The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-18 00:00:00

;--iTATES. lIRIVAL OF THE ACADIA. SRIPII, " RECK 01? THE STEAMER A 1 LANTIC, It' (From the Herald for Europe.) k i d a with feeli ngs o f th e most p a inful nature that we . the a s con s t ra i ne d t o publish the particulars of th e ,,s of the once magn ifi cen t steamer Atlantic, and tefTorty lives. She had comparatively a small num• * 44 1, Passenge rs . If s h e h a d b e en as crowded as she te hre 'Y bas been, t h e di saster wou ld of course have been for thF re adful and terrible in its results. The passengers 1 414' ill fated steamer left Boston at half past five the her on Wednesday a ft e rnoon. They proceeded over, p o i t rester and Norwich road, and reached Allyn 's * half-p ast e l even on t h at n i g ht. There they ,eit o „ board the Atlantic. She left for New York !te re t° twelve and one on Thursday morning. .There kelod — i n tw een seventy and eight persons on board, in all, Atl ah „; Passenters, officers, crew, and servants. The he e f,'"e Lgot well under way, and was running along 1 414"„ s w ilen the stcain•chest exploded; and newly at the keth' e ment the wind shifted from the north-east to ttte hi l -w est, and blew almost a hurricane. The steamer grown into the midst of darkness and confusion, and Ifiti,i l , l ; e lounded with the cries of the scalded. It was 4114' ol scene to behold. Captain Dustan instantly he oe all hands to the fore-deck, and order e l them to ,idle % f e ver the anc h ors , b u t it was found almost impos ', f a r % man t o s t ee d on d e ck, in cons. qu nee of the °tea ° of the gale, the sea' continually - making a h our" over her bows. ' 0 to this. it took nearly an etoil t) get out the three anchors. The steamer worked ( Its Plunging her b,as under at every lurch, and teel l tg her anchors. Between the time of anchoring tet ki :Yliglit, it is thought that she dragged over the t° 4ll: o , f about eleven miles. This was a terrible time T h _ n board. ted f ; fires were all ut out by daylight on Thursday, klen til that time to the period of going ashore, , the 1, 1 411 1 , 11 - g e era and crew suffered from the intense cold. Ihe 4 46 44 of keeping warm was to wrap themselves in • - , 3 , 4, and walk briskly ari.und the steamer. All, at qe tl e e, began to look to their own persona l safet y . dr•• on the life-prese r v ers that the boat was so plen 6uPPlied wkth, and prepared themse l ves for an y ke ne Y• Some put on one, some t o. an d some four Itetila e rvers. The doors, shutters. settees , &c. , &c. , !Illeo ue tlehed and cat away for rafts to drift ashore Ikeelthenever the steamer' should strike. The gale Min • ~ 414 gin violence, Capt. Dustan, who preserved his ‘,,, l l o, „,r asio n throughout the perilous time, r . der o e r •( . l TR I , to t°ria of coals to be thrown overboard, in li ghten'"ek ft „;: the vessel. About noon, on Thursday, tlnle -. 4 „,i'e Pipes, which were very large and heavy, were ~4 1p tiC, I. ° be thrown overboard. This was done, the °tee. assisting, and the steamer was eased for a short AtttdeAfter this less resistance was offered to the I lery t eoe steamer continued to drift, however, and s e i in g looked terribly hopeless. The d :nger in aPte-08° 'rapidly, that between two and three o'cicck ordered the decks to be cleared of all of everything that was in the way. Cases °hoes, barrels of flour, stoves, &c., &c., includ - te:LPackage sa id to contain 7,000 dolls worth of taotwere thrown overboard. There were six to eight 7, 11 ,e 1 dollars worth of lace on board, belonging to lw -a l ,, tllo passengers, who had previously said that n 13 ,;', give the whole to any one who would put I ttee,; 44 lY ash.ae. This lace was arwards seen "ag the beach. All these fte efforts, hem "llea save the steamer were unavailing. No Ni g ,' Worked harder than Cuptain Dttitan, and his t hes e ",,g e rs and crew. It was for life or death. After „Vete' e Peated and united efforts had failed, all hopes of 111 8 IL. W ere Over, and all felt desirous and anxious that li tle lb er should strike the beach. It was a frightful Itro u l ,but the feelings of those on board had been _ , li tetti g : l n t fly to such a pitch, that a re-action came over , -44 °010, -11 ,'„they were resigned to their fate. About t; she parted one of her cables, there being four Mit e Il e attached to thirty hundred-weight of furnace ' 4 04 an d the others to anchors. After this the gal , . She wad to increase, and now blew a perfect hurricane. th at at i s driven s till nearer the shore, but passed a point d nftPeeted she would strike upon. She t hen tea--`' a bout eleven miles more, making in all twenty -1444111e; which occupied about forty-eight hours of I tteiq r u ncertainty and suffering. She then struck, L trte u , s _, t,o a . a ledge of rocks on Fisher's Island, when th "nuOUS See, seemed to lift her up on to the very top e led • q er 0 go. so far up, indeed, as almost to throw her tl kiist o to the other side. This was the crisis in the he rc e r; it Was terrible, and heartrenin in e x- Nee five minutes after she struck g the she was in _ e ; In these five minutes at least one-half of those arty, -si R t he Atlantic were taken from time into eter ,loz , n ''' 3 I fle were drowned, some crushed , and some death. The screams, the crash, the roar of Fr W ere dreadf u l. okt further accounts we learn that the number of the nd°% c aved is 37 of the crew 24 . Ther e were but —e to passengers on board—all lost. The new tee° ~-" I% p y t t°4 Saturday g ives the number of bodies thus far to be 7. (p COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE ,X ENv —r ., n rn the New York Courier and Enquirer. 1 " 0 ini ti ,,. ' 0111 („MoNDAY Nov. 30.—There seems reason de nt , -ipate that, in order to more revenue, the . Presi e a riles 41 s o sage will recommend that duties be imposed cot e ale articles now f ree , and especially on tea aid tititi e ' and that s a id d u ti e s be laid avowedly as war th ern e a, and to cease with the occasion that calls for : ka r ,„ 44 kw, - money must be had—and, when the whole case li tio rti to thrt country, can be had—for there is no 4 43 Of confidence in the security , but only an unwilling wit} into loans, Itia lo al bong capitalists to g what t he ex o tent of them will be. 1)1.01.1/_enteokundoiwtiiRnnhgeoflie country at large is exceedingly great t demand for, and sales at high ;! I :rous. T so much of its agriculthral surplus adds greatly ill til t6 tll e o m f ean means of the people, and with ordinary s k m ' management of the treasury, these means can be —e available to the public service. . Th e th e e cold weather of the last week htbasatpaarltliatllbye• eslotoseod, pi lu t n u t e lu a t t n A l ba y l the river, .. e...y ulat not yet sent for " w l a ll rd rea ..he e!tera part of willch b t e h the shastene d eaboar seaboard l speedily, from verses it, a n d . the state by the railroad that tra that r • "nd its way to ships by the river, while loston e . I"ltis ° pen, and then by the Western Railroad to .4,oldtt.r latest dates from England are in L ia, of the 11th instant, and, as stated in our re ar s in the paper of the 26th by the Great Western, those . by the 11-11.:Fh took her departure on that day, the effect of_ . th e e , ad i s e t e l s ll t d ti op r i e n e g e . ived was to depress all prices. DI ) are • Cotton has declined since the 15th instant A d. per lb. -•-•_ freight meanwhile to Liverpool has advanced 0., and nchan ge h as declined 1 per cent. ; orders, therefore , Zhot be executed on better terms. The market closes le 'ut animation—the daily sales averaging about ,t uuo bales chiefly for England, the Mediterranean, and Me North of Europe. For the week ending Friday, 1141_th instant, the transactions amounted to 8,000 bales, ' l4 on Saturday, 1,100 bales were sold at the annexed aillO tations :-,-• ' Ordinary. Middling. Fair. Good fair. N om' Orleans and Fl b ile ••••81 t°l & u U . plands St 8.3 q 8 ...9 to 9 1 101 to . 11 to 11 1 9 4••• 94 . t01 4 0 . ...111 alit), of the new crop received from Savannah "qt-; l3 tarleston averages " middling fair," and the staple very superior-, from Mobile and New Orleans we have Zr o t:eceived s u ff ic i en t t o give a decided opinion ; but the „, receipts (if a fair criterion) indicate a falling off as co Pared with last season, being generally leafy and `" finder in staple. Cr op —Oa this subject no new fa cts have been p re • sa t!ted to authorise any change in previous estimates ; Zion% still vary, from 1,800,000 to 2,000,000 bales, majority inclining to the latter Haltquaty. It would 4 2 equire but few figures to prove that crop of even ` l ° o ,ooo bales would cause, within twelve months, a further reduction in the stock held abroad, provided t hat the consumption progressed in the ratio of the past , Q84 01:1 ; but the high ;nice of bread stuffs is at present 4Cl YerSe to such a result, and the event of this season's °Aerations, therefore, depends rather upon the price of revisions in Great Britain and France (as affecting the , r ,l s res trade) during the coming winter, than upon a nu -ex.°lleal difference of 100,000 to 200,000 bales in the it, l ,f the cotton crop. "' therefore, later and more reliable advices are received Pon this subject, buyers will act wit h g reat caution, however well satisfied they may be of the cor rectness of their estima'es. Prom th e New York Price Current of the 28th inst. we learn that the total receipti since the Ist of Septem. her amount to 268,950 bales, against 363,962 last year, Deficiency, 95,012 bales. Deficiency. Exported to Great Britain 42,261 vs. 130,564 88.303 France 32,320 „ 39,221 6 901 Stock in all ports 210,519 „ 212,756 2,237 The stock of American cotton in Liverpool (at the last date 389,000) will not vary materially from 260,000 bales on the Ist of January next, allowing that the tutal export from the United States, to date, as annexed, 42 ,261 bales, should all be received by that period, and the outgoings for consumption, meantime, be diminish 20 per cent. The price of flour and grain, which were a shade higher during the cold weather of last week, are flat again to caY, under the intelligence j ust received by telegraph f l ruin Albany, that the boats on the canal were again in 'notion. Best brands of Genesee flour may be qoted at dells. to 5f dolls.; Indian corn, 60c. to 65c.; wheat, 1 06 to 115. Exchange on Europe is about at the q uotations p er list steamer-6i is the top price for sterling bills, and amore are sold under than at that price. NEW YORK MARKETS. MONDAY, 1 P.M. 1 . The sales at the Stock Excha n g e this morning were limited—the market was rather heavy. Foreign ex change was in moderate demand at Saturda y 's rates. Cotton—The sales reach 800 bales at our last quota tions. Flour —All descriptions are dull; Genesee is held at 43 374 e. whilst the highest offers are 5 $ 25 c. Mi chi.an, me., may be quoted at 5$ 12ic. to 5 $ 25c., f rom the wharf. Southern flour is held at 5$ 25c. to 37ic. I VINDSOR, WEDNESDAY EVENlNG.—lnstructions were received at the Castle this morning from 0-,borne Rouse for the private apartments to be prepared fur the reception of her Majesty, the Prince Consort, and the Royal F a mily, on F r id ay next. The Court will leave the Isle of Wight at an early hour on the mgrning of that day i n th e F a i r y t en d er , f or G os p or t, a nd proceed thence by a special train to the Farnboroul:h station, where the Royal carriages have been ordered to be in at tendance at h a lf-p as t ten o ' c l oc k, t o proc , ed with her M ajesty to Wind s or; where the Court will arrive about / 41- Peat Que. ;be THE SUN, LONDON, FRI . DAY MORNINGI• DECEMBER, 18, 184& IRELAND. SUSPENSION OF PUBLIC WORKS. DuumN, DEc. 15.—1 n consequence of a very heavy fall of snow in some of the western counties, it has been found necessary to suspend public works, and vast num bers of the destitute iy.asantry are left totally without the means of rrovidiu4 themselves Vtith food. An order is likely to be issued— indeed that it has already baen decided upon—directing the inspecting officers to call over the list of working people each morning during the suspension of tLe w,rks, and to pay them for each day equally as if the works had b,en in progress. PRODUCTIVE LABOUR—CULTIVATION OF THE LAND. The Board of Works have issued the following im portant and well-timed circular, with a view to the carrying out of works undertaken in accordance with the circular of the Chief Secretary : " CIRCULAR, NO. 38. " Board of Public Works, Dec. 9, 1846. " The employment of tl,e destitute on roads and other public works must soon terminate, and reproductive works be substituted for them. To render such works reallf beneficial and morally useful, the landed proprie tors must join hand In hand with the Board of Works. Every proprietor or farmer will be int, rested in the practical success of some local work, and as the number a ill be great, the success will be in proportion to the zealous co operation which the Board may receive. " Works connected with thorough draining and sub soiling with the spade must be executed systematically and caliaiy—no external force, no hurry can be admitted. The numuer of labourers required for each particular work can be accurately known, and each individual labourer should have a task allotted to him, say, suffi cient for a fortnight or three weeks. " To enaLle each labourer to till his own farm, or that of a neighbouring farmer, and at the same time earn the support of his family through employment on drain age works, it is proposed that the task to be allotted to each labourer should consist of a certain length of drain, and the collection and breaking of stones for the drain ; where the stones are to be gathered from the same or neighbouring fields, the children of the labourer may be employed by him in collecting them into heaps, and, if sufficiently near, depositing them on the side of the drain cut by the lather. " Ir, with the assistance of his children, the task, sufficient for a fortnight, be completed in six or eight &eye, the labourer will receive his money, and be at liberty to devote the remainder of the fortnight to farm labour, and - still will have earned sufficient to support his family until the time arrives for commencing a second task, amid so on. " To render the drainage works substantially bene ficial to the landed proprietors, it is necessary that the most approved system of thorough draining should be adopted. To effect this obje ct, the Commissioners of Public Works mean to appoint district inspectors of drainage, whose duty will be, in the first instance, to examine the site of every work presented for ; to determine the ex tent of land to be drained, and mark its boundaries on the Ordnance plans , to lay out the works connected with the main or open drains ; to determine the depth and all the detail belonging to the covered drain ; to estimate the cost of the dra:nage per acre ; to value the land in its present state, and give his opinions as to the ins: eased value which will result from the drainage ; and report on the whole to the Commissioners. "During the time occupied by the inspector of drain age in the performance of his duty, the landed proprie tor, the agent, or steward, should attend for the purpose of receiving instructions as to the particutar works to be executed in each case, and should recommend suitable perairnS; who may be employed ';is loCal overseers to carry them out " The'stewards or farmers, as the case may be, to act without - Mary; but the local overseers recommended by them, when approved of by the inspector of drainage, will be Paid ace .trding to their qualifications and ex ertions. • " The sanction of the Treasury having been received for the drainage works of any district, and the number of labourers to be empio3ed in each determined, on due notice being given to the Relief Inspecting Officer of the Board of Works, he will name labourers for each from the list of the destitute residing within the electoral division or barony as is usual fir the road works; and it is expected that the landed proprietors, farmers, and stewards connected with each work will use every exertion to scrutinise the list of the destitute, to insure that none who have other means of support be employed. The land Will be assessed for the expendi ture, and consequently the admission of persons not requiring relief, by adding to the number, will propor tionably increase the assessment ; hence it becomes the interest as well as the duty of all cess -payers to limit the admission of labourers to these who are wholly des titu "By order. JOS. C. WALKER. Secretary." DESTITU I'ION.—DEATI I FROM STARVATION. The Thom Herald contains the following : " We regret to state that our various communications during the week represent the state of the people of the country as fearful in the extreme. From some of the remote districts of our own county we have received the most horrifying details of the sufferings of the poorer classes ; and, alas ! various particulars of deaths from starvation have reached us. On the 6th instant, an inquest was held by A. Hosty, E,q., coroner, at Lisheenager, on view of the body of Michael Walsh. " Mary Walsh, having been sworn and examined, said—The deceased was my husband. We had neither potatoes nor corn for the last twelve weeks, nor did de ceased get but six days' coot k during that time. There was no public works in the neighbourhood, but one road, and he wa., unable to get employment ; the only sup port ourselves and three children had were a few tur nips, and occasionally a little meal we used to get from a neighbour ; we lived upon one meal a day, and often suffered from hunger for the last three weeks. Deceased took ill on the Ist instant, and died on the .Thursday following. All the relief I could procure him during his illness was a dose of castor oil from the Headford dispensary, and twopenny worth of bread a neighbour gave me. During that time myself and my children lived on a few boiled turnips, without meal or any other mixture, and we are all suffering from hunger. Such, reader, is a specimen of many of the details that have r eached us." The following letter appears in the Tralee Chronicle:— ‘• Killarney, Dec. 9, 1846. " Dear Sir, —Having travelled with the coroner Mr. O'Riordan, from Kenmore, on Monday last, I learned from him the particulars of an inquest which he that day held at Shountore, three miles to the west of Ken mare ; and with the hope that publishing them may at tract attention in some quarter to that neglected part of the country, I send them to you for insertion in your useful journal. " T,.e name of the deceased was Mary Sugrue. She and three female children, aged ten, six, and four years, lived in a wretched hut near the road side ; and it ap peared, from the evideme of Mary Reilly, that deceased and her th r e dchildren r w s e i inet and her hthree e ochildren Sawteurre day week, all gave them some small share of food, and starving. heSuhriengdid not see her after until Satur a child crying near the hut, she and found the second child outside the d from weakness. She took the dtialeyylNaysetn, tawaySl e w hen, child into the hut,..dw apparently so. She called in some ‘dv:onrt ' tu°nwaabrld: tiot, stand she found the mother dead, and the young 1 child was not there ; whochi tookitthies cshopilpdorseendows•boey. we T n h t e to eld b e e s r t i g l eriagnhdbfamithrtsx' , who lives peared to have recently d the hut—no furniture —nothing was neither' food nor drink of any kind in . serable blanket. She swore but a little straw and a Sr her post morteni examination ; he " Dr. Mayberry made a P f tly empty—no trace per ec found the stomach and bowels she h a d n o doubt but decernalsed died from want of food. of food of any descriution cou t of sustenance. doubt the deceased died from wan " Theme was a verdict accordingly. Id be found, and he had no he body of a Kenmor.?, about a fortnight before,. on t roadside, " The Coroner had another inquest at Benan.e, near man, named Robert llanipston, who died on the Monday haveoy n of hunger, when a similar verdict was returned. . e knows how m an h • n God only j t u h s e t s h a e m ar e d g a u n a o r t t h e e r r dfreoamthshtausr starvation. .place sine fall victims fromyave mi sery, the same cause. Where is all this to end ?-'l . am S' • ~. 2, Sir, your obedient servant, ~ fallen ' , and how many others will " H. DOWNING. o i‘ n ie g s s s t rs th . MEETING OV LANDED PROPRIETORS . There was a meeting o eG f se. la A nd . ed proprietors yesterday present i were .l the )i in ,. l s ) b u a b w li , n. tsi lt , nßight Hon. O'Connell. M.P., Lieutenant-Colonelmr , ton, M. 1., Daniel Ed ward Grogan, M.P., Monsen, N • or, M P rall , . ~ Napier, J R Godley, Chas. Wm. Hamilton, Bolton Massey, &c. J. • It was resolved—" That with a view difficulties of the present alarming crisis, ato meeting the formed to collect suggestions to be laid before be Members of both Houses of Parliam en t, as the Irish mea sures which ought to be brought forward. to the TRALEE, DEC. 12.--A company of the 77th, under the command of Major Clarke, proceeded yesterdaymorning to Cahireiveen, together with a large police fore, c to pro tect the Government stores, threatened by some ofthe I hungry population of that locality. — Tralee Chronicle. ,ed WHAT WILL MESMERISM DO ?—We extract the following remarkable sta tement from a let t er dated . Bos ton (United States) , t he 14th ult.:—" A curious dis covery has recently been made here—viz., that by in haling sulphuric eller fur two or three minutes, the pa tient may be thrown into a state of entire unconscious ness for about the same length of time, during which the most serious operation may be performed without suffering. Dr. Morton, cf Boston, a dentist, has tried it about two hundred times with almost uniform success. It has also been applied at the hospital in great opera tions. Dr. Hayward last week cut off a leg above the knee, for a white swelling. The patient was perfectly unconscious, and the operation, owing to her entire passiveness, was performed with unusual ease. It has in a few cases failed, owing probably to peculiaritof constitution or temperament, or want of skill in the ad. ministration."—Ga l ig iu MR. DENIPSTER'S BALLAD SOIREE.—Mr. Demp ster, from the United States. gave his first musical en tertainment—or, as he Las happily termed it, " ballad soiree"—at the Princess's Concert Room, on Wednesday evening. There was a full and highly intelligent audi ence, among whom we noticed the American Minister, and several distinguished literary p rsons. With two exceptions, the pieces which Mr. Dompster sang were his own compositions, which were given ix such a simple and beautiful style that the audience were at on ce capti vated. Mr. Dempster's voice is a pure, sweet, and powercul tenor, ano is managed with refined cultivation and per 'ect taste. He is among the best ballad singers wo ever hoard, He was warmly welc.imed, and several , of his pieces were loudly encored. We are convinced that Mr. Dempster's c istertainments will become highly popular% THE LATE COLONEL DAVIES. (Frien the Worcester Chronicle.) Our obituary of this week records the decease of Col. Davies, for a lung period the est( emcd and independent representative of this city in Parliament. The gallant Colonel was descended of an ancient family which had been long sewed in :Montgomeryshire. His grandfather was rector of Fownhope, in the adjacent county of Hereford, and he was the eldest son of the late Thomas Davies, Esq., Advocate General to the East India Com pany, and a great friend of the Governor-General Warren Ilastiegs, by Anna, daughter of Ilugh Baillie, Esq., of Monekten, Ayrshire. He married on the 17th January, 1824, Augusta Ann, the only child of Thomas Creepig,ny, E.g., wler survives him. Some twelve years ago Colonel Davies had the misfortune to be thrown out of a carriage, wlllt , t canvassing, and was slightly para lysed there by. This gradually increased, so that for some years he has been perfectly helpless. On Tuesday he grew worse and was taken with slightsickness, which continued at intervals. On Wednesday and Thursday he was attacked with hiccup, and it became evident that he was gradually sinking. On Friday morning, about three o'clock, I,e expired without a struggle, in the pre sence of his attached friend and medical attendant, Mr. Francis Duties, of Pershore. Colonel Davies was in his 58th year, and has left no issue. Ile first appeared before the electors of Worcester, as a candidate for Par liamentary honours, in 1816, on the death of Mr. W. A. Roberts, which occasioned a vacancy in the representa tion of Worcester. Ile professed himself the advocate of retrench" eat and Parliamentary reform, but Lord Deerhurst, vv ho had been an unsuccessful candidate at the general election in 1812, was in the field before him, and had made his election sr cure. In consequence, after a canvass which made it apparent that it would be fruitless to Oppose his Lordship. Colonel Davies retired, with a promise that he would again present himself at the general election: In ISIB he fulfilled this promise, anti three candidates appeared on the hustings, Sir William Duff Gordon, who had represented the city in the two preceding Parliaments, Lord Deerhurst, and Colonel Davies. The poll was kept open for seven days, and the number of votes recorded for each candidate was as follows:- 1,422 Lord Deerhurst Colonel Davies 1,024 Sir W. I). Gordon 874 • At the election consequent on the deat h of lung George the third, in 1820, Lord Deerhurst and Colonel Davies were elected without opposition. A t the genera election, in 1826, Lord Deerhurst retired after a can vass, on the pretext that his appointment to the Vice- Lieutenancy of the country would devolve upon him a mass of public and private business incompatible with the discharge of his duties as a representative. The can didates were Colonel Davies and Mr. G. R. Robinson, to whom was very unexpectedly added, on the morning of the election, a third, in the person of the late Mr. Richard Griffiths ' of Thorngrove. The poll, as in 1818, was kept open for seven days, and the numbers at its close stood as follows: Mr. Robinson Colonel Davies Mr. Griffiths 1,036 The two first were declared duly elected. On the sudden dissolution of Parliament, in 1831, arising out of the question of Reform, Colonel DaVies and Mr. Robinson were returned without oppOsitifin. The Hon. Captain Fitzroy, a brother of Lord South ampton, also . appeared in the field, but his address, offer ing hineself"ae a"eandiaate, was immediately succeeded by another, iriwvhieh he annonhded:his intention of with drawing freiriwhat he 'quielcly ascertained would be a hopeless contest. At the general election, immediately succeeding the Reforenßill, Colonel Davies and Mr. Robinson were again. elected without opposition. Mr. R. A. Dundas, now Christopher, and one of the Members for Lincoln shire, addressed the electors on the Tory interest, but, as his address states, he did not receive a sufficient num ber of promises on his canvass to warrant his' proceeding to the poll. In 1835 Mr. Joseph Bailey came forward upon Tory principles, and after a severe contest, suc ceeded in defeating Col. Davies by a majority of 17, the numbers being— Mr. Robinson Mr. Bailey. Colonel Davies On the opening of the session of Parliament, a peti tion of George Munn and others was presented against Mr. Bailey's return, on the ground of bribery and treat ing, the improper reception of votes, and other causes, and praying that the election of Mr. Bailey should be declared void, and that Colonel Davies should be declared duly elected in his place. The committee to which this petition was referred was composed of a large majority of Tories, and of course the result, from the beginning, was foreseen. After a sitting of eleven days, the peti tioners withdrew from a contest which the nature of the decisions pronounced by the committee in regard to certain disputed votes rendered hopeless, and Mr. Bailey's election was confirmed. At the general election consequent on the death of King William IV., in 1837, Colonel Davies again came forward. Mr. Robinson and Mr. Bailey were also in the field, but Mr. Robinson, though put in nomination in the usual form, annonnced from the hustings his in tention of retiring, and Colonel Davies and Mr. Bailey were returned. At the election in 1841, Col. Davies declined again offering himself as a candidate, on the score of ill-health, and was succeeded by our late learned representative, the present Chief Baron Wilde. Thus the gallant Colonel represented Worcester for more than twenty years, and in six Parliaments, or, with the exception of the short Parliament of 1835, uninterruptedly from 1818 to 1841. TI e lion. Gentlemen entered the 52d Regiment of Foot at the early age of 15. He was a cap tain at the battle of Vieneiro in 1808, and went through the whole of the Peninsular war up to the crowning victory of Waterloo. where he displayed the character istic bravery of a British soldier, without a day's illness. During his lengthened Parliamentary career, Colonel Davies distinguished himself as the unflinching enemy of improvident expenditure. In the cause of retrenchment he was a fellow- labourer with Mr. Hume, whose econo mical motions he so constantly seconded or supported, that he acquired the soub' iquet of Smollett, atter the eminent continuator of Hume's History of England. Colonel Davies was the advocate of all well• considered reforms, but opposed to rash and causeless innovation. He was favourable to an extension of the suffrage, to the vote by ballot, and to a shorter duration of Parlia ment, and, as might be expected, strenuously supported the Reform Bill in all its stages. His vote was uniformly given on behalf of every measure calculated to extend the privileges or increase the comforts of the people, while he watched with jealous supervision every item of the public expenditure. The revision of the pension list, the abolition of sinecures, and the reduction of taxa tion, were objects for which he also contended in Parlia ment. By pursuing a steady, persevering, and inde pendent career, he secured the warm attachment of his political friends, and was equally respected by his oppo nents. In his capacity of a country gentleman he led a quiet and secluded life, which indeed the state of his health of late years rendered indispensable, at his beau tiful seat of Elmley Park, which he purchased of the executors of the late Bourne Charlett, Esq., shortly after forming a parliamentary connexion with the city of Worcester. Colonel Davies retired from the army a few years since, having been up to that time on the half-pay list. His late constituents will receive the intelligence of his disease with sincere regret, for he had won their esteem by long and faithful service in Parliament, and their good will by his courteous demeanour and the at tention which he paid to the humblest of the citizens. An accomplished gentleman and a most humane and kind hearts d man, the death of Colonel Davies pro duces a blank that will not readily be filled up. In every relation of life be was exemplary. An admirable officer and upright and clear- headed magistrate, a kind and benevolent master, an affectionate friend, and an in dulgent husband, he was respected and bel o ved by all who had the gratification of knowing him, more espe cially by his own immediate circle, which he pre-emi nently adorned. The funeral of the late gallant officer will take place on Friday. Sir J. Pakington, Sir T. Winnington, R. Temple, Esq., C. Hanford, Esq., E. Holland, Esq., and E. B. Marriott, Esq., will be the pall bearers on the me lancholy occasion. Colonel Davies leaves two brothers, who reside in Sussex, Warburton Davies, Esq., and Col. Francis Davies, of the Coldstream Guards. Wright, of Mill-hill, florist, was about as Mr. William \ bed he was suddenly seized with an AWFULLY SUDDEN DEATH --Wednesday morning, to rise from his and ' died instantly, without uttering a apoplectic fit, was highly respected among a of friends in the neighbourhood of numerous circle ed was fifty-six years of age, and on Hendon. Deceas ‘uts in the enjoyment a vigorous 1 the night previously health. The deceased . ART SOCIETT.—The last meeting for word. ri Great Marlborough. street, when the of the society, i Mr. Cooper. The evening was taken chair was taken by r'h.eld on Wednesday evening, at the rooms l ic n of the construction of theatres, ithe Chairman on the Italian Opera a paper being read by the Opera House excited a House. The details o f which Mr. E. T. Parris, Mr. theu up in 3l Ai n l : 1 seasonci lengthened discussion, and various other members took Crabbe, Mr. Seddon, f very extensive observations on part, giving the result o the leading continental theatres. TUE DEPARTURE OF A co la nsidera t cuATHA m.—Wednesday THE 31ST REGIMENT FROM . n wished regiment, re- L t °h r l la RY INTELLIGENC E• g of three companies, cently arrived from India, consisting . morning the 1.-ft wing of this disti Th e strength of the two di v i s i ons cons i s t e d o f 7 sergeants , Bat racks, e n rou t e f or Walmer, Kent. 3 drummers , command h of marched at ni ne o ' c lock, in two divisions, f rom Chatham and 244 ra n k an d f i l e , an d were under the c march command of Li eu t enan t - C o l one l J a mes Spenc e, in . Major J o h n G arv i c k . Th e head-quarters, under te this morning on th e some route. O n the medical spection of the head-quarters, on their arrival here, it was found nece s s ar y to send to the invalid depot about 60 men, to be discharged on pensions. The s.,ith Itegi ment—The reserve battalion_ of this regiment, under orders fur embarkation for Gibraltar, consists of 2 staff sergeants, 38 sergeants, 14 drummers, and 483 rank and file, and is commanded by Lieutenant Colonel P. S• Norman. The battalion is expected to embark at the end of the present month. VlENNA.—(Extract from a private letter.)—Prince Metternich has suffered severely from bronchitis ; al though recovered, he is weak, but the worst symptoms are those arising frcm the effects of age. Count de Kinsky has committed suicide. This would have created sensation were it only that he is one of several noblemen who have perpetrated this act this year.. But Count Kinsky, of a princely family, is related to the Lichten steins, the Lobkowitz, the Esterhazys, &c., the greatest houses of the empire, as well as to Kollowrat, the Mi nister of State, who will have to dispute with Counts Fiquolmont and Much Bellinghausen, the official inhe. ritance of Metternich. The Frbnch atrabassadar'ii po- Isition here is anything but pleasant. He was kept in the dark to tilq'bot go Nardi i,,1151 griVirf affair. GENERAL COURT-MARTIAL The general court-martial, at Chatham Barracks, on Captain Bull, of the 57th regiment, on the charge of putting Major Shadforth, his superior officer, in arrest, and assuming the c ,, mmiteel of the head-quarters of the regiment, while on board the ship Mary Anne, in Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope, having concluded the case for the prosecution on Tuesday, we may now give a short account of the proceedings since the 10th instant. Previous to being sworn, Major Shadforth said it was with deep regret that he came forward in the unenviable position of prosecutor in the present inquiry ; but he felt bound to do so, both for the public good, and the good of the service. He thought the accused had been tilled to do as he had done by interested individuals, unacquainted with military discipline. On being sworn, he said, I came home in command of the h ea d. quar t er s Of the 57th Regi ment. On July 9th, 1846, when at Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope, on board the barque Mary Al no, about midnight, the prisoner came to my cabin door, and said, " Mr. Allen, the master or the ship, has reported to me that you came on board the ship in a state of intoxica tion. I think it my duty to order you in arrest." At this titne I had been upwards of an hour in bed. When I came on deck the followii g Pawning, at eight o'clock, I went on the poop. Shortly afterwards the prisoner came up to me, and said, " Are you aware, Major Shad forth, that I came to your esbin last night and ordered you under arrest." I replied, "Yes, and a-pi ce of impertinence en your part ; you want to assume the 'Command of the regiment ;" he then went away. The acting adjutant, Lieu. enant Grant, was on the poop, and I called to him to send for the regi mental order-book, and insei t therein, " That I wished to meet the whole of the officers at 10 A.M. that day." He refused to obey my order. As I was leaving the poop I said, in a loud tone of voice, addressing Captain Bull, " It is my positive orders that no officer leave the ship without my permission." I then sent for the ser gk ant-major of the regiment, and ordered him to put in the pass-order book, That I wished to meet the whole of the officers that morning at ten o'clock." I then went to breakfast, after which, Captain Stanley, of the 57 th Regiment, under my comm an d, repor t e d t o me in writing, that he had been placed M a d er arres t by Captain Bull. I found Captain Bull had quitted the ship in disobedience of my orders. Captain Bull had been detailed as cap tain of the day, for the 10th July, in his regular tour of duty. He remained absent from the ship till the morning of the 11th July, when he returned on board. Major Shadforth called, as his witnesses Captain Stanley, Assistant-Surgeon Jackson, and private James M.`Ciister, the orderly of the day. Captain Bull, by his witnesses, as a justification for what he had done, produced evidence to prove that Major Shadforth and Lieutenants Hunt and Logan returned on board on the night of the 9th July, in a state of intoxi cation, and that he was called up from bis bed by the captain of the ship in consequence thereb, that officer representing to him that there was danger to be appre hended from the state in which the' officers had retired to their cabins with lighted candles. To prove this state ment, A. P. Allen, the commander Of the ship, was called, and he alleged that the major, when he came on board, fell upon the deck, and staggered to the cuddy; and other witnesses spoke to the state of the two lieutenants, who were described as being extremely noisy; and Lieut. Sweton Grant, then acting adjutant, who was ordered by Capt. Bull to go their cabin and see to the light,' stated that he found dhe of them lying on his bed, and the othq: so intoxicated ilitit h he'was ,lliged to help him into his cot. In ex planatiA of Co pt.' Bull's absence, it appeared dila went to Cape 'Town tU Peflresent the affair to the authdrities there, aid! returned 4ith' an order for the major's arrest; and a court of inquiry Ibllowed, when the major was rein stated in his command, and Captain Bull ordered into close arrest, for having unjustifiably ordered his com manding officer into,arre,t. Mr. Allen, and Mr. Prinne, the surgeon of the ship, appear to have been the parties who expressed their alarm for the safety of the ship, and this led to the steps taken by Captain Bull. It was stated by one of the witnesses that the major and the master of the vessel had always appeared on good terms; but it was elicited, in the cross-examination, that Major Shadforth bad complained of the state of the ship, say ing he (lid not consider her seaworthy, and that he should report her as such; and it seems it was found necessary to caulk her waterways by men-of-war's men, after a visit by some naval officers. Mr. Prinne, the surgeon, having left the country, the prisoner produced his written evidence, accompanied by an affidavit made before one of the judges at Westminster; but this was rejected, after submitting the same to the Judge Advo cate-General, through the Horse Guards. It appeared that up to the 9th of July Major Shadforth and the pri soner, as well as all the other officers, had been on those friendly terms which usually exist between officers of the same corps. For the defence, Captain Bull called, besides Mr. Allen, the commander of the Mary Anne, William Woodbury and William Hunter, cuddy servants ; Lieu tenant Grant, Lieutenant Chads, and Major Garvick, of the 31st Regiment, the latter being called to character, having served with him in the 10th Regiment in 1839. The evidence on both sides being completed. Captain Bull asked for time to prepare his defence. The Court will therefore meet, on Monday next, when the same will be read. To Major-General Brotherton, the President, the thanks of the members of the press are justly due for his attention to their accommodation throughout the pro ceedings. WOOLWICH. The half-yearly examination of gentleman cadets un• dergoing a preparatory course of study at the Cadets Barracks, at W oolwich, to qualify them for commissions iu the Roy al Engineers and Royal Regiment of Artil lery, took place yesterday in the large hall of the Royal Military Academy, in the presence of the Lieutenant- General Sir Thomas Downrnan, C.B. and K.C.H., Com mandant of the Garrison (I'resident) ; Major General Sir J. F. Burgoyne, K.C.8., Inspector• General of For tifications ; Major-General Sir H. D. Ross, K.C.8., Deputy-Adjutant-General of Artillery ; Major-General Sir J. Webber Smith, C. 13., Director-General of Royal Artillery ; Major-General John Buteler Parker, C. 13., Lieutenant-Governor of the Academy ; Major-General Thomas Paterson, Royal Military Repository ; Major- General Lacy ; Colonel Dansey, C.B. ; Lieutenant - Colonel English, commanding Royal Engineers at Woolwich ; Lieutenant Colonel Jones, Royal Military Academy ; Lieutenant- Colonel Dundas, C.B. Director or the Foundry Department ; Major Burnaby, resident Captain of the Gentlemen Cadets ; Brigade-Major Sand ham, Royal Engineers ; Captain Tilden, Deputy- Assistant Quartermaster General, Royal Artillery ; Captain Savage and Captain Harrison, Royal Artillery ; and Captain Stotherd and Captain Williams, Royal En gineers. Professor Christie commenced the examination of 23 gentleman cadets of the theoretical class, at 10 o'clock a.m. ; and the following having passed in a satisfactory manner, have been advanced to the practical class for study in the Royal Arsenal, previous to obtaining con missions :—Richard 11. Stotherd, William H. Noble, Henry Schaw, Edward N. Heygate, George H. Gordon, Augustus J. Clerke, Charles A. Rice, Charles J. Fowler, Henry P. Yates, Murray F. Ferrell, Samuel D. Wright, Henry A. Thrupp, Charles E. Mainwaring, Alexander Gordon, William J. Williams, Charles F. Young, Sand ford Freeling, Oliver R. Stokes, Walter G. Grimston, William D. Guille, Charles E. Oidershaw , Nathaniel - 0. Turner, James F. Pennycuick. Field-Marshal the Marquis of Anglesey, K.G., G.C.8., and G.C.H., Master-General of the Ordnance, presided at the examination in the afternoon, which was con ducted in the practical class by Major-General Paterson, of the Repository Department ; Major-General Lacy, of the Carriage Department ; Colonel Dansey, of the La boratory Department ; and Lieutenant-Colonel Dundas, C. 13 , of the Foundry Department ; Major. General Sir William Gossett, C. 8., and K.C.H., Royal En g ineers ; Lieutenant-Colonel Hardinge, KM.* and Major Cup page, were present, in addition to the other office rs, in the afternoon. The following 'gentleman cadets passed for commis sions, and will be appointed to the Royal Engineers and Royal Artillery : James Liddell, John E. Michell, Charles W. Burry, George C. Henry, Thomas P. Warlow, Charles H. Sedle, William P. Lambert, Richard Warren, Philip Bedingfield, Hugh Williams, Spencer P. Childers, Wil liam H. Mytton, Hon. John J. Bury, Richard P. C. Jones, Henry J. M. Campbell, Reginald 0. Farmer, Alexander Mackenzie, Charles M. Govan, Charles H. H. Ingilby, Robert P. Gabbett. At the conclusion of the examination, his Lordship the Master-General of the Ordnance made an appro. propriate address to the whole of the gentleman cadets, pointing out to them the propriety of their conducting themselves in a manner which would be creditable to the service and profession they wished to follow, and read a report which had been drawn up by the authorities and approved by his Lord ship, a copy of which would be sent to the parents and guardians of every gentleman cadet, to assure them that it was the determination of the head of the Academy to abolish, by the most strong measures, the system of one cadet making a neux of ano ther; and that it would be better for any parent or guardian to withdraw those under their controul at once, if they could not guarantee that the gentleman cadets would refrain from conducting themselves in a manner in direct opposition to the rules of the Academy, as any departure from the regulations nd upon in future. would insure their dismissal. Field Marshal the Marquis of Anglesey was very im pressive in the delivery of his admonition to the g entlem an cadets, and was listened to there can be no doubt s te a s ( t i v i a c t e te w n i t l i l o b n e , a acted His LORDSHIP then delivered the pri zes , and said a kind and encouraging word to esch of th e r ec ipients as the prizes were handed to them by Lieutenant-Colonel with th Lo th r e ds g h r i e p a ' Jones, by direction of Major - General Parker, the Lieu tenant -Governor. G. C. Henry-- , A Regulation Sword.—Practical Class. W. H. Noble —First Class Mathematics. A. R. Clarke —Second Class Mathematics. R. H. Stokes —First Class Fortification. B. M. Parsons—Second Class Fortification. W. G. Noble —French. 11. P. Yates—German. B. Bridge —History and Geography. E. Bainbridge —Military Plan Drawing. A. Gordon —Landscape Drawing. B. Stotherd—Landscape Dr aw i ng. J. Liddell —Surveying, Stotherd—Chemistry. between the gamekeepers and watchers of the Marquis of Anglesey-, and Josiah Spode, Esq., of Armitage Hall, near Rugeley, and a determined g ang A rencontre took place AFFRAY WITII PoActtEas--, twelve to fifteen ion i n a preserve on the Armi tage Bail estate, Monday night last. After a despe rate conflict► in which one of the keepers was severely wounded, and a poacher shot through the thigh, five of the offenders were secured. They have since undergone of poachirs, from an examination, and then committed fur trial.-131r• milham Gazette. CRISIS IN THE COTTON TRADE.' PUBLIC MEETING AT OLDHAM. On Monday evening last, pursuant to notices to that effect, a public meeting of the inhabitants of Oldham was held in the large room of the Town hall, for the pur po:o of ~ taking into consideration the propriety of re commending to the mill-owners and manufacturers of Oldham and its vicinity the urgent necessity of working short time during the present stagnation of trade, and the high price of cotton, in accordance with a memorial presented to theut from the associated cotton spinners on the 191.11 of October last, and which memorial prayed them to adopt Shod time for a season." The placards convening the meeting - announced that Mr. Charles M Hindley, '.P., would 'attend, and explain the necessity for adopting . the short - time system. The room was crowded to excess, chiefly by factory operatives, forming an indisputable proof of the great interest they take in the present state of the trade. A considerable number of master cotton spinners and manufacturers were seated on the platform, but they did not take any part in the proceedings. John Mills, an operative spinner, was unanitncusly called to the chair. He opened the basin* S 3 in a short but p,-intt d introductory speech, in which he expressed his conviction, that in order to avoid the extension of the prevalent stagnation, and a recur rence of the scenes of 1842, it was vitally necessary that there should be an immediate abridgment of the hours of labour for a season. (Applause). It was said by some that the deficiency in the crop of cotton amounted to 500,000 bales, and if no measures were taken to avert the approaching stagnation, the result might be the thrown ' r out of work of 30,000 or 40,00 0 hands. He trusted the working classes generally were beginning to understand that the state of trade was always regulated by the principle of supply and demand, and they should act in accordance with such facts.—(Applause). He re regretted to announce that a letter had been received from Mr. Hindley, M.P., stating that he was unable to attend in consequence of indisposition. Benjamin Tay lor, an operative, moved the first resolution, which was to the effect, "That in the opinion of the meeting it was highly de,irable for the welfare of both the employers and employed to adopt the short time system for a sea son, in consequence of the much greater advance that has been made in the price of cotton than in the prices of goods 'and yarn, and the necessity of avoiding the throwing out of employment or the reduction of wages of a great number of the operativei." Thomas Wilson, en operative, seconded the motion. The chairman next read the letter of Mr. Hindley, which was dated the 14th instant. Ambrose Hurst, author of a recently published volume of poetry, supported the motion in a spirited speech. In his opinion, unless a speedy restriction was placed on the powers of 'production in cotton mills, the advancing price of cotton _would so far encroach on the amount of capital as to Begin to affect the wages of the working classes in an injurious proportion. Robert Bardsley, an operative, moved the second resolution, to the effect, " That the meeting, being' duly impressed with the embarrassed state of trade, earnestly desire the 'master spinners and manufacturers of Oldham t 9 eo op'rate with the employers of other places to work short time for a season." John 'Brewer, a delegate from the taisosno, which was spinnersciatedcottonunaniunanimously mous of B p u s l s t e o d. n, a T ec h o e nd p e r d oc t e h e e di m ng % terminated by a vote of. thanks to . the chairman.—Man chester Courier. REDUCTION of the DUTY on TEA NOTTINGRAm, WEDNESDAY. —Yesterday there was a meeting of the council of this borough, at which a motion Vvaa made to memorialise the Government in favcur of a 'i&luttion of the duty on tea. W. FELKIN, merchant, who has published nume rthissiatisticalstatuments connected with various branches tirtrade, addressed the council at great length, and re ferrefl to calculations which warranted the conclusion that any reduction of duty would be counterbalanced by an increase of consumption. The reduction he proposed was to lower the duty to Is. per lb., though perhaps be ought to say, that he was hardly settled in his mind whether a differential or uniform duty would be the' best. He proceeded to argue that if our trade with China`viere conducted upon fair, equitable principles, it might be va stly increased. It was a fact that the Chinese only laid a duty of 5 per cent. on our goods, while we impose a duty of between 200 and 300 per cent. on articles im ported from China. According to the last census, China contained a population of 367,682,907 individuals, who, in case of an amicable intercourse upon equal terms, might take an immense quantity of onr goods in ex change for their tea. He could not but feel convinced, if' the duty were reduced to one shilling per pound, and the consumption was raised from 44 to 60 millions of pounds. that the result, as far as regarded the trade of this country would be highly beneficial, and he had no hesitation in expressing his confidence, should the mea sure be carried, that a very large amount of our manu factures will be in request to supply the demand in the extensive empire of China. Respecting the advantage to the tea trade from the - proposed alteration he offered the following calculation :—Supposing 44 millions of pounds of tea cost on board 2,200,000/., freight and all charges on same 550,000/., the duty at 2s. 2id. per lb. would be 4,812,500/., making a cost of 7,562,5001. Profit to the home trade at 30 per cent, 2,268,7501., making a total of 9,831,2501. Now the calculation un der the new duty would give a consumption of 66 millions of pounds of tea, at a cost of 3,300,000/. ; freight at 3d. per lb., 825,000!.; duty at Is. per lb. 3,300,000!. ; profit at 30 per cent., 2,277,5001. ; cost of 39,285 tons of sugar at 40/. a ton, 1,571,4001. ; freight at ld. per lb., 366,666/.; duty on ditto (foreign) 21s. 824,9861.; profit at 30 per cent, 828,9121. —making a total of 13,244,463/, andleaving a surplus of 3,413,2131. in amount beyond our existing trade. Increase of profits being 787,6521., and of freights 641,6661. It would take our largest and best ships to carry this quantity of tea and would extend benefits through all branches of trade and commerce. With re gard to the important question of the revenue, which amounted to 4,124,0001., he calculated that by the reduc tion in the duty, the consumption of tea would increase, so as to leave the revenue c nly three quarters of a mil lion short of what it now is. How much trade and com merce would increase, he could not calculate, but he thought by the reply of Lord J. Russell to a deputation who waited on him on this subject, there could be no doubt a great increase would take place. With these remarks he begged to move the following memorial : "TO THE RIGHT HON. THE FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY. " The Memorial of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Bur gesses of the town of Nottingham, " Humbly showeth—That your memorialists are of opinion that the duty at present levied upon tea is ex cessive ; and that it is expedient, for the following among other reasons, it should be forthwith reduced :—lt has had the effect of greatly limiting the consumption of tea and sugar amongst the labouring and middle classes, to whom the use of tea has become one of the comforts of life. It has materially crippled our trade with China, and thereby interfered prejudicially with the employ ment of labour and capital in connexion with our foreign business. It is an unjust and impolitic return for the liberal tariff imposed by the Chinese upon British pro duce and manufactures. And as your memorialists have from past experience reason to hope that the revenue now derived from this source would, in a compara tively short period, be replaced by the increased con sumption of teas at a lower duty, combined with that received from the consequent much augmented use of sugar, and from other collateral sources, they would earnestly urge upon your lordship the propriety of a reduction in the tea duty to one shilling per pound, either by an ad valorum duty so arranged as not to average more than that sum per pound on the probable consumption, or by an uniform duty upon all qualities of tea." The motion was seconded, and after some discussion was carted unanimously. SALT MONOPLY IN INDIA.—Mr. Felkin afterwards addressed the meeting in reference to the oppressive na ture of the salt monopoly in India, and moved the adop tion of a memorial, praying that the monopoly in the manufacture of salt in India, and also the duty on the import of salt into that country might be abolished. . Tl.e memorial was unanimously adopted. AMERICAN AFFAIRS NEW YORK, Not'3o.---The Great Western left the city on the aftOrrOoit of the 26th, the wind blowing a gale. The text niottiine between eight and nine o'clock, she crossed the bar andliitt to sea. During tlie past wbelt %ve have bad a most tempestuous gale of wind on our tag' ' Among other disasters, the Norwich and Wooster Itailway Company have sustained the total loss of the splendid steam-boat Atlantic, which beat cost the company about 140,000 dollars, and was not more than halt insured; probably less. It is melan choly to add that the captain and some 40 other persons were drowned or crushed to death when the boat went to pieces. All our journals are filled with details. The weather has been intensely cold for several days, insomuch that our canals are icebound and closed ; a warm rain, however, would again open them for a fw days. A large amount of bread stuffs is caught in the ice by this sudden change of weather. We have nothing new from Washington. Very little, and that of no importance, has transpired in relafion to the forthcoming Presidential message on the opening of Congress. It is generally thought, however, that the Administration feel their own incapacity to manage the war. Hastily and indecorously as they acted towards General Scott, at the commencement of the campaign, they are now disposed to retrace their steps, and to place some reliance on the practical experience of this gallant soldier. Of course, nothing is known as to the contem elated movement of the army under the new organisa tion ; but it may be fairly presumed that much, perhaps all, is to be left to the sound discretion of the command ing general; and this is the more probable, as the Pre sident, since be was outwitted by Santa Anna, has been looking in every direction for an avenue by which he might escape from further responsibility. It is understood that General Taylor will not move from Monterey; and that General Scott's command and operations will be entirely separate and distinct. It is c onjectured, and, perhaps, with good reason, that Gene ral Scott's present destination is Tampico ; but ultimately Verao Orleans lc a C n r s u , z .0 Inon' boardwhich event he pa e packet e e t .ship probablyd union. F l r a o y m siege New New tooVrleearansCie proceeds,r i uxbothby l ‘N an it d h a a n s d sea. as practicable, however, i s we re speculation, and may be incorrect. Under such a sta te of things, should they occur, the great and im portant question is—what will be the movements of Santa Anna? He is ardently concentrating in ene point , and for some object, the military force of Mexico. He is no t the man to make such a display without a preci se and specific object. It is expected that the nine regiments of volunteers recen tly ordered, and now mustering in the Uni ted St a te s ' service, will be in Mexico in 60 days. T he Go verment is at this moment chartering vessels for their tr a nsportation. I apprehend , ho wever, that this esti mate will nct be realized, and that it will re q uire at least 90 days to concentrate this fo rce, p erha p s lon g er. General Scott and suite sa iled this mornin g for New to his place of destination. A GENEv lit E tle delay T szT ll it is l ' . ~ TIM VELLEIL LITERATURE. ----- - A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. I. By William Bernard Mac Cabe. After the illustrious and remarkable writers who have written the history of this our England, any work, now a-days, at all bearing upon that noble study appears a superfluous, and, to some extent, an impertinent in trusion. o many inimitable authors have penned the records of the land, that any addition to their labours, is apparently an act of utter supererogation. Whoever would adventure upon the publication of such an addition must prepare himself to be regarded with suspicion ; and must even apolo gise for his audacity by a eandid and minute explanation of his reasons for attempting such an un dertaking. The public invariably expect this, and, to speak plainly, they are fully entitled to expect it. Otherwise the press might be teeming with, the lum ber of modern commentary upon ancient events. The jealousy which is thereby evinced, for all historical compositions, protects the public from libraries of useless and unwieldy volumes. With the voluminous productions of Rapin, of Holinshed, of Hume, of Lingard, and others upon our bookshelves—with the inestimable fragments contributed to our national history by Hallam, by Sharon Turner, by Lord Lyttleton, by Charles J. Fox, by Si: Thomas More, and the like—with perspicuous historiettes of Oliver Goldsmith and his followers, at our command—we must acknowledge that we are 4isinclined to wel come any one, however eminent, or however learned. who, to employ a vulgar simile, merely "dishes up . ' old materials in a new form. We have a species of antipathy for any one who will thus dare to profane a sanctuary hallowed by the footsteps of the writers already enumerated. We look with suspicious cu riosity even to the forth-coming work by the Right • Hon. Thomas Babington Macaulay. We are satis• fied that this distinguished man will give some satis -1 factory reasons for the employment of his capacious mind upon a history which has already evoked the wisdom, the eloquence, the research, impartiality, and the judgment of a Sharon Turner and a. Hume, of a Lingard and a Hallam. Still we shall look for those reasons, as an explanation to which we are fully en titled. Impressed thus earnestly with the necessity for some comprehensive uubosoming, in every new historian of English history, we 'have turned with much inquisitiveness to the introduction prefixed to this preliminary volume by Mr. Mac Cabe. We have read that introduction attentively, and have subsequently scrutinised the eleven chapters of his history iss yet published. And after a dispas sionate examination of these pages, we say, that the work promises to be a valuable addition to our national literature. It interferes in no one particular' with the writings of preceding historians, and that it does not, a few words will testify. The merit of Mr. Mac Cabe's work is the novelty of its conception and execution. Instead of filtering the stream of history through his own judgment, as his predecessors had invariably done, he here gives us the waters of that stream pure and sparkling from its different fountains. The book indeed is scarcely so much a production of his own as a transcript from the productions of others. It is a series of well-connected translations from various ancient writers, the obscurities of which are elucidated in foot-notes, and the contradictions of which are reconciled by a similar arrangement. The author had remarked, in his historical studies, .that Rapin, Hume, and the rest, had all of them their apparent blemish 7 —their, authorities are always ex, eluded from their pages, and the "English reader is seldom permitted to know snore of them than the titles of their works." For the purpose of correcting what appeared to him such an intolerable omission, • Mr. .M'Cabe conceived to himself the ' notion of affording us the descriptions of these ancient authorities themselves—ef stringing those descriptions together, so as to form a tolerable connected whole, and thereby of producing a pure and unimpeachable record of our national events. Wherever there might be discrepancies or improbabilities. in these authori ties, the reader could judge for himself, instead of trusting to the opinions of any intermediate party. If this work have any merit at all, says Mr. Mac Cabe,— " That merit will be found to consist in the originality of its plan—in the attempt, however feebly executed, to make the reader acquainted with the writings ; with the thoughts of Gildas, Nennius, Bede, Asser, Ethelwerd, Florence of Worcester, Eadmer, Simeon of Durham, William of Malmsbury, Eddins, Henry of •Huntingdon, Roger de Hoveden, John Bromton, William of Newbury, Roger de Wendover, Mathew Paris, Nicholas Trivet, Ralph Higden, Goscelin Sprott, Walsingham, Knighton, Capgrave, &c., &c., &c.; to do this, not by mere extracts from them, but by making their words the text out of which the history is compiled, and by combining them together, to give a consecutive narrative of the ancient annals of the country. In short, by introducing the reader to• those venerable monks, and leaving him to learn history from their lips." From the writings of Aldhelm, Boniface,•Alcuin, and Lanfranc, he might have selected a multitude of passages in illustration of the brilliancy and vividness with which they can delineate a scene, pourtray a character, or narrate an occur rence. Mr. Mac . Cabe has contented himself with a few, which he ,has interpolated in his intro duction. The present volume closes with the reign of Egbert, in 836. It is a most copious and pictu re quer t eord of all the preceding events. The English 'Historical Society is already engaged in the publica tion of our ancient chroniclers, biographers, and histo rians, in their original languages. The present book is a translation of those chroniclers, biographers, and historians. To the scholar the former work will be most valuable. To the general reader the latter work will • be invaluable. Mr. M'Cabe deserves every com mendation for the extent to which he has tasked his erudition, and for the industry with which he has compiled his materials. The ' Catholic History of England," while it affords us a knowledge of the English people, as well as of the English kings, in re mote times, is a lasting monument of the research and intelligence of its author. DESTITUTION IN ZETLAND.—A criminal trial took place at Lerwick, a few days ago, of two men who were tried before the Sheriff and a jury, on a charge of house breaking and theft. It appeared in evidence that the 4t two lads had broken in - through the slated roof of a warehouse at North Yell, and taken a quantity of meal." And what was the cause of such a crime ? The defence. was, that hunger had compelled them to this mode of getting food." The panels were found guilty, but were " recommended to leniency, we suppose, on account of their poverty and hunger," and they were sentenced each to three months' imprisonment. Such is the state went of this case, What dies it disclose ? What, but that in Zetland there are individuals—young men—per- 4.•!..40 4... ~............- --.--. - „ sons hitherto of unblemished character, but now having a stigma affixed to their names for life—driven to crime — not from choice butLof necessity, compelled to break the laws of their country to keep in their existence. We are told they entered a storehouse, and stole a " quantity of meal." Wby did they not take tobacco, sugar, porter, soap, molasses, crockery - ware, tea, or other articles ? Why was it merely "a quantity of meal ?" There is a truth telling eloquence in the words, " a quantity of meal." It speaks of starvation. Bad as Ireland really is, it is not, on the whole, in a condition nearly so wretched as the county of Zetland. In Ireland, no " lad" need starve. A generous Government has provided means to prevent such a calamity there. But what is doing for Zetland ? Why, the same corre spondent who furnished us the report of the trial we have referred to, informs us that " poverty has now got loose amongst us. No work is to lie had, except for a few men, employed in draining by Mr. Davidson of Lax firth." He adds a hint that, if some public works were set agoing, " they might save many from utt er starva tion.' This is truly a most pitiable state of matters, and calls loudly for aid. A patient, persevering, the deeply wrongly and oppressed group of islands is on the brink of starvation, and there is nothing doing on its behalf ! The Zetlanders have been long overlooked — their social and physical condition has not been inquired into—and we hold that, unless something be immediately done on their behalf, results the most disastrous cannot but follow.—John 0' Groat Journal. Tu. NEW PLANET.—The present distance of the new planet, expressed in common measure, is about 3.200,000,000 English miles from the sun, and about 3,100,000,000 from the earth. Its distance from Uranus —whose motions it disturbs—is about 150,000,000 miles. Its diameter is about 50,000 miles. That of Uranus is about 35,000 ; of Jupiter, 85,000 ; of Saturn, 79,000 ; of the earth, 8, 000 . Its cub ic bu lk is to that of the ' earth as 250 to 1. The new planet is the largest in our system except Jupiter and Saturn ; and since these two planets, as well as Uranus, are each attended by a train of satellites, it is extremely probable that the new planet will have a similar accompaniment. We had the pleasure of seeing the planet on Thursday night from the Calton-hill. It comes to the meridian a few minutes before nine, and is within a short distance of Saturn it is nut distin gu i s h a bl e f r om a. With a power under 200, fixed star.—Edinburgh Paper. AN UNWELCOME VISITOR On Thursday night the inmates of the Fountain Hotel, Sheerness, were much alarmed by the following occurrence :—Shortly after Mrs. Gregory, the landlady, had retired to rest, she heard her bed room door opened and shut again, but imagining it to be her husband, she took no notice of it; but the opening of the door a second time attracted her attention. when she saw, from the dim light of a night shade, a short figure, which she concluded was that of her mother, who slept in an adjoining room ; however, shortly afterwards, hearing a rustling noise under her be, at the same time noticing a smell as of something burning, she became alarmed , a nd hastenin g to her mother's bed-room for assistance, returned with her to her own bed room, and, looking under the bed, observed the naked feet of a man. Alarmed at the circumstance, they immediately ran down stairs for help, when Mr. Gregory, accompanied by the waiter, pro ceeded to the room. The tellow having been disturbed in his concealment. attempted to make his escape, and which he would have effected at the moment, but for two gentlemen who were sia)ing at the hotel, and who intercepted him in his intended flight. He was then handed over to the watchman, from whose custody he escaped, and running down to the pier, took refuge in a barge, lying alongside. The crew being aroused, quickly routed the intruder from his retreat, and after inflicting on him a severe chastisement, he was suffered to depart. He was dressed in the garb of a sailor. Under Mrs. Gregory's bed were found his stockings and a piece of burnt rag, which he is supposed to have ignited, for what purpose does not appear. DETENTION of the EDINBL RG MAIL-GREAT SNOW STORM; In the absence of authentic information, mush specu lation exists as to the fate of the two Saturrth-y.mails from London, one of which was due at nine o'aPiet* -fin Sunday morning, and the other at eight o'cloek-aulYriie veiling of the same day. hut neither of which up to a late hour last night had arrived. The two ~:revious mails from London were, detained several hours tie-yund their usual time in consequence of a heavy- fall iL,f on the road between NeweaAle and .lierwick. On Sunday - the snow had increased to such a de;,th the mail from Newcastle -that -day did not arri‘e in EdinbUrgh till yesterday morning, having occupied eighteen hours in coming from that town to Ber wick, instead of the usual spate of eight hours; notwith standing it had the aid of two additional horses. No certain information has been received to account for the detention of the mails from the south of Newcastle. It is reported, however; that a mail train was blocked up in snow on the line about forty or fifty miles to the north of York, and that it was so thoroughly embedded that the power of several additional engines sent to render assMance had been - unable to extiicate it. OF course, if this be the stlte of matters that line will be rendered completely impassable, and all the subsequent mails may be accumulated at nearly the same place. Whatever be the cause, this is the longest detention of the London mail that has taken place for a great many yearn. We observe from our Glasgow contemporaries of yesterday, that their communication from the south had nut sus tained any interruption, so it seems evident that the storm has been confined to the east coast. The Inver ness mails, due on Saturday and Sunday, were both behind their usual time from a similar cause, the latter by seven hours, and the one which was due yesterday morning had not arrived at twelve o'clock last night. We learn that the snow storm prevails generally in several of the north-eastern counties, and th at at Montrose and Brechin on Saturday the snow was nearly six feet deep. This severe snow storm appears to have passed over us for there has been no snow in the Lo thians since the thin coating which fell about ten days ago. A frost of great keenress has prevailed here since Thursday, and continues with unabated severity. The lochs and ponds are all frozen, and curlers and skaters are enjoying their healthy exercise under most favour able circumstances. We may add, that on Saturday night a great number of falling stars were observed, and that vivid fleshes of lightning illuminated the sky fur a considerable time.—Edinburgh Advertiser. STATE OF TRADE 1N PAISLEY AND THE UNEMPLOYED. A meeting of manufacturers was held on Monday week, with the magistrates regarding the prospects of trade and the probable continuation of the depression. - At that conference a great many subjects were talked over, relating to the cause - of the depression and its prof able issue. It was stated by a manufacturer, that one cause of the depression•was, that plain cloth, which is at . present brought into town. for shawl printing in large quantities from Caine in England, can be got woven there for about the half that is paid in Paisley— the rate being, for n piece of cloth sixty-six inches wide and thirty yards long, with twenty-four to twenty-six shots on the glass,. 6s. 6d. per piece in Caine, while for the same piece, 125.• would have to be paid' to the weaver in, Paisley, and with this ad ditional advantage in fav our of the English manufac turer, that his cloth was woven from coops, while the Paisley maker would have to pay 4s. additional for pirn • winding, making his total payment for labour 165., against 6s. 6d. by his rival. It was stated by the repre sentatives of 'two other manufacturing-houses on the other hand, that they Make their cloth in Paisley entirely, and that they can do s). with a handsome profit on their outlay, and 'have their r goods cheaper than any English maker can pro.duce them. The result of the meeting was the calling of a more extended one of ,the business classes on Fri• day, to enter into a sUbsCriptien for affording temporary relief in the, mean time. That meeting accordingly took place in the County Hall ; and,' alter a' very feeling statement of the destilute condition.of a great many, Which was given by the Proiost, who presided, and sup ported by Bailie Hutcheson, it was moved, and unani mously agreed, to open a Subscription, which was com menced On the spot, and a handsonie sum put down. The general _impression amongst the gentlemen in trade at the meeting of Monday seemed to be, that the greater part out of work will be taken , up 'by the end of this month or the beginning of next, - and, so far as we can learn, this has been so much confirnied,Tthat a number of webs have been given out "during the week to those who were out of employment. -Glasgow Post. SALTED SALMON.—The revenue authorities having had under their consideration an application from cer tain parties, owners of a first-class sufferance wharf on the river side, requesting that salted salmon may be allowed to be landed at their wharf, and also the reports of the principal officers of the department thereon, re commending that salted salmon, as British taking, im ported from Newfoundland, may be added to the list of articles allowed to be landed at the particular premises alluded to, and that a similar privilege may be extended to all the first•class sufferance wharves ; orders have been issued for the same to be permitted in future ac cordingly. T REAI BUNT OF PIGS.—A farmer made the follow ing experiment in the treatment of pigs. He put six pigs together for seven weeks. Three of them he left to shift for themselves, and he had three of them curry combed and well cared- for. At the expiration of the seven weeks the latter consumed five bushels of peas less than the former, and weighed two stone four pounds more than they did. Ilion PRICE OF HORSES.—The contir.ual increase. of the means of railway transit does not appear to affect the value of horses, if we may judge frian the prices which have been obtained in the neighbourhood of Salis bury for useful cattle. In the market place, last week, the eart•horses taken off the Salisbury and Bishopstoke railway works were sold by auction at from 304 to 421. each. FALLACY OF THE RIM:OACR OP •S C is vain for the arrogance of learning to condemn the people to ignorance by reprobating superficial know ledge. The people cannot .be profound, but the truths which regulate the moral and political relations of man, are at no great distance from the surface. The great works in which discoveries are contained cannot be read by the people ; but their substance passes through a variet3 of minute and circuitous channels to the shop and the hamlet. The , converson of these works of un productive splendour into latent and unobserved activity, resembles the process of nature in the external world. The expanse of a noble lake—the course of a majestic river, imposes on the imagination,.by every impression of dignity and sublimity ; but it is the moisture that in sensibly arises from them which, gradually mingling with the soil, nourishes all the luxuriancy of vegetation, and adorns the.surface of the earth . .—Sir. James Mackin tosh. A ITArry VALLEY.—In a deep and retired valley of the Pyrenees exists the small indep,nd* nt state of Andorre under the joint protection of France and Spin. It has Laws by prescripth n, which are tdmi nistered b) two judges, one Fr, neh, the other Spanish. This little republic comprises fift) -four villages, with a population of about 12,000 inhabitants, living on the produce of the flocks and herds, their chief wealth. When Napoleon crossed the Pyrenees, on his way into Spain, he stopped at Andorre, the capital, and pro mised to confer on the republic a written code of laws. But this promise concurrent political events prevented him from performing. The inhabitants have at length framed a code for themselves, and it was promulgated last month at the chief town. It is of the greatest sim plicity, comprising all its er actments, civil and criminal, in 100 articles only. Murder is a crime extremely rare in this little state, and, when sentence of death is pro nounced, it cannot be executed until it is confirmed by a general assembly of representatives of the villages con voked at Andorre. The mode of execution is consistent with the nature of the people. At a short distance from the road into Catalonia is a tremendous precipice, the bottom of which no eye of man can discover. The cri minal, with his eyes bound, is led to the edge, and, in the presence of all who w ish to attend, is thrown over by the executioner.—Paris paper. WHY MANUFACTURERS SUCCEED ILL IN IRELAND.. —Excessive indolence and excessive fondness o f mone y together, with a gregarious timidity, and you have na turally accounted for the never ending combinations to enforce the very highest price for the minimum amount of labour and of service. The truth of this fact every speculator and every director of any enterprise in Ireland, sooner or later finds out to his cost. He finds, notvvith standing the tempting appearance of low wages and cheap living, that as soon as there is a demand for labour or food, he has to pay the very highest price for the very smallest return—and this not of his own. option. He is forced to pay it by combinations ; and his concern is consequently often ruined. The labourer who never in his life earned a shilling a day, or indeed knew how, or was able to do it, will, on the first oppor tunity, show his natural gregariousness and his greedi ness, and his native indolence at the same time ; he will combine to compel the payment of ss. a day and never dream of doing more than a s hilling's worth of work. We know that this is not flattering ; neither does it dip deeply into the loved mystification of " past centuries o f oppression," b u t it is nevertheless an existing fact to which operates most injuriouslythe country, ruins many fair e nterprises, and deters the investment ofcapital. —The Topic. TRICKS" or MILKSELLERS. — It happened upon a day at the close of last week, that a " gue housewife was busily engaged preparing dinner, whi d ch was to in clude, amongst other things, a rice pudding. Th e morning's milk was duly mixed with the remains of the previous nights supply, and she was in the act of adding the rice, when, to her astonishment, the milk became very much disturbed, and symptoms that some living thing was the cause of the unusual phenomenon were clearly manifested. Whilst she was wondering what strange creature had taken a fancy to such an element, the cause of her apprehension became apparent, by a fish obtruding its head above the surface, and betraying evi dence of great uneasiness. Whether it had got there by being accidentally ladled with the water into the milk can, and was warned by a kind of instinct of the fate that awaited it, or whether, from motives of pure love to the human species. it had sprung into the milk unseen by th e person who was diluting it, and ventured on a dangerous who d iffi are difficulty. Thos e tome d. accexpedition to expose the practices of the milk - seller, we are of course unable to say; but the parties for whose are r solution such)of the benefit this fact is related, can probably give a natural, if not very (if accustomed milk-sellers satisfacto ry there s e lity i oo to dip their cans into the fitst brook or ditch they come to, should endeavour to do so before the darkness of the winter evening has come on, and rendered it impossible for them to see what kind of animals - or filth the watt may contain, or else after the dull mist of the moraii has vanished—or many such ambassadors as the /Jule visitant we have referred to, will be sent to the el A v ni estie hearth, to disclose the doings of the nianuraciu:rers Of " half-and-1114f "—Derby Veporter. ,-, • •. r ye , ' pa tea ath 0 11 or the old