The Sun. — London, England, 1837-10-06 00:00:00

PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bonds ...•"..••••••••••• Beig!an Bonds ............ Ditto— E• -zilian Bonds ....... Account ...... .nos :tyres Bonds ..... — 1 Ann Account .....«....»..... .lian Bcnds Mao Account ................. C,!umbian 23% Ditto Account .... C 31utabian Bonds, 1924. 2614 1)i to Account D,nizii P0nd5....,... D;ttri Account ..... „.-- G:ck Ditto Bonds, 1825 • Ditto Account ..».......« Mexican Bonds, 5 per cent Girth Account ti per cent. ..... Acc3unt DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES OF STOCKS THIS Bank 5t0ck...... ........... — 3 per Cent. Red. — 3 per Cont. Cons 9 12 5iiii 3.. ? per Cent.......... I) , tto Red. — Now N per Cent. lOO 99% Now 5 per Cent............ ...... .. -- Bank LongAnnuitiestoexpire Jan. 5, 1S6() — Oct. 10, 1559..„...... - Jan. 5, IWO — Jan. 5, 18140 — April 5, 18 80 Jan. 5, 1870 — Omnium —Pm. India Stoek Ditto Bonds 54 53 55 pm. South Sea Stock .......... Old Annuities ..... . ...... -- New Ditto 3 per Cent. Annuities, 1751 - Exch. Bills, £l,OOO 53 51 pm. Ditto .....»....«..50G 5l 53 pm _ __ • Ditto Small Ditto Commercial. 1 pm. Ditto Advertised - Bank stock for Acc0unt........ - India Stock for Account Consols for Account THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. 1 Peruvian Bonds ..... — Ditto Account Portuguese Ditto Account .•.....••••......• 39% Ditto New Bonds Ditto Account .... 394, Ditto, 3 per cent. Prussian Bonds Russian Bends, 1822 ...... ...... Ditto Ditto Spanish Bonds...—. ...... ....... Ditto Account .... — Ditto Bonds, 1924 20% Ditto Account 9.0% French, 5 per cent.......... —I ._... c . 4 per cent —f. —e. -- 3 per cent. ...... -- Exchange f. r Dutch, 24 per cent. 5 314 3 Ditto Account 5 .3 Ditto, 5 per cent. 100 % 1,A Ditto Account — PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK Paid. Brazilian Imperial Mining Co. (Issued at 5/. pm.) 20 E stern Counties Railway 3 (treat Western Railway Company 55 '',2titon Railway Company 5 London and Birmingham Railway Company 9O London and Southampton (New) Railway I Nl,nehester and Birmingham Railway 5 Lnn:l, , n Pareels delivery Company Per Share 26 014 65 14 IA I Q 3 MAILS. A' rived. Due! Arrived. Due. Arrived. Due 0 America.......... 0 1 France ..... ...—.. 0 0 Lishon 1 I iiraz::............. 0 1 Guern. ;r Jersey 0 0 Malta 0 ti,nenos Ayres... 0 0 Hamburg 0 U Mexico ..... ....... 0 0 Carthagena...... 0 ii Holland ...... 0 0 Ostend.. ...... ... 0 1 D.Cohn... ....... 0 0 Jamaica U 0 Sweden... ...... ~. 0 I Fianders —. 0 / Leeward Wands 0 0 Waterford 1 HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. M0rninz.........11 minutes after 7. f Evening...... 45 anuutes after 7. The publication of THE SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this day at 10 minutes past Three o' Clock. v: l 7 ' 7" 1741 : (0„, '--- '• Wik (lir* 4 ,t*Ji 41C -,,W-234,4 LOND ON : FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1837. The excellent speech delivered by Lord BROUGHAM in the House of Lords, in June last, on the business of Parliament, has, we are glad to see, been published in a separate form, by I? IDG WAY and Sons. There has been for some time a general complaint that no business is done by the Lords during the first part of the Session of Parliament, and very little during the last. The justice of this complaint cannot, we think, be denied. The question is, where lies the blame ? What is the cause of this great national evil—for such it undoubtedly is—and what the remedy ? These are the important points to which Lord BROUGHAM ti;ects the attention of the legislature and of the &lilt:try, in a speech which, if the subject affords no srupe for the exercise of those powers of oratory in v.li,ch Lord BROUG HA M excels all living men, proves t' at he at home in dealing with matters of ;11• most minute detail as in generalizing facts, and ap at orinciples to the purpose of practical le- piing gre LitlOf. the Noble and L2arned Lord comincnces Ispch by illustrating the do-nothingness of the ,:use of Lords in the following very satisfactory man- \%r have bee❑ sitting between four and five months, and we have done little or nothing. We have passed one B!iT which at first gave rise to some discussion on one or two particular points, but, in the shape in which it has n olr passed, it is identically the same that was adopted be a Committee of your Lordships' House two years ago. That Bill was this year moved by the Master of the Rolls. It was found that four or five alterations had been made in the measure of 1835. I took occasion to express my sionbts as to some of those alterations, and my decided 0 ,14, - ,ction to others. The alterations have been, one after ar eoliter, abandoned, and the Bill left the (louse in all its pro'visions identically the same with the measure which left the Committee two years ago, having then come up from - the House of Commons. I cannot, then, congratulate your Lordships on having done much in passing that Bill. 'Then, there i$ another—the Municipal Corporation Bill —a measure of great importance, no doubt, but one that ;underwent, last Session, very severe scrutiny in a Committee of your Lordships, and it might as well have passed last year. But, with the exception of these two Bills, has any one thing been done this Session, to the fifth month of which we are now arrived ? There is, in fact, absolutely nothing, with the exception, indeed, of your agreeing to the resolutions against the province of Canada. Upon those resolutions your Lordships unanimously concurred with the other House. As Bayes says in the Rehearsal, 6 . When t'aey do agree, their agreement is wonderful." Upon those resolutions, and the unhappy proceedings of this House respecting them, I have often before stated my opinion, and to repeat it now would be unavailing. This, then, is all we have done ; and any other Bills sub mitted to your consideration must be brought forward at so late a period, that it will be almost impossible to give them any kind of attention. The case is precisely the same as it was in the Session of 1835. Nothing is done in the eginning of the Session ; indeed, hardly anything until the _month of July, when the whole of the business is thrown. upon us ; and that is crowded into three or four weeks, which, to be fairly done,—to be efficiently accom plish.d, after being deliberately considered,—ought to be spread over the whole of the seven months." Lord BROUGHAM regrets that there should be so great a diisinclination to originate measures in the House of Lords, and is of opinion that, though there may lie many measures which, in the present state oi parties, it may be desirable to introduce into the House of Commons before they are submitted to the hereditary wisdom of the country, there are others which might ad vantageously be laid before that Assembly in the first instance, and serve to take away in some degree the reproach under which it now labours. The privileges of the Commons likewise stand in the way of the public business. " Those privileges," observes Lord Brougham, " prevent the introduxtion into your Lordships' House of many mea sures, whii.th are either money bills or are mixed up with money clauses ; and of the operation of these exclusive privileges of the other House we had some experience in the Dublin Police Bill, a few nights ago. The conse quence is, -that a vast proportion of bills is admitted not to he within the original jurisdiction of this House, and only reeei vable here after passing the other House of Parlia ment. A.t one time it was supposed that these privileges - , Atended much further, and that no bill in which penalties were introduced could originate in this House. The incon venience sras long submitted to ; but the mischief we are now complaining of,—viz., the postponement of the busi ness of the House during the first months of the Session, —was so much felt, that it was found necessary to bring the subject forward in the other House ; and my Right Hon. Friend the Member for Montgomeryshire (Mr. Wynne), in concurrence with the then Speaker (Lord Canterbury), carried resolutions which enabled you to originate in this House bills with penalties. Now that relaxation of the Commons' privileges might be extended a good deal fur ther, with,out in any way interfering with what is most justly recorded as the exclusive right of the Commons, vii., that of levying taxes upon the people, and appropriat ingtheir p ro d uce . Wi thout infringing upon that un doubted privilege, I cannot help thinking that some further relaxaticm might be made in Parliamentary practice which would 1.)f) attended with the best consequences to the public business--would tend to the improvement of legislation, t i; well as the convenienc e of Members in both Houses of Parliament, and would, especially, spread the business of this House more equally over the Session. There is a second cause of obstruction, to which, how ever, I shah only advert, because it unquestionably is the right of parties to exercise their own discretion, in which House they shall choose to present their Bills, and this cannot be made matter of regulation, either as to public c: to private Bills. I must say, however, that the general and the just complaint of the whole Govern ment business being postponed to the end of the Session leads to the expression of a desire that the Government should begin earlier, and begin in this House whatever inta sures can be introduced here. My observation is not: di rected against the present Government or the last—against this Parliament or the preceding one ; the system is; in fault, an d i n di v id ua l s oug h t not to bear the blame. Lord BROUGHAM then notices the immense ills proportion between the business commenced awl that completed by the House of Commons every session. During the first week of last session a hundred notiovs of motions were placed on the books, very few of which ever proceeded a step farther, while the great mass of private bill business, which is forced through the House by the exertions of the parties interested in them, is necessarily clone in a' very imperfect manner. The average number of these private Acts passed during the last five years is 161. To such an extent has this passion for local legislation been indulged, that some towns, during the last twelve years, have had as many as twenty, and one even twenty three, Acts of Parliament, passed to regulate their separate affairs and interests. Of this particular species of legislation, the reign of WILLIAM IV. saw no less than 24,000 folio pages added to the statute-book ! The mischief arising out of this frightful extent of crude law-making may be conceived by any one who takes the trouble to think upon the subject. Those who `►ill not think for themselves will profit by reading the following passage in the speech before us : " I have stated the number of Acts passed in the last twelve years for some of the great towns. This species of legislation, however, is not confined to towns ; separate pa rishes have their numerous Acts also. In Marylebone alone since the year 1795, the local legislation fills a volume con taining 480 pages ; being much greater, I will not say, than the Code of Napoleon, but certainly than the Code Civile. Now each of those numberless Acts, I beg your Lordships to recollect, has the effect of suspending, changing, or re versing the law of the land, in particular cases, and wholly interrupting the exercise of the most important private rights ; altering the law under which men have made their contracts, held their property, settled their affairs, and un der the shelter of which they supposed themselves safe ; giving rights whiCh the law repudiated, powers which the law abhorred—authorising some men to do what the law prohibited to all, an d sanctioning that as lawful, which the general law of the land denounced, for bade, compensated, punished. That such Legisla tive operations as these should be performed in haste, without the caution and the circumspection which their transcendent nature demands—that the rights of parties should be violated by special enactments contrary to the general law of the land, without the fullest notice, the amplest opportunity of resistance,—without throwing wide open the doors of Parliament to all whose interests might by possibility be affected, is utterly inconceivable, and would be intolerable if it came to pass. But it is not enough that notice should be given, and the doors flung open to all parties, nor even that those parties should enter in and attend the proceedings ; it is absolutely necessary, if the most flagrant injustice and oppression are to be avoided, that they should be fully heard, and patiently listened to, — that the Court should not proceed a step without hearing them ; and that when it does come to a decision, none should presume to take a part in the determination but those who have listened to the whole matter upon which they are judging. In a Court of Law, where the question is of fact merely, or of applying the known and existing law to the particular case, what should we say if we were told that a Judge who had not heard the evidence, or the argument, had pronounced a decision affecting any party to the amount of the fraction of a farthing, while those who had heard the cause abstained from taking any part in the decision ? I put it to any man, be he lawyer or layman, whether such a stateincut would 119 t instantly be rejected as inconcAv able ? I grieve, however, to say, that as what seems im possible sometimes turns out to be true, so what would be regarded as inconceivable in an ordinary judicial proceeding, has constantly come to pass in the exercise of high legisla tive functions in both Houses of Parliament. I seek not to cast blame on any individuals ; it is the system of which I complain,—the practice which by long usage has grown up and become inveterate. With regard to Members of the House of Commons, the case is, indeed, different from ours. Men act there under the influence, not merely of the importunity of friends, which may he resisted, but the importunity of constituents, which cannot be so easily disregarded." There are no '.:aunts of vice on earth, we believe, where so much iniquity is committed as in the Com inittee-roonis of the House of Commons. It is well known to all who are in the least acquainted with the mode of getting private Bills through the House, that there is not one in a hundied'fairly passed. The Com mittee appointed to examine into the merits of the Bill can be so managed by a skilful agent as to make any report that suits his purpose. Let any impartial person read the subjoined statement of Lord BRouGuAm, made, not hastily and inconsiderately— not without book, as speakers sometimes do—but with the record of the proceedings in his hand—and say what confidence can be placed in the report of a Committee of the House of Commons on a Private Bill : " The attendance of the Members on railway commit tees is, by a late standing order, recorded in the votes ; and I find from that record of their proceedings, which I hold in my hand, that the attendance on one Bill which I will not name, or refer to further than to say, that it has been before the House this Session, was as follows :—At the first meeting of the committee there were present 48 Members, then 40, then 44, then 42, and then 40. I will suppose that every one parson who was entered as nomi nally attendin g did attend the whole time ; but it is pos sible that only five or six out of the 40 gave a continued attendance, and that the rest came occasionally, and went. The average attendance for the six first days was 43 ; but the committee did not rest on the seventh day ; on the contrary, there was an unusual attendance ; it looked as if they were disposed to work double tides : suddenly, the number who appeared rose from 40 to 71. One naturally asks, what could be the meaning of so sudden an increase How was it that, there having been only about 40 during the first six days, on the seventh day there should be an influx of 30 additional Members ? The riddle is soon solved by what followed : there was a vote, and on that vote I find that 65 divided. So that, though there were never more than 42 or 43 present during the hearing of the business, while the counsel delivered their speeches and the witnesses were examined, yet, the question coming before the committee for decision, it was determined by the votes of 65 individuals ! Some who thus divided had never at tended till the sixth day, and there were several who at tended for the first time on the day of the division. This course of proceeding is not confined to the case of which I have been speaking ; it is of ordinary occurrence. I will give another instance still more remarkable. In the case to which I am about to advert, the committee sat for fourteen days. In the course of the eleventh and three subsequent days there were six divisions ; out of these six three were equally balanced, and the matter was decided by the casting vote of the chairman. On the other three divisions there never was a greater majority than 1 ; the numbers were 7 to 6, or 6 to 5 ; so that the going out of a Member who had been present, or the coming in of a Member who had not been there before,—and who, conse quently, could not have heard a syllable of the evidence or argument—governed the decision. For the first ten days that the committee sat, the numbers who attended ran thus :—ln the beginning there were 17, then 13, then 17, then 18 ; then, when they had got into about the thick of the business, the numbers dropped down to 10 ; the next day they wore 7 ; then they began to rise again, and your Lordships will possibly suspect the reason of this rise. From 7 they mounted to 16, from 16 to 24, from 24 to 26, from 26 to 28, thus rapidly reaching that number of 28 on the 11th day. This is accounted for by a division taking place on that day. Now, 7of those who divided could not be found amongst the 28 • whe had given their attendance : they were seen on that ocoasion, but they never had been seen or heard o f b e f ore . Th e su bj ects to w hi c h thi s committee devoted its attention were of a peculiar de scription, and most remarkably precise was it in the results to which it arrived. One of the questions to be answered being the number of passengers that would be conveyed daily on that line of road, I find them estimated at 513 and 7-Bths of a passenger ! Such at least is the result of dividing the sum which the committee found, and to this exact result did those come who had been ab sent all the while ! The parties were also fractionally accu rate as to the income to be divided between the share holders, which was stated, to be 31,751/. 18s. 4d. The committee reported that the line and its branches, in an engineering point of view, were peculiarly fitting for their purpose ; that the gradients and curves were favourable ; that the steepest gradient was 1 in 290, and that extended over a mile and a quarter,' &c. Why, to learn this lan guage, it was necessary to attend for two or three days to gether on the committee." These unjustifiable practices are not, however, con fined to the Commons. The same system prevails in the other House, the Members of which are as unprincipled, aye, and as venal, as their neighbours in the matter of private Bills. We are sorry that our limits will not allow us to make more extracts from this speech. We shall, how ever, make room for the resolutions which Lord BROUGH AM proposed, and which were adopted by the House on the report of the Committee appointed at the instance of the Noble and Learned Lord. These resolutions will in future be acted upon by the House, we are sure, with the greatest advantage to the public, as they will have the effect of remedying much of the evil complained of. It remains to be seen whether the House of Commons will follow the excellent example thus set them by the Lords. " That no opposed Private Bill be referred to an Open Committee. " That every opposed Private Bill, not being an Estate Bill, be referred to a Select Committee of Five, who shall choose their own Chairman. " That every one of such Committee of Five do attend the Proceedings of the Committee, during the whole con tinuance thereof. " That no Peer who is not one of the Five, do take any part in the proceedings of the Committee. " That Lords be exempted from serving on the Com mittee on any Private Bill wherein they shall have any interest. " That Lords be excused from serving for any special reasons, to be approved of in each case by the House. " That the Chairman of the Committees, and four other Peers to be named by the House, be appointed a Commit tee to select and propose to the House the names of the five Peers to form a Select Committee for the consideration of each such opposed Private Bill. " That the Select Committee of Five be not named to the House, on the same day on which the opposed Private Bill is read a second time. " That the Committee to whom any such opposed Pri vate Bill is committed shall meet not later than eleven o'clock every morning, and sit till four, and shall not ad journ at an earlier hour, without specially reporting the cause of such adjournment to the House at its next meet ing, nor adjourn over any days except Saturday and Sun day, Christmas Day, and Good Friday, without leave of the House. " That if any member of such Committee is pre vented from continuing his attendance, the Committee shall adjourn, and report the cause of such member's absenting himself to the House at its next meeting, and shall not re sume its sittings without leave of the House. " That previous to the second reading of any Private Bill relating to Railways, and any opposed Private Bill, not being an Estate Bill, such Bill shall be referred to the Standing Order Committee, before which the compliance with the Standing Orders relative to Notices, to the depo siting of Plans and Sections and Books of Reference, Lists and Estimates, and to Applications for the consent of the Owners and Occupiers of Lands, and to any other matter which may be required by the Standirg Orders to ha done by the parties promoting such Bill previous to the second reading of such Bill, shall be proved." The destitute state of those natives of Poland who have been compelled to fling themselves on our shores, must excite the compassion of every humane mind. We appeal not to sect or party. We are sure that no generous heart will pause to enquire what may be the political creed of these ♦ictims of misfortune. It is enough for the genuine philanthropist —for the disciple of Him whose glory it was that "he went about continually doing good"—to know that these, his fellow-men and fellow-Christians, are in a situation of the utmost distress. This simple fact is enough to command his sympathy and his as sistance in affording that relief which he would him self wish to receive, were he placed in similar circum stances. We are extremely glad to find that this is the feeling which actuates the Common Council of the City of London towards the unhappy Poles. It will be perceived by the report of the proceedings of that body in another part of our Paper, that an application has been made to them by Lord DUDLEY STU A RT and Dr. BLUNDELL, the Vice-President and Secretary of the Polish Association, for the use of the Guildhall to give a ball for the benefit of those poor and help less refugees. There was no dissentient voice to this proposal. We sincerely hope it will he suc cessful in its issue : but at the same time we cannot conceal our fears that the proceeds of such an entertaintneat must be very inadequate to the wants of those in whose behalf it is given. We trust it will not supersede the bestowing of that private and individual charity which the case of the unfortunate Poles is calculated to call forth, and with out which they must be doomed, if possible, to a still greater depth of misery. Adrices from Lisbon to the 30th ult., have been received this morning. The KlNG—as Prince FER, DINAND is now styled—QUEEN, and Prince Royal, were in good health. The baptism of the Prince was fixed for the Ist inst. All was tranquil in the Portu guese capital and in Oporto, though fears were enter tained that the country would be soon troubled with disturbances not less fatal to its prosperity than the Chartist rebellion. The general distress is extreme ; and so many have been ruined by the late wars, that the nation is filled with adventurers reduced to the alternative of perishing, or subsisting by violence. To add to the misfortunes of Portugal, all confidence in the good faith of the Sovereign has absolutely va nished. The hostility of the Court to the wishes of the people is scarcely concealed. Of this the Corres pondent of our Tory Contemporary, the Morning Herald—the writer himself a staunch Miguelite— gives the following remarkable instance in a letter from Lisbon of the 28th ult.:— " When the Minister of War went to the palace with the news of Saldanha's defeat, the Queen availed herself of the plea of indisposition to decline the interview he sought. The painful task of receiving his odious congratulations on the occasion therefore devolved upon the prince —or, as he is now called, the King, who set the best face he could upon the matter, but made no reply. When he went back, to the Queen and told her the information he had received, she said, " What is to become of Saldanha and the Duke? Are they to be allowed to return here ?" The prince then showed her the capitulation, by the third article of which they are obliged to leave the country. On seeing this she began to cry, and said, " Well, since all our hopes are gone, I wish, at least, I could have the comfort of seeing my best friends about me." In less than half an hour afterwards she was as cheerful as if nothing had happened to disap point her—such is the happiness of being blessed with a phlegmatic temperament. The prince and the Empress have, however, taken the failure much to heart. The latter talks of returning to Germany soon, and the former has not ridden through the streets ever since, as he used to do almost daily. He is greatly disliked by all parties for the hautuer of his manner." Preparatory to King FERDINAND'S voluntary exile to his dominions in Germany, not quite so extensive as an English paddock, a deputation of the Cortes ought to present his MAJESTY with copies of the 16th and 17th Articles of the Constitution, as a me mento of the nation's clemency. The articles we al lude to are as follows : " Art. 16. The Sovereignty resides essentially in the na tion, from whom all political powers emanate. It is, how ever, exercised by the King and the Cortes, as delegates. " Art. 17. The political powers recognized by the Consti tution are the legislative, executive, and judicial." _ _ The careful perusal of these articles might bring FERDINAND and Donna MARIA to their senses. They would learn from them that it is possible for the Sovereign to be guilty of high treason against the nation ; and that the Cortes would not out step the limits of their proper authority, in in stituting an inquiry respecting the originators of of the Chartist rebellion, and upon tracing it to the QUEEN and her Royal Consort, solemnly to proclaim the vacancy of the throne of Portugal. The Consti tutionalists have manifested a forbearance—a respect for their Sovereign which reflects great credit upon their humanity ; and should future provocation on the part of the Royal Family ultimately compel them in self defence to adopt a different course, we shall not be the first to blame them. Portugal would lose very little were the KING, QUEEN, and EX-EMPRESS to ship themselves for Germany to-morrow ; and should they persevere in making the Palace• the focus of unnatural treasons—in encouraging the shedding of the blood of an inoffensive and loyal people—in filling the kingdom with fears, conspiracies, robberies, and assassinations— the Cortes will only perform a sacred duty in sending them out of the country. Our Liberal Contemporary the Morning Chronicle has a good deal of unmeaning twaddle, intended as the expression of regret for the defeat of the Chartists. If the Charter be so desirable in Portugal, the Estatuto real of MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA must be equally good for Spain. The September revolution of Lis boo wos effected by the same agency, had the same object in view, and was followed by the same results as the revolution of La Granja ; and yet, with marked inconsistency, the Chronicle advocates the one and deprecates the other. The revolution of La Granja was effected by a handful of private soldiers with a non-commissioned officer and a Minister at their head —so was the revolution of Lisbon. The Queen of SPAIN recognised, or pretended to recognise, in the sentiments of the mutineers the voice of the nation, and swore to maintain the Constitution—so did the Queen of PORTUGAL. The Spanish Cortes without a struggle adopted the resolution of their SOVEREIGN --so likewise did the Portuguese Representatives. Several Members of the Spanish Cabinet opposed the measure, and were banished—so were the Ministers of her Most Faithful MAJESTY. In a word, Portugal walked step by step in the footprints of Spain, with out deviating a hair's-breadth either to the right or to the left. And yet the very Journal that denounced the treason of IsTußiz and TORENO, in attempting to uphold the Charter in Spain, has tears for the mis fortunes of the patriots, TERCEIRA and SALDANHA, in Portugal I The Paris journals of Wednesday have all been received. From Spain the following intelligence had been communicated to the French Government : " A modification in the Spanish Ministry was expected to take place in Madrid on the 30th ult., in consequence of a resolution of the Co r t es , carr i e d by a majority of 57, declaring unconstitutional the measure adopted on the '2d of September by the Minister of Finance." Three other dispatches are published in the Moni teur, confirming the accounts received yesterday of the series of reverses experienced by the Carlists in every part of Spain. At a Council of War, held at Bona on the 24th ult., it was resolved that no attack should be made on Constantine before the arrival of reinforcements from France. The sudden appearance of cholera in the French army is likely to delay the expedition for another season. A letter intercepted by the French authorities, addressed to an inhabitant of Bona, asserts that, in the opinion of the prophets and marabouts, it would require as many Frenchmen to take Constantine as it would require ants to remove an egg from within a pot of milk. The disposable force of the enemy is rated by the writer as follows : " The camp of the Aga is composed of 8,000 cavalry and 4,000 infantry, with thirty-three pieces of cannon. That of the Bey consists of 5,000 cavalry, 11,000 infantry, and twenty-two pieces of cannon. That of the Kabyles of 13,000 infantry, and twelve pieces of cannon. The first camp is at the distance of four leagues from .the Mitre, and consists of the Arabs of the most warlike tribes. The second is twelve leagues distant from the first, and is composed of Arab Coulouglis and deserters. The third, which is at the distance of fourteen leagues from the first, is composed entirely of the Kabyles of Groiery, Bougia, Collo, Stova, &c. At one league's distance from the camp of the Kabyles is the Fort of Victory, defended by eighteen guns and 500 Turks. The gate of the city, which is the only accessible part, is defended bra small fort of eighteen guns. The ramparts are defended by sixty-three pieces of cannon. There is besides in Constan tine a quantity of artillery which cannot be used, for the want of gun•carriages. The city will be defended by 4.000 Turks, all old Janissaries of the Bey of Algiers, and others." We have no other news of interest in the Paris journals. The Moniteur contains a list of the fifty new Peers about to be created, which we shall give in our columns to-morrow. The example of so extensive a creation of Peers might he safely and prudently fol lowed by Lord MELBOURNE. 'We are sadly in want of a batch of some fifty or a hundred Liberal Peers to neutralize the Hanoverian policy of the House of Lords. The following brief extracts are from the journals of Wednesday : "BARCELONA, SEPT. 22.—The siege of the fort of Prades, in which 400 Carlists are shut up, is begun, but the Carlists, profiting by the march of a part of the besieg ing force, to go to meet the band of Tristan', have left the place, after setting fire to the houses of the Liberals. The Queen's troops entered Prades immediately afterwards, arid by way of reprisal, set fire to the houses of the Carlists, so that the town must be now a heap of ruins. The provin cial deputation of Barcelona published on the 20th a second decree against those who have failed to pay the contribu tions for carrying on the war. The Garde National con firms the account that Urbistondo and the Navarrese have quitted Catalonia to join the army of Don Carlos.—Journal des Debats, Oct. 4. LA CALLE, SEPT. 16.—The Arabs attack us incessantly. Last night they killed one man, and wounded another. We have been i under :arms for three days. La Calle is now a prison, less supportable than the Bagnio at Toulon. We are very unfortunate. GUELMA, SEPT. 18.—Yesterday the Arabs attacked our camp of the Col de Fer ; they wounded many of our men. An officer of the sharpshooters of Africa, at Guelma, has been killed in a duel by an ex-subaltern officer of chas seurs, settled at Guelma, who, in the last expedition of Colonel Duvivier, in which we had 64 wounded, was shot through the breast by a musket-ball, in attempting to carry off a Moorish standard.—Le Commerce. FRENCH FUNDS-PART;', OcT 4. Five per Cents.. 108 f. 60c. 55c. 50c. Four and a Half ner Cents. 102 f. Four per Cents., 100 f. 111 c. Three per Cents., 70f. 75c. 80c. Bank Actions, 2,435 f. Bente de Naples, 98f. 40c. 50e. 60c. 53c. Roman Five per Cents., 101.. Spanish Actives, 20% 1y%14. Spanish Passives, 4%34. Belgian Lean, Five per Cents, 104%34 , 4. Brussels Society, 1,660 f. Belgian Bank, 1,455 f. 1,457 f. 50c. Portuguese Loan, Three per Cents. 2534%34. kaytian Loan, 372 f. 50c. EXCUANOR ON LONDON. One month, paper, 25f. 47 1 4 e.; money, 25f. 4734 c. Three months, paper, 25f. 3234 c. ; money, 25f. 30c. -fours Authentiaue. LAST PRICES. Five per Cents., 108 f. 60c. Three per Cents. 79f. 90c. Bank Actions, '2,43)f. Roman Five per Cents., 101. Belgian Loan, 10456. Belgian Bank, 1,457 f. 50c. Brussels Society, 1,660 f. Portuguese Three per Cents., 25%. Haytian Loan, 3721. 5Cc. Spanish Actives, 20%. Spanish Passives 4y4. Spanish Differes BELGIAN 1. UNDS-BaussEte, OCT. 4. Actual Debt, 234 per Cent. Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent. lOl% Loan of Thirty Millions 92% Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent 10034 Society of Commerce, 4 S.', per Cent Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent 14234 -Brussels Papers, Oct. 4. A USTRIANFUNDS.-VIENNs, Sen. 26._ Five per Cents. Metalliques Four per Cents. Three per Cents. Bank Shares 1304% _ _ —Allgemeine Zeitung, Oct, 1. DUTCH FUNDS— AMSTERDAM, OCT. 2. Money. Bills. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent Ditto, ditto 5 per cent. A 'nor t Syndic, 4% per cent 935 94 Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent 75% 764 Commercial Company, 4 , 4 per cent 16154 162% Ditto (1832 and 1E03) 5 per con. Loan P 330, 4 per cent. — Ditto 1837, 6 per cent. Exchange on London, One month l2 07% Two months PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, SEPT. 2W. Bills. St. Schuld. Sch., 4 per cent 1024(, Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 101}( Exchange on London, three months 6 25 8 4 —Prussian State Gazette, Sept. 30. Money. 102 JOON MR. HUME, M.P.—A, letter has been received from Mr. Hume, in answer to the invitation from 865 of the inhabitants of this city to a public entertainment to be given him here, in which he states that he should have been most happy to meet so many public-spirited men, earnest like himself to demonstrate to the country at large their unaltered resolution to proceed in, and to perfect the work of Reform. But considerations, chiefly of a personal nature, of which he need mention only the lateness of the season, and the near approach of the meeting of Parliament, oblige him, most reluctantly, to deny himself this gratifica tion at the present time.—Glasymu Paper•. EMIGRATION.-13y returns from the Custom house, it appears that the number of persons who emigrated to the British North American colonies during the last year was 34,226, and to the United States of America during the sam e period, 37,774. In the year 1834 the numbers were respectively 40,060 and 33,074, and in 1832, at which time e migration seems to have reached its maximum, 66,339 and 32,930. The proportion of emigrants from the different parts of the empire has not remained the sane during the last ten years. In 1836 the number of persons who landed at Quebec and Montreal was, from England, 12,188 ; from Ireland, 12.590 ; and from Scotland, 2,224 ; while in 1829 the numbers were 3,565, 9,614, and 2,643 ; in 1831, 10,343, 34,135, and 5,354 ; and in 1834, 6,799, 19,206, and 4,591. Of those who landed at Quebec and Montreal last year, 23,088 went out at their own expense, and 4,640 were sent out by parochial aid, LITERATURE. LIFE OF SIR EDWARD COKE. Two Vols. Colburn, London, 1837. Sir Edward Coke, one of the most consummate lawyers that this country ever produced, was born during the reign of Edward the Sixth. His mother, we are told, was suddenly delivered of him by the par lour fire-side, before she could be carried up stairs to her bed. On reaching the age of manhood he applied himself most assiduously to the study of the law, in which he distinguished himself above all his contempo raries ; and at the accession of James the First, when he was upwards of fifty yearS old, shone forth—says hie present biographer, Mr. Johnson—" among those leaders of the land who endeavoured to rescue it from the degradation into which it was sinking in this reign of plots, favourites, and pedantry." After going through all the degrees ofj his profession, Coke was appointed to the high office of Lord Chief Justice of England, and died at the mature age of eighty-four. The biography before us of this great lawyer is wealthy in details, and shows considerable knowledge of the times ; but the author has, we think, pourtrayed the character of Coke in rather too flattering colours. His rancorous behaviour on the occasion of the melancholy trial of Sir Walter Raleigh is not to be defended on any principle of justice or humanity ; nor his conduct towards the Catholics, whom he hated with a hate amounting almost to insanity, and in his Institutes, his speeches to Parliament, and charges to juries, took every opportunity of vilifying and denouncing in the most opprobrious, unqualified terms. At the trial of the gunpowder-plot conspirators, Coke made a very conspicuous figure, and in his speech to the judges, which produced a wonderful sensation at the time, thus forcibly alluded to those great persons who would in all probability " have suffered in such a terrific explosion :" " I tremble even to think of it. Miserable desolation No King, no Queen, no Prince, no issue male, no Coun cillors of State, no Nobility, no Bishops, no Judges ! Barbarous, and more than Scythian or Thracian cruelty. No mantle of holiness can cover it—no pretence of religion can excuse it—no shadow of good intention can estimate it. God and Heaven condemn it—man and earth detest it—the offenders themselves were ashamed of it—wicked people exclaim against it—the souls of all true Christian subjects abhor it. Miserable, yet sudden had their ends been, who should have died in that fiery tempest and storm of gunpowder ; but more miserable had they been which had escaped." There are many curious anecdotes relative to Bacon in these volumes, who, as is well known, entertained a strong personal dislike to Coke. The following is curious :—" Queen Elizabeth had no great opinion of Bacon's legal knowledge. She told the Earl of Essex on one occasion what that Lord thus reported to Bacon :—' She did acknowledge that you had a great wit, and an excellent gift of speech, and much other good learning ; but in law she rather thought you could make show to the utmost of your knowledge, than that you were deep." This is a remarkable instance of that inveterate dislike the world has, to give a man credit for the possession of excellence in .more than one department of mind. As the Queen Elizabeth— speaking of course the sentiments of those by whom she was surrounded--thought of Bacon, so think but too many of our modern lawyers of Lord Brougham. Be cause he is a philosopher—a scholar—a man of science, and a first-rate politician—they will not allow him to he a lawyer. They must needs find something in which they are greater than he is—some soft cushion on which their vanity may find repose, and be soothed. Had Lord BROUGHAM not been a man Of lofty and versatile capacity, he would have been considered a far profounder lawyer than it is the fashion of some of his legal contemporaries to consider hi►n. How ever, he can bear with this neglect, for he has achieved that which will cause him to be remembered long after the present legal generation has been swept away, and is forgotten. We shall revert to these volumes on some more leisure day. WANDERINGS IN SOUTH WALES. Tilt, London, 1837. A portion of the contents of this splendid octavo has, if we mistake not, already appeared in print, in the form of monthly numbers. We are glad, however, to see the work reproduced in its present form, for it is by far the best of its kind. Mr. Roscoe, the author, is an observant tourist ; nothing escapes his searching scrutiny; he does not content himself with merely hurry ing along the beaten track of travellers, but deviates into sheltered vales, sequestered glens, and remote mountain solitudes, not visited, perhaps, by professed hunters after the picturesque, once in a dozen years. His ac count of the wild Carmarthen district—that portion of it, we mean, which borders on the Black Mountains, and which he justly calls, the " most savage and inhospitable tract in South Wales"—is remarkably full and faithful in its details, as we ourselves can tes tify, having once spent a whole summer in a patri archal village at the foot of the lofty precipitous moun tain ridges of Llynn-y-Van. His sketch of Dynevor Castle, and, in particular, of Grongar Hill, well known by Dyer's (a most neglected poet by the bye) exqui site descriptive ode, is not less vividly and accurately painted. He ought, however, to have made more of Cerig-cennan Castle, and its strange cavern, of which if he had enquired, he might have heard strange le gends and ghost stories from the peasantry who live in the secluded hamlet near its base. The embellish ments, which are not less than forty-eight in number, are executed with the utmost skill. THE ENGLISH ANNUAL. Churton, London, 1837. " One swallow does not make a summer," or we should take for granted that the appearance of this Annual announced the close advent of the whole glit tering fraternity. It is the first we have seen this year, but being merely a reprint from articles that have already been published in the " Court Magazine," in which also the majority of the plates appeared, and which consequently were noticed by us in our " Ma gazine Day" from time to time, we feel it unnecessary so say more on the present occasion than that the " English Annual" is a very creditable specimen of its class. The best engraving is the portrait of Lady John Russell. THE CHILD'S FAIRY LIBRARY. Tegq. MORAL AXIOMS FOR THE YOUNG. Macrone, London, 1837. Two excellent little works, well adapted for the in struction and entertainment of the young folks to whom they are addressed. INSOLVENT COUPT (THIS DAY.) (Before the CHIEF COMNpSSIONER and Mr. Commissioner HARRIS.) IMPORTANT TO ASSIGNEES. IN THE MATTER OF THOMAS ANSELL, AN INSOLVENT. Mr. COOKE applied this morning in this Insolvency for a declaration from the Court of the meaning of an order pro nounced by it some time back. The facts of the case, ahe nd the grounds of the application, were shortly these insolvent, who wi),, Survevor of Custotn, at a sab:,ry of 4001. a year, sonic time since took the benefit of the In solvent Debtor's Act. Upon the hearing of the petition for his discharge, a sum of 150/. a year out of the insol vent's salary of 4001. was ordered to be set apart towarag the liquidation of his debts, accompanied by a recommen dation to that effect from the Commissioner of the Court to the Commissioner of Customs, and was agreed to by the latter gentleman. The order of recommendation was in usual form, that the first payment should be made out of' the salary becoming due on the Ist of September. Wh en a quarter's salary became due, the assignee applied for the portion set apart by the Court, but was offered by the per son who had the payment of the salaries at the Custom house, that portion of the insolvent's salary only which had accrued from the Ist of September. From this misapprchen s.on of the order of the Court by the officers at the Custom house the assignee would only receive a month's portion of the sum ordered to be set apart, instead of three months. Under these circumstances the present application became necessary. The Learned Gentleman believed that orders had issued in the form of the present one for more than two years, and with the exception of the present instance, had never received a construction directly contrary to the intent and meaning of the Court. Mr. Commissioner HARRIS said that hitherto all th e Governmet.t offices had construed the orders of the Court rightly, and he was at a loss to know why a different con struction had been put upon the orders of the Court by the officers at the Custom-house. If that construction were to prevail, the assignee would receive only a portion of a month's salary instead of three.- He would rather not make any order on the subject, but would direct Mr' Massey, the Chief Clerk, to write to the Commissioners of Customs, informing them what the menaing of the order of the Court was. LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.) DEAL, OCT. s.—Wind W. S. W., moderate.—Arrived the Rawlins, from Jamaica; and the Asia, Wood, from Quebec. Sailed this morning the whole of the outward bound. Arrived and proceeded for the River, the Ann Lockerby, Watson, from Batavia and Rotterdam. Came down from the River and remains, the Waterloo, Cow, for Sydney. PORTSMOUTH, OCT. s.—Wind W.—Arrived the Arno , from Palermo. FALMOUTH, OCT. s.—Wind W. S. W.—Arrived the Alert packet, from Rio Janeiro—s a iled 17th A ugus t, Babia 27 t h, and Pernambuco 4th ult. ; and R e i n d eer packet, from th e West Indies—sailed from St. Thom a s th e 4th ult. Sailed the Express packet, Lieutenant Crok, for th e W es t Indies, Wi th mails ; Ayrshire Lass, for St. Jago d e C u b a ; and Fly, W l ' liamson, for Lisbon. DOVER, OCT. s.—Arrived off po r t th e Ki e l ma ins, Thomr son, from Sydney—sailed May 27 ; Ki ngs t on , Stiles, fro Bombay ; Yare, Fawcett, from M on t e Vid eo . STA N GATE CREEK, OCT. s.—Arrived th e F ran ces, War e, from Trieste. COWES, OCT. s.—Arrived Ma r ia an d B e t se y, N e w York' SWAN AGE, OCT. 4.—An ived off port, Harmony, Labrador. TEIGNMOUTH, OCT. 4.—Arrived the Abeona, Jal' ett ' from Labrador. BRIGHTON, OCT. s.—Arrived off port the Colombo, M`K el iar. from Ceylon—sailed May 1. WEYMOUTH, OCT. 4.—Arrived Gcntoo, Black, Calcutta. A LDEORO UGH, Ocr. 4.—Arrived the Olive Branch, Cou sins, from Riga. SCILLY, OcT. 3.—Arrived the Anna, from Havannah. JERSEY, OCT. 3.—Arrived the Harmony, Dupre, from Ali" cant; Britannia, from St. Petersburgh. BRISTOL, OCT. s.—Arrived the Augusta, Balsdon, fr °l° St. Petersburgh—not the Susan, from Demerara, yesterday. DUBLIN, OCT. 4.—Arrived t h e C rusa d er, f rom H o nduras.; Garner, Richardson, fro m Gibr a lt ar; and City• of Lime rick steamer, from London. as stated CONK, OCT. 3.—Arrived Persamento, Feliz, St. Übe'g r ; mLr ENICK, OCT. 3.--Arrived, the N uma ( transpor t), IVl'" ce ' from Ceylon. HULL, OCT. 4.—Arrived, the Ellison, Lee, from Green land (fish 14 tons), with great damage, having been beset from Jane 3 to the 10th ult. ; the Rajah, Ferguson, from Que bec ; the Hutchenson, Hutchenson, from Ceylon. LIVURPOOL, OCT. s. —Arrived, the Medora, from Barbahe s ;;.. the Ogleth o rp e , f rom S avanna h ; t h e B runette, f ro m N t _ e eo, Orleans ; the Eliza A nn , B urgess, f rom Ch ar l es t o n ; t u ft., ... Julia Smith, f rom N ew f oun dl an d ; t h e P row l er, f rom Beyrou the Peri, from the Mediterranean. The Victoria, Madwich, from Milford to London, Wag °II shore near Margate yesterday. The Jessie, from Wick to Cork, was lost on Arkl o w 135 /1" Sand ; crew saved. The Charles Mills, from St. Thomas to St. Domingo, Wa g lost on the 12th of July, near Saone Island; crew saved. The William the Fourth, of Barbadoes, was lost on the the Island of Ramos, on the 2d ult. THE FUNDS.—(THIS DAY.) CITY, TWEL TE 0' CL 0 CIC. During the whole of yesterday the speculations in the British funds were of a limited description, but closed firm at 92 to 92 t i for Money, and 92- to 92/ for the A c count ; opened this morning at th e same . E xc h eque r Bills, 49 5 :2; India Bonds, 52 54 ; India Stock, 261 ; Bank Stock, 21 2 2• In the Foreign Market, Spanish Active closed 201, with Coupons ; opened at the same. Portuguese closed 39'1 ; Three per Cents., 251 ; Mexican, 291 ; Colombian , 2 6 1 Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 58g- A Jamaica mail h a s arr i ve d thi s morning, Bir d by the deer—sailed the 26th August, by which we have receiv e Jamaica Papers of the 26th August. BARBADOES.—A new House of Assembly has b e f, l .l elected in Barbadoes, and the session opened on the of August. The Hon. Samuel Hinds was again chose" Speaker. THE MUTINY AT TRINIDAD.—The Af r i ca ns h ad lwho been enlisted into the West India Regiment stationed there; still occupy the attention and excit e th e a larm of ° I fellow colonists. We are informed that another misunderstanding ,b . 3 : arisen between our Consal at Panama and the authoritte there. This intelli g ence reached u s by an A me rican v ess e l' ei from Chagres, bound to Baltimore. The Jamaica PaP er a, the 18th of August says our House of Assembl is diss olve Her Majesty's bri g W an d erer anchored at y Port Ilon a on Saturday, accompanied by two brigs, a Portuguese a e t Spaniard. Th e Af r i cans we understand were landed at Nassau ; w e d o not k now the exact number.— B arb a Papers to the 21st Aug. The pro c l ama ti on o f hi s Excellency, the Governor, fili; ing the rate at which the British coins shall be receive d ' os well intended ; but we see no great necessity in it p 0 sills people are very glad to give 50 per cent. for it since• on of Exchange have risen to so high a premium, will be none of this British money in circulation. Demerara papers to the 17th of August have been re" ceived, but they do not contain any news of conseque We have received the Rio Janeiro Price Currentn,o,efeit 14th August, with the following observations se nt state of affairs in this market, which we had to rePr i e tioy very gloomy in our last of the 23d June, has raever"al become more and more distressing, hanadvehaadsdhceadtuasithddeirnse_tier more suspensions and failures. The low price oc tsm T. ue, tasrte ssuppl yuiproducet(ryeboyofin tf woe mioi foreigntochohno the general ytohgfeemtn naturallyhse a l ora r a k vin e e etsmt, trade and distress. eo arising thep, unusual delay a firth t check), has prevented the exc h a n h : fs e :ral f e r °c o tte m whie:teisncd ie:Pgs:° : ;l • n n em u rf e jusa-"1 material decline, the more so as the metals have contl_nedu: to be nearly on a par with the rates ; hopes are entero,pro and we believe not without reason, that a fair supplY duce, which h ence f orwar d can scarce ly fail to com e forty beico may tend to imp rove t h e rate. Business lately has ther° doing on a small scale at 80 to 29i, and to-day, 9 d s : a a ‘' o e f remaining littl e money at t h e l at t er rate, and no 29. The ship ments i n goo d s were , in June, 42,234 b e f 29 .0 coffee, against 43,568 in 1836. Stocks , 88 ; Exchano HALF-PAST eiv:c4o. The Cott on sa l es w hi c h commenced th is morn:. el; London arc go i ng off' at rather lower pric es, in conseq ° of the heavy market at Liverpool. g , but We h ave no f ur th er arrivals since the morn in for the Consols continue buoyant, and improved to 924 - 9 n et Account ; Money, 921, with little doing. Ex ehe l q .,jia Bills, 53 51 prem.; India Bonds, 53 55 prem.; 1 " Stock, 0 1 0 1. pon l s n ; th p e o F rt o u r g e n ig e n se, l\ 3 l 9 a?e ; t T S h p r a e n e is p h er C Activee nt s . 2 , O i 53t * 1 0 1 1 , 1 C1 :1 1 e : accounts from Rio Janeiro has had but little effect Two- tch Brazi a l Stock-831, H11 e have an arrival this morning from Calc utta De° r ex do d n iv ts it . l , e s n ; d 3. . Colombian of importance. 12th of May, but we do not hear that it brings any TAYKSB,O the Consols for the Account, 921 The 'aCi° N E W TRANSLATION OF THE 818 LE...- - vertisement that appeared in this paper, September 50, will be repeated to-morrow, with another powerful SUbi,dial• LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, OCT. 5*" ... T There is no alteration in the Cotton Market to-day, %chic s till continues dull, and the sales are onl y 1,000 bags. CO. sisting of '2OO Maranharns 81(1. to Sid.; 10 Perna ws .V. to 9: 1 ,-d.; 40 Egyptians, 9id. ; and th© r est iean, 6d. to 7d. per lb. rArne' THE SUN, L ONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1837. THE MARKETS-(THIS DAY.) CORN EXCHANGE. The arrival of Wheat and Flour this week is tolerably good, of other articles the quantities are small. The Wheat trade this week has been extremely heavy, and prices are further declined 2s. per quarter since Monday last. Barley, Beans, and Pease are unaltered. In the Oat trade there is little doing, and Monday's rates are hardly maintained The bakers decline buying Flour this week, as they expect it lower. ARlll VALS. Wheat. Barley. Oats. I Flour. Baguet 4,920 qrs. 1,.2.30 qrs. 9RO gra 4,430 racks. Irish Foreign I - SMITHFIELE This day's supply was very good alteration from the prices last quol PRICES PEA STONE OF SLB 2. d.tos.st. Inferior Beasts 2 4 2 6 Second quality ditto 2 8 3 2 Prune large Oxen 3 4 3 8 Scoti, &c. Large coarse Calves 4 0 4 6 Prime small ditto S'ickling Calves each l6 3.2 SUPPLY AT Beasts. Sheep. 598 6,090 3 MARKET. d, and the sale was dull at little ,ted : B. TO SINK THE OFFA LS. s.d. to s Inferior Sheep 9 4 3 6 Second quality ditto 3 8 310 Coarso-wvolled ditto 4 2 4 4 Southdown Wethers 4 6 4 8 huge Hogs . ........... :3 4 4 1 ") Small Porkers 4 4 4 8 Quarter old Pig ,each )2 0 21 MARKET. I Calves. I Pigs 194 294 DENIT A LL It KETs by the Carcass. NENVGATE AND LEA At per stone, s d. to s. d. Beef, inferior... ......... 3 0 3 4 Mutton, inferior ...... - middling „,., 3 6 3 8 middling - prime large - prime - prime small 4 0 4 2 Perk, large Veal s. d to s cl. 3 3 8 3 8 310 4 (1 4 4 36 4 4 48 8 2