The Sun. — London, England, 1823-10-16 00:00:00

THE LONDON JOURNALS. DA I IN EXit'llets from.'the illfirnifi g Papers, October 18. rmonxiN6 PeST.I Government, we are happy to state, has' re veiveti dispatches from Demerara, dated the 31st August, ',vhich 'confirm nil the expectayons 'etitertained of the pacification of that Colony.- - 04 the •first intimation received by Major-Gen. Murray, the Governor, on the 18th of. August, of a probability of insurrectionary movements on - the part of the Slaves in a particular district, he bastened to thy. spot, n'ccompanied by a - small de tuctlmpot o f mouo tffil militia, with the object, in the fir.it instance, of securing a principal ring• leader, which Was accomplished, The Goveraor having attempted, by personal expostulation with detached partiei of the revolted Negroes, to,de. ler them from their criminal enterprise, but with. :out success, he felt it necessary to proclaim • .Martial. Law, and to direct those military move. ' Ments against the insurgents on the 19thand 20th of. August, which, as our readers have been ap prised, were carried on with uninterrupted success. . On the 20th and 9.(2d the Governor issued the tWO Proclamations which we pu Wished yesterday, and on the Jlst of August, the period when the "dis patches were sent from the Colony, the revolted ,laves had all returned to their allegiance, stir , rendering their arms to the military authorities, 'ith the exception of on© hundred negroes, who remained unaccounted for. The professed -object of the Insurgents was " Unconditional Emancipation." The eXplanatioo disseminated `throughout the Colony that all measures of amelioration must entirely depend upon the good conduct of the slave population', had produced • `the most satisfactory impression. No accounts • have been recehed of any Whites having been 'murdered id cold blood, although many were • placed in the stoc)ts, and others treated ith personal intli;z,nity. The General Coort.martial cottiutres sitting in George Town, for the trial • of the leaders in these outrages, some of whom had been executed. The reports from Essequibo and the other parts of the Colony wore satis -:- :•tsctory, and• the militia - had -been called out to protect the tire firm.; which:were collected in ' , depots. N'Ve understand that it' is the intention -ot Government to send out immediately rein l'Orcetnents of troops to Demerara, forthwith. IMORNINO CIIRONICE,V.] The following trivi4t hnportant letter from one , of our countrymen in Cadiz will be read with tt melancholy- interest. It contains the may satis. z:ldliretory account which has yet reached this ..country of tlke state of things in that city nt the ~,, p eriod.orits surrender; and pourtrays in striking tolours' tho tirvaticut eKcelssos with which that event' ha:4 - bioni.follovell. The (e'er' entertained for the . t-t!,sitectitble part of the population by 4J.'...-'those who ii;A.f.rw it4qidith;tl With the - ferocity -of , ":he rablile,and the Spanish Priesis, were. it a ppetto., but- too tvell founded. •13'ut Sir Win. ' A 3 Cblitrt tri receive the rihand of Charles .111: • for sctvic, in the 'Cause of despatisrn ; and the beloved: Ferdinand, is sale Can , . `these • t'rillniphs i ptirClinsetl tit too high a price ? • t Alas; list -England, that her Government stwnld /4.4 - every 'whbre' eett• privately :otuppoirting the to tt ise. tit igncirance and' s.apertition, and basely 4 pondering idthe ,Despots of the' Holy' Alliance ! • 'll3lO -Wte w dig di ttiist our.Re,a4prs longer front , $!, , 111iiinferesting:-eonntinnication .• . • XZettick of -ss'4l.,etterlions an English Gentleman • long resident .dated Oct. 2, .1823. '111f; cottrusiou and diamay 'which reigned in Cad lit, tate rlbe tirritibltidaelit,'eXceeti deserip.- tpttil 'Orturietieeiltent,' ,Conititutien and teadstanen were on every pe rion'ttungue ; but when town,; t' the vffurtsOf the 'net prevent terror (ion' overpotier. tag' the hetirti of 'the litnnerous inhabitants;, who, • iirtifie4traek, 'so n , gl) ti rerttir,e.:Trorn 'the e.heir4's aik. itoliert .Wita - ottntle..tided .Lhe• • Cortad era and ad vitit`ced : anas that sideos.: Trnatfy bile countrymen, "joined With: • "the Coils' itutinniti, 'Montle; sof the Cortes, nml •!••••'l- enktritvit and yititdiolit . 'i in .ttid' most TAW. efforts to re-animate' the . peopie l . mid litt:tar , .tliii,r , minds some of their , iite t p arid fee tie •cli it rage r. T he• bray e r sutitiorie'd' 41Se:114'16e ittiel valbur' thefittigues and dangers of the day ;' but the troops hid suffered • twill cit . f rtt4ni ionjand ditty ;• large: sums of • money hall been dlitribitted among the rabble; sorne evoirof the '(ortei hod been "cor'rtipted ; • , others4a.iticipated in, the' 'general panic ; the the:molt- soletun assurance=s of inedia l .. torn, and was suffered to embark, ere the Madrid 'Vblu er ntes itticirined . ', : of the event; Other • wiart it would have been itnpossible. - I accomPa. • retinue here ; firiNlitjestY Was received • .On•theMote.by it"concouriie'or Fiencb,iiriesk, and, •- • populate. 'A- proe-essioo accompanied. the Royal #~'untity to titt‘i ' r entilfwet.lof soldiars, friar's,,oftices,y - rat,ble, armed with banners, • crosses., Vivgitts, paniardir, torcht.!s ;- Vras a r' t '44040 joy 'itiNliPit t o4tnke a utr.i s, aS they cried' • • 4 4 - V&A et 41; eg, viva la Religion, muera la. Ara. 'l'he -resti•eetable part of . Ilie,Freitichnilicers iniletved at ft distance, and ob.. 'serVed the scene with indifference and contempt. twit Slay the Royal Family, with their former 'ettendnitta, Went' to tlie 'Cathedral, Where in .hymns, , songs,,rprayere, Mirth and drunkenness, • 'the i'rOwd expt thpir pleasure at being e rn .- pOwe'red to gratify their revengettil spirits.. As f rom the Church, all the•dwellings of • thot , ,e - triarlced for Colistitulional principles 1)r;, tattle the , prep of ilteSe:bloori.tbirsty Faithful" . lionse - s . oftriany of our friends were ran • sac.! rd and ptllit ed, and every thing which can : "COntribute to 'freedont, -instruction, Or improve . 'tient : , instantly bernt'er-brtikon to piecei in the 44 ' grunts " and rejoicings ; solne ~- even-Of.' tht higher class and Priests encouraged tr►'the 'continisslon of these- tleeds,'Velaustegui, Orlando. and Padre cainanio being the niOst, active. 64 The PlifigrOSOnS in c rease 'hourly---of fiat) ' Volunteers belongin; to this city, 428 I aireatly fled to the Mottntaini'of Nieb and Ronda, to escape this ignominious death which awaits many of their comrades, who have been imprisoned, and are to be tried by a military tri bunal as Constitutionals. At Xeres, San Lucar, Port Royal, and All the neighbouring villages, these violent measures have spread consternation, and hundreds of the best families have abandoned their homes, taken refuge in the mountains, and become wanderers, and almost robbers, to sup. port their existence. The effervescence among the loner class of people is intense ; authorised to satiate their pitssions, they hunt ,alt those who are compromised as blood-hounds on the scent, and. assassinate them when disco vered...-.L- The state of the country is dread ful ; it surpasses all description in anarchy, con fusion, and bloodshed. The French do little to prevent these cruelties, but should they de part, universal depopulation and desolation must ensue. The French,we understand, have already sent fast-sailing vessels to Toneriffe, cuba, and South America, to summon them to surrender to the Allied arms, and to return to unlimited obe dience to King Ferdinand. What influence these emissaries may have is not known, but I lear►t from good authority that the United States have anticipated them in their views at the llavannah, and that it is believed .England will not allow them to revolutioniie the Western World.. " General Downie, Colonel Browne, and many other Officers confined with him, have waited upon his Majesty and the Duke, and have expe rienced the most flattering reception, The Ge net'al has been promoted to the runk of Lieut.- General as a reward for his services and suffer :ngs,- and the others have been attended to in proportion. Sir Wm. A'Court is expected, and I hear will receive the ribband,of Charles I [ll. for'his influence in bringine, about the restoration —his friends 'pr'aise the diploma*, art s he has evinced here and at Naples, in whiclt,i;they find great affinity.. " 1 fear for the lives of the brave'.Touths of the Madrid Militia, sons of the first families in the kingdom; they had abandoned all to save their country ; health, wealth, honours, luxury, and pleasure had no charms for them without Li berty—she is gone, is lost for ever ; and these young heroes will be sacrificed to the demons of revenge by fanatics on the scaffolds of des potism." . _ [ N f:NV Vti Es.] The consternation caused by the King of Spain's Decree continued the whole of yester• day. The day before there were many people who wished to doubt its authenticity. We for our part could give no positive assurance that it was genuine ; hut we, distinctly said, we believed it would turn out to be so ; and the event has so ftir corroborated our opinion, that we see the De cree published in the Jou'rnal des Minds and the unofbcial part of the Muniteur. In Paris the alarm among the Spanish Bondholders was greater evert than in London ; the old Bonds tell thuro from 44 to 33. The {tenter; had not expt— ritired so material a decline, the last price being 00 45 With tic in like manner the Orock was ahnost Wintry confined to the Bonds. Consols closed at 831; but the Spanish Bonds of 1821, after having been- at 284, closed at 3Of ; 'those of the prestiheyerir had been at 22, but their lust price was 24: most of the other Securities were slightly depressed: The holders of Sparkish Bonds have a lingering hope of their ultimate recognition. We have stated .what we think the justice. of, , the case °; but the Bond holders must remember that they have , no claim whatever on the support of Government. If they can make their own terms, it Is well and good ; if not, they have no other prospect. [ltoltYt N'O ERA.T.D.I • Iri a IN/Liming contemporary of yesterday, we observed the, following paragraph, .put forth ane . of Orticles , ' " the lianiebliectOrs have' adopted a resolution which is likely to he of essential service to ;the agricultural 'and landed .interesni—we mean,that of lending en , mortgages. Acme very congiderable lauded proprietors haveln consequence been enabled to reduce Materially the 'rate of interest they ,had previously Wen acenstouredlo pay on that'speelestof security: We have been abil exactly • to ascertain thetratenf Interest actually charged by the Milk,. which, however. -wehave reason to be_ Bete' rinetn be a fixed'eate,, but prObably varying in a certain degree , with tho estimation of the -borrowers credit and re. .sourceo. probable that the Directors, as this is a mode of employing'Mosey by the Oink which is wholly, npw, will limit itellrA within certain bounds the capital devoted to that use." Our contemperart congratulates the, country. generally, and the , anded lute:est in particular, .on the rdlief likely!to , he'derived from this new rneasAtre oft the part' of the 'Bank Directors. So Jaras the :measure will enable landlordS to 'get rid, in less time thait they otherwise could do, of the mortgages they have already effected . at the rate of five per cent., by - borrowing money at .three or four percent. on their estates, we concur in opinion' with our contecoporary,and no further; because we .think,. that if a man has beeti silly enotigh to mortgage his land at a high rate of in terest, the sooner "he gets rid of that mort..l gage the better." tie Who 'mortgages his estate is generally a very extravagant or a very ava ricious,, , man. The extravagant man regularly spends 'mere than the income :arising from his land arnounts. to ; and in the long run he is obliged to mortgage. Out the avaricious man,. when he tinds.,that land is rising in value, as it hay generally been for tine last thirty yeurs, in the hope _of, improving ids fortune, mertgage one estate, in order to purchase another with the 'meanies St) . raised, and whiCh he wOulti raise at any rate of interest order:to'effect his 'object.— This practice has been carried on to a great ex.. tent tiering the list thirty years; and to this spirit of speettlation, seising from avarice, may be at tributed a great_den I of the agricultural distress which has in tely afflicted proprietors of land, tvhen land, Hite nit other t hinge, took a turn, and regularly _fell in value as it bad risen before,,..,,The principle, however, of a corporate body lie the Bank of Eugland, which possesses an uncontrolled coinage of circulating medium, ving iii itself the power to put forth such me. diutnfor the purpose of lending money at all ,by Way o(mortgage, either on lands, houses, or any thing of u, tangible nature, is most unwarrantable and dangerous., The . assumption of such a power mightev_entually produce one of the most dread ful aristocratic tyrannies that the world ever witnessed. We all know how extremely innpro. vident, human nature is in general. Those who !iv° in a state of prosperity—and especially those who have been bred and born in it, are generally very improvident, foolish, and extravagant. [Tut Trues.] Our journal of to-day presents more particu lars, and some possessing considerable interest, of the effairs of Spain, since the liberation or cap ture (we know not which to call it) of the King. They are the scraps after the feast. One spark of spirit appears to have shown itself after the departure of the King : the militia in the town of Cadiz are said to have ordered the gates to be shat, and to have refused admission to the French ; when Ferdinand himself ordered them to submit, and to receive the French garrison. By what authority could Ferdinand do this? or what right had the French to accept such a boon? They professed that they came only to liberate Ferdi nand ; they had liberated him : he was with them. Upon what plea, then, could they afterwards take military possession of the chief city of his dominions, where all was tranquil and no one 110(1 opposed the departure of the King ? And if his Majesty possesses his kingdom, as he asserts, jure divino,surely.nothing short of a revelation from the original donor could entitle him to alienate a part. It was on the sd . inst. that the French troops-entered Cadiz, and the fleet soon after,— Orders have been given to disarm the, militia of Madrid and Sevil:e : we are glad of this, for the measure indicates distrust on,the partof those who have adopted it: and when men have hearts, they are not long in finding arms. These militiamen are said to be now hardly able to lift up their eyes, and to he ready to die with shame : so they well may, but we believe more for their leaders than themselves. However, they are still not without the. means of wiping away their shame—opportu nities will soon occur. Mina still resisted, when the last lIPWS came away. He is Said . to have threatened the severest retaliation if Biego (who had been condemned' to death) should suffer. Upon Mine, therefore, all eyes are at present turned. , 'Accustomed as we are to rely upon the, unbending firmness : of this gallant Chief, we , now althost fear that his resolution may give way. Couriers have been dispatched ,by the King to all the Spanish corps Warmer), , ordering them to lei down their arms. The dis obedience of Mina would, therefore, from hence forth assume . a :more fearful appearance than heretofore, when the wishes 'of the King could only be surmised ; yet if .a portion of the Duke of Aegoulerrie's army is ,to be left behind to oc cupy. Cadiz, and the rest have to guard Verdi- nand's person, we do net see that there are many 'disposable troops to strengthen the forces before Barcelona, or that Mina's enetniek are much more qualified to • force him to sub *m isSion than before the capture of the King. If he surrenders, therefore, we sluffl ake it for granted that it is only because he has . defended and that furth er resiste the place to the utmost, stuns was impracticable. We hope, et all events, he will preserve himself far better dines : such men re 'sratee. With Ferdinand it appears . that t h e liryui,ition is to be restored. it is of Divine right too, no doubt !—We are assured that after the news of the King of Spain's surrender to the French had reached Paris, M. Rote, ,Chief Se• cretary of the French Embassy at Lisbon, arrived with the preposterous • offer of the Pertuguese fleet and army to aid Abase of Francein the re duction of the Peninsula. •This would be the mustard after the beef, if we m a y tepose •t on fi l dente in the representations of the French them ! . selves as to the happy termination of 'their illustrions enterprize. Mr. 'tote brought also the Riband of the 'Order of Christ to M. de Chateauhriand. Saez, who is appointed Ferdi-,, nand's Prime Minister, and who signed the* Pro. clamation now likely to obtain' so much Celebrity, is a Canton of the Cathedral of Toledo. He was, and is still, the King's Confessor. [narrisn mess.] Moderation end forbearance are not virtues to he looked for in n bigot, Ferdinand will exhibit just as much of both as he may be constrained to do by necessity ; hilt he is after all a mere puppet in other hands, and whether he will exercise his recovered power with temperance, or tvliether the dungeons of death shall groan with his iictimslis not a question for his decision : itis tatik is theLof bare submission to the will of his keepers, and this he will perform with alacrity, pct It what it may. Nothing can be more contemptible, in everrlight in which It can be viewed, than the language of the " Decree " put forth upon his , liberation :—" All the Acts," says Article 1. "of the Onvernment called Constitutional " (of whatever kind and description they may " be), a ' system wide!' oppressed my people, " from the 7th of March, 1820, until the Ist of 44 October, 1823, are deelated null and void, ,c declaring, as I now declare, that, during the ct w h o l e of that p er i o d; I have been deprived of dc my lib er t y , o bli ge d to sanction ItYws and au. " thorize orders, decrees, and regulations, which " the said Government framed and executed " against my will." The body - of the decrees it self is tqamped with every character of false hood, ,‘ M y su bj ects ,” my `.4pnin's mighty lord—this adorable Ferdinand—. "My sub jects, accustomed to live under wise and " moderate laws, and such as were conformable to " their manners and customs, and which, duri t n h g e cc so many ages, c o nstituted the welfare of their cc ccoafrictoimtzs,dsiosiutio,pgraovbenroboliacnadndcounutievtp /n i r s at proofs f " new Constitutional system. All classes of the 44 State experienced the mischief caused by the 4ui 4 n e w instil o ti ons .” rfruly th el i e s ysate w s : n d i s tede a vteer m ib d te. t l o e f tit a e g d n s . t a lite K o l f lig t i l , ; ( l: m ig: fore kno wn i n th e ',wore of the world, that the . l ac 'leder ,e and moderate la w s , o ae cyst r w oit sub mitted, stit for thr ee l ong y ears , ag ainst their own will and the will o f th e i r Sovereign, band.! system, the m ischiefs of which th e y felt, and th e p r i nc ipl es o f which they regarded with t : disapprobati on an d contempt.? What miracooo influence produc e d this long acquiescence ? Was there ever an i ns t an ce before o s f. as rd fro a nat ion beit spell-bound in this way ? 64 The general Voice," he proceeds t o declare, " N all sides against thu tyfPunical Constitution." Blt A Z L. The revbintionary state of Brazil, and the sings. lac nature of its relations with Portugal, though subjects of great political and commercial importance, have as yet engaged but a small portion of•tho public attention in this country. The pars. mount interest excited by the contest in the Peninsula, and the slow and irregular manner In which the intelligence frbm every part of South America is obtained, may account for the indiffer ence hitherto shown to the fate of the fertile regions of the Rio, Plata and the Amazons. It *ill not, therefbre, be a useless la. bour to recapitulate the principal occurrences in the histery of Brazil, for some year* past. Such a sum Mary, will - afford to Bur readers a comprehensive view of a succession of extraordinary events, some of which hive, perhaps, been overlook, and others forgotten. Those events are recent, and may all be referred for their origin in the first ghee to the removal of the Court of f,is.. bon to Rio de Janeiro, and in the next to the influence of the changes produced in Europe by the downfall of Buonaparte's Government. In consequence of the invasion of the French, the late Queen of Portugal embarked with her Court for Brazil on the 28th of November, 1807, and landed in that country on the 23d' of January, 1808. Portugal appeared to be. for ever .lost to the House of Bragauza. The wish to consolidate its power, and to render solid the foundations of a sovereignty in the new world, was therefore. very neutral. Accordingly, the' statesmen who accompanied the Court proceeded to give a new organization to the country in which . they had found, an asylum. The distant provinces, which had gradually withdrawn themselves froni the authority of the Viceroy, were taught to recognize a central Government. The Court of Appeal at Rio de :Janeiro Was made a Court of Revision. Supreme Tribunals of atistice, of Police, and of Administration, • were instituted in the same form and with the same powers as they had existed at Lisbon. Brazil was no longer a colony, and the colonial system by which that . country had hitherto been - governed was completely set - aside. The ports were 'opened to all 'nations, and in 1810 particular treaty of commerce was concluded with England.'_. The attention of the Government continued to l directed'to* internal arrangements, and no disposition_ to. return to ; Europe .. was manifested, notwithstanding that the French were driven from the Peniniula, and Ferdinand was restored, to thetlnone . of Spain. In 1816, Brazil was declared A kingdolll-111; circumstance which the inhabitants regarded as an '.assurance of indepen • • • • the country in a state of colonial subjugation to Portugal.-- ain'beinade to place indepen dence--a pledge that no attempt would ag nature to invite the return of the House of . 11regatiza. The • From this time forward the state of the Peninsula wae not of a abortive insurrections of Porlier, Lacy, and Mina, 'kept Spain in a stnte.of agitation; an d Abe Portuguese,Portuguese, though they had n like their neighbours, &specific • , .constitution to 'refer to, Accordingly, Portu galafter "tne w showed a3 strong n t.sio s w ytn i r f o 9 mLo il f i o d t i h s c e o , e n n t leof sspain,_ On the 24th of August. of, that year the gartispn,of- OpoTto dc. Constitution of 1012 was restored, by thelosorrection of 1820. dict the seine, and the Cortes'a ver e convo k e d fb r t h e 26 t h' o f dared itself for a Constitutional systeth, the troops in Lisbon Ja ;wary, 1821. The newt' of.the revolution in Portugal 'soon, reached Brazil. The,. Prince Regent, who had now becoMe King, under the , title pf John VI., woe currodnded - by Porte-. ti men had adopted,.and the p rev i ous i n surrect i on i n P ernatnbuc goose troops, all fav ou rabl e , to t h e system which their country. intileated a strong democratic ,feeling.. in the ,country. Itt this situation lie yielded with a good grace. .If'his.hintiments were .disguised, he did not, like, his brother kexdinand of Spain, wet in such a manner est° destroy all confideeee He was tar from insisting on the monarchical,lnincipal of' giv. ing what institutions. he pleased to his .peoplg..Un the contrary, he recognized the Constitution, whateVeril }night, be, which pas to be fremed for Porn:gal. ' tie did not think it necessary to kqow it in order to approve it,. andswornto it by anticipation on the 26th February, befOre the news of the instillation of the Cones had reached Ilraetl. - . ~ •-- • When the Cortes assembled they joeited the. King to return to Lisbon. /lie Mitjesty slew in making preparations to leave Rio de Janeiro.; Winn the 220 of April appointed soniDottPedro Regent OeßrAull e ttelegkting teehim all the Legal prerogativeseincluthinerlgh tor %MlT:net noirperteei On the 28th of"the same mont te.liailed' tor X.trope e . On the 92th of 111tircihr e 1, the Pdttuguest - deter publish ed the basis of the !inner nonstitution. tagerwete tilePar guese in Brazil to manifest their .attaphrnent to tbe.,c4pstilu.i. lion,' that they insisted tiptin swotting fi delity 'befere A copy of Me basin' had been seen irt - thuit' putt 'Of Attetige.'ol' the 4th' of June the Portuguese, assembled for "the - ptintiose of' voluntarily taking an oath the const i tution explained 'thebases. The taking the traops, end:stated p' he Wo u ld not take the oath Without toriefiltin the opihiori of die Brazilian people. Iltraenordingly c,onloked the eleetoti,i an 4. on their recemmendation took theopth. 4f. the , nine' time a Junta-was for Med to assist him in the details o the adrdinia tration. 'The ?theft- tad Inisumed - the " thovetnrant lodes many unfavourable eircurronstice,s, • the country was not'ohly agitated by the diSeussion of • its Roliaieni. intereete e but its tinancea•were deranged.. 'The funde of the Benk were dilapi: dated, and the vrovincescontriboted nothing td*the'publie trea sury. Th e R egent w i s h e d to ren d er hi mself popular, Ile reduced his ei penditure . to the aunt allowed the Princess for, pin-ttiOney, and:lived in It Quinto in the country with the great eia economy: • ' • ' " • By this time two parties had, distinctly, shownthenaselves in Brazil, but that for' reform and political improvement was much more numerous than the other` Which - adhered Co the an cient institutions. , The popular party was not' altogether with: out distrust of the Prince, but his activipy and ItCenflltuOdat-, ing dispoiiiion rende l id• him a farOutite'witit 'the Multitude, and the imprudent conduct of the- Cortes' of Lisbent in: duced the friends of independence to avail thOnselves of his. presence anti to put him forward p as the,heid pf the; system.' The Gorses ' wished 'to • strengthen ' brtuggl by uniting till the parts of the Portuguese,. dominions under the constitutional system ; all the provinces being represented i n the Ongress, Brazil was reg ar d e d as too extensive for one province:and it was thereldre thought lit to divide it into several. This' scheme spread. agitation through-Brazil: It". appeared to' the people that the object of the Lisbon GoVernment in splitting On coun try into separate diViSiens Waite ensure the motos of oyermling it. This appeared a nets attempt ' reetilOnizethan-, 'Which of things the Brezilinne Most dreaded. They to lee . united with Portugal, but as an integral and equal tnetuber of The monarchy. The Prince declared for thil . view of the quest tion, andehereby won More and more The affection of the pro pie. lie scion saw, or wait taught to see, that Whenever dis cussions arose between Brazil and Portugal, it wait neoefsary for him 'to take piirt with theformer,ln order to preserve if pas lible•its 'union with the latter: ' • - • •-- On the 29th of September the cones o f Lisbon., passed' the offerieiVe decrees for dividing Brazil into provincial G overn. merits, suppres s i n g the reinter tribinials, 'find recalling the Prince to Europe. - Th ese s proceedings w ere tot known in Brazil until The month of December; but in the interval the, jealousy *Mai preveiled tespecting the int e n t i ons o f t h e oo vernment of Portugal W as the cause of mlich fermentition, and on the lOtir of October a commotion took 'place at Rio de Janeiro. Proclamations, proposing to declare the . Prince Em , perm', wore nosier, Up. ' This measureoOhich in thertelttel was paTrtita adopted, wa s a t t hi s per i od premature ; and the enterprise had partisans of the 'Cart e l a rr i ved at ' R io on the 10th of Dec. no other reitdt. than the . arrest o f .a few of the most ae rie s • and orders were issu e d f or t h e formation of the Junta appointtel Ito govern the country on the recall of the Prince, who n ow began to make preparations far his departure. Nothing could exceed the eXa9eruthnt vihiett MeitiPres of the Circa now s ...were too 'produced: The Brazilian troop% fully particpated in th e feel zngs of their countrymen; and the Port uguese.trool.s few to hope for ultim a t e success in any 4nel-hot to enforce the Senate, stat e d t h at the ahip which should remove decrees. A eemonarrane e , a dd re ssed'bythe people Rio to mope would cause the independent Brazilian t tl b ie e 'A p l ri u n n c i e cip to ttl E flag to wave At the mouth Of the Tegus. In fact; the party for total separation from Portugal, Which is far from being incon siderable, would have eagerly .sized such an occasion for pro yoking a declaration for repoblicanr-tovernment.. Threat:nit) tepresentationi werehlse made by the 'Pi - evinces . of St. Mina% flio 4 artthtl.er, anti' Rio de Janeiro. - The Prince resolved to remain ; - end hie detetmination stay notified to Ale Assembly oe the 9th of January, 1822, amidst extraordinary demonstrations of joy, On the Ilth o f J anuary trey assembled ender - These proceedin gt were f i erfrom being pleasing to th e P ortu . guese trope: arms, and manifested a determination to resist the orders of the Prince. The Brazilians were not slow in assuming an equally threatening aspect, and the inhabitants arrneeketliemselves to support their army. • Though greatly superior indiscipline, the , Portuguese were infinitely inferior in..nuMberse to their oppn nenes.. They soon agreed to a capitulation, in. virtue of - which they were removed to Praja-Grande, on the aide of the bay op posite to the.city of Rio de Janeiro. - Here they -recoveret? a little. from their dismay, .and declared they., would ; remain in their poeitioil until the reinforceMents expected from Portugal should Arrive. The Brazilians insisted tip6n their sailing for Burope;and.diaplayedveat activity in tbemeasures. they took to ceropel them, to ,atlept Allis course.. The -Portuguese soon fleind theirriselV6i eiinipletety blockaded by hind and sea, and timely embarked on.tlie 14th of February. • Net long after, the Pte;uguese fleet with the reinforcementeeeppeereel on the coast, but the troops were not permitted to hind.. When the 'news of theee events - reached Liebon;' the Cortes ~ thought limper to relax in some measure their pretensions. They suspended the decree for the recall of the. Prince, and Pro' posed to establish in Brazil two delegationiaThe Executive Power. This, however, wax far. romebelogriatiefactore. To difde the country into two parts, separateleeedminjeterelunder ,• the - directien of the Poetuguese Ministry, appeared a scheme well calcidated to secure the preponderance -of the Lisbon Go- vertu - met.. The Brazilians. persisted. in thein claim to one. ' to itial ale overuineht for the who of the provinces. On the 13th of May, .1822., the Prince was proclaimed per. petuar defender of Beam}, and Procurithires' Gene chosen by • the afferent provinces, formed afterw.attle-hie•Outne l / 2 1 of State. The Procuradores on their first meeting ,declared.their inceM petence to legislate, - and 'concurred with the - prii!cipal local au- ' thorities in recotomiqiling The convocation (We. oneictituent and , legislative body. .4 decree of the Prince, d a t e d J une ,3d, car ried thie suggestion into effect. 'rile licitly fornied cif the Pro vincial.Deputia was called an Assembly, that Word, though of Preach origin, being preferred to the term,. Cortes e w hi c h h a d now become unpopular. It is astonishing tliet,,elia Govern ' Meet of Lisbon did - not how see, that any farther attempt to exercise an authority contrary to the will of the people of Brazil was futileand absurd.. On the .contrary., thecoetee, spoke in a style of cohimand which formed a singular'COnerast with their real Want of authority. On the 19th of 'September, they passed a decree, declaring the convocation of the,Conetiteent Assembly iinli, the Government of Rio'de Janeirdillegid, and recalling the Prince Regent: within the period of four montlel, tintlerpain of forfeiting his title to the throne. What lees, been the result ? In about nine months the Cortes which p4,,, , ,e(1 his decree were dissolved, in'eonscqueece of a military insurrection instigated by French intrigue; but the Prince retrains in.l.lrezil; of which he hes been declared Emperor, and the, constituent.. Assembly has, ecrentling to recent accounts, cOrinneneed' its sittings.— Bahia, occupied by Portu gue s e t r oope , . B e lli out foratonsider able time against the Government of ,Rio de Janeiro, but, re- ' duced to the last extremity, Gen. Madeira was glad, to escape • with his troops, and has been pursued by the Brazilian squadron .underfleord'Cochpene to the shores of Peireug a l.. This narrative cennot be unacceptable to those whe.fe,elan in- ; i terest en the fate of Brazil. The consideration' of t he p a st may ' `lie a-irsip in forming a right judgment of the future: It sp. , t Rears teat the obeecte which the Brazilians have,all along It 'Batt iri view, _ are polizical independence and civil liber t y.— ' Will their 'European adversary Cease to -opprise these ob- I je.ete! If couetitotional Portugal, : wareitinnieal to the ernanci- 1 pation of an ancient colony, is Portugal, becenie the.tool of the ; HatyAllianee,likety to she w more rayon r to dieprin ci ples of free dom ?.. We already know that-the counter-revolution has ex cited great alarm at Rio de Janeiro, wheeetheeeepedarity-of tbe Ernpe.tor is 'already on the w a n e . Il e hie et lastpreved hint. 1 1 • 'self a champion of th e Monarchical prinelie - bY dunning a veto on the. oceedings of the Constituent, Asaetribly. . There iii reason to apprehend that Don Pedro irewillinge . teeelly himself l&thedespols of Europe ; but he stands in a critical situation, and is more likely to experience it fail similer.toethe Mexican Emperor Iturbide than .to succeed in establitthing_ arbitrary poWer.' Daring-die existence of the Cortes at . Ltsben, the Bra zilian state papers called them anarchists, and reproached them with holding the King in, captivity, while the Portuguese pepers . ditl not fail to charge their accusers. witle.letviliaru. It would be'perlitips `difficult to prove that John - yr; Was mow ' under coniroul at Li s b on than Dorm ate .14.1.oeelit Janeiro. , bunt is probable th a t w e s h a ll soon find that *the parties have ? changed their language, thotigh the wish :'of Brazil to be 1 independent, and o f P ortuga l to govern it, will retrain IT" . changed; for „these opposite wishes are the result fit• opposite intereAttn • • ." • - ~ Brazil posse sex the great advantage of a vast' eactrithint of na tional property, In a work lately published,et ,Peris e under th e title-lot' " DeTtesilfre de` liratit ' contid er e • kiiii Its Rapporis Politiques 4 coninirrpx," it is said— " Broil! possess e s a s sufficiency of uncultivated land to sup. part at leNst.lOO;QPO,4OO. of iohabitants—that As - to«elay twenty times more than its present population. These lands.peed only antlers, with, hich the-increase of the popuistion , will gradually ' supply them.. U nt il t h e whole be disposed of, the grants will '1 *duct n'etinStant-annual revenue to the State; and when they :hap lee all sold, the finances of the Sta . te s , will no . longer require 'elxtraordinary resources." , ,Tfte,same writer makes the followiegobaervationte-- We ere inured that one of the objects which will occupy ithe attention of the COnstituetit eteisamblysisthe OXini.; of the seat of the Govemnient: This question is h owever of less im portance to Brasil than to the United States, Where it is neces sary that the seat of the freneral - Government should net be situ- sted within. the juritulicuon of any of theStatee....; /Lee* • • .--11esitles, 'Brazil, with from a thousentl . to twelve hondred :leagues' of coest,. and the. navigation :of the rtnitnif and the Rio de la Plata, with its positien, at the most .contracttd point of the. Atlantic' canal, and 'with Vhe firthelies which it may establish, muse nee,e3Aari*, beeonie,a great . maritime'=. POWer: I` e ConuilimicatiOns of the enPital With the pravinces will for a tOng tinte be more euily.nuide.beeeetetltan. by iiii of sixteen provinces thirteen are wished by the oCeetn. ' This. l e situation renders • it, nitnoSt.indisperatablei ? t 1,3 at ~ the capital of il Brazil should,.like those of .Portugal, Naples, Denmark, Sire. . ti d O bi ci ed ! Ul iE 0 L 1) ::::„: „ I f: il f1 Br a zil nowo ltti ; s l i tl a osa i r ose s4 b eg e tns b a ath i t , e w e 7 ful eT d r i v i . i ieu t i i i rie c t t . I! i i. i f f te t s t h h o : t e il c, 1: e :i f : " 't i c: 4 : e, e Anwrt,i ports will t on ,e za i l :li i . front the Centre of the population; the cheice unite therefore ii he between Bahia and Rin,de Jantina, tad theAriglibanrhoed 'of the temperate zone gives a great advantage to the latter of i ,these cities. These reflecti ons are, howeier, aluigether‘finind s ed . on the present state of the population.of Bevil. When the blinks of the Am i tzon, and of mere which flow into- it, are once peopled,. it would then be proper to move tiles capital in that adirection, tinleas by that time internal eotihithhicationa should join, the navigation of the Toesntio anti the ,Perahyba. - gilt alithe labours which the Braiilituf Deputies will hard to. undertake, those connected with pe.ional rights still be found et:once the most difficult and important. Two-seventlis of the population 'are slattes; and though , the eVir ntay beless than in ,some other countries, it is still sufficiently alarming. Slavery degrades the' blacks, and unfortunately also degrades the whites. It renders the. Later haughty, brutal, aud.indolent. Ralf of the riegro's labour is lo s t, f or rte as little as lie possibly . can; and the whole of the white man's labour is 'lost,.bectiwie he would Consider himself a Slave if he submitted to work for others."--( Timm j . BIRTHS. • On Sunday last, at Swaffham, Norfolk, The Lady' of NI L ". 0. ,Locke, Esq. M.U. of a daughter. , On Sunday last, the Lady of J. Jetldere Pisher, Esq., of a daughter. On Saturday, the filth inst., at ilinton-court, near Hereford, the Lady of Richard Jones Powell, Esq., of* son. AIARRIED, On the-13th ibst., fa eading, by - the Rev. Di. Wbe, the Rev. Philip /Ince!, Rector of St. lirelade's, and Lecturer or 'St. Aubiws, Jt tsr_ to Catherine El4abeth fourth daughter;' and the Rev.. Peter FronP, .of Reading. to Pcne ;ope Arabella, younge,t,t daughter. Qt' Dr. Valpy t of Beading. On the 6th inst. al. Paris at the 13ritialt Ambassador's, by the Rev. EdWard Forster, Wm. 3loore, only son of itobert Patten;Esq:,of Westport, Irel a nd, to :Charlotte, eldest daughter of Mr Or Stewart. On the Illth of January, last, at Path' at Walcot Church, Jiihn Samuel Esq., late of the Ild'regiment of Ben gal CrNalry, to Ilarribt, second daughter of Captain Dyer, of the Royal Navy, and niece to the late Sir Jahn.,Dyer, Bart. On Monday, the 13th inst., at Scampton, near Lincoln, Thomas Waterhottae Xave, Esq., of the Middle Temple/ London, barrister at law, to .'flury Ann, fourth daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Illingworo., of the former DIED: On Friday, the 10th inst. at Her-ford, aged 70, John Webbe Weston, Esq., of Sutton-place, in; Surrey, and of Sarnesfield cool, in lierefordsi t On the Itith of May, at Bombay, Captain J. F. J;onKlands, third son o f t h e late Thomas Longlands, Esq., of Omit q ueth " stzeet, 'Westminster. Chi the Irtth inst., Sarah, the lamented wife of P e te H°f. man. P.N., of Newingtott -place, Kennington. On Monday, the tith inst., at his house, in the Albany, Pte. CJ ill_y. Pr. John Noble Johnson,.3l,l). On the 14th inst., at 11reat Uettries, near Ilford, Essex, in iilic Wit year, James Jortm, Emt. ' Printed anti PubiLsiled for Pawn - Lira-0m at th W" OrFICX, 112 ; Strand, by J. 11. CAROTAIRS. I