The Sun. — London, England, 1846-09-12 00:00:00

Dts 9N - TRACT FOR WELSH COALS FOR DEPTFORD. .21RTAIENT of the COMPTROLLER for VICTUALLING and TitAN SPOR SERVICES, SOMERSET-PLACE. September 9th, 1846. THE Commissioners for executing the Office of kairalor,d Hgh Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain tt o ne ' Tut. o t hereby give notice, that on THURSDAY, the 17th inst., rtuty b, ) ", 1 20k, they will be ready to treat with such Persons as her x4.ies ` v iiting to COTRACT for SUPPLYING and delivering into ty's Victualling gtores, at DEPTFORD , ` 4l TONS of HANDPICKED BRYNDORW.A.Y LLANGEN NECK, or GRAIGOL A COALS. b i l alf to be deli vered by the 31st December Next, and the remainder , toe 31st Marcht 1847 ttac conditidn s o f the dontract may be seen at the said office. ne f 0 Tender will be received after one o'clock on the day of treaty, laany noticed, unless the party attends, or an agent for him duly . vorised writing. lad IV- T ender must be addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, tinet be- in the left band corner the words " Tender for Coals," and tig ned a lso be delivered at Somerset-place, accompanied by a letter responsible person, engaging to become bound with the ''' , . - Je n on t t "Rt ering, in the sum of 3001. for the due performance of rect. TIALL OF ROME, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, . gstkr'reissor TURNOUR begs most respectfully to infplh the Nobility, COor: b ers, and Public, that he has produced that novelty never tol i j ittem Pied, viz., the introduction of FEMALE MODELS of froODln „ "' w ho will appear every Afternoon and Evening, in varied B~~gs, expr ess l y arranged for them. Tvto"'si, .2 , 5. 6d. ; Boxes, 25.; Pit, Is. Doors open at Half-past Dtlact i , - „„`iie Afternoon and commence at a Quarter past Three .5% Evening performance, Half-past Eight o'clock. Venus will rise from the sea till further notice. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. 'm,,Th,e Directors of this Company are ready to RECEIVE Or a Z i ltS for LOANS of MONEY, in sums of not less than 1,0001., tlii 4r 7 B °d of Five or Seven Years, on the security of mortgage de i,l2,e,aring interest at the rate of four per cent. per annum, ttbs ..n - Yearly.—Application may be made to the undersigned, 411 way Office, Paddington Station. CHAS. A. SAITNDERS, Secretary. I.VIANCHESTER AND SOUTHAMPTON • RAILWAY COMPANY. Pa 01. 4 hereby given, that a meeting of the Scripholders in this be held at Herbert's Hotel (King's Arms), New ,`‘ Tw o '',,,,ra, Westminster, on TtrEsDAY, the 15th day of September, „ 40 131 th:Vock in tire afternoon, for the purpose of receiving a report hereo" l- 'irectors, and of authorising or adopting such measures Illire c i l3 ° 4 as shall seem p expedient. Parties attending will be re- JOHNe sc. BARKER MILL, Bart., Chairman. JAMES WALKINSHAW, Deputy Chairman. 19, JOHN WHEELER, Sec. George-street, Westminster, Sept. 7, 1846. -CAE r LEEDS, WAKEFIELD, and MIDLAND Noti ce JUNCTION RAILWAY. ~.,btß,,s hereby given, that a MEETING of the SHARE ,,,-+0.1%; of the LEEDS, WAKEFIELD, and MIDLAND JUNO ,",,,CIead,ILWAY COMPANY will be held at the Sessions House in 4,21.10 cit on Tauusnay, the 24th day of September instant, at One the the afiernoon, for the purpose of laying before the meeting o ‘,'"a_,llts of the receipts and expenditure of the saki Company, l aldt , r`., e eternaining whether the said Company shall be dissolved tile e Provisions of the Statute 9 and 10 Viet., c. 28, or, whether Olitir t „ 4l rs of the said Company shall not be wound up, or whether it ' lo ll of „ e aPedient to prosecute the said railway In the ensuing Bes t - hittr ,rarliament, and, if necessary, to empower the Directors o le Ns Into arrangements with certain other Companies upon the ,41.14 conditions to be laid before the said meeting, and gene ktekLtransact all other business whatsoever that can be trans- Sept..- - " er the provisions of the said statute. Dated this 10th day — "Aber, 184 G. EDWARD TEW, Chairman. HENRY BERNERS„Secretary. sIi ° ,. S ,,TON, STAMFORD, AND BIRMING "‘9I RAILWAY (STAMFORD AND WISBECH) ACT.* ItEGISTRATION OF SHARES AND CALLS. ,41 1 " n 8 been brought before the Committee of Directors super- Ra the registration, that many of the Scripholders in this have been informed that it is the intention of the Directors th e e,, e Call of per share immediatel on the completion 9f kiv,.. t ration, with continuous calls as speedily as the Act will t4 ted elB hereby given, that such information has been promul brltirelY withoat the sanction or knowledge of the Committee ti lati n t Letors, and that NO CALL has been determined_ jmon, and a_otb,, Probability unless highly beneficial circumstances render L'alin;:'se necessary:, the first call, when made, will be for a few ei t i . ",rtlY'to equalise the credit to be given on the reduced shares, " - g• he holder to interest thereon at 5/. per cent. under the h Not e 7 P..t i g lB also given, that the time for REGISTRATION of shares t h ';',PRD from the 191 h day of September instant,- to SATIIB -0,112,:, 'rd day of October next. tit j;;;;P for registration and communications , are to be addressed ""`. '' • Pears° Es q., Or to the Solicitor, at 18, Abingdon-street, -111 hSter. q By order. S. S. BAXTER, Solicitor. 1114111 gdon-street, Westminster, Sept. 10, 1846. 14 ---------Ir ERPOOL, MANCHESTER, and NEW (lgite e4.S TLE-UPON-TYNE JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY, and Li ‘' e rPool Manchester, and Newcastl e - u p o n-Tyne Junction, 4almaneashi're and North Yorkshire Railway Companies , now Th e Vatnated). l i sted — „eZister of Shares in this undertaking being now nearly corn saNiso holders of scrip who have not yet forwarded the same for re 4, „ °ll are requested to do so without delay, as the share register ; 4 11% ".!hsolutely closed on the Ist day of OCTOBER next, after which to the shares shares not transmitted for that purpose will be registered It 1 3 7 r nes of the original allottees. n , j ' e ,tinasted that the Scrip in the original Liverpool, Manches .“"°Nram- 'evscastle upon-Tyne Junction Railway Company may be qle s in to the Secretary, at 22, Parliament-street, London, and eottp eti P la the original Lan ' cashire and North Yorkshire Railway 4 :Y to the Secretary, at 31, Princess-street, Manchester, who T h . nd an acknowlegment for the same. em: Certificates under the common seal of the Company will be for delivery in a short time, of which due notice will be given e Shareholders. By order, (Si gned) THOS. ROB. WILSON FRANCE, Chairman. W. H. INGRAM; Secretaries. t 11, 1846. C. MOORE WILSON} ,n I R -- MINGHAM and OXFORD JUNCTION RAILWAY. The A . Capital, 1,000,0001., in Shares of 201. each. ct for the incorporation of this Company having received tae r oyal assent, the Holders of Scrip Certificates are requested to 4,4:ruevsiit4erddiainteg to application to be registered for their respectiye the subjoined form (printed copies of which will v gcrip ea : "desi red), and transmit the same, accompanied with the V, 0 . 449 er4fleates, either to this Office or the London Office, ptetnber nett, re on or before TUESDAY, the 15th day of An otn?ial receipt wilts liven receipt wilt aft e as little dela rwards be ezehanon the deposit of the scrip, which ocher the sealed certificates, with . . Y as the preparation same may require ; and due 40 tIce will be...olven when the sealed certificates are read for delivery Shares la *- - e respect of which no application for registry ;ad on or before the above date, shall be °r iginal subscriber , after which will be registered In the otherwise no share can be passed by formal transfer, under the provisions of the Act. By order of the Board, 111 1 , THOS. HOLROYD, Secretary. ,'nghara and Oxford Junction Railway Offices, Strand, London, No. 34, Ben , - A 't's-hill B i rm i n gham, and No. 449, Pest -•u gust 12, 1846. FORM OF APPLICATION TO REGISTER. Birmingham and Oxford Junction Sharesßailway.in the above v,. her eby deposit Scrip Certificates for viz., ----- to to k ije . claim t o b e registered as the Proprietor of the sa id Shares, _ k t et to the genera l ru l es , re gulations, and conditions contained %m il e Act of Incorporation, all of which I hereby undertake to tko c harge. I also require sealed Certificates to be prepared in —4ll Ye as under. Christian Name and Surname at full length Designation Address -Usual ... Sia cps to the Signature Dated this 184 EMING T 0 N'S LONDON and MAN CHESTER RAILWAY. At an Adjourned Meeting of the Committee appointed by the Shareholders to investigate the affairs of this Company, held the 26th day of August, 1846, - 'D. W. HARVEY, Esq., in the Chair ; It was Resolved,—That as the number of Shares returned to the Committee exceeds 15,000, yet as the total issue of Shares exceeds 50,000, the Committee feel, that until a far larger amount of Shares shall be notified, no negotiation can be opened with the Directors. Holders of Shares, therefore, who desire to bring the affairs of this Company to a speedy and equitable adjustment at the least possible expense, are requested to :transmit their names, and the number of Shares they respectively hold, to the Chairman of the Committee, D. W. Harvey, Esq., Old Jewry, London, not later than the Ist of October, after which day no communication willreceived. D. W. HARVEY, Chairman. BANK OF ENGLAND, SEPT. 10, 1846. THE COURT of DIRECTORS of the GO VERNOR and COMPANY of the BANK of ENGLAND give notice, that a GENERAL COURT will be held at the Bank on THURSDAY NEXT, the 17th instant, at Eleven o'clock in the forenoon, to consider of a Dividend. This will also be one of the Quarterly General Courts appointed by the Charter. JOHN KNIGHT, Secretary. NVENTO RS and DEPOSITORS of WORK ING MODELS and of other Specimens of the Useflil Arts (as well as the 'Visitors ofthe ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION) are respectftilly informed that the Directors have given their anxious consideration to the new appointment of DEMONSTRATOR in MECHANICS, whose duty will be to, explain to the Visitors the Principles and Uses of the above Specimens with clearness and simplicity. The Lectures now comprise the ELECTRIC TELE GRAPH, as well as other objects of present interest. The beautiftil Optical Exhibitions, &c. &c. Admission, Is.; schools, Half-price. • 'UR. BEARD'S PHOTOGRAPHIC POR -IV-- T RAIT ESTABLISHMENTS are at 85, King William street, City, 34, Parliament-street, Westminster; and the Royal Polytechnic Institution, where specimens of the recent improvements in colouring, introduced by Mr. Beard, the sole patentee of the Daguerreotype, and which have been honoured by the eulogiums of all the leading journals, may be seen. Application for licenses to be ma !e at King Willlam-street. REMOVAL. R. CULVERWELL has REMOVED to No. 10, ARGYLL-PLACE. C. EGENT-STREET, (leading to Great Marlborough-street,) where ho may be consulted, as usual, Daily till Three, and in the Evening from Seven till Nine ; and where alas his several publications, of which entirely new and en larged editions have recently been published, may be obtained. HOT WE ATHER.- TR AVELLING.-SE A SIDE.—The REGISTERD PALETOT in London, only at 22, Cornhill, opposite the Royal Exchange ; and the chief Llama Cloth Warehouse, 114, Regent-street. Do not be deceived by a similarity of name, placed in the windows of a few petty shops in the neighbourhood of the Patentees. Each Paletot is stamped " IL J. and D. NICOLL, 114, Regent-street." G OLDEN LION HOTEL, NORTHAL LERTON. JOHN CLAY (late of the Royal Horse Guards) begs to inform the inhabitants of Northallerton and the neighbourhood, and also the Commercial and other Gentlemen visiting Northallerton, that he has taken the above-named Inn and premises, which have recently un dergone a thorough repair. J. C. takes this opportunity of assuring those persons who may kindly honour him with their patronage, that nothing shall be want ing on his part to promote their comfort ; and in order to carry this determination into effect, he has laid in a large stock of wine and spirits of the very best quality, which, along with the viands con sumed in the house, will be furnished to his customers on the most liberal terms. Good Stabling and lock-up Coach-houses, superior Post Horses, Gigs, Omnibus, Cabs, &c., ready at a moment's notice. An Omnibus to each Train on the Great North of England Railway. PERFECTION in LAMP OIL.—A PATENT. CLARK'S PATENT SPERM OIL, only ss. per imperial gallon, is bright as crystal in the coldest weather, and lasts longer than real Sperm. It burns in all descriptions of Argand Lamps. The great expense of Sperm Oil, and the trouble of common oils, can now be dispensed with at pleasure. It is admirably suited for Solar Lamps, as they will , not want cleaning for years, and being so pure, four gallons go as 'far as five gallons of any common oils ; so, in reality, Clark's Patent Sperm Oil is cheapest. Families laying in their stock of Srfermaceti or Wax Candles, Soaps, &c. &c., will positively save 30 per cent. in their outlay. This is no fiction, and this system of equitable charges the public will support. Samples sent in London, and list of prices, with description of the patent article, sent on application to all parts of the world. Clark and Company, the immense Lamp, Oil, and Candle Depot, 447, West Strand, ten doors from Lowther Arcade. - - NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, CORNHILL LONDON. Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in terests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates. to the SIIAREHOLDERS of the WATERFORD, WEXFORD, WICKLOW, and DUBLIN RAILWAY COMPANY. t t i . Nl ' l AnEtt, ' AVOIDABLE business obliged me to be in le Loud ° ertta,„._ on the day appointed for your meeting at the efepoZwerland Coffee-house, Dublin, to consider the propriety of hj u 'g to lease our railway to the Great Western Company. l elts Peeedings of that meeting, together with the immediate re !fie th it, cannot fall of having attracted your notice, as it has mine ; ; 11 eiti :eellous injury that in nay judgment might result from passing In silence imposes on me, as Chairman of the Board of Di ance'"ue necessity of thus addressing you, especially as circum the PrB render it impracticable to assemble the Board of Directors at ,rouesent moment. t he 2 6ti r l aaY have learned from the public papers that the meeting of b egat., o ,,°f August terminated without having either affirmed or Zelft t c 7, t he only matter for which it had been convened. Subse te 1„ ' , bat meeting, a portion of the scripholders in the Company dl --vit od the co-operation of others interested in an attempt to Ive the Company, under, as stated, the provisions of Lord Dal -1)IY t 8 Ac t. As this statute neither does, nor was intended to ap leeorpo eer °Panies which have since its passing, obtained their Acts of eft ect erati" , it will be obvious that no such dissolution can now be tehen, i ,... I am, nevertheless, sincerely anxious to remove all misap • ref o or uneasiness in the minds of the proprietary, and I hat ch re deem it my duty to notice briefly the ostensible causes ,tissel„, ' 7 fl er e propounded at the meeting, as justifying the propriety of 'hese u g the Company, had such a course been found practicable. 1 . Were,_ for the statement of the accounts of the Company was laid be 2. .1,2 Meeting ec,,,.aat no treaty had been made or proposed to the Great Western A.TY, as to the leasing cf our line. ra - Z.. 1 gulls the first of these objections, I think you will agree with tq eaYing that a mere verbal statement of accounts of such magni lial„Would have been very unwise, and extremely unlike men of fih„,'ess to have given. A detailed financial statement, which could a•Te l l i fave been valuable, had . not been prepared, as its production, e necessary consideration of it, which, it must be assumed, t i.nt have folloWed, would have been inconsistent ,, with the 69th • _ Ant the Meeting was convened, and which declares " That no extra me-.arY meeting shall e nter upon any business not set forth in • notices upon which it shall have been convened ;" besides which -g „,e product'. of such accounts is strictly er joined to be made at the tllnary half - yearly meeting of the prop rietar y , L' which must be held 'Tfthin six months of the pass ing of the Act, who are the reb y afforded t he fullest opportunity of a scertaining the exact state of their affairs. the regards the making or offering any treaty of leasing the line to Great Western Company, I feel equally confident of your agreeing With me, that until the Directors were in a position to offer the line ti ,gelally to the Great Western Company, no step could properly be C., e n In t previous A promise was given to a number of scripholders Zl-itain to the passing of the Bill, that our shareholders wn nhl have an opportunity afforded them of considering how far it Weald be advisable to make such a proposal. In fulfilment of that —et a s h to the meeting of the 26th of August was convened, and it c ' e eP without taking any step whatever in that direction. pnsidering that this explanation was due to you, I cannot con 4114due without expressing my firm and confident hope that this great he ! r taking will go on and prosper. Every circumstance, except stie Lemperary punk, in the railway market, is much more favour th, to the project than when it was first adopted. Its progress c tn r i gh Parliament was most triumphant, and clauses have been thZ 3 elled not only in the Act for incorporating our Company, but in t v iZ e of each of the Companies which were originally in competition 11 4 4, by which all conflicting interests have been most effectually th e Z ehl sed, a considerable outlay of capital has been saved, and „,__`'east ample arrangements have been secured for bringing a most ~;41.1,1fie and highly remunerating portion of the line into very early oPeration. g e Progress of auxiliary lines IS equally favourable to the ents i of our project. The South Wales line is in course of rapid A i r - L u etion, and the communication with the entire south of Ireland sel,„ - ‘*' - ' 8 to be materially advanced by the sanction Parliament has tl — ennerttly given to continuing coast communication by passing 1 1 ? e rk and Waterford Company's Bill, da e peculiar position of Ireland at this moment cannot but be (413? biteresting to all who have her welfare at heart; and when e rnMent and individuals are alike merging all political differences tic: , e onamon effort to provide enployment for her working popula re. In this their hour of need, I shall, I trust, be excused for ex- Wog le g my confident hope that the steady progress of our great All Ma Y not be impeded, and that it may prove the means . of d,..:Ylating lunch of the impending distress throughout the extensive rget which it traverses. Our surveyors are already at work, and 1fr0,,. Y e xpect that by the time of our ordinary meeting considerable ar t ,,„, - " e as will have been made in the works for extending the com -11,71,,,..eati0n between the metropolis and Wicklow. —I have the `"'Or to be, your obedient servant, COITRTOWN, Chairman. Sept. 10, 1846. PUBLICATIONS. This day, in post Bvo., price 7s. 6d. cloth, NOTES ON THE EPIDEMIC CHOLERA By R. HARTLEY KENNEDY, M.D. Late Physician General and President of the Medical Board, Bombay. London i Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornbill TIIE OXFORD GRADUATE ON PAINTING. 3IIDDLESEX COUNTY PAUPER , LUNATIC ASYLUM. Persons desirous of TENDERING for the SUPPLY of MEAT, flour, malt, hops, hay and straw, oatmeal, barley meal, and peas, for six calendar months, from the Ist day of October next; and for the following articles, for twelve calendar months from that day, viz. :—Coals, cheese, butter, bacon, pickled pork, groceries, &c. ; wine and brandy for the sick, soda, , starch, oil and oil colours, brooms, brushes, window glass, haberdashery, hosiery, linen and woollen drapery, blankets, rugs, straw hats and bonnets, tobacco, snuff, leather, _ men's and women's cloth and leather boots and shoes, lead and lead piping for the above institution, containing 1,100 per sons, are requested to deliver their Tenders to me by Ten o'clock, on THURSDAY, the 17th instant, sealed and addressed to the Visitors of the Middlesex Lunatic Asylum, and to attend here on that day at Eleven o clock. Blank forms in which the Tender must be made, may be obtained upon application either at Hanwell or at this place, and patterns and samples to which the contractor will be required strictly to conform, may be seen at the Asylum at :Hanwell. The Committee do not bind themselves. to accept the lowest Tender. Dated the 10th of September, 1846. CHARLES WRIGHT, Clerk to the Visitors. Just publishJl,Tn Imperial Svo., price 18s. cloth, THE FIRST VOLUME OF MODERN PAINTERS. By a GRADUATE OF OXFORD, A New Edition, revised by the Author, and printed uniformly with 'Volume 11. Also, lately Published, in Imperial ave., price 10s. Gd. cloth, THE SEcONE VOLUME OF MODERN PAINTERS. Treating of the Imaginative and Theoretic Faculties. London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. CONSULS HAND-BOOK. Will be published in a few days, BRITISH CONSULS ABROAD ; their Origin, Rank and Privileges, Duties, Jurisdiction and Ems. laments ; including the Laws, Orders in Council, and Instructions by which they are governed; as well as those relating to Shipowners and Merchants in their connexion with Consuls. By ROBERT FYNN, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. London : Effingham Wilson, 11, Royal Exchange. THE UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER. 30 to 50 per Cent. Saved ! To be had at the Patentees, 60, St. Martin's-lane, Charing-cross. The Patentees beg to call public attention to the following facts, The advantages resulting from the invention are various and striking. Independently of a saving of 30 to 50 per cent„ the com bustion is perfect, and the brilliancy produced superior to any light hitherto discovered. It emits neither smell nor smoke, and burns steadily for any period ; and such is its purity, that It neither affects or soils the most delicate colour or the finest fabric. Objections have made to the Introduction of gas in dwelling-houses, to the expense of fittings, to its destruction of furniture, draperies, gold moulding, &c. ; these are entirely obviated by the "PATENT UNIVERSAL GAS BERNER." As the cost of laying on gas is muck lower than is com monly supposed, it is adapted for private dwellings, as well as for club-houses, hotels, manufactories, and public buildings. One of the small burners is amply sufficient to light a good-sized room, at a sum immeasurably lower than spirit, oil, or canine, with the avoidance of waste or trouble. The merits of the " Burner," its brilliancy and economy surpassing every other known light, are shown by the annexed authentic opinions of the qualities of the UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER. Extract from the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Tuesday, 26th May, 1846, Sir JouN RENNiz, President, in the Chair. " A. gas burner of a novel and ingenious construction was exhibited. The principal novelty was the introduction of a stream of air to the centre of the flame by a hollow button in the middle of the burner. The air passing up through the hollow stem of the button, was heated, and passed out by two series of fire-holes around the periphery, and impinging with force on the flame of the gas curved it outwards in the shape of a tulip, while the oxygen of the air, mingling with the carburetted hydrogen gas, produced a very perfect combustion, The flame was quite white down the top of the burner, was very steady, as was amply demonstrated by the excellent light of the Institution, where these burners have been used. In comparing the consumption of these burners with that of the concentric ring burners, and trying the power of the two lights by the photometer, the new burner gave a better light, with a saving of rather more than one-third." LADIES TRAVELLING, ~siting the Sea Coast, or otherwise exposed to the scorching rays of the Sun, will find I[I , COWL AND' S KALYDOR a most refreshing for Preparation for the Complexion, dispelling the cloud of lan .4_,r and relaxat'on, allaying all heat and irritability. and immedi iZY affording the pleasing sensation attending restored elasticity of b n S kin. The numerous varieties of Cutaneous Eruptions, Sun ,ritl, Freckles, Tan, and Discolourations, are pleasingly eradicated Ralydor, and th Puri e skin rendered delicately seft and clear. Its ti o ,`Zing and refreshing properties have obtained its exclusive selec-, Of th e the Court and the Royal Family of Great Britain, and those e Continent of Europe, together with the "elite" of the Aris bi.-racY and " Haute Voles," from the sultry climes of India, and the z ... a Wing-rooms of Calcutta and Madras, to the frozen realms of th r and the Salons of St. Petersburgh and Moscow.—Price 4s. 6d. 411. 1 8 2.6 d. per bottle. t e ", Beware of spurious "Kalydors " co ntainin g mineral astrin tcs utterly ruinous to the complexion, and which, by their repel actlOn, endanger health. The only genuine has the words 411 4 : 1 0 WLAIKD'S KALYDOR" on the wrapper, and A. ROWLAND 130 N. 20, Hatton-garden, is also engraved (by desire of the b o c T e CommissionerL9 on the Gevern ment Stamp affixed on each U, tin t I r d s. by the Proprietors, and by respectable C hemi st s and Per "ll6l' Xakydoca" are fraudulent conterhits. - _ CERTIFICATE. POISTECUNIC CIEEMICAL ScHoOL.—" In testing Clark, McNiell, and Co,'s Universal Gas Burner with one of the best slaawdowless turners, it gave a more pure and brilliant light, with a saving of 20 to 25 per cent." GEORGE CRISP, Engineer, ROUT. LONGBOTTOM, Secretary, CERTIFICATE. " In a series of experiments made upon Clark, Mc Niell, and Co.'s Patent Universal Gas Burner, its superiority was satisfactorily esta blished in economy and the quality a the light. Tested against argand burners, Nos. 4 (12 holes), and 6 (15 holes), it afforded a saving of at least 25 per cent., and against three fish-tail burners, No. 4, 40 per cent. The colour and brilliancy of the flame is supe rior to any other burner." T. W. KEATES, Consulting Chemist, J. D. PALMER, Mechanical Inspector. The UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER is used nightly at the Poly technic Institution, and may be had and seen from 11 till 4, at the Mows, 60, Bt. Martin's-lane, Clearing-crom ; and of all Gas littera. . _ BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR TIRE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY:The first general meeting of the asscciation was held last night, and the expecta tion of Prince Albert's presence collected a very full audience in the Victoria Rooms. The room selected for the meeting will hold 600 or 700 persons, and was crowded to excess; a number of ladies formed part of the company. The apartment is a handsome one, and the reason of its being below stairs is, that the house is built upon the side of a hill; if there were an approach at the back from the lower ground, the peculiarity would disappear; but, as it is, it is a house with the door at the top. Through the courtesy of Mr. Klitz, the pro prietor, and master of the ceremonies for this occasion, ample accommodation was provided for the representa tives of the press. At half-past eight o'clock his Royal Highness arrived; he looked extremely well; he was in plain evening dress, wearing a black coat and trousers, and white waistcoot and neckerchief. He took his seat on the platform on the right of the chair. Next to the Prince were Lieutenant-Colonel Sabine (the General Secretary); Viscount Palmerston, M.P.; the, Marquis of Northampton, the Bishop of Norwich, th e Speaker of the House of Commons, and the Mayor of Southampton. It was said that the Bishop of Oxford was too unwell to attend. The Marquis of Winchester, the Dean of West minster, Mr. Tite, and a whole host of scientific persons were present. The company rose to receive the Prince. His Royal Highness having taken his seat, they sat down ; and the chair was taken by Sir J. F. W. HERSCHEL, Bart., the retiring President, who congratulated the meeting on a presence which gave a dignity and sanction to its proceedings such as on no former occasion the society had received.— (Cheers.) For the honour thus conferred they felt the warmest emotions of grateful "respect • it was a recogni Lion of the glorious wise in which they were embarked —a cause in which were involved the glory of England, and the prosperity of every inhabitant of this country, from the Queen upon her throne, God bless her— (Cheers)—down to the lowest inhabitant of a cottage. For himself, in returning on this occasion to a town as sociated with the reminiscences of his younger days, he could not but see, as in every town in England, a great change, a start forward into civic and commercial ac tivity, which would make it, as of old, a link of commu nication between England and her distant colonies—one of the poles of that electric circuit with which Great Britain must animate and might convulse the world. The itinerant character of the association brought it the more in contact with that great phenomenon—the im mensity of our national progress, the intense activity pervading everything in England at this moment, with the fact that it was every year more and more placed under the guidance of that science which it was the society's office to promote and to diffuse. Believing firmly 'that the resources of science were inexhaust ible, and that its scope extended to ameliora tions of every description, he could look forward to the future, not only without gloom and foreboding, but with the temperate exultation which Providence per mitted to such as desired no aggrandisement but that which was in unison with its own grand and beneficent designs. With regard to his own year of presidency, he would just remind the audience that that year had given them the discovery of a new -planet, and the prospect of another; they saw it as Columbus saw America, from the shores of Spain. In the subdivision of a member of our system, we had also beheld one 6f the recognised ingredients of that system separated into two, each pur suing an independent orbit round the sun. After passing a high eulogium upon the new President, Sir John then resigned the chair to Sir R. J. MURCHISON, who immediately afterwards rose and said,—Gentlemen of the British Association, deeply conscious as I am of my inferiority to my emi nent predecessor in the chair of the British Association in all that respects the higher branches of physical science, I still hope that my ardent devotion to your cause from your very cradle, from your very institution, may plead in my favour, and may be held by you as some guarantee for the zealous execution of my office. Give me leave to assure you that I consider being placed in this position as a mark of approbation on your part, which is to me the highest honour that could have been confered upon me through life,—an honour the more cherished because it has been confered upon me in a county with which I have long been connected by family ties, and in which I made my first essay as a geo logist. —(Cheers.) Those feelings are strongly enhanced when I look around, and see that this association has for the first time been honoured with the presence of royalty.—(Loud cheers.) You cannot coiceiv e the gra tification it gives me, when I know that his Royal High ness, the consort of our beloved Sovereign—(Cheers)— comes fresh from the mines of Cornwall, and has been making himself so good a geologist,, that,_ in addition to all those other numerous branches of science with which his Royal Highness is already acquainted, we shalt see him here attending our sections in a few days •, for we know him to be—what I now inform his Royal Highness of—the one and only honorary member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.- -(Loud cheers, during which his Royal Highness bowed his acknowledgments to the President.) But, when gentlemen trust to me mory they are very discur• sive, and on these occasions it is necessary to keep pre cisely to the point, and therefore I must now trouble you with my sermon—(A laugh)--I must put on my spectacles—(Laughter)—and read to you a discourse, which I have prepared with as much care as is in my power. The PRESIDENT then proceeded to read his inaugural address. After observing that the origin, progress, and many of the objects of this their " Parliament of Science" bad been sufficiently explained on former occasions, he proceeded to dwell on the recent progress and present state of various branches of science. The discourse was of great length, and will hardly admit of abridgment; one or two of the most interesting portions of it will convey an idea of its nature. Sir Roderick said, " A request from the association to Professor Bunsen, of Marburg, and our countryman, Dr. Lyon Playfair, coupled with a contribution of small amount towards the expenses involved in the undertaking, has produced:a report on the conditions and products of iron furnaces, which is of the greatest value in a commercial view to one of the most important of our manufactures, and possesses, at the same time, a very high interest to chymical science in some of the views which it developes. On the one hand, it exhibits an entirely new theory of the reduction, by cyanogen gas as the chief agent, of iron from the ore; en the other, it shows that, in ad dition to a vast saving of fuel, about 2cwt. of sal am moniac may daily be collected at the single establish ment of Alfreton, where the experiments were made; thus leading us to infer that in the iron furnaces of Britain there may be obtained from vapour which now passes away an enormous quantity of thie valuable substance, which would materially lessen the dependence of our agric u lturists on foreign guano. It is, indeed, most gratifying to observe, that in pursuing this inquiry into the gaseous contents of a biasing furnace of great height, our associates traced out, foot by foot, the most recondite chymical processes, and described the fiery products with the same accuracy as if their researches had been made on the table of a laboratory." * " When our associate Cony beare reported to us, at our second meeting, on the actual state and ulterior prospects of what he well termed the archaeology of the globe,' he dwelt with justice on the numerous researches in different countries which had clearly established the his tory of a descent, as it were, into the bowels of the earth —which led us, in a word, downwards through those newer deposits that connect high antiquity with our own period, into those strata which support our great British coal-field. Beyond this, however, the perspec tive was dark and doubtful. Res alts terra et caligine mersas.' Now, however, we have dispersed this gloom, and by researches first carried out to a distinct classification in the British Isles, and thence extended to Russia and America, geologists have shown that the records of suc cession, as indicated by the entombment of fossil ani mals, are as well developed in these very ancient or palreozoic strata as in any of the overlying or more recently formed deposits. After toiling many years in this department of the science, in ,conjunction with Sedgwick, Lonsdale, De Verneuil, Keyserling, and others of my fellow-labourers, I have arrived at the conclusion that we have reached the very genesis of, animal life upon the globe, and that no further vestigia retrorsum' will be found beneath that protozoic or lower Silurian group in the great inferior mass of which no vertebrated ani mal has yet been detected amid the countless profusion of the lower order of marine animals entombed in it. But, however this may be, - it is certain that, in th e l as t our tbe kinsmen tae x A ocue m lrle e cn ri ot e u a nm i t e aryp s m im wa p hn l i y ch the grouping together o f few years all Central and Eastern E uro p e , an d even Lyell,ofh a s the informed f Far orm e West eus us parts of Siberia, have been brought into accor d ance w ith structure of their respective accompanies his work b ßritish s a t b r l a y t a d , e vwhilst d data prepared by native state geologists, which he h as e N paralleled with our well - known British types. If, th en , that s a t p a a t s the t o h r a t b e t the astronomer has, to a vast extent, expounded the me chanism of the heavens; if lately, through. the great telescope of our associate the Earl of Rogge, he has as signed a fixity and order to bodies which were previously viewed as mere nebulae floating in space, and has also inferred that the surface cavities in our nearest neigh bour of the planetary system are analogous to the vol canic apertures and depressions of the earth; the geolo gist, con tributing data of another o r d er to t h e grea t storehouse of natural knowledge, has determined by ab solute and tangible proofs, the precise m anner i n w hi c h our planet has been succe ss ively enveloped in divers cerements, each teeming with peculiar forms of distinct life, and has marked the revolutions which have inter fered with these successive creations, from the earliest dawn of living things to the limit of the historic era. In short, the fundamental steps gained in geology since the early days of the British Association are so re markable and so numerous that the time has now come for a second report upon the progress of this science, , which may, I trust, be prepared fo r an approaching, if not for the next meeting.' * * * * " When M. Quetelet remarks, that the phases of the smallest insect are bound up with the phases of the plant that nourishes it ; that plant itself being in its gradual development the product, in some sort, of all anterior modifications of the soil and atmosphere,' he compels the admission that the study which should embrace all - • • , • - lAfa , • , > • as \ 4, „ t ,- / #Y- + • ,•• t I I Ik 4 , -DIE s' „ _ - - et, 'wt._ •-• DR • • ' y inw tt t SEPTEMBER 12 ) 1846. No. 1,843 14 . LO l l-DON, SAT URDA 0 periodical phenomena, both diurnal and annual, would of itself form a science as extended as instructive. Re ferring you to M. Quetelet's report for an explanation of the dependence of the vegetable and animal kingdom on the meteorology and physics of the globe, and hoping that the simultaneous observations he inculcates will be followed up in Britain, I am glad to be able to announce that the outline of a memoir on physical geography was some months ago put into my hands by Mr. Cooley, which, in a great degree coinciding with the system of M. Quetelet, has ultimately a very different object. M. Quetelet chiefly aims at investigating the dependence of organized bodies on inorganized matter, by observing the periodical phenomena of the former. Mr. Cooley seeks to obtain an acquaintance with the same pheno mena for the sake of learning and registering compara tive climate as an element of scientific agriculture. Speaking to you in a county which is so mainly depen dent on the produce of the soil, I cannot have a more favourable opportunity for inculCating the value of the suggestions of this British geographer. The complete establishment of all the data of physical geography throughout the British Islands ; i.e. the registration of the mean and extremes of the temperature of the air and of the earth ; the amount of conduction, radiation, mois • ture, and magnetism ; the succession of various phases of vegetation, &c. (with their several local corrections for elevation and aspect), must certainly prove conducive to the interests of science, and are likely to promote some material interests of our country." The oration concluded with a complimentary welcome of the foreign visitors, and Sir Roderick sat down amidst great ipplause. Lord PALMERSTON then rose, and said—Although, gentlemen, upon the present occasion, there are assem bled in this room a great number of persons eminent for their attainments in science, yet there are also many who, like myself, are only humble admirers of the at tainments of others, professing to possess no knowledge themselves of the matters in which those distinguished individuals have attained their eminence. I trust it will not be deemed presumption on my part, if, being one of this, perhaps the most numerous part of those here assembled, I venture to propose to you that we return our thanks to our distinguished President of this day, for the admir able discourse with which he has explained to us the objects of the meeting.—(Cheers.) It would be pre sumption indeed in me, gentlemen, if I were to endea vour to point out particularly to your attention the many claims which our worthy President has established to the gratitude and to the admiration of his fellows countrymen. It would be impossible for anybody more adequately to point out to you those claims than he has himself just done, by a discourse which shows that, however eminent he is in that particular department of knowledge to which he has more particularly directed his attention, he is equally versed in all those departments of intellect and science in which mankind have excelled ; that he has directed his attention to the progress which other scientific men have made, and that he is as capable of ex plaining to you the results of the researches of others, as of himself contributing a valuable nddition to the stock of human knowledge.—(Hear, hear.) It must be gra tifying indeed * to us that the present meeting of this as sociation should be presided over by so competent a (thief ; and, however important may be the many other ranges of science over which he has cast his rapid, glance yet there surely can be none more interesting than that particular department in which he has so successfully laboured—that department by which he and others have been enabled to interrogate our mother earth, to extort from her the knowledge of what had passed in ages long gone by, and to read in the traces which still remain of former periods the history of antecedent hundreds and thousands of years.—(Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, it is im possible to estimate too highly the importance of those pursuits in honour of which, and in the prosecution of which, this meeting is here assembled ; and it is diffi cult to estimate their value, so also it is almost impos sible for us to fix a limit to the progress which the human mind may be destined to make. Each successive step which mankind has made in the departments of science has rendered simple that which was wonderful before ; has added to our stock of knowledge facts which, they were ascertained, would have ap peared to be impossible, but which, when ascertained, have not only contributed greatly to the con venience, advantage, and interests of the exist ing generation, but have laid the foundation for future progress in similar investigations and discoveries. Why, gentlemen, if any man in the earlier ages of the world had told those timid mariners who went creep ing about from cape to cape, and from bay to bay, halt ing at night, and never losing sight of the land, that an invention would be made by which, in the dead and darkness of the night, men might traverse the trackless ocean, directing their unerring course to the distant regions to which they were bound, would lie not have been treated as a man indulging in the most chimerical imaginations ? And yet that great invention is now so Identified with the practice and the memory of man, that if you were to ask many of those who are in the daily habit of using it they would hardly believe there was a period when the knowledge and practice of it had not been enjoyed by men of their profession.—(Hear, bear.) If, in the earlier periods of war, men had been told that a time would come when the lightning and the thunder bolt of heaven would be placed in the hands of armies for the purposes for which they were assembled, they would have thought that the people who told them so were trifling with their credulity. And what would have been said in the earlier ages of Europe, if they had been told that means would be discovered by which the results of the learning and the thoughts of man would be recorded with a precision Sand a rapidity which, to them, would have seemed impossible; and that even the discussions of such a meeting as this would, before the dawn of the next morning, be travelling upon the wings of the wind to every portion and every corner of ,an extended empire ?—(Cheers.) Why, gentle men, we ourselves can remember the time when the greater part of mankind would have scouted the notion that you could infuse into a vessel an impelling force which would defy the baffling of adverse winds and the contending influence of adverse currents, and would enable the mariner to reach the most distant portions of the globe in defiance of the winds and the waves ; and yet this great discovery has in our days been applied extensively to the use of mankind, not only upon the ocean, but even upon the land, and is now become a fa• miliar instrument to the minds of the most unlearned. But, gentlemen, what would Warren Hastings, and what would the great Clive have said, if, when they were founding in the East that vast and magnificent empire which now owns its connexion and subjection to English rule, they had been told that, in a few passing years after they had established that great dominion, an invention would be made which should render it physically possible, if it were politically arranged, that a Minister in.the House of Commons, interrogated upon a question connected with India, might say to his inter rogating opponent, " Have the goodness, sir, to repeat your question at the end of half-an-hour, and in the in terval. I will obtain an answer from the Governor- General at Calcutta ?"—(Laughter and cheers.) Yet that, I apprehend, is physically possible, by the late discoveries of some of the distinguished men of science of our day.—(Cheers.) What would have been said by those men who first began with rude instruments to examine the resplendent heavens, if they had been told that a time would come when a great astro nomical instrument would be constructed by which mankind should obtain a knowledge of the existence of celestial bodies, whose light, it has been calculated by astronomers, could not reach the small speck of earth which we inhabit, in which the investigator dwells, in a shorter period than 30,000,000 of years ? Why, Gen tlemen, these contemplations almost overwhelm the powers of human imagination to conceive ; and yet these are the results of human science—results which we may hope to consider as only the first step of that progress which mankind is hereafter destined to make, and in which, no doubt, the world will be greatly bene fited and assisted by the labours of such institutions as that of which my Hon. Friend is so worthy and distin guished a president. Gentlemen, these contemplations, and these results of science, are not only useful as con ducing to the enjoyments and the prosperity of mankind, but they must have a considerable and salutary effect upon the minds of mankind. Is it possible that they who are in the enjoyment of great and overweening prosperity must not be brought to feel a more proper sense of their position, when they see the utter insigni ficance of this globe as compared with the mighty uni verse which the telescope of Lord Rosse unfolds to the eye ?—(Hear, hear.) Is it possible that they who, on the other hand, are broken by misfortunes, or bowed down by afflictikm, should not find sources of resignation and of patience in that sense, of which they are more specially reminded by the great duration of time which these astronomical phenomena occupy—a sense that the small period of time during which they are destined to suffer in this world is as insignificant, compared to that eternity to which they belong, as is the grain of sand which they tread upon that sea-shore, compared with the earth which we inhabit, or the earth itself compared with the mighty universe of which it forms so small and insignificant a portion ?—(Hear.) Gentlemen, these scientific investigations also tend to unite nations together. —(Cheers.) They bring together men of different coun tries, embarked in similar pursuits, engaged in a rivalry the most honourable in which mankind can embark ; and I trust that the more science is pursued, the nearer we shall arrive at that period when mankind will think the greatest glory consists in the advancement of knowledge, and that the most honourable conquests which nations can make are the conquests over the secrets of nature.--(Hear, hear.) It is indeed, gratify ing to us to find, upon this occasion, gathered in this our town that brilliant assemblage of distinguished fo reigners, whose names and whose titles of honour my Hon. Friend has detailed iri his address.—(Hear, hear.) I trust that those illustrious foreigners will go back with minds still more disposed, than even, as I am sure, at the present moment they are, to feelings of friendship and regard for the British nation.---(Cheers.) I trust that as men who have sailed in the same vessel or have fought in the same ranks are attached to each other for the rest of their lives, so those distinguished foreigners who find themselves here among their fellow-comrades in that honourable pursuit to which they devote their faculties and their time, will have consolidated and in creased in their minds those friendly feelings towards us, which we entertain so strongly towards them. — (Cheers.) It is also most gratifying, I am sure, to you all to see that this love of science is confined to no par ticular ranks; that from the lowest to the highest it en- PRICE SD. gages the attention and excites the energies of all classes in this country; and that while in every part of the land we have institutions established, at which the lowest mechanics devote their hours of leisure to the study of these interesting topics, here, on the other hand, we have the highest persons of the realm, the Consort of the Queen—(Loud cheers)—honouring this meeting with his presence, testifying by that presence the in terest which he takes in these important pursuits, and giving to the development of the national mind, and to the encouragement of these national pursuits, that support which cannot fail to be afforded by his presence upon an occasion like this.—(Cheers.) His presence, too, gentlemen, is an earnest that he is not an indifferent spectator of the progress of science in this country, but that devoting his own energetic mind also to these pursuits—not indeed as the business of a life, because that life is occupied by mat ters of a more active description—but making that the enjoyment and amusement of his leisure, which in other men, perhaps, is the object of laborious study, he ren ders that development of science, which is the object and end of our institution, the ornament as well as the amusement of his life.—(Much cheering.) Gentlemen, I trust that you will receive with that satisfaction which I am sure the speech and address of my Hon. Friend, the president, must have afforded you, the proposal which I make, that you should vote him your thanks for the gratifying manner in which he has explained to you, not only the objects of our meeting, but the gene ral progress which has been made in the different branches of science. —(Cheers.) The Marquis of NORTHAMPTON briefly seconded the motion, and congratulated the society on its possession of a president who had attracted, as a star, the Consort of our Queen. The CHAIRMAN, in returning thanks, informed the association that Prince Albert had announced his inten tion of actively participating in their pursuits by attend ing the " sections."—(Cheers.) The meeting then, shortly before eleven o'clock, ter minated. Prince Albert remained for some minutes on the platform, conversing with Professor Oersted and other distinguished scientific men ; some of the new gun-cotton was exhibited to his Royal Highness. He then proceeded to the Fairy, and crossed the water for Osborne House immediately. The utmost attention and respect were paid to him by the Mayor and authorities of the town. The sections were very much better attended this morning. What was done will be seen from the sub joined list : SECTION A.—MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. Challis, Professor—Provisional report on the present state of astronomy. Stokes, Mr. G. G.—Report on recent researches in hydrodynamics. BreWster, Sir D.—On a new property of light as ex hibited in the action of chrysamonate of potash on com mon and polarized light. Powell, Professor—On elliptic polarization. Dale, Mr.—On elliptic polarization. Ditto—On the duration of vibrations. Brown, J. Allen—On magnetic observations made at Sir T. M. Brisbane's Observatory, Makerstoun. Hopkins, Mr.—On the relations of the semidiurnal movements of the barometer to daily sea and land breezes. SECTION 8.-CHYMICAL SCIENCE, INCLUDING ITS AP- PLICATION TO AGRICULTURE AND THE ARTS. Grove, Mr. W. R., F.R.S.— On the decomposition of water into its constituent gases by heat. Daubeny, Dr.—On the rationale of certain practices employed in agriculture. Way, Professor—On the cause of fairy rings. Joule, J. P.—Playfair, Dr. Lyon—On the expansion of salts. Reade, Dr. J.—Notices of experiments in thermo electricity. 'Knowles, E. R. J.—On a singular appearance in the flame of a candle. Dr. Daubeny's paper detailed the principles on which dressing land with quick lime differed from chalking, by disengaging the alkalies from the materials of the primi tive rock, including also the volcanic, and thus furnishing what is wanting to vegetation in argillaceous soils, which the application of chalk does not produce ; of course this is not applicable to calcareous soils. Gypsum also furnishes the means of eliminating the dormant princi ples of soils ; but, of necessity, all who intend to deter mine the applicability of particular agents to restore activity to a soil apparently worn out, must attend to the chymical analysis of that soil. Mr. PRIDEAUX stated some experiments on the Dart moor granite, treated on this principle, by which they had facilities on the spot for producing abundance of alkali. lie remarked that the roots of plants generally were acid, and hence he inferred the necessity of Ilkaline earth for their growth. Some plants were benefited by soda, but most by potash; they, of course, flourish most with the particular alkali which suited them. With respect to one observation of Dr. Daubeny that gypsum appeared to be most beneficial to leguminous plants, he thought that it would be proved to be a fact, that applied to the leaves of plants it became converted into carbonate of lime ; some (parts of plants were acid and others alkaline, and the object in view with chymists was to supply either to the plant or its roots, what it required for its development. . . The question was asked, if by high manuring, the growth of wheat, for example, was rank and luxuriant— the stalk was invariably weak, and it was sure to be laid —how could the stalk be strengthened? _ _ _ Mr. PRIDEAUX replied that the best mode he knew of stiffening the stem was by furnishing the plant with silicate of potash. Mr. SPOONER spoke of the use of supersulphate of lime, and other salts, and of the errors of agriculturists in using, at hazard, lime or chalk, or other ingredients, which frequently failed from misapplication ; and he introduced some diseased turnips as, in his opinion, the result of something wrong in the soil. The Bishop of Noßwic'H said, probably it would turn out that the diseased turnips introduced rather an ento mological than a chymical question, and depending on electrical causes, which might also be the case with the potato disease. Professor DAUBENY replied that he thought the weak acid of roots, such as the ascetic, ought not to be com pared with the sulphuric or strong acids, advised by him to bring the dormant ingredients of oils into activity. Professor GROVE detailed the particulars of his com munication to the Royal Society on the decomposition of water by heat only, which gave rise to a discussion on this principle as explaining the case of the bursting of boilers of steam-engines, but which he considered inap plicable (as did the Chairman). Professor Playfair sus pected that some chymical change in the constitution of the water took place, which the Professor strongly combatted. Dc. LEESON drew attention to the subject of steam boilers, which he thought favoured the non-decomposi tion principle, as he had observed no evidence of the oxydation of the metal of the fractured part (as we un derstood). It was generally considered to depend more on spheroidal repulsion of bodies. Professor Faraday appeared to concur in this view. Dr. J. READE produced an apparatus to explain the effect of heat in producing a deviation, and also a rota tion of the compass needle. The mode pursued was by placing a suspended needle in the focus of a copper re flector; and on placing a disc on the one side or the other, so as to throw the heat to either pole; so was the needle deflected on lighting a spirit lamp. It was stated by the Chairman to arise from currents, and not from thermal electricity, which seemed probable. Professor Way's paper on Fairy Rings attributed the appearance to seeds with a tendency to grow o utwards. A member considered them to arise from Fungi, and an interesting discussion ensued ; one Learned Gentleman was of opinion that the rings arose from lightning, and another combatted the opinions of seeds producing at least an extension of the rings from the fact of his having dug a trench six inches deep around one, which never theless appeared beyond it. SECTION C.—GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Ibbetson, Captain 8., and Forbes, Professor E.—On the vertical tertiary strata of White-cliffe Bay, Isle of Wight. Prestwich, Mr.—On the occurrence of cypris, at Ham stead-cliff, near Yarmouth. Fitton, Dr.—Observations on the arrangement and nomenclature of some of the subcretaceous strata. Buckman, Mr. James—Notes on the Silurean beds, at Hay-head, near Barr Beacon, Staffordshire. Ibbetson, Captain—On the oolitic sections of the Great Western Railway. Jukes, J.. 8., F.G.S.—Notice of some tertiary rocks in the islands stretching from Java to Timor. Ditto—Sketch of the geological structure of Australia. SECTION D.—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. This section had a very long list before it. ZOOLOGY. Allman, Professor—On an undescribed alga allied to Coleochmte. Knox, Dr.—On recollections of inquiries into the na tural history of certain species of the Clupeadm, Corre goni, and Salmonidem. Thompson, Mr.—A few notes on the land Mollusca, zoophytes, and alga of the Isle of Wight. Gould, Mr.—Will exhibit some rare forms and some new species of the family of the Irochilidm, or Humming Birds, from the eastern slopes of the Andes. BOTANY. llogan, Mr. W.—On the means of escaping the ravages of the potato disease. Ogilby, Mr.—Will make a communication on the po tato disease. Clark, Mr. B.—On the foliage and efflorescence of the genera Philanthus and Xylophylla. Whitby, Mrs.—Exhibition of moris multicaulis species of mulborry on which the silkworm feeds). Strickland, Mr.—Report on the vitality of seeds. Knox, Dr.—Note respecting the application of Dr. Thibert's modelling applied to the natural history of fishes. Dr. Knox's paper was confined to a new method of modelling fishes. The brilliant colours of the living fish were stated to be very difficult to represent; the tints could only be given by metallic powder. The papers on the potato disease were postponed till three o'clock, and the discussion could not be brought to a close when the President was obliged to rise. SECTION E.—PHYSIOLOGY. Bennett, Dr. Henry—On inflammatory ulceration of the cervix uteri. Retzius, Professor—On the distribution of round and L elongated crania. DIVISION OF PROFITS. The remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors, at the last annual Investigation, to declare a fourth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid ou each Policy effected on the Profit scale. EXAMPLES. ro LI Bonus Bonus in g .c 9 g Assured: ci d Premium. ?, added. Cash. may 9 p • 5 Borrow. • .4 Xs. d. 01000 3 4 £217 15 1 1 £100 011 192 3 0, 87 1 4 165 11 10, 74 1 9 116 T 6 54 0 101 111 6 8' 49 10 0 1837 1838 1539 1840. 1841 XIG 0 41 13 10 21 11 3 1 7 18 10 7 10 4 1X445 0 0 395 11 1 346 2 3 296 13 4 247 4 5 The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in December of the present year. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary. AT a SPECIAL GENE EtAL MEETING,, of the " SALT TRADE of ENGLAND," held at Northwich, MoNiIIT, August 31, 1846, The minutes of the last general " Chamber of Commerce," as well as the report of the " Committee appointed specially for the free opening of the Indian markets far the admission of British salt," having been read, It was proposed and resolved,— . _ _ That the thanks of the whole bOdy of the salt proprietors of Eng land are due, and hereby tendered, to their Committee, and the gentlemen who accompanied them to the Board of Control, for the able and strenuous manner in which they have taken up and advo cated the question of the admission of British salt into India upon fair and reasonable terms ; and that in confirming the resolutions passed on the 13th inst., the whole body of the salt proprietors of England pledge themselves collectively and individually to aid and support their Committee in carrying out the same. That the thanks of the Meeting be given to Mr. Greenshields, for the trouble he has taken, and for the pamphlet he has circulated on this subject. That the 'present system of virtual monopoly of salt by the East India Company being most unjust and oppressive to millions of our fellow-subjects in India, by compelling them to surrender the product of from one to four months of their labour for the purchase of a first necessary of life ; and being also most injurious to the manu facturing as well as the shipping and commercial interests of this country, it is advisable that a thorough knowledge of the workings and effects of the salt monopoly shall be disseminated through the country, anti that the Committee be requested to take such imme diate measures as they may deem best to give general publicity to a monopoly as monstrous and oppressive to all under its Influence as it is baneful and injurious to the commercial interests of this country. That the Committee be requested to organise a fresh deputation to the Board of Control, in conjunction with the Manchester, Liver pool, Bristol, Glasgow, and Gloucestir Chambers of Commerce, the East India and China, as well as the Shipowners' Associations in Lon don and Liverpool. and such other, public bodies as may seem de sirable, soliciting them to delegate members to join therein, in order to represent their various respective interests. That, in order to defray the expenses which mast be incurred by the Committee in order to carry out the views of the general body of the salt proprietoig of England, a subscription be opened in such manner as the Committee may determine. That the special thanks of this meeting be tendered to Mr. D. C. Aylwin, of Calcutta, for the information furnished by him relative to the salt trade in India, and also for the valuable pamphlet he has written upon the subject ; and that Mr. D. C. Aylwin be requested to become one of the Committee for the free opening of the Indian ports (Signed) W. WORTHINGTON, Chairman of Salt Chamber of Commerce, NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, FRIDAY.—The Court will remain at Osborne, according to present arrangements, until the 20th instant. _ _ -- The Lightning steam-vessel, Petley, master, left yes terday for Devonport to attend upon the Lords of the Admiralty. The Gladiator steam-frigate, Captain Robb, went out of harbour yesterday to try her engines and machinery. We believe we are correct in stating that the result of the late court of inquiry on board this ship is'highly to the credit of her gallant captain, who has been in no way to blame for the number of desertions which have taken place among the crew. The men who have run were idle, worthless characters, and as such, we con gratulate Captain Robb on king easily and well rid of them. Her trial trip yesterday turned out so well that she was brought alongside the dookyard *day, and took on board the baggage of the head-quarters of the 74th Highlanders, who will embark to-morrow, and leave for Scotland. _ The royal yacht Victoria and Albert came into her= hour yesterday to replenish fuel, &c. The Raven cutter, Lieutenant Stephen, arrived this morning from Chatham, with the marines and seamen gunners of the North Star, 26, Captain Sir J. E. Home, Bart., just paid off at that port. The Comet steam-vessel, Lieutenant ZCommander Johnston, left this afternoon with meal, and 80,0001. in small coin for the relief of the Irish poor. She will touch at all the ports on the coast before her return. The engines of the Penelope, 22, steam-frigate, were again tried, in• trip round the anchorage at Spithead this afternoon, under the inspection of Messrs. Bellamy and Murray, the Assistant-Master Attendant, and Chief Engineer of this dockyard. Rear-Admiral Hyde Parker, Superintendent of this dockyard, struck his flag on board the Victory at sunset last evening, and went on Admiralty leave for 14 days. The Comus, 16, Commander Thompson, was at Obli ged° in the Parana, all well, on the 16th of May. By the latest advices from New Zealand (11th of April) we are informed that the Osprey, new 12-gun brig, Commander Patten, was totally wrecked on that coast prior to the above date ; but whether any lives have been lost we are uninformed. The Osprey was a brig built at this port in 1844 by Mr. Blake, then master shipwright of this dockyard, to compete with the first batch of expe t rimental brigs, a squadron of which soon afterwards put to sea under the command in chief of Captain A. L. Corry, in the Firebrand steam-frigate, now of the Superb, 80. The Fox, 42, Commodore Sir H. Blackwood, Bart., arrived at Madras, from a cruise, on the 14th of July. The Pilot, 16, Commander Wilson, left Madras on the 20th of July, for Moulmein. In Harbour—Excellent, Victory, Victoria and Albert, Gladiator, Fairy, Black Eagle, and Echo, steamers; Raven, cutter. At Spithead—Recruit. In the Basin—Amphitrite and Trincomalee. In Dock—Prince Regent, Edinburgh, Leander, Cam brian, Naiad, and Rattlesnake. DEVONPORT, SEPT. 10.—The expected visit of the Lords of the Admiralty has caused considerable activity among the various naval establishments in. this neigh bourhood. A sergeant's guard of Royal Marines, from the division at Stonehouse, commenced duty in front of Moorshead's Royal Hotel at three o'clock this afternoon; and, to give early notice of their Lordships' arrival, an artilleryman, under the orders of Colonel Oldfield, Royal Engineers, was placed on the cliff which commands the eastern entrance to Devonport from the same time until sunset. Dinner was ordered at the Royal Hotel, to be ready for nine persons at eight o'clock; but it was long after that time before their Lordship's arrived. They came in two carriages-and-four from Teignmouth. Lord Auckland, the First Lord, was accompanied by Sir C. Adam, Capt. Berkeley, Mr. Cowper, Mr. Ward, Capt. Brandreth, and Capt. Eaden. After inspecting her Majesty's dockyard tomorrow (Friday), their Lordships proceed to lay the foundation stone of the Naval and Military Free School, King-street, Devonport. In the evening they are invited to meet a large party at the hospitable table of Sir Samuel Pym, G.C.8., Admiral-Superintendent of the dockyard. On Saturday the Lords of the Admiralty lay the foundation-stone of the important Government works at Keyham. On this occasion the excavators and other labourers engaged on the works will dine together on the ground, under a - large tent to be erected for that pur pose; the canvas for which, and the flags to adorn the interior, have been drawn from the dockyard. It is expected that upwards of 700 will, sit down in company, and their employer, Mr. Baker. the Govern ment contractor, has made ample provision for their entertainment. Each plate is to be provided with 111 b. of dressed meat, a loaf of bread weighing lib., and a pint of beer; after which every man will have llb. of plum-pudding, and as much beer as he can drink. The band of the Royal Marines will be in attendance. On Monday their Lordships dine with Port-Admiral Sir John Wert, at Mount Wise, after which, at the Royal Hotel, they patronise a ball, for the benefit of the Female Orphan Asylum, at Stoke. It is expected that their Lordships will leave Devon port the next day, Tuesday, the 15th inst. CHATHAM, SEPT. 11.—The Mutine, 12 guns, in dock, to be completed for sea, is expected to be commissioned about the end of the present month. The Southampton, 50 guns, in dock fitting for ordinary, has been coppered, and will be put out of dock the next spring tides. The Crescy, 80 guns, building. The workmen are busily employed getting her floor timbers in place, and she is fast progressing in that stage of erection. The Gloucester, 50 guns, fitting for ordinary, will be completed and put out of dock this month. Arrived, the barque Aurora, J. H. Barker, master, from Skien, with timber for the dockyard. The Duck, Savage, master, is loading with stores for Deal and Dover. The Goodwill, Pledge, master, is loading for Sheerness. The Sinbad, Follett, master, is loading for Woolwich. THE DONCASTER CUP,—The piece of plate called the. " Cup," to be run for at the approaching Doncaster races, was yesterday exhibited to a chosen few at the establishment of Messrs. Hunt and Roskell, Bond-street. It is a very elegant specimen of the art of modelling and manufacturing miniature statues in silver. The group has been modelled by Mr. Alfred Brown, under the di rection of Mr. Baily, the academician. To the first mentioned of these gentlemen the highest praise is due ; he is a rising artist, and one of great promise. Of the merits of the other gentleman it is superfluous to speak. The group (an equestrian one) represents a passage in the battle of Wakefield, Lord Clifford, of Cumberland,, overthrowing Richard Duke of York, of which an - ac count is given by Sharon Turner, in his " History,of the Reign of Henry VI." The lance of Lord Clifford has pierced the armour of the Duke, who is wounded in the throat, and falls from his horse grasping his battle axe, with which he has in vain attempted to ward off the fatal thrust. The horses are full of fire, the riders are in complete mail, the aventules or beavers of their helmets being movable, the features, which are charac teristic, can be seen at pleasure. The design is peculiarly pure, there are few or no accessories beyond what the group requires. AWFULLY SUDDEN DEATH OF A COMMERCIAL CLERK.—Last evening, at seven o'clock, an inquest was taken by W. Carter, Esq., the Coroner for Surrey, at the Brown Bear, Bridge-street, St. Saviour's, Southwark, respecting the death of Mr. John Back, aged 43 years, lately residing at No. 9, Keppel-street, Southwark bridge-road. It appeared from the evidence that the deceased was a commercial clerk, in the service of Mr. William Pegg, wholesale stationer, &c., of No. 90, Upper Ground-street, Blackfriars-road. The deceased had been in good health for many years, and was always in remarkably good spirits. On Tuesday morning last he was sitting in his employer's counting-house, making out several accounts from the ledger, and while so en gaged he was seen to fall suddenly from the stool on which he was sitting at the desk. Two of the workmen who were in the lower warehouse ran to his assistance, and found him insensible. A surgeon was called in with promptitude, but he was quite dead. The surgeon at tributed death to an attack of apoplexy.—The jury re turned a verdict of " Died from natural causes.', OMNIBUSES FOR THE MlLLlON.—Yesterday a more than ordinary degree of curiosity was created at the Bank of England and the Royal Exchange, arising from a number of omnibuses appearing It various intervals during the day before these places, on which were placed in large and legible characters the words, " From the Bank to Hackney, 3d." On inquiry, it appeared that latterly the Eastern Counties Railway have undertaken to convey passengers to Tottenham and back for 6d., being a distance of ten miles, which has h a d th e e ff ect of causing the omnibuses to perform the journey very often with a solitary passenger. Whether it arose from the novelty, or from other causes, the threepenny omni buses were speedily filled ; and it is stated, that if the experiment should prove to be successful, the same scale will be adopted with respect to the numerous suburban points connected with the metropolis, while for distances not exceeding one mile the charge will be reduced to one penny. KIRCALDY.—During the latter end of la s t wee k . . several large boats came in here laden with herring, 1;g of which was sold to two curers at 10s. per cran, and the rest sold in the town from ls. 4d. to 2s. per hundred, though not readily bought, from the want of potatoes. if 5..-~~>->.~~ P _ ........ 100 K ~...... 933 Carpenter, Dr. W.—On the physiology of the en cephalon. Searle, Dr.—On the identity of electricity and the nervous power. SECTION E. — STATISTICS. The only paper read' as by Mr. Heywood, "On Ox ford Educational Statistics." It detailed the general course of the system pursued in Oxford, comparing it with Cambridge in various particulars. It stated that the number of students at Oxford was rather dipiinish ing of late years. In the ten years, from 1818 to 1829, the number averaged 415 per annum; in the next ten years, 385; and in the seven years since 1839, it was 407. The lecturer attributed this to dogmatic theology being taught in connexion with general literature, in stead of being confined to those for holy orders; and this was the cause of most of the unsuccessful men being in that plight. He also objected to so much stress being laid on an intimate knowledge of Aristotle, and more especially the abstruser parts of his ethics. The unsuc cessful candidates for the degree of B.A. were stated to range from 111 to 140 per annum. Among the more re markable men of our time who had been double:first-class men at Oxford, were Sir Robert Peel, Dr. Hampden, Lord Sandon, Mr. C. Wood, and Mr. W. E. Gladstone ; but it was stated that few of our younger public men figured in the Oxford records. Dr. COOKE TAYLOR added a brief account of the course pursued at Trinity College, Dublin, remarking upon the viva voce examination of students there on en tering—a system which often produced some odd answers. On one occasion the Rev. John Martin was examining a class in hydrostatics, and asked a student who was not very popular, " Mr. Spencer, what would be the consequenc e if I thrust you into a pond ?" the examiner's object being to test the student's knowledge of the law that water rises in proportion to the weight of the body immersed. The student not being able to give a solution of the question, another was put to his neigh bour, Mr. Plunket, " What would be the consequence if I thrust Mr. Spencer into a pond ?" "'Pon my word, Sir," was the reply, " I think it would be of very little consequence." Another student, being examined on Locke where ho speaks of our relations to the Deity as those which we most neglect, was asked what relations were irst neglected ; the youth answered very coolly, " Poo relations." After a laugh at these anecdotes, a long conversation ensued on the subject of the system of education pur sued hi the French and American universities. In the latterahe chief feature noticed was their insisting less than Mr own on the study of the dead languages. Great praise was, awarded to the French schools for their teaching so universally the art of drawing and design. Dr. Cooke Taylor attributed much of the superiority of the French in this art to the time they were able to spare in consequence of the simplicity of their decimal system, while our own barbarous and complicated method of arithmetic and weights and measures con sumed so much time unnecessarily. SECTION G.—MECHANICS. Robinson, Dr. T. R.—Account of a modification in Dr. TVhewell's anemometer. Russell, Mr. Scott—Accounts of some recent experi ments on railway trains for the determination of the re sistance at high velocities. Ricardo, Mr. M.—A description and models of self registering mechanism for recording the Velocity and resistance of railway trains. Phipps, Dr.—An account of the construction and performance of two sailing vessels built on the wave system. Bodmer, Mr. J. G.—Description of an apparatus for storing and preserving corn in large national gra naries. The paper " On a new method of boring for artesian wells," communicated to the association by M. Arago, was read by Mr. C. Vignoles. It was accompanied by a diagram. It appears that an intelligent artisan at Perpig nan, in France, named Fauvel, was led to the discovery by noticing that in several cases of success in boring for water with solid iron rods, so soon as the spring was tapped all the triturated particles were brought up without the use of the auger. He inferred, therefore, that if the boring could be effected by a hol low tube about two inches less in diameter than the width of the auger, communicating with auy injecting force pump by a flexible tube from the surface, the same result would follow to this mechanical application of power as resulted from the natural power of the rising column of water. Being a poor man, it was a long time before he could get any interest taken for his in vention. At last, the fellow-workmen clubbed together for the materials, and assisted him with their labour! Success attended the first experiment. He competed with the old system in one or two places, and produced the most successful results in half the time ever accom plished before. The principle became so established that Fauvel has now orders for, and in hand two hun dred artesian wells. Mr. Vignoles had not himself seen these, but he was assured that one of 24 inches in diameter had been completed, and one of six inches diameter had been carried a depth of 540 feet. This paper was listened to with great attention, the subject being so important to the town of Southamptm. FLANDERS and HAMBURGII MAILS GRATZ, AUG. 31.—The disaster by which Upper Styria has: been visited, unhappily is not the only one which has befallen this country during the last fort night ; within the last eleven days there has been a constant heavy rain, which occasionally fell in torrents, accompanied by loud peals of thunder and vivid flashes of lightening. The rivers, and even the streams, are in consequence unusually swollen, and are causing considerable destruction in every part through which their course lies. Our principal river,. which has risen to a height not known since the year 1827, threatens destruction to the railway at various points, and has already interrupted the communication with Marburg. Great fears are entertained for the district lying between Gratz and Eilly, as well as for the great tunnels of St. Egiddy, where the water has for several days forced its way through the sides and the vaulted roof. While portions of land have been washed away by the rain in various places of the Veldon, the waters continue to wear away the em baikments of the railway, and it is not difficult to fore see the impediments which will be caused by the line wherever it passes through mountainous districts which abound in rivers. As the storm has not yet abated, it is feared that greater damage may yet be occasioned. It is probable that the King will return to Brussels at the latter end of next week. The Journal de Frankfort states that the King of Belgium had arrived at Baden, the same day as the Duke de Montpensier, as well as the Queen of the Netherlands. The Journal des Debats states that the Infant Don Henry, who has resided for some time at Ostend, is about to leave this place for Ghent. The Prince is ac companied by Mr. Calvet, his aide.de-camp. During his stay at Ostend his Royal Highness lived in a private house, and led a very retired life. His name appears in the list of visitors as the Count d'Aris, a landholder of Madrid. ST. PETERSBIIRGIT, SEPT. I.—lntelligence from the theatre of war in the Caucasus, dated Kislowodsk, Aug. 17, states that the enemy has not ventured upon any decisive steps since the last accounts of July 22. On the 3rd of August, however, on the line opposite Staniza Troizk, the liiialaks, amounting to 300 chosen men, some of whom were mounted and the rest on foot, made an attempt to repeat the attack of the 21st of July. The judicious measures adopted by Colonel Stepzoff and Major Artinjeff made these mountaineers pay dear for their boldness. In the meanwhile a reserve corps of 100 Cossacks, under the command of Sharitzkin, attacked the enemy, whose strength was three times as great as his own, with such impetuosity, that the Karabakalis, overpowered by this bold attack, sought their escape by flight through almost inwenetrable forests. They car ried with them a very considerable number of dead and wounded, and left seven mutilated corpses, with their weapons and horses, on the scene of action. About the middle of July a number of hostile bands assembled in the south of Daghistan, with the view of pe netrating into the upper part of the circle of Dscharobelokan on the territory of the former Sultan of Jelissne, but their plan was discovered, and they were obliged to return home after a short but very decisive engagement. The fortifications are everywhere proceeding with the greatest rapidity, thus the inhabi tants are kept in check, but 61 families have already placed themselves under the protection of the Govern ment. On July 27 the lightning struck a powder magazine at the fortification of Salak, all the works were injured, and several buildings destroyed, an officer and 4 soldiers were killed, and 33 men wounded. The enemy thought that an opportunity was thus afforded of entering Salak, and appeared in great numbers on the neighbouring heights. They 'erected a battery and opened a fire, but by the energetic measures of the commanding officers they were compelled to retreat with great loss, after several futile attacks. Disasters of another and no less serious kind have taken place in various parts, owing to the unusual enlargement of the rivers, caused by the melting of the immense masses of snow which fell in the past winter, as well as by the continued heavy falls of rain. Intelligence has just been received that Count Argo,- tinski, with his right wing, has had a successful engage ment with Daniel Beek, at Kaiserruh.—Hamburg Papers, Sept. 8. BELGIAN FUNDS.-13Eussms, SEPT. 9. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent .............. Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent • • • • • • • • Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent.... Ditto Three per Cent •••• • • • • Ditto Thirty-seven Millions, ditto • . • • Ditto, ditto, 1840 • Ditto, ditto, 1842 .. Ditto, 1844. 99% Ditto, 1836....... .. Ditto, 1838 ......... ....... .. • . • • • • .. Ditto of the City, 1832 . Ditto, 1843 • . • • .. Bank ofßelgium.. .. • . ..... •• —Brussels Papers, Sept. 9. Cent AUSTRIANietam 5 per 1%16 3 4 p p e e r r C C e e n n t t . . t t t t o o .• 158 Ditto, 1839 .• — 1 ••• •• •• •••••••• •• • • 127% Bank Shares .. Esterhazy's Loan • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • 11AMBURGII BORSENHALLE, SEPT. G. Bills. Money. Austrian 5 per Cents •• •••••••• • • • • •• 112 Bank Shares • . • • • • • • • • • • 1570 Anglo-Russian Loan Russian 5 per Cent., !lamb. Certificate. 100% Ditto Ist serleslnseription•• •• ••.• • • 192% -1- Ditto,Ylope and Co., 3d and 4th series•• 97 Ditto, in Certificate .• . ...... • • 97 34 New 4 per Cent., hope and Co. ...... Ditto Stieglitz Spanish New 5 per Cent l9 19 Ditto 3 per Cent 32% Anglo-Portuguese Loan, 2% per Cent •• Dutch Actual Debt, 2% per Cent. ••• • • 59 Ditto 3 per Cent • •• •• ...... • • Polish New 4 per Cent. Loan, 1844.• 1 9 34 Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent ••• • •• National Bank Shares • • • • • • • • • "• " " FOREIGN Ono Ns.—A vessel, arrived from 2 1 —or deaux, has brought 1,800 strings of onions, the produc tion of France.