The Sun. — London, England, 1846-07-23 00:00:00

r'" d rem ew, vfottl 't of the Board peatedly mit& on, of the procee dinrgc, r o pposition , P t their line to l y to comPleteto Vie tip an d the Cenite; a still r an ea te d reP re l n Ti)elt terminus titled ourselves Would ) Durafr iel t n „osol )n to the P'"'"f r oto er of the li n , e h the together wit L es from the 7 1 7 - anobie are w e d to eve are prePfriat Ts, • that we sh_core and sb %t should preVolo o the Caled° 541. a ir test of the ca' ; they do not i i, edoniau C°L g Y- Sitr rf our Pur e " — A „ sad' elieve we :17,:h tl3 O unds on W O S - ap f cost and I should oder re to with oo ars t ot tle mural, P ARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS. aroni the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons.) WEDNESDAY, JULY 22. STANDING ORDERS' COMMITTEE. .ne following resolutions were reported from the above ~ornmitte That, in the este of the Dublin and Enniskillen Rqilway petition to proceed with the Bill, the sessional order ought to b e dispensed with :—That the parties be permitted to proceed With their Bill. r hat, i n t h e case of the Manchester an d Li nco l n U n i on Railway and Chesterfield and Gainsborough Canal petition, t he standing orde rs oug ht to be dispensed with :—That the P artie s be permitted to p r oceed with their Bill.—R eso l u tion s Feed to. ,_ Messenger s f rom t h e L or d s b roug h t up th e f o ll ow ing Bills, ,0 which their Lordships had agreed : toCounty Works Presentments (Ireland) Amendment Bill 13.,Tinn and Birmingham Railway (Leamington Extension) I,l,`JCaledonian Railway (Carlisle Deviation) Bill—North w Eh r r4A u l r i y ne , ra o l s‘ R v ailway (Deviation and Branches) Bill— estry, and Chester Junction and North w atts Mineral Railway Amalgamation Bill—Lough Swilly If: 1411 0 1 Foyle Drainage Bill—Severn Navigation Bill— C -1 7 Improvement Bill—Manchester, Bolton, and Bury erial Navigation and Railway Bill—Great Grimsby and eifield Junction Railway and Grimsby Docks Consolida man B ill—Portbury Pier and Railway (No. 2) Bill, without awrn ead ment—Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Rail- B ill —Liverpool and Bury and Manchester and Leeds mu n Y 8 Amalgamation Bill—lpswich and Bury St. Di anllo'es Railw a y ( N orw i c h E x t ens i on ) Bill—Huddersfi e ld Sheffield and Manchester and Leeds Railways Arnalga ,.,"nn Bill —Belfast Improvement Bill—Rothesay Municipal - " 44 1 . Police Bill—Lancaster and Carlisle Railway Extension Lee Lancaster and Preston Railway Amalgamation Bill— „s, Dewsbury, and Manchester Railway ( Deviations j t ", 4 t `i Branches) Bill—Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne, and Tannhester Railway, &c., Amalgamation Bill—Sheffield. 7 htn n - under-Lyne, and Manchester Railway (Peak A, e st and M acc l es fi e ld C ana l Purchase) Bill—Ken 'agton-lane, &c., Lighting, &c., Bill—Midland Rail foot, (Birmingham Extension) Bill—Tenby, Saunders and South Wales Railway Bill—Coventry, Nun lit,7.l; Birmingham, and Leicester Railway . Bill—Thack- A,; Clitlieroe, and North-Western Junction Railways .4, - ', 4l gaMation Bill—Grand Junction Railway (Huyton and on and other Branches) Bill—Airdrie and Coatbridge ti',iterworks Bill—Wath-upon-Dearne Improvement Bill— er;rnarnock Waterworks Bill—East Lancashire Railway' Lueviations and Branches) Bill, with amendments—Shrews an %vestry, and Chester Junction Railway (Crickheath and "em Lines) Bill—Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Chester b ~,,n et ion Railway (Extension and Deviations) Bill—Black and Preston Railway Bill—London and Brighton and don and Croydon Railways Consolidation Bill—Furness (vi r waY Exten s i ons Bill—L o nd o n and B r i g ht on R a il wa y andsvrorth Branch) Bill, with an amendment. °I/ENING OF THE RICHMOND RAILWAY. Yesterday being the day appointed for the formal open -4g of this line of railway, at two o'clock:a special train of 16 fed was . in readiness to convey those who had been in ml to the picturesque village which is the terminus of the ~me, there to partake the pleasures of a grand fete pre- Pared for them by the directors in commemoration of this ttlsPicious occasion. At a few minutes after the hour f at ned the train started, and moved slowly along te ma o in line of the South -Western for two miles ; it then turned to the right, and proceeded at a more rapid rate along the ne wly-constructe , l portion to Richmond. The pace though -°'• tootigreat, yet was sufficiently fast, and, from the ve h ry slight en on experienced, there is no doub when it a lo nger used all unpleasant motion will t entirely cease. s The distance from the junction with the South-Western to its terminus at Richmond is six miles, and a dead :evel the entire distance. The works are comparatively trifling, as regards engineering difficulties, and, with the exception of a somewhat long viaduct at Wandsworth, the line presents no peculiar feature. The country it traverses, as must be well known, is about the most beautiful in the vicinity of London. Exclusive of the Nine-elms' station, there are to be five Others, viz., on e a t W an d sworth, one at Putney, one at _ arnes, one at Mortlake, and one forming the terminus at R ichmond. These stations are not yet quite finished, but !rill be ready for the reception of passengers on the 27th in ln its stant, the time named for opening the line to the public. course the railway crosses four roads on the level, but these are so guarded as to prevent the possibility of an accident. ?On arriving at Richmond the station sented a gay ap ,arance decked out in flags with " W pre elcome," in large _ ar acters, over it s a pp roac h es ; w hil e t h e r i ng i ng o f b e ll s a l4l . d the str a i ns o f mus i c ushered in the first train. A second Lrabi followed at four o'clock, and excursion trains were run eg throughout the day for the benefit of the inhabitants of ti. lehn iund. By five o'clock a large party of ladies and gen te-,..rne.11 had assembled at the Castle, where a very grand en air.a,lntnent, in the shape of cold collation, accompanied by th toe delicacies of the season, was prepared to do honour to I,oe. occasion. At six o'clock about 400 sat down to this im- Yi ( 1, 11 .,g b anquet, and did amplejustice to the good things pro -4u for them by Mr. Ellis. Ee t , tll° ng those present were—Dr. Bowring, M.P., Sir J. W. 41 ( 1,4 ° ;,_ Alderman Humphery, Alderman Sir W. Magnay, Ald e Challis, Mr. A. Spottiswoode, Mr. W. Hawes, ,_ada m Lan Fareb ro th er , Alderman H. Hughes, Sir J. Mac sion:',ll% F. Kemble, Mr. B. Cohen, Mr. W. T. Leader, the /'a rn „.. l a. Browne, the Hon. and Rev. R. Eden, Alderman t nb, Mr. Sheriff Laurie, Mr. W. H. Budkin, the Lord w ( l, , Admiral Ross, Sir C. Wade, Mr. Sheriff Chaplin, Mr. Ktil 4 .„ 6 tttwick, Sir P. Laurie, Sir J. Duke, Sir Chapman AftZnitlr. Ralph Etwall, M.P., &c. Ad e - 9 1 e banquet the usual toasts on such occasions were nlotd e i to bumpers, and among them " Success to the Rich typ~illivav," which was drunk with the greatest en of A. splendid ball, to which the beauty and fashion ittntia: n eighbourhood were invited, concluded the day's gropemost ent, and dancing was continued to a late hour. The ors of this company may congratulate themselves on successful commeancement. The 1 3 RURY LANE THEATRE, thi s B russels company gave last night for the first time de i ci se asott, Auber's pleasing, sparkling opera, Les Diamans t'ouronne. Madame Laborde as the Catrina, although in eri ... or to Madame Thillon, was inferior only to that fas tiltwg prima donna. It was, however, in the acting rather th e si ng ing that tha chfference was felt, for the voca lization of Madame Laborde was marvellous. She was most niently supported by Mademoiselle Guichard, who sang a nd acted with great spirit and taste. The hero Don Menry „,..' ° and a most efficient representative in M. Boulo, a tenor, of t re at taste and of faultless execution, and M. Barrielle, as the aptai n of the a gof coiners, was excellent. The subor dinate charactegrsaw- were all admirably filled. The choruses Z! i fivell with great spirit, and the orchestra rendered the Bratop ng with of Auber with great taste and spirit. The blade °f Le Chalet followed, which Barrielle, Boulo, and ealni selle Guichard convulsed the house with laughter. FRENCH PLAYS.-ST. JAMES'S E ATR E. Made moiselle RachelTH repeated the character of Ph(dre th e even ing, on which occasion the theatre was honoured by of presence of her Majesty and Prince Albert. This part I,l,l:lledre, confess e dly th e mos t difficult to re n d er in the Wh ole of the French repertoire was magnificently given by s e r„ ll el last evening. Beautifully pathetic in the tender d2 tas--- heart-rending where she had to depict the agonies of cinir---she never for one moment forgot that she vas I les e 'n• There was something majestic even in her termer -112 ; but when, inspired by rage and hate, she gives way to thirst fur vengeance, she was sublime. The presence of tY seemed to inspire her with fresh energies, and her edre she h as of last evening is undoubtedly the greatest triumph yet achieved. Le it Majesty and Prince Albert was accompanied by Prince ki -19 ,-gen, and attended by the Countess Desert, the Hon. s e IS Verwent, Lord Byron, Colonel Arbuthnot, and Colonel atZ el „, n ar• Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, 1 - "‘-led by Lady Anna Maria Dawson, the Baroness de also George Sir George Cowper, and the Hon. Captain Murray, kr "' uonoured the performance with her presence. We eb :he(' also the Duchess of Sutherland, the Duke and li ti r —es s of Montrose, the Countess of Carlisle, Viscount : c i r ,D e th, Viscount and Lady Marian Alford, Lady Georgina tre s ,, -e gt° l3 , the Marquis of Titchfield, Lady Grenville, Lady can Bruce, Lady Dillon, Lady Glentwurth, Viscount Dun -1,4,77, Lady Goldsmid, Lady Campbell, the Earl of Auck- At u - ,,,',a (1 3 7 Lilford, Lady Jodrell, Mons. Carafari, Don Tones t r „ - i'"3', the Hon. R. Gore, Lady Harriet Baring, Hon. F. ' the Baroness de Calshella, Sir C. Vaughan, Hon. Mr. aokenzie, Sir G. Barker, Hon. R. Dundas, &c., &c. - t" 4II v ANT) FLoRAL FETE or THE RoYAL SOUTH LoN .I-ORICULTuRAL SOCIETY.—This society held their third z„, s a ti,d flower show, yesterday, at the Royal Surrey a '°gical Gardens, and often as we have had occasion to e lesk in terms of praise of the different shows of this so itletY, we have never yet seen one so justly entitled to un ualified e ncom i um as the present. The improvement in e shows i s most marked since the gardens came into the v r esent proprietor's hands ; all the arrangements are liberal 1 1 ;1 excellent, and cert i ti r nll , r Te t v h i r l in; - „ , lef v atifable exertio d ns i o i f th i tl e te en ea c i r l o ie w e n t crowned with pre o s s e t nt secretary,e pleteu An e ;ong a st e greti li conc ce ourse of the nobility and gentry who thronged ..a the, gar d en s during the day, was his Roy a l Hi g h ness the of Cambridge and the Prince of Mecklenburg Strelitz, Who expressed in very warm terms to Mr. Tyl er th e i r en tire satisfaction with all the arrangements. A great number of medals were distributed among the most successful corn- Pri miscellaneous l f l or theshonours of the day. For the best collection o plants the gold Victoria medal was awarded to lr. e Acres •, and for the second best collection, the gold Adelaide medal to Mr. Bruce. For 12 white ground picco te. es, the Rev. A. Matthews became the winner of the gold Adelaide medal ; and for carnations Mr. Holloway obtained 4'aitnilar prize. For the best collection of plants in the I)l nserymen's class, the gold Adelaide medal was won by t he Yairbai rn ; an d f or th e b est s i ng l e p l an t ( an y genus ) Zsilver Victoria medal was awarded to Mr. Dawson. The renablage of company was very numerous; in the course of g at : l4 3' many thousands of persons must have entered the attra ct: In addition to the show of flowers there was the usual °: 3 `,.,",:ms of th e b an d o f M r . G o df re y, an d a t dusk a dis atie:mAre-works.. The late showers have considerably Present-- t he turf and flower beds, and the gardens now k4te u ,„ v ery pleasing and refreshing coup d'sil. eke 6 -11 NE GARDENS.—The attempt to revive the hrity, b .'" ' W hich in former days, Ranelagh obtained its cele and-t," a s repeated here yesterday, with considerable success, ed are attire retire- especially when the difficulties to be surmount thi The grounds here are superior to any are oVnich Ranelagh ever possessed, and the arrangements al , scale of magnitude and expense which would have Iti 4 11 — '1 the gett ers u p of public festivities a century ago. tef t e Zanclueting-room, an apartment large enough for the _ of a thousand persons, a banquet was spread by la f . Ellis of the Italian Opera-house. In the open area Vre?l.,‘,„ ° ! t of this ele ' , ant room was an enormou oc agou „'""'s, filled wi'll ' 'musicians, and on the other side of this Platform for ' dancing. The whole was in the evening larn-Leinated by Chinese lanterns and thousands of smaller . tiP s, of various colours. The band was under the di ec.-. ba,7, l ° f M. Laurent jun. There was a'so a very efficient of chorus singers ' from the Queen's Theatre and the onelent Concerts, over whom M. Talernbert, of the Italian r:ra, presided. To render the scene more complete, and to i t , : I le more fully the days of Ranelagh, a numerous group tr e ,j costume of the days in which that place of popular re verel°ll was in its glory were in attendance, and to them 1 14 added chairmen with sedans, and a host of employes ti tn " e qe in the quaint but not inelegant garments of bygone siti , i s • The music was principally selected from the compo ear°C3 of Dr. Arne. Messrs. G. Cook, Laurent, juii., and e ven: Performed some excellent i nstrumental solos. I n t h e t i % „ o need g i the celebrated d ance , " Si r R oger d e C over l e y," was Well- costume, and, in conclusion, Mr. M or tr a m, the Works n( T r n P y rotechnist, displayed a brilliant show of fire gavehe hole was well arra nge d an d con d uc t e d, an d th e great satisfaction to the multitudes assembled. This is hiei°.°ln e encement of a series of similar entertainments W eime _ct it is intended to give in these grounds. The spe tren;:f Yesterday augurs well for future exertions and pa- Tr ( th ere -c,NGLisri CHOLERA.—Within the last few days Polka s been an enormous increase at the various metro -I.e__ n hospitals and dispensaries of English cholera in a iffuenacute form. It is attributable more to atmospheric 94 1 i" blde.e than the use of fruit, to which it is generally THE SUN, - LONDON, THURSWAY,, EVENING, JULY 23, 1846. CALEDONIAN ASYLUM The twenty-ninth anniversary festival of this excellent Institution took place yesterday, at the Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen-street. The Hon. Patrick Maxwell Stuart, M.P., presided on the occasion. Among the gentlemen present on this occasion, we ob served :—Lieutenant-Colonel Coiquhoun, Lieutenant-Col. Chalmers, Hector Rose, Esq., J. S. Forbes,Esq., Col. Turner, G. Anderson, Esq., W. S. Mackenzie Keith, Esq., Captain J. Lamont, R.N., C. Forbes, Esq., Alexander Gillespie, jun., Esq., Robert Hartie, Esq., F. W. Buchan, Esq., Professor Campbell, Sir W. Ross, Bart., J. Wilson, Esq., Dr. A. Tweedie, A. B. Chisholm, Esq., Rev. Dr. Canning, Rev. W. Nicholson, Rev. W. Chalmers, Rev. J. Lorimer, Dr. Archer. The gallery was filled with ladies. A considerable number of the guests present were dressed in their rich national cos tume. The band of the Fusileer Guards was in attendance, and enlivened the company by several appropriate national airs. The cloth having been removed, the Rev. Dr. Archer re turned thanks; the Non Nobis was then sung in excellent style by the vocalists, under the direction of Mr. Moody. The CHAIRMAN, in rising to propose the first toast said, Gentlemen, before I proceed to the discharge of the unex pected duty which has devolved upon me, allow me to assure you that it is not my fault that you are not honoured to night with the company of a duke ; for some reason or other he is absent from that duty, and it has devolved upon one, whom I hope may be styled your old:friend—at any rate I may lay claim to that honour which belongs to the adage that one volunteer is worth two pressed men. Gentlemen, it needs very little ability for a person to preside upon such an occasion as the present, supported as I am by friends of this excellent charity.—(Cheers.) Gentlemen, unprepared. as I am, however, in head to preside upon the present occa sion, I assure you that you shall have the utmost support from my heart and hand, and I hope that will be sufficient to induce you to support me in my unexpected po sition. I will give you now that toast which is always first in every list, foremost in every feeling and in every community in this loyal country. I give you our beloved Sovereign, under a designation which will, I am sure, be enough to endear it to every person pre sent I give you, " Her Majesty the Queen, the patroness of the Caledonian Asylum."—Drunk with three times three. The National Anthem was then sung. The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the next toast, said, that he was happy to say, that the most distinguished feature of the royal personages of this country was, that they were constantly personally connected with the charitable institutions of this great country. He had great pleasure in proposing the health of the "Queen Dowager, the patroness of the Institution." — The toast was drunk with the usual honours. GI ee—" Spring's Delights." The CHAIRMAN said, the next toast he had to propose was the health of " His Royal Highness Prince Albert, Albert the Prince of Wales, and the other branches of the Royal Family." The only remark he had to make on that toast was, that they did that which in Scotland was considered a great fault —they separated the " gude man and the gude wife."— (Cheers). In giving that toast, he wished the royal family would fill the station they were called to in a manner worthy of the interests of this great country.—Drunk with three times three. Glee—" Long life to the Prince and the Queen." The next toast which the CHAIRMAN had to propose he hoped would not be treated as a mere routine toast ; situate as this country was in its insular state, and dependant as they were upon their own energies for their existence, he thought the toast should not be received as a mere matter of form. He could never give the Army and Navy of England without feeling his pulse quickened, and he was sure the company present would feel with him upon that point. He had great pleasure in proposing " The Army and Navy, our gallant defenders by sea and land." Colonel TURNER, R.A., returned thanks for the army, and Lieutenant T. S. LEAN for the navy. Song—" Rule Britannia." The children of the school were here introduced, and marched round the room, preceded by the pipers, who played the old and well-known Scottish air, "Bonnie Laddie." The CHAIRMAN then rose and said—l think you will all agree with me that this is the most interesting, if not the best course which has been served up to us during this even ing. I consider it a great privilege to be allowed to give you the simple, the unadorned toast, of the Caledonian Asylum, and may the offspring of the brave never want a protector. —(Cheers.) It may sound strange in these fine days of peace to talk of the offspring of the brave requiring a pro tector. But we must keep to our original institution. The in stitution was originally projected for the purpose of educating the children of soldiers, sailors, and marines, natives of Scotland who have died, or been disabled in the service of their country, and of indigent Scotch parents residing in London, not en entitled to parochial relief. When I recollect our first small beginning, when some few half-dozen Scotch volunteers engaged in this work of charity, and when I now look around me, and see the little phalanx by which I am surrounded, I ask you if this is not a progressive and progressing work ; and when the heart is right, I am sure there is no person who will not join with me in drinking " Prosperity to the Cale donian Asylum."—(Cheers.) I can tell you, and my elder brethren will vouch for it, that those whom we have educated and brought up in these schools have gone forth into this wide and busy world, and have been eminently successful. And if you ask me for these 130 small vouchers which you see around you, I will tell you that they shall be pre served pure as we received them ; and we hope, by the bless ing of God, to send them forth distinguished ornaments in the spheres they may be called to move in. —(Cheers.) Gentlemen, I am here to-night not only as your passing chairman, but as your permanent treasurer ; and I am, there fore, responsible for the due administration of your revenues ; and, if you will it, I care not being responsible for your debts.—(Cheers.) We have here an account which shows an immense balance against the Company. This balance has been occasioned by a work of charity, and by our en deavours to fill up every niche in the building which we have erected for the shelter of the helpless and the suffering offspring of the brave. We have a balance sufficient to turn out an administration or to sink a nation—(Cheers)—a balance of 2,8811. for the last year. And yet I feel so much confidence in your charitable feellngs and Christian sympathies that I am perfectly willing to become bond for the debt —(Cheers.) The sum of 4,5001., has been expended in enlarging our institution, and in affording the means of relieving those among us who till lately we were excluded from relieving. I mean the female portion of suffering humanity, and I cannot fear for the result of this large debt.—(Cheers.) Well now we are in for it ; we are like a little nation—we are doing good and getting into debt, and if we do not rescue ourselves from it all I say is, that we are not worthy of being called citizens of this country.— (Cheers.) There is one fact to which I will call your attention. Last year the Caledonian Ball realised 6951. The managers of that society generously handed over the whole amount to this society; this year, owing to the failure of ,the potato crop or some other cause—(Laughter)—the proceeds from the ball has been only 430/. I intend to make application to the society for the whole of that sum, and I will stand between you and them if they do not give you the whole of it.—(Cheers.) There have been, I am aware, several subjects which have marred the unanimity of our proceedings, but those questions are, I hope, HOW all at rest—the present meeting is one of peace.—(Cheers.) Let unity and peace be among us.—(Renewed cheering.) Let us abandon minor points of difference, and rest satisfied with what we can accomplish in the cause of charity and love, in the cause of suffering humanity, and then our efforts will be commensurate with the founda tion of an instituticn worthy of the metropolis of England. I give you, therefore, with all my heart, "The Caledonian Association, and may unity and peace prevail among its members, and may the offspring of the brave in this and ' every clime never need a protector." . . would ever be ready to promote the interests of the institu tion by all themeans in their power. The SEC dETARY then read a second formidable list of do nations and subscriptions to the society. Song—" Scots wha ha'e wi' Wallace bled." The toast was " The Clergy who have kindly taken an in terest in the proceedings," which was duly responded to by the company. The toast which followed was "The guests who have honoured us with their company." Comic song by Mr. Moody. The remaining toasts were, " The Vice •Presidents and Directors of the Institution," and " The Stewards of the day." These having been disposed of, the company broke up at a late hour. MILITARY FLOGGING. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Having read your excellent article on the military flogging at Hounslow, perhaps a few observations from one who was formerly a light cavalry officer for several years may not be amiss. Sir, I have witnessed a great deal of corporeal punishment inflicted on soldiers, and invariably noticed that it took effect on the chest ! weak or consumptive men suffering a great deal more. The wounds on the back were invariably small, compared to internal suffering. The heavier the instrument of pun ishment the greater was the internal injury. And a lesser number of blows with a heavy instrument, produce more internal suffering by lesser wounding of the back, than a vastly greater number of blows with a light wea pon, which only affects the skin comparatively. Ten or one dozen blows with a heavy instrument would do more internal injury to a weak constitution than one hundred with a light instrument. Further, I beg to observe, that in corporealpunishments you cannot ascertain the state of the ema n during the infliction, but by feeling the pulse. As the greater severity is felt internally, a man may walk, aye, or even ride, after flogging, and yet be dan gerously affected internally. Further, Sir, it would be of no disadvantage to the public to inquire what article of war, or army regulation, allows the substitution of strong, or any man whatever, for the trumpeter, drum mer, or bugler? Trumpeters are not boys—they must be responsible individuals, as they have to accompany flags of truce, and are liable to be enticed into conversa tion with the enemy. Further, Sir, I would ask, what regulation or article of war authorises the substitution of thicker cats for the regulation instrument. Perhaps, Sir, Mr. Wakley, who is so very eminent a public magistrate, may not be aware of the above circumstances. Sir, I do not wish in any way to prejudice the British army, but, Sir, flogging is not the way to improve faults. Sir, that man who has been flogged in variably becomes an habitual drunkard. I never saw a case in which he did not, let him be ever so sober before. Sir, a man who may have been one of the best in the troop, looked up to by comrades, teaching or helping others to clean bridles, bits, stirrups, scabbards, &c., which old hands have a great knack in—such a man gets by chance into a drunken frolic ; and is con demned to be flogged, because, Sir, old hands are seldom liked by sixteen year old comets; and steady men are not over apt to be forward in rendering menial service to officers. Sir, if such a man be the best in the regiment, he is done for after corporeal punishment ; he is an al tered man ; he no longer attempts to lead on his com rades by advice or example ; and by degrees the others lose that involuntary respect they felt before ; because he himself no longer has the strength of mind necessary. Sir, even without education (which is so much wanted) men can be led without flogging. Drunkenness is the only failing in our service, and by flogging it is rendered worse. If officers sixteen years old are admitted, they cannot bet hurt the service. Young men of rich family —boys in fact—enter a cavalry regiment, that they may dress in an expensive, useless, foreign national costume. They see the soldiers only on parade, and until they become captains have no responsibility. The serjeants are expected to do and be everything, and the case of Mathewson may show the advantage of having officers only for the parade ground. The riding master (risen from the ranks in general) teaches the men to ride, and their own troop officers do not ; serjeants teach the foot exercise, and only the officer on duty attends, to look on or not, as suits himself. The greater part of the regimental and squadron drill falls on the adjutant ; and yet every troop of 43 men has three educated offi cers who should do all this ; and should instruct their own men, and corporals, and serjeants, in the smallest detail. But nothing of the kind ever is the case; very few cavalry officers who have seen no service, know anything of fitting bridles, bits, saddles, baggage, rolling cloaks, cleaning arms and accoutrements, &c., conse quently they care not for the men ; nor do these latter look up to them. And yet, Sir, this mutual confidence is absolutely necessary. If it existed, then the officers would know their men and their faults, and endeavour to forestall all cause for punishment. As a proof of this I need only adduce the fact, that the most showy, gaudy, un-English dressed regiments have the most shocking punishments. Because your foreign na tional costume, useless for all purposes of war, and ex tremely expensive, attracts the younger sons of rich families. You will find, Sir, that the working regiments have hardly any punishment compared to your Hussar and Lancer fashionables, fit only for Bond-street pave ment strutting. People talk - of the army as if it were only the officers, who are merely the handles of the thing. The poor neglected soldiery, Sir, they are our army, and this officers feel when they are on outpost duty; when they are glad if the " common soldiers" will procure them food and shelter, or make them a bed to keep them from the soaked ground; then, Sir, officers turn kind to sol diers all of a sudden. There, Sir, your bad imitators of foreigners' costumes learn something besides driving, dressing, drinking—(vide Captain Maxwell's Stories of Waterloo, chap. 14,)—t0 which catalogue of cavalry officers' accomplishments I may add flirting with other men's wives. Sir, English soldiers are better riders, better mounted, armed, clothed, fed, and furnished in every respect than the French; and yet, Sir, in remark able contrast to British Infantry, Colonel Napier's Pen insular war allows the superiority of the French cavalry. And why ? Becaus e th ere every su b a lt e rn knows, can instructin, and does instruct in, every branch of the service, the platoon of non-commissioned officers and men committed to his charge. Let our subalterns do the same; havin g a l ways the same men an d non-com missioned officers , and every person always keeping his own horse, and I w ill warrant that t h ere s h a ll b e no necessity for corpo rea l pun i s h men t, an d o ur c a v a lry a s . superior manceuvering and order as it is in everything else. Your obedient servant, A CONSTANT READER. I produce no facts, nor mention names, as I wish to render a service to the British cavalry. N.B. A few years since, several foreign nobles, offi cers of cavalry for the most part, visited a British cavalry barracks near London ; and these foreign offi cers were much astonished to find that no English officer present could explain anything relating to bridling, blanket laying, saddling, packing, and other accoutre ments, when a colonel present, luckily stepped forward to supply the deficiency. Sir, the foreign prince who mentioned the case, informed me that all the subalterns of his regiment could explain anythingknown to corporal or private, which they themselves also taught to the men. I could mention names ; also that of the colonel, who has written a work--I believe it is the author of Hints on Horsemanship'--who alone knew what was required. ASSOCIATE INSTITUTE. On Tuesday a very numerous and highly-respectable meeting was held at the Hanover-square Rooms, for improving and enforcing the laws for the protection of women. The sacred rights and duties of society were deeply and solemnly brought home to the feelings of all ladies and gentlemen by the simple yet impressive prayer of the Lord Bishop of Norwich, who, at the instance of the Noble Chairman (Lord Robert Grosvenor, M.P.), prefaced their holy and heartfelt efforts with the sancti tying unction of an appeal to the Throne above. After prayers, _ The CHAIRMAN expressed his fervent hopes that their efforts to check vice and crush the vile and insi nuating craft of seduction, would be favoured by Al mighty God, and fostered by the united virtue of man. He considered that the motives which actuated those assembled in that room argued well for the advancement of virtue, and for the suppression, if not the annihilation of vice. He did not intend to enter into the minute details on which that society was formed, for such would be almost an outrage on common decency, and a grievous offence to the chaste ears of the delicacy and virtue which favoured the meeting with coming e mf felt i f t oa n rpw e c a at e r dh s y s a t o r o y r si t ug o pn r po e or m ra tn a cs r k oe Hs c tt oe u wa rs in great t t h h a e i t r presenceanand society good . were . —(Hear.) ae of the evils. entailed by the abominable system of se duction, now so rife, but from a false modesty, which in duced them to keep aloof from so necessary a duty.— (Hear, hear.) It should be remembered that this society was the offshoot of another, which was esta blished for the protection of young females. The utility of its operations failed, because of the inatten tion of those who should rather blush to evade espousing its cause than to advocate it. The object of this meeting is to give an account of stewardship for the last year, during which this Society had been in existence ; and also to induce the benevolent and philanthropic to extend their sup port, and to identify themselves amongst a body the most useful and meritorious of any in the land. He said of the land, because its baneful influence, as was well known, had extended from one part of the island to the other. Every man who regards society, who re spects his family, who reverences his God, must see the great and paramount importance of this society. He hoped that many would speedily advance to acknow ledge their ready willingness to support it ; and as sured the meeting, that though it may not in celerity succeed according to the wishes of some, yet, that it would never go back, but always proceed with the firmness and precision which ever characterises a virtu ous cause. He had many zealous and able supporters, and without any comparison, he should mention the name of his Hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham (Mr. Spooner), who had nobly brought the matter before the House of Commons, and who was still de termined to obtain a remedy at the hands of the Legis lature for so baneful a plague-spot on society,—(Hear.) Mr. NEWMAN, the secretary, then read the report, which showed that 45C1. had been collected for the last twelve months, and that different essays had been made to induce the Government to take the subject in hand. Lord INGESTRE rose to propose the first resolution; and said that the clear and perspicuous way in which the report was made, left it a very easy matter for him to be a supporter of the cause. Every item was most accurate, and the crying evil was now so prevalent, that he wondered how any one could refrain from giving their mite in accordance with the dictates of virtue and nature, and more in compliance with the behests of Al mighty God. He much deplored the evils as being almost as prevalent in the provincial parts of England as in the metropolis. He concluded by moving the fol lowing resolution:—" That the report now read be adopted, and that it be printed and circulated, under the elirection of the Committee." Mr. HANSARD rose to second the resolution. He ex pressed himself highly pleased with the object of the society; for he was fully convinced it had done, and would do great good to the community at large. To one part of it, however, he should object—namely, that of not using every effort for the suppression of prostitu tion, which did not appear to him to come within the pale of their design. They seemed to overlook prosti tution, whilst they denounced seduction. He had hoped that their main object was to put down prostitution and seduction by every means possible. He thought the best mode of encountering those evils was by assidu ously guarding against the proximate cause, and by en deavouring to sustain human nature in the purity of first principles. The Noble CHAIRMAN explained the misconception. Mr. HANSARD felt perfectly satisfied with the ex planation, for he remarked that it would be contrary to all rectitude to abet vice by a connivance at its com mission, as he previously understood the matter. He concluded by seconding the resolution. The Lord Bishop of NORWICH said that it was to him a painful matter that necessity obliged him, on the part of virtue, to allow the words of this, the second, reso lution, to escape his lips, as more did he feel that the chaste hearing of the tender and virtuous females present should be subject to such an outrage, no less true than deplorable, in a country such as England, famed throughout the world for its grandeur and civilisa tion. " Well," said he, " may we commence our morning prayer to the God of Heaven. He alone can grant that success to this cause of virtue, through which the human heart can be cleansed ; to Him are we to look forward for the advancement of purity, and not to man. By this resolution we have lifted the veil; but were it lifted higher it would disclose the awful evils of human nature and its concomitant punishments, which are by no means seemly, or adapted to the presence of you my female friends." In the line they were resolved to pursue he knew of insuper able difficulties presenting themselves; yet he trusted that perseverance in so just a cause would mitigate the suffering of unfortunate humanity, and ultimately re ward the praiseworthy efforts of that society, by the consciousness of doing right. He knew of many who, in his own neighbourhood, were forced to flee the so ' ciety of the virtuous, because of their evil practices, and he doubted not but man would be much improved were he aware that his company was objectionable when stained with any of the practices of this resolution. He was very much astonished at the receipt of only 4504, as had been read from the report. He thought 450,0001. should have been acknowledged by the secretaay. For an opera-box, per annum, or for a private breakfast 4504 would be given, and must he be told, that for the promotion of virtue and the suppression of crime, only 450 L had been obtained for a whole year from, not the mighty metropolis, but the entire of England. He deeply regretted such apathy, and assured those present that none knew the misery and wretchedness so well as the clergy. To see the hectic colour burning on the cheek and firing the heart of many an unfortunate victim, was to him a frequent scene. He hoped that those whose misery had been oc casioned by the procurer and seducer would meet a mer ciful judgment, whilst the vile seducer should necessa rily suffer here and hereafter. The CHAIRMAN then read the resolution :—" That this meeting deeply deplores the existence in this country of a widely-organised and systematic traffic in seduction and prostitution, carried on by the agency of the brothel keeper and the procurer, which supplies the ranks of prostitution by a recourse to the most subtle and de testable arts directed to ensnare and effect the ruin of young and unprotected females, and which inflicts upon its victims all the miseries of a cruel as well as a de grading slavery." Mr. BUCKINGHAM seconded the resolution. He briefly remarked, that there was a necessity for the protection of morality—of calling vices by their true names. He exemplified the sacred scriptures as a corroboration of his opinions, and hoped that every father and mother who regarded the virtue of their children would join them. Mr. BEGGS (of Leicester), with considerable energy, and talent of a very high order, pointed out the preva lence of profligacy in England. He asserted that no country in Europe, Asia, or America, was equal to Eng land in vice. He hoped that the system of trade in se duction would be broken down by this institution, and promised them, on his return to Leicester, where there is a population of 50,000, he would use every effort to check that system. 'When he was chief magistrate there, he, on inquiry, found that there were 60 brothels ; but such, he hoped, would not be the case for the future, relying, as he did, on his excellent friend the Noble Chairman, and on the zealous advocate of virtue, Mr. Spooner.—(Hear, hear.) He then read the following resolution That the system of trading in seduction and prostitution has grown up and is now carried on with out any check, notwithstanding the exertions of societies for the protection and reformation of women. And the experience of past efforts proves the cause of their failure mainly to consist in the want of due facilities for the execution of the existing law against the brothel keeper, and in the defi c i enc y o f t h at l aw i tse lf i n not declaring the procurer to be criminal equally with the brothel keeper." Mr. SPOONER seconded the r eso l u ti on , an d prom i se d his co-operation to the Noble Chairman in support of so goop a cause. He thought that their political feelings of difference should be merged when the crying call of prostrate virtue demands relief. Mr. EDWARD WEST considered it the duty of every man in society to lend his assistance to protect female helplessness, and felt much pleasure in proposing the fourth resolution:—" That this meeting cordially ap proves of the attempt which is now being made by the Associate Institution to remedy the existing deficiency in the law, by introducing into Parliament a Bill formed the principle of rendering the procurer criminally responsible, and of effectually facilitating legal proceed ings against all offenders." Mr. G. ROPER seconded the resolution. Mr. ARTILTRY proposed, and Mr. BIICK.I2IGHAISI seconded, that Lord R. Grosvenor leave the Chair, and that Mr. Spooner be called thereto. The thanks of the meeting wore then voted to the Noble Lord for his zeal and efficiency in the cause of suffering humanity. The Noble Lord (GaosvENon) returned thanks; and several contributions were handed in, amongst which we noticed that of Luke Hansard, Esq., 251. W. read in a Swiss paper :—" Professor Schonbein recently presented to the Society of Natural History of Basle a specimen of cotton prepared by him, more inflammable than gunpowder, and exploding with a capsule. Several trials were made with it. A small quantity, equal to the sixteenth part of an ounce, placed in a gun, carried the ball with such force that it perforated two planks at a distance of fifty-eight paces, and at another time, with the same charge, and at the same distance, drove a ball into a wall to the depth of three and three-quarter inches. In some other ex periments a dram of cotton sent a ball three-quarters of an ounce in weight to a distance of 200 paces, where it pene trated a deal plank to the depth of two inches. A portion of this cotton, when placed on an anvil and struck with .a hammer, caused a loud detonation, without, however, the cotton taking fire. The cotton is of a very superior quality, and, what is most extraordinary, its inflammable property is not destroyed by its being thrown into water and afterwards dried." DEATH OF LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL, G.C.B. An elder brother of the Premier, and a distinguished member of the ducal house of Bedford, has ended his days rather prematurely, for the subject of this notice was only two years older than Lord John Russell. The deceased nobleman was the second son of the late Duke of Bedford, but he was born during the lifetime of the preceding Duke ; his father, therefore, was then known as Lord John Russell, because, though he eventually succeeded to the dukedom, he was not the eldest son of his house. Lord George Wil liam Russell, of whose life and character we now propose to give a brief account, has been usually called Lord William Russell, ever since the peath of his uncle, who was murdered by Courvoisier. His Lordship was born in Harley-street, London, on the Bth of May, 1790, and he had therefore at the 1 time of his lamented death only just completed the 56th year of his age; his mother was the first wife of the late Duke, and second daughter of George, fourth Viscount Torrington. I Being destined for the military profession, a com mission was obtained for him at a very early age ; and he was gazetted as cornet in the Ist Dragoons on the sth of February, 1806, just three months before he had com pleted his 16th year; he was in a few months afterwards raised to the rank of a lieutenant, and entered upon the duties of active life some years earlier than the usual age at which youths go to college. Of his scientific or classical attain ments there is therefore little to be related. Bat he pos sessed a competent knowledge of modern languages, and he derived from nature that which is far more valuable than any information which preceptors can communicate—a sub stantial fund of common sense. This quality a large inter course with camps and courts did not fail materially to extend and strengthen. When he had reached the age of 18 he was entrusted with the command of a troop in the 23d Dras goons. He served on the staff at the siege of Copenhagen in 1807, and embarked with the 23d Dragoons for Lisbon in 1809, where he landed with that regiment, and accompanied them to the battle of Talavera, on which occasion he was wounded. At Cadiz he served as Aide-de-Camp to Lord Lynedoch, and he served subsequently as Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of Wel lington on several occasions ; amongst others, at the battle of Vittoria. To this enumeration of his services we may add that he was present at the storming of San Sebas tian, and that he accompanied the British army on its en trance into France, having been at the battles of Orthes and Toulouse, for the latter of which he received a medal. The brevet of November, 1841, raised him to the rank of Major General. Before the siege of San Sebastian he had ceased to be a cavalry officer, having obtained a majority in the 102 d Regiment of Infantry, and he became a Colonel by brevet in the month of April, 1814. The war being ended, he, of course, returned with the rest of the army, and continued in command of his regiment at its various quarters in England and. Ireland, as well as at Corfu. He continued this some what listless sort of life until his political friends got into power in 1830. Whatever might have been thought amidst the select circle of his intimate acquaintance, the world at largo bad no reason to suppose that he pos sessed any talents to fit him for diplomatic life; but Lord John Russell was then Paymaster of the Forces, and the influence of the house of Bedford, quite in the ascendant ; Lord W. Russell, therefore, attach e d hi mse lf, w i t h every prospect of success, to one of our most important foreign embassies, that of Sir Robert Adair, who represented England in the Netherlands during that struggle between Holland and Belgium which ended in placing King Leopold upon the throne of the latter country. Every one remembers that there was not only much negotiation, but some fighting upon that occasion, and the military experience of Lord William Russell proved a valuable adjunct to the skill in ne gotiation for which Sir Robert Adair had been justly cele brated. As the results of those proceedings belong more to the history of Europe than to a personal narrative, we may proceed to state that this debut of Lord William Russell as a diplomatist proved so successful that in the following year he was sent on a special mission to Lisbon, the ob ject of which was to assist in arranging the differ ences which prevailed among the members of the house of Braganza, and to endeavour to restore that public tranquillity, the enjoyment of which is unfor tunately often interrupted in Portugal; this mis sion was not terminated until the month of March, 1834 ; he then spent about six months in England. In the month of September following his return from Portugal he received the appointment of Minister Plenipotentiary at Wurtemburg, which he held till November, 1835, when he succeeded Lord Minto as British Ambassador at Berlia. and at that Court he represented the British Government till, on the accession of Sir Robert Peel to power in September, 1841, he resigned, and was succeeded in that important office by Lord Burg hersh, now Earl of Westmoreland. He had received the civil Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1833 for his diplo matic services, and in 1841 the order of Leopold of Belgium (Ist class). As he had never shown, or at least never culti vated, the talents which secure Parliamentary distinction, he did not, on resigning his embassy, seek to obtain a seat in the House of Commons; so that, since the close of the last. Melbourne Ministry, he was not called upon to participate in public affairs. For some time past he had been very se riously indisposed. It was, we believe, at Genoa, whither he ' had gone for the benefit of his health, that the deceased no bleman breathed his last.— Times, SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. I SOUTHAMPTON RACES.—TUESDAY (CoNcLuDED.) The Maiden Plate of 3ul. added to a Sweep of three sous. each ; 3 yrs, 7st 51b ; 4 yrs, Bst 61b ; 5 yrs, Bst 10 1 b ; 6 yrs and aged 9,4. Mares, &c., allowed 31bs. Winner to be sold f,x 1001. Heats, once round and a distance. (8 Subs.) Mr. W. Sadler's Messenger, 3 yrs.. ... ......... (A. Day) 1 1 Mr. Nunn's fby Samarcand, 4 yrs 2 2 Mr. W. Etwall's fby Discord, 4 yrs several others started. Won by a : length. WED N ESDAY. The Stoneham Park Stakes of 10 sous each, h ft, and three only if declared, with 50 added. Two miles. Mr. Death's Subduer, 6 yrs, Bst3lb (Wakefield) 1 Mr. H. Cochrane's Lady Charlotte, 5 yrs, Bst 71b Mr. B. Girdlestone nd Wild Roe, 4 yrs, 7st 101 b 3 Mr. Fleming nd Stittenham, 4 yrs, Bst 41b Mr. Crofton's Zuleika, Est 101 b, and Mr. T. Bray nd br f by Dr. Eady, 6st 51b, also ran. Won cleverly by two lengths. The Borough Plate of 251. added to a Sweepstakes of 5 soys. each. Heats, once round and a distance. Mr. King's Flash of Lightning, 7st 121 b Mr. Osbaldiston's Prudence, 4 yrs, Bst 71b Mr. Drewe's Beggar Girl, 6 yrs, Bst 71b 3 3 2 Mr. Booth's Miscellany, 4 yrs, Bst llb Won in a canter. The Hunters' Stakes of 5 sous. each, and 20 added, one mile and three quarters, Gentlemen riders (4 Subs.) were won by Mr. Anderson's Stittenham, lOst 101 b (Mr. J. Sadler), beating Ascot, 12st, and Tartar, list 21b, in a trot. The . Champagne Stakes of 3 sous. each, and 30 added, once round (5 Subs.), were one, in two heats, easily, by Mr. Roll's Fugitive, 7st 91b, beating Messenger and Archides. (RECEIVED THIS DAY.) STAMFORD RACES—WEDNESDAY. Match 251., T. Y. C., Bst each—Mr. Sare's Mapel (Swan), beat Mr. Standwell's Mendicant. The Gold Cup of 100/. with 20 added, for 8-yrs-old, 6st 71b; 4 vrs, Bst ; 5 yrs, Bst 131 b ; 6 yrs, 9st 51b ; and aged, 9st 71b. Mares, &c., allowed albs. Thrice round. Sir G. Heathcotes's Akbar, 5 yrs (Chapple) 1 Lord Exeter's Sister to Pergularia, 3 yrs Britannia, 4 yrs, and Wee Pet, 6 yrs, also ran. The Selling Stakes of 10 soya. each, h ft, for 3-yrs-old, 7st 101 b ; 4 yrs, 9st 121 b ; 5 yrs, 10st 61b ; 6 yrs and aged, lOst 101 b, &c. Once round. (6 Subs.) General Grosvenor's Scarlet Runner, 4 yrs...(E. Edwards) 1 Lord Exeter's Lebanon, 3 yrs 2 Mr. Brown's St. Alban's, 6 yrs Handicap Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, and 15 added. New mile. General Grosvenor's Scarlet Runner,Bst 511):(E. Edwards) 1 Lord Exeter's Lebanon, 7st 91b Mogador, Bst 71b; Caroline, Bst 71b; Sir Fretful, fist; and Elitnea, 7st 61b, also started. The Stamford Selling Stakes of 5 sovs. each, and 20 added, for three-yrs-old, 7st 101 b ; four yrs, 9st 121 b ; five yrs, lOst 61b; six yrs and aged, lOst 101 b, Sec. Heats, once round. Mr. Parr's Eclat, 3 yrs Mr. Sprigg's Mogador, 4 yrs ... Mr. Sare's Dispel, 5 yr. 3 3 DUDLEY RACES.—TuzapAr. The Selling Stakes of 3 soya. each, and 20 added. Heats, one mile and three quarters. Mr. 011iver's Teresa, 5 yrs (Owner) 1 . 0 2 1 Mr. Barton's Reliance, 4 yrs 0 0 1 2 Mr. Whitehouse's bm by Heron, 3 yrs ... 0 1 0 3 Mr. Collins's Brunel, 5 yrs Mr. Tempest's fby St. Martin, 3 yrs Mr. Holman's Chevy Chase, 4 yrs The Free Handicap of 3 sovs. each, and 15 added. Heats, once round and a distance. Mr. Tempest's T'Auld Squire, 5 yrs (Stagg) 2 1 1 Mr. Cowper's Roebuck, 4 yrs 1 2 dr Mr. Brice's Lord Berners The Ashwood Hurdle Stakes of 3 sovs. each, and 25 added, one mile and a half, were won in two heats by Thurgarton, 5 yrs (W. Archer), beating True Blue, Maid of Athens, and two others. NEWTON RACES.-WEDNESDAY. The Trial Stakes of 10 sOys. each, and 20 added. One mile and a quarter. No race—only Lightning and Pantasa entered. Sweepstakes of 20 soya. each, h. ft., with 50 added. Two miles. Mr. Meiklanfs Lightning, 5 yrs, 9st 31b walked over Match, 200, h. ft., Bst 71b each, Golborne Course—Sir J. Gerard's New Year's Day, 2 yrs (Nat), beat Mr. L. Brookes' c by Tory Boy, out of sister to Maria, 2 yrs. The Lyme Park Produce Stakes of 50 soya. each, h. ft. One • mile and a quarter. (2 Subs.) __ _ Mr. Gulley's Mendicant, Bsi 31b - walked over The Gold Cup of 100 sous., with 100 soya. added by the Lord of the Manor to a Handicap of 20 sous . each, 10 ft., and 5 only if declared. Two miles and a distance. Mr. Clarke's f. by Tomboy, out of Lapwing, 3 yrs (Irvine) 1 Lord Chesterfield's Lady Wildair, 4 yrs Aristotle, Cceur de Lion, Little Hampton, Comical Boy, and Master Stepney, also started, but were not placed. THE CAUSE OF HOT AND COLD SUMMERS. Dr. Ryan, the able professor of chemistry to the Polytechnic Institution, in his lecture on Wednesday last, made some observations on the equalisations of temperature by atmospheric and marine currents, which are not only interesting in themselves but also of vast importance as guides to the prognostication of future weather. The Doctor having shown that in the atmos phere there are always two currents of air passing in opposite directions and at different altitudes—the upper or heated stratum passing from the equator to the poles, and the lower or cold air from the poles to the equator, thus regulating the distribution of temperature over the earth—proceeded to prove that in the mighty ocean itself .we have precisely the same important conditions pre.ent. It is well known that heated matter expands and becomes lighter, while matter under the influence of cold contracts and becomes heavier. The water on the surface of the ocean becomes cooled down by two causes —first, by abstraction of heat owing to the floating ice passing from the nortb ward. Now the cooled water being rendered denser sinks and forces to the surface other portions of warmer water, which again com municates heat to the air passing o►er it. The cool water spreads itself at the bottom of the sea and flows towards the Equator. producing compensating currents in opposite directions. Thus the ocean tends to regulate the temperature of the eartti, moderating the heat of the torrid .and the cold of the frigid zones. Every seaman is aware that the Gulph Stream is an example of these compensating currents ; and Dr. Ryan stated that he had met many naval officers who had ascertained the possibility of steering through the Gulph Stream merely by dipping a thermometer in the water. Dr. Ryan proceeded, in the next place, to explain cer• tain meteorological conditions which have not before been noticed. Thus it was always possible, late in the winter, or very early in the spring, to prognosticate the heat or coldness of the succeeding summer, by ascer taining the comparative amount of new ice formed in the northern latitudes, even as low down as Russia and Sweden. It seems that the coldness and wetness of our summers is influenced by the quantity of new i-e which, during the heat of that season, is continually liberated from northern waters, and as it flows towards the equator with the supernatent current cools down the waters of the ocean as well as the wind passing over its surface, and thereby condenses the atmospheric moisture, producing rain, and otherwise reduces the temperature of the atmosphere throughout many of the European lati tudes. Dr. Ryan is confirmed in this opinion, by the fact, that the hot summers here for many years have been proceeded by winters in which scarely any new ice was formed in the high northern latitudes. This was the case last winter, and also in the winter preceding the summer of 1842, while on the contrary cold and damp summers have always ,succeeded winters giving much new ice. If this be true it is a discovery of immense importance to the agriculturist, enabling him at an early period to take those precautions necessary for his welfare. THE ROYAL CHRISTENING. The Lord Chamberlain, by her Majesty's command, has issued invitations for a grand banquet at Buckingham Palace, on Saturday next, in honour of the baptism of the infant Princess. The royal invitations to the banquet are confined to the principal members of the Government, and the Duke of Nor folk, and the chief officers of State. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz, the Duchess of Kent, and Prince George of Cambridge, and his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen, are to dine with her Majesty and the Prince Consort on the auspicious oc casion. It is probable that the King and Queen of the Belgians may arrive in this country in the course of the week, ex pressly to be witnesses at the solemnity. The baptismal ceremony will be performed in the royal chapel at Buckingham Palace, when his Grace the Ara bishop of Canterbury wilt officiate. • We hear that the distinguished personages honoured with invitations are to assemble at the Palace at half-past six o'clock, and the christening is to take pl ace previous to the banquet. Her Majesty will have an evening party after the banquet, the Lord Chamberlain having caused cards of invitation to be issued to above three hundred personages of distinction. The hour appointed for the company to assemble is men tioned on the cards to be half-past nine, and that the com pany be in full dress. DEATH BY DROWNINO.—OR Saturday last, the 18th inst., Gentleman Cadet Charles C. Hulbert, of the Royal Military College, was drowned while bathing, being, with one exception (namely, death by a chance blow), the only case of fatal accident which has occurred since the first establishment of the College, in 1802—a period of 44 years. The coroner's inquest returned a verdict of " Accidentally drowned," founded on the facts brought forward in evidence, namely, that the bathing-pond is very shallow; that it was frequently visited during the bathing hours by the orderly officer and sergeant; and that the utmost and most perse vering exertions were employed by the surgeon of the insti tution for a period of nearly three hours to restore animation. A ROMANTIC DWELLING.-111 the cliffs on the other side of Hastings (about a couple of minutes' walk from the town) an Irishman has made himself about as romantic a dwelling-place as it is possible to conceive. The cliffs here are more than 100 feet above the sea. Rather more than half-way up there is a small ledge, below which it is perpen dicular; but it is accessible by a side path. Above, the cliffs again rise perpendicularly. It is this ledge that the Irishman chose for his habitation. Scooping out the sand in the face of the cliff, he made an arched cell, where he lives with his wife and an adopted child—a cripple, but a very intel ligent boy. The man gains a livelihood by breeding rabbits, squirrels, &c., and by the contribution of visitors to this strange abode. Among the latter are a good many artists, and Landseer spent three days on the spot, in sketching it and the surrounding scenery.—Brighton Herald. EXTRAORDINARY RECOVERY AFTER A BROKEN BACK. —During the month last past a fine athletic young man, re siding at Hartshay, near Heage, met with a severe injury of the back from a heavy mass of coals falling upon him whilst at work in a pit belonging to C. V. Hunter, Esq, of Kilburne Hall. He was visited very soon after the accident by David Evans, Esq., surgeon, Belper, who pronounced it to be a fracture of the spine. A fracture bed on the double i nc li n ed plane was forwarded as speedily as possible; and an ingenious kind of strait waistcoat, with pulleys, &c., was prepared by a saddler under the immediate direction of Mr. Evans. Powerful extension was made, which gave immediate relief to the part affecied. No untoward symptom occurred, and we are credibly informed that the man has already returned to his duties in the pit.—This case is pro bably unprecedented in the annals of surgery.—DerbyMercury. We understand that Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Adam, K.C.8., will not leave Blair Adam, his seat in Scotland, for seven or eight days, to take his seat at the Admiralty Board. The plan of the retirement is occupying the close attention of their Lordships, but it will necessarily be four or five weeks after the arrival of Sir C. Adam before it will be coin ' pleted. %4 J The toast was drunk in the most enthusiastic manner. Song, by Mr. Smith—" Auld Lang Syne." In proposing the next toast, the worthy CHAIRMAN said, that from her Majesty down to all the members of the Royal family, all were supporters of this institution ; he had, there• fore, great pleasure in proposing the toast, " Their Royal Highnesses the Vice-Patronesses and the other Patronesses of the Institution.—Drunk with three times three. Song by Mr. Genge—" The Star of Glengary." The SECRETARY then read a list of the Directors to the Institution, including a donation of 100 guineas from the National Scotch Church, Regent-square ; 50 guineas from the Duke of Buccleuch, 10 guineas from Sir Charles Forbes, Bart. ; R. Hastie, Esq., 10 guineas ; F. Caldwell, Esq., 10 guineas; C. Sutherland, Esq., 10 guineas • J. Davidson, Esq., 10 guineas; the Hon. Fox Malik, M.P., 7 guineas; and nu merous other subscriptions. The next toast was, " The President of the Caledonian Asylum, his Grace the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry." In proposing this toast, the CHAIRMAN said that he took credit to himself for introducing his Grace to the society. He requested him to become a member of the society, and his Grace told him to give what he pleased for him and enroll him among the members. He the Chairman) had subscribed 501. for him, and his Grace had since added various sums to it, making a total altogether of 3201. Now if that was not giving a pre cedent, he did not know what was.—(Laughter.) It was a president which should be followed by all present. He had therefore great pleasure in proposing the health of his Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, the President of the Institution ; and, with all his faults—and, in his estimation, he had a great many—(Laughter)--he still thought he was a desirable friend of the Institution, and a generous contributor to its funds.--(Cheers.) The pipers then played the old and popular Scottish air of Tullocbgorum " and several members of the Highland So ciety, in their full dress costume, danced the Reel of Tulloch in excellent style. Captain C. Forams then proposed the health of the Chair man ; he was anxious to do it at that stage of the proceed ings, as several members were leaving the room. He was sure that he had no need to make a long speech upon the subject; he was quite content to leave the matter the hands of the company. The toast was drunk with the most enthusiastic cheers. Mr. TOOLE, the well-known presiding genius over toasts and ceremonies, at length succeeded in obtaining order for the excellent Chairman. The CHAIRMAN in returning thanks, said his excellency begs leave to return you his sincere thanks for the unmerited manner in which you have acknowledged his poor services in the promotion of the interests of the institution. I can assure you, that in the midst of these busy, bustling, dusty scenes of life, there are green spots when I can meet my countrymen upon such an occasion as the present. I can assure you, that harassed as I have been to day, up to the moment of my coming here, with the adjust ment of the sugar and other important questions, I can stretch my fancy out among you in such a manner as I could not do in any other situation. There is an excitement in these meetings which must reach every heart and quicken every pulse.—(Cheers.) I am sure that in my capacity as treasurer to this institution, it will not be my fault if I am not really worth my weight in gold to you. A short time since a friend of mine agreed to give with his drughter in marriage her weight in gold. What amount do you think that was 1 It was 7,4001., and she only weighed about eight stone.—(Laughter and cheers.) I am sure that if your treasurer is not worth his weight in gold, it is your fault, not mine. —(Hear, hear, and cheers.) I will increase my weight if you will increase your subscrip tions.—(Laughter.) I will do any thing to contribute to your treasury.—(Cheers.) I would have you recollect, how ever, that while you know your money is doing good, you may be like me, perhaps, doing evil.—(Loud cheers.) Song by Mr. Smith—" I'm Afloat." The CHAILMAN next proposed " Mr. Rose and Mr. Bain, and the Highland Society of London, the Parents of the Institution." Mr. HECTOR ROSE, magistrate of Middlesex, and member of the Highland Society, returned thanks, and assured the company that he did all in his power to promote the success of the Institution. The next toast was " Mr. Hepburne, and the Caledonian Society of London." The Chairman said that this society had ever been ready to assist and forward the interests of the institution, for the benefit of which they were met to- night. The toast having been duly acknowledged, the pipers then played the old Scottish air, " The Campbells are coming," which was also accompanied by a reel, danced by several of the company present in their Highland costume in most excellent style. Mr. HEPBURNE returned thanks; and, in a very neat speech, assured the company that the Caled•uisn Society TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE SUN. _. . STR,—The lamentable case at Hounslowhaving re vived the oft-repeated grievance of flogging, it may not be mis-timed to offer a few remarks on this important question. One thing is certain—without obedience there is an end to power. " One Who Has Been Nabbed" speaks of the sergeants in no very flattering terms, but my observatio ns are b ase d on l ong ex p er i ence , practical and theoretical. The mal-administration, not the law, is the delinquent. Though military taetics demand instant obedience, yet they have to do with men capable of feeling, and of understanding right from wrong. Generally the non-commissioned officers are men of little or no education, ill-tempered and ill-bred, con sequently ill- qualified to wield the power invested in them, and the unfortunate men are but too often severely dealt with by them when a judicious, temperate, and firm system of treatment would get instant obedience and respect. Why should not the sergeant consider that he is commanding men, not beasts? True he has to do with men whose animal passions preponderate, but let him try the two-edged sword of reason and justice, not the dagger of ill-temper and self-sufficiency, and his men will obey without the. necessity of entbreing a law—a murderer mal-arlaninistered, but salutary when justly applied. Query, might not our metropolitan police courts advantageously use it to some of their younger game ? There is in the soldier's condition much to ex cite commiseration ; he is a man of no education, thus no resources off duty ; obliged by circumstances to mix with his kind, where neither the softening influence of female society, nor the sociability of men better informed than himself can reach him. Necessity induces me to throw a veil over b ar rack-room scenes. Man is animal, mora l, and intellectu a l—thi s treplicity is essential 'to his existence. Let the hand of a n en lightened benevolence le ad the British soldier, the best in Europe, to his duty, and the severe animal law shall only be known in military theory. L et t h e superior and practised officer look well into the b ear i ng of his under lings towards their m en, and take th e trouble to admo nish them in private when necessary, and we shall sel dom hear of rebellion against auth or i ty. Power is a dangerous weapon i n the hancl of the uneducated world ling, and much temp erate vigilance is necessary on the part of superiors. .S e rgeants and flog g i ng seem i n close proximity, and so will continue till some s uc h system b e adopted as above s uggested A by A FATHER' rA TRIOT, AND THE SOLDIER'S FRIEND. TITHE COMMIITATION.—Wednesday the Parliamentary 1 returns presented by the Tithe Co mmissioners were printed, 1 all of all agreements an d of a awards for th e commutat i on o f tithes confirmed by t hem, as also of all apportionments confirmed from the le t of July, - IR —4-k n the . By the summary it thes, to the Ist of January, 1846. The first branc h of thethe return has reference to the g ents Commissioners in the half year amount of rent-charge agreed to mentioned, showi ng by 6,5451. 25.b6 e dp.a: d rent-char g es , in h t .. o e lie uw i i g of a r g e 8 , 7,143/. 1 4s. 4d. ; i ncrease o f rent-charges, 60 41 . lO s. O i d. , decrease of rent-charges, a 18s. 2id. ; rent- charg es fo r which compositions cannot be ascertained, 656/. 16s. sd. ; rent-charges of the present return, 7,800/. 10s. 91 ; rent-charges of former returns, 2,454,338/. 19s. 9id. ; total rent-charges, 2,462,139/. 10s. 6id. The result shows that the total increase in the present return is 598/. lls. 91d., and in former returns 56,5421.58. 54d. making the total increase 57,140/. 17s. 3id. The second branch contains a return of all awards for the commutation of tithes which have been confirmed in the period specified, specifying the amount of rent-charge awarded to be paid in lieu of tithes, and showing whether the same be payable to appropriators, impropriators, or clerical incumbents. The total rent-charges Of this part amount to 61,196/. Os. 11d. ; and of former returns, 1,088,282/. Bs. 4d. making the total rent-charges 1,149,478/. 9s. 30. The third part shows the apportionments confirmed by the Tithe Commissioners in the six months from July to January. The document extends to 22 pages. . THE MILITARY FLOGGING AT HOUNSLOW. HOUNSLOW, WEDNESDAY EYENING.—ShortIy after the ad journment of the inquest on Monday last, and just as the coroner and deputy-coroner had quitted the George the Fourth Inn, Hounslow-heath, an occurrence took place which had well nigh ended in a most serious riot. It appears that as Farrier-Major Critton and Farrier Evans, who had attended the inquest and produced the cat-o'-nine tails with which the flogging had been inflicted before the jury, were returning to the barracks, while proceeding up the lane leading from the George the Fourth Inn to Houns low barracks, they were addressed by some agricul tural labourers at work in a field on the side of the lane, who called out to the soldiers, " How's that affair gone off ?- Farrier-Major Critton immediately replied by using language of an irritating nature, which was followed by a stone throw'', by the soldiers, upon which one of the civilians, named El ridge, took up a brickbat and threw it with great violence at Farrier-Major Critton, which struck him on the right temple, inflicting a serious wound. Privates Sparkes and Pegg, who were following the farriers to the barracks, witnessed the occurrence, and seeing Elridge run off across the fields pursued him, and came up to him, and on seizing him a desperate encounter took place between Elridge and Sparkes, during which the former was m os t severely be a t en . Fortunately, one of the officers of the 7th Hussars reached the spot and exercised his authority over the soldiers, while Mr. H. Pownall, of Spring-grove, Hounslow, one of the local magistrates present at the inquest, who having beard of the disturbance had hurried to the spot, addressed the crowd, which had by that time assembled, and quietness was restored. Elridge was then given in charge to the police for the assault on Farrier-Major Critton, and was conveyed to the station-house of the 'l' division, of the metropolitan police in Hounslow. On Tuesday forenoon Elridge was brought up for exami nation before Messrs. 11. Pownall and B. J. Armstrong, the sitting magistrates, at New Brentford, when, after a patient investigation of upwards of an hour, the charge against Elridge was dismissed, on the ground that Farrier-Major Critton had given great provocation by using the improper language he did, and throwing the stone, and that Elridge had been greatly punished in his encounter with Sparkes and Pegg. It will be remembered that the inquest was adjourned on Monday last, for the purpose of having the body of the dead soldier (which was buried on the afternoon of Friday last with military honours, in the presence of an immense assem blage of persons, in the churchyard of Heston Church) ex humed, in order that a further medical examination should be made, with a view to ascertaining the state of the spine. Yesterday (Tuesday), about six o'clock in the evening, Mr. Wakley's warrant for the disinterment of the body was re ceived by the Rev. IL Trimmer, the vicar, Messrs. Whitney and Harding, the churchwardens of Heston, and Brent, the coroner's summoning officer. At eight o'clock the digging of the grave was commenced, under the superintendence of the Rev. Mr. Trimmer, and from that hour until nearly eleven o'clock at night the churchyard was surrounded by the in habitants of the village. This morning the preparations for the exhumation were continued. At a quarter to eleven o'clock, Mr. H. G. Day, of lsleworth, the surgeon selected by the coroner's jury to examine the body, arrived at the churchyard, accompanied by Mr. Erasmus Wilson lecturer on anatomy at University College, who had been directed by Mr. Wakley to assist Mr. Day. They were received by the Rev. Mr. Trimmer and Mr. Churchwarden Harding. The coffin was raised and opened, and the examination commenced, the only persons permitted in the churchyard being the operators and their assistants, the police, and the parochial authorities. At twenty-five minutes to twelve o'clock a London street cab drove up to the churchyard entrance, containing Mr. Hall and Dr. Read, the surgeons of the military medical staff, by whom the first post mortem examination of the body had been made, by direction of the Horse Guards, who, alighting, entered the churchyard, but were immediately met and stopped by Sergeant Jecks, and informed that he had the Coroner's orders not to permit any person but the two surgeons operating, and the parochial authorities, to be present at the examination. Mr. Hall and Dr. Read appeareu much surprised, and said it was absolutely necessary that they should be present, as they were directed to be so by a special order, which they produced, signed by Sir James M'Gregor, the military medical director. Sergeant Jecks told them that he had no power to allow them, 1 whic h statement he was confirmed by Brent, the Coroner 's othcer, and the Rev. H. S. Trimmer. .. Mr. Day explained the position in which they were placed by the Coroner's instructions, and read for their information the following instructions which he had received from Mr. Wakley : "The Coroner directs that no medical gentleman but Mr. Day should attend your examination. This is peremptory, and your authority for excluding all others. " G. J. MILLS, Deputy-Coroner." Brent, the Coroner's summoning officer, also read the ollowing instructions he had received:— " Take the enclosed order to the persons directed therein, viz., Rev. Mr. Trimmer and the churchwardens, and inform them that Mr. Wilson, surgeon, will be at Heston church yard, at eleven o'clock exactly, on Wednesday morning, July 22, to make his inspection of the body, and that the corpse must be removed from the coffiin, and open for his examina tion, by that hour. No person whatever but Mr. Day, whom Mr. Wilson will bring with him, must be present when lie examines the body, consequently no notice is to be given to any regimental or other medical officer as to the day or hour of the inspection. Mr. Wilson has orders to exclude every person but Mr. Day, unless it be some one to assist with a bucket, water, sponge, cloth, &c. ~ J. MILLS, Deputy Coroner. " 35, Bedford-square, July 21." The military surgeons said they must of course bow to the authority of the Coroner, and requested to have a copy of the above instructions, in order that they might adduce them before the Horse Guards' authorities as the reason they were not present at the examination, which being furnisheet them, they at once returned to town in the cab. The examination of the body was then proceeded with by Messrs. Wilson and Day, and occupied upwards of two hours. The body was, as may be supposed, in a greatly advanced state of decomposition. Immediately on the conclusion of the examination the body was replaced in the coffin, which was again screwed down and re-interred, the grave being afterwards filied up. Of course the result of the examination will not be per mitted to transpire until it is given in evidence at the ad journed inquest on Monday next. TIIE BARON OF PRESTON.—We have authority for stating, that the old Scotch title of Viscount Preston, is about to be assumed by Sir Robert Graham, Bart., of Esk, in Cumberland, who is now residing at Cheltenham. The father of this very ancient baronet succeeded his cousin Charles as fourth Viscount, in 1739, but not succeding to the family estates (which are in the hands of Sir J. Graham, late Home Secretary), at his Lordship's decease in 1774, his oldest son allowed both the baronetcy and viscountcy to lie, dormant ; he dying in 1795, his next brother became helr, and in 1809 took up the inferior title of baronet. For corent reasons connected with mercantile engagements in the city of London, Sir Robert has deferred assuming his dignity until the present period, when, at the earnest solicitation of his friends, he is induced to accede to it, for the advantage of his family.—Caledonian Mercury. COURT CIRCULAR. Lord Heytesbury ha-I an audience of the Queen yes terday. Her Majesty and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Princess Royal, took an airing in an open carriage and four yesterday. The Equerries in Waiting, Colonel Ar buthnot and Lieutenant-Colonel Seymour, attended on horseback. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Kent and the Duke of Cambridge visited her Majesty yesterday. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horse back yesterday, attended by Lieutenant-Colonel Seymour. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, and the Princess Alice took an airing yesterday, in the garden of the Palace. _ _ _ Her Majesty and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Prince of Leiningen, honoured the performance of the French Plays with their presence yesterday evening. The royal suite included the Countess of Desart, Hon. Miss Devereux, Lord Byron, Colonel Arbuthnot, and Lieut.-Colonel Seymour. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent also honoured the performance of the French Plays with her presence, attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson, Sir George Couper, and Capt a in the lion. James P. Murray. Sir William C. Ross, R.A., had the honour of taking a second sitting yesterday for a portrait of her Royal Highness the Infant Princess, by command of the Queen. - Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, attended by Lady Augusta Cadogan, honoured the Russian Minister and the Baroness de Brunnow• with their company at dinner yesterday, at their Excellencies' residence in Dover street. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent took an airing yesterday in a carriage and tour. Intelligence of the demise of Lord George William Russell, G.C.8., was received in town yesterday morning. The Cabinet dinner, intended to have been given by Lord John Russell yesterday evening, in Chesham-place, was, in consequence, immediately post poned. Lord John Russell left town for Wimbledon. Lord Ingestre and Captain Warner had a long inter view with Lord John Russell and Viscount Palmerston on Tuesday, at the official residence of Lord J. Russell, in Downing-street. _ _ A deputation of Merchants of Liverpool, trading to Brazil, had au interview with the Chancellor of the Ex chequer yesterday, on the subject of the duty on sugar. The deputation consisted of Mr. J. Cramley Moore, Mr. Charles Saunders, and Mr. Edward Johnston, and were accompanied by Viscount Sandon and Sir Howard Douglas. Alv:. Wise had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-office. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England, had a general meeting yesterday. There were present, the Bishops of London, Bath and Wells, Chichester, Oxford, and Rochester, and the Earl of Devon. The Earl of Devon had an intereiew with Sir George Grey yesterday at the Home-office. Lord Clive had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday. The Chairman of the Excise had also an interview with the Right Hon. Gentleman. Mr. Edward Eyre had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday. Mr. G. W. Jerningham had also an inter view with the Noble Earl. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office from the Governors of the West India colonies. The Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch left their real sidence, Montague House, Whitehall-gardens, yesterday, en route for Scotland. TO THE LORD JOHN RUSSELL, &c. My Lord,—ln this crisis of colonial affairs, the conduct of the Government being again vested in the leader under whom we achieved that which should have been a wide and general blessing—the abolition of slavery--I address you in the hope that it is not too late to amend your colonial policy. I object to the measures you have proposed, as unjust to the colonists, and not in accordance with those liberal prin ciples in the maintenance of which it has so frequently been my pride to rank myself as your humble supporter. You tell us that the promised and present supply of sugar from the British colonies is inadequate to meet the home con sumption ; that as we, the colonists, cannot produce enough sugar to answer the demand, the difficulty is to be grappled with ; and ask whence is the deficiency to be supplied but by the admission of foreign and slave-grewn sugar? You hope that when the trade is open to the competition of the world it will raise such a spirit of emulation in our breasts, that we shall proportionably increase our production, and benefit the public and ourselves by industrial exertion. Your hope, my Lord, so far as regards the continental colo nies under the present inadequacy of labour, is utterly vain and impossible. I deal in no theory, but with the hard and cruel fact. When the abolition of slavery was proposed I held six estates in the continental colony of Berbice. There were about 3GO slaves upon them, and those estates had produced a net in come of from three to seven thousand a year. I hold those properties now. Under your guidance I assisted to fight the great battle of emancipation ; for though well aware that I must lose by the abolition of slavery, still its existence could not be con scientiously defended by reasoning, human or divine. At the time of its abolition, and subsequently, your Lord ship may perhaps recollect that I urged upon you a system of wide and general free labour, and prayed that its first intro duction might not be confined to the Mauritius, but that, ac cording to the general and generous principle of affording to the labourer the best market for his hire, the whole of the 1 West India colonies might be thrown open to those who, guarded by the Government as strictly as necessary, might be inclined to better their condition. All classes might then have shared in the blessings contingent on, and not impos sible to, the liberal and comprehensive scheme embraced by emanicpation. The admission of free labour, which ought to have gone hand in hand with emancipation (a more beautiful conjunc.. tion can scarcely be imagined), was, however, neglected. It was refused, or ultimately saddled with such injurious re strictions that, so far as the colony of Berbice is concerned, up to the present time the shadowy boon has been completely valueless. I particularly call your Lordship's attention to the locality of my estates (better known as Benfield's estates), simply that by the true picture of my distress I may leave you to judge of the tenfold misery of others who have nothing to support their state and station in society, or to find them in daily bread, but their colonial possessions. Since the abolition of slavery my estates have returned no income. They have been a heavy debt, and an annual loss of more than from 1,0001. to 1,20 W. a year. The original prime cost of the property, before a clearance in the bush was made, amounted to 100,000/. I do not, under present circumstances, return one hogshead of sugar to this country; afford me but the free labour I am honestly willing to pay for, and I can return 1,000 hogsheads. Judge, then, the ge neral fact of the cause of the " deficiency of supply " by the instance I set before you. The compensation I received on the abolition of slavery was about 14,000/. Is that a " liberal compensation" for the loss of all income and superadded debt ? Another fatal mistake has been made in bygone legislation —let it be avoided for the future. It is, that no distinction has been drawn between the necessities of the island and those of the continental colony. The same rules cannot be applied to both. In the island the labourer, or the man that should be the labourer, is circumscribed—his means of living without in dustry are more compressed—he is shut up and within the influence of civilisation, and he is, to an extent, constrained to do as others do. — Not so on the continent, not so in Berbice. In Berbioil civilisation is surrounded by a vast wilderness, the soil un• occupied, and vegetation so luxuriant, that a month's labour in the bush will afford vegetable subsistence enough to the squatter or negro for the year's consumption. The rivers and the woods supply him with deer, with fish, flesh, and fowl, and free of society, he needs no clothes; he is above the necessity of labour. The proprietor and planter hai become the real slave to neglect and oppression. You have, my Lord, in the continental colony, given the negro an unlimited, and therefore a dangerous, freedom, without surrounding him early enough by circumstances that should keep him temporally and religiously useful to himself and to the mother country. In Berbice you have taken from the proprietor the sole value of his luxurious soil, the real worth of that possession, to obtain which he once had British encouragement and support. The British planter in Berbice is left to perish, and succeeding Governments of this country, in establishing and recognising, the t glorious achievement m itin g the o f existence emancipation, o f a monstroushave aand and sullied les, amlin oppression t p t dia s P u t u ts itre: thannf.ry oib;;Yraieli'eviel ever err nfoorTweihgbeneisntlivtaehgzrelienanttgeerrefrssetleasdvofref oltiniobel,iritiialsulabtryioatackd the forced labourer was, inasmuch as the on s e are s l t l a es m t hu e ep s 0 , 0 an y:: i ll :: i s. the other, even in his slavery, has been proved in many countrystaaces to fo rhraedveresassyed shouldm on t e n y a the epr willingop proprietor's e an t o r e ' stance as was afforded to the negro in the other. As your Lordship's follower in your general line of policy, I protest against your present colonial proposition—not to the ultimate design, but to your immediate method. Give to the ruined colonist the means of cultivation open to us here in England ; enable him to compete with the rest al the world, and to be aroused into that state of industrial emulation you say you hope to sea supervene upon his pre. sent helpless and forced inactivity. Give us, give me, au simple labour I require, the power of paying for the fair ant remunerative day's work, and carry out your system of free trade all over the world. Put us first into a position to ac cept your free-trade principles—and you can only do so by the importation of labour, ample, speedy, and decisive—ehd on these just grounds I will still be, as I have been, your humble but faithful fellow-labourer and follower, GRANTLEY F. BERKELEY. Berkeley-house, July 21. FORTUNATE DISCOVERY OF FIRE AT WOOLWICH.— Between three and four o'clock yesterday morning, a police man upon going on board the Ariel steam-packet, lying in the basin at Woolwich Dockyard, perceived a locker below to be on fire, and immediately extinguished it. The origin is at present a mystery, without the slightest clue to its so. lution. The opportune discovery was most fortunate, an the Ariel was lying alongside the Growler steam-sloop, and there were many other vessels in the basin so situated that if the fire had grown to any head, the consequences waul4 have been most disastrous. Only a few weeks since the, lat 4 ' Board of Admiralty called the attention of all the establish. ments to their instructions with respect to fire, and its :Ton. taneous THE - SNUBBED ONE.—Sir Culling Eardly Smith never alluded once at Edinburgh to the British Lion. This neglect from one who, on every former occasion, clung to the lion's mane, and pinched his tail to make him ro, A r, met with its due reward. Sir Culling wa. , 3, thrown out. Yet we can not help thinking, that if he had thrown hit,nself boldly ori the British Lion he would have been brouritit in. If Sir O. Eardley Smith had only let the British lion loose, we a* sure he would have cr,rried everything be:ore We have obseried a paragraph going the round of thi , newspapers, in wh3 .ch it is state d th a t Sir Culling Eardley Smith, wllll atcly canvassed this city, is a nephew of the Dale of WellingtA, This is a mist ake. Sir Culling Smith's grand uncle had one sou. Culling Char: its, Noble D ' who married Lady Anne Fitzroy, a sister of „ 4e. The Honourable Baronet's connexion with the fan* of ' hs 'race is not much nearer than what in this country would tonne Ac t a • Highland cousin."—Caledonian Mercury. P AADAME LAFFARGE.—The heroine of the roman* tause celebre, so notorious a few years ago, has for some tile( been in a state of ill health that prevented her quitting her cell. On Sunday last, however, she went, in the penitential, dress, to hear mass in the prison chapel. Madame Laffarsee having asked as a favour to be allowed to devote harself 14 the service of the sick, she has been charged wi th the supe r intendance of the infirmary. Mondaf b ro ther of VA r t o Lord Powleo , There was no opposi, 4on Duke of Cleveland. The election for- St. Ives to ok place on