The Sun. — London, England, 1846-07-28 00:00:00

(London - orthwith and 13N nto consi lave been l a y pre"l ce that on Rateable )uld wove to mak e vied upon aluations, odlords be prOP °g" rate. week he to prevat vvorking to opo ,d lsr r morel re allowe the State rm for oo! vet cootu. an t tg " nol 4,0- • ct had / next ) 1 ' forra• 'f h er low es meallll could be , ri but which f PY o ; ton Grace ieo le re . ,o b‘' P be c 9" 9 at a ipl.-e the , ber t ba for ytoreto wo_ u ia o ro. to re led i f j o s re th 3 woo.: C h , s he; n of ‘_A P rei l 00' the s$ ~0 0 of Pr',, r ir Gov b7l o f ley 4 ass t% r pri• hp s es tO f tithe o t ~prii g et, ies nreS e " e r ato 05" be for B y °l el PuP'' X 56 fir .4i o e he t le a of der r te e Olt to ' tot In c de° t ----...„...............................a.,......aa5eeeeeer an d March in each of those eighteen years, and he fou nd and that the average price ot the six 3 cars whilst ``laverY was in taie did not exce. d 275. and ~tans ne"-ce per cent., whil st the average price- of the last tee y, 03 S 441°Unted tt) 375. per cwt. lie nail, ih. r. fore, stared the !Ilse fairly to the House The Noble Lord hail sta°,ed -chat 100.600 tens of suge:r could ho obt ii , ieJ feein the West a n I; but, . . Men a i,. ---. ..a5, that he (Ie rd tleerg e neearee) tu 1,"-a6"' was an over sane uine caleu l ation of the produce a" expected from that quarter. It had also be, n t st ated that large quantities of sugar would be had from it ° East Indies, but to that expectation he would reply at the i nhabitants of those territories were enormous turn t3n3u mers of sugar, and when it was cheap they Cf::ft ed the most of the produce, and 'scarcely ant of it t.s most to this c ountay.--(lfear, hear.) On the ',Orrery, when sugar was dear , tilts- all it to he ea. r a r d, l in considerable quats'atier e but net before. Now he W ase _t on the authority af Messrs. Allan and Duppa, the IT:l:merchants and sugar brokers of Calcutta, that in tion a ll f lirm "s e xr'snt of territory, comprising a popula afle ee On e b 'andred millions of inhabitants, when es. ,^ an " s - a n nt w eri as . '` .4 the price of eight rupees the inhabitants it t ea ., Asa ex ~, a , e s ely, but when it was 11 or 11, 1 2 - rupees it rterate of.,P its., and not betbre. This sle wed that the • a r e's regulated the amount of exportation. He tte. IL also on the authority of Messrs. Allan and V , PIPII t as well as some others he had conversed with on 1 tr. subject, that the n a ti ves o f t h e E ast had consumed ii e l l le ss, in s ome years, than 500,000 tons of sugar, but madt qtlantity in other years was reduer d by the price b the m and for it from thi s eountry. He was assured i/ se who were best ale l ie to giv e hi m an op i piop upon u e atiNeCt-thit there was every reason to - iippose that belt w ould Year the i mpartation of sue from the East Indies tear amount to 100.000 tons more than laq year.— pe e ) Sllch, indeed, was the abundance of the teicirett)it Reason that those why, had plsntations were es ._ Y their agents that the increased production of their k i ' ttr ea ;Above that of last 3 ear would be no less t: a•! 3 ye z !„,"ht , He had also other information on the subject 14 0 ,. w hich he gathered that several engi es of 242 b o - .7 e Povver, and 15 engines of more than :80 h rse - " e, were in the course of erection in a disl ict, which ..,e 41844 manufactured no sugar as . all. Atth s place thi s sugar manufactured last season war 2 000 t ins, but 9 ftYear the quantity was likely to be incised to t ru tons. Tea, was in a smell ',',istrict on the banks of Sect, But he had other informati II on the sub /tie); He was told thet there was a company called the who had just expended 70,0001. in iv i t e h a e st q r o p, :s l i a tr ci s u te C . l n o t o m d. , ll o 7 3 % engines for the manufacture of sugar ias. The next letter which he received cone e ''' Bt; The and was from a gentleman deli, with the East India House ; it wa uesi r A in a familiar strain, and the writer e; It • '" 1 that his name should be concealed d on P '"tts dated the 22d of May last. It state h ..1000/. he had cleared 1,300/. in a season ; hid built one tl ll l t t rstlear works, and was "well on" in a second. H i," al so ' le d four tons of sugar from an acre, -aich sva P s r a " n "' immense crop. He was informed that the native cane was no thicker than a man's finger ; *wh ile the O ta h etan cane was as thick as a man's arm. a nd was o f a superior description in all respects. _ I .n ie . Felt a ssure d that if protection were continued, an d i 'ulle e rtients given to th e B r iti s h p l anters, a great. 'deal more capital would be invested in the cul tivation of sugar before the expiration of five years, at which period it was proposed to reduce slave grown sugar to the level of British grown sugar ; betore the expiration of those five years the pro duction and exportation would be largely increased. -A letter from Mrtdras, whi, h he hal received from Messrs. Scott an,' Bell, the largest sugar bakers in Lon don, stated that there could he no doubt that the quantity of sugar this year from Madras would amount to 10,000 i . too B, and there was evera- 'probability that the sugar tr otll 11 11 d , a ras would next year be 15.000 tons; and, judg littgffi. efrunitmtothesapyr.oduction of the last three years, it was what quantity would be produced in L ure. He h ad stated on a former occasion that the P r oduce of the ?Mauritius this year was 46.000 tons, and n th wh at h ad not yet been shipped, it would amount tip 91,000 tons, It was no longer a matter of d ou bt th at ` 4 lle ll Bangiline expectations of those who counted th a t N slavery) was put an end to in the West Indies Ilk fr ee produ ce wou ld d ouble the amount Produced by It ~.4 1 had b een bitterly disappointed.—(H ea r, h ear ) eiti . wa s know n t h at the heat of the climate relaxed their le t i„Nies, and even the negroes themselves could not be s o t red to work by the large wages which were offered rttet,;,,, en l. He would submit to the House a comparative to t , - .'" ; e ot of the produce of sugar by 300 slaves in in t,"'"a, and the produee of sugar of 300 free labourers tettiiee Mauritius. the statement came from the different ~ 1 ,50 a 3 ,' The produce of the 300 slaves in Lousiana ws , \\\ ooh s , - 'C'ts. and th. produce of the free labourers was 5,000 Aio What ttri, ; ,._ with the . favourable climate and soil of the Z e rt,, r s, Oral its being so well - adapted for the cultiva - Ziatel e ' v as clear it could successfully compete with those Cte Itt , t t w ho were obliged to employ free-labour, and l e tera - 4' so well situated in respect to natural planters 0 41 a k_''t 'was not true that the West India ,2„ P dire," e altble to compete with the slave-labour of Cuba t " o e o W ei 8, and. therefore he maintained that the colonies . ar t y " 0 obligad to employ free-labour were e_ntitle'l_ L ti gio, tketion. In estimating the probable produce of L'e*.f'd'is In Friend (Lord John Russell) did not ...- eta ' s- th l state the quantity that might be expected tletilaie Mauritius. He calculated that 240,000 tons 5 .4 „5t, 4,, - .. 4 , iMported from the colonies, an 1 he expected t e '' ,o ,.' 4l what there was in bond, there would he sj,'''ll. ':;', fins of foreiirt slave-grown sugir. and 20.000 `lV4toijairree-grown sugar—making a total importation of 'ni t i, s ''''' As he had already stated, the price of th ta e t a c t ) ;- , Ilit 4. the East Indies. regulated the expwoars fromi • hi,. t ' s (l C aen then the freight to this country -a l int s° 61 - 10s. Now the sugars from Brazil and Cuba, he l e l a te lasti n e,fled could be imported for 30s. a ton, or at the I "tan ness , 105 , So that independept of the advantage of 4'te of ill of freightage, the Brazils and r Cuba had the silvan tisst s'la labour. It was, there ore, impossible that the iNd Ces Could compete with either Cuba or Br . azils. There %Nil ~,e0 doubt that the eff.ct of the free importation of e';',,nroi;" Cuba sugar would be to lower the p . rc . this Ad trim- of the British Colonies 6s. per ca t ~ andwith Ic ",hi s - ,,Ln Price it would not pay the British 'dente!. to o til f i t i l t liated'Zt t er, in a state of cultivation. His Noble Friend a e prey a. 280,000 tons would be required for the supply i t s'll a: 4l tohst ljear. Well, if they assumed that 180,000 tons al7es, a :;', from the West Indies, 100.001 from the East whre, 'ti 55,000 from Madras, the angregate woudmake ''" 111 2 000 But the greatest consumption t ad • * ilsi 80,- • only 246.000 tons, 4 1 , t t s country had experiened I" I N W " Perfectly absurd, with was th . e figures he had at: s od before them, to say they requiredto let in slave article for the t'eopi e e t flar ! to insure a proper supply of that It-41tit 14 ' this country. There was at the present moment e % th ce : s il to alt_ ,d of 71.000 . tons, which exceeded by about 10,00;1 thiaelett. the C . l / 1 hand in th . e corresp..nding period of last year. ilents w o e ut i c le b i e nerease i against the smaller amount, the state of t afe ws n et aware th same this year as they were last. l ett s l e th e ez t a h e a t t Y ther e e was such a want of our manufac e„ te aott ,,, markets of the West Indies, for, according to the s ,.`litet ure _! 4, s, it . appeared that they were glutted with the ma -eteeti 3 01 this country.—( Hear, hear.) They . had alread hi b t he natives of the West Indies by their manufactures, th I en e k 41 -euragine the trade of Birmingham, Manchester, anti ittatetetietoh.ttefa:zlg:Tsetr m ic: s s On the grounds that he had la' submit that his motion should be NO li a b le -1 1 ,a would now come _to the question of revenue. M I t , . Friend calculated that bhi scheme as contrasted 9 l et,.!'," of the Right Hon. Baronet, s the Ex- Chancellor of ee/4",equer, he should gain no less ai tha t n o 7 f 2s t , h s e 29! .by the di f- Right Hon .letnisnlabrt'weert his proposal and i f s Ro n ' .u ., Really he was quite at a a . loss to understand how He presumed that 1 15 1, -.Friend arrived at that conclusion . t o .4i n so Mlt Many tons of British plantation sugar at 1 . 4 . 1. per ello, would notproduce more than under the proposition of ~,,A Hon. e opposite. The effect of his Hon. teata.,"s measure would be that as slave-grown sugar was ad- Tor e i e n ,_,' at a lower rate of duty it would take the place of free th e -6. j. sugar. Qn these grounds, therefore, he was against the Pol i cy which was proposed. There was no just ground fer 4„, a teration in the sugar duties. Above all, in the last week of tati'l, era on half the members of the Huse of Commons it % ,,,gone out of town, it was not proper to bring forward such h e aeePing proposition. He had already shown that he had ' n ro ' e stre to embarrass the Government.—( Hear, hear.) The h 1t ,. 1) " uld_not be increased at present, 5 ,.. 0 go 7 - t ee pockets of the traziliark insteaddierChantsof into those the English consumer. He had many communications . -r°l a oval engaged in the trade, which stated that they who . were rieh now, should these measures paS3, would be i n , wvverished in a month. • He considered, therefore, that there 141 .,„ftbt to be some justice — some mercy—shown which coulc not to be es re e e:lM, *thy h a d made e ag me t qlsting to the fai n :h e n a nd ho nour of the Parliament. He re- Oternbered that his Hon. Fr iend the Member for Sunderland observed, that things were coming to such a pass that no ma n ' s property was safe.—(Hear, he ar .) He conjured them, therefore, to be careful over the interests of those Who had trusted them. 5 r it'ss on, in 1831, oppos e d th e taaar question as brought ii-, II b u ith l e then Chancellor of the ~xchequer. He (Lord George Bentinck) supported Mr. quakisso n in that opposition, but . he was defeated. He was ~,,ataistent in opposition, and he did th n e n E t n wish embarrass the elis h o people now to Zit jernment. The wouldquhesetionfor have sugar two-thirds of a i:11 ~ ;I v e ' s a s s in w e b ve 'e r th y e ; ' )ou t nd y with slavery, or sugar two-thirds . of ,to peon dearer with freedom. They would not hesitate ebt a gee ttle• The question was well put by the Ho.nour ' k t - a - Dl The for Cork—" Take a larger loaf with a ti . ,," a E ' r 'a curse " and he would ask were the people of England ' he i , -- ; ,ef their exertions in the cause of freedom ?—( Hear, eee', ) bid the re ent the 20,000,000/. which they paid to t aZi - "e negr y oes? He had never heard that such was the aiiim Were the people o f E ng l an d aware that they main ,a/r t t 4/ 41 0 men and 7ao guns to put d own t h e i n f amous 9 ' the t'', e? The Noble Lord then gave a frightful account a gar, ai, e , 4 t , nent of slaves employed in the manufacture of ,^, of ,),"'‘ 844 1 that Mr. Buxton, when speaking, s!xteen year d .. .00 00 0 •"e infernal traffic in slaves, stated that it consumi- , f Pe I • ye ar , and that Lord Aberdeen, /mn ial _ e „ tee ns i , one _ n u ' 14 th e A aab ~ or si Year 1844, stated that in his opinion the average - llie r i e . eves imported from Africa the Coast of South . 1 4 11 ° 0.(47 a nd the Spanish West Ind i es,. was not less than a- ear a bode a 3' . . He asked whether it was right that we atitebee .ontinue to suffer the natives of Africa to be the stead and lashed to death for the purpose of enabling 44 pen st Lana planters to amass splendid fortunes?—( Hear ) ' l s tl . stie e, 9 l : 'ff Englaud wished to obtain their foo a d r • s wi l t e b t ou th t in tat ,they were then to have the su h g , t ate a., -ni ne the sugars in the remembrance t at the blood of etli e ;itre had been shed to obtain it.—(Cheers.) He did not 2 0,04 there was a man in England who grudged the 'ad h' ° _,°O. l. he had lid for the emancipation of . t . e slave , e : , i hiel tt e b ld not believe P they cared for the half-million . mo Fit ,1%,.., eountry had to pay annually for the suppression of et...ie.-trade. It seemed to him that the arguments brought . 11 84 Ys, Tl'lvvre nothing more than the old argument,a m ehere it may well be ~ki .: tt..d f _ e ar_e to be hanged for a lamb, Pe ple _.!!..astrep—(Laughter and c . heers)— we hat because the 14 to ( 1, 1 ,7 .t- 74 1e and have made the sacrifice, the; would continue hats.ha" 20,00 0 000/. had been paid during the last twelve 214,000,000 e besides, and half a million more every had the suppression of the slave-trade. H es e t a a tre sted that the mighty sacrifice which they taißh • ", Zde, and which they wished to continue to make, %ith the e accepted, and might be recorded above, side by sine c ' t the eo id evs's mite, as the offering—the free-will offering— % .. , 3 °CO t t hlittie this of generous warm-hearted Englishmen, who ,hra ti . e great the virtuous, the religious, and the mhal ~.-0 p.,aple whc: inhabit the British Isles. (The Noble t ae pta!,slhaed his seat amid loud and prolonge.: cheering from has t,eu\eletiotist benches,) • ' ' "LE LLD then moved the resolution of which he Thetaan notice. ' ~. the.rh„relititio,...n having been read from the chair, . on., Ita,,,Prege w. " o . , s 4 A k - ; LLOR of the EXCHEQUER . said that, t _ e wog ki, trieral4ttthe Noble Lord deserved sincerity for the 'lt -.44wararittis Luctoct hind la 4 taloa la woul4 propose to follow, which was the supply of sugar and the effect upon the slave trade by the introduction into this country of save-grown sugar. The Noble Led had traced the history of the sugar ques , .ion in all its details in a manner which he could not undertake to equal. He stated that when the East and West India colonies were not sufficient , o supply the country, he and his colleagues had opened fresh ports, and he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) hoped to show to the House that all the consideration which induced the Government to introduce foreign Tree-14.bout sugar into the ports existed at the present period. In 1843, the consumption of sugar was less than in 1841. The ennstitiip , - tion of last year over that of 1843 was 3%000 Whs. The price et this ilAothent is higher by 4t. per Cwt. than in June last, and the avenge of three pheertling'inentbs was bs. 3d. higher than the preceding quarter. Mr. Gladstone had estimated the con sumption of free labour sugar at 20,000 tOps, whereas the whale, in fact, instead of 20,000 was under 4,000 tons. Last quarter the consumption of free labour sugar had been only• 118 ions, and in the five quarers preceding it had been only 4,113 tons instead of 20,000 tons. The amount of revenue from tree labour sugar produced, ending sth April last, was 45,000. less than was est mated in the preceding year. He believed that if the price of sugar was low, it was almost im possible to place a limit on the consumption of that article. The quantity of sugar consumed had a:ways varied with the price of sugar. The following table will show the effect of the prices upon the consumption:— In the year Price. 840 - ...... 48s. Od. Con.umption per head. 151bs. 11345 201bs. 1846 1846. 30th June, 365. 94d. f considerably less. The great body of the people of this country consumed a con siderabSe quantity less than could he supposed. If every individual in this country were to consume 20lbs. per head, the epnsump tion would be considerably greater than stated to be by the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn. The total coesun ption in this country for the year ending April 5. 1846, was 252,000 tons. He (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) had taken great pains to find out the amount of sugar likely to be im ported the highest amount he had received was 255,000 tons He had received other estimates, such as 250,000 ions, 225,000 tons, 230,000 tons ; and the estimate he had received from an Antwerp merchant was 220,000 tons. The Noble Lord the Member for Lynn had said, that 240,000 tons would be im ported from the East Indies ; for the comfort of the West India growers, he would say, that he did not think it at all possible that such a quantity could be produced from the East Indies. He, therefore, now showed that they could not look to the East Indies for a supply, for the price of that sugar would be as high, if not higher, than the present prices. With regard to free-labour sugar, the highest estimate of the importation into this country was 20,00 tons, but he thought the amount nearest the ti uth was 15,030 tons. The amount imported last year was only 4,000 tons. It was well known that the greater part of the sugar from Java went into the Dutch market. But taking the whole supply at 12.000 tons, the largest amount of colonial and free labour sugar would not exceed 250,1:00 tons. What their can gumption would be next year he could not say, but his opinion was, that if a larger supply were afforded to the people of this country at a lower price, there would be a greater consumption than at present. It was computed by all acquainted with the sulijt c• that the price should be 455. per cwt. to give a con • suielition. That quality of sugar was at present 50s. in the market. His Noble Friend said a good deal about the rise of foreign slave-grown sugar. It had already risen in the Con tinental markets, party owing to the deficiency of the crop and partly owing to the anticipation of having the privileges of importing it into this country. But latterly it had fallen, even since these measures were announced ; and he thought it very unlikely that it would rise to any great extent. ( The Right Hon Gentleman here read two letters from commercial firms, to show that. 21s. was an amount of duty which would allow a large quantity to come in. and bring down the price to such a rate as to allow it to come into general consumption.) This duty would net only, continued the Right Hon. Gentleman, bring in a larger supply, but also reduce the price. The increase of consump tion last year was 42,000 tons ; and why they should not look to a consumption proportionably great this year he could not see. He bad now shown that the estimates of the Nobl. Lord, as to supply, were too large, and his estimate of the consumption ton small ; and he had also shown that by fixing the duties at the rate of the proposed measure. a proportionate increase in the consumption might be expected. He would now speak of the question of revenue. The state of the revenue up to the present year was prosperous, but he was afraid they could not look so sanguinely to the future. He was sorry to see by a circular from Manchester that stagnation in the trade prevailed to a very great extent. His Hon. Friend said on a former occasion that he would wish to know what the income and expenditure of the years 1847 and 1848 would be, presuming this measure was in full operation. He (the Chancellor of the Excheciuer) stated that. deducting the China money from the i ncome o f t hi s year, th remainder would be 50,950,000/. and de ducting from the expenditure of this tear an item which might not occur again, an item of 200,000., the income would be 50,673,0001. at the present moment. But, adding to that, the expenditure necessary for the maintenance of the fresh constabulary, namely, 175,0001„ and adding 283,000'. for purposes of a similar nature--adding one half-year' , expenditure for the maintenance of the Poor-law establish ments and officers in the country ; also one half-year's ex penditure for the prosecution of prisoners, and for their main tenance when convicted ,for which purpose one half year's expenditure only had been voted in the esti e mates for this year, and for which it would be ne cessary to vote a whole year's estimate) supposing that the expenditure would be the same as it was estimated by the Right Hon. Gentleman , opposite, there would be added ti next year's estimates 628,5001., making in all a permanent expenditure of 51,302,0001., and leaving, supposing the income and expenditure to be made as he had stated, a defi ciency of 352 0001. That being solved the House would see how necessary it was that from some source or another addi tional means of income should come. He did not see in the course of the past sessions any such prospect of reduction ce expenditure as would justify the cabinet in believing that it would not be necessary to provide additional resources. Let them look at the estimates. Let them compare the estimates of the last ten years, from the year 1835 to 1845, and they were not es irnates prepared by any gentleman on that side 0,, the Hous. He took the year 1845, because it excluded any in crease maJethie year. and which the Hun. Member for Coventry seemed inclined to put demi for next year. Let them compare the expenditure of 1845, and they would find in the charges on the consolidated fund, that other duties had increased 492,000/. The expenditure of the army, the expenditure of the navy, and the ordnance had increased 4,700,1 , 001 The increase on miscellaneous services had been 582,0001., so that the whole increase between 1835 and 1845 had been no les than 5,081,0001. He confessed that he did not see any disposi lion or tendency in the estimates of the present year te reduce that expenditure, especially with reference to the ermy. He did not think that, when they considered the hardships of the colonial service for our soldiery, the in crea-e of our colonies, and the necessity of providing means of defence for China and Nes Zealand, that they could set any probability, with justice to the soldiery, of diminishing the numbers of the army, which was at present exposed to ser vice such as no other army in Europe was enduring.—( Hear. He did not think, in common justice to the soldiers, and the maintenance of protection to :he colonies, that he could sug gest any reduction of the standing force of the country. Tie, Hon. Gentleman, the :Member; for Tavistock, wished to put down corporal punishment, and another Hon. Member sale that it would be necessary to increase the pay of the army ; antl there were various other means of expenditure suggested. which rendered it impossible to reduce the expenditure of the military establishment. It was impossible to reduce the expen diture ceused by the steam-vessels, and other classes of ships with which it ha s-been thought necessary to increase the navy, and which caused additional expense. An Hon. and Gallant Member was anxious to increase the provision for worn-out officers; it might be necessary to increase the pay for active service in the navy—the new ordnance and the improvements in gunnery required a large expenditure, as it was necessary to have very heavy guns. A large amount of expenditure might, before long, be incurred in providing harbours of re fuge for the steam-vessels which had been lately built. He had been in hopes that more had been done than he hae found executed, though he knew that there had been great obstacles in the way of improvement. It would be absurd ti, attempt to conceal from the House the necessity of consi derable expenditure upon that head. In the fortification of the coast and the colonies the introduction of steam navigation had ir volved the necessity of a great expense, for they were no longer safe as they were before from- sudden attack, and it was, therefore, necessary that the forces of this country should be put in a state to repel invasion. He did not exactly mean invasion, but those inroads and attacks to which it was impossible for this country to submit and which it would be impossible to repel without taking proper means of fortification. He had come to the miscellaneous estimates. The increase in them was of such a nature that he was sure that the House would be willing to pay the tax required for the purpose. There were many other subjects of improvement pressed on by various Memhers of that House, involving the necessity of an increased expendittire under that' head. There was one subject which weighed very heavily on his mind, and that was the necessity of providing in some way, for secondary p un i s h men t i n this country. Th e ev il s an d expense arising from transportation nothing of had alread the y m been full but hy entered into, and he would say ; e thought that in some way it seas necessary to provide for the inflicting of secondary punishment, and that could not be done effectually without a large expenditure. Under all those heads be was afraid that they must look forward to an in creased expenditure — a t any rate they could not look for any reduction, but ra th er t o an i ncrease, for which it was absolutely necessary to provide adequate sums. Mr. Gladstone, when his Noble Friend brought forward his resolution against the re duction of duty on sugar, paid that he was at a loss to conceive what his Noble Friend could say, rendering it likely that the In come Tax could be removed, or that any measure could be suggested to avoid its renewal. He (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) thought that his Friend showed no very extra ordinary foresight in saying that he did not think it probable that the Income Tax could be removed at the end of three years. It was said a year and-a-half ago, that it could be re moved, and in the second year there was a surplus of some 3(10,0001 , and now, he was sorry to say, that even with its continuance, a deficiency of 350,t 00/. was to be apprehended ; and therefore his Friend was justified in saying that the pro bability of its being taken off was small. He did not know how far the resources of the country might go ; or how far, under the increased development of industry which would be occasioned by measures which had passed this sessions. they would progress, he did not pretend to say ; but this he said, that looking to the present state of the revenue and expenditure—to entertain any view, however distant, of removing the Income Tax—to indulge its that hope. it was most essentially necessary to increase the sources from which the income of the country was derived, in order to maintain the credit of the country for the payment of her debts 'to those establishments necessary for her honour and her name. He did not know if he should make any further statement on the sugar question, because he depended on an increased con sumption of sugar. Let them take 240,000 tons at 14'. per cwt. duty, and that would give 3,460,000/. ; and if they gave 15,000 tons for free-labour at 21s. per cwt.. it would give an addition of 315,000/., making 3.775,000/. That would, however, only be 255,000 tons of sugar ; but be hoped to get 209,000 tons of slave-grown sugar, which would raise the sum to 4,195,000 i. If, as be was inclined to hope, they would have a supply of slave-grown sugar beyond all the colonial supply, of 30.000 tons, and wh ch he believed they might have, they should have an income of 4.405,0001. He hoped ha had now disposed of the two first branches of his Noble Friend's argument, and .ho would pto ceed to the est, which bad reference to the raising ' and • couragement of slave grown sugar, and which his Friena had stated with so much pathos. It was to increase the consumption of sugar, and to benefit the revenue, that it was expedient to adopt the measures proposed by her Majesty's Government, and he did not think that they would have obtained either of these objects if they had not gone so far as they had done. It would not only provide as large a supply as the sugar pro ducing world could afford, but it w ou ld produce as H a e s er, any he o e t r h . e ) r mesasounfee thgaetnuceomuelnd b r e o e d l o u n e i e e d s th av e d du t t o ies la tu g. i p Os e . r large an incre_ase ( did not think (and -he e e a rd cwt.wi p s r he wished thated on th . e they producecould ef have the p with him) that under th e t c r w u t :ted on tht s a l w ould have been justified i n avteh-egroHwonusesuwgoauir.d agflreee present state of the revenue they running so great a ris k as that. He did n ot be li e v e that duty, there was then sugar enough to create , at 108 any thing like the revenue he anticipated from the present ateelire. The thille , 170414 tgiOneri dome whoa,* in. TVIE SUN, LONDON, TITESnAY FAVVNING, JrLy 28, 1846. creased supply of sugar to this country would render it im- would reimburse them for their capital. It had been said that possible again to reduce the duties on sugar, but. in the presen evening, that if they refused this measure they deprived the state of • htngs it 'could be madness to attempt to go beyond poor man of those luxuries which were almost necessaries of what they had already done. His Noble Friend then came life. " Deprive him of the luxurie s " were eords too poetical to the lest topic, the encouragement of the slave-trade. It ifor the Chancellor of the Exchequer. He said it would not was impossible not to admire and respect the opinions which i deprive any poor man of a single half-ounce of sugar; whereas he gave on the s ubj ect ; never th e l ess , h arrow i ng as were the I the adoption of the mea sure wou l d t i nge h i s morn i ng an d hi s deseriptiens of the s!ave trade Si now carried tin, and the treats evening meal with blonea— (Laughter. ) The measure encou tont they received, its Cteha, they had failee In showing that the raged elaecry, and he saw no reason why he should adopt it— why, if he rould not do all th e goo d h e d es i re d to do, he should present tn e e e tt r e te r e e d to protente t h e s l a v es -t ra d es — s till m ere had they failed to slime that the free-labour rligar could be do all the evil which his neighbour might wish him to do. brought at all to ecinpete with it. His Noble Frietid, anxious From the statement of his Noble Friend the Member for that he should clear hiniself from the imputation of emote. Lynn, with regard to the horrors of the slave trade, the raging the slave trade, had refused to sanction such a measure House would draw its own conclusions. Slave-traders' vessels as the present. His Noble Friend abstained from the use of carry larger cargoes now than they did previous to the eman sugar grown by slaves, but yet he did not deny himself the use cipation. One American slaver had lately carried 1,500. of other articles which were raised by slates. How he drew The Carolina landed 976 in Brazil, while another vessel had the distinction he ( the Chancellor of the Exchequer) did not made three voyages in thirteen months, landing in the Brazils pretend to say, but he knew that the produce of slave l a bour 1,820 slaves in the thirteen months. When they considered was used to a co nsi d era bl e ex t en t i n th a t H ouse , an d y e t they that the first cost of these slaves was from eight to eighteen opposed the present measure in order to escape the charge of dollars, while when they were landed in the Brazils they using slave-grown goods. Copper, cotton, and o th er ar ti c les sold for 301, they could not wonder that the trade was were slav e p ro d uce , an d t h e y were ex t ens i ve ly use d. He carried on by men who neither loved their God nor feared could show that in no way whatever was greater cruelty in- their fellow man.—( Hear, hear.) But were they, without flirted on the -laves t h an i n t h e p ro d uct i on o f copper , y e t th e y any temptation, sitting at a distance of some thousands of miles supported slave-produced c opp e r f rom C u b a , an d h a d eon- from the scene of those cruelties and horrors, deliberately to siderably increased its import. In 1840 they imported give their sanction?—(Hear, hear.) He trusted that there 26,000 tone, and in 184 they imported 41,000 tons. would be found in that House, as well as in the country, those Such is the effect if we take free labour sugar from the conti- who would not purchase the luxury of 20,000 additional nental markets. The continental markets make up the defi- tons of supr at the price of so much misery as that which ciency occasioned by the demands we make on it for free-grown must follow the passing of the Government measure, but that produce by the importation of slave-grown sugar, so that while they would rather be content to pay a fractional sum more for we carry on that trade we are in reality encouraging the slave their sugars for the purpose of encouraging the industry of trade.—( Hear.) If we take free grown sugar from the conti- their own country, and discountenancing a vile and horrid nental market, slave-grown sugar is certain to flow in, and traffic in human life and human misery.—( Hear, hear. ) thus we give an indirect encouragement to slavery. 'Whether, Under these circumstances it was needless for him to say with therefore, we import directly slave grown sugar from where it what cordial satisfaction he concurr e d is the resolution of the ie ;traduced; or free labour sugar froMthe continental market, Noble Lord the Member for Lynn, and with what ardent—he the result is precisely the same—such was the tendency of the wished he could say sanguine —hope he looked for its ultimate present system. After the experience of the last year, would any success, by the House discharging the highest duty of the man doubt that slavery was not encouraged by the present country, and refusing to give any further sanction to a system state of the law. If so, then they were guilty to the that was as injurious to man as it was dishonourable to corn fullest extent in the charge brought against them by merce.—( Hear, hear.) the Noble Lord (the Frst Lord of the Treasury.) Were they, Lord SANDON did not quarrel with the Hon. Baronet who therefore, on such slight grounds as had been stated, to adhere had just sat down for the views he took upon the question, and to a principle which they could not carry into effect, and th s perhaps had that been the first occasion upon which it was deprive the great body of the people of . this country of a cheap proposed to make a distinction in the sugar duties, he should and necessary article of comfort ?—( Hear, hear.) The im- have been inclined to participate i n them. But would the op practicable nature o' the present system, was admitted let all position which was then offered to the Government proposal who had fully considered the question. He admitted that settle the matter? No, it certainly would not; for, after many very honest. sincere, well meaning men were again s t th e agree i ng to t h e principle in 1841, of admitting slave-grown proposition of her Majesty's Government, and he was wishful sugar on payment of a particular duty, they could not refuse to to pay the greatest deference and respect to their opinions, but reconsider the amount of restriction to be placed upon the in he was boon tto observe that the sentiments of those parties troduction of sugar into this country, the produce of slave were not participated in by many other parties who were as labour. In 1841 he Mok the liberty of expressing his doubt of much opposed to negro slavery. Looking at the proceedings the expediency of the steps which the House then took ; but of the Liverpool Anti-slavery Society, a mt.re rational and having taken these steps, lie .confessed, after consulting practical view of the question had been taken. That some of the most experienced merchants in the country upon society at least took a different view to that which had the subject, that the conclusion he had come to was, that they had been taken by the Noble Lord ( Lord George Bentinck ),' already settled the question of the admissibility of slave grown At a meeting which they had just held, they had agreed to re- sugar, a d it now only remained to be decided what were the solutions to the effect that the measure now proposed by her best terms the country could admit it upon.—(Hear.) But Majesty's Government was in harmony with the general prin- with regard to the encouragement which he offered to the ciple, of commercial intercourse laid down by the late Adminis- slava trade by admitting Brazilian sugar, he had, following tration, and that taken in eonjunc!ion with friendly negotia- the advice of Bacon, placed his opinions upon paper. He had tions with of her powers, it was better calculated to lead to the thus ascertained facts to go upon, namely, that if" Java sugar extinction of slavery than any other course.—( Hear, hear.) could be sold in this country at a price much less than slave He entirely concurred with the view which this body had taken grown sugar, the latter would ,be taken to Hamhurgh, of the question, as he believed the result would be eventually or sonic such a place, to make up for -he deficiency in the to put down slavery, while the general interests of all other supply of the former that was created by the preference earties would be improved. He would now say a few words which this country exhibited for sugar the produce of free la respecting the West Indian interest. He had been communi- boar.—( Hear, hear.) The condo-ion he had come to then rated with many times by leading gentlemen connected wi'h was, that the attempt to draw a distinction between slave that interest, and he must bear testimony to the temperate grown and free labour sugar was a fallacy, and this was one and reasonable manner in which they have urged their claims. reason why he could not support the amendment of alone would regret more than he would, if he thought the the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn.—( Hear. ) measure proposed by the Government would lead to any tufa- The present measure created a great deal of irritation in -ulty as far as that interest was concerned. No one injury, he Brazil and Spain. Those merchants dealing with Brazil are was persuaded, could be inflicted on that interest without doing . hardly sure of their property or their lives. He was far from injury to the rest of the community. But he did not appre- considering that the present measure would give that additional trend any evil from the operation of the measure. He looked encouragement to the slave trade, and he had no doubt that still to the West Indies as the source from whence the people free labour would beat slave labour when admitted upon of this country should continue to derive their supplies of sugar. equal terms into the market.—( Heor, hear.) Had for- With capital and energy he felt sure they would continue to mer Governments disregarded the petty jealousies of the command the markets of the country. In the same way that planters, and had they encouraged free labeur and imported he believed the landed proprietors of this country would not labour into the market, there would have been no occasion for 'offer from the repeal of the corn-law, did he believed the West the present measure. nor would they have reason to say India interest would not suffer from the withdrawal of their that a failure had taken place after the experiment present protection. But as the agriculturists of this country had been tried for the space of fourteen years. would make up for the absence of protection by capital and by But he hoped it was not yet too late; he hoped the increased skill and improved modes of cultivation, so did he Honourable Member who had already shown such think would the West India planters.—( Hear, hear.) Increased extended knowledge with regard to the question would Lok the skill, and greater energy would m a k e up for a n y temporary matter boldly in the face, and that he would employ such time toss which they might suffer. Besides, they bad been favour- as the Parliame n t should in its wisdom determine, to give the ably considered in other respects by the Legislature of the matter his serious attention. Why should they not make use country. There had been last year a reduction of 10s. per of their extended empire for the benefit of the people, and cwt. on produce imported into the colonies. But beyond this, grant to their colonies advantages over the people of other it, would be a great benefit to the West India interest if the nations ? He considered it would not be beneficial to postpone question was permanently settled.—( Hear, hear.) That in- the question, as the uncertainty which would hang over the final terest wished to be reliev e d from annual discussions of this determination of Parliament would produce a stagnation in sort, and they conside r ed it wou ld b e a b ene fi t o f the greatest trade, the merchant or trader being afraid to invest his capitaL kind, if the question was permanently settled, and if they were He rejoiced that the measure had been introduced. It enabled to know what the regul ar ra t e o f duty was to be. would tend to' the prosperity of the colonial interest, especially The present Government proposed to do this. The Noble to that of the East and West Indies, that the planters and Lord (George Bentinck) said that slave labour was cheaper commercial men should know as early as possible what than free labour, and that the produce of the latter would have would be the determination of Parliament.—( Hear, hear.) no chance in competition. In supporting that statement, When 24,0001. could be made out of an outlay of 8,000/ in he referred to Louisiana. But i n a nswer to that one season, he did not consider that the traders had much he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) would say reason to fear any resolution which they might consider wise that it had been proved that the free labour of Mexico was to adopt, for ,these reasons he could not give his assent to the twice as productive as th e s l ave lab our of Cuba.—( Hear.) proposition of the Noble Lord.—( Hear, hear. ) Such he hoped would be the result elsewhere. But, further, . Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY complained that there had he understood that, in Cuba even, so dissatisfied were the not been sufficient encouragement afforded by the Government planters with slave labour, that no less than 3.000 free la- to the importation of free labour into the colonies. That was bourers had been imported. If Cuba found it necessary to do the reason the crops had failed, because they were not suffi this, would not they find that British capital and energy would ci e ntly cultivated. There was one point to which he would ,to the same? In many of the coloni es the deficiency of labour call the attention of the House, and that was the fact that had been met, to some extent, by the importation of labourers there were at Berbice 1,050 unoccupied estates, although that under the restrictions provided by the present laws. The Go country alone would produce sufficient sugar for Europe. In vernment were willing, to extend the privilege of importing the year 1836 the sugar crop of Berbice was ;3,000 hogsheads, labourers, under such restrictions that the labourers imported and in the year 1841 the crop fell to about 4,500; and since should be really and truly the same. And while this advan- that there had been a gradual reduction in the price, occa l tage would be given them, during the time the present mea- sinned by the employment of captured Africans. Those en sure was carrying out, the West Indian interest would en- gaged in the West India trade could scarcely save themselves joy no meagre share of protection. For the first from absolute ruin, and there was a great disorganization in year, they would have fifty per cent. protection the West Indies in consequence of the free labourers leaving in their favour-44 per cent. the next year, 32 per cent. the their employment without notice. He would ask the House, following year, 21 per cent. the next year, and 10 per cent. and he would appeal to the country on the question, what the year when the equali sa ti on o f t h e ditty took place. The r i g ht, or sort o f r i g h t , had they in restrict cer ta i n l oca li t i es ? third year—the critical year of the new proposition—they If they had established the fact that our markets were to be would possess 32 per cent. in their favour—a fair and ample free to every country in the world, he contended that they had amount of protection under the circumstances. But he hoped an equal right to permit the people of this country to pur they would not alone trust, under the new system proposed, to chase their sugar in the cheapest market, without any sort of the importation of labourers, b u t that they would do every- restriction. They had no right to say to the people of this aing in thin- power to cultivate the soil, and bring country, a You shall only b e permitted to purchase your *kill and capital to bear upon it; in doing which he suear farm the British dominions." He contended, that if elt persuaded they cou ld s a f e ly go i n t o competition they had free trade with respect to corn, they should have free eith the proeuce of any other portion of the world.— ( Hear, trade with respect to sugar and ever y other article. He called near.) And to enable them to prepare for the change, and to upon the House to take int o consideration the necessity of :,ring their energies to bear upon their pos , essions, he thought carrying out, to their fullest extent, the great principles of free rice years protection, as now proposed, sufficiently ample. Mea- trade which they had recently sanctioned. sures would also be brought forward to benefit the West India Sir J. HOGG assured the House that his earnest desire was interest in other respects. He was enabled to state one mea- that the. people of this country should have an abundant supply ewe, which was the reduction of one-third of the deferential of sugar. --( Hear, hear.) That was his desire in 1841, and duty on rum ; and he promised that interest he would support that was his intention and. desir e now. 80 , five years had since every claim which they could fairly and in justice establish e l apse d, and he now asked himself whether ther-e alterations as necessary for their well-being. There was another claim that had been carried out—had his anticipations been realised—had would be ben e fit e d by th e present measure. H e meant the the measures which he supported been carried out as success ship-owners, who would be greatly benefited in the earrying fully as he could have desired If he found that the measures trade, if the proposed alteration were made. Instead of fo • w hich he at that time supported failed in producing the results reign bottoms being employed in the Brazilian a nd Cuba trade, which he anticipated, then he should be ashamed to rise in his as now, Biltish vessels would 13,.; almost e n tirely em- pl ace i n that House, and urge upon that assembly to continue ;cloyed. But, after all, the interests of the great body of the the adoption of measures which had signally failed. He would ,abouring population of the c ountry was w h a t they had to ask, did the measures which were then adopted afford the consider, ano these would be grea tly b ene fit e d by the measure. people of this country an adequate supply of sugar ? He need Whatever they might do for other classes, they were bound to scarcely argue the point. It s o happened that the calculation consider the comforts of thi s c l ass , an d there could be no which the Noble Lord opposite had made, as to the quantity of .Iftubt that it would confer a great benefit on them, in giving sugar expected to arrive in this countr this y ar, was almost them a large, abundant, and cheap supply of a necessary— verbatim—almost tolident cerbis—the same calculation as nay, an indispensible article of life. It was on that ground h e ( Sir J. Hogg) had himself ventured to indulge in mainly that the question was now brought under the consider- 1841, five years ago—( Hear, hear)-115,000 tons from the ation of the House. (The Ho n . G e ntleman sat down amidst West. Indies, and from the Mauritius, as the Noble Lord made loud cheers.) it appear, 75,000 tons had been received, and he (Sir John Sir H. IN GLIS thanked the Noble Lord the Member for Hogg) ventured to calculate five years ago that the amount that Lynn (Lord G. Bentinck), for the temperate and practical would be received would be 60,000 tons. He had ventured to resolution which he had submitted to the House, and for the state that in the following year India would yield 100,000 speech with which he had supported it, so complete and con- t ons , an d h e did no t ma k e that statement rashly. He in clusive in its rea son i ng , an d so f u ll o f fact. He, for one, was fo r med himself from those quarters where the most authentic willing to rest the decision of th e qu es ti on on that most con- information was likely to be—he made every inquiry in his elusive speech ; but as it was not .he cus t om of th e House to power, and he believed that those who furnished him with the decide any matter by single combat, he would shortly occupy information had no desire to deceive him. How came it then the attention of the House. The Right Hon. Gentleman the that the injury did not develope itself ? The population of Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the greater portion or his India was pre-eminently a sugar ea ti ng p eo pl e ._ speech, spoke as a Chancellor o f th e E xc hequer for the next ( Laughter.) It was almost their only luxury ; and they in year. The greater portion of the speech would have been dulged in it as far as their means would allow them. But they more appropriate on May 10, 1847. The sum total of it was, did not indulge in the use of manufactured sugar. The Noble "We want 35m),000/. in April, 1847, and we must make it up Lord had said that sugar could only be exported when it was by some means." That sum he wanted, and in what at a certain price. But he ( Sir John Hogg) begged per way lee got it he did not seem greatly to care. He mission of the House to say that that statement was erroneous, seated his expectation that 20,000 tons of slave-grown because the people of India scarcely ever consumed menu sugar would be imported next year, but he did not factured sugar. The sweetmeats which they consumed were express any regret, or }misgiving tatet . such a sum as he had made of eremanufactueed sugar. 'He was rather welt pleased named should be realised from s u c h a source . Th ey were to acknowledge that India did no t sen d 100,090 tons to this then told that the obligations of treaties compelled them to ad- country. The increased production of sugar in India was mit slave-grown sugar, and that, therefore, they were obliged little more than adequate to the increased consumption among to give Spain advantages which Spain did not possess. If that the people of India. He was really sorry that as far as his were so, than he (Sir R. Inglis) maintained the treaty of knowledge of India went, those fairy visions of the Noble Lerd Utrecht should be repealed, and the preference-giving prin- as to the increase of capital could not be realised.—( Hear, ciple abandoned. But he did not think that the treaty of hear.) He was sure that the Noble Lord must have been Utrecht warranted the construction put upon it. The treaty misled—( Hear, hear)— in the calculations which he had laid of Utrecht was limited to trading transactions in Europe only. before the House as to the production of the Indian soil, and did not extend to the coloni a l posse ss i ons of the two coon- and still more as to the productiveness of Indian capital, tries ; but if th e treaty really warranted the construction put If he failed in his anticipations as ro quantity, be did so also in upon it, then ought they to relinquish the principle of regard to price. During. the sin months of this year, the favoured nations altogether.—( Cries of Hear, hear.") imports and deliveries are less than the corresponding six He resisted this measure b ecause it er as a grea t di scourage - months of the preceding year. The consumption of the ment to British industry in the colonies, and a great encourage- world should be looked at. The consumption of sugar in the merit to a most inhuman traffic. The sufferer s that it would whole world was 840,000; the whole amount of sugar grown produce would not be confined to Cuba—they would extend to in the tropics are only 771,00 a. The difference was made up the alrazils, and whatever other part of the world men should of beet root sugar from France. The consumption of Europe choose to drag them. The tortures which had been described alone was 675,000. The balance remaining in hand at the by his Noble Friend that evening were tortures which the ad- conclusion of each year was only about 131,000 vocates of this measure must be pr e p are d t o perpetuate and or one month's consumption.—(Hear, hear.) The case girdanueatl abolition of the duties much, t stand there in any other patronise; for every ton of.sugar imported into this country was so with no other article. It was melancholy to re was produced at the expense of the blood of three African fleet on the condition of the people of England,, whose avi T n h g e v y o d te i d d slaves, and these three slaves wer e got a t th e e x p ense of nine consumption of sugar only anvieherargeedf s p ix ar p li on e d n s t p . er head. Upon didU pnoont from the coast of Africa—a cost whi c h, w i t h a ll th e attendant the question of protectionmhheee could East n ln ot di s a a n y i m n evils of kidnapping -nd torture, was countenanced by the for the gradual abolition of the corn - laws, d he should be sorry to authors of the measure ; and if these nine individuals were stand up in opposition to the multiplied by 20,000, the result would be not less than 180,000. upon sugars.—( Cheers.) He —( Hear, hear.) That was the wrong which they, a Chris- capacity than that of a tian assembly, with all their professions, were asked to en- stand as the delegate of Like all other classes, courage. He must say, deliberately, God forbid ! He hoped, not wish protection. L h e m, and, like e they would take at least, that those he saw on the other aide of the House, who protection if von gave it t everybody else, they had often opposed slavery, would not vote with the Goirernment. would keep it as long as th e y could.—(Cheers )[le case He dlid not oppese it from party fee,liog, but was different as between the East and West Indies, he and those who agreed with him desired to give more i n consequenco o f the amou nt of labou r t o be obtained in the erne to the Government to consider the measure. He said E ast I n di es. H e w ished that the West Indians hadhad two there was an enormous increase in the free-hall ' sugar of or three years to make preparations . for the contest with the India; it was stated to be 500,000 tons, th e ac tu a l produ ce o f E ast I n d ies. H e t h oug ht it a great mistake to supp ose th at t h e India.• Was it to be supposed, he asked, if the British markets labour of the Hill Coolies was equal_ ov to the labour of the were opened to all the world, that this would not soon find its im e i eem l a b ourers . He hoped the G ernment would take into way into Europe? Might the demand not be met by this ? their conaideration the propriety of __having a general free trade trade—and that the Why, the supply from the Mauritius alone was, twelve years —not a one-sided free a 3' would be allow e d ago, 27,700 tons, and last year, 35,800; and for the season t o use' th e Manilla and other sugars the distilleri es o f t hi s 1846-47 the ca l c ul a ti on was thatnot less th an 60,000 tons would. country and Scotland and Ireland. The public should have come in. H e h e ld a li s t i n hi s h an d s h ow i ng th e capacity of the best spirits which could , theminstead°Y 'he existence of th e pre . produce of the is:and. Estate A produced, in 1843, 300 tons; -sent intricate excise laws. e dtnought that the duty on rum in 1814, 400 t ons; i n 1845, 500 to „ ; i n seen, 800 tons; should be more fairly equalise than it was at present. He and for the season of 1847 it was expected that the return would now . say a few words in reference to the' slave trade. would be 1,000. Other es t a t es ex hibit e d a lik e increase of Look at the acknowledgment of Fowell Buxton. H e ac k oow _ return, though somewhat more irregular. Here, then, was !edged. that all they had done for its suppression was a r otte•of,ehe colonies of England producing last year one-fourth magnificent failure. Notwithstanding all the exertions then et t13841.01e quantity consumed in Britain. He said he should the slave trade had of late increased. Cuba, which thirty 'ot regret the change which had been made in the s oc i a l con - years ago had to import su gar for h er own consumption, now efition of the people a the. West Indies; still less should he re- manufactured 200,000 tons, and there was evidence sufficient gret that great subs Nhich was voted by this country as its con- to show that 100,000 slaves were annually imported there. If tribution in linuour. of the principles which it held ;;but he -they wished to destroy the I s_ave trade they must allow slaves to never wo l ia i taak a te e th er than regret that the country should emigrate to the West Indies, and carry back with them into have lett her, iirioniks with no better supply of free labour.— Africa the principles of civilisation. .( Hear, hear.) - - Asicir the importation of Hill Coolies, it was Mr. HOPE thought that this measure was one of great now und er so great restrictions that it was accomplished severity, if not of great injustice, towards the West Indies. He with perfect safety to these individuals themselves, and as there did not advocate the continuance of the present protective was a loeal authority, if their liberties were encroached on or duties, but he thought the measure would be productive ofgreat undue advantage were taken of them, they could immediately injury to all those who had property in that quarter of the globe. apply and find a ready remedy. They ought to reed- The difficulty they would have to contend with in Africa would beet also that their colonies had an almost un- be the difficulty of inducing free men to go there. The condi limited command of - s o il, soil which might raise d on o f th e peopl e of Africa was that of master and slave, of any quantity this country might . require • Guiana l or d and v i llain. The slaves ther e were not sold as slaves, nor for example, or B er bi ce ; and they cught to give British pro- were they sent away except for a crime. But still there slavery prietors that advantage which would enable them to raise a' was most distinct-and undoubted. The people were not to be supply equal to the demand. He asked for a preference for but with great difficulty,and• procured . then ite -very e snleall thtla k7a l4 .- 41 3gelYst 73- ..I 6 OTOUCCe but suri s-pretatteu tuber& ICluda the Clue . 114 \t' Zifferet+they. abundant supply, and under a system which had been lately introduced, emigration from India was going on to a consider able extent, and there were no less than from 20.000 to 30,000 men already embarked on their passage ; and by the present measure they entirely took away from these people the pro spect of any fair remuneration for their labour. He must ob ject to one s'atement male by a Government officer, which he thought unfair. It was the letter of Mr. John Porter, stating that the West Indies could produce an ample quantity of sugar, provided it had sufficient stimulus in the way of competition. He was aware that. the West Indies had already had too much competition, that she already felt the wound, and was injured by the measures which had been already adopted. He was not one who looked upon a state of slavery as one of such horror as had been described, but he would conclude by saying that they were increasing its horrors by attempting to sup press it by force, and by causing greater losses to those en gaged in it. Sir R. PEEL said, Sir, this House will probably recollect what has indeed been adverted to by the Noble Lord, the Member for Lynn, that at an early period of the present session, I announced the intention of the late Government to propose a measure with reference to the admission of foreign sugar, which was based on a different principle from that which the Noble Lord has proposed. The proposal which I intended to make on the part of that government was to give greater facilities and encouragement to the admission of free labour, and I have no hesitation in saying that had that Govern ment remained in office, the proposal which I should have made on the part of that Government would have been that announced at an early period of the session. That measure so proposed on the part of the Government would have con tained the exclusion from the markets of this country of sugar the produce of the slave-trade, but would have admitted at lower rates of duty that sugar which was the produce of free labour and of foreign growth in competition with sugar the produce of our own country. I think it but right, therefore, that I should now state the, vote which I i n t en d t o g i ve. B oth myself and those who have acted along with me have felt that in the question of slave labour and the produce of slave labour, there was an exception to the principle on which the ordinary affairs of commerce were conducted. I felt that we stood in a pecutar position with regard to the West India colonies. The case of the East Indies was different in regard to the supple of labour, but with respect to the West Indies we did think that this country did stand in a s.secial and peculiar positicn towards it.—(Hear, hear.) You had no doubt made a great sacrifice in order to put an end to slavery in those colonies ; you had given for the emancipation of their slaves a liberal —nay, what many would consider a magnificent compensation ; but whether or no that was a sufficient com pensation for what the West Indian interest hail given up is a question open to dispute. Be that as it may, it did subject the colonies to great disadvantages in competing with foreign countries where slavery was in existence.—( Hear, hear.) That led to the conclusion that it was right, before these colonies were required to enter into competition with other countries, that a considerable interval of time should be allowed to elapse.—( Hear.) It was the peculiar circumstances in which the Act of Emancipation had placed the West Indian that led to the opinion in my own mind, and those with whom I have acted, that we ought to depart from the ordinary principles on which commercial affairs are con ducted. In that opinion, 1 may say, I was supported by one of the most strenuous supporters of the general application of free-trade. The gentleman to whom I allude is Mr. Deacon Hume. On this account we thought it of the greatest importance to preset ve to the West India interest the markets of this country, and that we should give an interval of time before entering upon an equalisation of duties with the pro duct of foreign countries. We thought also that the colonies stood in a different position irom other countries in regard to slavery. We had not only put an end to it in our colonies, but we had also undertaken the police of the seas, in which we had derailed from all the ordinary rules of international law. In order to carry that out we formed treaties with other powers for the suppression and abolition of the slave trade, at it we made these enraged in trade to submit to regulations which were net in agreement with the ordinary laws of com mercial intercourse. We instituted the right of search, and finding that France would not agree to that, we establish , d in concert wi:h the Government of that country an immense fleet o cruise off the coast of Africa, to put an end to the exportation of negroes from there to other countries. This was a violation of all international laws, still I consider it was perfectly right we should do so. We had gone further than the simple abrogation of slavery in our colonies; we had not only shown a great example to other countries in the abolition of slavery in our colonies, but we did not rely on that alone, for we applied the physical main force of the country in order to put an end to the slave trade.—( Hear, hear.) It did appear, therefore, taking a full view of the question, that some time ought to elapse before the produce of slave-giowing countries was admitted into competi tion with the produce of our colonial possessfons. In regard to the statement which was made bs the Noble Lord (George Bentinck ) it is impossible to review it without being shocked at the horror of the system which he deprecates, or without feeling that public opinion and public sentiment will go along with him in its condemnation. The Noble Lord has given specimens of the horrors of this system, in which the House has fully sympathised; and if it could be shown that by raising the price of sugar Id. or 1 d. a pound, an effectual stop would be put to the horrors of this horrible traffic, I am quite sure the country would cheerfully make the sacrifice.—(Cheers.) Twenty millions had been freely given in order to release the bonds of the West India slaves; and if the distinction now maintained between slave and free grown produce was calculated to abolish slavery in other countries, I am sure the people of this country would willingly hear the tax. I fear that it may at first - give a stimulus to slavery. It is not without great reluctance, therefore, that I have come to the resolution to give my support to the mea sure.—(Cheers.) I am forced to consider other rather than the mere abstract question ; there was the position of parties, and the prospect of forming a Government on the dissolu tion of the present Government.—( Hear, hear.) I agree with the Noble Lord that It ought to be no sham opposition. I agree that if any opposition were formed to her Majesty's Government, it ought to be an opposition intended to be fatal to that Government. I believe it possible by combination to displace the Noble Lord ; at least I believe it possible by com bination to throw out the measure. I think it would be pos sible to raise a feeling in this country against this measure, at all events to raise a fatal impediment to it ; and I feel myself bound to ask myself this question, whether I could sanction such oppaition, and I think that I ought not.—(Hear, hear.) The Government with which I was connected Has displaced by a vote of this House, tantamount to a withdrawal of contidenc , from that Government.—( Hear.) I yielded to that vote, The Noble Lord was called on by her Majesty to form a Government, as it seemed, with the appro bation of this House. The Noble Lord is prepared with a pro posal for the final adjustment of this question. I am prepared for that. The Noble Lord could not accept of power without being prepared with a proposal on this subject. I could have no daub; of it. --- (Hear.) When in the beginning of last year, in the month of February, 1 proposed my measur , on sugar, the Noble Lord proposed a motion en the same subject, fur tieing away with the distinction between slave and free-labour sugars. That was the course which he pursued on that occasion. —( Dear ) In t se course of this year, when this question came on again to be considered, the Noble Lord, before the Easter recess, gave notice of a motion to the effect that the distinc tion between slave and free-labour sugar was impolitic and un just, and that it could not be maintained, and that it should he abolished. The Noble Lord's proposal then was, that this distinction between slave and free labour sugar should be abolished. The Noble Lord, and those who sit with him on the Treasury benches, put the same construction on certain treaties, as I and those that are with me, put upon them ; but I said that good faith must be kept, so far as effected the excluding of certain produce from the markets. —(Loud cries of Hear.) Consequently notice has been given of the course which the Noble Lord would follow, and good faith and consistency required that that distinction between slave and free-labour sugars should be abolished.— ( Hear, hear.) Now I could not doubt that the Noble Lord, when he was called to power, would abolish that distinction. It was indeed open to the Noble Lord to proceed immediately, or to take time for the mature consideration of the subject, but the Noble Lord has chosen to proceed at once. Whether he proceeded at once, or took time till next November, it was a mere question of time. I understood that the Noble Lord and his friends would effect the abolition of that distinction. %illy perhaps it was better that it should be made at once, as far as it may affect many interests in the country. But there are many questions on which mature deliberation, perhaps, might be necessary ; the introduction of molasses duty free into this country, arid the spirit duties--( Hear, hear)—were questions which he trusted the Noble Lord would take into further consideration, oecause he was doubtful as to the effect which the reduction of the duty on them may produce. Now, in the first place, in speaking of the West India colonies, we must remember that there is a great expense a:teadant upon the imigration of free labsurers. There is a great expense attendant upon the introduction of natives from the East Indies; and there is a far greater expense in bringing Africans from the coast of Africa, but still this ought not to discourage your encouraging this immigration to the colonies ; and in saying this much, let me observe that you ought to accompapv , the introduction to th e ' co l on i es • o f nat i ve laboniers with an adequate supply of females.—( Hear, hear, and laughter.) If you determine to attempt a supply of Coolies for the West In dies, for the purpose of promoting the ultimate success of yo ir plan, it will be of the utmost importance that there should be a due proportion of females introduced into the country. Entertaining, therefore, these views upon the subject of ad mitting sugar, the produce of slave labour, into competition with free-labour sugar, I do hope the Noble Lord and his Government will reserve to themselves the power of here efter considering what are the equivalent advantages which he will give to the West Indies.—( Hear, hear.) But I was going on to say that I did not feel myself justified in enteri, g into a combination for the purpose of displacing the Noble Lord and his Government within six weeks after the day on which he had assumed office.—(Hear, hear.) But, says the Noble Lord the Member fur Lynn, you may safely enter into such a combination, and the Noble Lord will still retain office. Well, I will not pretend to know what course the Noble Lord will adopt, but this I will say, that I think the Noble Lord, under the circumstances in which he is placed—under the cir cumstances in which he accepted power—and being defeated now on so important a measure of his commercial policy as the present, would, I cannot say give up power, but, in my opinion, he would be fully justified in doing so.--( Hear, hear. ) Those, then, who :compel him to abdicate power ought to exercise their discretion, and, in doing so, they are bound to ask themselves whether in the event of success they are pre pared to undertake the Administration of public affairs. There are circumstances in the history of every country where that question must be asked by those who enter into combinations for the purpose of displacing a prevailing Government.—(Hear, hear.) Two Governments have existed within the last six weeks. Shall a third be formed ? Upon what principle? (Hear, hear, and laughter.) Shall their be a restoration of the late Government ?—(Cries of " No, no.") I entirely concur in that opinion.—( Hear, hear, and laughter.) I do think that the late Government, having withdrawn from office in consequence of a signification on the part of the House, tantamount to a vote of want of confidence in its policy the defeat of the Government who succeeded it by a combination effected by the former within six weeks after its determination, without any prospect of future success, would be discreditable to the country.—(Cheers.) I believe the country could have little confidence in those who had thrown them out, and therefore, entertain ng these views, I have come to the conclusion that it would not be for the public advantage to enter into a combination for the sake of displacing the present Government. The protection party, with whom I am prepared to speak with all respect, at any rate cannot be surprised that they themselves could not take ()filets, or form a Government, with any prospect of advantage or success ; nor are they, perhaps, prepared to enter into a combination for de feating the present occasion with a view of recalling those to power who have just left office. --( Hear, hear.) I say, then, that what has taken place, seeing the:manifest divergence of opinion exhibited on this measure amongst those who were the supporters of the late Government, only confirms me in the opinion that defeating the Noble Lord upon this commercial measure would be attended by no Rood results, and at once I admit that I am not prepared to take the consequences of such a conclusion as that I allude to — (Cheers)—seeing the posi tion of parties compels those who have taken part in the public services of the country to consider the question of what will by the result of displacing the Government which has now held power for six weeks. At the same time if it could be shown that a Government could be formed which could permartsntly resist the introduction of slava labour sugar by those who, like my Hon. Friend, sincerely think that at all hazards the introduction of ,artieles, the produce of slave.labour, should not be allowed, it VtQ " lii "t- 1 . 114 4 i llavo 4';ierioua 4+44 vlghtr, in the present state of public opinion, the formation of any Go- I vernment could permanently continue the present system. If indeed you could lay down the principle that you would, under no circumstances whatever, consume the produce of stave la bour, and you could hold out to the colonies the assurance that that principle would be adhered to, it would be a different matter; but is it likely or probable that a Government could be formed either by any party or any combination of parties, which could hope to per manently maintain the principle, that articles the produce of slave labour shall not be admitted into this country.--( Hear, hear.) Let me then observe that the Noble Lord, the Mem ber for Lynn does not lay down the principle that articles the produce of slave labour shall not be admitted. The Noble Lord does not even lay down the principles that we will main tain the statu quo, that we will admit cotton that is now used in this country, that we will admit tobacco that is now used in this country, but that we will go no further, that we will per mit no further violation of the principle which tend to con tinue slavery.--( Hear, hear.) The motion of the Noble Lord is in fact similar to the resolution, which was moved by my Noble Friend the Member fos Liverpool, in 1841. He wished to continue the discriminating duties on slave •labour sugar, because the admission into this country of that article depended, in a great measure, upeb the supply of sugar the produce of free labour, ( Hear, hear.) The effect of the Noble Lord's resolution is, that under certain circumstances—if the prices were greatly increased—you would admit slave-grown sugar into the market under certain modifications. What assurance could merchants have of the permanence of any arrangement which did not contemplate the difficulties which might arise from a scarcity, natural or artificial. The estimates which he has formed might be less favourable at some period than they are at the present moment, and in such a case the planters would have reason to fear that the people of this country would not tolerate the high priees.—(Cries of " No, no.") Well, if you say " No, no," ase_you prepared to affirm, as permanent, a' resolution, be the state of the market or the occasion what it may, that you will not admit slave-labour sugar.— ( Hear, hear.) But that is not what you are prepared to:affirm, and you do not give any assurance to the colonists that they may safely rely upon your permanency of legislation upon this question ; and you, therefore, bring doubt and insecurity into the minds of the capitalist and traders. The Noble Lord has endeavoured to make a permanent adjustment of this question, and the colonists, as well as all those in the trade, attach the utmost importance to a permanent adjustment, as it will enable the capitalist to know with what .he has to contend. He will know, moreover, that there will be extended to him a qualified protection, and that at the end of a certain period there must be free competion.—(Hear, hear.) Unless you admit the principle of the Noble Lord, that slave labour at some period must be ad mitted to compete with free labour, you cane of attain perma nency in any measure you adopt. When I proposed to reduce the duty on free labour, I did not hope to introduce a permanent measure ; had I remained in power it was my inten tion to have proposed the continuance of the sugar duties. for one year, in order to give the experiment a farther trial. But I doubt exceedingly that this House could be prevailed to pass a permanent law which did not contemplate at some period the fire admission of slave-grown sugar. Any other proposal would have been sulject to the disadvantage of being a temporary measure, and the slave holder, seeing the state of public opinion in the country—seeing the division of parties, and that the subject was one of continual controversy—never would abandon the hope that at no distant period he would be admitted to the same ad vantages as the cultivator with free labour. He would not fail to cherish that hope. The slaveholder in Brazil would nourish the same hope, he would be constantly expecting that at no distant day he would be admitted to compete with free labour, whilst the capitalist in free labour would not know whether it would be safe to invest his capital in the cultivation of the Otaheitan cane, which promises so many great advantages to the producer. I believe, on the whole, that, in the present s t a t e o f pu bli c opinion, there may be a chance of temporar, contribution to the promotion of slavery, but I believe it will be only temporary, and that the evil of continuing the uncertainty far out • weighs any consideration of such a character. I will not enter into a detail of the plan of the Noble Lord ; my earnest hope is, that his 'great object will be to make a final settlement of the question.—( Hear, hear.) I do hope that he will listen with attention to every proposal which, doing away with a destructive duty, may have for its object the intention of enabling free-labour sugar to compete with slave sugar. I do not en t er into details I do not wish to embarrass him. My support will be of a bowl fide kind, and he will feel that he is best ensuring the success of a great principle by enablir g those who have nothing but their labour successfully to compete with those who continue the traffic in slaves.—(Hear, hear.) Sir, entertaining, therefore, this opinion, avoiding any di scuss i on on t h e d eta il s, entertaining a sincere belief that at no remote period, if this measure be obstructed now, that it must be ultimately carrried—( Cheers) —believing that if any one is to carry it there is none better entitled to the credit attached to success than the Noble Lord. —(Cheers)—l am come to the resolution, not, as I said before, without hesitation and without reluctance, to give my support to the principle of his measure, and in supporting the principle of that measure it is my resolution not to embarrass him by a vexatious opposition.—( Loud cheers.) Mr. P. MILES, amidst some confusion, moved the adjourn ment of the debate, after which Sir T. ACL AND rose, and said that he did not wish to persuade the House either to come to a decision at once, or adjourn the discussion, but he must beg for the indulgence of the House, whilst he said that in his opinion the Right Hon.- Baronet had come to th'e - dttermination announced by him solely from a consideration of the state of parties in that House—( Vociferous cheering from the pro tectionists)--and of the way in which the present Government might be affected by his vote upon this question. —(Continued chee:ing from the same parties). His Noble Friend opposite was either right or wrong in his policy, bet the question on which they had to decide was one of the greatest moment, and he (Sir T. Acland), for his own part, oisclaimed, in the strongest manner, any wish to promote the interests or views of any party in that House by the vote which he intended to give on thi. question.—( Hear, hear.) He dis claimed, in the strongest manner, being influenced by any hostile opposition to the Noble Lord at the head of the Govern ment, in giving the vote which he intended to record on this question. Indeed, he was prepared, in homely phrase, to give the present Government " a fair trial and no favour." ( Hear, hear.) He felt that the Noble Lord opposite was actuated by feelings of the most upright character when he proposed the measure. lie believed that the Right Hon. Bart., the mem ber for Tamworth, in giving his vote on this question was in fluenced by considerations as to the existence of the Government. He would wish to ask whether the wishes of the parties who were thought to be admitted to a voice in that House had been considered, and whether the great masses of the people of this country were admitted into their councils. He contended that they were not admitted to a share in the councils of the nation.—( Hear, hear.) It had been the policy of this country during the last thirty years to do all in their power to put down the abominable slave trade at. any and every cost, and he could not understand how they now consistently adopt a proposition to countenance and encourage the slave traffic in human beings.—(Hear, hear. ) Mr. P. BORTHWICK amidst great laughter and con fusion, seconded the motion for the adjournment of the debate. The SPEAKER having put the question that the House do now adjourn. Lord J. RUSSELL said that as it was not likely that the debate could be concluded that night he would support the mo tion for an adjournment of the debate, which had been pre viously moved by an Hon. Member. After a few words from Mr. MILES the debate was ad journed. Air. EWART withdrew the motion of which he had given notice. Mr. HUME also consented to withdraw his motion. SUPPLY. The report of this Committee. ;;;; brought up and agreed to. DEODANDS ABOLITION (No. 2) BILL. On the motion of Mr. BOUVERIE this Bill was read a second time. BATHS AND WASHHOUSES (IRELAND). Mr. PICOT obtained leave to bring in a Bid for promoting the voluntary establishment in boroughs, cities, and towns, in Ireland, of Public Baths and Washbouses. The Bill was then read a first and second time, and The House adjourned at a quarter-past one o'clock. PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS :From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons. MONDAY, JULY 27. LANCASTER AND PRESTON JUNCTION RAILWAY BILL. Report considered : Motion made, and Question proposed, " That the Amendments made by the Committee to the Bill be now read a second time:"—Amendment proposed, to leave out from the worth " That the" to the end of the Question, in order to add the words " Report to be taken into further consideration upon this day six months," instead thereof:— Question put, " That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Question." The goUse divided:— DITNORLTYAYVS . 6... - • ' ' . .. , - ... , , Austen, Colonel French, F. TILLERS. trotherton, Joseph Lindley, Charles Greene, Thomas Duncombe, Thomas Philips, Mark Estcourt, T. G. MAJORITY-NOES, 71. A'Caurt, Captain Elphlnstone, Sir H. Mostyn, E. M. L. Arkwright, George Esmonde, Sir T. Newport, Viset. Arundel, Earl of Evans, William O'Brien, A. Stafford Astell, William Ewart, William Crewmen, Daniel Baine, Walter Feliden, Sir W. Paget, Lord A. Barnard, E. G. Forster, Mathew Plumridge, Captain Barron, Sir H. Frewen, C. 11. Powlett, Lord W. Beckett, W. Fuller, A. E. Round, John Benbow, John Gore, Robert Smith, J. A. Bentinck, Lord G. Hatton, Captain Somers, J. P. Bernal, Ralph Hill, Lerd Marcus Strait, Edward Blackburne, J. I. Hodgson, R. Thompson, Ald. Bowring, Dr. Horsman, E. Thornely, Thomas Mroadwood, 11. Howard, P. 11. Tufnell, Hoary . Brown, W. " " Hume, Joseph Vane, Lord 11. Browne, W. Ilutt, William Wyse, Thomas Collett, W. IL Inglis, Sir R. 11. Wall, C. B. Collett, John James, William Wawn, J. T. Collins, William Layard, Captain Williams, W. Corbally, M. E. Lemon, Sir C. Wood, Colonel T. Craig, W. G. Lindsay, H. H. Wortley, J. S. Dennistoun, .T. Lowther, Hon. Col. Douglas, Sir H. Mackinnon, W. TELLERS. Duncan, George Mangles, It. D. Aglionby, 11. A. Duncombe, 0. Marshall, William Buller,:Edward MR. WEBSTER'S BENEFIT AT THE HAYMARKET THEATRE.—The benefit of Mr. Webster, the spirited lessee of the Haymarket Theatre, takes place to-morrow evening, being the 554th night of the season. Whenever, from want of public patronage, other theatres have been forced to close, every artiste of the least pretension to talent who has been, in consequence of such premature closure, thrown on the world without an engagement, has found a home at the Haymarket, and the histrionic talent of the metropolis has accordingly rallied round Mr. Webster on the present occa sion. Madame Anna Thillon, Madame Celeste, the Misses Cushman, and the Ethiopian Serenaders have, in the hand somest manner, given their gratuitous services, and will appear, supported by the whole strength of the regular Haymarket company, far and away the most complete company for comedy in the British dominions—perhaps in the world. But if the Haymarket has been the home of the destitute artiste it has been also the refuge of the distressed playgoer, who, shut out from ether theatres, has always been enabled to enjoy an evening's intellectual amusement of a high order at the Haymarket. The artistes hare shown their gratitude by rallying round Webster—let the playgoers do likewise. [ADVERTISEMENT.] how TO OBTAIN HEALTH WHEN LOST.—The wonderthi regenerating effects that Holloway'. Pills produce upon the whole system are truly astonishing. Tine surprising medicine perfecto , identities and assimilates itself win the blood and other fluids, while it removes from them all impu• rates ; it acts upon the stomach, the heart, the lungs, and the kid neys, and in its course so surely cleanses and invigurates thoec organs as to make the return of health the immediate consequence of a few doses of this wonder-working remedy. Persons of weal and debilitated constitutions are sure to regain theft health and vigou by their use, even when every other means have talled.—Sold by al medicine vendors; likewise at Professor Holloway's Establishment 244. Strand, London. Potato failures are reported to be on the increase, and the tendency to . sell in the drills is becoming prevalent. A fine field was bought this week at Greenfield—the best look ing,- crop we have seen—by Arr. W. Wilson, victualler, New. ton, eleven acres Scotch, at 15/ each. The disease has made its appearance in the vicinity of Dairy, and we have heard of four - different instances in which plots have been found to be affected. Should the weather prove favourable, shearing will hi commenced on the farm of Itye*olna, parka of X 41 1 7, ia 3 tortakOtwv.4o addrasen . • • 1 THE LATE CASE OF MILL " -R I" FLOGGING. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yester 13 .3), The jury re-asssembled at half-past two o'clock, tua inquiry was resumed — Dr. Hall said he was a graduate of St. Andrew's, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of London,. . and first class staff-surgeon in - the army. Saw the decease tc/ on the day of his death, on account of an order which he' , re ceived from Sir James 11PGreggor, with directions to get to Hounslow by the quickest conveyance, and arrived here a 1 twenty miutues past seven in the evening. He met I>r . Warren, and they proceeded to the hospital, where D r . Warren pointed out the deceased. Ile expired .in hip prey sence, at a quarter past eight o'clock. Dr. Warren stated., as a reason for sending for advice to me, that the man had J, had 150 lashes, and that he was labouring under inflamma- • • don of the chest. Treatment would have been of no use at.. that time, as the pulse had subsided at the wrist, and the man was dying. I looked at his back and found it healed_ Reported the fact of the man's death to Sir J. 31‘Greggor that night; also attended the post ?no rtem examination. Never heard anything about the probability of an inquest being held upon the deceased at that time. At the post mortm examination he took notes of the appearance of the body. Its appearance was that of a well-grown muscular man ; ilk' body was sot much wasted by disease ; there was the marl eta blister ;In the stomach, another on the back, below the shvaltier-blade, and marks of punishment across the shoulders, particularl)' across the right shoulder-blade, but the skin had quite n ea l e ,l, with the exception of a few boils. On opening the chest we ft. :!nd the right lung firmly attached to the diaphragm. On th e ft side there were recent adhe sions between the lung an d th e rib, the pluera was inflamed and about twelve ounce s o f fl u id 1::al forced into the cavity of the left pleura, whi c h h a d th e a p,' earance of recent in: gain mation, and contained shreds of lymph. The lung itself was gorged with'serulh, - and the muscular tis Sue sof t and easily torn. There was inflammation of all the meinbr..7l" of the heart. The inflammation extended a little way an.:ng s t . he pulmonary artery, and over th e sem i-l unar va l ve s at flas' commencement of the heart. The tendons between the cavities of the heart were matted together by the recent infusion of lymph. The pericardium did. not contain more fluid than natural. The liver was: enlarged beyond the margin of the ribs, and there was some inflammation in the large lobe. The sub: ance of the liver itself was not unhealthy. I should call it simply an enlarge ment of the liver unattended with disease ; all the other vessels of the belly were healthy. Did not examine the spine. The head was opened and the membranes of the brain were found congested. The skin was removed from the back at his request, to ascertain the nature of the tissue tw.- low, and might have been five or six inches, but it might have contracted much. All the tissu e s were perfectly natural —there was no trace of inflammation (the skin was produced). He said the true skin was not broken by the flogging, and was not cut away with the intention of secreting anything. .but, •to see the nature of the tissue below. The true skin he repeated was not got through. Attributed death principally to inflammation of the lung membrane of the heart, pluera and left lung. Ascribed the cause ofinflammation to the changeof the temperature at the time he was recovering. That waa the most likely thing he could ascribe it to. Could not at— tribute it to the flogging. A man belonging to the regiment. Life:l yesterday from inflammation. Mr. WAKLEY explained to the witness the reason why le?e dal not wish him to be present at the second examination the body by Dr. Wilson, yesterday ; the jury considered that the examination should be made by medical gentlemen un connected with the regiment; Dr. Hall then stated that during the whole course of his military experience he never heard men who had received corporal punishment complain of pains in the chest. lle had carefully examined the chest of Matthewson, and found that he did not labour under any inflammation of chest. Dr. Reid, Staff Assistant-Surgeon, Graduate of the 'Miter-- sit"- of Edinburgh, and Licentiate of the College of Surgeons of the same place a --Did not see the man during his iifc. Had made' post mortem examinations for the last thirteen years. llad heard the evidence of Dr. Hill, and agreed with him as to' the cause of the man's death, and the appearances of the. bAly, which he described at length. It was a difficult thing to determine the cause of inflammation. The punishment had nothing whatever to do with the cause of death. This was the first case he had ever heard, with the exception of the case of the man flogged by Govern2r Wall,of a man's death being cawed by flogging. Mr. Horatio Day, surgeon, of 'Acworth, wti . theti ex amined—Never saw the deceased alive, but maio a post, mortem examination of the body on the Thursday after the death, in company wide his partner. No one else was present. A post mortfon examination had been made before.. Opened the cavity of the chest and abdomen, parts of which he found very much decomposed. The heart appeared smaller than usual, and the muscular fibres softer than usual ; the lung of the heart was redder than usual, but it might have been caused by the previous examination of the organ. The lungs were gorged, and the pleura exhibited in flammation. The liver was larger and he thought paler than usual, but there was nothing peculiar in the appearance. Had heard all the evidence, and considered the immediate cause of death pletirsy and pneumonia, caused no do,iht from change of temperature from heat to cold. Mr. Erasmus Wilson, surgeon, Fellow of the Colleje of Surgeons, Consulting Surgeon to the St. Pancras Hospital , and lecturer on anatomy and physiology, in Middlesex" Hospital—Had written works on "Healthy and Unhealthy , Skin," and on the "Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Skin..".. Made a post mortem examination of the back of the deceased, at Heston churchyard, on Wednesday, the . ..12c1 of July. The body was very much decomposed. Dr. Hall here, at the request of the Coroner,rcad his report• to Sir James M'Greggor, which was simply detailed in the evidence adduced above. They were respectively handed in. The examination of Mr. Wilson was then proceeded with, and he read from a printed statement the result of his investi gation. The inflammation existed, though the skin and the muscles below were pulpy and soft, which had extended so deep as the lining of the chest. The spine was in great de composition, but healthy. Attributed the pulpy softening to the contraction of the muscles taking place during the agony of punishment. The report concluded by stating that the carporal punishment was the cause of the pulpy and dis ordered state cf the lungs. There could be no doubt that the. man would be alive now, like had not been flogged. After some further evidence, the inquest was again ad journed. THE LATE ACCIDENT ON 'T.C.IE EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY. An inquiry which lasted the entire day was commenced yesterday morning at ten o'clock before Mr. W. Baker, jun., and a respectable jury, at the Duke of Richmond Tavern, Allston, on the body of Mr. William Hind, aged 60, of No. Victoria Villas, Dalston, who died from the effects of the in juries he received by the late collision on the Eastern Coun ties Railway. Mr. Roney, the secretary, Mr. Scott, the superintendent of the line, Mr. Samuels, the resident engineer, and Mr. Duncan. the solicitor, attended to represent the company. Mr. Raw lings, a solicitor of Romford, appeared to watch the inquiry on behalf of the engine-driver and stoker. Mr. Francis Tobin, surgeon, of llackney, was first exa mined, and deposed to being called to the deceased on Saturday evening, the 18th, at half-past six o'clock. He complained of pain in the chest and abdomen. There were no external marks of injury, except a slight one ore the cheek. The deceased died on Friday morning, and on making a post mortem examination of the body, found quite sufficient internal injuries to account for death. lie understood the deceased was in the last carriage of the train, a portion of which fell upon his body. Such a pressure was sufficient to have produced the injuries that occasioned his death. John Arch, a coach-body maker, living in Prospect-row, :ThaWird, stated that he was walking up Angel-lane, near the station, when he heard the crash of the accident. He immediately hastened to the station, when he saw the deceased lying by the platform with a portion of the side of the second-class carriage in which he had been riding, resting upon him. Ile insisted in removing him into the station. James Backshaw, in the company's employ, spokc to similar facts. William Bush, a porter in the service of the company', said that he saw the deceased gentleman seated in a room of . the Stratford station. He assisted in removing him into a fly, and driving him to his residence. Mr. Benjamin Richardson, the Stratford station-master, was subjected to a very lengthened examination, occupying several hours. His testimony was precisely the same as that he adduced before the magistrates at Ilford, and which was filly reported in our columns of last Tuesday. He, however, gave a few additional facts, to the effect that if the signal had been on the down line side it certainly would have beer_ seen farther.. From the spot where the signal is first seen to• the platform of the station is 479 yards, and presuming an engine was travelling at thirty miles an hour when the sig nal was first, sighted, the distance was quite sufficient to enable it to..be.brought to. a stoppage ere it could reach Lb station. The witness underwent a cross liags which lasted until the close - an increase of officers at his sta tion,lle declared that there way 's b p y ro A c i proceedings. gs w : ex o a f m t i h n e at d i a o 3 n , about three months since. A copy instead of a decrease. The increase had taken place company to their engine-drivers and others in their employ, was here produced. Several of the rules were read as evi dence, from which it appeared that the engine -drivers and stokers were directed to pay most particular attention to all signals to stop, whether the cause of their being made is known or not. They were also enjoined on approaching Stratford Junction, to always give a loud continued whistle on approaching within a quarter of a mile. In another rule they were desired always to sound the whistle on nearing Stratford station. It being now near six o'clock, the Coroner adjourned the inquiry until this morning at ten o'clock. Ho was desired by the jury to write to the Board of Trade, for the purpose of obtaining the attendance of Captain Coddington, the deputy Government inspector of railways, so as to examine him on the experiments he made in the course of his official investi gation into the cause of the accident. The other sufferers by the accident are going on favourably. MURDER AT NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE- UPON-TYNE, SATURDAY Considerable sen sation was caused here this morning, by the discovery of the body of Robert Lowthin, the registrar of births, deaths, and marriages for the Gateshead district, in the river 'l'yne, near the high crane at Newcastle; and circumstances have since transpired which excite strong suspicion of his having been murdered. The police were dragging for a boy tamed Dickinson, who had been observed, on the preceding day, playing near the high crane, but had been since miss e d, when theylound the body f Dir. Lowthin. It appears, from inquiries that have been instituted, that Lowthin had oa Friday received his quarterly salary as registrar, and, at eight o'clock the same night he was in the Charles the Twelfth public-house, at the north end of Tyne bridge, when it was observed by the landlord that lie had a watch, and a considerable sum of money in his purse. lie was then in liquor. Ile was seen again about two o'clock on the morn ing of Saturday, by the superintendent of police in Gates head, in company with a notoriously bad character going to wards Newcastle. When his body was found, his watch and purse were missing. An inquest was opened to-night before Mr. Stoker, and evidence of identity having been re ceived, it was a dj ourne d t ill M on d ay. Th e man wi th wh om Lowthin was l a st seen i n company h as b e en apprehend e d ; and the police are actively engaged in pursuing inquiries, with a view to trace the watch, the number of which and. the maker's name are known. FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE SHEFFIELD, ASHTON. UNDER•LYNE, AND Maricimsrmtlanirmity.—On Saturday, a most melancholy accident occurred to "afi old man, eighty five years of age. It appears the deceased haVitig taken a ticket at the Oughtv-bridge station for Sheffield had•to wait the up-train from Manchester ; he therefore strolled down the line for a short distance, when, having turned the corner of a bridge, the nine o'clock express train from Sheleld sud denly came upon him, and before he had an opp9,nity of getting out of the way the train ran over him; 44Q 1 on the spot. the FA elephantßi•—Winotrhketnpeinacheadveeicaonmasmtoii7•ifl,xaelixeez=_li„..ti.coulta_alf posed cbieily of wood and Plostr!, c .`," 4 , 4 r o f about it. .4t the first blow t n dotroya ran out, uu toviti*s.i;f ; ;LA ) 1081.,