of the carriages will scientific man brings to the estimation of the resistances teW ette e k "tile from the construction of those of ordi- he measures. blip gag ; they will consist of a fore and hind bed With wheels not turned the relation which the resist tit;l4eh t Z ] e ach othe r . ante bore to the c h arge was f oun d, f or t h e w h o l e o f t h e e i}e tree ofe: Pierced by a ma i n i ron b o lt,* will have roa d , cons i st i ng o f stra i g ht li nes an d curves o f 50 an d hie, 4,eisturning horizontally upon it. 150 metres radius, as also in the small circle of 18 metres T h e Ne t e n ,: ll _u s ted with patent cylindrical boxes, will radius, to be the fraction 1-175 ; with wheels turned % t e t for e a _ l ' pday on the axles. , the relation descended to 1-204. This relation increased he No e e .?el hind beds of the different carriages in in an experiment where a guide wheel accidentally ei t teh W i ll `Pa be united by means of a carriage beam, touched the cushions of the rails. (e t the beams x es Pie_rce . d by the two main iron bolts that It thence follows that the curves of the road add no• s Te e e e earrea e aa n net w swh h ich will support two transoms thing to the resistance, and more than that it shows that q cewicizhe%uP° will b i l e i c o t n he spri d ng b s willbeplaeed. the wheels should be turned, and the guide-wheels ad y . an inflexible iron . th of the a thnoh), pierced n b e y et t e he main bolt of the hind jested with exactitude. 9 eS°re Preneding carriage, and upon the same bolt in The commission of the Academy determined on corn• tiv eh e fere of the carriage which follows paring this report with that which exists upon the ordi lise.frote the of the first coach will ' • its dire'- nary railroads ; the expsriments took place on the Paris own s N eale road itself ; to effect this, re tw ce o Lv i e ro s, act' and St. Germain, and the result was found to be 1-200. "It is necessary to add," said M. Arago, " to the advan- Iv va t bees ° P r ongs, will be attached to the centre n of e the , ar t ), f a ' , of the axle ; the two prongs descending to- tage of the system of M. Arnoux, that the large spindles of the axles of all his coaches might have been brought, w hiCli e , e h rail, will carry a small wheel (in all four) without inconvenience to diameters, of 55 millimetres, Cr, tn ' °Y slightly touching the rails, will, without effort, e „ -t ha axl the right angular directien to the road. instead of 65, and that then, after a co- efficient of fric st!on rather too feeble than too strong, the mean re eo—tu th i . fo e re ax le the symmetrical direction will be 'tie sated to the hind axle ofthe carriage, by 'stance upon the St. Maude road, would be reduced of 8 CIF tWa chains, one crossing the sameo ther and the ends to 1-230. Finally, the equality of friction and resistance upon ea c e et to , e fastened to two circular crowns (one fixed on di so a axle) of equal the curved and straight parts of the railway, when the amonegter. Each chain, as it may be coaches are constructed according to the system of M. lie„ e , ft s i led t , consists of a l ;h4etn are exed ma . crowns.iron rod in the centre, with that a each end, to whi i t Arnoux, and that the speed does not exceed certain fixed to the et are attached pieces of chain limits, is completely established by the experiments at The form of these chains st. matte& Tess i , Nhe co ° 4 nevizontal Mpired to the section of an hour- These experiments prove practically that the con tire 8. Position, in fact somewhat like the vergence of the axles is the indispensable condition of a good service of locomotion, upon the curved rails ; they fore r te m d b t y ll e m fi e r a n t to the second coach the traction will be means of the inflexible iron rod (droop) be- prove also that the mechanism of which the projector pre the mention e dmakes 11Fe, to establish this convergence, has all the ,f ore a ...,_ 0. ; the direction will be communicated to cision that can be desired. 7 t aboy e o ' e l n e t , I the second coach by similar cross chains e Thus," adds M. Arago, in terminating his remark ia.earri_ma . ,mentioned, which passing from a crown fixed to able repert, "the system of M. Arnoux would not ilia !il.4.lxte k. ,l of the first coach; and pierced by the ll ed ;. ,at . e t he hind bed, to a crown of double diameter Pose, so far as one can judge of it, any appreciable in ' Vs, the axle of the fore bedofthe second h , crease p of expense for traction. With reference to safety, To e e se e manner f m ought to satisfy even the most timid. M. astened by the main bolt. a rts 1103 unicate f a r °I. atr ' successively the movement to all the Arnoux seems then to have completely solved the diffi cult problem that has been proposed. Henceforward the _.. e a r th, and to make them converge, the one engineers will fear less in tracing railroad lines, to turn Zap ) , t : b l rl_ , towards the centre of the curve, it is ne- from the direct routes to avoid obstacles of all kinds, se! Chan_ e understood that the beam of a carriage will eh at present, they are obligeal to have removed. laaa w ee es i r Its direction, except when the road itself which, expense of tunnelling will be less frequently o ll tt e eo t i,; e thus in determining the relation which exists The heavy and finally, by haring side rail stations for s t t l_eie e of il d , r angle which the beam describes in each e i rl . i ! i 4s a l so `. e utian, and the angle that each axle d , - Passing. required .the• trine iocelities where, according to the pre roads with a single line of rail, will become t t o ut ,to pass from the first the second el . • sufficient in i .. . o t .. e ceas, to ,to trecte n sent e b. a il ea __ a'g be at right angles to the route the ' rice of the new coaches does not of any emu, w ia , ever may be tabled by of the axles '''.h I ' "lf a long experie f• reseen the name of method, two lines would be absolutely necessary. cedes i y the . . 4 tdirection of the beam of that which pre- rablv placed by the side Sea "M. Arnoux will hemost hosou . produce difficulties, • inventions, have rendered great 0 3 ,.°4 t o isquestion, in this state, wis the subject of a special of others, who, by thee: , at present un o ~. , . th o rtati ee s aae academy, which, in acknowledging the an- service to the railways. to an inventor, the " 4 the This is most fl ittering approval ato systems , Proposed solution, expressed a wish thatfor hi,, labours. But ss r e, by should be tried to prove Its value, and to re- sweetest recompense he c-ai desire merely enough to K. Practi M. Arnoux has a•und that it is not . 1' K• tirr i ,, e _ ee, Certain apparent objections. for ' e that time he has - ti ree 4 set himself immediately to werk, and in a ' : lissve merited these 'lnc praises,. , his s e vere , an:., sad t nod , invited the academy ' not only a theory been constaiitly occupier'. in imps:wine ..e , ,_, les e ls, but to see, according to the • • ef 13 al. an. he has I e ten turned I t aY. a practical system at work on an actual . a pn tept . and repolishing l tes '` l ts at s to his work for the purpose of poi:shine . e ha' ter Mad e t• it where the experimental railway it ;we shall state presenty the ins rovernents h made. itt s . Rion , o itand the examinationof it confided to a corn 'lse h whic h At Ara l , Let us first considthe objections that have been er .t h ead, go, the Astronomer Roya , was .. raised against the s•st • •some of its parts. fat l e experim. ern, or against . It has been said, oofpies, of i " 4 th from eel M. Arnoux, at St. Matel6, did not The great number 0_ an fromwhichthe chains composedrender the • 'stem tes a ?raotl ee, 6 ,0001. to 8,000/. All sorts of obstacles to .are many accidents • " but tension, ei er leg, cressisuch r , as inclined planes ascending and (le- the chains have no .. s, since the traction is' Wa k es in %a on - g ° f • ways, straight lines joinel to curves, as we have seenerformed by the tirnons ; beside te. "mit int e r'P es ite dire •succeeding other • above, a chain has been detached on e e oen , . ri teeslo _ direction, each ... tan route, without an) I arm being done. lb (' In the eel and also curves of very small radii, out thiee Perim It is added that the system is more complicated than h'ch is ttia3ed eire .quarters ee eutal rail in question, w 1 c„ , that in common use. To that M. Arnoux it >plies, spin, t ult. }, T hin u a ' a mile in length,for t m he in ere i" a When it is observed that the main bolts, the c;Owes, 4 4 ; lilted t-e p o i nt . rningement permitted and the timons are substitutes for the guard plat a-A3 often as es, . su t with ou . v of departure as ~ grease boxes, the buffers, the traction and - air ed to ru n ' stopping, thus enabong the .percussion -m • All as grea s t d'''' , . could be de- springs, and . their iron . bolts,. as well as the braces, and tatha se t hen that remainedistanace as ascertain whether the connecting chains, it will be found that there 'is no 1 11. 41• 11 ,7 11 % a, necessary to be don e w s to to test the s"stem of co aparison to be established either in the number, in the weight, or . in the value cf these essentials ; the error ~t 1 roil s x effectually as regarded strength, injury to cannot exist when . the actual . coaches are seen." The eitil oyeA , d uration of the wheels, and the mechanism I „,..tie r , 2 4 to give the axles the intended and proper di- new coaches, in fact, weigh half a ton less than the others, and cost . 'theta 241. lees, t 't)ti ot , 'to examine well the effect of curve • loco others, , 4r e . " -- ettrves of less radius than It is again said, that the coaches are higher than Of , a • say engineer woull on the other railways. This is • . a r Perienee in a regular railroad, viz., a small circle those It % agi , Sif t „ Ili of only 18 metres, completely closed, joining which an actual survey of them will immt diately destroy. LI% e r s' the principal road (i, e. the closed circuit) by Further, that the axles support their charge in the ' r ed asie hes of curves of 30metres radius ; once • middle of their length. This assertion is not founded tlit_. ill the the train could run over it indefica on facts ; M. Arago laboured, like persons less ac ii.y, circuit,quainted with the subject, under this error ;in principle Ar a the charge was supported at 50 centimetres from tt 4 Peti„, go, after having described the nature of the vo "'ehtal train. corn d f l t• ' • w a pose o a ocomo ire engine and .ofthe axles. then M. Arnoux ha s e centre b rought - I , ggnns it nearly to the extremities, by increasing the diameter ti 4 `.. h e , examines the system itself. netnYstere "he " • lofthree d' of the support of the springs. Of Parts," , says, is compose( Again, it is said, that the horizontal movement of the each . It will be right to point out the effects • Th e beds of the carriage experiences a friction equivalent to lh fir that of the flanges of the wheels ; but it is equivalent kth I t—the articular and • lof d' .t -,,,a e fi r ., o'ly in part, since the friction takes place at the entry „e' es _'t axle of the coach, s of the curves, while in the ordinary system line ogres 'cleof 'cond—the common means of directing the first F. each it exists throughout the whole passage of the train upon Tta laall of the coaches that follow. Ne e• 3 's-the m of • • • each carriage the ellives. k is ;see . eans giving in The only serious and real objection which prevents flea t "on which the first axle has already deter- Th 0 thethe system of M. Arnoux from being geometrically per- Vas e e rs , axle of the second. feet is, that the axles take their obliquity a little too Iv ''" means consist, as has been stated, of iron ; h ese tth , bent prongs, furnishedwithsmallwheels, soon, inasmuch as the directing axle the moment it en 4acli -ueel tars the curve forces the second, which is still in the h„ oed , .s move pretty-nearly horizontally, slightly - direct • • Ifat right angles to the curve straight part, to itself si ng l ean inside and out, from top to bottom, and in rol o'aett et " against the d th t the vertical into which it is tibout to enter. There, in fact, a resist es the rails, e ges, or ra er agains tis w e l l _ s! These directing wheels, when they . amen is crested, which acts during a time, though cer eat a adjusted, • at t yvhother resistance t e h , experience no tainly very short, but which is, nevertheless discernable. At the egress of the curve the same effect is produced Pp on arises from the rolling, for the axles which °lle 4 hem hinders a . in an inverse ratio. But to this it may be replied that aa atit a i them from ever bearing by their the friction lasts but a trifling period, and that it is, s eel s surface on the rails. The centres of these ea are e e ß i e, Is t th us maintained . , of right moreover, of that kind ivhich the ordinary waggons at four summits a ' -a "ert the constantly experience in circulating carves. Entity et . , e opposite rails, with a very little If a guide wheel were to break would the train be ex guiperi„ la Y. se e has proved the advantages which these delticehY t o 1 wheels Present. Th guide wheel was taken off, and the train stopped itself. made the ree ' e , a te the reel tFeery hasave never shown any ten- But when an axle breaks there is no remedy ; the e .ade e e - "Le ;the surface,'e been no breaking dewn brealiiier of an axle is a very serious accident, that of a ' l4 hed lleft item which was worn rapidly when d 7 Wi th . • showed no perceo ' ible wear when fur- se s gin e w "eel much less ..o. A S circular bands of • It is said thee n. i her a partite coaches nor the whole °f A S to te e _ steel. I a ch ear eneans employed for direstine the first I tram cat, he moved baclewards. As to the separate axle . . n ge, they a-e unexceptionable - i n Le ts s ;ffi tent tier the purpose to render the two , eeotne e ''''' ''' ' ' 1 ' ' 44tlea.twil • . - ` 4:14 beam. , e , t is ordinary carriages goes through the * rod which connects the coaches •Iran The 1 .. e tch . world , tinum is eaployed tor brevity's sake, instead of inflexible i to gether, as before stated. axles of each coach fixed and parallel ; this result is ar rives at by means of a simple bolt passing through two holes, corresponding with etch other, pierced in the two crowns of each one serving the trr_nsom uh_te, the other the bed plate. As regards the whole: train, that can be backed equally well ; for this purpose M. Arnoux applies the means which the commission of the academy pointed out to him ; he places at the tail of the train a coach, the hind wheels of which are furnished with guide wheels, and on the fore b,,41 ,:f each a little crown, the same ai on the hind bed ; each crown carries some chain ends, and to connect them it is necessary to take the rods of the other chains. As to the mode of connecting the coaches, it is effected very easily; the two halves of each timon (inflexible iron rod) being pierced lengthways with a screw groove, are brought together by a screw bolt, this screw bolt being turned by a screw key fitted to a nut which passes up ,n the hilt. The directing chains are then fastened by hooking the rods to the chain ends fixed to the beam crown of the carriage which precedes, and to the fore axle crown of the carriage which follows; these chains are tightened by the screws which attach them to the crowns, which terminates the operation. M. Arnoux, as we have said, has introduced important improvements in his system; the first consists in giving freedom to the axles to turn of themselves, independently of the wheels. For this purpose instead of fixing the main bolt through the centre of the axle, he fixes it to a collar which encircles the centre of the axle. At its extremity the axle is similarly encircled by two collars, which press it sufficiently to prevent its turning except where the wheel grips the spindle. In the experiments which are daily made on the Sceaux line, it has happened many times, arising as much from the friction, which a new material always experiences, as from other causes, that the axles have turned in the collars, which proves that if this freedom were not left to them, the wheel would have heated, or at least that the friction from rolling would have been changed into friction from sliding. The second improvement introduced by M. Arnoux in his system, and which seems to us to be altogether inherent in the mode of infltxible and inextensible car riage beds which constitutes it, consists in a break of a particular kind by the means of which all the wheels can be instantaneously stopped ; this break is worked by the stoker, the handle is upon the tender, below the coaches are some rods which are hooked to the central collar of the axle, and which go the whole length of the train ; the moment the handle acts, the first rod has its effect upon the breaks disposed nearly the same as in the diligences on the common roads, the movement com municates itself from one rod through the whole length of the train. We find but one objection to this break, and that is that it cannot be worked except on the ten der and on the last carriage, thus the conductors of the intermediate coaches cannot work it independently of the movement which proceeds either from the tender or the hind carriage. A train on the Sceaux railway has at its head a loco motive engine, of which two axles only, the fore and hind, are directed by the guide-wheels, but each axle carries its guide plates ; the locomotive, therefore, is al together independent of the rest of the train, it directs itself, and does not give direction. Afterwards come the tender and the other coaches, which are fastened to gether. The necessity for having a uniform material, of which all the beams are of the same length, has induced M. Arnoux to give to his tender a different form to that of the ordinary ones ; it resembles one of the coaches of the train ; in front is the place for the coals, behind and at the bottom of the coach is the water cistern, and above this cistern a sort of cupboard for tools ; the tender is terminated in the hind part by a watch-box with win dows, and furnished with two seats ; from this box a conductor has a view of the fore and hind part of the train. The coaches consist of saloons, and first, second, and third class divisions, and are very carefully fitted up. The tares from Paris to Sc: aux are, saloon 10d., first class 7d., the second 5d., and the third 3d. The appearance at each terminus is singular, you see the whole train ranged in a curve, the bodies of the coaches forming direct right angles, while the axles con verge to a point of the station indicated by a flag. The station bears no resemblance to others ; here are no mulcipliciiy of rails, no needles, no turning plates, no straight lines. The station itself is oval, having the form of a racket bat, the outlet being, as it were, the handle. A single line of rail forms the circle of the station, and the train arriving to discharge its passengers is in a posi• Lion to quit again and make another journey. In prac- tice at aux and Paris, when the arriving train is near at hand, the departing one starts, and leaves the circle the moment the other has entered it. On starting from Paris the curves immediately com mence, for M. Arnoux seems to have been willing to give at once a high idea of what his system promises —curves of 300, 150, 50, and even 30 metres radius! The engine is seen twisting and accommodating itself to all the caprices of the road, and heading the train, the whole appears like a supple serpent moving over the yellow sand. From Bourg-la-Reine to Sceaux the distance by the carriage road is 1,600 metres, about ten yards less than a mile ; the difference in level between these two points is 30 metres, 100 English feet ; to have gone direct from one place to the other it would have been necessary to make an inclined plane of 1 in 50, but the condition of the law imposed the obligation of ascending by irregular planes and short curves. For this purpose they adopted a slope of nearly one in a 100, being exactly 11 metres in 1,000 upon a distance of 3,510 metres. The railway route from Bourg-la- Heine is a straight line of 1,500 metres to the station of Fontenay-aux-Roses, then a sudden curve of 36 metres radius takes you back parallel to the road you have travelled for half the distance, then by a second sudden curve you ascend the hill still higher, then a third, then a fourth, and finally you reach Sceaux. The route may be compared to a zigzag sheep walk up a hill side. The line subjected the system of M. Arnoux to a severe test, which it has stood triumphantly. In regard to speed, which is no object on this short line, 24- minutes are occupied on the route, there being three stations on a distance of little more than five miles, which require much time for discharging and re ceiving passengers, express trains, without stoppages, however, have gone at the rate of 37 miles an hour, not withstanding the numerous abrupt curves and steep ascents before pointed out. 6 16 1 X P 10 0 e e ... 4%