The Sun. — London, England, 1823-01-09 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. PAais, JLN. the Duke de San LOrenzo, 'Minister of, Spain, last night dispatched a courier Madrid. It is announced that the department of Con sulships and Commercial Agenti in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been offered to M.Delalot, and that this deputy would not accept it.—(Ge zette de France.) An extraordinary courier arrived on Saturday at the Spanish Embassy': he was the bearer of important instructions for his Catholic Majesty's Ambassador ,at the British Court. Yesterday morning M. the Duke de San Lorenzo sent off dispatches for London. The choice for the embassy to England is now between M. the Prince de Polignac and M. the Duke de Fitz-James. Whichsoever of these two personages may be selected by . the Government for this important mission, the political views of .the Ministry cannot lose a support. 7 —(Courier Francais.) , • His Excellency M. de Chateaubriand, Mini ster of Foreign Affairs, gave a soirée yesterday. The assembly was very brilliant. A great num ber of personages of distinction of the various admi►►istrations of the State were present. Ge. neral Quesada was remarked there. This brave dk.fender of King Ferdinand was presented to his Excellency by M. the General Donnadieu.— Nuotidienne.) Madame the Duchess de Berri was present yesterday at a soiae which his Serene Highness 'Abe Duke d'Orleans gave to Prince Leopold of Saxe Coburg. Thanks to lithography, we shall soon have a complete collection of all the personages, whe ther at Madrid, at Perpignan, or Toulouse, whose names fame trumpets forth. - The Trap •pist may be placed by the side of M. Llorente ; :`the Baron d'Eroles 'by General Mina ; and the 'Bishop of Tarragona by the famous fiscal Parades. The portrait of the Nestor of the Cortes, M. 'Ratner° Alpuente, is now exhibited for sale at most of the print shops. He is in military attire, in the act of mounting guard. This old man is aged 70, and still appears full of energy. It is • affirmed that the likeness is perfect.--(Constilu. flannel.) (Front .11w Quotidienne.) There .aye no examples in history that war has ever been avoidettby pastponing,it, and there area thousand, on the con. trary, in which it has been prosecuted with success, by not de.' ferring it.. All wars, which justice and honour command, are . always ,squally indispensable on the grounds of prudence and reason. France has so long shewn us the abuse of force, can she not thew the employment of it? There areinconveniencies to sustain in making war, but there are dangers in not making it. ,It is the eharacterlitic of want of foresight and of .weakness. to be more impressed with present inconveniencies than impending dangers. If France now hesitate to make. war ageinst an oppressive Government, -with the almost unanimous support of the op . pressett nation, which every where k rising to break her chains, I ask with sincerity against what can she ever make it ? Will 'War be declared to the Cortes ? Useless question. Will War be made against the Cortex ? This is what must be inquired. ff the revolution of Spain triumph, it will remind us of what we seem to have forkotten. ft is, diet we have declared W ar against it, as it is declared against a powerful enemy, every time dsst it is shown; and it the revolution- be conquered, it ,will be disastrous to France not to have contributed to its over. throw. In this time of seduction, the French soldier ought only to be encamped in the enemy's country. Nothing is more dangerous than to keep in garrisons an army . telich expected to march against the enemy. ' Oh I what wise policy is that which would impound a revo. `lotion, and plunge a great nation into barbarity, to preserve ci vilization in Europe. Taeitus relates that a revolution having broken out amongst the Suevi, Vannius, their King, an ally of the Romans, was pieelpitited from the Throne, and his State subjected to all the honors of civil war ; the Emperor Claudius' was earnestly intreated to come to the relief of this people and their King; but he contented himself with generously promising the King of the Suevi an asylum in his dominions, if they drove him .nut of his Awn, and he wrote at the same time to the Go vernor of Pannonia, recommending him to establish a cordon of troops on the right bank of the Danube, in order to aid the vanquished, and to repel the victors, if, intiaMed with their success, they should dare' to follow up the war within the limits of the Empire. This policy eventually succeeded very 111, and appeared contemptible to the Romans, and hence it can not be that of France. In the presence of Revolution there are no happy Sabines. The French boldier is born for attack, and it is more than lin prudence to let him continue inactive under the artillery of Liberalism. fro dissolve the Army of Observation would be a. defeat;--- to maintain it, an imprudence ; to indulge the idea that may he avoided, a chimera ;'--to await it, a dishonour ;—to ex , pact that Revolution will reform itself, an illusion. What re. source remains If France he ignorant how a dynasty is sustained on the , throne, with the support of Europe, let her ask the shade of that great King who placed bins there.,-in spite of Europe. Must she wait to decide until the opprobium and danger .or Ferdinand have been treasured with mathematical. pre ,cision, similar to that which took place in the State which Montesquieu mentions, where they tneasw red the outrages corn mittod against a woman like a figure in geometry. And has France forgotten that a captive King has already one foot upon ~the scaffold ? What Was the cause that Louis XVI. lost his head—was it an invasion ?No; it was atetreat * 11 . (Signal) HENRI DE BONALD. MAnnm, Ditt. '2o.—(Extract .at a Private Letter.)---" A. visit paid by M. A'Court, the I English Minister Plenipotentiary, to M. San Mi ,guel, has given rise to numerous conjectures ; but the true motive Juts not transpired. It is , *Rid that on this occasion he gave some explana tion respecting the English expedition off Cuba." BATONNE, DEc. 31.—0 n the 20th • Colonel Assura attacked, at }Uwe', from three to four ,hundred rebels, who had been left to defend that position. With the exception of thirty men, who arrived in the most deplorable condition at St. Jean Pied de Port, the whole were destroyed by the Coustitutionalists.—Colonel Assure after wards got possession of Barbastro, where he found a great quantity of munitions of war and Trovisions. Lermout4, Dcc. 20.—Letters from Corfu in. .form us that the late successes of the Greeks by. -sea haste inflamed the courage of the inhabitants of the Islands so much, that they are disposed to try their fortune again. Numerous armaments ,are preparing in their ports, and it is believed that the castles of the Dardanelles, and all the Mussulmen artillery, will not prevent these hardy and bold sailors from passing the Strait this winter, and making the }lag of the. Cross float in -the sea of Wetmore, and even at the entrance of :.0 onstanano') le, THE REGENCY OF URGEL AND THE ARMY OF THE FAITH. The following curious detail is from a 'eery well-informed quarter : order to appreciate justly the Regency of Urgel, is ne cessary to be acquainted with the places where it has been formed, and the persons to Nylioni it has addresietkitself. There already existed in Spain bands of guerillas, who seized every opportunity of rising and of infesting the roads, fur want of a 'more peaceable \ occupation. Spain is, of all the countries of Europe, one of the least civilized, and that in which industry has made the least progress. There are few great roads, and in several provinces the traveller passes over immense distances without meeting with any cultivated land, or a single habita tion. Among a people,,thus destitute front their want of in dustry, and possessed of a lively imagination, it is easy to find men disposed to range the mountains with a musket on the shoulder. These men, united into a band, may succeed in molesting, but.could not resist, an 4rmy. Thus it happened with the guerillas opposed to the Imperial troops of Napoleon, and with the bands of the Faith opposed to the Constitutional Army of Mina. The Regency of Urgel was established on the lunes of the, Pyrennees, the most favourable place for an in surrection. on account of the height of the mountains, the mi sery of the inhabitants, and the proximity Of protection from France, whose Ministry afford it as much assistance as they can without compromising themselves. To excite the peasants of ,Cerdagne, the poorest province of the Pyrennees, was not diffi cult; to obtain some degree of success in countries which were not defended - , was not more difficult ; and it has been imagined in Europe that the Regency, composed of men of genius, of ' intrepid chiefs, and fanatic soldiers, was about to overturn the Spanish Constitutional Government, Yet nothing was ever more untrue. The soldiers of the Faith are not fanatic ; they are poor and wretched, and are without clothes, though living under a rather severe climate. ,Guided by feelings of mere inte rest, they lent themselves to the first power which promised them food and clothing. The proof of this is, that they frequently utter complaints against the Regency—that the latter can pacify them only by levying continual contributions—that after the capture of Puycerda they would have greatly ill.treated the King Mataflori da,ifthe French army had not prevented them ; and that,finally, since the law of the amnesty, a great number of them have re turned to Spain, and entered into the army of Mina. This law of amnesty, to which the French authorities at first refused to give publicity, sufficiently proves that Mina is well acquainted with the enemy he has to deal with, and that he knows that food will always buy them. Another consideration will put it be yond a doubt that the Spanish insurgents are not fanatics, and that is the manner. In which they fight. At l'uycerda they were 3,000 in number, and yet, after a dozen shots from the ,Constitutional troops, they made an ignominious retreat, though their potution'was advantageous, and their assailants were only 400 in number : they fled into the plains of Cerdagne before a hundred cavalry. This is not the way in which real fanatics proceed ; this was not the mode of fighting adopted by the Leaguers in France, the Jacobites in Scotland, and. on a more recent occasion, by the-Vendeans. Besides, fanatics, when de feated, become melancholy, and continue to be pursued by the fixed idea which has taken possession of their rifinds. The Spanish refuges, actuated only by self-interest, appear , much better satisfied to remain in France, where the authorities fin nish them with food, than in Cerdagne, where, pursued by the troops of Mina, they were not. always ,provided with Those who, like the writer of this, have met with them on the roads of Perpignan, must,he convinced that the defeat of their cause occasioned little uneasiness , to them, and that when they succeeded in obtaining alms, and converting it into a bottle of wine, . they were full of gaiety, and cared little to what place they were conducted. To the peasants whoM famine has led' to insurrection, must he added the smugglers, who abound throughout all the Pyrennees, and who are more constantly procurable than any, of the insurgents ; as to them, all parties may reckon on them as soon as they have occasion for them. With, regard to their leaders, they are not better chosen than the soldiers for the triumph of the Faith. There IS not among 'them one man of sufficient conseqnence to make an impression on the Spanish nation. Mataflorida is a mere advocate, who was only the other day living in great obscurity at Madrid, and.who became first a Marquis, and then a Minister, for having drawn up the address of the 72 Verses, in whiCh the abolition of the consti tution was required of Ferdinand. He was a Minister at the tinic when the events of the Isle of Leon enure before the pub,. lie. Compelled to retire, he found himself in the midst of the insurgents, and declared himself Regent ; two citizens, divert and Ortaffa, both Wives of Perpignan, and for a long time eXiled from France, joined hith under the title of Secretaries ; and when some fanatic journals, wishing to give importance to that which really had none, styled them Ministers of the Re gency, they accepted the pompous title. Mataflorida himself, whom the ignorant peasants of the country call El Rey,illata flarlda, allowed himself to be decorated with the title of King. Their importance has thus increased in the opinion of Europe, but not in their own army, where they had neither sufficient genius nor spirit to attach to their party any of the chiefs of bands, as unmanageable as their soldiers, and possessing each their individual ambition. Thus it will be observed, that the army never was less successful than since the formation of the Regency ; because, in fact,' partial insurrection was easily ac complished, but the organization of the bands would have been almost impossible, even to men. greatly superior to those who had attempted it. The Regency at first possessed some funds ; this is certain, because it paid some French purveyors, of the town of Ax, in the department of Arriege. It is im possible that they can have drawn them from Spain, for the mountains in which the insurrection took place are not capable of furnishing a few final-tot. Almost all the contributions have been raised there in kind. It cannot be doubted that these funds were drawn from France. They were too inconsiderable to suffice for a long continuance of expenditure, and the pur veyors themselves for a 'long time believed that they would never receive any return for their remittances. The want of pecuniary resources, with such soldiers as those of the Regency, was of itself a certain cause of defeat; the disputes and incapacity of their leaders soon completed the ruin of the cause. The Baron d'Eroles was the person upon whom the greatest dependence was placed. Be is unquestionably a Man of cultivated understanding, and has studied the law; but he possesses neither the physical nor the mental qualifications for a Guerilla Chief. Be is a contriving, intelligent, and am. bitious man, and more fit to act as a . diplomatist than a leader of insurgent bands. Besides, although he possesses rational opinions, he has thrown himself into the hands of an insane party, from motives of ambition alone, and in the hope of ob. taming great assistance from Foreign Powers. By the side of Baron d'Eroles were placed a crowd of leaders not very capable of understanding him, and not more disposed to obey him, and with whom it did not - suit the Baron to be seen. Because he seldom shewed himself, and because he was surrounded with a sort of mystery, the army placed the most confidence in the Baron d'Eroles, although it had no well-founded motive for relying upon his talents, never haying conquered under his or-' der.. The Baron had under him Romanillo, Misas, Mirales, Pleyrcs, Romainisa, the Trappist, and an innumerable string of chiefs, who were multiplied without end in an army where each person, can command a few men whom he may have col lected together. Most of these chiefs are Odor new Gueril. laiSts, who devastate the country, but aro, incapable of aid ing in a coneerted plan. Ronianfflo was accused:by the Army of the Faith, of nothaVing done what he ought to second a plan of d'Eroles, by which he occasioned his defeat ; it is even said that lie wits imprisoned in the fort of the Seo d'Ur. gel in .consequence of this conduct. Romanillo, on his part, complained that Baron d'Eroles, instead of placing himself, sword in hand, at the head of his troops, shut himself up to trace plans of campaign for an army which could only be led by an example of courage. Thus, therefore, disunion, and the consequent impossibility of acting in concert, prevailed among t he chiefs, some of whom committed such acts of rapine that they were disowned even by their own partisans. Almost all the monks or fugitive Spaniards, when questioned on the sub ject, agree in describing Mists as one of the most atrocious brigands that has appeared for a long time in the Spanish mountains. Bosieres is an old soldier, who has been sentenced to death both in France and Spain, and who at last has betray ed his own partisan. Mollorillo is a Piedmontese. The Trap pist is a mountebank, who, after having been guilty of the most shameful irregularities of conduct, took refuge in a con, vent, whence he issued during the late insurrection. The Army of, the Faith does not speak in high terms of his valour. This fellow is of the middle size, and has very black hair ; he always wears the dress of a Capuchin friar, with a very large hood. On his breast is a cross, composed of white wool, resembling the ancient crosses, and a large rosary hangs by his side. In this costume he shows himself every where. His gown is perfor ated in many places, as he says, by musket balls, which have northe power to injure him. One day, in order to convince the troops of this miracle, he cried to some soldiers, the accom plices of his fraud, " Fire at me, and you will see that the balls cannot touch me !" They fired, and the pretended Saint remained uninjured. One may conclude that their • muskets did not contain a murderous charge. Other soldiers who, doubtless, were not In the secret, wished to • fire at him also but he grew indignant,' and said, " You have doubted the power of God, and wished for proofs to induce you to believe in the miracle; you are not worthy to be his instruments,—go about your business." This Saint is not exempted frinn human feelings; for he quitted the Army of the Faith a long time previous to its defeat and the capture of Puycercht; and it is said that a jealousy with respect to the .coenmand was the motive of this anticipatory retreat. It is unnecessary to say more for the purpose of describing the Regency of Urgel, and these who direct and obey it. Its soldiers when they entered France were 'in a state of absolute destitution. 'With the exception of some Officers and some pee sons who were called pages of the Regency, nobody wore uni. ibrms. A great part of the army was without shoes, and wore only a very ditty kind of dress which is common to the Spa- , niards of those provinces. The fate of the women was most deplorable: with great difficulty they proceeded , along the route, carrying their children on their backs, or in their arms, and were frequently obliged to sit down in the snow, exhausted by fatigue and hunger. By their sides travelled the fat monks, closely wrapped up in warm gowns of all colours, black, gray, white, blue, and brown, and for the •most part mounted on ex cellent Spanish mules. The, Gentlemen, called pages of the Regency, travelled on horseback, with old sa ddl es , and some. times without either saddles; bridles, a stirrups. The' horses were those of c e m a gne, which,arebadly shaped, but excel lently adapted for travelling in a mountainous country. The number of Spanish refugees who' have entered France since the capture of Pnycerda may be •ealcolated at four thousand.— Nearly three thousand rations were delivered out at Bourg. Madame, on the road which leads to Perpignan. If, preceed• ing from Catalonia to Arregnn :Navarre, one estimates the number of insurgents in these two provincea at eight thousand, including in this number those who have been dispersed, it will appear that only between ten and twelve thousand'men took a part in the general insurrection. :Besidetohis number is no thing in.a country Wher,t , soldiera are worth so little, . and are so easily obtained. A subscrptuu . l company may at a ny t i me pm. cure soldiers on the frontiers of Spain, who will fight for any body. If rich enough to clothe and arm a few banditti, and to hire a good officer,, it might expect more success thin,the Re gency of tire, poor, incapable, and divided, has been able to obtain. LAS CASES' JOURNAL. ST, HELENA ANECDOTEi.— , Me time before the dinner hour Buonaparte assembled us all around him in his chamber. A servant entered , to announce that dinner was ready ; he sent us away, but as:l was goingout last, ho called me back. " Stay here," said be, "we will dine together. Let the young , people go—we old olks will s k ee p one another coin pally.' lie then • expressed a desire to dress, intending, as he said, to go into the drawing-room after dinner. While he was dressing, lie put his hand on his left thigh, where there was a deep scar. . lie called my attention, to it by laving his finger in it ; and, finding that 1 did not understand what it was, he told me that it was the mark of a bayonet wound by which he bad nearly lost his limb at the siege of Toulon. Marchand, who was dressing him, here took the liberty of remarking, that the circumstance was well known on hoard the Northumberland, that one of the crew had told hint on going on board that it was an Enslishinan who first wounded the Emperor. ,The Emperor tm this observed, that people had in general wondered and talked a great deal of the singular good fortune which had preserv e d hi m , as i t were , invulnerable in so many battles. " They we re m i sta k en ," added he, " the only reastn) was, that 1 Made .a secret of all my than, , ;ers." He then related that he had had three h orses kill e d under him at the siege of Toulon ; that he had had several killed and wounded in his campaigns Of Italy ; and thre3 or few at the siege of St. Jean d'Acre. Ile added, that he had been wounded several times ! that at the battle of Itatisbon a ball had struck his heel; and at the battle of Ealing or Wagram, I cannot say which, a ball had torn his boot and stocking, and grazed the skin of his left, leg,. In 11114,. he lost his horse and a hat at Areis-sur-Aube, or its neighbourhood. After the battle of Brienne, us he was returning to head.quarters in the evening, in a melancholy and pensive mood he was sud denly attacked by sonic Cossacks, who had passed over the rear of the army. lie thrust one of them away, and was obliged to draw his sword in his own defence : several of the Cossacks were killed at his side.. " But what renders this circumstance very extraordinary," said .he, " is, that it took PMace near a tree which -at that moment caught my e y e , and which I recognized as the very tree under which, when I was but 12 years old, I used to sit during play hours and read Jerusalem Delivered.' " Doubtless on that spot Napoleon had been first fired by emo tions of glory ! • The E s niperer, as we were going along, observed, th a t an y one who could have seen us at that time would recognize with out difficulty the restlessness and impatience of the French cha racter. "In tact," s a id h e , " none but French Men would ever think of doing what we are now about." At length we a rri ve d, breathless, at the bottom of the valley, 'What we had at a dis tance mistaken for a beaten road prOved to be nothing hut , a little strearnlet, a foot and a half wide. We proposed to step across it and wait for our horses; but the banks of this little streamlet weft very deceptive. They appeared to consist of dry ground, which at first supported us ; but we soon found :ourselves sinking as though we had been breaking through ice. I had already sunk a b ove my k nees , w h e n by a sudden* effiirt I disengaged myself, and turned to assist the Lmpernr, who had both legs in the mud, and had dot his hands on the ground, endeavouring to extric ate hi mse lf. Wi t h a great 'deal of trouble we regained the terra firma; and I could not NIP thinking of the marshes of Arcola, which we had been engag e d i n describing a few d a y s b e f ore , an d i n which Napoleon was very near being lost. The Emperor looked at his clothes and said, " Las Cases, this i s a dirty adventure." "If we h a d b een l ost in the mud," he added, " what would have been said in Eu rope ? The canting hypocrites would hare proved, beyond a doubt, that we had all been swallowed up for our crimes." JANUARY 1816.—0 n New Year's Day we all assem. bled about ten o'clock in the morning, to pre sen t th e com pli. ments of the se a s on t o the Emperor. Ile received us in a few moments. We had more need to ofrer him wishes than con. gratulations. The Emperor wished that we should breakfast, and spend the whole day together. Ile observed that we were but a handf u l i n one cor n er - of the world, and that all'our con. solation must be our regard for each other. We all accoth. parried the Emperor into the garden, where we walked about until breakfast was ready. ON THE PROPRIETY OF MAKING SILVER, JOINTLY WITH GOLD, A LEGAL TENDER. (From Ow E4inbfirgh„Cotfratit of Jan. 6.) .‘• - af. BY THE moire ICON. stu.acietse sterCLAIR, BART. Colt! is Ittni the money of the world, or measure of corn. tnercc, ()rill tobeso." (1) All that can be attempted at this time, is, to, ire a general view of .thismostimportant .question.. For that purpose it is proposed to consider, 1. What was formerly the standard of value : in this country ;-2. What are the arguments in favour of gold ;-3. What are the objections to that metal ;--4. What are theargumenbele favour of silver ;--5. Whether silver might not be made, jointly with gold, a legal tender ;-and,'6.'What advantages the Agriculturists would obtain were that measure adopted.~' . ', • ' ACCOUNT'OF •THE LEGAL TENDERS ESTABLISHED IN Estiateran.-Silver coins were, till nearly two centuries after the Conquest, the only money of British manufacture. A few gold pieces were coined by Henry 111. ; but Edward 111. was the first of our Kings who issued them to any amount. Gold ; was then made a legal tender, at the mint rate, jointly with silver, at rate Or value which the Sovereigns successively set upon them, till the 16th Charles 11. when they were per mitted to take their value, according to the relative value of gold and silver in the market. ' This continued to be the case, till, by a Proclamation of 9, George I. anno 1717, the rate or value of a guinea in currency was unfortunately fixed at twenty-one shillings, whereas In the opinion of Sir Isaac Newton it ought to have been 41 or even 6d. less; and thus, by i giving a fatal preponderance to gold, we have got involved n our present di ffi culties-it being much more difficult to keep up a currency in gold titan in silver. By the 14th Geo. 111., " silver coins" were enacted to be a legal tender for sums not exceeding 251. (to which sum it was restricted, owing to the deficient state of the silver currency at that time); but by the law as it then stood, silver coin was a legal tender to any amount, at the rate of ss. 2d. per ounce, and, by implica tion, bullion. There can be no doubt ) therefore, that originally silver was the sole legal tender, and, jointly with gold, continued to beset until the bank-restriction in 1797. When, however, it was re solved to return to a coin currency, then by a recentact (28th Geo. HI. c; 68.), passed only in the year 1816, for the first time in the history of our coinage, gold was made the sole standard of value, and the only legal tender for discharging debt. A IiGUIVIEN TS IN FAVOUR OF GOLD.-The firs: argument in favotirof gold is, that it is more conformable to the increased affluence of the country. We are told, that in the early and less wealthy stages of society, copper coins alone are known ; that by degree!, silver is introduced ; and as mercantile transac tions become more frequent and important, silver coins of a greater size and value areustal ; that gold then takes its place. (2) The answer to this, however, is obvious. As in the most re fined state of commerce, even gold itself is found inconvenient for large payments, a substitute is provided by means of bills and paper circulation, and then it becomes as easy to make a payment or to discharge a debt to any amount, whether north. nally it is in silver or in gold, through the medium of paper. The second argument in favour of gold is, an idea of its su- perior steadiness. But, whatever might formerly have been the ease, that is completely disproved by a return from the Bank of England, from which it appears, that dering the existence of the late war, silver was much lees subject to variation than gold. OBJECTIONS TO GOLD AS THE sTaNDARD.--These seem to me to be entitled to much consideration. ' 1. Gold being a scarce article, it is more difficult to procure it in sufficient quantities tar the purposes of general circulation, or to retain it ) i f ot h er countries have resolved to p rocure it. 2. Gold being a softer material, it is move expensive to keep it up at its due weight as coin. 3. It is attended with much trouble and inconvenience, to be constantly weighing gold coins, to ascertain whether they ought to pass. 4. Gold has been continually rising in value, as compared With silver, for the l as t 250,yeart, an ounce of gold having been worth only ,10 ounces of silver in the reign of , Elizabeth, but which. is now worth 16,i ounces, at the present Market prices of bullion. 6. 'lt is justly remarked by a most judicious author, " That ifl gold is mad e t h e stan d ard, and its price is lowered, the prices of all commodities will fall proportionably"-the very calamity now complained of. And, 1 - fi: Gold, it is believed, is not a legal tender at a fixed rate, in any country hut' England. It is left to find its own level as a marketable commodity. In this respect, other nations are more *rise and ju s t. For die natural depreciation of silver, froin its more abundant supplies, relaxes the burdens of industry, while the .continual increasing value of gold, continually increases the value of all. taxes, and the weight of all burdens. 0) . . "Anduattsyrs IN FAVOUR. OF SILVER.--'The arguments in favour of silver, as being either the sole proper standard of value, or entitled to be so, jointly with gold, seem to me to be unanswerable. 1. It is evident that gold may be dispensed with, more espe cially since the invention of paper money; but silver cannot, being essential for the smaller, consequently the more numerous payments. 2. Silver, also, cannot be so easily or profitably melted down, and, consequently, is more likely to be kept in circula tion, unless an undue preponderance is given to gold. 3. It Ls evident that silver, being a bulkier article, cannot be exported but at a _greater risk and heavier cha rges _; conse quently it is more likely to be r e t a in e d a t home. 4. All our accounts are kept In pounds or shillings, or in re ference to silver. Gold may be used for particular payments, as fees, where ready money is required; but silver is the money of account. 5: Silver is not so apt to be hoarded as gold, in which sub stance a large value may be kept in a small compass. Silver, therefore, is more to be depended on as a permanent medium of circulation, whereas the diminution of gold as a currency has been lamented alea great public evil, in a speech from the Throne to Parliament. 6. Silver, also, is the general tender or standard of value in alMost all other countries, and it is not for the advantage of any country to be an exception to a general rule. On these grounds it is, that silver ever has, and in the judg ment of the ablest men, ever will hold the prerogative of being the general standard in commercial countries ; gold being ar. .ways valued by silver, but not silver by gold. (4.) Why then should Great. Britain be an exception ? Or why should we overturn a systeni that had existed for many centuries, more especially as, by that 'change, we have added materially tii the oppression arising from the re-establishment of a metallic cur rency ? ON SILVER BEING MADE, JOINTLY WITH GOLD A LEGAL TENDER.-There are certainly objections' to this plan, and it will require great judgment to fix on the proportions be tween the two metals. If gold is rated higher at our mint, in proportion to silver, than it is in other countries, gold will ne. cessarily be brought in here in greater plenty, and. our silver will be exported. (5). This united standard was revived by an . act that passed in the year 1798, (38. George 111. c. 59.); and the late Lord Liverpool declared, " That during the whole time that the . two metals were jointly recognized as legal ten ders, no objection was made to it." (ii.) How, in opposition to such authority, and the uniform practice of many centuries, a new system should.have been adopted, Is to me unaccountable. O. Tile ADVANTAGES THAT THE APHICULTURIST WOULD DERIVE FROM A REVIVAL OF THE OLD SYS TEM-This is easily explained. The present price of silver is 4s. I ld. The Mint price is 6s. yid. Hence, if the silver Mint were opened to the public, it would save 7tl. in . every 4s. lid., and probably more, as the price of silver is likely to fall, when the large importations at' that metal arrive from the East Indies. Making silver a joint standard would facilitate paymenta, and would reduce the pressure of all debts and taxes nearly 12 per cent. The additions to the currency, under the new system, would likewise improve the price of commodities perhaps 6 per cent. more. Nor is this all.. If we are to have a metallic currency, we are likely to have it in larger quantities with two metals as a standard than with one. lf, from any circumstance, there is a g reat demand for gold in f or ei gn c ountries, i t i s probable that silver would be cheap, and we may obtain it more easily. It then becomes immaterial to us which coin is the most accepta ble in other markets. With prudent manageMent we shall always be able to obtain as much of the one metal or of the other, ns may be necessary for the purposes of circulation ; nor are we likely to want an adequate supply of paper circulation, convertible into silver, at the rate of as. 6d. per ounce, and th e price may be raised, it necessary. (1) Locke's Farther Considerations concerning raising the Value of Money, p. 75, 76. (2 Lord, Liverpool on Coins. (3 Remark by Thomas Attwood, Esq: of Birmingham. (4 Locke; Anderson on Commerce, vol. iii. p. 74 ; Mentes quiet', Sir William Petty ; James, in tis Inquiry, p. 2, 38, 39, and 1 11, are all in favour of silver. Lord Lauderdale's Speech and proposed Address in the . House of Lords, an. 11116; 211 r. Alexander 'Whig's Speeches in the House of Commons, on the 19th of March and 9th of April 1831; also Mr. Matthias Attwood's Speech, on that occasion, throw much light on this Mat important subject. (5) Harris on Coins, part ii. p. 59, 60, 61, and 62. (6) Lord Liverpool on Coins, p. 129. ~ unit „A. • #l , r Y, * • ,\ I .- MASONIC NOTICES FOll NEXT WEEK. ENGLAND. Afonday, Annan , 13, to xDON. Nos. 40, 100. 143, 241 . :119, 329, 335. Conwrnr. Nos. 131, 143, 320, 37 8, 433, 473, 517, 536, 540, 570, 574, 578, 7 01 . - 14, Loxnorr. Nos. 23, 62, 29 0 , 300,. „m. 479. COUNTRY. Nos. 24, 07; 138, 115,211, 263, 292, 427, 5 3 7, 214 ' 626, 668, 714. , Weanmlay, - 15, LONDON. Grand Steward's 1 ,0 , 0 .1. et Nos. 6, 92, 1 34 , 296. 309. COUNTRY. Nos. 92, 95, 105, 124,146, 207, TA 339, 342, 480, 487, 529, 58 1 , ul u ' 711. Thursday,- 16, Lovnow. Nos. 65 15 1 0 74 3 88 . CouNTitY. Nos. 113, 171, 289, 41 6, 453, 466, 469, 5 11, 561. - 17, Losnow. No. 493. Couxrur. Nos. 28, 3 1 , 5 0, 199, i t " 800, 846. --18, Lotinox. • • COUNTRY. No. 64. IRELAND. Tuesday, Jan. 14, CORN. No. 71 Tuesday, Friday, Sattrday, 111 or 1 ",.• For LITERARY NOTICE, StV our Fourth Page. PRICE OF STOCKS THIS DAY AT OSIE Wc.t.ocii• Bank Stock 245 India Stock ................... ..-,, 3 per Cent. Red. iyi India Bonds ................ 44, 3 per Cent. Cons.... 79A ex dm. South Sea 5t0ck............. ... 3. per Cent 92} Old Annuities ............ .. ._ 1 Old 9B EL hi11y............ ti 8 1' 1 pet Cent. I New --. . . Small.. .. wuf ex div. Ditto ............... .... 5 per Cents. 1797 — Bank for Act. ............... _.. Bank Long Ann. Imp. 3 per Cents. . Cons. for Account ..... .... 1 ICKS IN LONDON, .1-°. s, PRICE OF FOREIGN Sni AT ONE O'CLOCK. Five per Cents. 87. {Six per Cents. 00. Russian Five per Cents. (Metallic) 00. Ditto New illi. Neapolitan ( Five per Cent. Bonds, 73i ex die. • i Scrip, 76i. Austrian Five per Cents. (Metallic) 00. Prussian Five per Cent. Bonds, 00. Spanish New Ditto, 324. Scrip, 13 disc. !Five per Cent. Bonds, 85. ( Ditto New, 834. Danish Five per Cent. Bonds, 09. Chili . 74. {Old Bonds, 00. ' Colombian Six per Cent. Bonds, 61i. Ditto Scrip, 00. Peruvian New Loan, 77. Bank Shares .1:21 Ls. Six per Cent. 90i—onA , American Five per Cent. 94;4-94' Three pa Cent. 694. 11101-WATER Al' IJOLOON BRIDGE TO.MORR I,' Morning, 32 minutes after 0. 1 Evening, 0 minutes after _ire% French Til E SLJN• soLE.” auv.DicEirt; ,Aunc-1,• LONDON, -THURSDAY, JANUARY 9,18'23. FROM A conitEsroNnENT.; STocK EXCHANGE, 1141-past Twelve o'Clocl ; ''' This morning proves very barren of intellige ° in consequence of which the above Market er mains steady at 80? 1, the price Consols or e at, with very little business doing. w o Egr ess have arrived this morning from Paris, br' ll6 the French printed prices at 871. 60c., but is also another price quoted by private I " ite t , 87f. o ; and Spanish 52f t o 53. Nr' ° , 734. We do not hear anrinformation of tance by the French papers. Lord FITZ S ps SET sailed from Dover yesterday for the f r l th oo capital, from wh ence h e procee d s on his trli llsr i . to Spain, first having, n o d ou bt, an inter ° with the French Minister; a Messen4er i 3 ads arrived from Italy, who landed at Dover' i ' re hey s plentiful in th e m ar k e t. A rePort vails, said to h ave b een rece i ve d b y private re ters from France, that a disaffection anion?; troops of the French Army of Observati°% it taken place ; b u t we cannot g i ve i mp li c it cc ots to this report u n til we rece i ve f ur th e r at:cat' on the subject. FOREICIN FUNDS.—Spartish Bonds have improved this morn i ng , an d opene d at -6°l; Columbian is not quite so high as it left off 1 terday. Little business is doing t s bol . e i n toe market this morning. The recent appointment of some knocn Aces-t rents of the Bourbon dynasty to places O f and the fact stated in the Etoik,viz. that vt Re nt HARD, n 3 ARD, since his r e t urn f rom V ero , 11391 0 great pecunia r y rem i ttances to t h e A rl o,' ` )t. 1 ,1( Faith in Spain, though he is actually unde r A 0 0 process in Paris at the suit of the Ambassador ft the King of SPAIN, f or attempt i ng to rake a l O for the insurg en t Sp an i s h R egency seemt°l'o,or reanimated the hopes of the, advocates O r 0, in the French capital. It is inferred that 14 OUVRARD would not at first have vent ilre n i e o raise a Loan for th e p ur p ose i n question,u'os. he had covertly some countenance from Vita f or e Prussia, and m or e p ar ti cu l ar l y f rom the p or g A.IA Elt XAND, for the adoption of such a Me l %,j , It is even said th a t M. OUVII.AftD, nOtW ithst3 i lag the appa ren t d esperate sta t e of the Ar tli i io s. the Faith ,continues to transmit pecuniarl stiPP o te The silent c onn i vance , if no t positive 01) 00 ence, of the French Government in adverse to the views of the Cortese and