The Sun. — London, England, 1846-11-20 00:00:00

111 E WEATHER.—SIIN OFFICE, NOVEMBER 20. T,SERMOXETER, Lowest, 48; Highest. 55 ; soon, 52 BAROMETER, 29.38. WIND S.W., morning, rain and stormy: afternoon, fins• w.kri Ar 1.0.1)0N-s-4ilouf .1)A1 . Morning .. 27 minutes after 2. I Evening .. 45 rninntes after 2. Just ready, in 3 vols. post Bvo., MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF GENERAL FEPE. ( yUE PRINCIPAL MILITARY omp AND ng POLITICAL EVENTS OF MODERN ITALY. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF. Richard Bentley, New Burlington. street. (Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.) NEW WORK, BY TEIE AUTHOR OF " WIIITEFRIARS." Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., C .11 A R BOR GIA A ; N HISTORICAL ROMANCE. By the Author of " Whitefriars." " Khow ye the land where the cypress and myrtle, Are emblems of deeds that are done in their clime? Where the rage of the vulture; the love of the turtle, Now melts into sorrow, now m adden to crime ?"—Butori. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. • RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE. MESSRS. LAMOND, SMALE, AND LAITOND, Railway Share Auctioneers, beg to thank their Friends and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c., take place every TUESDAY and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the Ball of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place, favours, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfully requested to be addressed. All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day previous to their being offered; and advises of results will be forwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds imme diately disposed of according to instructions. Offices, Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, 'London. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING IVill be performed Lavenu's new Opera, entitled LORETTA ; A Tale of Seville. Don Carlos, Mr. Ilarrison ; Ferdinand, Mr. King; Philippo, Mr. Borrani ; Provost Marshal, Mr. Howell ; Don Juanito, Mr. Weiss ; Loretta, Madame Anna Bishop ; Florinda, Miss Poole ; Gaetana, Miss Rebecca Isaacs. After the Opera, will be presented a new grand Ballet, called THE WAGS OF WAPPING (performed at the Academie Royale, Paris, under the title of " Betty.") In which will appear Mdlles. Sophie Fuoce, Louise, Benart, Madame Giubilei ; MM. Huguet, Adrien, Paul, Tell ; Messrs. Howell, Priorson, &c. THEATRE ROYAL. HAYMARKET. rnder the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee. THIS EVENING Will be performed an original Comedy, entitled LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP ; or, Wooings and Weddings. Mr. Oddington, Mr. W. Farren ; Mr. Rashleigh, Mr. Hudson ; Mr. De Vere, Mr. Holl ; Mr. Brandon, Mr. Howe ; Mr. Hardman, Mr. Rogers ; Jack Spriggs, Mr. Webster ; Tom Tilley, Mr. Buckstone ; Miss Brown, Mrs. Glover ; Claribel Oddington, Miss Fortescue ; Mary Oddington, Miss P. Horton ; Elinor Mortimer, Mrs. Yarnold ; Fanny Hardman, Miss Julia Bennett. After whioh the Musical Drama, called THE LITTLE DEVIL. Nicol° Angeli, Miss P. Horton ; Clotilda, Miss Julia Bennett ; Fer dinand er Spain, Mr. Stuart ; Vincentio d'Estella, Mr. Lester. During the evening the Band will perform three Polkas —" Caro " Juris," and " Marien ; " Esterhazy" (Walzer) ; " Les Travestissemens" (Overture) ; and " La Sonnambula." To conclude with a new Farce, called SPRING GARDENS. Lord Courtington, Mr. Holl; Sir Arthur Love], Mr. Howe ; Scoreup, Mr. Buckstone ; Lady Clarissa, Mrs. Buckingham ; Mrs. Scoreup, Miss Julia Bennett. Boa-office open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction of Mr. T. Archer, Box Book-keeper. THEATAE ROYAL, ADELIIII. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE. THIS EVENING Will be performed a grand Fairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet of LA GISELLE, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS ; or, the Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford. 3f r. 0. Smith, Mr. Cullenford, Madame Celeste, Miss Marian Taylor, Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin, and Mrs. Laws. After which, the popular Musical Comedy of SWEETHEARTS AND WIVES. Admiral Franklin, Mr. Lambert ; Charles Franklin, Mr. Selby ; Billy Lackaday, Mr. Wright; Sandford, Mr. Worrell ; Curtis, Mr. Cullenford ; Mrs. Bell, Mrs. F. Matthews ; Eugenia, Mrs. Tates ; Laura, Miss Woolgar ; Susan, Miss Brooks. To conclude with a Bozzian Sketch, in one act, called MRS. GUMP'S TEA AND TUBN-OUT. Principal characters by Messrs. Cullentoni, Worrell, Ryan, Wright, Mnnyard ; Miss M. Taylor, and Miss Ellen Chaplin. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. J. M. Maddox, sole Lessee and Manager. THIS EVENING Will be performed Shakspere's Tragedy of RICHARD THE THIRD. Duke of Gloucester, Mr. J. R. Scott ; Earl of Richmond, Mr. Hughes; King Henry, Mr. Ryder; Duke of Buckingham, Mr. Vining ; Tressel, Mr. Ro., by ; Queen, Mrs. Hughes ; Lady Anne, Mrs. After which a new farce, entitled KEEPING A PLACE. Major Spikespur, Mr. Granby; Crocus, Mr. Compton ; Miss Dorothea Danzers, Mrs. Fosbroke ; Tidy, Miss Laporte. To conclude with the favourite Farce of MY WIFE'S SECOND FLOOR. Characters by Messrs. Granby, lioxby, Compton, Harris; Mrs. Hughes, Miss E. limner, and Mrs. Fosbroke. OLYMPIC THEATRE. Mr. George Bolton, sole Lessee and Manager. THIS EVENING Will be produced an entirely New and Original Comedy, in five acts, entitled LIFE. Mr. Orstan, Mr. Archer ; Frank Orstan, Mr. Leigh Murray; Sir Thomas Menton, Mr. Walter Lacy ; Sir Jacob Smallwit, Mr. George Bolton ; Sir Robert Folair, Mr. J. Cowell ; Cancara, Mr. Wilkinson ; Lady Bait, Mrs. C. Jones ; Fanny Archer, Mrs. Walter Lacy ; Emily Orstan, Mrs. Gordon. To conclude with a new grand ,ALLET DIVERTISSEMENT. In rehearsal, and shortly to he produced, Beaumont and Fletcher's Comedy of TIIE WILD GOOSE CHASE. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Lessee, Mrs. Frances Davidge. Will he performed a new Drama, entitled QUENTIN MATSYS ; or, The Siege of Antwerp. Qaentin Matsys, Mr. Saville ; Williewig, Mr Heslop ; John Trevalt, Mr. Neville ; Jannette, Miss Richardson ; Clementina, Mrs. Saville; Dame, Mrs. W. Daly; Joan, Miss E. Terrey. After which a Ballet of Action, entitled DER CHAMOIS YAGER; or, The Fiend of Earth. The characters by the Deulin Family. To conclude with the Nautical Drama of TIIE FLYING DUTCHMAN. Vanderdecken, Mr. Saville ; Lucy, Miss Terrey. ASTLEY'S, ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Patronised by her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Prince Albert, and Royal Family. Immense attraction. The Champion Vaulters. Herr Amidlo Neuperte, the great Dutch Bottle Equi librist. Second Week of the grand successful Magical Spectacle, introducing the Syrian Camels and Deer. TRES EVENING Will he performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Romance, en titled TILE DEMON HORSE ; or, The Twelve Wishes and the Charmed Bit. In which will be introduced a Wi!d Stag-Hunt, by living Deer, and numerous attractive scenic effects. Entire change in the Scenes of the CIRCLE. T. conclude with a favourite AFTERPIECE. 'l:fix-office open trom eleven till nye o'clock.—Doors open st six aid canmence et half-past six o'clock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W. Broadfoot. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. Alteration of Prices. Boxes, 25.; Half-price, Is.; Pit, Is.; Hall price, Ga. ; Gallery, 3d. TIIIS EVENING _ Will be performed the ' interesting Drama of the MOCK 3IAIt. RIAGE ; or, the Blacksmith's Daughter. In which Miss Vinceni will perform. After which, THE BRIDE'S JOURNEY ; or, The Escapes of Adelaide of Dresien. Masgynolo, Mr. Searle ; Karl, Mr. Howard ; Patoche, Mr. Forman; Adelaide, Miss Vincent ; Claudine, Mrs. Lee. To conclude with the Barletta of THE MISTAKEN STORY. f ,rttp s . . . ..4%. „Qui 144, , ,A•t•,-,„, . I.4iiiiib --.1-.rag.--4 4 ;14,-,-;;,ilarri/.0 ' , ;;;- -, ~..--,"=- ~ >,-,..(1,4„1-, 4r •no ...,...,,' - 114- ' l ',' 7 .-' h f :,::,,,,,;44 . :::. , •,":" ••• .... SECOND EDITION. Vantfola LONDON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20. 1846. CABINET COUNCIL Summonses were issued yesterday from the Fo reign -office, by order of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, to the Cabinet Ministers, to attend a Cabinet Council to morrow (Saturday), at the Foreign-office, Downing street. The Ministers (with the exception of Air LAnoccumtc) all remain in town. The agricultural statistics of England, from their paramount importance to ourselves, have generally monopolised our consideration. They have not, how ever, so far monopolised that consideration as to ex clude from our notice the agricultural statistics of foreign countries ; they have only rendered these latter in a peculiar degree subordinate. It is, never theless, from the comparisons drawn between the cal • culated resources of our own and surrounding territories, that we can arrive at an adequate esti mate of the supplies afforded for the sustentation of our community. It is only by analysing the provisional tables of the continental agriculturists that we can form any adequate deduction as to our relative position, as to our advancement or retrogression as cultivators of the earth, and especially as to the mar kets to which it would be advisable for us to make the first application in the periods of national priva tion. From these extraordinary estimates, moreover, we may by analogy form some accurate conception of the physical advantages possessed by the population under other Governments, of their social condition, of their facilities for satisfying the primary wants of our common nature, by clothing themselves with appro priate raiment, by feeding themselves with nutri tious food, and by residing in houses proportioned to their several ranks, and suited to their average necessities. From these inquiries into the movements of various countries in the arts of husbandry each nation would receive a wonderful encitement to still greater exertion. We should thereupon strive to emulate each other in extracting the utmost amount of nourishment from the soil, and in effecting a consequent improvement in the condi tion of our fellow-citizens. A very remarkable document was forwarded on the 16th inst. to the different prifets throughout France, by the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. The document to which we allude was a circular upon the actual state of the provision supply in that kingdom. A more interesting moment could scarcely have been selected for its remittal and subsequent publication; for it is precisely at this moment that an unprecedented dread of scarcity is acting most prejudicially upon many of the principal markets of this hemisphere ; it is precisely at this moment that an unprecedented failure has really occurred in cer tain directions ; it is precisely at this moment that an unprecedented abundance of corn and other produc tions has inundated to overflowing some of the most important granaries in the new and the old world. We are induced to make this particular allusion to the circular issued by the Minister of Agriculture and THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVRNING, NOVEMBER 20, 1816. Commerce, not so much, however, for the purpose of analysing the mercantile incongruities of France, as to direct the attentim cf the so-called Protectionists to some of the deductions which must necessarily be drawn from the facts therein cpntained. - Among the different objections raised against the salutary doctrines of free trade, the most incessant and the most specious was to the effect, that by re moving the barriers hitherto raised against the im portation of provisions, the markets would be speedily glutted with foreign produce ; that the interests of our native growers of corn and fatteners of cattle would be utterly destroyed ; that, in short, the farmets of Great Britain would be ruined by this disproportioned competition of the husbandmen of a single country against the agriculturists of the rest of the world combine& We say that this was about the most specious of the numberless objections raised against the measures of Sir ROBERT PEEL by the cavillers of New Bond-street. It was only spe cious, however, to those whose ignorance rendered them . gullible enough to swallow any dismal pro phecy, providing it were only advanced with so lemnity and uttered with emphasis ; such individuals as would have brandished their carving-knives among the ragged regiment of the fanatic Timm, or would, if that were possible, have rocked the cradle of JOANNA. SOUTIICOTT to all eternity. Under the scrutiny of common sense and an unbiassed judg ment that most frivolous objection " melted into thin air," like the reprobate old ghost in the w hite waist coat, as seen by EBENEZER SCROOGE. If anything were wanting to demonstrate the shallowness of this Protectionist argument, the cir cular of the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce would be amply sufficient. From that elaborate official document it would appear that a harvest of the most astonishing abundance has been gathered in the ancient provinces of Poland and New Russia ; that from Odessa may be readily ex ported, 6,000,000 hectolitres of grain ; that a supply of 1,500,000 hectolitres is derivable, on emergency, from the sea of Asof ; that 1,800,000 hectolitres might be drawn immediately from the stores of Egypt; that 49,280,000 hectolitres of wheat, and 24,640,000 quintals of flour can be exported for Eu ropean consumption from the granaries of the United States. Here, therefore, is that enormous and accumulated peril which was foretold ! Here is something infinitely worse than the legendary sword of DAMOCLES ! Here are prodigious quantities of foreign grain, and vast bundles of foreign flour ready to tumble down upon the devoted agriculturists of England and smother them with the cereal calamities of free trade ! Surely with these gigantic terrors hanging about their ears, our tenant-farmers are pre paring to appraise their stock and to dispose of their implements and other appurtenances by auction Surely our landowners will have to discharge their estate-agents forthwith ! Surely those tracks of arable land, which have hitherto nurtured the roots of rye and barley, will henceforth be prolific of dar nels and thistles ! Those would be the only conse quences in accordance with the predictions of the protectionists. But let us ask seriously what are the effects produced upon our native agriculture by this pending torrent of foreign produce. Are our farmers dwindling into a state of irreparable bank ruptcy ? Are rents diminishing with a ruinous ra pidity ? Are prices falling to such a miserably unre munerative point that the cost of seed and cultivation is not repaid? The contrary of all this is noto rious. Rents, instead of sinking, are manifestly rising; leases are being renewed incessantly at an amount sometimes double, sometimes treble, that stipulated in the preceding arrangement. Prices are sustained to a point which must afford the most satis factory profits ; and the tenant-farmers, not merely upon the estates of the Marquis of LONDON DERRY, but elsewhere throughout the island, are in a more flourishing condition than can be remembered. Nay, our agriculturists them selves show that they are fully aware of their safety by actually retaining large quantities of grain from the markets, notwithstanding this threatened competition from abroad. They are concious of their superior advantages over the agriculturists of foreign countries; they are concious that they themselves are not compelled to support the expenses of freightage ; that their wheat and cattle are within the immediate reach of the consumer, in • stead of being beyond oceans and mountains. They are satisfied of their local and scientific superiority over the corn-growers of distant territories, and that, - notwithstanding the virtual operation of free trade at this moment, they are still protected from the danger of a superabundance of provisions. Experienee will in time change the protectionists into free-traders. In the Free-Trade Hall of Manchester on Wed nesday last, a great meeting of the Liberal electors, pecially convened, pledged itself to take all requisite steps for returning Mr. BRIGHT, M.P., as their repre sentative whenever a vacancy should occur, either by general election, or the resignation of his seat by Mr. MARK PHILIPS, whose health has, fur some time past, rendered him desirous of retiring from public life. Retire when he may, Mr. MARK PHILIPS will have the satisfaction of reflecting that, during the long period he has represented Manches ter, and which has been one of stirring national in terest, that he has discharged the onerous trust im posed upon him, and rEpeatedly renewed by the con fidence and esteem of his fellow-townsmen, with un flinching fidelity, great public spirit, and unassailable integrity. Few can be aware, none, completely so, short of actual experience, of the severity of the duties .Which attach to the membership of so vast a seat of commerce as Manchester. They admit of scarcely my relaxation, and the nature of the questions whictij have of late so prominently occupied the attention'iif the Legislature, has cqnsiderably enhanced the: , 'abour incidental to the representation i:of the great commercial and manufacturing cities of the, empire. It was from a liheral;se_nse of ,the incessants. -litigue and domestic interruption to which their re presei:4!ttivu yveie sutieetad i that i years ago, Livet:' pool was induced to be at the expense of maintaining an office in London, with .secretaries, with the ex-. press vie* d lightening the Parliamentary duties of their Members. Our readers know that the constir tuency of Manchester were very degrous to return Mr. ConDEN at the next election. The desire was a most natural one, and equally honourable to them selves and the object of their wishes. Theirs was the city which generated the monster League, whose his. tory and triumphant peaceful policy are in delibly incorporated in the annals of our country, to be ever the theme of admiration with the present and future ages ; theirs was the city where thou sands thronged around the master mind which cham pioned the great cause of free trade with all the world. Nothing, therefore, could better have evinced their feelings of gratitude, and laudable aspiration for public distinction, than that the people of Manchester, at the first fitting opportunity, should have shown them selves ambitious of returning RICHARD COBDEN to St Stephen's. And it is not improbable that, had the League up to this time failed, instead of accomplish ing its object, RICHARD COBDEN would not have declined the invitation which the electors of Manchester made to him; since, as Member for that celebrated focus of commercial energy, the greatest public weight would have been imparted to his powerful crusade against the forces of monopoly. But the cause, for which RICHARD COBDEN so nobly fought, needed not the aid of such a demonstration Its own rectitude, when elucidated by the convincing' reasonings of the Member for Stockport and his chosen band, proved amply sufficient to turn the enemy's flank, and win the victory. We are, there fore, glad that Mr. COBDEN, whose health was much impaired by the struggle in which he was engaged, and whoSe absence from the House of Commons we should esteem a national loss, has decided to remain Member for Stockport, in which public relation his chances of convalescence are certainly greater than they would be, were he to he elected for Manchester. This city has, however, done the next bent thing, and has manifested, by the adoption of the resolution at the meeting we have adverted to, its keen apprecia tion of the virtues and services of public men. The resolution was grounded upon their " grateful ac knowledgment of the distinguished services of Joust BRIGHT, Esq., M.P., in the recent struggle for com mercial freedom, and the high sense which they entertain of his talents and public conduct." This eulogium has been deservedly gained. A committee was constituted to carry their intentions into effect ; the list of the committee contained 340 names, Mr. BRIGHT AMA feel certain of success. Mr. GEORGE WILSON, who was in the chair, observed, " that though he had some experience of election and other committees, never in his life had he met with one possessing the like strength and influence." Mr. BRIG FIT made a long speech which was most favour ably received. Alluding to popular representation, the Hon. Member said : The subject of popular representation is one on which I have long and deeply reflected. It has appeared to me that the prosperity of a country does and must always depend, to a great extent, upon the intelligence, and purity, and honesty, of its Government. Ido not agree with some poet who has exclaimed— 'how few of all the ills that men endure, Are those which kings or laws can cure!' I believe, if there is corruption, dishonesty, wickedness, amongst those in high places and those who rule a coun try, it is absolutely impossible that the prosperity of that country can for any long period be preserved. Our Government is what the constituency of the empire makes it ; we have something which approaches at any rate to a popular representation, and I need not tell this meeting that a popular representation may be an instru ment of supreme good to a nation, or it may be an in ,trument of the foulest and most intolerable tyranny — an instrument of supreme good if it be wielded by an honest intelligent people—an instrument of the foulest tyranny if it be wielded by electors and constituencies depraved and corrupted." With the spirit of these observations our senti ments are in unison. It should not be forgotten, how ever, that, with the representation which we now enjoy, vast reformatory changes have been wrought during the last fifteen years. That it still has its blots and blemishes is unquestion able ; the system of registration is one—but this and others are rather matters of detail than principle, and such as we think there is a sufficiency of popular vigour in the House of Commons to secure the im provement of. No doubt, .hereafter, as wealth and intelligence become more equally and generally diffused, it will be found desirable to enlarge the franchise ; but the English are not given to favour a rapid succession of fundamental changes in the con stitution, particularly without a strong apparent necessity. Moreover, before we set about extending our own franchises of what kind soever, we should place the Irish upon an equality with our selves in these respects. Let Ireland be, in the first instance, invested with the like privileges, Parliamentary and municipal, that are enjoyed by England and Scotland. We can then judge how the machine of Government will work with this fre,h fusion of popularity in the Legislature, and shall be better enabled to decide both as to the time and the extent to which it may be safe and expedient to wilen the base of popular representation. The decision of the Court of Queen's Bench in the case of Mrs. SHUTTLEWORTH is, as affecting the liberty of the subject, one of the most important that has ever been delivered. Lord DENMAN has declared the law of lunacy to be this, that if any medical man, that medical man being the proprietor of a lunatic asylum, and therefore having a direct in terest in the incarceration of any supposed lunatic, ,declares that such supposed lunatic is required to be put under the care of some one because such sup posed lunatic labours under mental delusions, a cer tificate from the medical man to that effect, even if such certificate does not set forth such delusions, is sufficient to authorise the detention; of such lunatic ; and that if that certificate is backed by the-certificate of another medical man, stating the person so incar cerated is lunatic, these two certificates are sufficient to authorise the detention, for an indefinite period, of such ,t:supposed lunatic. Far be it from us to dispute the law, as laid down by the Lord Chief Justice of England. Such is the law, and so long as it continues to be the law, it must be obeyed. But then we come back to the public declaration made by Mr. LUKE JAMES HAN SARD, the President of the Society for the Protection of Alleged Lunatics, at the anniversary meeting of the society, in the month of June last, which public declaration was corroborated by Mr. BENJAMIN BOND CADDELL, M.P., who was present when it was made, and who testified to the truth of it—that those certi ficates of lunacy can be purchased in the market, from medical men, at the rate of ss. each, and from these data we conclude that it is perfectly open to any rascal to get any individual put " out of the way" at the cost of 103. We will put a case. A cause is entered for trial on a certain day. There is one person whose evidence will determine that cause one way or the other. One of the parties to that cause, on the evening of the day before that on which the trial is to come on, purchases two of these medical certifi cates, and on the morning of the trial arrests and incarcerates the principal witness of his opponent as a lunatic. What is to prevent it ? The certificate merely sets forth that the alleged lunatic is labouring under delusions, without descending into particulars. The cause may be a trial of right of way, the witness may be a very old man. How is it possible to declare that an old man may not be labouring under delusions and that old man may be perfectly sane ? The cer tifier may well declare that he cannot enter into a minute statement, because, to quote the words of Lord DENMAN, " it is impossible to suppose that in all cases whatever, a third party should be able to give a minute account of the former history of the deranged person," and if the " skilful person" certifying, declares that in his opinion the party is " labouring under mental delusions," that is quite sufficient, without setting forth those delusions in the certificate. It is not necessary to set forth delusions, be cause, says my Lord DENMAN, " many things may be considered by some persons as delusions, to which others would not give the same character. That would depend on mere difference of opinion." Such being the state of the law, what is to prevent Welnearceration of the judge himself? Two bohrha'd "skilful persons" travel doein in the same train with *lay- liorik DENMAN, who, going a circuit, is about to I try treat in which they are interested. They stop' the train ,at some intermediate station " convenient" to a madhouse ; they certify that their fellow traveller is lab9uring„.under ." certain delusions." AccordinifiVmy Lord DENMAN'S own showing, it would be " monstrous' to expect Pat glt the par ticulars of:these delusions" sbob/d be set forth in the certificate, and the juke, is himself incarcerated Madman, and if, he sues out his hizbeas corpus, he cannot be discharged,, for in. the case of Mrs. SnierrLuwoafix the 'Court of Queen's Bench has decided that such certificate . is sufficient. Let it not be supposed that such is a mere extreme case. In the case of a judge, parties, • most probably, would not proceed to such extremities, although in the case of an important witness they, no doubt, would, and, if the law continues in its present state, will. There is this great fallacy running through the whole of the judgment of Lord DEN MAN. He assumes that the "skilful persons" are also " honest persons." Now let us look to facts. Mr. FLETCHER, the will-forger, was one of Lord DENMAN'S " skilful persons." Would not Mr. FLETCHER, for a consideration, have certified that any person, one, for instance, who thought him dis honest, was labouring under mental delusions ? Is it stretching the truth to imagine that, among the whole host of physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, Mr. FLETCHER might have found his double ? If so, those two might have incarcerated any sane person they chose, without any hope of release. IA is true, my Lord DENMAN says that these certificates are not final, that the object of all of them is only to put matters in a train of in quiry. The inquiry to which his Lordship alludes, is the inquiry instituted by the visitors of lunatic asylums, but that inquiry is, to use his Lordship's own words on another occasion, "a mockery, a delusion, and a snare." To show the nature of this inquiry, we refer to an article copied from the Lancet, which will be found in another column, and which is entitled, " Experience in a Private Lunatic Asylum," and there we find that the visitors " came into the ward, accompanied by the house-surgeon and two keepers that they passed through the ward, in which were twelve patients, Ns ithout speaking a word, or making an attempt to ascertain whether any of the patients were in a fit state to have their liberty." It stands to reason that such must always be the case. Considering the immense number of patients in every lunatic asylum, and the small number of visitors, it is physically impossible that if the visitors in the country districts, and Commis sioners of Lunacy in the metropolitan dis tricts, were to devote twelve hours a day for 365 days in the year to the investigation of individual cases of lunacy within their districts they could pro perk investigate one half of the cases in which, ac '.cording to Lord DENMAN, it is their duty to put things in a train of inquiry. The records of our courts of law give us proof of this. There was the case of Mrs. CUMMING. The " skilful persons " cer tified to her lunacy; Dr. MILLINGEN received and in carcerated her. The Commissioners during their visits never dreamed that she was not insane, s commission de lunatico was issued against her, and yet so soon as she consented to make a disposition of her property in favour of those who had set the "skilful persons" in motion, the certificate of the " skilful persons " was thrown to the winds. Dr. MILLINGEN was content to accept the guarantee of Master BAuLow, and Mrs. CUNNING, who,7according to the " skilful persons" was labouring under delusions was at once set at liberty. How comes it that the visitors did not discover the error into which the " skilful persons " had fallen ? How was it that Dr. MILLINGEN, one of the " skilful persons " in Mrs. SUUTTLEVFORTII'S case, became so suddenly enlight ened ? Again, there was the case of Mr. CAMPBELL• For fourteen years he was incarcerated as a lunatic upon the certificate of two " skilful persons." At the end of that time he comes into the possession of property, and a commission de lunatic() inquirendo is rendered necessary. It is positively an unopposed commission. Mr. CAMPBELL appears before the jury as a matter of course, and on the mere examination of the supposed lunatic so convinced are the jury of the error of the two " skilful persons " that they de clare Mr. CAMPBELL sane and fit to be trusted with the management of his own affairs, and he has now b e en a free agent for two years, and yet no " skilful persons" have been found willing to run the risk of again testifying to his insanity. Then, again, there is the case of Mr. PATERNOSTER. He was a man of courage and firmness, he battled the watch with the " skilful persons," and beat them. He afterwards entered as a student of the Middle Temple, was called to the bar, and is at this moment a member of Lord DENMAN'S own pro fession. We merely adduce these facts to show the necessity of an alteration in the law of lunacy. We accept the law as it at present stands from the mouth of Lord DENMAN, but we contend that the law re• quires alteration—that the principle of that alteration should be that no one should be incarcerated as a lunatic without the institution of some public pre liminary inquiry ; and we suggest that the most satisfactory public preliminary inquiry that can be instituted is an inquiry to be instituted by the coroner and his jury, and that the warrant of the coroner should be the only document which should authorise the detention in an asylum of any alleged lunatic. It has already been announced that the Pontifical Government had appointed several Commissions, charged with preparing important projects of reform. In maintaining the Commission already appointed by his predecessor, GREGORY XVI., for the amelio ration of the penal and criminal codes, the POPE has added M. Alberghini, Auditor of Rota ; M. Bertoli, Advocate-General of Taxes ; M. Cigog nani, Consistorial Advocate ; the Advocates Silvani, of Bologna; M. Pagani, of Imola ; M. Guiliani, of Malrata ; M. Leoncilli of Spoleta ; M. Dionsi, Public Defender ; M. Pagnoncelli, Substitute of the Cham ber, and M. Borghi, Doctor of Laws. The Com mission instituted ad referendem to propose ameliorations in provincial and communal govern ment, is composed of M. M. Quaglia, Auditor of Rota; Savelli, Clerk of the Chamber; Mertel, Lieute nant of Tribunal; Pellegrini, Assessor of Tribunal; the Marquis Potengiani, President of the Chamber of Commerce ; Count Carleschi, Member of the Congre gation of Revision ; Aldrobandini, Odescalchi, and Torlonia. Nearly all the persons in these Commis sions belong to the moderate party, and occupy by their well-known talents a distinguished place in public estimation. One of them, M. Silvani, formed part of the provisional Government of Bologna in 1831. Madrid papers of the 12th have been received, but those of the 13th have not yet arrived. They contain very little news. It appears, however, that the Spanish papers have hit upon a most amusing way of revenging themselves on Count BRESSON for his demand of the interference of the Spanish Court against the Tiempo. The Clamor Publico publishes an address from several loyal Spaniards to the QUEER, beseeching her MAJESTY to demand satisfaction from the French Government for the many attaAs which have been made upon her in the Charivari and other French journals A letter from Barcelona states that M. GAMINDES, formerly aide-de-camp to General PRIM, and several other Progressists of note, with a Carlist Colonel, named AMAT, have taken advantage of the amnesty, and returned to Spain. From Berga, it is stated, that JUAN TRISTANY, brother of the celebrated chief MOSEN BENITO TRISTAN; has also availed himself of the amnesty. The Progressistas were very active preparing for the approaching elections. The British ship-of-war Vanguard arrived on the 7th from Malaga at Carthagena, where an English corvette and a war-steamer had been lying for some time. A few hours afterwards the Virago came in from Gibraltar, and, the captain having had an in terview with the commander of the Vanguard, left for Malaga. MADRID BOLSA, Nov. 12.—The Three per Cents. were done at 331 ; the Four per Cents. at 211 ; the Five per Cents. at 211 ; the Coupons at 20 ; the Vales at Bi. ; and the Debt without Interest at 6t. We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday, from which it appears that M. GUIZOT bids high to secure the approbation of the northern Powers for the Mentpensier marriage. Poland is the price which M. GuizoT is prepared to pay for their support of his policy. Already has he joined the spoliators of Poland in their crusade against the Polish language, and has suppressed three journals which have appeared in that language in Paris regularly for some years past. The Constitutionnel thus remarks upon this miserable piece of tyranny, as petty and pitiful as it is odious : " A puerile and odious persecution has just been directed against some journals of Paris, which are written in the Polish language. The responsible editors of the Polish prints, entitled Le Trois Mai, Le Nation Polonaise, and Le Democrate Polonaise, were on Monday summoned to appear on Friday before the Tribunal of Correctional Police, to answer for the non-accom 'plishment of the formalities imposed on political p u bli ca ti o ns—that is, for not ha v i ng l o d ge d w i th the Treasury a caution-money of fifty th ousan d francs. It is evident that the object aimed at is the suppression of the three journals. One would imagine, on hearing of this summons, that the journals in question had only just been started, and that their existence has for the first time come to the knowledge of the police. But these are the facts. The Trois Mai, a journal not appearing periodically, but three or four times a month, has existed for six or seven years, and replaced another journal called the Chronique, which commenced in 1834, with the perfect knowledge of the police and of the law authorities. The Nation Polonaise has been published these six years, and ap pears once a week. Finally, the Democruee Polonaise, feunded i n 1837, h as neve r interrupted the course of its publication since that time. The Government was fully aware not only of the existence of this journal, but also of that of th e soc i e ty o f which it is the organ; it knew that, b e i ng devoted exclusively to Polish affairs, and studies on th e soc i a l s t a te of Poland, it has never madean excursion on the ground of the domestic policy of France. The other journals summoned have confined themselves within the same limits; so that, by a constant tolerance of all Ministries, paragraph 4 of Art. 3 of the Act of July, 1828, exempting from caution-money journals not written in French, and avoiding political matters, has been applied to them. How comes it to pass that, after twelve years of a tolerance of which no one in France ever complained, the Ministry sends the editors of these publications before the Correctional Police? Why de mand 50,000 f. caution-money, which the Government knows well these poor refugees cannot pay? Have these prints passed the limits within which they were origi nally started? Certainly not. The only question refers to the pecuniary conditions of publicity. 'this persecu tion, therefore, has no plausible pretext. It is evidently to please the journals which oppress Poland that these journals, written in their language, this common bond (if exile, this last image of their absent country, have been taken away from the remnant of a generous and proscribed nation. By suppressing here this vestige of Polish nationality, our Government endeavours to give a first pledge of entente cordiale to the absolutist powers. It will be seen that, sooner or later, the Poles will pay for the Spanish marriage!" The National goes at great length into the subject, and in the following article gives expression to the honest indi gna ti on w hi c h all honourable and high minded men o f every na ti on , o f ever y s h a d e o f poli tical opinion, must feel against those who without the excuse which the Northern Powers: have for their conduct, aid, assist, and abet them ini extinguishing the last remains of Polish nationalit3 r, and in cold blood, with malice aforethought, for th eir own mere private and pecuniary advantage, becce lie accessories before the fact to the murder of a nation. The .Na tional says " The three Northern Powers have decreed the de. itruction of the independent republic of Cracow, and this is announced as a fact accomplished. Well, then I what is accomplished is a most flagrant violation of 'ormal treaty—it is a violation of a most solemn promise renewed in the month of March last, and repeated pnb !icly by M. Guizot in the Chamber of Peers. The treaty which we are obliged to invoke at present, is that of 1815. France and England are parties to it, together with Russia, Austria, and Prussia. Now, the 7th article of that treaty guarantees ir. the most express manner tlu .ndepencience of the republic of Cracow. Where, then, are the subsequent conventions which rescinded that en ttagement contracted by the five powers ? Have Russia, Austria, and Prussia a right to dispose according to their pleasure of the fate of a city placed under the protec tion of the five Powers who signed the treaty ? To read the Augsburg Gazette it would appear that England and France are not concerned in this affair. But let 1.16 inquire what occurred at the period of the late insur rection ? At the moment when the troops of the three Powers invaded Cracow, a report was raised that it was intended to destroy that republic, and to incorporate ii with Austria. Public opinion was strongly excited, and M. Villemain, in the Chamber of Peers, having referred to the existing treaties, M. Guizot replied—' The re servations made by those treaties, the guarantees which are inscribed in their articles, the honourable M. Ville- main may be well assured have never been forgotten or abandoned, either at present or fifteen years since. All the reservations, protests, or precautions which legiti matelybelong to the King's Government have been made at different epochs, and have not been, nor will be, for gotten—(Applause)—the only thing that the lion. M. Montalembert demanded has been effected.' The fol lowing day he was still more explicit As to the re public of Cracow, we have maintained our reservations, and our protests which we made ten years since, we have renewed, and strengthed them. M. Vil lemain may be assured that the rights stipu latee for by us in the year 1815 will not be either forgotten or abandoned by us. As I have already stated so much, I will Low. state further, that I have already received the assurance that those rights shall not be for gotten or abandoned by any party.' This occurred on the 20th of March, and those rights which were not to be forgotten by any party, according to the solemn as surance given by M. Guizot, are now trampled under foot. Is there any doubt as to the text of the treaty? We do not wish to fatigue our readers with citations, but we wish to enable them to judge the question. Read merely the two following articles of the treaty of Vienna:— " ' Article 6. The city of Cracow, with its territory, is declared in perpetuity a free, independent, and strictly neutral city, under the protection of Russia, Prussia, and Austria.' " Article 9. The Courts of Russia, Austria, and , Prussia engage to respect, and to cause to be respected for ever, the neutrality of the free city of Cracow and of its entire territory. No armed force can ever be intro duced into it, under any pretence whatsoever.' " In the presence of such precise language, do you not admire the audacity of the Augsburg Gazette, which represents this independence of the free city as a trial made by the three Northern Courts ? They had deigned to allow a shadow of Polish nationality to remain in a corner ! A shadow was too much. It became neces sary to annihilate that shadow I And this feat is exe cuted under the eyes of the other Powers of Europe, sunk in their materialism, under the eyes of France, which assists, like a body possessing neither muscles, brains, nor blood, at this last act of despotic violence. Well I be it so ; let us confess that we are exhausted and about to die ; the voice of nations has no longer any echo ; French society is become a species of herd which feeds and fattens. Is that what you wished, noble citizens, overfed monopolizers, sovereigns for the moment ! But you have still the pretension to pos sess a machine of a Government ; you speak still of laws, treaties, regular relations, but you possess no life. What signify laws, if they are to be out raged ? What the utility of treaties, if they are to be torn to shreds when they interfere with our pro • jects ? What becomes of international law, if stipu lations guaranteed by five Powers are to be violated by three ? Is it brute force that you proclaim ? Say so, and proclaim it loudly ; we will repeat it in a still louder tone, and until the nations hear us ! But if conven tions or treaties have any meaning or possess any value, ihy are they abandoned to the caprice of Government ? M. Guizot pretends that he had received the assurance that the rights of the free city of Cracow should be respected by all parties. He said so publicly at the tri bune. His language was therefore false, or, if he was sincere, an act ot unworthy violence was being prepared under the mask of the most contemptuous mockery. Every one knows that the opinion of the Chambers is not doubtful on that question ; and it is still better known with what unanimous emotion all France protects with her most profound sympathy the sacred cause of Poland. They have mocked the Chambers and railed at France in her chains. But this Government—in fine, this Government, on whom the Northern Powers smile since England has become cold—this Government, which re ceived assurances,and which renewed and strengthened her protests—this Government, which, pressed by the irre sistible force of public opinion, announced a short time since that it would secure for the unfortunate Poles a sure asylum and a benevolent hospitality—what has this Government done, and what will it do ? Ah we can guess, for it is no secret. The Chambers are absent; politics appear to be smothered ; the alliance with England is broken ; we must beg from others, and we must beg with bowed head, and pay the price beforehand. But, do you know what is passing? At the moment that we learned the attack of three Powers on the free city of Cracow we likewise learned that the most incredible persecution was recommencing in France against the proscribed Poles. Eight days since a Commissary ot Police entered the apartment of a refugee Pole connected with a Polish de mocratic society, and seized all his papers. They were transferred to the Prefect of Police, thence to the Mi nister for Foreign Affairs, and by him they were handed to the Austrian Ambassador. Spies are multiplied round the refugees, who, it is supposed, are naturally labouring for the resurrection of their country. This incessant, but concealed, action was not sufficient for Austria and Russia ; they wished for a public act which might demonstrate the zeal of M. Guizot. This act is being executed, and you will see whether silly persecution could be carried further. During more than ten years the different fractions of the Polish emigrants published journals in the Polish language, which was the sole mcde by which they could communi cate. It may easily be conceived that it was a consola tion to the wrecks of that noble nation, scattered through England, Germany, France, Switzerland, Belgium, and even Algeria, to meet thus, through the medium of written ideas. The same faith, the same hopes in their country, were revived in their national tongue. France, which permitted them to enjoy her soil and to breathe her air, did not forbid them the liberty of speech. That continued more than ten years, and there was equal tole ration for all. The partizans of Prince Czartoriski had their organ in the Third May; the Poles who were occu pied with religious questions published the National; the Democratic Society patronised the Dentocracie Polo naise. Those journals, illegible for us ignorant persons, and assuredly perfectly inoffensive to the peace of the country, were addressed exclusively to those scattered members of a numerous emigration, to whom they spoke of Poland! Whilst Nicholas is endeavouring to denationalize the duchy of Warsaw—whilst he forbids the use of the native language—whilst Austria brutalizes the Galicians, and causes their nobility to be murdered—the Polish language was cultivated in this country, and those different jour nals, united as to one object, although using different means, incessantly called to mind the rights of the Polish nation. Did any one, or even M. Guizot himself, since his accession to the Ministry, think of interfering with them? No; but now on a sudden he finds them danger ous, and he for the first time recollects that those jour nals treat of political questions, and that they had not deposited any money as security, and three editors are cited for Friday next before the Court of Correctional Police! . . . . Such is the energetic reply of M. Guizot to the destruction of Cracow! Such is his pro tection against the violation of the treaty of Vienna! Oh the noble heart, how easy it is to recognize him! He lived ten years on the alms of England, and you know how he gained there! He must now live, if he can, by the grace of Russia and of Austria! Well, let us suffer the free city to be absorbed—let us deliver up what remains of Poland, and let us deprive the unfortu nate Polish exiles of the only consolation which they possess—the liberty of speech. . . . Those journals might escape the severe Custom-house authorities at Posen, Tarnow, or Warsaw, let us crush them in their cradle! Behold now the matrimonial advantages are beginning to develop themselves in the broad day ! We were told that it was a great dynastic success; we shall see more and more that it is a great national advan tage!" On this subjeet men of all parties in France ap pear to be united. The Legitimatist Univers is quite in accordance with the Republican National. Re ferring to the annexation of Cracow to Austria, the Univers says— " We have often cited the articles of the Treaty of Vienna, which guaranteed a shadow of independence to • Poland, and it is now useless to repeat them. This last violation of the treaty derives additional gravity from the declaration made by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, during the last session, who p ro t este d, i n t h e name f France, that the Republic of Cracow should be respected. We trust that no eventuality will make him forget that engagement. The important intelligence given by the Augsburgh Gazette may, perhaps, be re garded as a new consequence of the Spanish marriages. The rupture of the entente cordiale between France and England might have induced the Northern Powers to believe that they might now deal with Poland as they thought proper. England, however, on that question is as much engaged and interested as we are." The Univers may rely on it that England will do her duty in this occasion, and we trust that no even • tuality will make the French Minister for Foreign Affairs forget his engagement, although after the manner in which M. Guizo-r has found it convenient to forget his engagement at Eu, we must confess that we entertain no very sanguine expectations of his remembering his engagement to the Chambers. The P resse has an article on the affairs of the Rio de la Plate, condemnatory of the conduct of Baron DEFFAUDIS in seeking to thwart Mr. HOOD, conduct which, it intimates, will not be sanctioned by the French Government ; and it concludes by declaring that it will be found that Mr. HOOD'S mission Will not have failed. A Cabinet Council was held on Tuesday, at which Marshal sonza was present. According to the Univers ARD-EL-FADER has en tered the province of Oran, at the head of 800 cavalry. The Bey of Turns has announced his intention of not visiting England, as he had originally intended. The reason for this alteration in his resolution is stated to be his objection to be presented to Queen VICTORIA by the Turkish Ambassador. The Moniteur announces that the British Cabinet, having recognised the claims of the owners of the French brig Charles Auguste, which was run down on the coast of Sicily, on the morning of the 13th of July, 1845, by the British steam-vessel Polyphemus Commander Spark, which claims were supported by the French Government, have allowed an indemnity of 57,000 f., to be divided between the sufferers by the accident. The liberality of the Duke of BORDEAUX 15 pro ducing its effects. He is becoming excessitely popular in Paris. The Quotidienne says : " The marriage of the Count de Chambord is assuming the character of a really popular event. The dames de la Halle have been warmly impressed with the news of an event which may mix sweets with the bitterness of exile. These worthy women, always prompt at good orks, have felt in their hearts the admirable consecra tion of charity which the noble Prince has given to his marriage. They have wished to offer him a testimony of that faithful affection they vowed him in his cradle on the 29th of September, 1820. A letter, in which this reminiscence is recalled in the most touching accents of the heart, will show to the descendant of Henry IV. that the people of Paris never forgot those who re• member them. To this letter, which is already gone to its destination, is added a magnificent bouquet, which, we are assured, will be prce•ously preserved." That the marriage is considered as a most impor tant political event, is proved by the folloving ex tract from the France : " All the provincial and foreign journals and letters testify the importance attached to the marriage of the Count de Chambord. It is in vain for the Ministerial journals to attempt to persuade any of their readers that politics have nothing to do with this union, so redoubt able in the eyes of the ultra-dynasties. The Count de Chambord is the representative of a principle. An event, which ensures the perpetuity of this principle incarnate in the House of Bourbon, has all the characters, all the proportions of a political act." The Courrier du Havre announces, on the au- thority of letters received from the Ile du Prince, via Bahia, that Rear-Admiral MONTAGNIES DE LA RoQuE, commanding on the African station, has re ceived orders to return to Toulon. The crews of the vessels on the station are said to be unhealthy. It is stated that the departure of Captain LA. VAUD for Otaheite is adjourned on account of it health. The Three per Cents. closed at 82f. 20c. ; the Five per Cents., 117 f. 35c.; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,212 f. 50c.; Rouen, 875 C ; Havre, 670 f.; Great Northern, 627 f. 50c.; Avignon, 860 f. ; Vierzon, 562 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 540 f. • Basle, 215 f. ; Dieppe, 352 f. 50c.; Paris and Strasburg, 4 77 i. 50c. ; Tours and Nantes, 485 C ; Paris and Lyons, 496 f. 25c.; Lyons and Avignon, 485 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 475 f. ; Spa nish Three per Cents., 38; Spanish Domestic Debt, 32i. LYONS, Nov. 16.-Paris and Rouen, 885 f. ; Avignon, 860 f. • Marseilles, 867 f. 50c. ; Vierzon, 566 f. 35c.; Northern, 642 f. 50c.; Paris and Lyons, 501 f. 25c. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE _ LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, NOVEMBER 19. Boulogne and Amiens, 13% ex d.—Demerara. 3 1 / 2 —Dutch Rhenish, 4 %—East Indian, % Italian and Austrian, 2% — Jamaica South Midland Junction, 1% —Luxembourg, Namur and Liege, 34—Northern of France Constituted, 93 1 8 —Orleans and Bordeaux, 7%—Paris and Lyons Consti tuted, 4%—Sambre and Meuse, 434. INSURRECTION IN PORTUGAL FALMOUTH, Nov. 19, HALF-FAST 9 A.M. The smack Marys, Captain M'Lennen, arrived in this port last night from Lisbon, having left the Tagus on the 11th inst., at 3 P.m. From informa tion procured from Captain M'Lennen, it would ap pear that Lisbon was in a state of great confusion and excitement when she sailed, and fears were generally entertained that the success of the Queen's troops was very doubtful, although no news had reached of any decisive engagement having taken place between Saldanha and the popular faction. The British squadron was in a state of instant preparation for re ceiving and protecting the Queen and family, if necessary, and no sailors or marines had landed. The American frigate which had sailed for Oporto was not only not allowed to enter, but had been fired upon by. the batteries and totally dismasted, and had been towed into a neighbouring port. Whether any loss had occurred Captain M'Lennen did not learn. Business was completely at a stand-still when the Marys left. The Marys has brought no letters whereby to gain detailed information.—Times. [The American frigate met with what she deserved. Her commander, when he sailed from Lisbon, knew that Oporto was blockaded, and therefore he had no right to attempt to force a blockade. He must have gone either as a spy or a mere braggadocio, to show how completely a Yankee could set all the laws, customs, and usages of civilized nations at defiance. If he went as a spy, it is to be re gretted that he escaped with so little damage. If he went as a braggadocio, we cannot but feel rejoiced at seeing the bully meet with the sound thrashing which it seemed was administered by the Portuguese to "Brother Jonathan" in the present instance. It was "richly deserved, and well laid on."—En. Sun.] ANOTHER TREMENDOUS TIRE AT GRAVESEND.-FORTY HOUSES CON- SUMED-REPORTED LOSS OF LIFE. Shortly after twelve o'clock last night, or rather this morning, the town of Gravesend, which has of late years suffered severely from frequent fires, was, we regret to say, the scene of another calamity, the greater in magni tude, as regards the destruction of property, than any of the former, consuming no fewer than forty houses, and numerous other buildings to a very great extent. Singular to say, its locality is the same as the former fires. West-street extending along the water side from near the Town Pier to the Rosherville Gardens, and it is supposed that at least half of the street, with the houses on each side is laid in ruins, including several on the west side of High-street, and those bounding the courts at the back. From inquiries made it appears that about half-past 12 o'clock some watermen, who were at the Town Pier stairs waiting the arrival of a foreign steamer, observed a body of smoke hovering over the premises occupied by Mr. Garretcs, tea-dealer, adjacent to the Pier Hotel, at the corner of West-street. Not having seen anything of the kind before—their duty at the stairs being almost nightly—they suspected all was not right, and deter mined to arouse the inmates. Before however they could accomplish this,the flames burst forth from the back premises with such violence as to light up the whole town and the opposite shore, creating a general alarm. The inmates having been got out in safety, steps were taken to bring the Corporation engines, which were soon on the spot, into operation ; but this for a time was im practicable, owing to the defective state of the water mains and the inefficiency of those placed in charge of them. The result was that the fire, which might have been confined to the back premises with the aid of one engine, extended itself to the buildings on each side, hence the destruction commenced with frightful rapidity, sweeping every house in that portion of West-street at the north east corner to the water-side. The Mayor and most of the Town Council arrived within a quarter of an hour after the discovery, by which period at least four houses on the west side ot the street were in flames from the basement to the roof, and the houses on the opposite side were igniting. The excitement at this juncture had increased to a most painful extent, it being too evident that a vast number of the surrounding build ings would fall a sacrifice, if some stringent measures were not adopted. The engines had been got to work, but not effectively. The consequence was, that an order was given for the engines stationed at Dartford and Northfleet to be sent for, and expresses were accordingly dispatched. The military at Tilbury Fort had been previously mustered by the commanding officer of that fortress, who, with every promptitude forwarded them to the assis tance of the townspeople, and it is but justice to observe, the men, throughout the trying occasion, ex erted themselves in a most energetic manner for the preservation of property. Their efforts, however, were of little avail in stopping the career of the conflagration, for at least four hours the wind, which was blowing a violent gale, completely baffling their operations, and increased the magnitude of the fire to a frightful de gree. The scene, by four o'clock, was most awful, the flames had crossed the street , a nd seven or eight houses were in flames, beside the whole of the premises from the Town-pier to considerably below the Talbot Inn, which was also amongst the number. From the south side of West street the tire raged upwards in the direction of the centre of the town, destroying in its course a great nnmber of low dwelling-houses in the various courts. These were principally tenanted by poor fishermen, hawkers, labourers, &c., and the distress th a t ensued amongst them in their endeavours to save their lives and their trifling chattles, was of the most poignant character. In one court their was no thorough fare, except from the approach in West-street, and that was stopped by the dense body of fire. The greatest sensation was entertained for the safety of the poor creatures who tenanted it. The police and soldiers, however, bravely exposed themselves towards rescuing them, and which they succeeded in, by dragging them in at the back windows of the adjacent houses. From their excited state, and the dense suffocating character of the smoke, it is impossible to say whether the whole of them were saved. On this point there are many doubts, three parties, up to the period of the account leaving, being missing. In addition to the Gravesend engines, several from Chatham and Dartford were brought to play in the most available positions. The checking of the fire in the direction It woks extending, towards the - - lINI. , a••••••............. mi••••••• 1 . t ifr the e valuable portion of the town in Iligh-stree ~ ~ Ow principal object of the firemen and autir.rlLl oei ing to the houses on the west side of Iligb i r t e ng composed principally of wood, this was a 03 , 00 of much time and labour, and it was only bY th e fr o expert movement of the troops that rescued thent,o,4 destructi, n. The fury of then onflagration a th . e I ", part of West-street still pdominated, creatinp creased dismay and terror to those assembled ; I ' o ° o o9 any check effected until near seven o'clock this te o of At this time, however (teu o'clock), en iramen, 1 of fire existed in every part of the ruins, the...o still continuing labouring to accomplish the r of the flames. were The principal portion of the houses that were_ j t e. on the site of the fire in West-street are consewt;;;lo gether with both sides of the street from gig: 1 ° 00 11 King-street. Amongst the buildings destroy 1300 mention the Pier Hotel, Talbot Inn, punch vern, and also the intermediate wharfs and IMO& to With respect to the origin, there is everr,re.o74,d ll suppose that a strict investigation will be! nsl ° , l o 0 1 1, the corporation. Suspicions are entertaineoef,ool origin is not the result of accident,. The eh i go bsoll 6 the property is insured in the Sun, Pbco is, Licensed Victuallers, and Kent Fire offic es ': te eal, lit e i Immediately on the intelligence arriving I°,,igettcti Braidwood, the superintendent of the brigade, r i id o a number of his men to the fire to render au assistance. ---"" -----•'.------ <Oll5O MONEY and COMMERCIAL ' 0 TO r lifl or/ CITY, QUARTER - . yrsi .. The Cotton Market at Liverpool yestercto sr!: quiet. Sales 3,500 bales, all to the trade. ..'2:„. Or without alteration, but there was a good choice' steady, with a fair business doing. _ f t io 0 1 , The agitation in favour of are ductiownoooooo, upon teas has been fairly, and, as yet,t ~,, °PI m e successfully commenced. The it merce of Liverpool, of Manchester, end e` Ae f o tben i , up and stirring in the good cause. Tbe tow 0 7, 4 of London seem be somewhat lukewarm 0.0,,,,,v, ject. Howeverthere can be little doubt but Lose vigorous appeal will be made, in and out of P.' 0 I. to obtain the great object in view. ' t S of a ion ot e op ,o o o 4 It appears that a great diversity.of opt. the accuracy of the information gra 11 , 1 4 6 o f 0010 1 a morning paper, that an Atnencan altioestetwport been fired into from the forts at Oporto, so much injured, that she was towed into a i teir Ao for repairs. Girdai eiW O II I e° It was stated in the the City late yo- 0 0 0 0 that an inquiry into further frauds tiroded 0;0' was in progress. In a printed slip _.. 0 foo facts are thus given. NV'e know they ow 11 11 spectable and well-inforrned source v-: A before be il "In the course of evidence adlacroviot,_4oo late Government mission o_ l _,, h t est t c ` t yit at G wyder House, it traelPirment ei 0 wharfingers had, for r the advollee 0 1 0 0 g ode!, peculiar business or otherwise, these chei,, practice of delivering goo ds .I. in i e tbe I sl/u3 c °°‘.l bond, to the merchant, withou t et S uite ot , duty, giving him credit until it ra, might coal 00 Eninentreye,,,teanpdass this the te n n oe fcescseercoymniolid:Lotikhleesreteltociter. extended to years. The system of P`tivoeit Of.gi sued by the Customs' officers does o °___ a ff o rds f! ofeiri taking at certain periods , and therefo7o, o f t bil reo na. to such irregularities. In the would firs t t n l ne to tilt I 10 1) . it would appear that the injUrY u", interest'49o. simply amount to the loos °,l'estructioe.tlio lb: capital thus detained; but should e we (and I gt .g bic,b s td bonded warehouses by fire take PL7nrred in - 0 Ohl last few years two instances have 0:;; - the Crolo l,, bpereemxipsoessehdatvoeabeveenrytotally destroY eu t frlia d ' et i r il l ril large a mount 0 • e Pv i 0 possibility of detecting the gui lt Y Pl : t ti heir 010..401 I# ll a ca ll se go t p e t cß r o ea i e u r f trifle, kt ohdesaduetshtorroiytieeds bwyousoldchroccelinicleuots4 torsbloo, ii.;,04 ks. 11114" Wer e 'lO apparent on the face of their boo- • ( aloe Ael A which had illegally passed into conseteribe pei r 'oo ! do r / those consumed in the conflagrsti°„/I; of O bi t: 0 01° ' wtheeredomtieerse,lyweohoeldatbinegotelresGsioseteerrwernoe" ali ke '''"- _ l a of the duties altogether." 0;00 The information connected Wi th rii-Le oblieloV no PI CAP Ar has had an unfavourable influence er ton o, tor tilla 0 to-day, combined with other eireirosliis, etiaorolobeigoP-ret transfer have dropped from 04 ! se.t f snh r at o ters m e.pk 9 . 4-1 to 94g. EXchequer-rosept. (vo ter lc Reduced;re likewisem ium somewhat and.being a t t e l 19. . Tyree' e t oPiitioo. ti i i r: 0 vao 0 00 ois firm at 206. " ,faitogbere(lolLl et Portuguese Three per Cents. 1111'"".lite Veri X 0 18 i 1 38 , being a slight improvenzeut 0 0 e rto , 0 , 0 fi x Spanish Stock is also rather niOre. e r CA D T, 017:. 11 , 01 4 Cents. are at 25k, and the Tre- v o ice ti , so Austrian Bonds have realised 1 08. _.e CO di Brazilian, 84. Half per Cents, 55q. The re a r ' o tO‘ letli elbi The Railway Share ar e . -.4 0 , bt ,..- lo re co o A unanimous wish having bee- r e P•l'lePtifr---4eteirweli° M kt is ° t oad/ e l oe d Si' several influential shareholders in the !l i ef e l lal 4 , Pally, to present Mr. William Ch s " 00 vibe o 'We', of f onial as an expression of the deditirosel 0 0 0 ; 0' that h his services in conducting, as eh , issasiorri i , °°ll ,, ° has u been appointed for pride d company, to soprose er°l2s %se% % I eifec;so l? ale views and wishes of the shareb co ol l -A testimonial, we understand, is ta O'C iPv' cent liit3u s l e a:n r : v kr6 i plate,c csii e teon o let f .k.o N s I . j i s ° l6 3 per Cent. Re(dFu.rc.oe. THIS DA :` OA) 6 Melia . 1 0 t New 3 t,i pe . r .C. C .o `in s t o . lni.cis A .AnliAni...... n h n ev's u ll : ilt-i.e6;asi re lt.: 9995459 : 1414 Long p Annuities, Jan. stb, g• S , P a I 19 59 ' . 9 4 /r de e. 30 Years, Expire Oct.'" ... 0' i thti• / it., Consols for Account ................. l - 11 .., r Exchequer 11 ,;I - Ø. I RICE OF ...... .. .... .. ........ ii i: it / ,, ,,s, D Cl s it7 o l S , m - F a i 11 i 1 i T.... E .... i . G .... 5 ............................................................ Y : 1 : 6 4 05 ,„ (1G1'w Austrian Bonds, s per Lg .- Ti c . ..1;4'9 n/, Brazilian Bonds, 5 per ve-1.41.0-- gi r. Ditto New Bonds, 182 ; Celt* ..... Mexican Bonds, 184 6, 5 cent' e: .... 36 Portuguese Bonds, 5 P er 7... e. 2 5 , Ditto Converted •••• .... ig4e..' b Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent" ..... . Ditto Passive Bondi ............... 3 1 Ditto 3 per Cent... ............... • ta loa' Ditto for tbe Account 0. .. :pie ill Pis Dividends on the above 0 - . .„..0 o g 0 Belgian_ 2% per Cent. •••"' ..... 91 . 0 , 6 1, ou p tc it h to 2 l / 24 ppeerrcCeenntt.s ciertiosicisiescoek ok ~ BUSINESS DONE IN RAILIir.A. " AberdeenArmagh, ec 0 t '''' to / t o. . a t. I I L ei r w n g a l . :E e l .1, , .m... ...................... AL B i3 i e r l m fas in t g au ha d m C a o upd°leill..r... .. 4 .245 " °I : : : ' 6 ''' 9::.. . .. .. to II"( n u d nti Birmingham aandnGl;olosutioc'ensrt':llr:ll2ovra:::!:%::: ...... ''."---:4 4 .................. tt: E b' ~,•0 ..... • t o Do. New (iss. at 7% ills. 1 0 uTh ... ,..... - .. to -, Birmingham & Oxford June... - b ' Birkenhead, Lancashire, and , 0 ., .• •" to / Cheshire Junction. .' . -311.....' ..... . :... t° / Boston, Stamf, , & Bi;ming...... 220. • ..... ..• " .... 4e o 0 Bristol and Exeter -** .75 ..... . •"' .‘" t- / Do., New ............... . ......... e ...... 0 1 / 4 ....' to , Bristol and Gloucester., .. ..... 30, 4 ...... ..-- ~...t ot °4 4 Bristol and Liverpool Yunc 7. .... " • % / Buckinghamshire ....•••• ... 84-e• ...... g 4) ''. t ° / Caledonian ........ .. ............... : .. 25 ...... gA.,.... to c hDCambrianu C hester r it n t e o t , a a -1- i n n d aa d ni I fd ß l o S l G 3 l h y t ra h a l i rn e e e la ds l( . l j: ::: l : . .. 13 . : 7. 5 . : t . ......... 4 2 22147,3" ... .: ....... ..... 2 i i 31 ' .;:: ~••' to / it:: /// 2 ...... ...... 0 0° 0 ~, Chester and Manchester .••••• 42e. • ..... ,„„.. . ..... to / Cheltenham and Oxford ......... '''.. "" ..." t 0 / Clydesdale Junction .............. 0 o' .... "'.; t ii „ / Cork, Blackrock, & Passages 22e. ~ •••"' .... '. 0 / Cork and Killarne) ........... 21/s"".. .... ".....„ / eC o o r r n k w a a n i d i \\:.a..t.e.r ................................. 6 1 4 4 ............ ....... : .. .1: r ig // Ditto, Half Sha.r.es ......... 2 1 ....... ....• ta Cornwall and Central Devon 2 5 ? ..... ••••• ' / Derby and Crewe.. ............ 2 ....... to / .••• ... . 1 . 4 t ° Direct Lincoln, East Betford, 24 ..... •sr ~ / and Sheffield JU1C1Ct 1013...... . .... . , Direct Northern ....... - ..... 2 1 / 2 ••••" ..... i f .. to/ / Direct Norwich ............••••• 1 .... 574. ' ‘ ...... / Dublin and Belfast Junction.. 121/2 ...... „... 0 '. to / Dublin, Belfast, & Coleraine 2 1 h ..... 0•• ".:.‘ to 0 Dublin and Galway ............ 4 ""*....• "- .°. to / Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 1 ° ...... 2 2 ..# ''' Eastern Counties ..... -.....141. les ....... 754 p : to / Do. New •. .............. 12/. 1600! . „,.. •• ..... to / Do. Perpet., 5 per ct. .... 1,6/. 13s. , 1 1 "" ~....., .. „.° , 0 / do. ..... . ......... N 0.2,61. 1 35 . •""' 0 7. ::, t . .. / Do., York Extension .•••h East Dereham and Norwic 1 ...... --- „ ea t° Eastern Union ............ .. .. 3 5 ., ...... --- .. ..... :", / Ditto, Quarter Shares ...... 13 '" ...... --- ... ' / Do. Extension to Harwich 1; ; S ...... .-- ... .. to 10 Do. Cambridge and Ely ... 2% ..... ~... • ''' to /jll, East Lancashire ............... 14 ... 9%0• .... to s Ditto, New ... ......... ...• • 6 ..... ".. ' I; .. t° / Do. (ate Preston &Ormsk.) 21e•"'" 1 .. ts 16 EastLincolnshire ............ ... 1 ,7 4 ..... •••",/..... t i t o P / East and West of England... 1 71 ...... 757," .1.. "" / Edinburgh and Glasgow ..... 50 ... ~ .0/ to / Ditto, Half Shares ......... 10 •• ••• , ..... to / Ditto, Quarter Shares ...... 121 ....... 0 ..... to / Edinburgh and Northern ... 12h•"" . O. / Edinburgh and Perth ......... a, ...... j.." 12% , t- / Ely and Huntingdon •.. ...... 12•/0•••" .0., l'F' . 0 / Enniskillen and Sligo ...... ... 21 ...... 3Y ** 4° / Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorchester 5A ...... ~,„„ .... 0 Glasgow, Kilmarnock, & Ayr 50 ••••••• ..,. .. 0 ' to Ditto, New .................. 15. , ...... ...,„ ~ 0' , Do. 14 Shares (5 per ct. gua.) 12% ••••• 0 / Glouc.,Aberystwith,and Ca. . i , .- ••• fi. to / of Wales ..................... 178 •••" X P'' . to / Goole,Doncaster,Shetlid., kc 429: ...... , o. ° to / Grand Union (Nutt. & Lyrali q t ...... .... ~... / Great Eastern and Western... 2 1 /s .... ...„. .•••••• 0 / Great Grimsby and Sheffield 10 ...... , .. • ... to / Gt. South. & West. (Ireland) 27 1 ...... , ..... 'to / Great Munster ............... ... 2/2 ...... ...,,, to , Great North of Scotland ...... 2 1 / 2 ••"" „,.. o' s to / Great North of England ...... 100 •••••• ~.„, ..... t o j Ditto, New.. ................ .. 5 ...... ..., 0"'to '/ Ditto, New ..................... 15. ,••• •• _... ..." to ~ Ditto, New.. .................. lye. ..... _ ...... , 0 ~ Great Western .................. 85 ...... 87 ...... to Ditto, Half Shares ............ 50 ...... 1914.0." to Ditto, Quarter Shares ...... 10 ...... , ...... to / / Ditto, Fifths .................. 20 ...... ..... . ..... to Do. Nevr ....... ~ ........... 2 ...... .... ...". to '; Huddersfield and Manchester 13 ••••" ~. ..."' to , Ditto, Extension ............ 3 ...... 1 0 ..• " 0 Hull and Selby .................. 50 ..... ..... ...::: to •/./ Ditto, Quarter Shares ..... - 12 1 / 4 ...... .O to / Ditto, Half Shares .......... 25 ..o°. 0..0" to Ipswich & Bury St. _Edmunds 11S ..... , 4 , 0 _ Do. do. and .Norwich ...... 2% . 6 9 ...... t o . 1 " ~. , Lancaster and Carlisle ....... -50 ...... it ~ to Leeds p ° aNnedwl3.7a-dro .... ....................... 3L i ................. ......... 754 , :" .. 1. .. ::- : .. t t°o . .., 5 Leeds and Carlisle ............ W Leicester and Birminghani... 225. ....... ..., .. •.' t o _ Leicester and Bedford ......... 225. •••• .. . 3 0,4 ... ... t p •." Leeds, Dwsbury, & Mancha& 2 2 ..... ityi.r.::4o e Ditto, Branch (Blue) ...... 1 ........ ••••.- '• Ditto, Es,tealiP (Greo)''