The Sun. — London, England, 1812-10-31 00:00:00

be articles which the cultivate are rice, cassada, yams, and plantanes. The,land seems to forrit a.common stock, and not to descend by inheritance. Each man settles, or rather cultivates, where be pleaseo. Agricul tural labour is conducted chiefly *by women, though sometimes by domestic slaves. The commerce of the ICroomen is carried on entirely by barter, as they, have no fixed medium .of exchange.. The artieies which are in greatest dee mand amongthem are tobacco, cotton cloth of East India fabric, • a few English shawls and handler " chiefs, leather trunks, fire-itima, bar-iron, which they man ufacture th emselves into implements of husbandry, knives, &C.; and cowries, which are used . in making:their: fetishes or amulets. In te rns, for these - articles, they sell a little ivory, palm-oil, Malaguettapepper,. and ricer,. and occa sionally supply ships with fire-Wood, plantanes, cassada, and even with. bullocks. They will some times row off in very-small canoes to ships at a distance Of fotir leagues from the shore, With not more of these articles than will procure for - them a few leaves of tobacco, .reekoning. their toil and hazard as nothing. Their chief article of barter; however, is their labour; which they hire to -,Eu ropeana in the way which has been already de scribed.- This is the source from which they de rive by far the greater part of their imported com modities. They have long been the exclusive in termediate merchants, or rather factors, between tween the vessels trading on this part of the coast and the people of the interior; and while the Slave Trade flourished, this employment occupied. a - considerable number of bands. Since the abo lition of that trade they have sought other, lines of service, and, in the year 1809, as has been al ready mentioned, the number of those who bad hired themselVes as labourers at Siorra Leone alone, a place distant about 350 miles from their own country, was estimated at 800. The form if their government is monarchical ; but. it appears that the old men (the Aristocracy) of the country possess considerable influence, and that the power of the monarch is small, except When it is supported by their influence. Each town has a chief, whom they designate King, at least in conversing - with Europeans ; but there is one chief whois considered as superior to the rest, and who rules over the whole. The power, how ever, of the inferior chiefs seems to be very great is their own districtS, and their power is probably . hereditary. At the same time the children 'of the . greatest chief work as labourers, while they arc young men, in exactly the same manner as the, people ; nor are they to be, distinguished, on or dinary occasions, either by their dress, or hY.the superior respect which is paid to them. With respect to the principal nionarcb, I ap ;irehend that his power is seldom brought into action ; and that instead of being the source of all authority, the fountain of justice, the original proprietor and ultimate heir of all lands, he is in general not more than the last referee 'in im portant disputes, and the person in whose name business with other countries is transacted. A national war indeed must, in conformity with this last principle, be carried on in his name ; and hacked by this, the real agents compel the ser vice's of ail the people 3 but independently of the coningcurr voice of those head men, who possess the greatest share of activity and talent, his power is probably far leSs than that of some of his own. subordinate chiefs. This is a remark which ap plies not to the Kroo country in particular, but to all the African tribes which have not adopted the Mohammedan faith. _ I could not learn distinctly in what manner the chief authority was conveyed, whether by inheri tance or otherwise. I have reason to believe that a sort of prime minister, or vice-king, is named by the king, who, in case of the king's, death, will possess the sovereign power ; but whether as a mere locum tenons on account of the youth of the regular successor, or whether, being in posse3sion of the chief power, be will continue to hold it till his own death, or whether he has been chosen as being the next heir in lineal succession, and there fore will succeed as a matter of course, I could not learn. A mourning, or cry, of seven days conti nuance, takes place on the death of a king, during which time it appears that all arrangements re specting. the succession are made. (To be continued.j list Al 1,•7... ARRIVED-1 Dllblir% Du u=--1 Cadiz, i Lisbon, 3 Guersey, Jersey, 2 Gottcnbnrgi, 2 Waterford. PRICE OF STOCKS MIS DAY AT TWELVE O'CLOCK. Consols 5811 I Red. Ann. 5111 I Onnium 4i THE SUN. 501,,7: , 1 Ql'ls DICERL: l'A AttDEAT ? L 0 ND 0 N, ' BATLIRDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1812. We this morning received French Papers to the 2h instant, from which we have extracted the `23cl Bulletin : we have not room to offer any com- nients upon it. TWENTY-TKIRD BULLETIN OF THE GRAND ARMY. Moscow, October 9. PARIS, OCT. 27.—The advanced guard, corn- manded by the King of NAPLES, is upon the Naia, Icagues from Moscow. The enemy's army is upon the Kalouga. Some skirmishes have taken place for the last three days. Pie King of NAPLES has had all the advantage, and always dniven the enemy from their positions. The Cossacks hover upou our flanks. A patrole oflso dragaons of the guard, Ommanded by Ma- ;Or MARTHOD, has fallen into an ambuscade of the Cossacks, between the road of Moscow and lialouga: The dragoons sabred 300 of them, and opened tbentsebrel a passage ; but they left 50 men upon the field of battle, who were taken ; among which is the Major dangerously wounded. The Duke of E.T.4IIING2N is . at Bohorodock.— The advanced guard of the Viceroy is at Troitsa, • upon the road to Dmitrosv. The colours taken by the Russians from the Turks in different wars, and several curious things found in the Kremlin, have been sent off for. Paris. 'We found a lladona enriched with diamonds.— has also been sent toParis. We add here a statistical account of Moscow; which was foUnd among the papers of the palace. le appears that RAsTorcHIN has emigrated. At Voronovo he set fire to his castle, and left the following < writing attached to a - post " I have for eight Years embellished this coun try-house, and I have lived happy in it in the bo som of my family. The Inhabitants of this hopd. state, to tue number of 1720 ) quit it at your ap proach*, and I set fire to my house that it may not be polluted by your presence. Frenchmen; I have abandoned to you my two Mosccw houses, with furniture worth half a million of rubles; here you will only find ashes.t (Signed) " Count FIDOR RASTOPCHIN." 0 They have returned. -t In truth, he set fire to his country house, but.-this exam. pie has but few imitators. All the houses in the neighbour hood of Moscow are intrenched. VORONOVA, SEPT. 29.—The Palace of Princq KURAKI.N iS one of those which have been saved from the fire. General Count NAUSOUTY is lodged in it. ;We succeeded with great difficulty in with-- drawing from the hospitals and houses on fire a part of the Russian sick. There remain about 4000 of these wtctehed men. The number of those who perished in the fire is extremely great. We have had, for the last eight days, a warmer sun than is experienced at Paris at this season.-- We do not perceive that we are in the North. The Duke of REGGIO, who was at Wilna, has entirely recovered. The enemy's General-in-Chief, BAonATIow, is dead of the wound which he received at the battle. of Aloskwaf The Russian army disowns the fire of Moscow : the authors of this attempt are held in detestation among the Russians. They► eonsider RASTOPCIIIN as a sort of MAR AT. He has been able to con- sole himself in the society of the English Com- missary WiLspiq. The Staff-Major will cause .the details of the battles of Smolensk and Moskwa to be printed, and point out those who distinguished themselves• We have just armed the Kremlin with 30 pieces of Fannon, and constructed chevaux-dc-frize at all the entrances of it. It forms a fortress ; bake- houses and magazines are established in it. PARIS, OCT. 23.—Minister of General Police,— Three Ex-Generals, MALLET, LAPORL', and Gul- DAL, have deceived some National Guards, and d: rected them against the General Member of Po lice, the Prefect, and the Commandhnt of. La.. Place de Paris. They committed violences against them. They frdsely spread the report of the Em peror's death, Three Ex 7 Generais have been ar- rested ; they have been convicted_ of imposture ; justice is going to be executed upon them. The most absolute tranquility ieigus at Paris. it was troubled in three hotels where the Brigands went. The present Decree shall be aublished, affixed, &c. &c. &c. (Signed) The Duke of Rovico, The Minister of General Police. PARIS, OCT. 25.—The individuals arrested yes- terday, and those suspected of being their ac complices have to-day been transferred to the Ab- baye. A military commission has been appointed to decide upon their fate. It has met to-day, and heard the charges and interrogatories read. Pants, OCT. 28.—The intelligence in private letters from the army, comes down to October 9; at that epoch, the inhabitants of Moscow who bad retired at the approach of our troops, commenced to return to the capital. The genurou. goodness with which his Majesty the Emperor had d:stt ihule4 succours to all those whom thc fire had reduced to misery, has excited the.gratitqcle of the irihabitants; and in proportion as the fugitives return to their homes, the peasants of the neighbouring country become more assured, and hasten to furnish the markets and wiarehouses of Moscow with all kinds of provisions. Ills Majesty the EmtEnun alwayi enjoys good health. NUREMBERG, OCT. 18.=`r1We Polish General DEMBROWSKI has beaten the Russian Generals DECUR and BIR4Now, in two bloody battles upon the Berezina. They have:fell back upon Mozyar. Marshal the Duke of BEI,LIT NO'S, corps has ar- rived in the Town of Muisk and its neighbour- GERONA, OCT. 17.—According to intelligence this moment received from Gen. LANIARQUE, CORI- niandant of Upper Catalonia, Marshal SOULT'S army has fortunately effected its junction with the Army of .the Centre,' commanded by his Majesty the King. of SPAIN, and. with that commanded by the Duke of ALBUFERA. This mass of force, which nothing can resist, has already commenced operation's ; the results of which must be decisive. BERLIN, OCT. 15.----lutelligence from Konigs- berg states, that General D'YORK'S. head-quarters were at Alittau, and that his army had taken an ex cellent position in the neighbourhood of that city. It is.. yvitb deep regret thA we lay before our Readers the following letter, which we this morn ing receivedirom Yarmouth : LOSS OF HIS MAJESTY'S SHIP CENTINEL,, AND 20 SAIL , OF MERCHANTMEN. YARMOUTH, OCT. 30.—Arrived yesterday even ing after post, his Majesty's ship Mercurius, with about thirty sail of • the homeward bound Baltic convoy; 'the reminder ate dispersediin the North sea. The Mercurius brings an account of the loss of the Centinel gun-brig, and twenty vessels of this .convoy, on Ilugen Island, and the shoals leading into the Great Belt; crews happily saved. This unfortunate event .took pl:lce on the night of the 'loth lust, His Majesty's ship Aqui inn bad arrived at Gottenburg,h. The mbasador flout Spain to nussia has arrived here, and will will embark on board his Majesty's ship Arab. Our Letter from Torbay mentions a report, brought by the aptain' of the American ship Ex periment, which was captured by his Majesty's ship Rover, that the Maidstone- frigate' has been taken -by the American frigate the Essex. Neither the date nor any particulars are mentioned, and as we know the propensity of American Captains t 6 propagate false intelligence, we are not inclined to attach any credit to this, rumour. No accounts upon the subject have reached the Admiralty, and we know that on the 17th Sept. the Maidstone was cruizing in company with the Spartan frigate. —lt is not improbable that the capture of the Guerrierc may have led to this report. EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM SEVILLE, DATED SEPT. 28. " The brigade, under the command of Colonel Skerrett, composed of the Ist Guards, the 59th and 87th regiments, detachments of the 95th, and German Legions, with the Portuguese, had re ceived the Marquis of Wellington's orders to pro ceed on the 30th of September to Truxillo, and from thence to Toledo, and to wait at each place for orders, to join General Hill, a distance of 350 miles. They were in high spirits. Gen. Cooke had orders to return to Cadiz. This fine brigade as in want of horses and mules." Intelligence was received yesterday from Hano, dated the 13th instant, stating, that the I . oth inst. was appointed as the last day any convoy would be granted ; and the one, which had been so long delayed by coutrary winds, having sailed the day before, the Aclmii'al refused to grant sailing in- . structioris to any ship, subsequently, in conse quence Of orders from Sir JamesSaumarez. The fleet which sailer; from the Nore the 10th inst. arrived at Gottenburgh on the 18th. Captain WILLOUGHBY, the distinguished Com mander of the Nereid frigate, who, when she grounded under the French batteries, did not strike her colours until every one of his crew ex cept three, were either kiiied or wounded, is now in Russia, where he has been introduced to the EMPEROR, and, having volunteered his services, has been appointed to the command of the float ing army attached to the Riga squadron of gun boats and other armed vessels. • CAMBRIDGE, OCT. 30.—His Royal Highness the Chancellor of this University having deter, mined that a third gold medal should be annually given for the encouragement of English Poety, to a resident Undergraduate, who shall compose the best Ode, or the best Poem in heroic verse, the Vice-Chancellor has given notice, that the subject for the present year is Columbus.—No prize bei 1g determined last year, there will be tivo to be Co.:- tended for this year, NAVALNEWS \ REPORTED tAPTi;IZE OP' TUE MAIDSTONE FRIGHT 2 BY THE ESSEX AMERICAN FRIGATE. Tar.rAY, OCT. 29.—Put in last evening, after post, not being able to reach Plymouth, the Ex -perinient letter of n,wque, carrying six 'guns, with a cargo of cotton and rige, ofßaltimore, but from Charlestown, bound to BoUrdeaux, and taken on the 21st, after a chase of 12 hours, within 20 miles of the Corduan, by his Majesty's . ship Ro ver. The Captain of the American reports, that his Majesty's frigate Maidstone-had been captured by the American frigate Essex, and that the Ame ricans have schooners building 120 feet in length, supposed to be for privateers. PkYMOUTti; OCT. 29.—Arrived the ship Bruns wick, O'CLARY, in 26 days from Quebec; left the ltiver St. Lawrence with a convoy -of. 113 . sail un der his" . .Majc i sty'sship Prometheus, and parted from them on the 20th inst. in a heavy gale of,wind.— The Brunswick kept company with the Flora, and parted from her in the Channel, and left her pro ceeding for London. . Sailed his Majesty's ships Bittern for Basque Roacis, and the Reindeer on a cruize in the Chan nel. DEAL, OCT. 30—Remain in the Downs seven teen sail of the line, several sloops of war, the whole of the outward bound, besides coasters 'and colliers, all wind-bound. PORTSMOUTH, OCT. 30.—Arrived his Majesty's' ships:Loire, Peacock, and Slag, from the Downs ; the Stork from Plymouth with a convoy ; the Hope from, a cruizc; and the ship Flora from Quebec. Sailed his Majesty's ship Plover with hornewdrd bound and ‘others, under convoy for the Downs, but the wind varying more to the southirard, the whole have conic back. FALMOUTH, Cr T. 28.--Arrived the Sear, M&Y, from Malaga and Lisbon, ten days from the latter place, with the loss of booms, &c. &c. On Friday, the 23d inst. the Duro brig, James Tucker, master, was captured between the Eddy-- stone and theßam-head; by the Seas Surd French privateer, commanded by M. Rossee. The crew and Fasfengers were used in the handsomest man.;. ner tw the captors. The French Captain and ofii cers gave up their beds to them. On Suu:ky they were informed that it was the intention of Ate , Captain to release them, on condition of kaving: seve4al French prisoners of war here, friends to the Captain, exchanged. They were furnished with a_ letter to the TranspOrt Board, and the Captain of tlic privateer widtrEvok to laud them at the zard ; but a British frigate hove in sight, and the privateer made sail off the coast. 41 second attempt was un-de to laud them at :Guernsey, but that was rendered unavailing by the appearance of a brig in chase of them. The, Captain then ran to the isle of Bas., where he gave the crew his launch,. with a compass, chart, sails, brandy and provisi ons, to reach England. Some time after they tell in with the Linnet sloop of war, which towed their boat to- , the coast of Devonshire, where they landed on Monday last. REFoßm.—The present seems to be the age of reform ; not only for Parliaments but Play-houses . Since the opening of the Winter Theatres this spi rit has broken out among the lower part of the audience, and all the fury of an O.P. uproar has been directed against those Ladies who presumed to . place their cloaks on the . front ,of ,the Boxes, till they were removed. This truly ridi culoUs zeal for decorum appears in .the following hand-bill, which has been circulated through the town, and we insert it that the Ladies may he aware of the insult which they suffer from turbu lent vulgarity which appears under the affecta. tion of taste, delicacy, and respect for 'good man- , ners. THEATRE.—Ladks putting shawls, tippets, cloaks, &c. over the fronts of the Boxes, disfigures Theatres. Gentlemen sitting on the fronts of the Boxes, and thereby turning their backs to the Audience, is insulting and inde cent. _ _ Gentlemen of the Pit—You who 'have ever been considered the best judges, in Theatres, are locked up to for a reform of the bad practices, above-mentioned; it is therefore hoped, that, whenever a shawl or cloalt, or .any thing of the sort shall be hung over a Box, you will raise your voices and cause it to he removed; and that whenever a Gentleman in a Box. shall turn his, back to you, you will resent the insult. • Gentlemen 4. the Gallery—Yon, who on a tate occasion !let• a good examp'.e to the Box Company, by taking in your costs, hats. &c. as soon as the impropriety- Was pointed out, and joined your Pit Brethren.—Assist them again; persevere and you cannot. fail to succeed; one good Regulation usually lead.; to another. AnifXatilvin, OCT. 26.—From the year 1750, the North F; . ik, in Icincardineshire, emptied itself 'into the sea upon the lands of Kirkside and Wood stone. About a twelvemonth ago, however, in conscquence of an . overflow in the river, and a very high tide, it excavated a new channel on the lands of Comieston, upon which, on an average, one-half of its contents continued to run during the last fishing season. A new revolution has now taken place in the course of the.river, which, on Monday last, completiy opened out its old clan. Del upon the lands - of . Kirkside and Woodstone, by which a valuable property is restored to its former proprietors. This river had, several time 3 'previous to the first mentioned dale, undergone 8, similar change from the satne t canses and, upon one of these occasions, it gave rise to a long and • expensive litigation,' between the new and old proprietors, which Wa.S at int decided in favour of the gentleman on N:'hose grounds the river had begun to flow ; all. artificial means - employed to obstruct or charge the course of a river being ,de clared rie'Fren c i z G enera l .Carrier, who was, with otly.tr cavalry Olti cers , taken prisoner, before the .;. - attle of Salamanca, landed at Plymouth on day evening.