The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-26 00:00:00

,T 0 _ . -the .Honourable the COMMONS of the UNITED KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, 'a Parliament assembled, • . The PETITION of the Undersigned INHABITANTS of BRITISH GUIANA, interested in the staple Products of SUGAR, Mt - LASSES, RUM, &c., "produeed in said Colony, That Showeth : -mat the Agricultural - and Commercial Distress which arose in thief Colonylt at-the time of the Emancipation.in 1838, still continues to be —el l' felt, andthat, although a very large sum of money has been Ttiended by this Colony in procuring Free Labourers from India, t i,7 l e-a, and Madeira; little or no appreciable effect has yet been pro geed on the price or efficiency of labour. tz That this distress is, at the present time, much aggravated by an e e &atal cause, namely, that the unusually severe rains that oc ed in the early pieta; 1845 were followed by a season of unpre tiltnted intensity and duration of drought, whereby the sugar crop t" Present year has been so diminished that the exports of 1846 e xiseeted to fall one-third short of those of the preceding year. , That, at a time when the affairs of the Colony are but commencing the from the effects of the crisis of 1838, the recent changes in 10,Sugar Duties, and the removal of the protection which free-la it7' sugar enjoyed, threaten to produce a second crieis, which can- Parthat your Petitioners are glacl to find so full a recognition, on the abi:,, il Of the Government and of so many Members of your Honour no,",ouse, of the necessity of removing such disabilities and restric pm' as still continue to fetter the West India Interest, and which v e Peculiarly irksome in its present depressed and critical circum ,.,_ ei • _ Your Petitioners co that, in the rin -4 "I'4 " Which guided the Legislature in the co recent nsistenc fis y cal with enactme p nts, ran , t lealarly in admitting raw aterial duty free, they are Molasses into to expect the free admissions of British Plantation Sugar and '''asses into the Breweries and Distilleries of Great Britain. t, notwithstanding the admission of the principle that " Rum ;4733ritish Spirits should be placed on a precise equality in the home le n k ts," the differential duty of is. now levied is unjust to the Co•• th e ea : inasmuch as the statements of British Distillers relied on by ey,.."eglsilature, when that duty was imposed, have been shown to be disr - rated, and to be - more than counterbalanced by the peculiar ,_ nes affecting the-West India Distillers. ti,that every encouragement should be given to Sugar Planters in ,i I tt ;_a r Dplication of greater skill and better machinery to . the original 9 1 , 1 6,,4_ Process rank and that Sugars produced from the cane-Juice should 8 ,.,'° case be ed with Sugars properly called Refined Sugars, nor 42,1,,eted tO the duties imposed on such. ti, fhat although the influx. of Immigrants into the Colony has rte been been insufficient to supply the demand for Agricultural La grZ ,!rs, the addition made to the peculation fm this source, at "expense to the Local Treasury, has nevertheless proved highly ta t ."„ucial, as evidenced,by the increased crops of the estates on which ~ Immigrants have been located. e It raore copious stream of Immigration would not only enable the :°nY to regain, but also to surpass, its former capacity as an ex keti!ng country ; and the certainty of this advantage would tend to ia m L t ate the introduction of the capital necessary to the adoption of fe r .',''''ved methods 'of agriculture, and better processes of menu ',tire. • . • That the Colony is content to continue to bear the expense of the 7 1) sPort of African Emigrants, provided only that Parliament, in its le.! l °M. would more effectually check the Slave Trade, by substitut cos for an expensive blockade of the Coast of Africa, a system of en , th i agernent to the Potentates of the African Continent to allow 1,,,` r subjects to profit , as free men, by the civilisation now in pro /4" amongst - their unindentured African brethren in the West •:- e s • hi , s 4Y it, therefore, please your Honourable House to take the fore ht t ';,lt Statements 'pp consicUratton, and to grant to your Petitioners aadt r distressed and...critical circumstances, the beforementioned deem lit, eh °thel • misiseurts of relief as your honourable House may , An . Bri ti a Petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray. ' a u Ottlana, Oct. 19, 1846. NEW .DRAWING PENCILS, to ad. each, or 2s. 6d. per Dozen, got up in polished cedar, to oriprevent the lead dust adhering to the pencil and soiling the hands, ip ' "Id degrees of hardness and the makers' names stamped on them t0 r ;,..• ROWNEY, DILLON, and ROWNEY (late Rowney and Manufacturers, 51, Rathbone-place, London. To be had of —ooksellers and Stationers in town and conntii. FromTESTIMONIALS. J. A. Hammersley, Esq., Head Drawing Master of the Government School of Design, Nottingham. " Sept. 8. 1846. car Sirs,—l have tried all the lee pencils you forwarded to me, o nsider them the best I have ever had ; indeed, it is impossible tieW to compare them with any others, as they possess qualities I r , yet found in pencils, amongst 'Mitch I may name their beau tny,,,l-,ansParency and clearness. I have not only made use of them 11 0 "', but have had them tried by several students in this and their their excellence is acknowledged by my pupils. The double kr e rood superbpencils. - "I am, Sirs, " Yours most repectfully, "J. A. HAMMERSLEY." — eorge Barnard, Esq., Head Drawing Master, Rugby School. "85, Great Portland-street, London, June 25, 1845. the Fit tb A ,luality and value of your new pencils, I do not hesitate to say h_nd them excellent - In all respects, witk entire freedom from tin ef f i Ld 'working well, whether hard or sort. These qualities, corn -411180, w ith their moderate price, render them very valuable to !lid their pupils. "Truly yours. " G. BARNARD." From George Petrie, Esq., R.H.A. " " Great Charles-street, May 27, 1 845 . e G „-, o od ,"nen,—l have tried the set of pencils which you were sc . "4)4 ' 0 send me, and I have no hesitation in expressing my opi 3 ei rs hurt they are far superior to any that I have used for many then,„Perhaps, indeed to any that I ever used. Were the price of etire three or four times what it is, I should take them with plea ' ' Ul ci I shall recommend them confidently to my friends. " I am, Gentlemen, " Faithfully yours. "GEOEGE PETRIE, R.H.A." M rs. Rowney and Co." C.„„ "53, B/ackett-street, Nawcastle-on-Tyne, July, 1845. „ 1 411,,`" ,,, eMen,—1 have made use of your new pencils, and consider 4 hey. m oat desirable acquisition either to the artist or the amateur. OI pr o Vrk pleasantly, and the variety of tint which they are capable tt eing renders them valuable in sketching. "I am, Gentlemen, "Yours most truly, Ig ?bre 88r,. " T. IL RICIIARDSON " , Sen." Roey, Dillon, and London. to ibm a e nufact wn urers particularly ßowney request , the attention of the trade et lr ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. -t, PERMISSION.-PROFESSOR „s :ENBEIN'S GUN COTTON, differing from all other ape "eently before the public, is LECTURE D on, with other ex `4, er e „ e ? ' , Pounds by Dr. RYAN, daily at Half past Throe; and on Th. 'u n gs of sto'ndays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Ttbd Principle of the ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH DEMONSTRA dEY bY Profe r BACHHOFFNER, especially with reference Patent of Messrs. Nett and Gamble, By the OXYHYDRO 4. TOI7 4C ROSCOPE are exhibited specimens of the DISEASED PO- Zith, t Z. showing the Leaves, Cuttings of the Tubers, &c., together n ESTRUCTIVE INSECT, supposed, by A. Smile, Esq., bb irA to be the cause of the disease. The PHYSIOSCOPE, I ''G EXPERIME %TS, DISSOLVING VIEWS, by Smith, &c. e Admission Is. Schools, half-price. 1,/.wisitire NEW and BEAUTIFUL SERIES of DISSOLVING 0 „,„ will be introduced at CHRISTMAS, and the Institution will v . ..a on the evening of Saturday, the 26th. AGUE BREAD COMPANY. th r t _ The Directors of the above Company beg to inform th e P u bli c 4, 1 heir Bakery. Upon an extensive scale, is being erected in St. te-street, Cl er kenwell, and will shortly be completed. 're meet immense demand made upon them for " Pure anadultered lad." the Directors are selecting Depots In all parts of the Metro. t. B , a list of which will be published with the Agent's names. The !rectors think it necessary to caution the Public, that some shops n ave been opened und e r a co l ourable i m i ta ti on of the name of the ;ornpany, without the auth or it y o f t h e Board, and that they must be held responsible for the quality of the Bread sold therein. QY —4 have given instructions to their o licitors to take the necessary 2 Ures to put a stop to such practice S s. 2, A. By order, EDWARD PARRATT, Secretary. _____•xiderman-walk, New Broad-street, City. es WARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE ASS IJR °. 11, T i , ANCE COMPANY. --, 4IBARD-STREET, at the Entrance of the Old Post office, London. DIRECTORS. /Ten._ JOHN LABOUCHERE, Esq., Chairman. p_ -...7 4„,_ JOHN DIXON, Esq., Deputy-Chairman. 4 fanes, b `use Berens, Esq. George Lyall, Esq., M.P. .7„ l r Wahlfrt Dyke, Esq. Stewart Ifarjoribanks, Esq., M.P. JelinBn 11. Farquhar, Bart. John Martin, Esq., M.P. ell 4 ~,. " rtankey Jun ESC Rowland 31irchell, Esq. 4 . ~,,, 9. •P .. Robert Milford, Esq. ili a Gent i; ft,__ . brand Hubbard, Esq. James Morris, Esq. 4 ibl`s:‘l hnstone, Esq. Henry R. Reynolds, jun., Esq. b. Esq. John Thornton, Esq. Loyd, jun., Esq. A. pr James Tulloch, Esq. L. • Roberts. Esq AUDITORS. ' , olllel JOIIeS Loyd. E in. I Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq. 1 I ._ n the LIFE DEPAiti. Aextu.sil_ Gri I Henry Norman, Esq. participation? ' 14 1 1 1 1 th Davies, Esq., F.R.S. 7; i ir Rates without . Assurances may be effected at ....._ t b Participation in one moiety the Profits ;or at moderate Rates e Profits every seven years. At th e fie the three Septennial divisionapervfcheich this Company has made, -- 22_ 1 0nuses sunounted to about 1 C l red. or about 27 per cent. on the ce n t per annum on the suns ka the whole amount of Reversionary 11 0 ,1_ of premium received ; LO exceeded 530,0001. 5 allotted by the Com "s granted on Life Policies to the extent of their fined Policies shall have been effected a aufn d values, pro /4 , k t in each case a value not under 501. eut Ulna to have $l4 tr FIRE DEPARTMENT, a Return of profit vra. declare d whi ch 3th of June, upon the premiums received on an Policies L ao been In force seven years at Christmas 1845, and the e m ies kbt," in course of payment daily (Friday and Saturday excepstaed).e ten the hours of ten and three o'clock, at the Head Office; an d il•f e Z the Agents in the Country Districts. bl a: e se is hereby given, that Assurances which expire at Christ g'Y Must be r en ewed within fifteen days a t this Oftlee, or with tile c ar : , s. No. 1, St. James's-street, corne r of Pall-mall, o r with %lbe°V-01IdanY's Agents throughout the Kingdom, otherwise they b, GEORGE KEYS, Seeretary, N v rioNAL LOAN FUN!) LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, 26 CORNIIILL, LONDON. Capital 1,500,000. t his i ns „ Empowered by Act of Parliament. h :l utntion embraces important and substantial advantages •M. h , l'et to Life Assurances ani Deferred Annuities. The assured eit t u.. all occasions, „- of the the power to borrow, without expense or for- . i lso tp.„,ne meet 'elle'', two- th irds of the Premiums paid (see Table) , tolen of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in- Ass oth ti kte nre ay .,_ er conveniences or necessity. s• for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible 1 1lie r emarkable_ bled DIVISION OF PROFITS. 1....7 18 success and increasing pros p e rity of the Society ".urth the Directors, at the last annual investiga tion, to declare 4 cli p oll , varYing from 35 to 85 per cent. on the prem iums p aid cY effected on the Profit scale. ':-...._ EXAMPLES. ° A ss 7 2 1 ed Premi um. ~"4 Bonus Bonus in 9a. A m w ay ri added.. Cash. "E 3 g Borrow. o so 1. 6. 1837 2 217 15 1!£100 11£ 1 16 3 lu o 24.£349155 110 01 I°oo I 4 1 4 . 1 8 192 3 0 , 87 „ 1 :1 3 1 346 2 3 9 18 811 10' 18 10 296 13 4 1840 116 713 54 0 10 i •- - 247 4 5 ilB4l 11 1 6 61 4910 01 710 4 divisionDThe Riber r or i . fif. °- the p res — "' ig aanual, and the next will be nude in "t Year. P. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary. CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 4,0 . 78, Great Russell-street, BloomsbUry- Instituted 1524. .-- 4 / 4 1 ext. 'MIRTH DIVISION OF ?Ruffs. !nu ~aordinarY General M ting of the Proprietors of this Society 7n4: ;lei(' at the °Mee, in G ee reat Russ street, on Thumper, the Iss " Januar Of decla • Y ensuing, at Twelve o clock precisely, for the pur )l4 - nag a BONUS out of the Profits which have accrued xe 4,, general business of the Society during the Five years end 30tii, 1846, and at that Meeting the Persons Assured have Th4' sa ` of being present. t t itter, Hie Meeting will be made special, in order that the rro ,7. isi r aaY take into consideration the expediency of amending •"' thug some of the existing laws, regulations, and provisions - "` L etY, pursuant to the Deed of Constitution. GEORGE 11. PINCKARD, Secretary. - ORAIATION IN CLEANING CH/M -r ), '• 4l / B ri"'OrS.—The use of the PORTLAND PATENT SPItING 'ee it n ; 4nd CHIMNEY-SWEEPING APPARATUS obviates all „ IrU, tin; ° „ Y , a nee and inconvenience consequent upon the present die :41110; P L ,,an• By it a flue Is completely cleansed without ono ex Ts Riot entering the apartment. A short time ago ~ort,ertueent was made with this apparatus at the House of D4 Per NT " ' the Success of which was complete. Sheets of 'writing hart. ofere Placed upon the chimney-piece, and in various other P "Bele and after the completion of the sweeping sot one soot was discernible upon any of the sheets of paper. fo b e!een at 69, Welbeck-street, Cavendish -square. '4 tent 1-' ll2 Proprietor is willing to grant licensee for the use of this ,A,„___,gvention In the provincial towns of England. ."ta for the Metropolis are required. • _ Jo,R,EDGE'S HEAL-ALL, or celebrated -ttagh, EM CATION.RO has long been known throughout the Wtst of Pain s l 4 . as the most ' efficacious Remedy for Rheumatism, Lunt °ago, ? Ate ;,. n u th e Limbs and Numbness Sciatic and Paralytic Affections, Sprains and Bruises, ' Burns and Scalds, Spasms and to,ii;11). Stiffness of the Joints or Neck, Frczen Limbs, Chilblains be ditertieey are broken. It is likewise an infallible Cure for that dangerous f ail kft:rthe Quinsey or Sore Throat, in whi c h i t was never known to 0 1)3 erv a few hours' application. S 5. Qach bot tlee--That none can b e genu i ne un l ess the Stamp affixed to i, contains the name and address of Barclay and Sons, No i t' d on - street, who have purch ase d the property in this 141'atienoafbrin ar ticle from th e executors of the inventor, 'William Dredge, 0d licj is h_ford, Wilts, retail price, Is. I%d. an d E s. 9d. per bottle ; t r i: r 2 ww, by all respectable Medicine Venders Liz town and .-. . • . ..._ . , . , 4 , V .-- -'/' • ~..- ../e•..-- - ' /4 1 .- :---z . , . . . , ~. . . . . .._ . . . _ ..., i,, - .- , -.., . . 1 -- ----v# ~. ,- Aso .... A .,... t • ..1, rim" -. -„i.. - 4,-,27.' e;,-- 4 \ ' , 4 - *."-- -,--..A• ---:-!: • 4117_y_..- ..) MI • - 4.', , w ', , N., 4 .7 4 1 4 p0t. , 6\ ...5••, (1 , I' ,i'' ' 4 . .A . ...,0, , 4 , _ 0 1 4 4 ,' ' '' 4 iSk- N'r - .;,- ... 4 ." . 7 , \ V o l . lt. giemi ttp • •, 11 . c, :. fALa 1 t 4 '< i- . . 4 • . , e l f . 4, 4 ,,7 - 7 ---- -'.::: ' Z * i • tly I it,- A'.;l' s '" ' 4.7', g - _,; - :i i 're. ii:4' '4 4/ '" - V 1 , I N 1"! g., •,...,_. ,i ' w, ,_ - p t.1. 1, ' , ' * 1) .4* "... 4,:' ' . ' -' :' ‘,, r ) . 4 : 'A: 1.1 ',„ 'el e,, , I .- -4 . '% ‘ 47 . 14 ~:fili 4.3 ' , -•,- )4. )," ~,,,„ . ~... , s'44---- ', - ; ,- - - .3 - , ''' . - ; ':-- ---... '''' Y. lt --- ''''..- . 1 ••••••*.:: , -4 . --,' il 1 Itir, ~..9 - 4 , 10"" - 44... ,t I) , ,re ,‘. 4 4, . ' 14 ,., , , - A L0rr.,..,- ( --*,`,'' -'. 'r''''' ~...." .\\_ E ri No. 16,933. LON DON SAT URDA Y .11 pUST-OFFICE LONDON piRECTORY for The earliest copy of the work has been but a few days issued, and he folloWing Reviews have already appeared in the leading Metre olltan Journals : TIMES, Nov. 18, 1846. The forty-eighth annual publication of this work—the volume for 847—is now issued. It is a wonderfully different affair from the old Directory, which uaL.I to consist of little or nothing more than the alphabetical list of tradesmen ; it comprises now, and has for some years, a " Street Directory," a " Trades' Directory," a " Court Di rectory," a " Postal Directory," a " Conveyance Directory," with a host of other little digests. The volume appears to have been very carefully revised, anti supplies the latest information. Of course, the postal treaty with Prussia has not been overlooked ; and in minor poiats the work seems to bear the test of a search into mat ters in which changes have been very recent. obtained, arranged, and superintended so as to avoid errors, must of itself be among the " curiosities" of modern literature. ATLAS, Nov. 28, 1846 A book of this kind, brought out even without much pretension, would be indispensable to every gentleman's library, every mer chant's eounting house, and every trader's shop. But edited, as this is, with the utmost care, its materials being collected through the most authentic; channels, and embracing in its range every head of personal and commercial intelligence essential to the completeness of such a work, we cannot suppose that any house, public or private, which can afford a book of reference, will be without this compen dious volume. The arrangement is admirable. You can find any name you want in a moment. AU the heads are clear and complete —the court, trades, streets, offices, hotels; forming, upon the whole, a mas; of looal information sueh as could not be brought together without extraordinary industry, assisted by an entire command of all requisite official facilities. As a mere compilation, it is probably the most wonderful on record. , NEW WORK BY " BOZ." On the 31st instant will be published, price is., the Fourth Number of DEALINGS with the FIRM of DOMBEY and SON, Wholesale, Retail, and for Exportation. By CHARLES DICKENS. With Illustrations by HARLOT K BROWNE. London : Bradbury aid Evans, Whitefriars. 1 4 OND ON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY (SOUTHERN DIVISION). ALTERATION OF TRAINS. NOTICE.—The public are informed that on and after the Ist of DECRIILRR next, the following Alterations will be made in the Trains OR this Railway EDFORD. CH. The Train now leaving London at 10 BRA .45 N a.ra. will leave at 11 a.m., arriving at Bedford at about 1.45 p.m. The Trate now leaving London at 4 p.m. will leave at 3.45 p.m., arriving at Bedford at about 6 p.m. A Train will leave Bletehley at 3.15 p.m., arriving at Bedford at about 4 p.m. The Train now leaving Bedford at 10 a.m. will leave at 9.45 a.m., arriving at London at about 12 noon. A new Train will leave Bedford at 11.50 a.m., arriving at London at about 2.45 p.m., and at Birmingham at about 3.35 p.m. LEAINGTON BRANCH. The Train now leaving M Coventry for Leamington at 8.45 a.m. will 'leave at 8.30 a.m.. The Train now leaving London for- Rugby at 3.45 p.m. will leave at 4 p.m. The Train now leaving Aylesbury at 10.30 a.m. will leave at 10.45 a.m., arriving at London at about 12.30 noon. The Train now leaving Birmingham at 8.0.a.m. will leave at 7.45 a.m., arriving at the intermediate stations and London 15 mi nutes earlier than at present. By order, MARK Hursa, Manager , Euston Station, NoT. 24, 1846. lIRANSIT FOR THE MILLION. NORWICH ECONOMIC CONVEYANCE COMPANY, For the conveyance (Registere d(RegisteredProvisionally,) of passengers and small parcels to and from all parts of the city and its environs, at stated intervals during the day, at twopence each ; with power of extension to other towns in Norfolk and Suffolk, upon the principle of the companies . al ready formed in London, Live r p ool, Manchester; Birmingham, &C., 06 C. Capital 200,0001., divided into 40,000 shares of 51. each. 'Deposit per share, being all the Act of Parlia ment 6d. allows to be taken upon shares of this amount. The Company is to be considered formed when MOOD shares are subscribed for. Directors to be chosen from the shareholders. The call on complete registration not to exceed ss. per share. No subscriber to bo liable beyond the amount of his share. Thl:4lTuns. Samuel Big - nold, Esq. Ferdinand hes, Esq. MYLSIONA.I, IVARECTORS. The Mayor of Norwich. Edward Willett, Esq. The Sheriff of Norwich. John Wright, Esq. -Henry Chamberlain, Esq. John Hitting Barnard, Esq. BANKEas.—Messrs. Gurneys and Birkbeal, Norwich. SOLICITORS.—Messrs. Rackham, Cooke, and Rackham, Norwich. SECRETARY (pro. tem.)—Charles S. Gillman, Esq. Offices, St. Giles-street and Bethel-street, Norwich. A prospectus of the undertaking and further information may be obtained of Messrs. Rackham, Cooke, and Rackham, St. Giles-street, and C. S. Gillman, Esq., Bethel-street, Norwich, and Mao of the fol lowing aharebrokers :—Richard Clark and Co., 3, Austin Friars, Broad-street, London ; Thomas Barber, Esq., Royal Bank-buildings, Liverpool ; Thomas Tootal, Esq., Marsden-street, Manchester ; Messrs. Tootal, Barff, and Peint, Leeds ; and Messrs. Grayston and Earle, York, at whose respective offices forms of application for shares may be had. CITY OF LONDON LIFE AS SURA N C E SOCIETY FOR ACCUMULATIVE AND GENERAL AS SURANCES, 2, Royal Exehange-buildings. CONSULTING ACTUARY—J. M. Rainbow, Esq. Notice is hereby given, that, pursuant to the Deed of Settlement of the City of London Life Assurance Society, the First Ordinary Meeting of the Society will be holden at the London Tavern, Bishops gate-street, in the City of London, on WEDNESDAY, the 6th day ofJa nuary, 1847, at Twelve o'clock at noon exact time, to receive a Report from the Directors and Auditors, to fill vacancies in the office of Di rectors, to elect Auditors for the ensuing year, and to declare a Di vidend on the Shares in the Company. Dated the 24th day of December, 1846. E. F. LEEKS Secretary. riIHE NEW PORTABLE ALARUM, size of a small snuff? box, can be placed on the dressing-table, and set to ring .at any hour that may be required. Price, throe guineas, foreign made, or three guineas and a h a lf, E nglish made. T. COX SAVORY and Co., Goldsmiths, Watchmakers, &c., 47, Cornhill (seven doors from Graeechurch-st reet ) , London. N.B. A stock of second-hand Plate always on hand for sale. HINTS on the DAGUERREOTYPE As a great deal of the effect of these portraits, as pictures, results from the manner in which people ge dressed for a sitting, we wish to give our readers a rul. or two, which they would do well to bear in mind Avoid pure white as much as possible. Some ladies dress themselves out in snowy berthas and spotless wristbands; but many a good picture is spoiled by the spottiness occasioned by the powerful action of this colour upon the plate. Violets have also the same effect upon it. A lady takes her sitting in a purple dress, and is astonished to find herself in a white book muslin in her portrait; this particular colour acting more intensely than the pure light upon the prepared silver. The very best kind of dress to wear on such occasions is a satin or a shot silk, or any material, in fact, upon which there is a play of light and shade. Plaids always look well; and an old tartan shawl thrown across the shoulders, and well composed as to folds, would form an, admirable drapery: but this is an artistic liberty which ladies are very loth to submit to. At most of the Daguerreotype establishments, articles of apparel, suitable as regards form and colour, were at first provided ; but nobody used them. "We wish to be taken as we are," was the invariable remark ; and so they were stereotyped to their heart's content in a heap of finery put on merely for effect. We wish ladies would be a little less prim on such occasions. It is quite melancholy to see the care they take to brush the hair, and apply that abomination, fixiture, to make it " look nice ;" whereas, if a good breeze had broken it up into a hundred waves, the effect in the Daguerreotype would have been infinitely more beautiful. And let them by all means abjure the system of making up a face for the occasion. The effect is painfully transparent. The mouth, so expressive in all faces. in these portraits is nearly always alike ; and for the simple reason, that we put its muscles into attitudes which are not at all natural to it—we substitute a volun tary for an involuntary action ; and, of course, stiffness is the result. If the ladies, however, must study for a bit of effect, we will give them a recipe for a pretty ex pression of mouth—let them place it as if they were going to say prunes.—People's Journal. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. On Wednesday last Mr. Bullock Webster gave his second lecture at this establishment, on practical drain ing. On this occasion he confined himself exclusively to the method of draining strong clay soils for surface water only —not where the subsoil itself was filled with water, but where the injury arose from the water resting on an impervious bed of clay. He urged that very d. ep draining on that kind of soil had been tried and failed years ago, and he mentioned the names of several per sons who had proved this, amongst whom we observed was Lord Portman. lie also said that the strong lands in the Weald of Kent, they were returning to the old system of 30-inch drains. There however were, he stated, circumstances under which deep draining may have answered, viz., where there had been a great deal of water under the subsoil which could not get away. He thought that drains at a depth of four or five feet in clays, could certainly do no harm if filled with porous material ; but he conceived that it would add much to the expen-e, without adequate advantage, and he warned his hearers not to form conclusions too hastily. In the course of last year he said he had travelled about 16,000 miles in search of the data upon which he had based his reasoning ; he had examined draining which had been done in various parts of the country within the last 30 or 40 years, and he found in all in stances he was fully borne out in his own opinion on the subject. He then touched upon the subject of the dif ferent tiles with much sound philosophy, and concluded by expressing his belief that the cylindrical tile, divided horizontally, Vk as preferable to the flat solid tile, as from a more effective current, and consequently a greater capability for clearing the drain. MORNING CHRONICLE, NOT. 20, 1846. The powers of expansion exhibited by this most useful annual volume appears really unlimited. Published during a series of forty eight ) ears in a metropolis whose dwellings increase in number by au yearly average of some 14,000, and whose commerce expands in still larger measure, the " Post-office Directory" has become enormously enhanced in bulk, as also in the complicated variety of its indis pensable contents. The admirable success with which the really enormous difficulties of his task has been overcome by the inde fatigable publisher has been proved by the experience of many years; and we need say little more than that the present volume presents the same tokens as its predecessors, of intelligent method and inge nuity of arrangement, In packing into reasonable compass, and pro ducing in lucid order, its millions of facts and references. Within 1,000 pages every man may learn everything he ought to know about every one of his co-dwellers in the great metropolis, their businesses, as well as everything necessary to facilitate him in his own. The very rapid extension of our railway system, and the new postal ar rangemeats with some ,continental states, have rendered necessary some extensive additions to the sections appropriated to Conveyance and the Post-office. We find the information given under those heads not only as full 'and accurate as it was well possible to make them, but more new and recent than we should have thought attainable in a work of such magnitude. Prefixed to the volume is about the best map of London we happen to have met with. MORNING HERALD, Nov. 21, 1846. Bulky as the proportions of this indispensable work have hitherto been, the volume for 1847 comes forth under circumstances of still further enlargement. The experience of 47 years has obviously en abled the proprietor, Mr. Frederick Kelly, to produce a Directory of unrivalled completeness, wherein every species of fact likely to be w nted by the merchant and the trader Is placed within convenient access. The volume contains upwards of two thousand closely printed royal octavo pages; betokening a singular amount of indus try as a matter of compilation, and awakening astonishment at the comprehensiveness of the machinery which could bring within a common focus so much varied and scattered intelligence—embracing as it does a multiplicity of heads, and involving the services of vast numbers of contributors. We believe that the present volume is not to be matched in the whole world ; for such a mammoth aggregate of local and specific information is no less a typographical wonder, than a prodigious monument of diligence and enterprise. Some dozen or so of separate directories are included in this huge periodical—the only one, it seems, of the annual tribe destined to a permanent existence—a veritable triumph, indeed, of the utilitarian principle over the ornamental. The "Official Directory" is A key to the whole of the Goverment Offices, and a record of official perso nages. This is followed by a " Street Directory," exhibiting the tradesmen In every thoroughfare, and the points at which the streets are intersected by those at right - angles ; while the " Commercial and Professional Directory" is an alphabetical arrangement of the above. Then comes a " Trades' Directory," in which the names are allocated 'wrier their respective callings. The " Law Directory" is a list of the judges, Queen's counsel, serjeants, barristers, attorneys, &c. with a catalogue of the various courts of law, their officers, and their pecu liarities of jurisdiction. The "Court Directory" comprises the ad dresses of the nobility and gentry; and the "Parliamentary Direc tory" is a record of the Members of the Houses of Lords and Com mons, with an alphabetical list of the boroughs, cities, and counties returning Members to Parliament, the surnames and eldest sons of peers, &c. The " Postal Directory" contains the hour of receipt and delivery of every post-office in the kingdom ; the cities and principal places throughout the world to which mails are dispatched from London; the rates of foreign postage; the railway mails, and the crossroad mails, &c. The "City Directory" registers the civic au thorities, the public companies, the brokers, the incumbents and mi nisters of churches and chapels, the newsnapers, &c. ; and the " Conveyance Directory" includes the railway tables, the coach and booking-offices, the wharfs, &c. The volume closes with Banking and Assurance Directories. These various heads will serve to indi cate the multitudinous nature of the contents ; for out of them come a variety of subordinate directories, which meet every conceivable want, presenting a curious analysis of the public and private institu tions of the metropolis and of the commercial world. Every person is to be fouled under his proper section, from a prime minister down to a sheriff's officer—every establishment, from a palace to a lodg ing-honse. The Editor, in his Preface, takes occasion to congratu late himself on the many Improvements be has this year introduced, principally flowing from the employment of " selected agents," in stead of the ordinary carriers of the Post-office. Arneng the specific alterations the new postage treaty with Prussia, which comes into operation on the Ist of January, 1847, and disturbs to a considerable extent the rates of postage over a great part of the Continent, seems the most important. MORNING ADVERTISER, Nov. 18, 1846 The "Post-office London Directory, 1847," is just delivered. Though it is apparently limited to London, it is in reality a national work. None of the leading towns can will be without It. It must be an essential to every counting-house in the kingdom, as well as to e very place of business in and about the metropolis. It is an in valuable work of its kind; and the extent and minuteness of its useful details are truly wcnderful. Being prepared " natter the im mediate and special patronage of her Majesty's Postmaster-General," the amplest and completest means were, of course, at the command of the proprietor, Mr. Kelly, to secure the entire accuracy of the vo luminous and crowded contents of the bulky work. The present is the forty-eighth annual publication. Few commercial or trading men can now require particular descripOlon of the really important and useful information, to almost every party in any sort of business, occupying the two thousand closely but clearly-printed octavo pages of this Directory. Preceded by an admirable and perspicuous map of London, prepared expres.ly, it is declared, for the work by Mr. B. R. Davies, there are divisions, comprising, among other informa tion, " Official," " Street," " Commercial," " Trades," " Law," " Court," " Parliamentary," " Postal," " City," " Conveyance," Banking," and many other Directories. The hope is expressed in the preface, that this forty-eighth annual edition of the " Post-office London Directory" may be found " in all respects to equal the best of its predecessors." From very consi derable examination of the marvellously full and varied contents and information on matters which it must be so difficult, laborious, and expensive to collect, we hesitate not to say that this unassuming wish is liberally realised. It not only equals the best of Its prede cessors, but in several particulars it surpasses all its precursors. The information is not only fuller in many respects, but there are several important alterations and editions, largely adding to the use fulness of the book. It is intimated, and truly, that although all competition has disappeared, the present volume is conspicuous proof that there has teen no relaxation in the multifarious labours to perfect the extraordinary work. In speaking of past success, it is observed that it has been " even in a pecuniary point of view benefi cial to the public, is proved by the fact, that important improve ments and additions are annually made without any increase of price"—a result that, It is declared, " could not have been the case, had the public patronage been divided." With reference to the price, we certainly must acknowledge that it is Wonderful how it can be profitable to provide such varied materials— and materials constantly changing and requiring so much and such ceaseless la bour and cost to procure, and then to classify. Nothing but a tre mendous sale could make the speculation answer. Among the im portant alterations will be found those introduced into the " Postal" Directory. It is, bulged, singularly full, useful, and complete ; and must much increase th- daily, it might be more truly pronounced its hourly value, particularly to the merchant, the traler, or the pro fessi nal man. As the new treaty with Prussia caused very consi derable changes in the rates of postage as affecting the Austrian do minions, Baden, Bavaria, Bremen, Denmark, the German States, a mburgh, Hanover, Lubeck, Mecklenburg, Oldenburgh, Poland,prus- I a, S Sweden and Norway, Wurtemburgh, &c., &c., thos e changes ° ar l e detailed" precisely as they are arranged to come into operation on the first of January, 1847." The other changes are not only numerous, but all the intelligence is announced to be brought down to a period as late as was eompatible with the appearance of such a volume in sufficient time for general circulation, prior to the commencement of the year for which it is designed. The business m erits of the work are of the highest order, and render it, of it s kind,aveim fld imagine, a publication unexampled in the world f or it s completeness, ess, and usefulness. SUN, Nov. 18, 1846. The present is the forty-eighth annual edition of the " Post-office London Directory," and a truly marvellous efort of compilation it is. The " Post-office Directory" has been for some years under the management of Mr. Kelly. Until he became the manager of this work, there were divers other directories In the field. They have, however, an disappeared, and the " Post-Office Directory" now rules alone. This astonishing sucessc, however, has not had the effeet of making the proprietor of this gigantic work careless. He is too thorough a man of business, not to be perfectly aware that the fruits of his success can only be reaped by a continuance of the same untiring ene rgy by which the success wits in the first instance ach i a „ d an d acc ordingly we find Pat the " Post-office Directory" for 1847 is even more highly finished in all its elaborate arrange ments than any former edition of the book. The extent and mi nuteness of the details furnished render the work indispensable to particular every e' npmae g r e cial and mercantile establishment. So admirably, however, is this roultifarions information digested and arranged, that tents are there is not the slightest difficulty experienced in referring to the :n:ncei:of up wardsclearrneausiorefdatrorafnugrenmilnttheinianfo,rmoraktiociol—nsaistmingarvoefllous of 2,000 closely but clearly printed octavo pages. Its con the Directory," r e arranged etery,, , under the , , v s a i r r i e o e u t s as,- for instance, the Directory ,+ Directory," the " Commercial portant alterations htartking Directory," „ Court " Trades' Directory," the " Law Directory," Postal' Directory." Directory," the .? .is ' ' '' the " Parliamentary Directory," the the .. City Directory," the " Conveyance on the Ist tory." The ne w P0 „.7 been introduced into the " Postal Direc and some others. Many itn changes in the rates of of ja treaty with Prussia, which comes into ope rationßaden, Bavaria, Bremen. r age er, is illustrated Bremen, next, will effect very considerable Hanover, Lubeck, Meckl y g w detailed ede ° a n i ci n i t h ue e rgr w . h to places in the Austrian dominions, b emnark, the German States, Ilamburgh, pub ? l e e rtainly I c tss n i g a e , s S a a r x e o f n u y l 1 , , Oldenburgh, Poland, Prussia, aY, Wurtemburgh, &c., &c. These volume. The work, moreov ' Postal Directory "of the present and accurately drawn map of Lond on by a clearly engraved inches to the mile. This totDirecory le In 184 7. on a scale of three work of the Fort ever offered the the most complete ness, but the indispensable necessity of such Of not only the useful ness can for a moment entertain a doubt ;-- a work, no man of bini pleteness and fulness of the information furnaltl. considering the com outlay of time and of capital that must ha,ve B V. and the enormous acquire and digest the information, the yery ucen Made in order to which the work is published is really wonderful. reasonable price at GLOBE, Nov. 21, 1846. Kelly's invaluable work, the "gc Director e u ise an of made its appearance for the ensuin year. The vast r r ;: ess '` 43 just 'nation which this book contains mulcts it not only desirable hifor solutely necessary as a part of the offi c e furniture of every m an a b_ business, and scarcely less necessary, ineed, for every requires to know anything concerning the trades, professions' who localities of the great motropolls. In its present extended form, ' the book is an absolute curiosity; the labour and expense which has cost to bring it to its present state of perfection must have been im mense. In turning over its 2,0 . 00 pages, one hardly k nows which most to be struck with and admire—the exce'lent arrangement and utility of such a compilation, or the magnitude of the city which re quires such a directory. The classification of th e var i ous profes trades, and callings in the court, commercial, a n d l aw depart ments of the work on the ono hand, and the arrangement of the streets of London on the other, as well as the great mass of informa tion of various kinds connected with the Post-office, and the different modes of intercommunication, make it altogether . as complet e a di rectory as can be desired, orasit is well possible to conceive. T he v olume, moreover, contains an excellent map of London and the suburbs. corrected do wn to the latest strides of " bricks and mortar." WEEKLY DISPATCH, Nov. 15. 1846. The forty-eighth annual publication of this highly important and useful work has just been issued ; and we must confess that its bulky appearance has surprised us not a little; and when we reflect that the price remains unaltered, although the expense of collecting the materials must have increased, we are pleased at the liberality of Mr. Kelly, the proprietor. In a commercial point of view, perhaps, no book ever contained so much useful matter. Among other infor mation, there is an " •ial Directory," a " Street Directory," a " Commercial Directory," a " Trades' Directory," a " Law Dire tory," a " Court Directory," a " Parliamentary Directory," a " City Directory," a " Conveyance Directory," and a " Bankin g Directory ;" in fact, the volume contains much that is interesting and valuable to the tradesman, the merchant, the lawyer, and per sons in ordinary life, as well as to the gentlemen who occasionally dabbles in trade. Every description of information has been cor rected to the latest possible period : and that information is arranged with a clearness and simplicity which must have involved great ac tivity of mind and exertion of body. Sewed with the book is an excellently engraved man of London, more extended and accurate as to the suburbs, than any map we have seen ; and to make it as com plete a reference as possible, an almanac is introduced. In the " Postal Directory," there arc the new rates with various parts of the Conti nent, which will come Into operation on the Ist of January. Alto gether this new issue surpasses any of its 'predecessors ; and we are not surprised that other directories should have gone to the tomb of all the Capulets. JOHN BULL, Nov. 28, 1846. This annual leviathan is already completed and published; but as a proof that the rapidity with which it must have passed through the press has not operated against its careful accuracy, we may men tion that the changes rendered necessary !iy- the very recent decease of Mr. Stewart, M.M, for Itenfrewshire, are duly attended to. (See pp. 1669 and 1676.) We have so frequently expressed our approba tion of this moat valuable work, that we hardly know how to vary our commendation. It contains everything which can possibly be required in a directory —so full, so complete, so comprehensive are all its details. And when to this we add the extreme accuracy which pervades every department, we know not what else can be said in to Prnise. The machinery by which 41,1C13 Tylurcanwa information is The following Works will be published on the 31st inst. VANITY FAIR.—PEN AND PENCIL SKETCHES OF ENGLISH SOCIETY. No. I. By W. M. THACKERAY (Tidmarsh). With Numerous Illustrations. Price Is. riIHE COMIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND. No. VII. By GILBERT 1. a BECKETT. Illustrated by Leech. Price Is. D OUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING MAG AZINE. No. XXV. PUNCH! OR, THE LONDON CHARIVARL Part LXVL Price Is. 4d. London: Published at the Punch Once, 85, Fleet-street, MASONIC ANNUAL. THE FREEMASONS' QUARTERLY REVIEW contains all the important events of the craft during the current year. The number for DECEMBER completes the volume, and contains among other subjects, the Letter from the Grand Master of England to the Grand Master of Prussia, on the Jewish Question—Freemasonary in Ireland—Revival of the High Degrees in this Country—The Religion in which all Men agree— Discussions in Grani Lodge—lmportant Reports and Correspondence —Chit Chat—Poetry—Obituary, &c. Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper, 20, Paternoster-TOW. Price Three Shillings. BY COMMANA OF HER MAJESTY'S POSTMASTER GENERAL. CONTRACT for CONVEYING the LONDON DISTRICT POST LETTER BAGS. Notice is hereby given, that her Majesty's Postmaster-General will be ready to receive Tenders en or before the 22d day of JANUARY next, for conveying the London District Post Letter Bags, twice a day, to Woodford Bridge, and twice to Woodford, by mail-carts, stage coaches, omnibuses, or any other carriage conveying passengers or parcels. The conditions, and full particulars, may be seen on application to the Superintending President of the London District Post-office, General Post-office. Tenders are to be sealed up, and addressed to "Her Majesty's Postmaster-General," and endorsed, " Tenders for conveying the London District Post Bags," and delivered before Twelve o'clock on the 225 January next. General Post-office, Dec. 22, 1846. D IRECT BOMBAY and MADRAS RAIL WAY. Notice.—The FIRST HALF YEAR'S INTEREST, at 4 per cent. per annum, will continue to be PAID till the 31st inst. Scripholders aro requested to present their scrip at the offices of the Company between the hours of Twelve and Three, when it will be stamped and the interest paid at the same time. By order, JAMES WARD, Secretary. Offices of the Company, 58, Fencluirch-street. G REAT SOUTHERN AND WESTERN RAILWAY (IRELAND). Notice is hereby given, that the TRANSFER BOOKS of this Com pany will be CLOSED from and after THURSDAY, the 31st day of December, 184 G, to MONDAY, the Ist day of February, 1847. By order, WILLIAM TAYLOR, Secretary. 3, College-green, Dublin, sth December, 1846. EASTERN EXTENSION STOCK, No. 1. Warrants for the HALF-YEARLY INTEREST on thil Stock, due on the 4th January, 1847, will be transmitted to the Registered Proprietors on that day. The Holders of Unregistered Certificates will be required to leave them at this Office two clear days previous to the warrants being made out. By order, - . C. P. RONEY, Secretary. Oftlce, Bishopegate Staticn, Doc. 24, 1846. I THANK YOU, E. MOSES AND SON, For the coat which I wear on. my back, Approv'd by my friends, ev'ry one, Which is neither too tight nor too slack, I thank you, E. MOSES and SON. For my over-coat, trowsers, and vest, With quality never outdone, For my hat (which is really the best), I thank you, E. MOSES and SON. For my elegant Wellington boot, Whose workmanship can't come undone • For my shoes, and the whole of my suit, I thank you, E. MOSES and SON. For the furs which my-lady obtain'd, Whose fashions such favours have won ; With gratitude, wholly unfeign'd, I thank you, E. LOSES and SON. For the many great savings I've made, For goods which I never shall shun, For the very low prices I've paid, I thank you, E. MOSES and SON. LIST OF PRICES. READY IdADE. X s. d e g 6 Beaver Taglionis, from • ...... • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • 010 6 Chesterfields and Codringtons • • Brasooyfhsas,i,vnDtine'Ortecrrsoacaytossa,zliwC:ve.es.rty.e.r:liyell.d:a::.d;n.ea.viee.r:y.. d : . e . s : c : .. t .. I° .. n : 01 85 0 8 0 4 6 ...... .• Tweed Trousers, lined • • • • 10 .. Doeskin ..... ...... • • ..... •••• • • • Dress Coats... ..... ............ .......... 1 5 0 Double-breasted 'Vests ....... ••• • • •• " • Boys' Hussar and T un i c Suits ... .... • • ... 0 3 0 . • ••••• • • '• •• • 0 18 6 .. • .... • .. •• '• I:oys' Winter Trousers ....... • Ditto Vests.. 0 1 6 .... •••• •• • " Mourning to any extent at five minutes' notice. MADE TO MEASURE. Winter Coats, warranted waterproof, made to any style, handsomely trimmed •••• •• • Milled Cloth Coats, trimmed, velvet collar and cuffs, lined 2 6 0 Tweed Overcoats. ................ ...... 0 18 8 Tweed Trousers ... Winter Trousers, in all the most approved French patterns 1 2 6 Best Dress Trousers ••• • • • • • 1 6 0 Dress Coats .••.. • • •• ••••• • .. • .... . .. ... ....• 112 0 Best quality made • • ...... ••• • • • ...... 215 0 Frock Coats • ""'• 1 15 0 Best quality made ••••••.•• • • • • . •• ••• • • • ••• • • 33 0 Fancy Vests • • . • ••• • • • ••••••••• • • • • • • • .. •• • 0 8 6 Satin, plain or fancy ..... ...... .• Boys' Hussar and Tunic Suits 1 5 0 Observe.—Any article purchased, ready made, or made to mea sure, if not approved of, will be exchanged, or if preferred, the money returned. E. MUSES and SON, Tailors, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, and General Outfitters, for Ladies and Gentlemen, 154, 155, and 156, 157 Minories, and 83, 84, 85, and 86 Aldgate, :Ity. London. Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the public against impostors, but have learned that the untradesman like falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern, has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons. They have no connexion with any other house in or out of London; and those who desire genuine and elie,p clothing, &c., should call at, or send to, Minories and Aidgate, City, London. Notice.—No business transacted at this establishment from sun set Friday, till sunset Saturday, when business is resumed till twelve o'clock The entrance to the fur department Is at 83, Aidgate, corner of the Diittoriel and Aldgete l opposite the ehurelz. ACCIDENT TO THE EMPEROR whichOa W ha e d dn n e et a ly y, b t e h e e n 9 RatUSSIA. attend OF ed De w e i e t m h b f e a r t a , l a n r e a a n c i c t i a d , e e n e t : curred to the Emperor of Russia, at liiow, in Poland, upon the high road between St. Petersburgh and War saw. The Emperor was on his route to Warsaw, and had arrived at the border of the large river at that place, where there is no bridge. A temporary platfo rm had been con: t ructe d to run the E mperor ' s travell ing carriage into the Thrry-boat, when by some accid ent the platform b ro k e d own , an d t h e carr i age was precipitated into the water. The Emperor, with Count Orloff, who was also in the carriage, was obliged to escape from the windows and wa d e u p t o hi s m iddl e in the water, and as the current was running very strongly and the river full of ice, no little danger was incurred. So much time was lost, that the Emperor, who had arranged to be by a certain day at St. Petersburgh, was obliged to renounce altogether his visit to War saw, and to tur n b ac k immediately to the Russian capital. The river at Kiow is nearly half an English mile i❑ width, and the erection of a suspension bridge, which has long been contemplated, will no doubt be now imme diately decided on, especially as the Emperor was unable last year, on his journey to Warsaw, to pass the river at Kiow. SECOND COURT-MARTIAL AT CHATHAM, DEC. 24.—Immediately after the COURT-MARTIAL , had assembled this morning, Lieutenant Grant commenced reading his de fence. He did not mean, he said, i n hi s general- plea of not guilty, to deny the facts ; but he submitted that he had not acted contrary to military discipline, and quoted the case of Lieutenant-Colonel Hogg, o f the 55th regi ment of Foot, in 1819, at Plymouth, as a case in point. He dwelt much upon the testimony of Lieutenant Chads, to show that at the time Captain Bull was the actual officer in command. He assured the Co urt h e h a d b een influenced in what he had done by feelings of a desire to do good ; and he trusted the Court would not fix him him with wilful disobedience of lawful orders. He then called upon the Deputy Judge Advocate, the Hon. Capt. Gordon, to produce the correspondence with the Acting Town-Major ;at the Cape; after which, ;Assistant-Sur geon Jackson v, as recalled by the Court to speak to what transpired on the poop of the Mary Anne on the morn ing of the 10th of July, relative to the prisoner's hesitat ing to obey Major Shadforth's orders. This witness's testimony finished the proceeding, And the Court broke up. The sentence, of course, cannot be known until con firmed by her Majesty. RAMSGATE.—From the many families of distinction at'present sojourning here, it is clear that Ramsgate has become a favourite winter residence. Perhaps scarcely at any place in the kingdom is this season and its at tendant festivities better or more worthily observed ; and it is satisfactory to find that the poor are not for gotten. We are informed by a credible authority that the value of the beef distributed among the poorer classes of Ramsgate during this week alone will amount to between 2001. and 3001.—.Kentish Observer. S Ny DECEMBER 26, 1846. SIXTH ARTICLE OF THE UNION. (From the Leinster Express.) At a recent sessions in the county of Monaghan, Mr. flerculee Ellis applied to register a claimant for the elective franchise, upon a 40s. freehold interest. The 101. qualification being the lowest recognised in this country, under the Irish Reform Act, such an applica tion is quite novel ; but Mr. Ellis founded the right of his client upon the Sixth Article of the Legislative Union between Great Britain and Ireland, which pro voles that "the subjects of Great Britain and Ireland •hould be entitled to the same privileges, and be on the same footing, with respect to all righte and advantages et home end abroad." Whether the " privileges" conferred by the above enactment provide equal political rights for the people of the United Kingdom, we must leave to alien more learned in the law ; e e are, howevi r, dis posed to think - that the passage more directly refers to the trade and commerce of the two countries, and upon this point, our readers will recollect that we have upon several occasions cited this very article of the Union, in support of the claims of the Irish distillers, and similar questions, wherein the traffic of this country has been seriously obstructed. To Mr. Ellis must be awarded the credit of having brought this important subject under consideration, and we are informed that it is the inten tion of the learned gentleman, to submit the case to the discussion of the House of Lords during the ensuing session of Parliament. It is strange if such a provision had been made at the union, 47 years ago, that so little has been said of the matter ; and we are inclined to think that the terms of the sixth article are two vague and general to be made applicable to Mr. Ellis's construction of its tendency. It will be recollected, that a short time previous to the Roman Catholic Emancipation Act, the 40s. qualifica• tion was possessed by the Irish electors, and that a spe cific Act of Parliament—in the necessity of which, by the way, no person more fully concurred than Mr. O'Connell—disfranchised this class of our constituency ; even subsequent to that period, in '32, the Legislature passed a special Act upon the subject, and defined—al though very clumsily—the franchise under the Reform Act. If there be any weight in Mr. Ellis's arguments, it occurs to us that the Imperial Parliament had nopower to make a distinction between any portion of the subjects of the " United K,ingdem of Great Britain and Ireland," and if he can support this view of the question, all the Acts which have been specially directed to Ireland, bear ing a singular tendency, must be rendered a dead letter the laws relating to the Irish Church, in the reduction of her bishops, and 25 per cent. of her income, must come under the same clause, as well as the Corporation Act, the Arms Act, the Marriage Act, and various others: in short we might add, that the word ("Ireland ") invari ably inserted at the heading of every Bill, brought before the Legislature, bearing reference to this country, should be expunged, and thus every clause, from the preamble to the conclusion, must be " left out." Of course our observations merely apply to the ten dency of Mr. Ellis's arguments: with reference to their law or justice, we do not at present offer any opinion, further than a plain common sense view of the bearings of the case; and so far as our judgment and experience warrant us in the conviction, that as both countries are circumstanced, there must be a distinction made in Acts of Parliament in reference to their relative necessities. We sincerely wish it were otherwise, and that " the Union" could be established upon that basis which would bind us equally in our several relations with the State. In fact, there should not be any distinction, and we be lieve the day is not far distant when the same " privileges" must be conferred upon all the people of the United Kingdom. We are not disciples of that system of Rip Van Winkleism which would retain " things as they are." We cannot close our eyes to passing events, and the in fluences of the altered circumstances of the times, upon society: we desire to qualify the people of this country for every privilege which our liberal and enlightened constitution confers, by inspiring a more exalted and independent spirit amongst them, and by inciting them to devote more attention to those industrial pursuits and "arts of peace," which must best entitle them to the exercise of those political privileges, which all who con tribute to the welfare of the State have an equal right to enjoy. Of late years—particularly since the temperance movement—it cannot be denied that the moral condition of the Irish people—making allowance for those agrarian offences incidental to the wretched condition of the pea santry, and the over-competition for land—may be com pared with advantage to the state of any country; and it is this feeling, more than any other, which would inspire us with confidence. Their social condition can only be ameliorated by suitable exertions on the part of those whose best interests are identified with the im provement of the country, aided by that mutual confi dence between the different classes, without which the best efforts must prove fruitless. Sir Robert Peel, in resigning his place as first Minis ter of the Crown, declared his conviction that this country could no longer be successfully governed by party influence, and he avowed his desire to legislate for Ireland upon precisely the same principle as regards the "privileges" of the people as for England and Scot land. Mr. Ellis's proposition is peculiarly calculated to have those rights defined, and as the subject is likely to engage the attention of the Legislature during the en suing session, we give the arguments advanced by the Learned Gentleman, as reported in the Northern Standard:— Counsellor Ellis—To enforce my client's right to the elective franchise, it will be necessary to establish the four following propositions:—First, that the treaty of the Union forms the written constitution, and supreme laws of the country, revoking all opposing statutes; second, that by the sixth article of Union, her Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland are entitled to the same privilege; third, that my client is the owner in fee. and occupier of land in this county, of the yearly value of forty shillings; fourth, that a similar owner and occupier in England is entitled to the elective franchise. The last two of these propositions I have proved by evi dence—the first two I shall endeavour to demonstrate by argument. If I shall succeed in doing so it necessarily follows, that my client is entitled to the elective franchise. For, if a supreme law gives to the inhabitants of this country, as their right, all privileges enjoyed by the inhabitants of England, then is my client, by virtue of his qualification as a forty-shilling freeholder in fee, en titled to the elective franchise in this country. My client's right altogether depends upon the construction of the Act of Union. I shall, therefore, be obliged to observe upon the origin, nature and constitution of that Act. For some time prior to the year 1800, no power on earth (to use the words of the declaration of Irish rights) had authority to bind the people of this country, except the King, Lords, and Commons of Ireland. In that year a treaty wss entered into and concluded, for the purpose of uniting the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland into one kingdom. This treaty is commonly called the Act of Union. This instrument is not, however, a mere Act of Parliament, but a treaty—it is so expressly termed in the second paragraph of the fourth article, which runs thus:—" That such Act as shall be passed to regulate the mode by which the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Commons to serve in the Parliament of the United Kingdom shall be summoned and returned, shall be con sidered as forming part of the treaty of Union," No other Act of Parliament is styled a treaty. What is the meaning of the word treaty? It does not signify a law enacted by a governing body, to bind its subjects, but it means a compact entered into between co-ordinate and sovereign powers, The co-ordinate and sovereign powers who were parties to the treaty of Union were the separate and independent Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, represented respectively by the King, Lords, and Commons of each kingdom. The treaty of Union commences with the following recital:— " Whereas, in pursuance of his Majesty's most gracious recommendation to the two Houses of Parliament in Great Britain and Ireland respectively, to consider of such measures as might best tend to strengthen and con solidate the connexion between the two kingdoms, the two Houses of Parliament of Great Britain, and the two Houses of Parliament of Ireland, have severally agreed and resolved, that in order to promote and secure the essential interests of Great Britain and Ireland, and to consolidate the strength, power, and resources of the British empire, it will be advisable to concur in such measures as may best tend to unite the two kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland into one kingdom, in such manner and on such terms and conditions as may be es tablished by the Acts of the respective Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland. And whereas, in further ance of the said resolution, both Houses of the said two Parliaments respectively, have likewise agreed upon ceF-_ tain articles for effectuating and establishing the said purposes in the tenor following." Immediately after this recital, the treaty sets out the articles of union, eight in number. These articles were first settled by the Irish Parliament, and sent to England as the terms and conditions upon which Ireland would consent to be united to England. England accepted these conditions with some slight alterations. Ireland agreed to these alterations, and confirmed the articles so altered. The articles of Union thus became matters of stipulation and bargain between the two independent kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. Great Britain solemnly pledged herself to an exact observance of these terms and conditions, and Ireland confiding in this solemn pledge, consented to the union which she was at that time fully competent to reject. These articles contain a great number of covenants of a temporary nature, which in certain events, or after a certain space of time, the United Parliament was, by special provi sions, empowered to repeal. The covenants for the alteration or repeal of which no provision is made in the treaty of Union, aro shortly these:—The first ar ticle declares that the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland shall be for ever united into one kingdom. The second article settles the succession to the crown of the United Kingdom. The third article declares that the United Kingdom should be represented in one and the same Parliament. The fourth article (together with the Representation Act, which, as I have already mentioned, formed a part of the treaty of Union), settled the number of Lords and Commons who should sit in the United Parliament, and the manner of their election. The fifth article united the Established Churches of England and Ireland, and declared that the doctrine, worship, discipline, and government of . the united church should remain as they were at that tree established for the Church of England; and also that the Church of Scotland should be preserved as at that time established. The sixth article declared that the sub jects of Great Britain and Ireland should be en titled to the same privileges, and be on the same footing, with respect to all rights and advantages at home and abroad. Tho seventh article declares that no article should be more highly taxed in Ireland than in Great Britain. The eighth article gives an appeal to the House of Lords —secures the continuance of the Irish Court of Adtniralty—and repeals all the laws that conflict with the treaty of Union. Such is the entire of the treaty of Union, which still ra mains in force. The solemn ratification of this treaty by Great Britain and Ireland respectively is thus ex pressed in the words of the treaty:—" And whereas, the said articles having, by address of the respective Hewes of Parliament in Great Britain and Ireland, been humbly laid before his Majesty, his Majesty has been graciously pleased to approve the same, and to recommend it to his two Houses of Parliament iu Great Britain and Ireland, to consider of such measures as may be necessary for giving effect to the said articles. In order the, efore to give full effect and validity to the same, be it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Loris Spiritual -and Temporal, and Commons in the present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that the said foregoing recited articles, each and every one of them, according to the true intent and tenor thereof, be ratified, confirmed, and approved; and be, and they are hereby declared to be, the articles of the union of Great Britain and Ireland, and the same shall be in force, and have effect fir ever from the first day of January, which shall be in the year of our Lord 1801." No words can be more full—no meaning more unequi vocal—no declaration more solemn than those contained in this ratification. By it the two kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland solemnly covenanted with each other and with every citizen of both countries, that so long as the union existed, so long should the, terms and condi tions upon which that union was agreed to, be exactly and faithfully fulfilled. By this ratification the kingdom and people of Great Britain solemnly covenanted with the kingdom and people of Ireland, that, although the British Members of the United Parliament outnumbered the Irish Members by five to cue, that majority, great as it is, should be powerless to violate the articles of union; and that the United Parliament should be compe tent to alter the articles of union only, in the manner and at the time for that purpose limited and appointed by the articles themselves. Competent is the very word used for this purpose by the treaty itself. Thus, in the seventh article, it is covenanted in these words— " That if at any future day the separate debt of each country respectively shall have been liquidated, or if the values of their respective debts shall be to each other in the same proportion with the respective contribution of each country respectively, then it shall be competent to the Parliament of the United Kingdom to declare that all future expenses thence forth to be incurred shall be defrayed indiscriminately by equal taxes, imposed on the same articles in each country"—that is, that under certain circumstances the otherwise unalterable nature of this part of the seventh article shall be changed—that it shall, under such cir cumstances, become liable to alteration, and that the United Parliament, before incompetent to alter this part of the treaty of union, shall, by force and effect of this special provision, then become competent to alter it. By force and effect of this treaty, the Parliament of Ireland ceased to exist, as did also that of Great Britain. The Parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland did not, there. fore, attempt, in the year 1800, to bind their successors, for successors, in the legal import of the term, they had none ; both of these Parliaments were at that time ex tinguished, and a new Parliament was constituted, en titled the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The avowed object of the treaty of Union was to supersede the old Legislatures of these kingdoms, and substitute in their place a new form of government : this, of itself imports legal obligation, permanence, and uncontrollability by any laws but the authority empowered by that treaty to alter or abolish its enactments. By force and effect of the treaty of Union alone was the United Parliament formed and consti tuted. The United Parliament has no prescriptive rights in Ireland—no ancient prerogatives, which so oft en l oom larger than the-truth amid th gloom of antiquity. It is the creature of the treaty of Union. That treaty is the sole fountain of its power, the only legal source of its anthority in Ireland; and if the treaty of Union be not in full force in Ireland, the Parliament sitting in London has no more right to legislate fur Ireland than the Con gress of America. Within that treaty the extent of the powers of the united Parliament must be sought. By the letter of that treaty is its jurisdiction marked out and limited. The two sovereign kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, by a great international compact, united themselves. together, formed a new legislature, and for ever bound by a supreme, unalterable, uncon trollable law, the legislature which they had themselves created and constituted. The treaty of Union thus be came the written constitution of the empire, and-a law of supreme paramount obligation, revoking all opposing statut€ s—a law which the unitei Legislature, its crea ture, is altogether incompetent to violate or annul. When I say this law is unalterable, I, of course, merely speak as a lawyer. In the same way I should say that the ' succession to the Crown was settled by an unalterable law. lam perfectly aware that in alt such cases there exists, in the body of the people, a right in the last re sort to amend any law, if such a proceeding be necessary, for the safety of the state. This implied resulting power in the people, in all cases, to provide for their own safety, however, is not a legal and regular course, it is an illegal and violent one. It is the revolutionary remedy, sometimes necessary and wholesome, but one which until it has actually occurred, cannot be used as an argument by counsel, nor as a reason by a judge, Notwitlistand- ing, therefore, the existence of this extreme right, it my argument be correct, I am justified in saying that the treaty of union is a law revoking all opposing laws ; that: every Act of the united Parliament is to be read as if it contained a proviso, that nothing contained in it should be construed to repeal or alter anything finally settled by that treaty ; and that all statutes made in violation of its provisions are, ipso facto, null and void. My next proposition is simple in its terms and easy in its proof—it is, that by the sixth article of the union, her Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland are entitled to the same privileges. The part of the treaty of union upon which I rely to establish this proposition is the first section of the sixth article, which is in the following words :—" That it be the sixth article of Union that his Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland, shall, from and after the first day of January, 1801, be entitled to the same privileges—and be on the same footing as to encouragements and bounties, on the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufac• ture of either country respectively—and generally in re spect of trade and navigation in all ports and places in the United Kingdom and its dependencies—end that in all treaties made by his Majesty, his heirs and succes sors, with any foreign Power, his Majesty's subjects of Ireland shall have the same privileges and be on the same footing as his Majesty's subjects of Great Britain." This section recites four covenants entered into between the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, four of those terms or conditions, which the kingdom of Ireland sti pulated for as the price of its independence; they are, in fact, four limitations to the power of the united Parlia ment, and set out four matters which the united Parlia ment shall for ever be incompetent to enact. The first of these covenants is, " That from and after the first day of January, 1801, his Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland shall be entitled to the same privi leges," that is, that from the day on which the union shall take effect, and so long as that union shall exist, the inhabitants of each island shall have an inalienable, incontestable, indestructible right and title to every pri vilege enjoyed by the inhabitants of the other. This covenant mutually extended to each country all the pectic: liar privileges at that time enjoyed by the other, and pro vided that at no future time should the United Kingdom be competent to grant to the inhabitants of one island any privilege which it did not at the same time gr an t t o the inhabitants of the other —nor, on the other hand, to take from the inhabitants of one island any privilege that it did not, at the same time, take from the inhabitants of the other. The second covenant is in reference to encouragements and bounties to the produce and manufactures of the two islands. This covenant declares that British and Irish subjects shall, so long as the union exists, " be on the same footing, as to encouragements and bounties on the like articles, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of either country respectively." By this covenant the united Parliament is limited and rendered incompetent to grant or take away any bounty or encouragement to the manufacture or produce of one island, which it does not, at the same time, grant or take away from that of the other. The third covenant contained in this section is in reference to trade and navigation. By this cove nant it is stipulated " That the inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland shall be on the same footing in re spect of trade and navigati on , i n a ll ports and places i n the United Kingdom and its dependencies." By this covenant perfect equality in all matters connected with trade, in all parts of the United Kingdom, is for ever established between Great Britain and Ireland, and the Parliament of the united empire is declared incompetent to disturb that equality. The fourth covenant assures to the inhabitants of both islands an equality in all advan tages derivable from treaties made between the united empire and foreign powers. It declares that in all treaties made by his Majesty, his heirs and successors, with any foreign power, his Majesty's subjects of Ire land shall have the same privileges, and be on the same footing as his Majesty's subjects of Great Britain. The first three covenants contained in this section secure to the inhabitants of Ireland, perfect equality with the in habitants of Great Britain, in all rights, privileges, and advantages at home or in the colonies. The fourth co venant, which I have just read, secures to them a similar equality, in all rights, privileges, and advantages, ac quired by treaties with foreign countries. The treaty of Union does not contain any provision authorising the slightest alteration in any one of these covenants. These covenants, therefore, form portions of the written constitution of the country, and are supreme unalterable laws, revoking all opposing statutes. At home there fore, and abroad—in the British islands, and in the Bri tish colonies—in his native land, and in foreign countries —perfect equality with Englishmen, in all civil rights, benefits, privileges, and advantages, is the inalienable, indestructible birthright of every Irishman. This equality was the great political advantage for ages sought for by Ireland—the great price agreed to be paid for her legislative independence. This equality, in the largest and most beneficial sense, is for ever sees ,d to Ireland by the great international - / '-- - - - --- - - ---- --- -- - -----_-.-- - ../ 46- 4 azg-- --- - - --1 ,, , - . ' compact and treaty of the Unioa‘‘:',weii-e,_ i.'',r - 7 _,.. --144 6 4 as that union exists, never can that ittl94siii, .°-,, ; 7 : -- :K t , from Ireland except by arbitrary 0 ;,:nicLih r \ie :.:' "'..;1!"-- ._. usurpation. By virt ue o f th at right titgeitenl4•3*-iti-"°3 , ' rir ternational compact and solemn trealp 4 eivalillikAefkk that supreme, unalter a bl e l aw , I now da p s. client shall be admitti d to the enjoymeettWitllo-t-PitV:=Y:t" , vileges of the elective franchise. I have proved ffiat fie is the owner in fee of land in this ccunty, of the clear yearly value of forty shillings. I have proved that a similar owner in England is entitled to the elective franchise. I now call upon you, Sir, in obedience to the sixth article of the Union, to place him upon the registry of this county. I admit that the Parliament of the ' United Kingdom has attempted to raise the lowest qualification for the elective franchise in Ireland to 101.; that is to make it five times greater than the lowest qua lification in England. I acknowledge that Parliament has attempted to deprive the Irish forty-shilling free holders in fee of their elective franchise ; and thus to take from her Majesty's Irish subjects a privilege which still belongs to her Al,,jesty's En/fish subjects. But that is the wry act the sixth article of Union renders the Parliament incompetent to do. The Act of Parliament attempting thus to violate the articles of union is 1 . .7550 firct o nu ll an d vo id. My client's right to the elective franchise stands precisely on the same grounds On which the rights of the Parliament it self stand. The same treaty that gives to the United • Parliament each and every one of its rights over Ireland gives also, um) flute, to my client his right to the elective franchise. The Parliament can no more legally deprive my client of his right to the elective franchise so long as a similar right exists in England, than my client can legally deprive the Parliament of its own peculiar rights. I now demand that my client shall be placed in respect of the elective franchise upon an eqUality with his Eng lish fellow• subjects, and be put in possession of his con stitutional right. For if the treaty of the Union be still in force—if the pledge so solemnly given be not broken—. if the terms and conditions granted to Ireland as the price of the union be not withheld—if the supreme un alterable law be not violated, and the constitution of the country trampled under foot—then is my client's right to the elective franchise as perfect as that of the Sove reign to the throne. _ ____ The Assistant-Barrister, in giving his decision, com plimented Mr. Ellis upon the able manner in which he brought forward the claim: the arguments were quite new, and in rejecting the application, he took a note of the ease—Mr. Ellis being afforded the right to " ap peal." THE RIVER PLATE. The following is the minute signed by the Earl o- Aberdeen, on which Mr. Hood acted in his recent mis sion to the River Plate. It does not differ in any mate rial respect from the summary of the propositions, as published by the Monte Videan Government, in the document which we translated a few weeks ago:— " The Government of her Majesty the Queec of Great Britain, and his Majesty the King of the French, having had under their consideration the proposals made by General Rosas to the Plenipotentiaries of the two Powers, as a basis for the pacification of the Argentine and Oriental Republics, dated the 26th of October, 1845, notwithstanding they give to General Rosas full credit for the anxiety which he expresses for the restoration of peace, order, and a return of that friendly commercial intercourse which has hitherto united both republics with the Governments of England and France, regret that they cannot accede to the proposals in their present form; but the two Powers, having no separate or selfish objects in view, and no other desire than to see the peace and independence of the States of the River Plate, as recognised by treaties, securely established, confiding also in the desire expressed by General Rosas to co operate in the re-establishment •of tranquillity upon principles of equity and justice, have agreed to the fol lowing propositions, in order to arrive at a perfect and final adjustment of the present differences:-- " I. That General Rosas will unite and co-operate with the two Powers in obtaining an immediate suspen sion of hostilities between the Oriental forces in the city of Monte Video and those in the country. " 2. That the armistice having been established, the Plenipotentiaries of England and France will claim from the Government in Monte Video the immediate disarm ing of the Foreign Legion, and of all other foreigners bearing arms and formi ng the garrison of th e c i ty o f Monte Video, or who may be in arms in any other part of the Oriental Republic. " 3. That General Rosas will, simultaneously with the execution of the preceding condition, cause the whole of the Argentine troops, officers and soldiers, to be with draWn from every part of the Oriental territory. " 4. Immediately after the Foreign Legion and the other foreigners in Monte Video shall have been dis armed, and the Argentine troops withdrawn from the Oriental Republic, the blockade of Buenos Ayres shall be raised; the island of Martin Garcia shall be evacuated; the Argentine vessels of war shall be returned, as far as it is possible, in the same state as when detained; the flag of the Republic saluted with 21 guns; and all mer chant vessels, with their cargoes shall, on both sides, be given up to their original owners. " 5. The navigation of the river Parana is admitted to be inland navigation of the Argentine Confederation, and subject only to its laws and regulations, so long as the Republic continues to occupy both banks of the said river. ' "6.1 t is freely acknowledged and admitted that the Argentine Republic is in the unquestioned enjoyment and exercise of every right. whelher of peace or war, possessed by any independent nation ; and if the course of events in the Oriental Re public has made it neces sary for the Allied Powers to interrupt for a time the exercise of the belligerent rights of the Argentine Re public, it is fully admitted that the principles on which they have acted would, under similar circumstances, have been applicable either to Great Britain or France. " 7. After the disarming of the foreign troops in Monte Video shall have been effected, and the Argentine forces shall have evacuated the Oriental territory, a new elec tion for the Presidency of the Oriental State shall take place, according to the forms prescribed by the consti tution. This election shall be made freely and without restraint from any side whatever. General Oribe shall previously declare that he will abide by the result. "8. A general and complete 'amnesty shall be declared, with full security for life and property, and oblivion of the past. The rights of foreigners shall be respected, and their lawful claims, of whatever nature, admitted. But this amnesty shall not prevent those Buenos 4yrean emigrants, whose residence at Monte Video might give just cause of complaint to the Government of Buenos Ayres, and might compromise the good under standing between the two republics, from being removed, according to their choice, to the nearest foreign port, or else transferred under good escort from the places situ ated on the coast, or in the neighbourhood of the coast, to any other place in the interior which they shall select. " 9. General Rosas and General Oribe having agreed to the preceding articles, if the Government of Monte Video should refuse to disband the foreign troops, and in particular to disarm those who should form part of the garrison of Monte Video, or should delay unneces sarily the execution of this measure, the Plenipotentia ries will declare that they have received orders to cease all further intervention, and they consequently with draw, in the event of their recommendations and remon• strances remaining withont effect. '" In such case, however, they will, previously to re tiring, obtain from General Oribe the official promise of a full and complete amnesty, as ahove stated, as well as guarantees for the safety of the foreigners who inhabit either the city or the country, under all future contin gencies which may arise. " London, sth May, 1846. " ABERDEEN. MESSES. ROWNEY, DILLON, AND ROWNEY'S MO DERN IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS.—We lately received some blacklead drawing pencils from Messrs. Rowney, Dillon, and Rowney, of Rathbone-place, of a very novel character, being neatly and elegantly finished, and which, on trial, proved vastly superior to those of the old kind, notwithstanding their extremely low price. The lead is so beautifully tempered as to retain a fine point for a length of time, and sib° free from grit or danger of breaking, the common faults of pencils of the present day, while the process of finishing, which polishes the cedar and stamps the makers's nave aid the degree of the pencil in gold, is most ingenious, and reflects great credit on the taste of the manure:- turers. We took particular pains in tryst g these pencils in every possible way, aad they are such as completely to justify us in according them the very highest praise. From an inspection of some very beautiful drawings done with them, their full superiority is made manifest. An evenness of tone, and their freedom in handling, combined with the intense depth of the softer degrees, point out their value over the Cumberland lead pencils. The material from which black lead pencils are manufactured is found in various countries, as North America, Bohemia, the East Indies, France, Spain, Guernsey, England, Ireland, and Scot land. And yet it is a curious fact that the lead of each country differs most materially from that of others, either in the form of crystallization or in the substances found in combination with it. The Borrow dale mine, in Cumberland, has long been held in the highest esteem, from the purity of the lead found in it; and some idea may be formed of its value from the fact of the manor of Borrowdale being, at the dissolu tion of the monastery, let by James for the yearly rental of fifteen shillings and four pence, while, in 1804, the stock of black lead then on hand was valued at 54,0001., and the value of the annual consumption stated to be 3,5001. This amount which Afterwards greatly increased has latterly proved too heavy a demand for the productive powers of the mine ; and the immense falling off in the quality of the produce has led many of the pencil manufacturers to try various compositions as substitutes. Among other inventions, a Mr. Brockeden, an artist of very consider able scientific acquirements, patented a method of com pressing lead-dust into a solid form, but this, however in genious in theory, has not answered in practice as we found the pencils made from this lead to be exceedingly rotten, and it is now scarcely made use of by any of the pencil manufacturers. The failures of oth g er rec s a o th u e rc imm e isp s in duced Messrs. Rowney, Dillon, an d R owney to investi gate this subject more fully, an d, w i t h the aid of Mr. have emas suc c e ededß owne n y , producingof an a r t i c l e a o College f of ance to the Fine Arts as we ll as o f general utility to ot t rr h yt e : public COUNTY CounTs.—Last night's Gazette contains an Order in Council for the division of the county of Worcester into three districts, under the .6 Act t? amend the law resp ec ti ng the office of County Coroner. ' The districts to be styled the North, Middle, and South districts. The Duke of Wellington does not receive any company this Chri s t mas at S trathf i eldgaye , ow i ng t o t h e indisposition of his friend the Right Honourable Charles Arbuthnot, who continues confined to his room, from a severe attack of gout. Lord and Lady Charles Welles. ley are staying with the Noble and Gallant Duke. ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, Nov. 3 , =346. This huge volume, the forty-eighth edition of the work, well sus tains the reputation enjoyed by the " Directory" of late years. In the preface, the proprietor maintains that the high character of the work is not referable to its mere connexion with the Post Office ; for an important change has been gradually introduced into the manner of collecting the information ; and a larger portion of the work than heretofore has been confided to selected agents entirely unconnected with the Post Office, this being in great part the plan of compiling the editions for 1845 and 1846. Nor has the proprietor rested content with his past success, hot has introduced many im portant alterations In this volume for 1847 and added to its bulk without any increase in price. The " Postai Directory" is especially improved, and there are numerous changes throughout the volume to insure its completeness. The compilation must be a vast labour, to be accomplished only by systematic subdivision and the most pains taking minuteness. The appearance of the volume has suggested a very lively effusion, to be seen in another column ; and we trust the enterprising proprietor of the " Directory" will find that his labours are duly appreciated and remunerated. To a great commercial coun try this is an indispensable volume. RAILWAY HERALD, Nov. 21, 1846. The new volume of the Post Office Directory for 1847 is already in oar hands, and we can only express our wonder that a work so laborious, extensive, and minute, could be in any degree improved. It would have been a sufficient merit to have maintained its former reputation, it is a great merit to have surpassed itself. The produc tion of a work unequalled for accuracy and for clearness has placed in the hands of the commercial public a most valuable and indispensable aid in carrying on the business of this vast metropolis, which would indeed be subjected to the greatest inconvenience and expense if it were not for a work of this Mud. In a short time our readers will have the opportunity of judging for themselves on purchasing the new volume, whether our anticipatory notice is in any degree exonerated. BRITANNIA, Nov. 21, 1846. The French people have done themselves credit by their industrial expositions. But it must be acknowledged that, though ingenious and pretty, they appear quite insigniflcaot compared with the Indus ' trial exposition presented to the mind by this mighty volume. Keep. tag pace with the advancing trade and population of London, it still increases iu lk ; and, keeping pace with the movement of society in a more impc rtant particular, it vigilantly seizes every opportunity of improvement to insure more perfect accuracy and more complete classification. We find in this volume many instances of superiority , to former issues, which, though comparatively trifling, show the in telligence and care exercised over every department. It may be men tioned that by the employment of private agents, the changes of re sidence are now brought down to a later period than formerly, and the value of the " Directory" is consequently enhanced. We have before spoken of it as indispensable to the proper management of business. Its authority is now so universally established, both at the Post-office and throughout the metropolis, that any further recom mendation of it is superfluous. RERAPATIPS RAILWAY JOURNAL, Nov. 21, 1846. The " Post-office Directory" for 1847 appears with additions and improvements upon its valuable predecessor, but with no enlarge ment in the price. The continued enterprising spirit with which this important, and it is not a misapplication of terms to say, national work is conducted, merits the highest commendation, We know not whether the same illiberal and unjustifiable attempt will be made in the ensuing session as was done in the last, to wrest it from the hands of the present proprietary, and to place it by the force of might over right in the hands of Government ; b u t, should it be attempted, surely the following statement of its conductors will go home to the consciences, if they have any, of the parties seeking to draw down the grasping interference of Government :—" It can only be neces sary to refer to a copy of the work published before the purchase of the copyright by Its present proprietor, to be convinced that the mere connexion of the Directory' with the Post-office has little, if at all, contributed to its present high character. That the improvements (the result of many years of unwearied toil and application on the part of those engaged in the compilation of the work) are duly appre ciated is now happily beyond all question ; prior to the ' Directory' passing to its present proprietor, rival books contended successfully with this—they have disappeared." PUBLICATIONS NEW WORK BY MICHAEL ANGELO TITMARSH. On the First of January, to be continued in Monthly Parts, pries is. each, with numerous Illustrations on Steel and Wood, VA NIT Y F AI R: PEN AND PENCIL SKETCHES OF ENGLISH SO. CIETY. By W. M. TFIACKERAY. Author of " The Irish Sketch Book ;" " Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo ;" of " Jeames's Diary," and the " Snob Papers," in Punch, &c. &c. Bills and Advertisements will be received at the Office, during the month. London: Published at the Punch Office, 85, Fleet-street; J. Men ales, Edinburgh ; J. M'Leod, Glasgow ; J. M`Gla.shan, „ SD. t 9 0 neA• tea" a 111 gag 11. ,rk ,re.- se EA' IV . Va . XI/ era" 1 IS