The Sun. — London, England, 1846-01-28 00:00:00

CORRECTED TIIROUGIIOUT BY TUE NOBILITY. Now ready. in one vol. (comprising as much matter as Twenty ordi na-y volumes), with upwards of 1,500 Engravings of Arms, &c., price 385. bound, Mit. BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE, For 1.46. A NEW EDITION, corrected throughout from the Personal Communications of the Nobility, &c., AND CONTAINING ALL THE NEW CREATIONS. " The most complete, the most convenient, and the cheapest work of the kind ever offered to the public."—Sun. Henry Colburn, Phblishor, 11, Great Marlborough-street. Just ready, in 2 vols. small Bvo., SEVEN YEARS' CAMPAIGNING IN THE PENINSULA AND THE NETHERLANDS. By Sir RICHARD D. HENEGAN. Formerly Head of the Fieid-Train Department with the Allied Armies, under the command of his Grace the Duke of Wellington. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. 13, Great Marlborough-street. TII E NEW TIMO N. PART 111. WILL BE READY WITH THE MAGAZINES, On the 2d of February. Al3O, NEW EDITIONS of PARTS I. and 11. Price Is. 6d. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. - - - Now Ready, and may be had of all Booksellers, 3 vols. Bvo., with Portraits of the Marquess Wellesley, from the originals, by Sir Thomas Lawrence, and Count D'Orsay, and a Portrait of Tippoo 31EMOIRS AND .CORRESPONDENCE OF OST IrOISLF, RICRARD MARQUESS WELLESLEY, K.P. and K.G., D.O L., &c. Including a numerous Collection of Letters an 3 Documents, now first published from original MSS. By ROBERT ROITIERR PEARCE, Esq. " The importance of this work can hardly be overrated. It is one of the genuine historical publications of tho age"--Lit. Gazette. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street , (l'ublisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.) ITENRY RUSSELL'S NE W SONGS. " Man the Life Boat." " The Slave Ship." " The Sea -King's Burial." " The Struggle for Fame." " Little Fools and Great Ones." " The Three Despots." (Ignorance, Intolerance, and War.) " Last night Mr. Henry Russell gave one of his celebrated enter tainments, in which he introduced no less than six new composi tions. Amongst them, though all beautiful, we think " The Life Boat,' The Struggle for Fame,' The Feast of the Despots,' and • The Slave Ship,' to be amongst the most striking, original, and effective of any of his compositions. Of the poetry of most of them, taken from Mr. Charles Mackay's well-known ' Legends of the it is not necessary to speak; a crowded audience received them with such repeated exclamations of delight as must have satis fled the eminent vocalist that he had added greatly to his rising and well deserved reputation by these compositions."—Morning Paper. Published by Addison and Hodgson, 216, Regent-street, London. T HE PRINCE'S CLUB-HOUSE, Corner of St. James's-street, in Piccadilly. Notice.—Noblemen and Gentlemen are respectftilly informed t his establishment is now prepared for their reception, with aug mented arrangements and increased accommodation. Princes' Club, James's-street. Entrance in Piccadilly, Ito. 162. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING Will be repeated a Grand Opera, in three acts, called MARITANA, Charles the Second, Mr. Borrani ; Don Caesar De Bazan, Mr. W. Harriaon ; Don Jose de Santarem, Mr. Stretton Marits.na, Miss H 4n..r ; I ,azarillo, Miss Poole. In which Mdlle. F. Fabrl and M. Wolin will introduce a new grand Pas de Deux. Between. the Second and Third Acts of the Opera Professor RISLEY and his SONS will go through a Series of their Classical and Popular Exercises. To be followe•t by a new grand Christmas comic Pantomine, called HARLEQUIN GULLIVER ; or, Giants and Dwartir. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. THIS EVENING Will he performed ROMEO AND JULIET. Romeo, Miss Cush man ; Juliet, Miss Susan Cushman. - To conclude with a Grand New Extravaganza, entitled TILE BEE TIIE ORANGE TREE; or, The Four Wishes. Principal Charaoters by Mr. Hudson, Mr. James Bland, Mr. Caulfield, Mr. Clark, Miss P. Horton, Miss Julia Bennett, Mrs. Caulfield, and Mrs. etanley. TLIEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII. THIS EVENING Will he performed THE CRICKET on the HEARTH. John Peery tingle, Mr. 0. Smith; Caleb Plummer, Mr. Lambert . ; Tackleton, Mr. CullentOrd; Edward, Mr. Se lb y ; Dot, Mrs. Fitzwilliam ; Bertha, Miss Woolgar; May Fielding, Miss Taylor. To be followed by New, Farce, entitled THE PHANTOM BREAKFAST. Sappor a ted by Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. Wright, Miss Woolgar. &c. To conclude with an entirely New and Original Christmas Pan tomime, called HARLEQUIN AND POONOOWINGKEEIVANG FLIBEEDEF.FLOBEEDEEBUSKEEBANG; or, The King of the Cannibal Islands. Harlequin, Mr. T.. Ireland ; Columbine, Miss Fleming ; Clown, Mr. C. J. Smith; Pantaloon, Mr. Mitchenson. THEATRE ROYAL. LYCEUM. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MRS. KEELEY. •' The Crioket on the Henrik," and " The Enchanted Horse" every Evening until further notice ! THIS EVENING WILL BE PERFORMED THE CRICKET ON THE IIEAAT11: A FAIRY TALE OF HOME. The Principal Characters by Mr. and Mrs. Keeley, Mr. Emery, Mr. F. Vininz, Nit*. Meadows, and M iss Grove. Alter which will he repeated a New Grand Romantic extravaganza, entitled THE ENCHANTED HORSE; or, Prince Fireaz Schah of Persia and the Princess of Bengal. Principal Characters by Messrs. Keeley, Wigan, F. Matthews, Collier, Turner, Kinloch, &c.; Mes dames Keeley, YiUars, Hodson, Dawson, Howard, Arden, &c. Stalls, 58.; Boxes, la. ; Pit., 2s. ; Gallery, 6d. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. THIS EVENING he perftmed the Tragedy of HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Ma , !retuly ; Polonius, Mr. Granby; Laertes, Mr. Murray; Horatio, Mr. Fisher; Osrlck, Mr. JameS Vining ; Ghost, Mr. Cooper ; Ger trude, Mrs. Ternan ; Ophelia, Miss Emma Stanley. To conclude with the New Christmas Pantomime, entitled THE KEY OF THE IC,INGDONI ; or, LIAR' EQUIN AND THE FAIRY BLUE BELL. Ilarisquin. Mr. W. II Harvey ; Columbine, Miss /Wien ; Clown. Mr. Flemmere ; Pantaloon, Mr. T. 11111. • ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. INIMENiE SUCCESS OF THE NEW HURLEI . QUE THIS EVENINO Will be performed THE ' ill,ls BOY OF BOHEMIA. he W.ld Boy. Mr. Leclercq. Alter which will be repeated THE CRICKET ON OUR OWN HEAR:mt. In which Mr. James Browne, Mr. Romer, Mr. Cockrlll, and 3Li.s Kato !toward will appear. Ant concluding with the nywr Pantomime, nnappmachahle for glee and ,i'anilcur, called FORTUNATUS ; or, THE MAGIC CAP. Forth:irons, Miss Hamilton; Prince Megrim, Mr. Cockrill ; Fairy Queen, Miss Bromley ; Harlequin, Mr. Smythers ; Pantaloon, Mr "narks ; Clown, Mr. Jefferini ; Columbine, Miss Laidlaw. NEIV STRAND THEATRE. M. Pit lI,LIPPE'S WONDERS and incredible CHINESE DE :II:MONS will ne repeated every Evening, doors open at a quarter p ist-Se yen, to commence at a quarter betore Eight M. PhillippeA moat Popular Deceptions and Peculiar Experiments will bet varied by the Amusile.;" Performances of the Chiarini Family and astounding Feak of the American Brothers. M. Phillippc will (by desire), and in consequence of the immense overfliova which hare attended his MorninT Performances, give a rand Juvenile Entertainment every Thursday Morning, commencing at Two o'clock. Stalls, 35.; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is.; Gallery, 6d. ASTT.EY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE OF ARTS. LAST WEEK BUT ONE OF THE WONDROUS DOG EMILE. This Evening, and during the week, the DOG of the PYRF.NEES. In consequence of the many parties being disappointed of witness liNt the Morning Performances on Thurs.:lay last, owing to the stop page of Westminster -bridge, on the occasion of her Majesty's visit to the Houses of Parliament, Mr. Batty is induced, in compliance with the wishes of several families of distinction, to announce a LAST GRAND DAY REPRESENTATION for To-Morrow, THURSDAY, January 29; when the celebrated Dog Emile will perform, corn snenc:ng at Italt.past One precisely. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. FIR - a WEEK OF THREE NEW AND ATTRACTIVE PIECES. THIS EVENING. Wilt he performed TILE RUESE O HOUSE AT MILBANK, Supported by Messrs. Saville, Fredericks, Dale, Higgie, Searle. Herbert, Misses Vincent, Terry, Richardson, &c. To he lolloived by A NIGHT OF EXCITEMENT. De Courci, Mr. Fredericks . : Le Grange, Mr. Saville; Marlette, Miss Vincent. After which, Professor HEMMING and his SONS will give more unparalloled feats of Classical Gymnasia thsn ever yet has been ex /Wilted, and surpassing even the celebrated llisley himself. To conclacte with WALTER BLAND ; or, A DUEL IN THE All S'i% • M A P THE RAILWAYS. IN A FEW DAYS, WE SHALL PUBLISH A ‘‘RA ILWAY SUN," CONTAINING A MAP of the ItAILWAYS in ACTION, in PROGRESS, and in PROMISE ; executed in a stile of surpassing Beauty and Correctness. In fact it will be a Map of the greater portion of the Kingdom, with all the Lines so marked that he "' who runs may read." PREPARED BY THE CELEBRATED JAMES WILD, GEOGRAPHER TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.: Orders received by all News- agents, and at T' Sun Office, 112, Stand. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Apprentices are exempted from serving ;a the militia, TILE WEATHER.—SuIi OFFICE, JAN. 27. THERMOMUTER, Lowest, 40 ; Highest, 52 ; Noon, 50. BAROmETER, 119 W.N.W., fine. "" V Aticr. AT LONDON-nnIDGE THIS DAY. Y. 1B m t , utes alter 2. I Evening 41 minutes after 2. ,i,,,: ,- 4-‘ ,-.0- •‘" , ,---%"1 7!.--4,..:74144 1 4 .-- - '" T 1 .,... , -,:-:;',;4.'.,,,g- „ r,o2Z,lo.'ffe •;\ ' ' f- ‘ . :"..:Li , ~..., i . L. , • .. ,4,..,, , w11k5. ) , 7„.. 5 . ')Z " A-0-torriturt ,?),4 Her Majesty's Speech relating to commercial policy be read, Mr. MiLzs trusted that ample time would be given to the House to state its opinion on the subject. _ . tural produce used for the food of man, and he felt the difficulty of dealing with them. His object was to come to some adjustment of this ques tion between the demands of those who upheld unre laxed protection and those who contended for the repeal of all duties. He feared neither party would approve of his plan, but he proposed it for the public advantage, as the foundation of a settlement. He did not propose an immediate repeal of all dnty, although ho proposed an immediate reduction in respect to all, and immediate and total repeal in respect to many' He proposed to make ea immediate reduction upon the whole of the articles. He proposed to reduce the duties one-half on butter, cheese, and hops, and on cured fish to Is. per cwt. He proposed to repeal immediately the duty on bacon, fresh beef, salt beet, fresh and salt pork, and vegetables of all kinds. Every thing of vegetable, everything of animal food, should henceforth be imported duty free. He had, by removing previous duties, enabled the agriculturist to compete with the foreigner; and, therefore, he called upon him to give up his protectioe. He proposed that all cattle, and animals imported from foreign countries, should come in duty free. Complaints had been made as to the injurious anti un • equal operation of the tariff with regard to fat and lean cattle. This alteration would redress that inequality. He trusted that the agriculturists would bear in mind that he had called on the manufacturers to set the example of giving up protection. He would now state his proposal with regard to the corn-laws. He did not propose their immediate repeal; but in order to give time for adjustment, although he proposed a tem porary reduction, he proposed that after the lapse of a certain time foreign grain should be admitted duty free. He proposed a considerable reduction in the existing amount of duty, and that the continuance of that re duced amount of duty should continue only for three years. He proposed that after the Ist February, 1849 oats, barley, and wheat should be subject only to that nominal duty which he proposed to apply to Indian corn. He could not admit that he had taken an erroneous view of the pressure to which they would be subjected before the next harvest, and it was necessary to take precau tions against the approaching calamity. He much wished this calamity might induce among the people of Ireland a taste for a higher order of food. They had to consider what provision was to be made to meet the deficiency in the potato crop. He was not now about to propose what be had proposed in November, the immediate suspension of those duties. He proposed that there should be immediately a great reduction in duty, to endure only for a limited period, after which it should be merely nominal. Under the ex isting law, the rate of duty on all descriptions of grain had been regulated by that of wheat. He proposed that all colonial grain should be admitted at a nominal duty— that all restrictions applying to the importation of meal should be removed. He proposed that the enactment, to endure for three years, should be as follows : —The duty on wheat when the average price should be under 485., 10s. ; above 495., 9s. ; 50s. and 51s, 75.; above 525. and under 535., ss. ; and whenever the price of wheat shall exceed 545. there shall be an invariable duty. of 4s. With respect to other descriptions of grain, they followed the scale which they had adopted with regard to wheat. There would be, therefore, now levied on wheat, instead of a duty of 165., a duty of 45., and other descriptions of grain would be subject merely to a nominal duty. He proposed to accompany this provision with others calculated materially to advance the interests of that portion of the community, which, after a lapse of three years, wou!d be called on to relinquish pro tection. He would review some of the bur dens pressing on agriculture capable of alleviation, not by the transfer to other parties, but by reforming the manner of buying. With regard to the higway rate, he thought it possible to introduce reforms which should be a relief to the landed interest. At present there were 16,000 local authorities for the management of the highways. What could be more absurd than that every continuous high way should be subject to different higway sur veyors? There was a law existing enabling parishes voluntarily to enter into a union for the management of continuous highways. He proposed to make this compulsory, which would reduce the local authorities from 16,000 to GOO. lie would compel the guardians to appoint a competent surveyor to undertake the management of the highways. In a district in the north, in which this plan had been carried out, the roads had been improved, and the expense had been diminished from 6d. in the pound rate to lid. in the pound. It was one of the points of rebel to agriculture which he proposed to adopt. , Then he proposed as alteration in the law of settlement At present a wan moved from an agricultural district to a town. The manufacturer had the benefit of his labour—he was thrown out of work and he was sent back to the rural districts. For the purpose of doing justice to that man, and to the rural pal ish, he proposed that, after being devoted five years to labour in any pl ace, the labourer's settlement should be in that place, and also the settlement of his wife and children. At present, immediately on the death of a labouring man, his widow must be removed. He proposed that she should not be removable for twelve months ; and that when a labourer became ill, no order should be taken out for remo val on the ground of chargability by sickness or accidents He recommended that the state should give facilities for agricultural improvements, by adopting measures to promote drainage by a loan of public money He would advise the advance of loans immediately under the superintendence of the Jeclosure Commissioners, and that their certificate should be the warrant for the advance to be repaid by a rent charge, and by annual instalments, giving this loan a priority of payment over all other obligations ; except in cases where the parties having such prior charge object to that advance, in which case the advance should not be made without the consent of the Court of Chancery With respect to direct local burdens, he could not advise any material alteration of the system under which as sessments took place. It was said the poor-rates were a charge upon the land. In point of fact it was not so. The opposition was not between laud and other property alone—it was between real and personal pro perty, and as this was merely a local charge, there would be no advantage in making personal property liable to it, and how could they levy it in small amounts, as personal property in rural districts? If they instituted an inquiry into the profits of trade, they must do the same into the profits of the farmer, which, conducted by local authorities, would be an intolerable inquisition ; and he believed. that for the State to take upon itself the maintenance of the poor would be most objectionable. He proposed to take upon the Government the charge of the maintenance of convicted prisoners, and to defray it from the Consolidated Fund by an annual vote. He proposed, also, that that portion of the expense of prosecutions which was borne by local rates should be borne by the Government, which would give them a control, over prosecutions. In Ire land this would amount to 17,0001., and in England to 100,000/. a year. If any part of the kingdom would suffer by the removal of agricultural protection, it would be Ireland, and he proposed to relieve Ireland by taking under the control, and into the pay of the Government the whole police force of the country, thus relieving the land of the whole of the rural police rate. With regard to medical relief under the poor-law, he proposed to take one-half of the charge of the payment of parochial medical officers in the Consolidated Fund. He estimated that would amount to 100.000/. a-year in England, and 50,0001. in Scotland. He also proposed, with regard to Scotland, that the charge for the prison at Perth should be borne by the public. In many workhouses the provisions or education were very inadequate. He proposed•that the right of appointment should be vested in the guardians; but they proposed to provide a competent salary, on condition that they might require competency in the schoolmaster, and exercise the right of dismissal. In every case in which he proposed to place upon the public the payment of these public burdens, it was accompanied by some public good. Before the mea sure was rejected, he hoped both parties would seriously consider it. Immediate removal of du ties in many instances, distant removal in others, was what be proposed. He asked for the ex pressioni of no immediate opinion, but he trusted the statement would be seriously considered in the same calm temper of mind in which it had been listened to. While he had no guarantee that other countries would follow our example, the Government had resolved to consult the interests of the country, and not to punish other countries and our own by a continuance of those high duties. He admitted that other countries had increased the duties on our goods and yet our exports had increased, partly by means of the smuggler, and partly by the high tariff, so increasing the cost of production in those countries, that, notwithstandin g the high duties, we had been enabled to compete with them. But, they might depend upon it that the example of England would be followed. The interests of the 'consumers would ultimately pre vail, and prohibitory and protective duties would, in spite of Governments, be removed. The recent report of Mr. Walker, Secretary , t 0 ,th e ; Treasury of the United States, proved that such would be the case. In Europe the example of England was producing its effect. In Naples liberal commercial views Sir ROBERT PEEL said his statement would be rather a commercial statement than a financial one. He would not call on the House to come to any decision. He would not wish any opinion on the plan until after the lapse of some days. The House then resolved itself into Committee, and Sir R. PEEL rose to explain to the House the mea sures which the Government proposed for their adop tion, in order to carry out the recommendation which had just been read in regard to commercial policy. Whatever might be the opinion ultimately formed with regard to the merits of the proposal of the Government, he was sure that the vast import ance of the interests concerned would secure to him a patient and indulgent hearing. He was about to review the duties applying to many articles, the produce of other countries. He proceeded on the as umption that the repeal of protective and prohibitive duties was good, that abstractedly those duties were bad in principle, and that it was necessary to show special cause fur their maintenance. He agreed, that during the last three years there had been increased pro duction and increased consumption, concurrent with the repeal of prohibitive and the reduction of protective duties. The course he should pursue had been sanctioned by the House, and it was perfectly consistent to follow out that course. He maintained, however, that in the adoption of good principles they should no t be regardess of meriting public credit, nor should they forget the recommendation that no loss should be inflicted on any class of her Majesty's sub jects. He wished the house to deal deliberately and dispassionately with his proposal. Perchance he was about to meddle with so many interests, that all might unite to oppose him, and when the question came forward for discussion, it might be met by a notice that protection to domestic industry was a good object, and ought to be persevered in. It raight be that those who dissented from his scheme in part might be dis posed to support it as a whole, in order to bring the present conflict to an equitable termination. The principle of the relaxation of protective duties he was not about to apply to any particular interest. He was not about to call upon the agriculturists to relinquish protection, and continue it to others. Confident that his principle was a wise one, he called upon all protectionists to relinquish their protection. The principle of the new' tariff had been to lower all duties to about 20 per cent. ad valorem—that was in 1842. In subsequent years the principle had been still further carried out. The duty on the raw material of manufac tures had been relinquished, and therefore he was en titled to call upon the manufacturer to relinquish his protection. He proposed to continue to act on the prin ciples which that House had sanctioned, and to remove the duties from those articles of raw material still subject to it. These were only tallow and timber. Tallow was largely used in important manufactures, and he pro posed to reduce the duty levied upon tallow. The present duty was 3s. 2d. per cwt., and he pro posed, in order to encourage Russia in her libe ral policy, that England should, without stipulation, reduce the duty from 3s. 2d. to Is. Bd. With regard to timber : Colonial timber was admitted at a nominal duty, and as they were about to affect domestic interests, they had a right to effect a reduction in the timber duties; and he was anxious the consumer should reap the advan tage of the reduction, and therefore he proposed to make it gradually. On an early day, after there had been an opportunity of stating the details of the subject, the in tention of the Government should be made public with regard to the reduction of the timber duties. These were reductions, not repeals, and with those exceptions he hardly knew any raw materials which were subject to duty. He, there fore, called on the manufacturers to give that proof of the sincerity of their convictions of the impolicy of protective duties by relinquishing the protections. He asked the manufacturers of woollen, linen, and cotton, to set the example of relinquishing their pro tection. His Hon. Friend, the Member for Dorsetshire— and he trusted that no political differences would inter rupt their private friendship—had expressed a hope that small interests would nut be interfered with. He in ttnded to interfere with great interests, and to meddle as little as possible with small ones. Manufactured cottons formerly were subject to a duty of 10 per cent. He proposed it should be imported duty free, without restriction. The duty on manufactured cottons, which was now 20 per cent., he proposed to reduce to 10 per cent. Ile was the more anxious that the manufac turers should assent to this, because they had set the example by asking for protection. Adam Smith stated that it was not the agriculturists but the manufacturers that had commenced the system of monopoly. " Country gentle men and farmers," said Adam Smith, were least actuated by the wretched spirit of monopoly."—(A laugh.) Pro tection was first pressed on the Legislature by the trading interests, and, therefore, they should first relinquish it. With regard to linens and woollens, he proposed that they also should relinquish protection, and he doubted nut but that the skill of the country s ould best foreigners. Woollen goods were subject to a duty of 20 per cent. He proposed to reduce it to 10 per cent on linens as well as on cottons and woollens ; that the coarser sorts should LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1846 come in duty free, and that in regard to the finer sorts the reduction of duty should be reduced to one-half of its present amount. With respect to silk, he thought that they should apply, not the same system, but make a great reduction. They had a duty which in respect to many articles was pro hibitory, and it was considered a protection to domestic industry. It was no such thing, for there were houses in Paris which would guarantee the delivery of the goods in London at one-half the duty. They would, by a re duction of that duty, encourage a lawful traffic instead of an unlawful one. There were many articles of silk on which the duty was more than 30 per coat, us, for instance, o❑ crape and other articles of manufacture. He proposed a new arrangement of those duties, and that the general rule should be to levy a duty ad valo rem, in no case exceeding 15 per cent. Then with re- gird to paper, the duty was ls. per square yard, without distinction of quality. He proposed to reduce that duty to 2d. per square yard. Ile now approached those ma nufactures connected with metals. All manufactures of metals were charged with a duty of 15 per cent. He proposed that no duty should exceed 10 per cent. : that was to be the maximum. Then with regard to brocade and earthenware, he proposed a similar reduction Then with regard to foreign carriages, he proposed to reduce the duty from 20 per cent. to 10 per cent. He proposed to reduce the duty upon candles to one-half of the present amount, and also a simila r reduction in foreign soap. Hard soap, now subject to a duty of 305., he proposed to reduce to 20s. ; soft soap to 10s., and Naples soap from 565. to lLs. There were many articles in which he pro , - _ e ,„ sed to remit the duty altogether. There were . 000 articles standing in the tariff in respect of .inich there was no duty. He pro posed to ve1;,37 this principle to many other arti cles. In respect to all articles connected with the manufacture of leather, great' remittances of duty had taken place. He proposed to remove altogether the duty on dressed hides, and then there would not be a single raw material abbject to duty, and then he proposed to reduce the duty on foreign boots and shoes ; shoe fronts 3s. 6d. to ls. 9d. per dozen; boots from IL Bs. per dozen to 145., and for shoes from 14s. to 7s. He proposed to reduce the duty upon straw plait from ss. to 3s. 6d. per lb. He was disposed to act freely and impartially. He had exhausted every article of manufacturt. He pro posed to reduce the duty upon brandy and foreign spirits from 225. per gallon, and the consumption ISM not now greater in this country than it was in the 17th century. There was no article in which smuggling more prevailed. He proposed to reduce the present duty of 225. to 15s. per gallon. With regard to sugar, he intended to propose the reduction of the duty on foreign free labour sugar to as. 6d., reducing by that amount the differential duty. He now came to those articles connected with agriculture. There were many articles subject to heavy duties which did not operate as protection. There was, for instance, the article of to bacco ; and, in trL acing of these articles, lie hoped that that House would bear in mind the necessity of support ing the public revenue, and not press for a simulta neous removal of duties which would be thought high- He rfoa grass would take stha:khee though t wfi first e t hose h n of that,e se r r nbg y aarticlesreducing dninel cofii not tn g c o o n n l the e d e ot . agriculture. with food, • The duty on clover seed, for instance, was a heavy bur den on agriculture. H e p roposed to reduce the duty on all seeds to ss. per cwt., as a max i mum duty.s s l o n order to promote the fattening of cattle, w hi c h w s neces sary to the production of manure for th e fertilising of the soil, he proposed that Indian corn should be hence forth admitted duty free, or rather with a merely no minal duty. He considered that, in doing this, h e was not doing any injury to the agricultural interest. He proposed to subject buck wheat to the same rule, and the flour of those articles. He proposed to admit the meal of those articles on the same footing as the grain. With regard to linseed cake and rape cake, the price had been gradually rising for years. He had been re quested to enable many articles used in feeding cattle in the United States—such as rice cake—to be admitted duty free, and he therefore proposed to admit it. He came now to consider those articles of agricul- Thu Lords met at Five o'clock, and adjourned almost immediately after, having transacted no business of any puhlic importance. The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'clock. Several petitions were presented. About half-past four o'clock his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT, accompanied by the Earl of JERSEY, entered the House, and took his seat under the gallery, immediately behind the Sergeant-at-Arms. Shortly afterwards his Royal Highness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE entered th e H ouse , an d too k hi s p l ace b y t h e side of Prince ALBERT. Immediately after . the Duke of CAMBRIDGE had entered the House, Air. M. PHILLIPS, amidst lend cheering, presented the great Manchester petition, praying for the total and im mediate repeal of the corn-laws. On the motion that the order of the (In) , for the House resolving itself into Committee on the:paragraph of THE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 28, 1846. were beginning to hold sway, and the Sovereign of that country took a personal interest in the subject, and he be lieved that from Naples they would have a liberal tariff. Sweden, Norway, Austria, Hanover, were all becoming more liberal in their commercial policy, and he did not despair of their following our example. lie trusted that increased commercial intercourse would increase the bond of union between different countries, and give a guarantee of the preservation of,peace. But it should be remembered that peace exposed us to in creased competition, and it was therefore necessary, to secure a pre-eminence, that we should have abun dance and cheapness of provisions, and security for the continuance of that abundance. This would contribute to the increase of wealth, and to the alleviation of kcal and general burdens. He asked them to give their consent to these measures, because the true source of increase of revenue was in creased comfort, and an increased taste for luxury. He asked them to consent to them, because abundance dimi nished crime. It had been said there was no scarcity. Svarcity was a relative term; and they should remem ber that two years of abundance had altered the feel ings of the people in this respect. That which was not scarcity in 1844, would be scarcity in 1846. Let them not cheek the genial current of prosperity by forbidding the import of articles of food. The furloughs of the soldiers in the Guards had increased greatly in the last three years, in consequence of the increase in comforts of their relatives, who were constantly inviting them to visit the country. If asked why he disturbed the existing law under which this prosperity had been enjoyed, his answer was, that since October last there had been a sympathy between the prosperity of the manufacturing districts and the price of provisions. These were the proposals, which on the part of the Government, he offered for the ultimate adjustment of this question. He would not appeal to any unge nerous feeling to induce them to consent to this measure. There had been agitation but not to a great extent, but he believed that there had been in the minds of the mass of the community a great at tention to this subject, but still there was a general feeling of contentment and loyalty. Their consent to take taxation on themselves, so as to re lieve the labouring classes, had produced gratitude ; and he besought them to avail themselves of the present opportunity of effecting an adjustment, which he felt could not be much longer delayed. For these reasons he should deeply lament the failure of his present attempt, vehich he recommended to their calm consideration, as one cal culated to maintain friendly relations among all classes of the community, by bettering the condition of the great body of the people. The Right lion. Baronet, who had spoken for up wards of four hours, then sat down amidst loud cheerily. The CHAIRMAN then read the resolutions, and Sir It. PEEL suggested this day'week for proceeding with the further consideration of the question. Sir R. Imams wished to know what would be the amount of increased expenditure to be saddled on the country by his measures? Mr. STAFFORD O'BRIEN suggested the postponement for further discussion for a fortnight. Mr. Hu= defended the policy of the Prime Mi nister. have followed myself under similar circumstancess and I determined that I would stand by him." And ' stand by him he will, for he is a man of his word, and possibly the refractory Peers may find that it is better to go on still with WEL LINGTON and PEEL, than embark on an ocean of diffi culties and dangers in a crazy vessel, worn out with age, an steered by one in whose experience they can place no confidence. Sir R. PEEL requested the lion. Gentleman to let him defend himself in his own way. He proposed that the discussion should be renewed on Thursday week. The question was of vast imporanee, but he thought a.fort- Agitation, at the present moment, appears to concen trate its energies upon those particular segments of taxa tion which hamper international commerce in grain Towards this central point all the political powers of the multitude converge ; it constitutes the pivot of popu lar action. Nevertheless, although it is the grievance upoti which the fulcrum of " appeal " is pressing more immediately than upon any other, it forms but the sec tional part of a gigantic whole. The present era is, in fact, one of mercantile agitation—an agitation which tends to relieve the people of the most grievous and op pressive imposts to which in this country they are more especially subjvcted ; and, by so doing, to enhance the facilities of intercourse in trade between the several principalities of the earth. To the ac complishment of this great principle, a more effectual means could not possibly have been adopted, than that of a peaceable co:nrnotion for the removal of all duties upon corn. With these endeavours our sympat`ties have been frequently and emphatically expressed ; the abolition of such intolerable burdens upon the principal article of sustenance among all nations appearing to us so manifestly politic, so ostensibly necessary, and so morally judicious. This was the arch fallacy of all our constitutional fallacies, and, as such, it required an immediate modification : it was the most importunate of till our "crying evils," and hence de manded Vie In attention. Now, however, that the victory appears to be absolutely achieved ; now that this most pernicious of all restrictions has been sapped to its lowermost foundations, the interest of the public eerts forward as it were spontaneously to those various other imposts which, though less in comparison with the monsttous injustice of the corn-laws, are yet in themselves of the most arduous and unjustifiable description. Foremost amongst these stands that general ()Eject of antipathy, the window tax, the obnoxious character of which cannot too often be insisted upon. At the present mo mentous juncture, and especially upon the very evening upon which the Prime Minister will bring forward his "Commercial Policy," it is far from our intention to enter into the merits or demerits of this oft-mooted question, with any detailed minuteness. In making this particular allusion to a subject so repeatedly and so thoroughly dissected as this, we are siwply desirous, first, to commemorate the demonstrations against it, made on Friday last in the Court House, Marylebone ; and, secondly, to impress upon the public mind the ne cessity of its destruction forming an integral portion of any plan for alleviating the pressure of impolitic taxa tion, before that plan can, .by any possibility, be perfect in its form or in its application. Sir ROBERT PEEL, we have elsewhere observed, has evidenced a gradual pro gression towards the abolition of the duties upon corn ; his tariff, in several particulars, facilitated the importa tion of food, as, for instance, in foreign cattle. Upon this same principle, also, of drawing inferences from his previous conduce, we should be induced to believe the Premier but little opposed to the annihilation of a tax so invariably detested as the one upon windows—if we might regard his abolition of duty upon glass as a sufficient evidence. Without this sequence to his ori ginal concession, the matter in question will be a thing but half accomplished. It will be tantamount to ren dering the material cheaper, while the use of that mate rial will be still accompanied by the most burdensome demands—the material (glass) of a cheapness easily attainable by the people at large ; the use of that material (windows) being laden with an expense which must ever tend to render the atmosphere of our houses impure, to abstract from the beauty or symmetry of our streets, and in every respect to interfere with our architectural arrangements, while at the same time it continues an interminable clog upon the industrial classes. To speak in still more cotnpre hensible and unmistakeable language•—the abolition of duty:open giass, as it appears in Sir ROBERT PEEL'S tit ri "klrtid the continuance of a tax upol windows, constitute an anomaly which can scarcely be paralleled in any financial system upon record. For the eradication of this anomaly we look to the indomitable and impulsive voice of the people—to that voice which has carried forward to an issue so successful the great cause of legislative interference with the trade in corn. As the first demon stration against these duties upon air and light since the commencement of the preseut session, we regard the recent meeting at Marylebone with an inte rest more than ordinary; and, as the most persevering and consistent advocate for the abolition of the tax in question, we rejoice that Lord DUNCAN was present upon the occasion. Cordially do we Coincide with the Noble Lord in saying that " the moment the public began to show their feeling upon any particular subject, the next minute the Government was forced to bow to that opinion, or give way to others," and that " there ' was no other way of ruling in this country than by the force of public opinien." Diffused but potent, that " public opinion" is capable of accomplishing everything it undertakes with earnestness. It is the true Hercules, symbolised in the Pagan my thology the Hercules which can strangle the lion of despotism or cleanse the Augean stables of a bad Government. Let the present agitation, therefore, be persisted in, let advocates as sincere and energetic as Lord Duersse and Sir CHARLES NAPIZR come forward and insist upon its impolicy, its injustice, and its actual immorality, and the incubus will succumb. night too long to keep the country in suspense. The House was subsequently addressed by several Hon. Members. The House then resumed, the Chair man reported progress, and obtained leave to sit again on Monday, the 9th of February. The House adjourned at Twelve o'clock. The friendly conversation (for it could not be called discussion) which took place in the House of Lords on Monday, brought to light some facts of great import ance to the country at the present moment : one is, that the Duke of WELLINGTON is resolved to support Sir Romer PEEL ill his plan for a material alteration of the corn-laws ; and another, that the landowners have at last yielded to Mr. COBDEN'S earnest entreaties, and are ready to go into an inquiry on the peculiar burdens on land. This is a great point gained. Hitherto much mystery has prevailed respecting the amount of taxes and rates paid by the agricultural inte rest, as compared with those paid by all other classes. The landlords were incessantly calling' out that their burdens were enormous, that the corn-law Bill even did not compensate them for the excess of rates levied on them in twenty or thirty shapes, but, strange to say, they never could point out where the unequal burdens lay, and still more, they mould submit to no inquiry on the subject. Mr. COBDEN has, twice or thrice, brought forward specific motions for in investigation into these burdens, but the landed interest turned a deaf ear to all his arguments and entreaties, wrapped themselves up in their virtuous intentions, and kept echoing the old cry—" The grievous burdens on I anti." This mode of smothering facts and resisting just demands however, it is found, will answer no longer. The aristocracy cannot enjoy exclusive privileges merely be oause they form the first branch of the Legislature, and some of them aro descended from the "bold barons" of old. They are only subjects, like the rest of the coin- Jeunity ; a large number of them, or their immediate ancestors, but half a century ago were commoners, and r a i s ed to their present eminence for the political pur poses of the Minister of the day ; and with a reformed House of Commons they will be allowed to lay claim to no such privileges as those which finally banished the French ncblesse and the French clergy from the soil of France. To their credit, the Peers of England begin to see that circumstances are changed, and that they can enjoy no peculiar exemptions without showing their grounds of exemption. The Duke of RICHMOND, to a csrtain extent, admitted something of the kind. In reply to brief remarks from the Earl of RADmott is to the peculiar burdeni on land, he joined with the Nosle Earl in the hope that " before any change was made in the present law there would be an inquiry into that subject." These were the words of the Duke, but they differ materially from those in which he professed to concur, and which were to this effect:—" He (the Earl of RADNOR) for one could not understand what were the exclusive burdens that were felt by the landed interest, and for which compensation was to be given to hem. lie hoped that that would not be given with out inquiry into the subject, and, when that in quiry was taken, he very much doubted whether any such compensation would be given." His Grace, however, thought otherwise, and pledged himself to prove that the farmer who paid a rent of 3001. a year was liable to treble the taxation that Mr. COBDEN paid. " The members of the League," he added, " both in that House and out of it., were always making assertions, but never were able to prove them." Here, then, is a fair challenge to Mr. COBDNN, and, before any compensation is granted, he will have little difficulty of proving that, so far from the landowners being burdened with greater taxes than others, they do not pay their full share. Lord BEAUMONT also called out for inquiry into the burdens upon land, because he was con vinced it would be proved that there were cer tain grievances of which the landlords . had reason to complain. This is a lame conclusion, and though his LordshiP stated, on the authority of the Poor-law dom missioners, that the land paid annually 12,000,0001., he will probably find, en analysing the report, that a large proportion is put down to tithes and poor-rates, which all classes pay. With regard to the other point, the explanation of the Duke of WELLINGTON, the public have also reason to be satisfied—that is, taking for granted that they are satisfied with the measures proposed by Sir R. PEEL. In most of the statements made by " the Duke" there is one striking feature in which he excels all other speakers. He conceals nothing for a sinister purpo e; his assertions are rarely or never unintelligible ; he goes direct to the main question, and loaves no doubt as to his intentions. In a case of this importance the sentiments expressed by a speaker of such a character and weight, must, therefore, be looked to with deep interest. He candidly admitted that he was at first opposed to the plans of the Minister for throwing open the ports and introducing essential changes in the corn-laws, but, on finding that his Right Hon. Friend was resolved to adhere to his purpose, and would fight the battle alone, should all his comrades desert him, the veteran warrior could hold out no longer; he was overcome by the chi valry of the Minister, and generously vowed to fight with him to the last. His words are so characteristic, that they cannot be omitted. 4 , Her MAJESTY," said he, " having thought proper to write to my Right Hon. Friend, and to require him to resume the situation which he still held until another Government was formed, he wrote to me (I was in the country at the time), inform ing me of the circumstance, and stating that if he did re sume office he had determined, happen what might, if he stood alone, that as the Minister of the Crown he would enable her MAJESTY to meet her Parliament. I highly applauded my Right Hon. Friend on that occasion, and I determined that I for one would stand by him. I felt it my duty; and I did think the formation of a Government in which her MAJESTY would have cone dence was of greater importance than any opinions of any individual upon the corn-law or any other law. My Right lion. Friend wrote to me and desired me to attend the Cabinet that evening, which I did. I applauded the conduct of my Right Hon. Friend; I was delighted with it ; it was exactly the course which I phplad The Madrid journals of the 19th contain no news. The discussion in the Chamber of Deputies was still going on, and was expected to last for several days longer, as they had reached only the 7th paragraph of the Address. The Three per Cents. closed at 33 13-16 at 60 days; the Five per Cents., at 23i; and the shares of the Bank of Isabel IL, at 166 at 60 days. In the French Chamber of Deputies, on Saturday, spirited discussion took place relative to the conduct of the Government in the adjudication of railways. M. LIIERBETTE denounced the entire system, and blamed the Government especially for allowing high function aries in the State, and officers of rank in the army and Davy,• to advertise themselves as the heads of railway companies. He disapproved of the conduct of Peers and Deputies who had joined in the gambling operations on the Bourse, and made some strong remarks on the conduct of the Government in first encouraging the forma tion of the Receiver-General's Company for the Lyons line, and the subsequent dismissal of M. BAUDON, its chair man. He was supported in these attacks by M. Ituallm.y, when the Minister of Public Works replied in a speech of great length. Lie entered into a minute history of railway legislation, and contended that the adjudications made were on reasonable terms, both as regarded the State anti the companies to whom the concessions were made, and he declared that France was advancing so rapidly, that more was done now in ten years for the improvement of the internal communications of the king dom than had been done formerly in 200 years. " The result is," said he, " that the reseau' of railroads, such as are now fixed, includes not less than 41,998 kilometres. If the whole execution by the Government had been decreed, the country would now be engaged in an expense of between 1,600,000,000 f. and 1,800,000,000 f. From these figures it is evident that the State would have been obliged to concentrate its efforts on the execution of one or two principal lines, it is evi dent that, with the system of the execution by the State, the ' reseau' in question could not have been executed to its whole extent. The inference is, that it was indis pensable to make private industry co-operate in the ge neral enterprise in question. It was my opinion, and that opinion prevailed ; and now, what is th e conse quence of the law voted by you? It is that the reseau,' whose extent I have mentioned, is being activel y pro • years; that in c s u i t x e d y e ; a that aFt France e s , will I will be il l have completeds,ooo kilometres ooff .at the r su o nt aac Stated rail roads, s a ae t ndd tbhtyhe that cost triani lw six y o a fy lies. 4eia)7rs, Such is will tl 0 thereoo,Oo ol notbSo i r e xmrboec be borrowed province e ; and in six years you will have executed what the old monarchy could not have accomplished in two centuries." A very confused and disorderly discussion ensued, which led to no result; as , on the ballot being called for, it was found that there was not a sufficient number of Members present, and the division was adjourned till Monday. The Messager states that the report of the French frigate La Thetis having cannonaded Cape Haytien i s quite unfounded. On the 22d La Thetis was at Port-au-Prince, and affairs were assuming an aspect which denoted an impending pacific issue. Most of the papers have comments on the QUEEN'S Speech. The Opposition, of course, are not satisfied with it. " It offers," says the Constitutionnel, " some cu rious; comparisons to our discourse from the throne, Tha; document made all possible advances to England— friendship, affection, mutual confidence, pacific assu rances, and amicable exchange, good and intimate rela tions, and .cordial co-operation. To this display of ten derness, the Queen of ENGLAND replies by a convenient paragraph, kit without any display of enthusiasm; it ex ' presses a w ig' ,that the present union and good under standing which so happily exiits between the two nations may ever minister to the interes: of humanity. We do not intend to say that the phrase is not friendly, but, in truth, after all the advauceP made by M. GUIZOT —after all the sacrifices he has made to the English alli• ance—they could not well do less, and it will hardly be found that they have given him good measure." On the whole, however, they find little fault with this State document. On Sunday the Three per Cents. were done in the Passage de I'Opera at 83f. 30c. BUSINESS DONE IN FORED;N RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK E CHANGE, JAN. 26 Ceylon, % —Dutch Rhenish, B—East Indim;, 114—Great Northern of Franco Constituted, 14% s —Great Wietern Bengal, Lyons and Avignon, 2% - Luxembourg, 2%—Mauritius, %—Namur and Liege, 3% —Parts and Strasbourg (Ganueroa's), 2%--Rouen and Hasre, 275 —Sanabre and Meuse, 5% —West Flanders, 5 . LLOYD'S SHIPPING. LONDON, JAN. 27.—Wind S.W., light airs and cloudy. II IDEAL, JAN. 26.—Wind W.S.W.—Arrd. British Monarch, Prance, Jamaica. Arrd. from the river, Thomas Birth, Hay, Mauritius ; Thomas Henry, Jury, Mazatlan; Princess Royal, Sewell, Cuba; Anne Eliza Cook, Vera Cruz ; Tory, Mobile ; Eclipse, Davis, Madeira. Arrd. from the river and sailed, Helen, DPFuller, Calcutta. OFF FOLKESTONE, JAN. 24.—Johaai Frederick Wieting, Charleston. BRISTOL, JAN. 26.—Wind W.8.W., fresh.—Arrd. Eliza Warwick, Calcutta. STUDWELL ROADS, JAN. 24.—Arrd. Ann, Hall, St. Joint's, if eW Brunswick. LIVERPOOL, JAN. 26.—Wind S.S.W., moderate.—Arrd. Joshua Waddington (late Bottomly), Valparaiso; Clio, Le Orem, Buenos Ayres; Alice Jane, Blea.sdale, Laguna; Henry Clay, Nye, New York , St. Laurence, Brown, New York ; Argimore, St. John's, New itrtinsvvick ; Alexander Edmond, Carr, St. John's, New Brunswick. Sid. Waterville, Mills, Hayti. OFF WHITEHAVEN, JAN. 25.—Scipto, ()rens, St. Andrew's. HULL, JAN. 24.—Sld. Atwick, Brewer, Patagonia ; Ann Seaton, Rio Janeiro. YARMOUTH, JAN. 26.—Wind W.—Arrd. Flora, Pearce, of Tor quay, assisted in leaky, having struck upon a floating wreck off Southwold. The Larch of the Morel', Allen, from Middlesborough to Portsmouth, was in contact in the Roads 23d, with the Doris, Walker, of South Shields, and both received trifling damage. The ' Countess of Errol, Wright, of mid for Rye from Shields, was in con tact last night off the Dudgeon with the Novdon and shortly after sunk ; crew saved. LIMINGTON, JAN. 24.—The Thetis. Barns, from Woodbridge to Liverpool, has arrived off this very leaky, and with pumps choked, having encountered a strong gale off Portland ; will discharge. PLYMOUTH, JAN. 26.—1 t blew very hard last night from S.W. to W. and continues. The schooner Ann, of Jersey, with loss of three hands overboard, was spoken, 23d inst., by the Marie, Smith, arrived here. She reported having seen a French barque founder in lat. 8, f 0 W. JERSEY, JAN. 24.-The Neptune, Gander, of and from this port for Guernsey, missed stays and struck on the rocks off the western point of St. lirelade's Bay yesterday, and sunk in deep water; crew saved. KIRKWALL, JAN. 22.—The Zephyr, Kirkpatrick, was stranded on the island of Stronsay, previous to 20th inst. ; crew supposed to be lost. One body has been picked up. LONDON, JAN. 27.—A large vessel, drifting bottom up, was seen, 23d inst., about eight miles off the land, between Southwold and Aldhorough, by the Prince of Wales, Jordan, arrived in the River from Leith. DUNDALK, JAN. 23.—Arrd. Sarah, St. John's, New Brunswick. IsLAY, JAN. 17.—Sid. Jean Blair, Rae, Savannah. PARIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SIT DING OF JAN. 12.—PRESERVATION OF WOOD—TANNING LEATHER. A communication was made by M. Letellier on the pre• nervation of wood. M. Letellier states that, as long ago as 1837, he pointed out the means of preparing wood by im mersion, first, by impregnating it with deutochlorure of mercury and then with gelatine, which rendered the mercu rial salt insoluble, and, in December 1840, he pointed out the disadvantages of the use of pyrolignite of iron, as recom mended by M. Boucherie. There is scarely any subject on which so much has been said in the Academy and the jour nals as the preservation of wood. There are at least thirty competitors for the honour of the discovery, and yet up to this moment we hear of no establishment being formed for any operation on a large scale. M. Boucherie appears to have passed six or seven years in experiments only. Mr. Banner had his patent three years for Payne's process—which is extensively adopted in England, where it is said to yield large profits to the patentee—before he could form even the nucleus of a company, and thouFh he was able at last to get together a board of direction, embracing some of the most eminent and high-sounding names in France, the affair is still-born, the public, in its eagerness for wild schemes on the Bourse, having shown no disposition to take shares. This is the fate of half or two-thirds of the really useful discoveries and inventions that are announced in France. Law found plenty of dupes for his schemes; the proprietors of the bitumen companies let in thousands for heavy bases with their unfounded pretensions, and even at this moment, in spite of their experience of the past, capital is to be found for schemes that are equally wild ; but in vain does the true disciple of useful science call for the co-opera Lion of the public for assistance to execute his plans. A very important communication was made by M. Payen, in the name of Dr. Turnbull, of London, relative to his prac tical application of the theory of endosmosis and extosmosis, discovered by M. Dutrochet, to the process 'of tanning, and also the application of the soluble principle of sugar to the same purpose. We give here a short expl.snation of what is meant by endosmosis and extosmosis :—When a membrane intervenes between two liquids of different densities, they produce two currents, the one outwards called extosmosis, and the other inwards called endosmosis. By this new physical law the currents interchange until they become of the same specific gravity ; thus Dr. Turnbull, by sewing up a hide filled with one liquid of a certain specific gravity, and then immersing the hide in another liquid of greater or lesser density, keeps up this reciprocal action until such time as the hide is thoroughly tanned. The statement made by Dr. Turnbull is so extraordinary, that it as tonished the Academy, and has equally astonished some of our Paris contemporaries, who observe that his process, if real, eclipses everything that has been discovered in the practical arts for these hundred years. The best answer to the doubts expressed as to the reality of the discovery, is to be found in the fact that the process is carried on in London on a very large scale, and the experiments which Dr. Turnbull hes been performing in Paris for the last month, in presence of many of the first tanners. By the ordinary process of tanning it requires eighteen months to tan an ox-hide, and 4001 b of bark. Dr. Turnbull tans the hide in fourteen days, and with only 100 lb. of bark. Here, then, is a saving of out lay for the process, and the tanner, with the same amount of capital, can do thirty-six times as much as under the old system. And this is not all. Dr. Turnbull's process gives an extra weight of leather, varying from 15 to 2511): per cent. Calve-skies, which under the old process reprise an immersion in the vat of five, six, and seven months, are by Dr. Turnbull's process tanned in two days. But, it will be asked, is not this rapidity of execution attended with infe riority to the leather produced? On the contrary, it is much better, for all the saturation required for th e p roduction of good leather is as fully effected by the new as the old pro cess ; and one of the great causes of bad leather is entirely avoided. The first part of the ordinary mode of tanning is to remove the hair from the skin—to do this lime is used, and before the hair can be detached, the corrosive action of the lime always produces an injury to the skin, render ing it spongy, and therefore readily susceptible of moisture when the leather is made up for use, at the same time that the interests of the tanner are affected by loss of weight. Dr. Turnbull effects the removal of the hair by the use of sugar or any substance containing saccharine matter ; or, if lime be used, it is removed by the application of sugar, before it can do any injury, whereas, by the old process, a portion of it must for ever remain in the akin. Hitherto every pro cess for rapidity in tanning—comparative rapidity, we mean, for when 111. Seguin contrived to turn ou ox-his tanned in five or six months, the fact was thought wonrful—has been attended with loss of quality, for the process was ex pedited by the use of acids. By the new process not only are no acids used, in addition to the usual tanning materials, but even the portion of acid which those materials contain is destroyed. We state all this, as the French say, with connaissance de cause, for we have been present at two of the experiments performed by Dr. Turnbull, and had not only the evidence of our hands and eyes as to the quality of the leather, but also the advantage of hearing the tanners who were prepnt declare, that every part of the process bad been conducted under their own control, and with skins marked by themselves. A commission of the Academy, consisting of Messrs. Payen, Boussengault, Dumas, and Dutrochet, was instantly appointed to visitsthe tan-yard, where these experi ments are going on, and to make its report. A meeting of the Shareholders of the Southampton, Manchester, and Oxford Junction Railway Company was held yesterday at the Hall of Commerce, to take into conside ration the agreement en teredii nto by their Managing Commit tee with the Oxford, Southampton, Gosport, and Portsmouth, and the Oxford, Newbury, Andover, Manchester, and Southampton Railway Companies respectively. After a stormy discussion, the meeting separated without coming to any decision. THE MtLITIA.—The following a-e the qualifications for holding commissions in the militia :—For Colonel, 1,0;'0/. a-year landed property, or to be heir apparent to 2,0001. a-year. For Lieutenant-Colonel, 6001. a year landed pro perty, or to be heir apparent to 1,200/. a-year. For Major, 400/. a-year landed property, or to be heir apparent to 800/. a-year. For Captain, 2001. a-year landed property, or to be heir apparent to 400/. a-year. One half of such property must be in the county to which such regiment belongs. A CAT BURIED ALIVE.—Last week a hind at Fenton, near Wooler, bad occasion to re-cpen a potato pit, when to his great surprise his lost cat came crawling from below the straw, a mere living skeleton 1 A month had elapsed since the it was opened, at which time poor puss had unfortunately entered and been covered up.—Tyne Mercury. EMI FROST, WILLIAMS, AND JONES.—On Monday night a public meeting vi as held in Marylebone to petition for the pardon and restoration to their native country of Frost, Williams, and Jones. POISON ON TWELFTHCARES.—An inquest was held nn Tuesday lost, at the Town Hall, Derby, on the body of Sarah Ellen Woollatt, a girl of four years old, who died after eating some of the ornaments from a twelftbcake. Mr. Borough, a surgeon, stated that on a port mortem examina tion, the symptoms presented were precisely such as would have been produced by carbonate of lead. The jury re turned a verdict, " The immediate cause of death was inter susception of the bowels, which aprears to have resulted from deceased eating a portion of the ornaments of a twelfihcake." —Derby Reporter. Tim WANDSWORTH UNION.—At Whndworth Police court, on Monday, another batch of fourteen casual paupers, men and boys, were brought up from the Wandsworth union, charged with refusing to work and t ear i ng their clothing. They were sentenced to ter ms o f imprisonment varying from fourteen days to a month. WATERMEN'S STEAMERS AND THE NAVIGATION COM mtrrEE.—During the whole of Monday, two of the Water men's steam-boats were stationed alongside the newly-erected pier at Paul's-wharf, to prevent the barges from being tugged again into the custody of the Water-bailiff. GREAT FOOT RACE.—The foot race for 501 aside between Butler and East, two well-known pedestrians, came off on Monday at Hayes. In consequence of the presumed superiority of Butler, his backers gave East five minutes' start, in a distance of twenty miles, but notwithstanding these great odds, Butler was the favourite in sporting cribs. Both men had been in active training for the last month, aid considerable sums were bet at 5 to 4 on Butler ; but in consequence of a report which had gained circulation on Saturday night, that he had been taken ill, a change took place, and East enjoyed the favouritism at about the odds above quoted. The men appeared at the twelfth mile-stone on the Uxbridge road, to walk to the thirteenth and back, at a little before two o'clock. Preliminaries having been arranged, East went away with his five minutes' start, at a smart rattling speed, and was followed after the stipulated interval by Butler, at an equal, if not superior pace, and he gained twenty seconds in the first mile. In the second and third miles, however, he lost gr . ound, but then, with slight variations, began to mend again ; and at the end of the tenth mile had reduced the five minutes' start to four. East continued to pursue his course in capital style, and so obvious was it to men acquainted with such matters that Butler could not win, that 4 to 1 was freely offered on East : odds which increased mile East instances to 6 and 7 hand In each succeeding mile East improved his advantage, at the end of the eighteenth mile Butler resigned, his oppo nent being at the time nearly a mile a-head of him. East vialked - the remainder of the di4ance in order to claim, and completed the twenty miles in three hours fourteen minutes ten seconds. Butler, it was stated, was attacked with cramp in the stomach two or One times during the not MARKET NEWS -(YESTERD anlysTa. SMTTIMELD.—Meadow Hay, 31 8s to 4/ 8s; &l el ; ditto, 4/ 8s to 51 12s; Oat Straw, 11105 to 1/ 1.3; Whet Straw, 1/ 12s to 11 14s per load. Trade very dull, at the above iluotutions. CUMBERLAND.—Meadow Hay, 31 5s to 41 105; Mort ditto, 4/ 5s to 51 lOs; Oat Straw, 1/ 105 to 1/ 12s; Whels Straw, 11 12s to 11 15s per load. A modera te supplY, a n - steady demand. WtirrEcuArra..—Meadow Hay, 3/ 63 to 4/ 28; 4/ Rs to 5/ 15s ; Oat Straw, 1/ 8s to 1/ lOs ; Whea l 11 lOs to 1/ 12s per load. Supply good, and trade dull. tioa SUGAM—Nothing has been done in British PlAllta, worth reporting, but the market is firm, Clover ditto, holders showinb 1,1! anxiety to press sales, and purchases could therefore not made at lower rates. The public sales have consisted 12,r.";f cipally of 2,419 bags Bengal, and 406 bags Madras. 1 -/ , ` , !';, about one-half of the Bengal found buyers, forced off at- a decline of fully is to 1 ' olf Low to good middling white Ilenares selling e ivg at 50s to 52s 6d, the remainder was taken in , 11 6 5 h held for the previous value. The quantity of D i % !is Plantation landed last ertek at the East ana W eet .. ,•;ers Docks was 93 hhds 26 tierces 1 barrel ; and ther e . 56,1 taken fir s home consumption 1,145 hhds 85 tierces 0 barrels. The stock in theplaces ' 6 819 hhds URIC lll r tierces 847 barrels. 11 94 which 6,1, Cores.-4G casks Berbice, 1,064 bags Ceylon , 311- : t •ag bales Mocha ; the Berbice was chiefly taken in, there•beol no buyers at former rates. Only part of the Ceyloo, 111 .0; at a reduction of 2a to 3s on British Plantation deser boat common mixed low good ord was taken in at 495. ,„ 595, one-half of the Mocha was disposed of at 5 5 ' 4 - oil for common greenish mixed quality to good long WI ba t garbled, being for the common sorts about previous ra tes 'pri. the better descriptions must be quoted 2s to 3 s cheaper.as vately 1,000 bags Padang have been sold at 28s, he in s Ad vance of 2s upon previous rates. • n s' 2li RICE.-598 bags and 995 pockets Bengal at auet i° fetf at 15s 6d to 16s 6d for mid to good mid white, 90(1 , 3 ,0 , lots of yellow cargo at 14s 6d, which are rather loW„er f ns Rum.—The quantify landed last week at the West India Docks was 206 puns 146 bads ; there we,re.td 116 for home consumption 256 puns 76 hods, and eilTris puns 11 hhds. The stock in the same places is 11, 1,067 hhds. lfsdr ° SALTPETRE.-2,559 bags Bengal and 847 bags --opt. only partly sold at 25s to 27s for 11 % to 3 3 4 ge r t bs refractic-.7 Bengal. being barely the previous Madras was all taken in at 25s to 26s for 61,‘ to cent. refraction, being comparatively cheap. t 2S d" Srzass.-550 bags black Pepper, only part s old, $ vsyss• for good black sifted Sumatra, which are fortne,r ; s pot+ TALLow.—P. Y. C. is 42s 6d to 43a per cwt on and Town 45s 6d. TEA.—Thedemand is more active, and prices Are (From the Tendon .Zrete Price Current of Jan. 2 14 t he SITGAR.—To-day an increased dullness prevail ed i i , rice " market for all descriptions of home trade Sugar, 04 must be regarded as nominal. In West Indi a ther,Ael scarcely any business transacted. Mauritius was net ` l ` l , of for, and the only public sale was that o f a small ° Bengal. REFINED.—To-day the home trade purchased t slsee lsoods with caution, and rather lower rate 3 Wer e , o dP,' brown grocery lumps selling at 62 s 6 d to 635, and lade. lumps 63s 5d to 64s per cwt. The mark et for Crushed Sugar is firm at 34s for first quality. 0 d 9 MAntruis.—There are sellers, by private treat'', e r striptions, upon rather lower terms, still the busineeen acted has beets extremely limited, and none ha s bee iu mitted to public competition. Sug sr EAST INDIA.—This afternoon 125 bags of Beng— bond, at public sale, went at rather lower rates. j 0 FOREIGN.—In consequence of what has transeu gt e , " Douse of Commons with respect to commercial Inneocrlr„ stronger desire has been manifested to purchase all " f edt" tion of Forei g n, but holders insisting on an advance ° A ls per cwt. h as prevented purchases of moment. acted, r 111':,, TEA.—In Congou a good business has been trans •o a further advance has taken place , common sourd vet) 10;0, and good common lid to ls. Souehoug Tw ih excellent request, and stiffer rates are given. ° t i e fill" ° hay several purchases have been mad e, and prices Oa 1 In flys m sales to a large extent have been made, and 2s 2d are the rates paid for ordinary quality. Of *". and Gunpowder several parcels have been sold at d f °t fernser rates. Smers.—To-clay there was a much better deolln-higlief Rum, and several parcels of various sot is wer e sold * * ld P rates. The closing price of proof Leewards was 2 ? i d per gallon. v lcie"et COFFEE—To - day there was no public sale of a ny Coffee;, home trade sorts were purchased with ea': P .ha lv private treaty, but holders would not take lower rarf,i o o ping kinds were much asked for, and prices arc e tin advance. aege ri so r Hors—The amount of business transacted in eh for most has been to a small extent only, but factors most part are unwilling to take lower rates. sten f ';l Rim—To-day East India Rice met with little l'A ec jin n , and at a public sale of 1,369 bags of Bengal, pric e ,,i, e W e o 6d to is per cwt. Low small broken and dusty Yin ' at 13s 6d t o 14s, ordinary yellow cargo rather ON 12s 6d, and sea damaged 12s per cwt. ta CI S / . REDUCTION IN THE PRICE OF BREAD: ,{ ° ll A quartern loaf underwent a reduction of one halfperinps R EVE LATIONS OF RUSSIA IN 1846. BY k ref ) ;i4 R ESID ENT.—A THIRD EDITION of the above ' 0 REVELATIONS qo and corrected by the author , with additional .o°lice brought down to the present time , in 2 vols.,' Po ) 1 1f • bound, is published this day by Mr. Colburn, of urr i f e y, ✓ borough-street, and may now be had of all Books,e'w-ol'11;011 Colburn has also just published the following ney' r „ T e o 2. General Moutholon's History of the Captivity from at St. Helena; now first translated and published original manuscript, 2 vols. Bvo.-3. Sketche s froin, of the late Leman Blanchard, Esq. • with a Memoir mei: Author, by Sir E. Bulwer Lyton, Bart., 3,v015., oflb and E,ujavinga, by G. Cruikshank, &c., 315. 6(1 •, u° 10 01. 4 Russia under the Autocrat Nicholas 1., by Ivan ''," pt tell, i o Russian subject, 2 vols., 21s. bound.—And 5. , 14 „'"„ s ys` t o Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain 1 "; el .11 of the History a England • now first published ilfer Originals, with introductory ' Notices, by Mary AD' e Wood, 3 vols. small Bvo. , COST OF CITY PAVEMENT. — At the Maryieo-- - . , e u- i t ( last Saturday, Sir Peter Laurie stat ed that the JAY 11110 of wooden pavement, and subseq u en t removal f or granite, cost the City of London 40,000/. last year: 0 , 0 1'4 RAILWAY STRIKE.—On Friday last the whot e m .or ll i i t il of the Scottish Central line, from Peterhead to fu m ed h t a amounting to upwards of 3,000 sturdy labourers, 8!""„ shovels, assembled in front of the o ffi ce at Stirlitn. they demanded an advance of wages of 3s. per wee e Robinson, the active and intelligent manager of she ;go it considering the shortness of the day, the rate of to present being 2s. 6d. per day, did not think proper `lOl4 ° en with what seemed to be an unreasonable demand i e . et o e was feared that some disturbance might take Pl° lo ,o o precautionary measure was adopted , and the w° Is r r etl,/ now regretting their rash step, and are resolved i° ;id 0 their work. Some of the ringleaders have been I ) ,0 1 Stirling Observer. Gen% t i , LONDON ORPHAN ASYLCIISI.-011 MOIIdAY, t t ov e if i r ;el Court of the Governors and subscribers to the 11 „.„0- 4 ,0 tution was held at the London Tavern, BishoPXoto„tO for receiving the annual report and the election 0 ' `diver and eighteen boys from a list of ninety-nine — p ort t ioi Alderman Thompson, M.P. in the chair. Th e , r ;;o 0 gratulated the subscribers on an act of incorpor 3 `„ been obtained, and that the institution was prel,S. public favour. The life subscrip t i ons a mounted, t°, ;d• ' o o' annual donations, 4,776/. 3s. ; d ona ti on s, 25V. I"j, g eil d er acies, 3111. Is. Bd. The routine business havin f tb er eluded, thanks were voted to the Chairman, sad fc Li ing separated. ecl •l The Right Hon. Thomas Erskine, who retrile his judicial functions some time since, is passing j j erclol l in improved health, at his marine villa near Christci ~Vl6O [AtivEßTlsEmENT.]—Deafness and Defect`, freecse Rellieved.—The undermentioned sent into the cot n t 'VV post.--39. Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, and 25. ! - Ible sf tle.street, Edinburgh.—Acoustic Instruments. --42/19 still ti/ t ec i Conductors, when fixed in the cavity of the ears, ye comfortable, nor snore perceptible than having s wool in its place. They enable ind ividuals at an o', and of extreme deafness of 40 . and 50 years ' standi n b:o o " (10 to join in general conversation, and to catch ... .tt e rsoo r , distant low speaker at church, theatre, &c. tb e , conversation into the ears to such an extent that e," 4 0 0 ', severe cases deafness cannot be observed. 144.icis'1$11/' Ear Cornets, French, German, and Spanish AP o , and Improved Hearing Trumpets of every descrip tion rf, of those instruments have received the appre. o l o ; l ,,l Royal Society and Royal Institution of Great v'i ic e o ,o' newly-invented Spectacles, immediately they srefi l l, /01 41. ,„, extremely imperfect vision, it is brought to it s vent" ,eF, and original state. Also, A c h roma tic Teleseol d 0. 4 0 , Glasses, Microscopes, &c. Caution—Messrs. S• ea, mons, Opticians, are net in any way connected 1 /_ l ,, 00' I of the same name in their immediate neigh bourls i tios,' part of the country. Ts prevent mistakes, ,l ll'i O le c c Observe—Only to be had at 39, Albemarle- sire opposite the York Hotel, and 25, South C astle's' oi( ./f et* burgh. EXTRAORDINARY CURE OF DROPSY BY . I re, °, Srtoif PILL a.—Emma Williams, a servant livingwith "; en I g Oldbam-road, Manchester, had lately become jaeiditli°l from dropsy as to appear, to use her own exPr e lot as a butt. Every usual treatment was tried , 001 , 0 1 1 5 , effect. In this sad state she had recourse t ° ,,i fr ° o l.l ` i Pills, and by them the water was entirely refro"t(si..iitiellio leyh - e t s e e m, and an effectual cure perfected in fib ° ?,..sl ric0 15 ,40 1 -2 ills were lately tried upon two droPpaieffie discharged a.: incurable from one of the large , , 0 ) 0 401 London, and they were both shortly cured b Tes s er medicine. Sold by a 2 druggists, and at rro way's, 244, Strand, Londo::. % to of 9 ; , BIRTHS. • Charle . 6°t° -4 ' ID On the 16th inst ,at Stutgard, the wife 0 , . - p r ' 01 Esq ,of a daughter. _, petri, .0., On the 22d inst., at the Vicarage House, Egos 40 00 d wife of the Rev. W. Streatfeild, of a daug hter. ..ip . On the 23d inst., at Plaistow, the lady of Charles •-• of I , a daughter. Of ei U On . the 23d inst., at Caledonia - place , Clifton, the 0 06 l a, CormacOn the 23d inst.a , Esq., of da at u Eton House, Haverstock-hill, 08 isfa 1, , Manse, Esq., of a son. a, Vl °. (• On the 24th inst., at Commercial-road, L a mbe , li te Wheatley, of a daughter. 0 , dslili o t 11( On the 24th inst., at Whetstone, Mrs. G. Bull , % L ocal e , , Oa the 24th last., at Burton-crescent, Mrs. &t e r , 0. "" ', tr On the 24th inst., in Mecklenburgh-stroet, a. ' lo ael worth, of a daughter. it is. so On the 2 ith inst., in Chatham - place , t he w-e ° 1 of a son. Al'6 --10 P s fi, MARRIED. . f . 01130 V On the 21st inst., at St. George's, Hanover-taill'',.. ° C. cl l . -.1 tr Rev. William Towry Law, Chancellor of the e ~.- ,00,,t Wells, to Matilda, second daughter of the lee P De pi` gornery, Bart. to ol:, ~,, fo - On the 22d Inst., at St. Mary's Church, P° ll l r et IJ it' Martin Corry, Esq., Straw Hall, Carlow, to Marabijo. , daughter of Mat. Fortescue, Esq., Belvidere, D u i,t 0 00 d i DIED. , _ o de, 011° On the 19th of December last, at Laterite, “.' i c : hill , ' 0 1 Whiteman, Esq. aged 54. n b 1 1 C u rc o ef e ,oo , On the 17th Inst., at Lambeth, Miss Sar 0400 0 daughter of the late B. Churchill, Req. , gr. -co On the 19th inst., at Ventnor, Isle of Wig nt ' rota!), ' of trail' A On the 20th inst., at the Vicarage, Gulls' : ," el , Susanna, widow of the Rev. Thomas Sikes. ot oill , ro ,r WO Ms fe l i On the 21st inst., at %Vest Mailing, Kent, J „ v eer, ee, . 9 , , On the 21st inst., in Dorchester-terrace, Dai s ii ,grA i ll the late T. Gregory, Esq. OnOn tthhee2223ddinisut,s.,t.a,taßtatThu,dForranzoeds,gree,ll3lcrtgtlol,l,B,l.tiref;re's . J 0 1" t at. 0 , - .1' Septimus Wray, Esq., M.D. B. ) .`"' 41/ 01 `' ril , of - , On the 23d inst., the Rev. Thorns' Osmond c o 9 .. College, Camridge. n t, Gros e ' '.- ,fll°' On the 23d inst., Agnes, the wife of Vinc e-- 01, , n 4O 0 , street Southwark gent , s _Ado ' ' e we, . On the 23d inst., in Fortress - terra ce' e s, v" o ,i. Rainford Ensor, Esq. n ktolP G ael De bora ona j, 0, On the 24th inst., at Kensington, Mrs ~ g i n g's-r „ I On tha.24th inst., James Lynch, E s q. , °' .- a:c 1. 7;0 1 ; 111 .114 'tike rottS" -- :_o YO cu ... . London : Printed and Published by NV', ;-'„, soon foie l ' Strand, Printer, at Vie Sun Office, o t! 3‘ . sir OP' ef the Saw, in the County of fiticicu w ' ' No 1048, CT if on boN. Ri 1 , 4,,t --.., CH V , or o to)1, t i t k ,, ll a 4e'.tt Jan. , il' Ith Viri4 'rh o 4 4 kti t ri 1144 TA, e 1 . 61 , 1 Jil At — J ohn ; ~ A b it