The Sun. — London, England, 1846-05-28 00:00:00

EPSOM RACES. The great event brought to an issue yesterday after.. noon, taken as a betting race, was perhaps one of the least profitable to book-makers that it has ever been our task to describe, owing, we conceive, less to the growing importance of the Spring Handicap than to the heavy losses sustained by some of the leading specula tors in Capel-conrt. And if it showed a falling off in the amount of money at stake, it, until recently, pre :sewed few of those exciting movements amongst the favourites that gave so much importance to the transactions at the corner, the only remarkable features having been the infatuation with which, in the face of warnings that, if net given in direct words, were suf ficienily intelligible to all but the wilfully blind, thousands were lavished upon animals that the publi' lied reports of the betting must have told had no earthly chance. But if the race lost caste as a betting event, it has sustained its supremacy with the public. In truth, the enormous extension of Derby clubs, which are now established in almost every house of entertainment in the kingd m, temperance hotels not excepted, has diffused an interest amongst all classes, and thus created an inducement to witness the denouement of a race in which their hopes and fears had been so deeply involved. The benefit to those interested in the success of Epsom Races that resulted from this mania, was seen yester day in the immense crowd gathered on the Downs. The Hill, the Corner, both sides of the straight run in, and every spot of the ground that afforded even a glimpse of the course, was covered The splendour and animation of the scene, heightened by the beauty of the weather, and the gay colours that met the eye in every direction, have never b. en sur passed. There certainly was a falling off in the number of horsemen, but this might have been expected ; the removal of the circle, or ring, on the hill, and the an nouncement that the betting, as well as the saddling, would be in the vicinity of the Grand Stand, took away the chief inducement to equestran:z e and thus caused the throng near the ending post to be much greater then we have seen on any former occasion. The Stand was the centre of attraction to all who preferred to them selves a cool and comfortable enjoyment of the racing. The character of the visitors was, perhaps, less aristo cratic than of old, but a more fashionable display we have never met in this spacious, and, as now ordered, most convenient edifice ; in mere numbers, the attend ance was unprecedented, and the receipts, we trust, will have satisfied its enterprising proprietor that his efforts to elevate the character of the meeting, and to consult the convenience of all classes, have been appreciated. The large room at the western extremity, with the lawn in front, the latter rendered available for the pur pose of business, by the erection of a circular rail way in the centre, was understood to be devoted to the use and behoof of the subscribers at " the corner ;" the crush, however, was so great as to lead to a suppo sition, that many found their way in, whose features would not be recognised at Tattersall's ; whereat the bona fide subscribers grumbled exceedingly. Apart ments were reserved for the use of the Jockey Club and their friends, and the magistrates, still leaving ample room for Mr. Careless, who, as usual, had the care of the refreshments. Immense as was the crowd within the Grand Stand, the proprietors of the minor ones had no reason to be dissatisfied with their share of patronage ; they were, one and all, full to overflowing. In short, not to be prolifix on features that have been so often de scribed, it was a " grand day," in the fullest sense of the word ; it proved that John Bull has lost none of his relish for a sport that throws all others into the shade. Having treated of matters preliminary to it, we may now Ledow our attention upon the race itself. The start was fixed for half-past two; and trainers having, by 'permission of Sir Gilbert Heathcote, walked their horses round the large paddock contiguous to the " pull-up," were, on the elevation of a large flag on the roof of the !stand, conducted to the course, and having been saddled In front, and passed the ordeal of criticism before the anxious thousands congregated in this vicinity, were, with nearer approximation to the time than is usual on great races, cantered round to the starting-pOst. Mr. Hibbard's efficiency as a starter was a guarantee that the event would come off without a repetition of those irri tating disappointments which, in the " good old times," were the unfailing preludes to the Derby. One failure Only occurred ; at the second attempt the horses quitted the post, and at five minutes before three a movement amongst the horsemen on the hill, followed by one long prolonged shout from the stand, proclaimed the start for The Derby Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h ft, for three years old ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b ; the owner of the second horse to receive 100 sovs. out of the stakes, and the winner to pay 100 sovs. towards the police regulations of the course Last mile and a hal'. (193 Subs.) Mr. Gully's Pyrrhus the First ...(S. Day) 1 Mr. W. Scott's Sir Tatton Sykes.... General Shubrick's Brocardo (Holmes) 3 The following also started, but were not placed : Lord Maidstorie's Tom Tulloch . (Nat) 0 Sir G. Heatlicote's cby Hetman Platoff... ...... (Chapple) 0 Mr. Johnstone's Grimston (Lye) 0 Mr. Drake's Bold Archer Lord Chesterfield's Ginger (Duffle) 0 Sir J. Hawley's Humdrum (Sly) 0 Mr. Meiklam's Fancy Boy . (Templeman) 0 Colonel Anson's lago (F. Butler) 0 Mr. O'Brien's The Traverser . Mr. Drinkald's Widred (Mann) 0 :Mr. E. Peel's Spithead (Francis) 0 Lord E Russell's Sting (H. Bell) 0 Sir R. Bulkeley's Joinville (Bumby) 0 Mr. Merry's Peri colt 0 Mr. M os t yn ' s c by Phoenix—L'Hirondelle ......(Marlow)o Mr. E. R . Clark's The Conjuror .. ......... (E. Edwards) 0 Mr. Wall's Crown Prince Gurney's Cantle (Wakefield) 0 (Pettit 0 I camsay's Malcolm a.ord Orford's Blackie (Whitehouse 0 Lord Eglinton's Sotades (Manion 0 Count Batthyany's Tragical .... (Crouch) 0 Mr. Balehin's Sir Edmund (W. Balehin) 0 Mr. T. Powell's Holloway Betting at Starting.-5 to 1 agst Fancy Boy-8 to 1 agst 12 Etirondelle-10 to 1 agst Tom Tulloch-10 to 1 agst Sting --10 to 1 agst Sir Tatton Sykes-10 to 1 agst Conjuror -11 to 1 agst Humdrum- 15 to 1 agst Peri colt-25 to 1 agst Brocardo--25 to 1 agst lago-40 to 1 agst Nanette colt-50 to 1 agst Joinville-50 to 1 agst Sotades-50 to 1 agst The Traverser, and 100 to 1 agst Grimstone. Sir Edmund jumped off with the lead, Humdrum, Blackie, and a rush of horses following him for about 200 yards. Blackie then took up the running, attended by The Conjuror, Sir Edmund, The Traverser, Joinville, Tragical, Grimston, and Spithead ; Tom Tulloch, Sting, lago, Brocardo, and Fancy Boy lying in advance of the second ruck, and in the rear, last but one, Sir Tatton Sykes. They ran in this order at a good but far from a superior pace, to the commencement of the turn, Sir Tatton there being last but four, and as some of his friends who were stationed there, imagined, altogether out of the race. The Conjurer here went up to Blackie,, and went on with a slight lead, until half way between the turn and the road, when both having had enough of it, the running was taken up by Grimstone, Brocardo, who had reached the front rank at the t,urn, taking the secon d p l ace , J o i nvi ll e t hi r d , T om _lag% Sting, Pyrrhus the First, and Fancy Boy next, w e ll UP, and Sir I:atton Sykes also getting into the first flight in coming to and the bend. This order was kept until within a i di stance and a half of home. Grimstone then gave way, Sr Tatton Sykes went in advance, followed by Pyrrhus rieFirst, Brocardo third, and Joinville fourth, in which re latotiodio they neared the Stand. Sir Tatton's lead then began and at the centre of the inclosure, Sam Day, callin g upo n his horse, r e a ched him in the last two or three strides, and won by a neck, beating—not the horse , but his rider, wh o was too much exhausted to finish ; Brocardo third, about a length from the winner, beating Joinville not more than a head. Tom T u ll oc h, Sting, lago, and Fancy Were well up but so close togethe r that we cannot sa y de cisively whichwas fifth ; our opinion leans towards Tom • Tulloch. There seems to be no doubt that Sir Tattoo Sykes `would have won had he not laid so much out of his ground an the early part of the race, or had Scott been in a condition to make the most of him at the end. Sting too lost his chance in consequence of Spithead hav in g cr o s sed him , and obliged Bell to pull back and go round his horses—a eir- Ivamstance that led to a complaint of foul riding against 'rancis. Fancy Boy was still more unfortunate; he was badly kicked twice before the ra ce, and in runnin g round the 'urn, was run against, and almost knocked down ; he was looking well at the time, an d n otwithstanding the loss of ground consequent on he accident, finished respectably. The race was run in 2 min. 55 sec. Previous to starting, The Conjuror was objected to on the score of age, and a counter objection was made by Mr. E. R. Clark against Tom Tulloch. The Carew Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 30 added ; three years old, 7st 101 b ; four, Bst 111 b ; five, 9st 21b ; six and aged, 9st 61b. Mares and geldings allowed 31b. The winner to be sold for 120 soya. One mile. Mr. Mostyn's c by Hetman Platoff, out of Miss Thome sine, 3 yrs (Whitehouse) 1 Mr. Ramsbottom's c by Mus, out of Belvidere, 4 yrs - Mr. Wl , :iker's The Attorney-General, 6 yrs ..... (Lye) 3 Mr. York's Bletsoe Lass, 5 yrs Betting—Even and 6t05 on lietman Platoff colt Won by three lengths. The winner claimed. The. Polesdon Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 30 added ; three years-old, 7st 101 b ; four, Bst 101 b ; five, 9st 21b ; six and aged, 9st 61b, Mares and geldings allowed 31bs. New T.Y.C. Mr. Dr ewa tt' s P ru d ence , 4 yrs .. (J Howlett) 2 Mr, Fo r d' s Th e Attorney, 4 yrs .......... Mr. Walk er ' s The Nobbler, 5 yrs ..... (Lye) 3 The follow- in c ,(ng varlet Runner— also started, but were not placed :—G_en. S. Scott's Flat Duke of Rutland's Alexa—Mr. the Taitol F ,"h—Alr. Osbaldeston's sister to Devil among son's Grlt7,man: G. Heathcote's f by Liverpool-3dr. John son's Gad to 2 g t Ipexa-4 to 1 agst Attorney-Gene ral--", to I agst Liv a el: s o Wo - n by half a length i :j i l e tp—and 5 to 1 agst Prudence. Nobbles a bad third. The winner Th e Burgh Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 30 added ; three yrs old, Bst 21b andr, Bst 111 b 41b; mares geldings a n owe e d gr. ; six, and aged, `9st sold for 80 sovs. Last half-mile. ba. The winner to be 31r. Cooper's Caen, 6 yrs ............ 11r. Fo:d's br c The Attorney, yrs .................. (Nat) 1 also startea, but wer.e...n.a..p:lioaCe—d;l:r.—...o.lll:rb.al3.: Mr. T. Waives The Nobbler, 5 y rs .......................... 2 The following Lucile—Mr. E. Batson's Mal,vBo4,._i _trit—onio—alr S. S. Douglas's T. Dawsou's deston's 13rother to Sorella—Mr. T. Smith Smith's Brompton—Mr. Greville's M intg•anerie • Betting 2 to 1 against Caen and 4 to 1 against Matilla Won in a canter by two len g ths ; Nobbler a bad third, a n d great tailing amongst the ot hers. LATEST OAKS BETTING. 2 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Mendicant 4 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Mowerina 6 to 1 agst Sir C. Monck's Vanish 8 to 1 agst Treen's lot 11 to 1 agst Mr. Preston's Osprey 12 to 1 agst L ird G. Bentinck's Princess Alice 25 to 1 agst Lord Orford's Prussic Acid HoNrroN.—On Monday night, the 18th instant, a fire broke out in the High-street of this town, by which seventeen dwel lings were destroyed by the flames, and at the request of the Rev. V. H. P. Somerset, the rector, Fred. Kitson, Esq., and several other re spectable inhabitants, an inquiry was made before H. R. Aberdeen, Esq., coroner, as to the cause of its taking place. The jury, after some consideration, returned a verdict that the said dwelling-houses were wilfully and maliciously set on fire, bat by whom no evidence appeared.— Western Times. The match at eriekot between the University and town of Cambridge was played on Monday and Tuesday, to the dis comfiture of the former. The number scored by the University at two innings was 213, and by the town at the first innings, 209. The townsmen had, therefore, only seven to score at the second innings, "491-/- I SakitiroArmayeeterdsy. LITERATURE. THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF FREE NATIONS. Vol. I.—The Greeks. Vol. IL—The Dutch. By W. Torrens M'Cullagh. These volumes display great research, vast store of historical knowledge, an intimate acquaintance with the relations between the various states of ancient Greece and those of the United Provinces of Holland, and at the same time combine with much learning the most rational views on the causes which led to the astonish ing wealth, power, and fame of these distinguished com munities. Many of the false notions respecting the greatness of Greece, the superior virtue, or patriotism, or bravery of certain divisions of the country, to the disadvantage of others, and the high ideas instilled into youth at our public schools, not of the in dustry, perseverance, and commercial activity of the Greeks, but of their skill in war, their matchless bravery, and their principles of training youth, in many respects so objectionable, are justly exposed and the real merits of the people brought into full view. The remarks on this subject in reference to the absurd praises bestowed upon Spartan legislation and Spartan bravery show judgment and a real knowledge of what consti -, tutes a nation's greatness : - - - - " Among the numerous perversions of truth which are systematically foisted upon our youth through the medium of the miserable things entitled school-histories, there are few more immoral and corrupting than the fabulous tales of Spartan virtue. For anything that appears to the contrary in these lying epitomes, the national and social excellence of Greece might be taken for a plant indigenous, specially in Laconia, and ch'efly cultured there, though a few of its Golden seeds were shed from time to time over the barren hills of Peloponnessus and lonia. The delusion is, however, thanks to better habits of historical inquiry, beginning to disappear. We are getting somewhat clearer conceptions of the parts respectively played by Corinth, Samos, iEgina, Chios, Megara, and the other enterprising secondary states in the season of Greek youth and prime; and learning to mete with truer measure the praise so long engrossed, under false pretences, by one which, with vaster resources than any of them, did less for the literature, the arts, the industry, the social elevation, or the constitutional freedom of Greece than the least of the three score city-states around her." This is a fair specimen of the author's views, but gives only a very imperfect sketch of his acquaintance with Greek history, his selection of circumstances which con tributed to the superior prosperity and wealth of certain states as compared with others, and the comprehen sive outline given of the commercial, poli tical, and domestic institutions of this celebrated people from their very eornmerwement, " when their Hellenic ancestors had come from steed-famed Thes saly, and imposed the impress of their worship and their rule on the Pelasgic race," to the period when cor ruption and disunion weakened the different states, and they began to yield to more powerful neighbours. The volume on Holland, though it was nothing classical, is no less interesting, because it shows what really esta blishes and constitutes the greatness of a people, what can be done by industry, perseverance, and the observ ance of public faith, end how superior was the practical knowledge of the Dutch to the vague and endless theories of the ingenious Greeks on government, both as regards the power, the wealth, and the independence of a country. In these respects the Dutch leave the Greeks, and perhaps all other nations far be. hind. " Holland," says the author, with perfect truth, " as she stands at the present day, is the greatest fact in the industrial history of free nations. Not only have the Dutch done more in days gone by, with less means than any other people in Europe for maritime discovery, enterprise and trade, and for the practical application of sound principles of banking, insurance, public credit, and currency ; but, despite their unparalleled necessities and financial difficulties, they have in the main pursued a more consistent tone of liberality in trade than—with the single exception of the Swiss—any other free people to the present time." The volume on Holland gives by far the best summary we have seen of the history of the Dutch, and will be found not only interesting as a his• tory, but useful as a book of reference. COURT CIRCULAR. The following bulletin of her Majesty's health was issued yesterday : " Buckingham Palace, May 27, 1846, " Nine o'clock A.M. " The Queen has slept perfectly well. " Her Majesty and the infant Princess are going on favourably. (Signed) " JAMES CLARK, M.D. " CHARLES LOCOCK, M.D. " ROBERT FERGUSON, M.D." Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent arrived at the Palace yesterday morning. His Royal Highness Princess Albert rode out on horseback yesterday, attended by the Equerry in Wait ing the Hon. Captain Gordon. Her Royal Highness visited the Zoological Gardens in the Regent's-park. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge called at Buckingham Palace yesterday to inquire after the health of her Majesty. . . Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester, and the Duchess of Cambridge visited his Royal High ness Prince Albert yesterday. The inquiries after her Majesty's health were again very numerous. The Queen was going on perfectly well last evening. The Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, accompanied by the Dowager Lady Lyttelton, took an airing yesterday in an open carriage and four. _ _ Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Augusta Bruce and Sir George Couper, and their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cam bridge, honoured the Duke of Wellington with their company at dinner yesterday at Apsley House. The Noble Directors of the Concerts of Ancient Music had the honour of meeting their Royal Highnesses. After dinner the Noble Duke and his illustrious guests pro ceeded to the Hanover-square Rooms, to honour the per formance of the Concert of Ancient Music with their presence. Prince Alfred took an airing yesterday in the pleasure grounds of Buckingham Palace. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a general meeting yesterday. There were present the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of Winchester, Chichester, Exeter, Gloucester and Bristol, Hereford, Lincoln, Norwich, Ripon, Rochester, and Worcester ; Earls of Devon, Bessborough, and Chichester, and Right Hon. H. Hobhou.e. VOCAL CuNCERTS, HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS. The third of these classical performances took place on Tuesday evening, and was, we are happy to say, at tended by a much larger audience than either of its pre decessors, and an audience, moreover, which proved by their attention that it understood end appreciated the fine music of our old masters. Miss Birch was unfortu nately labouring under illness of so severe a character as to prevent her being present. Her place was supplied by Miss Ley and Miss Rullo Dickson. The chorus, under the direction of Mr. Turle, was admirably drilled, and no • thing could be finer than the way in which the madrigals (Benet's " All creatures now are merry-minded, and Wilbye's "Flora gave me fairest flowers,") were given. The glees, too, were admirably given by Mr. H. Phillips, Mr. Lockey, and Miss M. B. "By Celia's ar bour" (Horsley), " Oh! Bird of Eve" (Lord Mornington), and "Return blest Days" (Stafford Smith), were enthu siastically encored. Of the solo performances, the finest undoubtedly were " 0 beautiful daughter of Spring" (Beethoven), by Mr. Hobbs, and "In infancy our hopes and fears" (Arne), by Miss M. B. Hawes. SADLERS' WELLS. The last concert for the season took place here last evening, under the direction of Mr. F. Chatterton. Among the vocal and instrumental performers engaged were Miss Maria B. Hawes, Miss Dolby, Mr. Harrison, Mr. Henry Phillips, Mr. John Parry, Mr. Distin and his four sons (Saxe-horns), Signor Camillo Sivori (violin), Mr. Richardson (flute), Mr. Chatterton (harp), &c. The theatre was exceedingly crowded, and the attention and anthusiastic applause which accompanied the execution of the more popular compositions, testified that the numerous auditory fully appreciated the enter tainment. Miss Dolly was encored in Mercadante's " Ah to Riede," and a similar honour was conferrer' on the Distins' performance on the Saxe-horns, on John Parry's "Fayre Rosamond," who of course substituted another comic song for it, and on Camillo Sivori's Fan tasia on the violin, who, following the prevailing fashion for substitutes, gave the "Carnival of Venice." PLYMOUTH, MAY 26.—Her Majesty's frigate Raleigh, 50, Captain Sir Thomas Herbert, which left Portsmouth at one o'clock on Sunday, hove in sight of the citadel with a blue ensign at the peak between four and five o'clock this morning. At that hour she was descried over the Rennie rocks to the east of the harbour, all sail set, with light wind from the northward. At six o'clock, when reaching to the eastward, she hoisted her signals at the main royalmast-head, namely, a yellow flag and a blue and yellow flag over the union-jack, and lowered her main royal. At a quarter to seven these signals were acknowledged by the telegraph at Mount Wise. She then shook a reef out of her topsails, fore, main, and mizen, and tacked to the westward, against a light contrary wind and ebb tide. At half-past nine o'clock she was about three miles to the south of the western end of the breakwater, when she was boarded by Mr. Walker, the harbour-master. She then saluted the flag of Port-Admiral Sir John West, which was answered by the Caledonia, 120, Captain Manly II Dixon. Having been laid close in towards the breakwater, the Ra leigh entered Cawsand Bay, and then reached into the Sound, where her sheets were let fly and sail shortened in good style, and she was wite t r en d o' d clo t c h k e . g T eh h e e r l al ial e e p ie p h ea s r e ah em e s e to ef ea t r h y s her guns skilfully tr i h f, l oo gh re e d h a tthe halt - past , , igate gives great satisfactio n n. L AUN CH OF THE SHIP Yesterday the interesting eve nt of launchingßAßHAMAT a me HL r AchCart-vessel .— of The Mr. arh is ' • well-known ship-builder of Blackwall. di the first class took place at the dockyard of Richard Green, trade under the immediate superintendence of the owner. l vessel of 1,100 tons burden, and has been built for the East India launch came off at three o'clock in the afternoon, before several thousand persons, the dockyard, the Blackwall pier, and every other place from which a glance at the launch could be obtained, being ericraaos:it:y-deodf friends, a s , most respectable assemblage. Lord Ellellborough• ,he First Lord of the Admiralty, Lady Ellenborough, and a numerous afterwards,lady Eilborought, music of a band stationed cliristne.nedAt were invited by Mr. Green to be present on the oc inunedi.toybya few minutes after three o'clock the vessel was of the dockyard vessel glided grace amid h i' e i c th hee th rs e oUSfutahlefosrpmecaltaittioerss;, and d e of the cannon discharged fled on the pier, and the loud-sounding welcome , the •• from a neighbouring yacht moored abreast The vessel plunged several 1 3 : ( I n shore," were struck away, and the ma jestic of Greenwich, when s u li ndred to the bosom of its future element. evas swung round and taken in tow yards into the river in the di rectionby four steam-tugs, who brought her back to the dock, to be there with ma s t s an d r i gging. w co i p i 1 p b e l e *. bo re t a t d o 3 ne fo d r a s n e d . fittined. up ix weeks. After th e launch aTmheag.Barmliceanmt dejefiner was prepared in the mould left, to which the elite of the j i t te r yard. guests and the friends of Mr. Green we res invited. Another large vessel will shortly he launched from the place nex t Grammar the or te h :rement of the Rev. Richard schToohlebasH becomeead vaeant Mastership hy or is to faked: Saturday, Cutler. The election of a success the 30th inst. EXTENSIVE ROBBERY OF BANK OF ENGLAND NOTES, &e,—At the Uxbndge Petty Sessions on Tuesday, Henry and M ar . garet Bamaity, two persons of respectable appearance, brother and Sister, the former living at Harefteld, and the latter at Kensington, were committed on a charge of having been concerned in stealing, in the month of January last, a wooden cash-box, containb,g Bank of England and other notes, with title-deeds, leases, and other securities, to a very large amount, from the Kin's Arms Inn, in the village of liarefield, about two miles from Uxbridge, the property of Mr, John Wet% ill, litaCA TEE SUN, LONDON, TRURSDAY EV:W4ING, MAY 2B, 1846. SINGULAR CASE AT GUERNSEY. THE TURN-OUT OF TRADES. ; v h i g t h c a t s h s e e s , c t u h s e t n o , m ers beware fierate turn-outs, or mere experimental strikes. So long si 4,000,000 o f paupers are waiting to be employed, and capital can live w ith ou t f oo d, th e i nev it a bl e resu lt must with, by ns o i r . of e t f he tam ca p p e i r t i a n lgis w t, be signal discomfiture. If they will venture on the ex periment, let them wa it un til t h e corn -l aw i s re p ea l e d, and th e new tariff passed. The nation will have 50,000,0001. a-year more to spend on manufactures ; Iforeign trade will a l so b e extended, and the much !greater cheapness of all the necessaries of life will enable the labourer to sustain a turn out for a much longer period, at a time, too, when universal commercial activity will render his assistance more indispensable. In the existing stagnation of trade, when the supply of labour is greater than the demand, common sense will [ show him the necessity of postponing his action upon the market to a more convenient season, when greater intelligence and more ripe advice may at least convince him that his wisest policy with 4,000,000 of competitors, ready and eager to jump into his shoes, is to let sleeping dogs lie, to know when he is well, and to keep a good place when he has got it.—Dispatch. (From the United Service Gazette.) The labourer and the capitalist, in the most logical sense, represent the same thing. The property of either is identical ; and the terms by which it is known, ac cording as it is possessed by the one or the other, are convertible. What is capital, but the labour of yester day ? and what is labour, but the capital of to day ? It is capital that pays for labour, and it is labour that gives profit to capital. Of all worldly things, the labourer should reverence capital, help to accumulate it, and strain every nerve to increase its profits. Money is capital, and capital is money. The labourers' wages are thus paid by capital. The more capital there is in com parison to the supply of labour, the higher must wages become—the greater the supply of labour in proportion to capital, the less will labour be remunerated : and, therefore, where there is less money than there are men, money will be of the greater value, and men of the lesser. Hence, in all poor countries labour is cheap, and in rich countries dear. In Ireland, where, men are more abundant than money, wages fall to 6d. ; in England, where there is more money than men, they rise to 2s. 6(I. ; in America, where there is more land than ploughmen, they reach 4s. What unre deemed blockheads, then, must those men be who, in their stupid cant, think they serve the cause of the work ing men by emptying the vocabulary of Billingsgate bfyorwlahboosue r enterprise, ; or w h uponskill a t h n a d t a c e l t a i s y s i t y o a h g e e s e o a m r e m u f o n u i n ty d ' with tongue set in cheek, and knowing wink, endeavour, in inflated bombast, to inflame ignorance to madness against the only hand that can help it, at the biddirg of a Stanhope, the signal of the Morning Post, or tie bribe of Bentinck, or the foolometry of Bond-street. If all capital were exhausted in wages, where would there be employment for the next generation of la bourers ? To melt all profit down to wages is less an injury to the employer, than a robbery of the industry of our posterity, in order to pamper the labourers of the existing generation. The sooner capital is ex hausted, the earlier must employment cease—the more profit labour produces, the greater is the temptation to embark capital in the extension of employment, and the higher consequently must wages become. It is equally evident that the higher profits and wages are, or, in other words, the dearer the commodity is which is produced, the less it will be bought, the demand will fall off, and with it, of course, both wages and pro fits. It is a self-adjusting process, requiring neither combinations amongst masters, nor strikes amongst men. If wages encroach on profits, capital ceases to employ labour, and wages fall—if profits encroach on wages, more capital 15 tempved so cuiLtAvlz in the trade, the demand for labour increases, wages rise, and the balance is re-adjusted. In the silk manufacture, which is protected by a duty of 30 per cent., neither profits nor wages are higher than in the cotton trade, which is unprotected—the monopoly only tempted more capital to compete with that already embarked, and induced more weavers to enter the trade. Even the corn laws have done nothing for present profits in land. As rents rose, capital sought investment in the soil, until three per cent. has become the average profit of landholding. Let us not be misunderstood. Our labours in the cause of the repeal of the combination laws, are better guarantees of our sympathy with the working classes, than any mere hollow professions or empty asseve rations. As to the perfect moral and social right of labour to strike for more wages, there cannot be two opinions among sane men. The bakers strike against the public for a rise in the price of bread —the farmers at Mark-lane carry back their wheat, or hold" it, if the price does not suit, which is just a turn-out against the millers for a rise in grain. The tallow, er tea, or sugar merchants, refuse to sell, and strike for a rise in the gains on their respective specula tions ; and the working man, a merchant of industry, who takes his skill, his ten fingers, his labour to market, instead of bread, or wheat, or tallow, or sugar, is of course quite entitled to bring those home again if the price does not please him, and strike for a rise in the profits of labour, as other merchants turn out for a rise in the profits of capital. But, as public instructors and guardians of popular rights, bound to do equal justice betwixt masters and men, and much more, to protect the weak and peaceable against the violent and the powerful, we must, once for all, declare our inextinguishable detestation of all monopoly, whe ther of labour or of profit—of all tyranny or dictation, whether of masters and men against esch other, or, worse still, of men against men—of all invasions of the perfect liberty of every subject of the State, whether capitalist or operative, to " do what he likes with his own." By effecting the repeal of all protective duties en domestic production, the class of capitalists have mani fested a spirit of justice worthy of all imitation ; and by the abrogation of all the privileges of mu nicipal corporations, and throwing open every branch of trade, commerce, and manufacture, to every subject of the realm, instead of confining their pursuit exclusively to guild brethren and freemen of chartered companies, the middle classes have done all that was possible to recognise the commercial equalities of citizenship. Can this be fairly said of the class of operative artizans ? Have they thrown open their re spective crafts to the equal competition of their fellow countrymen ? Have they abandoned their pretensions to a monopoly of labour ? We have seen notices posted upon many factories, prohibiting any man from seeking work from the master, without previous liberty from the hands to do so. To say nothing of their dictation to wards the employer, what is this but a deprivation of the right of their fellow workman to dispose of his labour in competition with their own ? In nearly every trade the journeymen pass stringent rules, to prohibit masters from taking more than a certain limited number of apprentices. But if agricultural labourers earn only 14d. a day, and the batter, or carpenter, or bricklayer, or tailor, can get ss. for the latter to say to th e former, " We shan't admit you into our trade, or permit your sons to be taught as apprentices to it," is to commit a double wrong, by preventing a peasant from improving his own or children's condition, and by rendering it im practicable for agriculture to relieve itself of that glut of labour which reduces its wages below the means of sub sistence. We speak, as we have always spoken, without either fear or favour. We have waged an exterminating warfare with the exclusive privileges of corporations, the tricks of trade, the iniquities of protected manufac tures, and the monopoly of landocrats. It is now time that we should also remind those who have not yet cleared their minds of the prejudices of the protective system, and of the stupid crotchets and inflated nonsense of mouthing, itinerant patriots, that of all oppression the most cruel, and of all dictation the most intolerable, is that which is practised, not by the poor against the rich, but by the poor against the poor. What right has one poor man to say to another that is poorer, " You shall not be suffered to ask leave to work?" or one class to tell another, " You shall not be permitted to learn the mysteries of our craft, because we claim the privilege of keeping the employ. ment it affords entirely to ourselves?" How shall those denounce masters, who go from factory to factory, for cibly to prevent the hands from any longer following their avocations ; march up the lines of railway to pro hibit labourers from earning their bread, under penalty of the most dreadful imprecations, meet importations of workmen from the south at the pier, and threaten them with murder, if they dare to accept of em ployment, or cast vitriol in the eyes, or cast lots for perpetrating the assassination of those who only desire peaceably to earn their daily bread ? There is a reign of terror in Ireland —and exterminating warfare of the poor against the poor —an atrocious system of dictation to the orderly and well-disposed, by the turbulent, the idle, and those who allow liberty only to themselves. Let us have none of that in honest, free, right-minded, intelligent England. We have defended men from the oppression of their masters. We are also determined to protect men from practising tyranny against each other. We have said that voluntary strikes are perfectly justi fiable ; but we must also add, that in our whole expe rience, we never knew them to be wise. What turn-out ever ended substantially in gain to the operative ? From first to last, the war of labour against capital has termi nated uniformly and inevitably in favour of the latter. A great amount of money has been spent, wages lost, and profit prevented from being realised, to the loss of all, and the final humiliation of the labourer, by the reduc tion of wages, conseqcent on the destruction of employ ment. Cork, Dublin, Limerick, have lost large and lu crative branches of trade and manufactures, and Ireland nearly all its mineral commerce, by strikes. Spitalfields has driven the silk trade to the north by dictating an Act of Parliament rate of wages to the capitalist. The trade of Sheffield is rapidly leaving it by the in sane tyranny of the artisans. How can it be other wise ? Capital owes no allegiance to any soil or trade, or manufacture. It cannot be bullied out of its own terms. It will do what it pleases, and go where it A judicial occurrence has recently taken place in the Island of Guernsey, which we feel it a duty to visit with what we conceive to be well-merited censure. It depot of th tls e e n 2 o 7 y th al , named Court for misdemeanour, and near the close of the trial appears Thomas that Curry, apri was vate of arraigned the before witnesses were called to character. One of them was the captain of the soldier's company—Captain Cole, who spoke favourably in defence of the accused. One of the jurats of the Court in giving judgment on the case, said, " He found in all the cases brought before the Court, that the officers gave a good character to the accused. These gentle men perhaps only looked to the qualities of the men as soldiers, but certain it was that they gave good characters to the worst men. Fossey, of the 48th, was one of the worst men in the corps, and yet he re ceived a good character from his officers ; and so it was in almost every case which occurred. He therefore could allow no weight to the testimony which had been given in favour of the prisoner." A more glaring piece of absurdity, in utter mockery of law and justice, it has seldom been our lot to contem plate ; and though the matter ought to be canvassed in calmness of spirit, yet it is almost impossible, whilst pe rusing such gross and insulting remarks, to refrain from giving free vent to indignation. The Learned Jurat no doubt considers d himself perfectly safe upon the bench whilst uttering his totally unfounded calumnies upon brave and bottom able officers of the British army. Caps. Cole could not refuse to come forward and give his testi mony, and to whom are the privates to look for kindness and protection if it is denied to them by their superiors? But it would ba monstrous to suppose that a gentleman over whom such restrictions prevail should falsify his oath, his honour, and his veracity, to screen the guilty. Captain Cole holds her Majesty's commission, and must, consequently, be esteemed a man of firm rectitude, on whom the imputation of a falsehood would be destruc tive to character—he speaks on behalf of the prisoner, and Justice Midas Dobre t coolly insults, not only him, but the entire British army, from the misnomered " judgment-seat." We scarcely know in what terms to speak of this totally uncalled-for indignity upon gentle men infinitely superior to the individual who presumes to perpetrate it. With this and other glaring facts before their eyes, the Government at home cannot fail to adopt some measure for cleansing the Royal Court ; for it is monstrous that a Jurat should decide that the received evidence of good conduct from the officer of a prisoner, given on oath, shall have no weight whatever in the judgment he purposes giving. A writer iu the Guernsey Advertiser of the 18th effers the following remark:— MILITARY HONOURS. H by o th N is O tim U e R inf S or . d e f ( if b the (From the Times.) The army of spirit in which its services have been acknowledged grateful nation ; and the troops are now displaying tr vanquished country or bringing home to their own shore a s the honours and decorations which have been the due reward of their conduct and courage. Our own tribute of admira tion to this army has been neither scantily measured nor tardily paid. In the absence of information, we augured nothing but success from the known character of the soldiers and their chiefs; and when the first shapeless rumours were tortured by our contemporaries into tidings of that disaster and defeat which their ill-omened forebodings had predicted, we combated, by argument and inference, the credit and currency which ill news can always too readily command. It is not in any invidious or ungracious spirit that we now advert to the subject. Our remarks, we are quite certain, will but embody the sentiments of nine tenths of our readers, and give expression to thoughts and feelings which half the nation must have involuntarily ex perienced. It is in itself no slight consequence of the obdu racy which has refused to the Peninsula veterans the rec4m , pense of a riband that at the recurrence and results of every successive victory—of every event which should be the ' signal of universal joy—a body of British soldiers should be forced into a recollection of their own unheeded services, and a vast portion of the public into an unseason able sympathy with their unmerited neglect. It would be begging the question at issue if we were to endeavour to collect from precedents what particular achievements were entitled to decorations and what were not. It seems both rcanvnabt. and up,,,ssry to conclude that the intrinsic merits of the troops should have the forenios - , pls.go in con ferring a claim to such rewards; and instances are not want ing, either in our own history or that of the French, where honours have awaited even the unfavourable issue of a struggle in which success, though not commanded, has been deserved. The intensity and duration of the conflict, the character of the enemy, the nature of the quarrel, the mag nitude of the stake at issue, the critical exigencies of the period, are all considerations which may be fairly added to those of the personal prowess of individuals or detachments. A less equitable criterion, perhaps, is taken from the advan tage attending the event, hen the gratitude of the nation is measured by the benefits acquired, and not by the efforts which acquired them. But, whatever conceivable standard be assumed, we hold it as beyond all question or denial that the veterans of the Pe ninsula are incomparably better entitled to a comme morative decoration than any soldiers whom the last four generations of Englishmen have seen. From the day when Marlborough was superseded on the Scheldt to the day when Sir Arthur Wellesley landed at Mondego-bay—a dis • tance of a century—England fought no great war. If by such title is implied a desperate struggle between two mighty nations, systematically conducted with all the art of strategy and all the force of discipline through a series of complicated campaigns up to a triumphant issue or an equitable compromise, modern England has known but two such—the war of Marlborough in the Low Countries, and the war of Wellington in the Peninsula. The title cannot be bestowed on our faithful adherence to Maria Theresa, on our escape at Dettingen, or our efforts at Fontenoy ; nor on our honourable diversions in favour of Frederic 11., on the subsidies we advanced, or the commander we lent him at Minden ; nor on our grapple with Montcalm in the savage wilds of America, or our captures of Quebec or Montreal; — no, nor on our conquest of Hindostan. The bravery, and perseverance, and success of the nation may be abundantly illustrated from such transactions, but there is no prominent chapter in English history for the great Prussian war, or the great Austrian war, or the great American war. None of these contests called a body of British soldiery into being which stepped forth at a stride, and at once took place above every other. Such a feat was never performed but twice. In 1696 we were sneered at by Louis and Villeroi, and in 1796 by Napoleon and Cannot. Ships we might certainly manage, but as to land-fighting the English were a cipher. Marlborough and Wellington arose, and in 1713 and 1813 our troops had fought their way through the armies of the first military power in Europe to the very frontiers of its terri tory. In the coalition against the giant usurper England's blow was given in the Peninsula. The records of that war are the records of our share in the delivery of Europe; and it is for no less a service than this that a token of acknow- TO THE EDITOR OF THE GUERNSEY ADVERTISER. Sir,—Junius, in one of his letters to Chief Justice Mansfield, has the following note :—" In one of them (referring to a political trial of the day), Judge Aston had the unparalleled impudence to tell Mr. Morris, a gentleman of unquestionable honour and integrity, and who was then giving his evidence on oath, that he should pay very little regard to any affidavit he should make." Thus spoke the indignant Junius, of a corrupt judge. After a long lapse of years, it has been reserved to a Jurat of the Royal Court of Guernsey, to adopt the "unparalleled impudence" of Judge Aston;—Mr. Jurat Dobree has had the ambition to earn for himselt this un enviable distinction. Upon the trial, which has just taken place before the Royal Court, of a soldier of the 27th depot, Captain Cole, to whose company the man be longed, was called as a witness for the defence. Captain Cole's sworn testimony was favourable to the character of the accused soldier ; but Mr. Jurat Dobre.!, dis regarding alike the sacred office of the Judge, and the sanctity of an oath, dared to proclaim, from the judgment seat, that " He could allow no weight to the testun , :my which had been given in favour of the pri sciner." Captain Cole's testimony was in favour of the soldier, and, for this special cause, Mr. Jurat Dobree presumed to cast discredit upon a British officer—q qual in rank—equal in honour—and equal in integrity, to any one of the jurists of the Royal Court of Gurnsey. A greater and more unjustifiable indignity could not be put upon any gentleman ; and no judge would so betray himself, if he felt the sacred, and responsible attributes of his office, and also if he felt what he owed to his own honour. To mark more strongly the partisan spirit of Mr. Dobrea, as a judge, he went back, without right or necessity, to an old case of a soldier of the 48th depot, formerly quartered in Guernsey, with the sole motive, that he might cast an insult and indignity upon the officers of that regiment, not now in this island. Mr. Dobrsia, from political hostility, has deeply compromised the honour and character of the judicial institutions of this island ;—he has struck a blow, fatal for the in tegrity of the Royal Court of Gurnsey—fatal it may yet prove—to its future existence as a judicial body. " Judges," says Lord Bacon, " ought to be more advised than confident. Above all things, integrity is their por tion and proper virtue." Guernsey lately saw the testimony of an abandoned woman—a self-convicted felon—eagerly courted and implicitly credited; by Mr. Jurat Dobree and others, in order that—through this polluted witness—they might strike at the innocence of a soldier, then under trial for an alleged petty offence. Upon this disgraceful woman's evidence, the Royal Court of Guernsey found this inno cent soldier guilty, and sentenced him to imprisonment upon bread and water. The result was announced with a shout of triumph in the Guernsey Star, whose unprin cipled editor is the acknowledged hireling of the faction. The injured soldier was soon proved to hay( been inno cent ; and the Chief of the Court—the Presiding Judge on the trial—felt it his duty to represent the case to the Crown, and her Majesty immediately commanded the soldier to be instantly set at liberty. England will now hear, with one indignant feeling, that, while the Royal Court of' Guernsey implicitly re ceived the testimony of a polluted witness, in order to convict an innocent soldier, a Jurat of the same Court has openly, and from the Bench, attempted to cast dis credit upon the testimony of a British officer of the highest honour, because this officer's evidence was fa vourable to an accused soldier. These are now facts in the history of Guernsey, and few will think that they reflect honour upon the administration of justice in this dependency of England. Identified with the British army by past recollections and associations, I know its honour. The honour of British officers stands firm and erect before the world, and bids a proud defiance to those who attempt to tar nish it. lam not personally acquainted with Captain Cole, or any of the officers of the 27th Depot ; but the army feels that they support and uphold the honour and character of British officers ; and Captain Cole, I have no doubt, feels that the indignity cast upon him by a Jurat of the Royal Court of Guernsey, equally in volves the honour of the British Army ; and I am con vinced he has considered it his imperative duty to the service to bring the conduct of Mr. Jurat Dobriee under the notice of the Head of the Army in this island, with a request that it may be submitted to her Majesty's Go vernment. The honour of British officers may be safely entrusted to General Napier, who is honoured by his Sovereign as one of her most gallant soldiers—a soldier sans peur et sans tache ; and Sir James Graham is not the Minister who will permit an indignity to be un justly cast upon the army. In a former letter I expressed an opinion that the course of events passing in Guernsey would, at no dis tant day, call forth the power of the Sovereign, and of the Imperial Government and Legislature. That opinion has not been unjustified. It is now certain that her Majesty's Government have issued a Royal Commission to inquire into the several institutions of Guernsey, more especially the constitution of the judicial tribunals, and their administration of justice ; and it may be safely . . ledgment has been now asked and refused. It is not for a battle or a siege that the reward is required, for the passage of a stream or the capture of a convoy. It is for seven suc cessive campaigns, the least of which would supply a battle equal to any that has ever been blazoned on a medal; the poorest of which would show a siege such as Vauban never dreamt of; and the shortest of which, besides its prominent and deathless glories, witnessed such unrecorded instances of bravery mid sufferings as the Gazettes of years could never comprise. A comparison between this great war and any other of the achievements usually re ferred to is impossible to be drawn. It can supply a parallel to any one of them without suffering by the omission. Take any seige or battle, or advance or retreat, or attack or sur prise—take any exploit which has either claimed or carried off' a decoration or reward, and you may match it, step by step, from any campaLn of the Peninsula war. Nothing ap proaches it but the campaigns of Marlborough. In these— in their bloody battles, in their desperate stormings, in the successive overthrows of the bravest French marshals, and the defeats of the choicest French troops, in the gloomy com mencement and the triumphant close—there is a very re markable similitude. But such resemblance or rivalry exists nowhere else; these two contests stand alone. Next in rank are unquestionably the battles of India; but the subjugation of Hindostan is not a fair subject for comparison. It was a mighty contest, but not a great war. Even if the campaigns of Clive and Coote could be connected with those of Lake and Wellesley—even if the work had been achieved in seven years, by a single army, and that an English one—it could hardly be called so. There was no well-matched and worthy foe for the British soldier —scarcely for the British-drilled Sepoy. Few of the early victories would be memorable, but for their momentous re sults and the strange disparity of the force by which they were won. No partiality can represent Dhoondiah or Holkar as a Soult or Massena. - The mighty enemy was not in the inhabitants, but in the country. This region and this cli mate our troops subdued; and we should be the last to dis parage the merit of the conquest. Nothing could have a greater effect in elevating and ennobling the soldier's cha racter than some of the incidents of this Asiatic warfare. The Indian soldier was an European in a country where that birthright gave him precedence above millions. The Indian officer directed districts and gave law to princes at an age when other ensigns had hardly learnt their facings. If, personally, the foe was often unworthy of his bayonet, yet this fugitive and wily adversary was in trenched behind the most formidable bulwarks of nature. There was the night march and the ceaseless chase, through steaming fol - :ests and scorching sands, over the deep ravine and the deadly jungle. Before a road could be trodden it had to be made. Fullarton's movement against Seringapatam, when we first shook our swords at Tipiioo in 1783—Lake's unrivalled cavalry march upon Furruckabad— and Smith's famous chase of Meer Khan, when our harassed dragoons in one month rode over 700 miles of the roughest country in the world—are exploits without a parallel in their way. Even the hot and eager rush of Crauford's division to get in time for the bloody glories of Talavera cannot match them. We shall not be accused, we are sure, of any incline nation to depreciate the Indian army, or any remissness in advocating its claims; but in postponing them to those of the Peninsular veterans we are doing it neither injury nor discredit. We are not for robbing one army to reward an other. Lord Hardinge and his troops have well won their decorations. A riband at the breast is no exorbitant re compense for fair savage battles, even though the Seikh re doubts and the Sutlej were not like the bloody ford of the Urumea or the fiery breach of Badajoz. But could nothing be done for the best service of all? Could no unappropriated combination of colours be found—no square inch of riband spared— no dangling bit of metal devised—to intimate that the bearer had fought his way through a girdling chain of forts and armies from Cadiz to St. Sebastian; that he had seen the backs of Massena, and Soult, and Suchet. and Junot, and Marmont, and Victor; that he had hunted King Joseph and his half million Frenchmen from Spain, and carried the old regimental colours over the borders of France—compensating the while his want of supplies by his sagacity and courage, and learning his way as he went along? For it was in t he Peninsula that these men were formed. The host which " could go anywhere and do anything" was not carrid into Spain, but was made there. The history of the British army is almost identical with the history of this war. It was here that the different regiments earned that individuality of re nown and character which gives to their otherwise meaning less numbers an historical life and a local habitation. Some few corps had already made steps towards this position— the 12th and 56th at Gibraltar—the 76th and 78th in Central India—the 39th as far back as Plassey. But it is in the records of these wars alone that the regiments, and brigades, and divisions assume so memorable a familiarity of aspect; it is from the Peninsula almost ex clusively that their titles are traced, and their nobility de rived. The war which gave a history to the army, an im mortality to the regiments, and a character to the soldier, is not permitted to give a riband to the survivors. And why? Is it because others would ask if these • were listened to ? Does a repudiation of one debt carry with it a quittance from all others? Is a denial of every obligation the most reputable mode of avoiding the discharge of any? Would an act of honourable honesty be so very dangerous a prece dent? But the 'argument is not less unsound than unseemly. It is extravagant to assert that there are any claims which even approach these in magnitude. Where are they to be found ? The campaigners of Egypt and America may have a claim as against the soldiers of Amoy and Gwalior, but none against the men of the Peninsula. If a medal were asked for Barossa, or a badge for Fuentes d'Onor, stand might then perhaps be made f or Aboukir and a d Bladensburg. But if Fuentes d'Onor and Barossa 'had never been trodden by Englishmen, there would still be the great Peninsular war. It is useless to appeal to the usages of the War-office in the days when these exploits were achieved. Such customs might have been a warrant for circumscribing the rewards at the time, but are none for withholding them now. If medals had continued the ex clusive perquisite of commanding-officers ever since the peace of Paris, there would be less reason to repine. But it was unfair to change the entire system of honours without regard to existing interests. It was unjust to place survivors and successors upon an unequal footing. Of the two courses, the denial of all decorations till the undecorated race of veterans had passed away would have been the more consistent, and the less ungracious. To have left all alike without a recom pense would, at the worst, have been but adhering to a cold and unthankful precedent. To depart from that precedent on a less imperative occasion—to give to the con querors of the Seikhs what is still withheld from the conquerors of the French—and to range these con trasted warriors in the same ranks—is an act of galling in justice. Has the claim been too long deferred ? But even if a plea which is deemed disreputable in a court of bank ruptcy he admitted in a court of honour, in this case it can be overthrown. The claim cannot be statute-run, for it has repeatedly been urged in the interval. Nor is there any judgment or enactment which fixes the limitation of a na tion's liability to a period of thirty years. Statues for deeds of as old a date are erected daily. tis barely a twelve ... trusted that the British Parliament will make such organic changes in the constitution of Guernsey, as are demanded by the advanced intelligence of the age— changes much wanted, in order to secure to the middle and lower classes the possession and protection of all their just rights, and wake their interests no longer subservient to any privileged class. Guernsey will then be appointed to take its proper position amongst the other dependencies of England. F. HAMILTON, Formerly Captain and A. D. C. to Sir J. Hope. Guernsey, Feb. 16, 1846. The feelings expressed by Captain Hamilton are echoed, not alone by the army—they are taken up by the English press, and the British Parliament. A most unwarrantable indignity has been offered to every officer holding her Majesty's commission ; but we already see the day of well-merited retribution approaching. Her Majesty's Government will vindicate the honour of British officers, and will teach Mr. Jurat Dobrea and the Royal Court of Guernsey, that they will no longer be suffered to insult honourable witnesses with impunity. likes, and has this great advantage over its assailants, that when it is idle it does not need to be fed. It may, indeed, be possible to prescribe the conditions on which it is to be employed, but it is not possible to com tpieolnist.s e r m r p , l s o u y m m e e t n o t , dictate i t a t t d e o e t s o not it, a a c n c d e p t o w f i o n s s e e c n o s b d l y steal out of the dictator's company, and join a less re stricted speculation. Meet it everywhere with fetters on its use, and it will noiselessly emigrate to some freer at mosphere. A rr est it, if it be possible, on its flight, and it will altogether evaporate, and leave labour without employment, and its suicidal tyrant without wages. Strikes in such a country as this ! Are there not four millions of Irishmen starving on sixpente a day, and two millions and a half totally without employment ? Are there not a million and a half of unemployed English and Welsh paupers in our union workhouses ? Are there net two hundred thousand Scotch "able-bodied poor ?" Here are upwards of four millions of the people ready to fill up any gsp, or to rush into any port of in dustry that will shelter them from the storm of poverty. Until they are all absorbed into the labour market, fairly paid workmen who strike for a rise of wages, infallibly bring an old house about their ears. Colliers strike for a rise on 3s. 6d. a day, and large importations from Ulster instantly displace the recusants, and create a re dundancy of labour. Weavers strike in Manchester, and Mr. Muggeridge draws hosts of emigrants from Wilts and Dorset to jump into the shoes of the Lanca shire operatives. Liverpool bricklayers and carpenters strike, and shoals of underpaid workmen from Devon shire are glad to get the wages which the local hands despise. British navigators turn out, and a whole colony from Ireland cheerfully accept of re muneration, amounting to seven or eight times what they can earn at home, and so permanently supersede the malcontents, when they offer to resume their work, they are . not accepted. Let this system of strikes go on long enough, and the wages of the skilful artisan will sink to the level of those of the hodmen, and the ya lower beatwu e r r , thatpro profits t a s glut be. m those of the highest - paid districts will equalise th emse l ves with those of the Tipperary serf, or the Dorset s hi re p l ou ghman. Force up wages in any trade, and down ndsueh th a e price thugshreartivweasgweisllarrea,pti be held out to hd indu ce ment to employ capit a l i n t h e tra d e diminishes, the come ll demand for labo ur consequently falls, i t cri m mi . a i; sthi supply ese: a tt ' hhoee f h operatives and wages come down. Where, of course by moderate wages, profits increase, capital is called into the market, employment enlsrliot end WWI mount. Lev the work- TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR. Sir—lt is with very great surprise that I find in your paper of the 9th of February, 1846, the following words ascribed to Mr. H. Dobree. Mr. U. Debris: said : " That he found in all the cases brought before the Court, that the officers gave a good character to the ac cused. These geutlemen, perhaps, only looked to the qualities of the men as soldiers, but certain it was that they gave gold characters to the worst men. Fossey, of the 48th regiment, was one of the worst men in the corps, and yet he received a good character from his officers." If Mr. Dobree so expressed himself (I sincerely hope he did not), he has attempted to take away the charac ter of a poor man: he has impugned the veracity of offi cers and gentlemen, and committed himself to a direct falsehood. Private Fossey, of the 48th regiment, bore an excel lent character at the time referred to, as a good man and as a good soldier. There is no such thing as a good soldier being a bad man, however much Mr. Dobree may think fit to depreciate the military branch of her Majesty's service. The Royal Court of Guernsey (always excepting Mr. Dobree) believed the testimony of the officers of the 48th Regiment, and I have no doubt will continue to do so. Mr. Dobree, in his place as jurat, is at liberty to ex press his sentiments on matters brought before the Court; in so doing he had better confine his opinions to the laws of his country, and things he can form some estimate of, and leave the conduct a nd character of the British army alone. "Ne sutor ultra crepidam." I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant, CAVENDISH BOYLE, Lieut. 48th Regt., and Adjutant of the depa diaing its service in Gcernsey. Kingston, Jamaica, April 3. FIRE AT A CARD MANUFACTORY. Between three and tour o'clock yesterday afternoon, while the workmen were en gaged on the premises of Messrs. Reynolds and Son, card-makers, Vere-street, Clare-market, the heat became so intense, that they were unab le to proceed, and on examining the cause, they discovered the wainscoting of the drying-room on fire. They instantly sent for the engines, and a ss i s t ance was s p ee dily o bt a i n ed. Meanwhile, the workmen._ had procured water from the Xew River main, and on the firemen reaching ,, the spot, the destruction of that and the adjoining aspreventel. The damage done, however, was very ex tensive. MOM T ae firm is insured in the County and Nand-in-Hand, month since her Majesty aecorded to a regiment of the line the privilege of bearing an inscription on their appointments commemorative of their gallantry two and thirty years back. A more becoming course would be to turn our cul pable remissness to the advantage of the sufferers; to assume that a cause so great could only be adjudicated by the less biassed decisions of after years ; to acknowledge the claims as more immovably established from the sevenfold searching and long abeyance, and to proportion at length the reward and the manner of its bestowal to the magnitude of the deserts and the treatment they have hitherto experienced. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. THE EXPERIMENTAL SQUADRON OF 1845. PORTSMOUTH, WEDNESDAT.—The long-looked for report of Rear-Admiral Hyde Parker (accompanied by reports from the captains of the respective ships), upon the performances of the various ships under his command, comprising the expe mental squadron of 1845, has at length been printed and published. The surprise and discomfiture of the detractors of the Surveyor of the Navy must necessar il y be g reat on perusing this report, inasmuch as it establishes the complete success of his ships. Placing that faith in the document before us which as a Parliamentary return it is entitled to, we find Admiral Parker's report agrees with all.the succeeding ones in awarding the palm to the Surveyor's ships. Knowing as we do the anti pathy Rear-Admiral Parker was supposed to entertain for the productions of Sir William Symonds, we are not surprised at the report being unaccompanied by any " opinion" from the gallant Commander-in-Chief; but we regret the circum stance, as it compels us to take the report merely as we find it ; consequently we can only give the result of the trials of sailing or speed without reference to the other essential qua lities of a ship as an efficient man-of-war; but as all the trials were copiously reported in the very figures used in the return, and some nine months before the returns appeared, we shall only now touch upon that part of the do. cument before us having reference to the trials which took place under the superintendence of Rear -Admiral Parker, the report of which has been hitherto withheld. In a word, then, the Queen is declared to have been the best of the three deckers, and the Albion and Canopus the best of the two deckers, in the sixteen trials which took place under Rear- Admiral Parker's command. We subjoin a selection from the reports of the respective captains of the ships upon their qualific a ti ons : The Trafalgar, 120, Captain Martin.—" She carries her lower deck ports longer open than any other ship in the squairon, except the Rodney, and her rolling and pitching being less than theirs, her capability of effectively using all her batteries is proportionally increased. Being extremely weatherly, having great power of using her lower deck guns, being very easy, and consequently having little wear and tear, good stowage, and ample room on her decks, are the Trafalgar's good points. I believe her defects would be corrected in a very great degree if her masts were placed further aft." The St. Vincent, 120, Captain Rowley.—" The St. Vin cent is decidedly a leeward ship in comparison with the rest of the squadron. She rolls deep, but easily, and does not jerk ...train anything. I should say she rolled during the late trial quite equal to the Albion and Canopus. In very light air before the wind, the St. Vincent would run away from the whole squadron—except the Queen. My opinion of the Trafalgar is, that she is a very weatherly ship, and particularly in bad weather, but tke other ships all fore-reached her. The Queen always appeared to me to be a remarkably fine man-of-war on all points. In all mode rate weather, whether on a wind, going free, or before the wind, she has no competitor, the Albion being the next ship to her. With the Queen, Albion, Rodney, and Canopus, the St. Vincent had no chance. In strong breezes and a heavy head sea the Queen also proved herself a very fine ship, standing up remarkably well under a heavy press of sail, and appearing to pitch easily. The Queen is cer tainly much stiffer under a press of sail than the Trafalgar or any of the squadron, the Albion excepted. The Albion's superiority over the other two-decked ships, and particu larly the Rodney, a ship of her own class, consists chiefly in her being much stiffer under a heavy press of sail. In strong breezes on a wind, I did not perceive much difference be tween them, except on one occasion, when the sea was right ahead, the Rodney beat the whole squadron and ap peared much easier than the Albion. In moderate weath er and smooth water the Albion is the fastest ship, and off the wind will always beat the Rodney. Before the wind and in a heavy swell the Rodney would fight her lower-deck guns better, and with more safety, than the Albion. The Van guard Was certainly very much improved from what she was during the preceding crime, and, considering how very light she was, surprisingly stiff under a press of canvass. I could not perceive much difference between her and Canopus on a wind, but off the wind Canopus was certainly the fastest ship although she appeared much more crank under a press of canvass, than the other ships, heeling more with two reefs in her topsails than the Queen and Vanguard with one. She is not so weatherly as either the Albion or Rodney, but fore• reaches considerably. Under easy sail I should say she was steadier than any of the other two-decked ships. have only to add that I have come to this conclasion upon the relative merits of the several ships after the most careful and attentive retching during the late cruise." The Queen, 110, Captain Sir B. Walker.—" I consider the Queen to be a most magnificent man-of-war, in every respect superior to the St. Vincent or Trafalgar, or any ship I ever served in ; she is fast, and had on the whole a decided ad vantage in sailing over every other ship of the squadron. She is very stiff, very weatherly, rolls and pitches very easily and without straining ; she steers and works remarkably well ; her spacious decks are well adapted for working the guns, as well as for the comfort and health of the officers and crew. She can stow under hatches seven months' pro visions of all species for her war complement, and would, if the hold was properly stowed, carry at least 550 tuns of water, and, in my humble opinion, she is the finest ship in the world." The Albion, 90, Captain Lockyer.—" I beg leave to state that the Albion's behaviour during the late trial cruise proved herself to be a good seaboat during the heavy gales ; when under a close-reefed maintepsail, foretopsail, and maintrysail, her motion was remarkably easy in the heavy sea that • was then running, and I am fully persuaded ne ship could behave better. In comparison with other shpt which were all near us at times, I consider her behaviour equally as good as any of them, and they all appeared to roll equally as deep, though I think she rolls rather quicker than the St. Vincent, Queen, Trafalgar, or Rodney ; this perhaps is owing to the want of ballast. Her pitching motion is remarkably easy, and apparently less than other ships. With respect to the other ships of the squadron, I consider the Queen to be by far superior of her class, on all points, either in fine or bad weather. The Trafalgar is rather a more weatherly ship in bad weather; but no sailer, either on or off the wind. The Canopus is equally as quick in her motion as the Albion in a sea-way; she is also crank, as is the Rodney, which is a great advantage the Albion possesses over every ship in the squadron." The Canopus, 84, Captain Moresby—" In keeping station in order of sailing under easy or moderate sail, the Canopus had much the superiority. In reference to the whole squa dron combined, the St. Vincent, in blowing weather or in strong breezes, showed a great leeward propensity ; the Queen, as compared with the last cruise, fell into a doubtful comparison with Rodney, Albion, and Canopus. The Tra falgar maintained her extraordinary weatherly qualities, with want of speed. The Albion, I thought, did not do as well as the first cruise. The stability of the Queen, Albion, and Vanguard, as compared with the St. Vincent, Canopus, Rodney, and Trafalgar, was very apparent. In chasing by the wind in such weather as we encountered during the late cruise, my opinion is that an admiral, having his flag on board the Queen, would have found Rodney his leading ship, Canopus next, then Albion, Vanguard, and St. Vincent, Trafalgar hanging to windward, and picked up on crossing tacks." The Rodney, 92, Captain Collier.—" In the trials by the wind during the last cruise, all of which were in good breezes, always with a considerable swell, and sometimes against a head sea, the Rodney had the advantage of the whole squadron on the 3d, with the Queen,Albion, Trafalgar, and Vanguard, against a head sea ; the Rodney weathered considerably on the Queen and Vanguard, and also on Albion and Trafalgar, but not so much. On the 6th a gale from the north-west came on about sunset, and under a close-reefed maintopsail, fore-staysail, and maintrysail, the Rodney in twelve hours weathered fifteen , or sixteen miles on St. Vin cent and Vanguard, and considerably on all the rest of the squadron, but less than any on the Trafalgar. The Canopus, from her place in the line, has generally been nearest us. I consider her, tinder the weather spoken, the next best ship to the Rodney; the Trafalgar, although weatherly, is not so much so as the Rodney, and slower. I consider the Queen the fastest ship both by and off the wind in fine weather:" The Vanguard, 80, Captain Willes.—" Queen, perfect in all points. Albion, the same, except she appears to have a quick rolling motion in a moderate swell, and to roll deep in heavy weather and before the wind. Rodney, a fine bold man-of-war ; carries her ports well, even with a large quantity of provisions and water on board. Sails well, is generally weatherly, stands well up to her canvass, and is remarkable for her easy motion i n a head sea, but is slow in stays. The Canopus,fast when it does not over blow, is apparently not so stiff under canvass as o ther shi p s of the squadron ; does not stay well in a heavy sea , b ut still a fine man-of-war. Trafalgar, stiff and weatherly, but by no means fast ; requires a strong wind to make herkeepinuc,. com pany well with the other ships, and appea rs to pitch much. The St. Vincent sails well in light winds and smoot x water, i le e wasx;d.. The vat ly and crank when a noblelenitb n loza-shoaftabutr,ry ea a r pp i a ng rently very ea her lower deck guns a good height out of the water; stows well, considering her magazine occupies the principal part of the main hold; is best calculated for heavy weight, and which is required lower down. I consider her superior and faster than any ship in the experimental squadron. She sails bett er t h e last cruise than the first in and consequence weights in s fr t o h lx e i l t o h w e e ir r a p n ro d p m er iz v e l n ac -m es a t s o ts e m ou u n ch ter a a ft e , tthe borr ows loss of of raking the main i b n a g ll w a e st i part of the hold. I feel confident that, if properly stowed and ballasted, in sailing and working not superior, to any ship of the squadron." The Superb, 80, Captain Corry.—" In the trials which have taken place. ' off the wind,' the Superb, on each occa sion, beat all the squadron," &c. The Bat, victualling-buoy, and Rocket, steamer, were un docked to-day, and the Cambrian, 36, docked for repairs. The pendant was hoisted to-day on board the Eurydice, 26, Captain G. Elliot, arrived here on Monday. Rear-Admiral Superintendent A. Parker, C. 13 , went on Admiralty leave yesterday for three weeks. His flag was struck on board the Victory at sunset. The dockyard duties will be carried on during his absence by Mr. W. Purdo, the Master-Attendant, and those of the Ordinary by Captain J. Pascoe, of the Victory.} The Echo, steam-tug, embarked to-day on board the Florentine, freight-ship, at Cowes, four officers and 184 men belonging to the 14th, 23d, 71st, and 81st Regiments, from Parkhurst -barracks, Isle of Wight, for Quebec. The Cornwall, freight-ship, to embark detachments of the 45th Regiment for the Cape of Good Hope, and of the 12th Regiment for the Mauritius, arrived at Spithead to-day. The Camel, lighter, with stores from Plymouth, arrived yesterday. The Grecian, 16, Commander Montgomery, sailed from Rio for Bahia on the 17th of March.— Times. ARRIVAL OF THE O RI ENTAL.--SoIITHAMPTON, MAY 28.—Arrived at the Motherbank at nine last evening, the Oriental, Captain Joy, with the Indian mail. Her dates are —Malta, Mey 14 ; and Gibraltar, May 20; with about 170 passengers. She passed on the 22d, off Lisbon, four ships of war, supposed to be the Russian squadron. On the 24th she passed the packet-ship Madrid, running for Corunna. The Oriental would have arrived here on Monday last, but for a head-wind, which has been dead against her for the last three days. Her mails have just been landed at the South ampton bock, and will be in London to-morrow morning. The Madrid is expected here to-morrow night. EPSOM RACES.—We believe that the plates and stakes run for this season exceed those of any former occasion. In addition to the sum of 3001 . given by t h e le ssee of the Grand Stand, Mr. Dor ling (the clerk of the course) , John Ivatt Briscoe, Es q ., lat e M.P. for East Surrey, the lord of Epsom manor , has a pp ro priated three fourths of the rents of the booths, &c., being in amount nearly 500/, to be run for at the various races during the present meeting, and which has been his usual practice for many years. PIGEON EXPRESS. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—Ina. mediately after the race for the Derby, this afternoon, a carrie r P igeon, belonging to Mr. Oxley, the proprietor of the Windsor Ex press was tossed on Epsom Downs, with the names of the three horses attached in the usual way. Within less than thirty minutes afterwards afterwards the bird alighted en Mr. Oxley's pi h The distance from Windsor to Epsom is very nearly qty eer9 l l the 5 11 "79 •.“.45) straight • - COMMERCIAL POLICY OF THE EMPIRE. A copy of the speech of the Governor-General to the Legislative Assembly of Canada ; and correspondence relative to certain presumed changes in the commercial policy of the empire, were on Saturday issued by order of the House of Commons, on motion of Lord George Bentinck and Sir George Clerk. The following is an extract therefrom, and is the most recent document con tained in the return, being a dispatch from the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone to Governor the Earl Cathcart, dated May 18, 1846. "My Lord,—l have to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's dispatch. No. 40, of the 28th of April, transmitting to me a petition to her Majesty from certain merchants and others, citizens of Quebec, praying that her Majesty will not sanction the contemplated modi fication iu the tariff on wood goods. " I have laid this petition before her Majesty, who has been pleased to receive it graciously, but it has not been in my power to advise her Majesty to assent to its prayer for the reasons which I shall proceed to state. " Her Majesty has -invited the Parliament to adopt the proposal to which the petition refers. " The House of Commons will enter to-night on the consideration of the Customs' Duties Bill, in which this proposal is included, at the advanced stage when the Bill is reported to the House from the Committee of the whole House immediately before the engrossment and third reading. At such a stage it would I believe, be most unusual for the House of Commons to reverse the decision which it has given on the occasions afforded by the various earlier stages of the Bill, and by the preliminary committee, a w n h d i c i h n h r i e c q h u i t r h e e d y , o w r i d t n arespect undergoto t q h u e e m s o o s n t s s e o a f r t e r h a tie, ng examination. Thus, her Majesty having recommended to Parliament a particular course, has had no reason, in the reception which Parliament has given to the recom mendation, to adopt any alteration of it. " But I must not be understood as implying that this is the principal difficulty which obstructs a compliance with the prayer of the petitioners ; there are others, including some of a higher order :—First, her Majesty's Government do not doubt the very high respectability of the petitioners, and would to o e disposed their o p , i o n n i o g n e s neral grounds, to attach great weight ; but her Majesty's Government have found themselves obliged, on a great variety of occa sions, to adopt and to adhere to proposals unacceptable to many of the parties immediately affected by them, notwithstanding their belief in the high integrity of those parties, and their perfect freedom from any con sciousness of an interest that could warp the judgment; and her Majesty's Government cannot but observe on the present occasion, that they do not find any reason to suppose, from the evidence before them, that the opinion of the petitioners with respect to the impending change in the timber duties, is shared by the people of Canada at large, or by their representatives, who, on the con trary, appear to have evinced their intention to abandon reliance upon the artificial advantages which protective laws may confer, and to place it upon the natural and permanent guarantees afforded by the resources of the province and the energy of its inhabitants. " Her Majesty's Government mast seriously doubt whether, if the allegations of the petition were made good in their whole extent, with respect to the disadvan tages entailed upon Canada by her distance from this country, by the dangers of the St. Lawrence, the suspen sion of its navigation during a portion of the year, and by the inferior quality of Canadian timber, that circum stance would have the effect of producing the conviction in this country that the measure now under discussion should be either qualified or abandoned, inasmuch as it would certainly show that the present system could only he continued at a very heavy cost to the nation. " But her Majesty's Government do not share the belief of the petitioners in the existence and in the force of these disadvantages. They cannot forget the pre dictions, the confident, and, without doubt, sincere pre dictions of ruin which attended the progress of the measure of 1842, nor can they fail to contrast with those predictions the great subsequent extension, and the ap parently flourishing condition of the trade at the present moment. " With respect, indeed, to the .disadvantages of dis tance, which undoubtedly affects the competition of Ca nadian with that of the Baltic, her Majesty's Govern-: went have not failed to make what they deem to be a sufficient provision, all things considered, for the charge which it entails, by proposing to retain a protective duty of 15s. per load on foreign wood ; and inasmuch as they can by no means admit that it is the proper office of commercial laws to attempt in general to secure to places which are remote all the advantages of proximity, they trust the petitioners will recognise in the plan as it actually stands, a proof of their great anxiety to give every just consideration to the claims of the parties engaged in the trade, and to those of the colony, so far as its interests may be conceived to be aff ec ted by the question. " Her Majesty's Government look forward to an active competition, under the law as it is proposed that it should stand, and a competition by no means unfavour able to the timber and deals of Canada. Nor is it com petition alone which her Majesty's Government an ticipate ; on the contrary, they conceive, as I have already had occasion to state to your Lordship, that to no inconsidet'ableextent the consumption of Baltic timber is actually auxilliary to the demand for that of Canada, and, therefore, that to this extent a measure which cheapens the first, is likely to cause positive improve ment in the market for the last. F o r these reasons, which I need not pursue into further detail, and for others to which I have thought it unnecessary on occasion to refer, her Majesty's Government have been unable to advise her Majesty to assent to the prayer of the petition transmitted to me by your Lordship, " I have, &c., (Signed) " W. E. GLADSTONE." ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY.—The monthly meeting for May look place last evening, at the rooms of the society in Sack vine -street, Piccadilly. The object of the society is to inquire into the distinguishing characteristics, physical and moral, of the varieties of mankind which inhabit, or have inhabited the earth, and to ascer tain the causes of such characteristics. The secretary, Dr. King, read a paper on the nature of the inhabitants of Batacalda, Ceylon, a race of Moors inhabiting a tract of land on the eastern shores of Lake Batacola, and some villages near the southern end of it; also a paper communicated by Dr. Tochudi, entitled, " Have the ancient Peruvians embalmed the dead, or not in which, although put in the shape of a question, the author contends, and makes out a strong case, that the bodies have been preserved by the natu ral drying of the soil. The secretary said, the questiOn having arisen, and there being some Peruvian mummies in this eountrY it would doubtlessly soon be set at rest by examination.' Major-General Briggs read a paper on the Native Races of India, fa continuation of one which he hadbefore produced. The purport ofit was to prove that there are at present existing in India many millions of a primeval race, who inhabited India long before the incursion of the Brahminical race, who came in from the north, and were net originally the inhabitants of that country. In the first place be com menced by confuting the generally-received opinion that the Sanscrit was the aboriginal language, and showed, on the contrary, that it was introduced by the Brahmins as a learned language, and that !twits spoken now by scattered tribes, or castes, which he would, on a future occasion, prove to be the primaeval race. Major Briggs introduce* the two young Brahmins, who have recently come to this country to be instructed in medicine, and who have distinguished themselves tw their advancement at King's College. They took part in the dis cussion, and defended the }Undoes from the charge of pirating their knowledge of astronomy from other nations, which was incidentally suggested in a discussion which our space will not allow us to give at length. The address elicited great applau;e. The anniversary meet ing takes place on this day. SOCIETY OF ARTS.—A meeting was held yesterday evening in John-street, Adelphl, Alderman H. Hughes in the chair, when the recommendations of the committees of agriculture ant chemistry, fine arts, mechanics and mechanical arts, manufactures, and colonies and trade, were submitted to the members. A correct list of the successftil competitors could not be obtained, as many of the articles were only authenticated by an initial or a motto. On the table were a number of beautittil designs for binding covers of Bibles- The prize specimen was a perfect gem of artistic elegance. So many of the works of art excited the admiration of the members, that it was determined to refer the subject back to the committee for fur therawar co dei nskl w era th ti e on m , in o to rd ri e o r us tha a t r c ti o s m ts pll: .h e o nta s ry .bmi tes t t t l e m d uniform 0 urs on th ials eir cf m li n a o -y ork7 ewers, water mwpaettietrio jugs,ti. There ac., a w n e d r were a tea number tervicc o u f nofspeacfmtheensmoill. ewer i 1 which gave great satisfaction. On the subject . he modelled from articles of the same o , frm but different aun'asanmtiqouste preservedgyrafiseceili of the manufacture of was given by the secretary. Ice size, an interesting explanation alone is modelled, which, i and i s i n believedth e Th N - ra Vatican. n matter how many sinks in the proportion of one-sixth of its bulk, and becomes the mod sizes being g ve e n x p a o r s t e i d cl et to th e required, q a ui cti re o d n , theof thelarg testis o n which a second is formed. The produce of this is again dimi nished in a similar degree in the course of the process, and by tl4 tr means a series of any extent can be obtained of tai them withnedwithout a any vine add tait iti s on call on the labour of the d e s i g ner. Two mode ,, ls ,as of pa o rt u i tt e rt uiar ju ly gs pi W eas_ itt. covers received general approval. san handle and vine foliage, &c., as its ornaments, big. 'she successful patterns will go Perth to the public with the stamp of the approbation of the Society, and are sure te• obtain great popularity. The time of the meeting was so fully occupied by theie details that no paper was read to the Society. , FATAL AFFRAY WITH POACHERS.—On Tuesday night last a gardener in the employ of Major C. F. Winterton, of Fenwick Lodge, Surrey, was awake by the barking of a dog kept on the premises, and thinking that thieves were about he let the dog loose. The animal immediately crossed an adjoining paddock towards an extensive fish-ponl. The man followed, and on arriving at the pond perceived sexual men in the act of dragging the water with a net. The dog, a powerful animal of the mastiff breed, at tacked the poachers, and got one of the men down. The gardener ran back to the house for assistance, and shortly returned to the pond, accompanied by two of Major Winterton's sons and sever d al th o e i f the men servants, when they discovered the dog lying dead, an poachers removing the net. The party from the lodge immediately made a rush at the poachers, who, leaving two of their number to se cure the net, closed with the attacking party, and A d , esper a t struggle ensued. The poachers_ wielde d short bludgeon.% two or three of the serv a nts carried fire-arms, which, at the com mencement of the fray, they threatened to use, but were restraineg by Mr. Robert Winterton, who called out to his party not to fire_ g r:ari ng, ta fi h r a e s d in a g p b is e t e o i l i thrown hiso p d p ozn e n a; d t nearly b lloze throned i ver, , b one u o ta effect In the groin of the poacher. At last the entire body of poachers decamped, leaving their nets behind. In the pursuit that. e n c o r o f t b t e l s e e followed a groom, named Robert Staines, overtook and grappldd. with one of the poachers, near the end of the fish-pond. In the struggle the two men fell into the pond locked in each other's grasp. the water being upwards of twenty feet deep at the spot. After a short interval the poacher rose to the surface, succeeded in reaching the bank, and escaped. The incident being observed by another of the servants, an alarm was raised, and the pursuing party having returned ftom an unsuccessfhl chase, means were taken to recover the body of the groom, which after a time was dragged up, but life of course was extinct. None of the poachers Were recognised as belonging to the neighbourhood. The wounded poach il Tonal= in a very precarious state. FALL FROM A MAST. —Yesterday morning a distress ing accident occurred to a lad, named John Eastman, aged 14 years. which it is feared will terminate fatally. He was engaged In making some repairs on the mast-bead of a vessel lying off Mill Dock, Dock head, when he missed his footing, and fell to the deck with fearful violence. He was picked up by the first mate, who discovered that he had received a severe wound on the head, and other serious in juries. He was conveyed ashore in a boat, and carried to the nearest surgeon's, who, atter affording the necessary aid, ordered his removal to Guy's Hospital, when it was ascertained that he had received con cussion of the brain. He lies in a very hopeless condition. - - MR. JUSTICE COLERIDGE.—We are happy to hear that this Learned Judge is daily improving in health LEGAL t at tth ß e biZIORthU—D that Sir Edward i jili'i N. S ; ug M de A n 37 , l3. s — h oArtly reporetirert i r 0 is m curr L e E n his present office, and leave Ireland. Whatever post be is destined to 1111 elsewhere, his loss in this country can scarcely be repaired ; for a more upright, fearless, able, or painstaking judge never held the Great Seal in any part of the United Kingdom. A new distribution of silk gowns is Spoken of in the ball, Mr. Smyly, of the north-west circuit, and Messrs. Rolleston. Wall, and Christian, of the Leinster Circuit, are the persons for whom the honour is said to be intended. ACCOUCHEMENT OF HER MAJESTY. — The chief rabbi of the members of the Jewish persuasion in Great Britain, the Rev. Dr. Adler, yesterday issued a form of thanksgivblgf e or the safe deli very Of her Maje.sty and birth of a Princess, , t , o , be in all syna.. gogues throughout the United King dom, on S ab bath oif the bth day o Sivau, .s.st.. 5606 (Saturday, MaY 4 : ) .)" Sir Robert anti Lady Peel intend to give a magnificent entertainment on the 9th of June. Lady Peel, the same eventaz, will hold an assembly is honour of her Majesty's birthday. It is iFt * . . .. be a full-dreal party. • . . -