The Sun. — London, England, 1852-08-14 00:00:00

'r LITERATURE. ERN .1 N iIO E: a Tale of Killarney. By Anna Jane Maclean. M'Cilashan, As the authoress of " Convioion," the writer of the volum e before us has already shown her ability by claiming some among the lesser h onours , a t l e a s t, of liter , :ture. Her present work is unfolded in its pur pose rather pleasantly hy a very agreeable introduc tion. Here it is that she bewails the lapse of the daYs of dreaming. To dream we ll, she reminds us that we ought to live in "th e h a lcyon days" of Shakspere. Sl:e his a h an k er i ng a f ter the "freaks vt f , bi,dom.- We warrant that ber heart must beat a generous response to the music of poor Tom f ,,7, °5 ` 1 '41" hed for the Midsummer Fairies." 'Tis an '"' love this—the love of the visions and phantasies ,` fßilrviand. About it what says the glorious old Voltaire ? What says the cynic and the scoffer ? What does he sing in that epigram, soexquisite and so Witty ? Listen. • " O n a bsnni les demons ct 16 s Le raisrmiler tri•lterrient s'o,cretlite O'l curt epTei la vori!e croy?:- moi crreur a son merits." 89 apparentiv thinks the authoress of " Ernan More," :md therefore hss she in melodious numbers sung this simple little tale, the scene of which is the lovely neighbourhood of Killarney. The story is domestic in its character, although conducting the r , ader occasionally to such sublime localities as the well_-known height of Mangerton. The metre selected blends the rapid rhyme of Scott with the fluctuating rhythm of Coleridge. Divided into six parts or cantos, as they may be called, the poem carries the attention forward with unabsting eager ness to the conclusion—recounting incidents in which the passions of love, despair, and madness are displayed in succession, associated, moreover, with the emotions of tenderness and resignation. The two principal cha racters introduced are Ernan More the hero, and Helen the heroine—the fanciful portrait of the latter form ing the subject of the frontispiece. The gilded im pression from the woodcut emblazoning the cover of the volume reveals—as by a hint—somewhat of the passion of the narrative. It portrays the young mother, crazed by sorrow, crouching with her infant under a leafless tree, on the rocky shores of Ireland. Enough has been indicated of the plot in this last sentence, we conceive, to pique curiosity without marring the interest of the tale on perusal. The authoress evidently writes with agreeable facility—. her inspiration being purely emotional. As a book, very gentle and pure in its significance, we would Isere commend "Ernan More"—beartily—to all the lovers of sensibility, and, let us add also, to all the ; lovers of Killarney. IRELAND. DUBLIN, AUGUST 13.—The Lord Bishop of London has arrived in Ireland, accompanied by Mrs. Blomfield, Saltily, and suite. A public dinner was given in Letterkenny to Mr. Campbell Johnson, the defeated Liberal candidate for Donegal. It was attended by a great number of Pres byterian and Roman Catholic clergymen, and was pre sided over by the Right Rev. Dr. M'Gettigan, a Roman Catholic bishcp, who has scarcely ever been known to take any part in politics. VALUE OP LANDED ESTATES.—Nothing more re markable has occurred in this country for a long time than the sudden and very considerable advance that has taken place in the market value of land, especially in the sales in the Encumbered Eitates Court. On the averag e of the sales since March last, there has been an increase in the rate of purchase of from thirty to fifty Per cent., and this had been fully maintained up to the adjournment of the court for the summer vacation on iS bnday last. An opinion, however, begins to gain ground. that there will be a decided tendency to re action soon after the resumption of the sales in October next. The causes assigned are various; but the Principal one. is the fresh stimulus given to emigration by the present failure in the potato crop and the perilous condition of the cereal harvest from the un „rourable st a t e o f the weather. The last report of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, in which they declare it as their opinion that, " unless the emi gration [from Ireland] be soon arrested, the country will he deserted by its original population," has directed ge neral attention to this subject at a moment when the e xodus is renewed with greater vigour than ever, thus rendering it almost certain that the next decennial cen sus will exhibit a further very formidable decline in our P e P ci ation. But, independently of such considerations, 1 ,4 is held t h at the recent advance in the va l ue of estates as too rapid to continue, especially if there were any serious permanent decline in the prices of Government securities or a stringency in the money market, leading to a rise' in the rate of interest. On the other hand, there are people who calculate with confidence on the arraness of the rates of purchase in the Encumbered Court, and some even go so far as to anticipate that the !tine of well circumstanced estates, sold with all the advantages of a Parliamentary title, will become still nigher, provided money continue as abundant as it is at Present. 'r im POTATO CROP. —There are but few accounts this morni ng revi n , Z an d they are of the sam e c h arac t er as thoias p In eatubrieisesat thistY received. The Londonderry Standard says:— arrneei:herbyourhood and in many other places the crop, a e as yet pretty free from disease. The grain abundant, and the harvest will be the De n we LIN STOCK had for the last six years." lard s oTOCK AND SHARE MARKET.—SaIes yes- Count). S ept. —Three per Cent. Consols, 98. it; ditto for Ac e " ' l2, 98, ; Three-and-a-Quarter per Cent. B ' t oek, 10141. 3 . 1 ; for Account, Sept. 12, 101,1, 1; Bank Stool, -.0 15 4:i• National Insurance, 26 oerxkdaivn.d,• 1 ) hi' • ' 3 c In Gas Coesneuers, 8 4 , a-. Railways Bandon, l‘ii• ditto Eighths, Flve.and-a-llalf per Cent. Pref.. 41 ; lllackrock, and Passage, In; Dublin and Beltast Junction, 37; Dundalk and Enniskillen,l33; Great Sonthern and Western, 423, 3i, 43; Midland Great Western and Royal Canal, 441; 'Waterford and Limerick, 21. RAIL WAY RETURNS TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE PAST WEEK. Miles Opened 1852. NAME OF RAILWAY. Receipts. BRITISH. Aberdeen .................... Belfast and Ballymena •• .• •• •• •• •• •• Belfast and County Down— .......... Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Bolton, Blackburn, and West York Bristol and Exeter •• ••.... •• • ... Caledonian.— •••• •• • •• •• •• •• •• 26% 85% 180li 94% 6% 20 Chester and Holyhead. • „ Cork, Blackrock, and Passage ...... Cork and Bandon .. • • Dublin and Belfast Junction • .• Dublin and Drogheda....... Dublin and Kingstown ••••• • • • •• •• Dundee and Arbroath •• • •• •• • Di1;1e; Yeah, and Aberdeen Junction Dundalk and Enniskillen.... •... East Anglian East Lancashire • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 171 k 2850 Itsg' 4 277 15g 28g 1000 7741 12 k ao 4 27u' 07 u 81g sa 63 4121 z 4032 240 , 84 805 £1,82 306 1,798 5,437 9,089 4,915 740 1,124 1,169 553 793 190 tern Counties a • • Lt s s f a . I . d . N . Y. r . f .. ° ..• ••• .• .• ••• ••• • • • Edinburgh, Perth, a 'Edinburgh and Glasg n o d w. . Exeter and Creditors.. •• ........... Furness Railway • • . • • • Dundee .• • •• • • Glasgow, and South-Western Great Northern and E. L , ..• . • . Great Southern and Western (Ireland) • • • Great Western .• •• • ***** " Irish South Eastern • • • • • • " " *** La ncaster and Carlisle • • • • • • ** Lams Northern .. •• •• •• • ' •••• London and North Western, Lon don aad Bla c k wa ll.. •• • • • • " • L E 22 4 , 0 n. Brighton, and South Coast.. "*".;on and South Western. • • •• •• •• Lond o Mmaalehe nderryster, BauxndtEonn,naisuidd —anchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire li M en atl • o • c • k • • • & • e: %aliellester, and South Junction •• •• aryport and Carlisle „ su diena •• 11, 3 11 10 dI nk iananaseatwestern (Irish) •••••• Reweastle N orth British and• Carlisle:. •• •• "• • •• • •• North StaiTordshi;o •• * ** **** • • • • • • • • • • North-Western .• ••• " • •• • • •• Scottish Central •• • .. • **** Scottish Midland •• • •• •• • • •• •• •• Shrewsbury and Birmingham •• •• • • Shrewsbury and Chester •• • • • • •• •• •• SShropshire Union •• "" •• Bouth Devon.. •• •• •• • ••••• • • •• •• •• out h Eastern..., „ „ ****** • • •• South Wales . •• •• ••• • • • South ork e , Doncaster, and Goole •• Taff Val ...... • Waterford and Litnerick • • •• • • • • •• • • YWest Cornwall ••• •• .. • • •• •• itehav en Junction ••• • • • • • • • • •• • •nd York a N ewcastle, and Berwick ••• York and North Midland. •• .. 4,166 16,732 2,529 4,01,6 3,070 529 4,493 14,150 5,026 26,046 163 5,392 18,224 1,279 70,231 1,660 17,650 18,457 2t 7,569 729 22,876 1,955 829 2,5b3 4,222 5,482 1852. 740 2,056 £2, 130 263 1,725 535 5,464 5,918 4,305 265 1,810 249 1,086 1,371 1,133 809 5,042 16,259 2,483 4,420 3,463 766 4,170 12,370 (i,291 21,296 152 5,122 19,255 1,678 610 56,259 1,572 16,571 16,056 176 8,3U2 Dutch FOREIGN. Rhenish .. •• •• •• •• ' .... Al aria Antonia —•••• •• .• Ado a nt ereau mnd Troyes •• •• •• Blrnur Mort ern and Liege .. •• •• •• •• •• •'— of France •• •• •• • Orle ans and Central .....• .. • . ..•• •• Paris and Lyons .• --•• •• •• •• •• Paris and Rouen. •• ••• •• • Paris and Strasbargh .•. .. ••• •... •• •• .. WRouen and Havre . . •• • • estern o f France .. —• ..•••• •• ••• •• •• 714 23,938 2,320 714 2,336 20,877 1,516 1,271 2,382 931 232 2,6 16,501 10.164 750 2,581 4,359 5,413 804 2,538 82U 2,011 1,530 315 676 2,411 19,563 2,539 880 2,678 1,281 476 291 14,482 10,60 S 853 24,388 16,448 11,690 8,330 7,010 3.330 4,165 __.____.. tai'llit AUSTRALIAN MAILS. —The Postmaster. Gene kor,"Et3 entered into a contract with the proprietors of the moister screw steamer Great Britain for the conveyance of tritB.te will and Sydney, in Australia. The Great C` 4ll l will leave Liverpool on the 21st instant, and will 7 i`pt Probably reach Melbourne in about 50 days afterwards. 4 40 3 ia the first instance of the Postmaster -General entering 4 44 extra mail contract, but the size and speed of the re fit b . 40,......ritain, together with the groat emigration movement h „" In pro,r es s , b es, fully ; ustifies this unusual proceeding. The i laci ge on letters by this packet will be one shilling each, atm RneWSPaPerS well be sent free. All letters for Il leluourne ttne:Ydney posted up to the 21st instant will be sent by her, " specially addressed to ha otherwise sent. "--l'eillr Oarnoramic HOSPITAL, HATTON-GARDEN. e st ke erday afternoon a meeting of the board of m anag e _ f Herat the above institution was held for the . tra n tnisleactelohnaior. Arrlori, 1118 in?-ss ; 111!.. Augustus Hadley altN r , 6 other matters it was stated by the c l hairman, that - ugh th • commodious to receive f rorn ~ ew wa ds were sufficiently commo t hat `u to 80 more beds we - at present fitted up, yet to b_ t r want of funds, patients who were too severely afflicte d „,,._ 7 Ir.eated as out- pat were daily obliged to be refuse . Z.7118%0n. Mr. E. J. Chance, the senior surgeon, stated that , tTisn,uarnber or patients already admitted under treatment was ta,juti 7,,(YeSterda') 951. Some resolutions of a local nature th e I , "eil p4:9.seu, thanks were voted to the chairman, arid meeting adjourned. u.,ALII:Wcii, A FIG 4 A vnB44. orge Stone, of Dundee - . '' - ' I' 1 7seterday; crew drovfned, , was vvreelted on Dulas L am.... unDoscd to 'on tho TdE SUN LONDON, _____ Earl Cowper had an interview with Mr. Secretary Walpole yesterday at the Home Office. Mr. Bulkeley Hughes, M.P., had also an interview with the Right lion. Secretary. The Finance Committee of the Royal Commission for the Exhibitio❑ of 1851 had a meeting yesterday at the New Palace of Wesiminter. Present, Sir William . Cn bitt (in the chair), Sir Alexander Spearman, Mr. Coul son, Air. Poto, and Mr. ilowring (Secretary). Captain °will was also present. Dispatches were sent off from the Colonial Office yesterday to the Governors of the North American provinces. THE QUEEN IN BELGIUM. (F.Rom Oust OWN CORRESPONDENT BRUSSELS, FRIDAY, Two O'CLOCK. The Qseen remained at Laecken quietly yes , erday till 4 o'clock, when she drove out in en open carriage, accompanied by the King and several of the suite in another of the royal equipages, along the road to Bru,- sEls. The route does not present any very remarkable features, and lies for the most part through a country of corn fields, willow plantations, and vegetable gardens, terminated on either side by a growth of small timber, which is enabled by the distance to pass for respect able woods. At intervals there appears at the end of en avenue of trees fining the road, a small white villa, with a vista, restricted rigidly to the mathema tical requirements, which may make the house es im posing us can be; and very pretty it is to look up the smooth green lane of grass, which ascends from the base of the gentle declivity bounding the view, and to see it gradually narro eing up to the many windowed country house of some proprietor —a few large black and white cows grazing indolently in the rich pasture, a flock of pigeons hovering over the chimneys, and the thin smoke curling placidly through the air—the pic ture of perfect ease and repose. The Queen drove ra pidly along, and entered Brussels by the rue Longue Neuve about a quarter to five o'clock. The royal carriages drove up the rue do la Madeleine, round the Boulevards, past the Park and Palace, and then re turned to Laecken. It so happened that the hour of her Majesty's visit was that which is generally se lected by the inhabitants for dinner, and there were comparatively few persons in the street in the lower parts of the town ; but in common with King Leopold our Queen was received with the passed, and though th e B e l g i ans es we do,g the removal of th e d o greatest not cheer respect for a s royalty she hat and the polite salutation proved, perhaps, that it was not from any want of loyalty to their Sovereign, or from any indifference to his illustrious guest, they with held their acclamations. The royal party returned to Laecken about six o'clock, and at seven the King had a small and very select dinner party. In addition to her Majesty and the Prince the only persons invited were M. and Madame Van de Weyer, Sir Ralph Abercrombie, and Lord Howard do Walden. The Prince of Wales,' Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alice dined with the Princess Charlotte in her own apart ments. It will be observed, that independently of the diplomatic personages present, there was no addition to the royal circle which could at all render it otherwise than what we call a family dinner. The private band of the Kiog was in attendance, and played throughout the evening. Laecken is a fine country gentleman's mansion-look ing sort of place, situate on the top of a very small hill and surrounded by treee. In the quiet churchyard near it are the remains of poor Malibran, and more tourists pay a visit to that spot than to the palace or cbsitteau, which is intended indeed to be a sort of Tusculan villa to be closed to all intruders. It is to King Leopold just what Osborne is to the Queen, and any attempt to in vade the privacy of either residence would be as unsuc cessful as it deserved to be. In the absence of any reason more apparent than what is probably the real one for the visit of the : Queen to her uncle, the wise acres, who sea deeply into the millstones of princes' hearts, are busy canvassing the various momentous considerations which they have invented for the special use of this occasion. They will not believe it possible that a queen can visit a king without something very important being on the carpet, and laugh to scorn the notion of a niece having the smallest regard for an uncle. But, really, they are sadly puzzled for a good, solid, all-sufficing reason to meet the curiosity of the world just now. Among va rious hypotheses, I may mention that the arrangements for a matrimonial alliance between the royal families in the younger branches finds great favour, while others think that the interest of the Orleans family aro deeply cencereed in this concurrence of two crowned heads at the dinner table at Laecken, and some imagine that the Queen has come over to discuss free trade quietly with his Majesty, and to take his opinion about her present advisers. I leave these and many more suggestions of the minute to the friends of such gassip, professing my own utter ignorance on the subject, and merely adding that it is :pro bable, notwithstanding the popular belief to the con trary, that kings and queen s do not differ much in affections, motives, and springs of actions from their faithful subjects. I wish the same diversity of opinion could exist respecting the weather to-day. The Queen seems to leave her " sun of Austerlitz" behind her when she departs from her own shores. The rain fell heavily to. day in frequent showers, and it is only clearing up just now as I send cif this dispatch. Her Majesty is expected at the Palace, but has not yet ar rived. Anoth e r di nner party will be g i ven at Laecken this evening. It is announced decisively that the Queen will l eave L aec k en very early to-rosv by a special train f or A ntwerp, where she will break fast at a quarter-past nine o'clock, atter which she will visit the exhibition of painting and sculpture. The squadron will then sail for England, and if so we may expect to see the Queen at Osborne on Sunday after noon. All the officers of the squadron have received leave till this evening at ten o'clock, and the order to repair on board by that time looks as if the information was correct of the Queen's departure. At eleven o'clock the Queen, accompanied by the Prince, the Prince of Wales, the Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alice, in company with the King, arrived from Laecken at the Palace, Her Majesty partook of a splendid breakfast in the saloon of the Palace soon after her arrival. La section des Chmars of the Soci6l6 Royal de la G ran d e liar moeie performed a serenade conce r t d ur i ng t h e break fast, principally from the w or k s o f masters quite un known in England even by name. The young Princes went on foot through some of the streets, and returned in the course of the day. As soon as breakfast termi nated the Queen proceeded to the reception room, where she received the various members of the diplo matic corps at Brussels, as well as the chief officers of State. The ceremony is not yet terminated, as the number of persons to be presented is between 60 and 70. As soon as it is over her Majesty is expected to take another drive through the town on her way to Laecken. • (BY SUBMARINE TELEGRAPR) BRUSSELS, FRIDAY EVENING. Her Majesty the Queen received the corps diploma ague at the Palace to-3u, and will leave to-morrow for Antwerp, at three o'clock P.M —Times. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. LYNN RACES.-FRIDAY. The Members' Plate of 30 sovs., added to a sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, for three 3;rs old and upwards, winner to be sold for 1501., &c. One mile and a quarter. (3 Subs.) Mr. Anderson's The Chase, 6st 61b (1001.) (Rooke) 1 1 Mr. T. Robinson's Chorus, Bst 61b (Hammond) 2 2 Mr. Padwick's na Free-trader, Est 91b (Osborne) 3 dr Won by a length. The Stradsett Hall Stakes of 10 sous. each, and 50 added, for two yrs old. Three-quarters of a mile. (10 Subs.) Mr. E. R. Clark's Little Switt, Bst 21b (Bartholomew) 1 Mr. Megenis's Pantomim e , Bst 21b (Freeborn) 2 Lord W. Po wlett' s Scandal, 7st 2lb Won by a head; Scandal a good third. The Lynn Cup of 100 says., added to a sweepstakes of 15 save. each, 10 ft, &c. Two miles and a half. (7 Subs.) Mr. Sponge's King of Troy, Est 51h (1501.) (Stegglas) 1 Lord Orford's na Telescope, (1501.), 7st 1 fib (Pettit) 2 Won in a canter by ten lengths. The Consolation Handicap of 30 sous,, added to a sweep stakes of 3 SOTS. each, for two yrs old and upwards. Three-quarters of a mile. (4 Subs.) Mr. Armstrong's Sabre, 3 yrs, Est 61b ...(Osborne) 1 Mr. St. Quintou's Valentine, 5 yrs, Bst 21 b...(Smith) 2 Mr. Weston's May Queen, 4 yr s , 7 st 21b (Harnmend) 3 Mr. Pedwick na F igurante, 3 yrs, Est 41b (Goodman) 4 Won by two lengths. The Hurdle Stakes of 3 sous. each, and 25 added. Heats, twice round and a distance, over four hurdles. (5 Subs.) Mr.Greeu's Garrick, 5 yrs ( 501 ). lOst 7 lb (Owner) 1 1 M Mr r: Sara'sSignal,Emy4 yrs s t (Owner) 2 3(501) lOst 71b (St urgeon) 3 2 Mr. Abel's Priory Stag (500, I . ost (Smith) dis Won by two lengths. YORK AUGUST MEETING.—The Electric Telegraph Company have announced their intention to forward messages from the Grand Stand, during the ensuing York races, to all parts of the kingdom! COVENTRY RACES.—The objection against the winner of the City Stakes has been withdrawn. EMIGRAT ION TO A USTRALI A. —The ship Northum- On board her were a was to sail for Port Philip next day. . r the auspices of berland arrived at Plymouth from London numble of ne "lewonlen, emigrating uncle ~ arty of emi " the Hon. Sidney Herbert, 111. P. ; also Ryan S p _ld diggings grants, on an organized plan, bound for the go . most of on Tuesday, and beyond Melbourne, alluded to some time Ryan's party consist of 'Tithe-office clerks. take with missioners sent them flattering testimonials tothem to Australia. The testimonials were, however, Ke" spectfully erq,„ , rolls manner in which they had been previously d— eu by the clerks,on account of the ungene ed by the Commissioners. 1 ,., -I \ I GHT VV °RIC IN TkIFI POST-OFFICE.—Rapid pro rsrihneeeTithe Com gress is now making in the arrangements for w t u re ik at ing at night in the inland office of the General Post-oflicc. A star of forty desks will, it is expected, duty, be engaged on night COURT CIRCULAR. r l g - 'III,IT of the PUBLIC JOURNA.LS. PALACE OF LAAKEN, AUG. 12, 1 FROM THE. HORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. Her Majesty the Questa wi„ h His Roy a l Has,`; ~t TlNiES.—Nuttong an scquaintanee with Trans- Prince Albert, their Raps' Highnesses the Pt uiee of alautic hyperbole could prevent alarm at the exceed- Wales, the Princeas Roy al, the Princess Alice, and the i ingly bsllicose tone adopted by the American jotrnals, Prince Alfred, attended by his Grace the Duke of or I and especially by one of them which claims au audno thuraberlatl, and the ladies and gentlemen of the suite, i rity fa: surpassing the " slow action and meagre re landed at Antwerp this morning at nine o'clock. Her I ports" of the Supremo Government. The .New Yorh Majesty was saluted by the batteries, the ships coo:- I _Herald, proceeding upon the "disputed interpretation " prising the Rabat squadron likewise saluted, and manned 1 of the Treaty of 1818, announces as subjects of iturne yards. diate exposition the ,resent and future available strength Her Majesty was received on landing by the King of of the United Sautes navy ; the resources of the Union the Belgians, and inomedistely entered one of his Ma- j for a " long and bloody naval war with the first naval jesty's carri a g es an d f our, an d proceeded to the railway ! Power upon earth;" the extensions required in its station, where sp world in ecial train w as i n waiting, to cotivu y I system to enable it to the Royal party t o the palace o f L aa k en, where they at-"compete s u cces s fully with th e arms," and the "train of consequences " which rived about ten o'clack, must ensue when all other " Powers and interests" have been duly embroiled in the contest. These momentous and absorbing contingencies, irreverently classified as " the Codfish troubles," the journal in question pro fesses its resolution of illustrating by documents and papers " more full, more accurate, more reliable, [-lad produced with greater dispatch than what the old fogies at Washinaton (1. e. the supreme autho rities of the United States) can produce in this , hot vv. ether." We should regret the loss of these very remarkable chapters of prospective his tory, but the anticipated text we may contid, ntly hope will never be delivered. A squadron from the British Channel will, no doubt, come in view of a squadron from the American port, off the coasts of Nova Scotia and Newroundland, but even the version given by the Herald itself to the instructions of the American com manders will preclude thu possibility of disagreement. Orders to " protect the undoubted rights" of the Union in its " fisheries and commerce," however emphatically given or liberally understood, can never bring the fleet of our neighbours into collision with our own, for the rights which have been called in question are ours and not theirs, and they only have committed the acts which are suggestive of dispute. The Americans can only fish in our bays by a doubted and very doubtful right; they , can only fish within three miles of our coats by an un doubted wrong. They have probably been doing both, but in neither ease can they claim the protection of their fleet. We are confidently persuaded that neither the Government nor the people of the Union will be able to detect any act of hostility or encroachment in the measures taken for the better manage ment of our fisheries, and though great misconception has certainly occurred, we are sure that in the adjustments now rendered necessary, the Americans will encounter no captious or illiberal spirit on the part of Great Bri tain. The_rights and liberties of both countries over the waters in question are determined by a treaty less than forty years old, which treaty has never been invalidated by any surrender, or modified by any concessions except that of Lord Aberden's note in 1845. This convention stipulates that no American fishermen shall come within three marine miles of the British colonial coasts, except in specified places. About this clause there is no " dis pute," although it has, no doubt, been occasionally vio lated, both wilfully and without intention. The con vention further declares that the Americans shall not come within th ree mar i ne m il es of any o f t h e " b a y s " of the domi n i ons a f oresa id ; and this is the provision which is " di s p u t e d." N ow, as wo on Th urs d a y ob served, we think it i m p oss ibl e to ma i n tain that a ves sel confessedly forbidden to approach " within three miles of a bay" should be entitled to sail into the middle of it. A bay, like every other piece of land or water with a distinct name and character, must have a distinct circumscription. There must clearly be a line, for in stance, on one side of which the waters of the Bay of Biscay are those of the bay, and on the other those of the Atlantic Ocean. The geographical converse, if w e may se speak, of a bay, is a peninsula, which is l an d protruding into water just as a bay is water penetrating into land. No person would deny that the line separat ing the territory of the peninsula from the territory of the main land would be found, if required, by continuing the main line of coast straight across, and it is obviously the same line similarly continued which would define the extent of ii bay. The doctrine does not depend on any capricious or conventional rule of public law, but is manifestly a deduction of reason and common sense. If the word " bay" has any meaning at all, it must obviously mean the space between two projecting headlands, and the waters of that bay, as distin guishable from the open sea, must b o i ncluded within a line drawn from one of th ese h ea dl ands to the other. The point, perhaps, when expressed i n technical terms, may appear abstruse, but when put in 'plain language cannot possibly admit of honest dispute. No American skipper would pretend to doubt when he had got clear of Chesapeake-bay, or whether he was or was not in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. If, then, a bay is a piece of water included between two head lands, and defined by a line drawn from one to the other, and if American fishermen are forbidden in notorious terms to " approach within a league" of British bays, it is perfectly incontestable that this distance must be measured from the defining line, for nothing could be more absurd than to maintain that a vessel bound to keep three miles from a bay should bo at liberty to enter it. The convention stipulated for our own ex clusive property in the waters three miles from the coast, but as the " coast" of a country, according to legal definition, is marked by a line drawn from its chief headlands, and is therefore, in some points, a line of sea and not a line of land, the treaty provided for this recognised view of the case by adding to the term " coasts," those of bays, creeks, or harbours, as posses siona from which also a distance of three marine miles was to be kept. To show how undoubtedly the intention of exclusion was here entertained we need only cite the very next clause of the treaty, which, after enacting this exclusion in respect of fishing purposes, proceeds to enu merate purposes which shall be regarded in a different light; providing, irafact, " that the American fishermen, however, shall bo admitted to enter such bays and har bours for the purpose of shelter and of repairing damages therein, of purchasing wood, and of obtaiuing water;" after which specificat ions is added, " and for no other purpose whatever." Now, this treaty and agreement, so conceived and set forth, James Monroe, President of the United Settee, on the 30th of January 1819, did " cause to be made public at Washington under the seal - of -the States, to the end that the same and every clause and article thereof might be, observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof." A plainer case of law and right could never be mado out. The truth of the matter is, that the Americans, with their characteristic and not unnatural spirit of encroachment, soon began tacitly to assume, without warrant,those privileges which, by this formal convention, they had failed to obtain. Whether this failure resulted, as Mr. Webster intimates in his manifest& of July 6th, from "an oversight" on the part of the American negotiation, or whether, as is a good deal more probable, it evinced simply their in ability to get batter terms, we need not inquire. The very expression above quoted, coming as it does from thus pen of an American Minister, is of itself a sufficient acknowledgment that the fact so stands, and that the Americans are precluded from entering our buys and harbours for fishing purposes. This exclusio n , h owever, athset3O have e )eal now commonly to disregarded, so com mon l y, i n d eed, their systematic trespass as consti tuting a species of - prcscr:ptiom But their encroach ments have by no Means passed w ithout remonstr ance. The British construction of the treaty, w hi ch is not only, es Mr. Webster admits, its "strict and rigid con struction;" but, in point of fac t, the only Po ss ibl e construction mainLi ned permittedand even p er iodically enforc e d. As lately, by its terms, has a l ways been pure g t e o o o , d a f s e e l 1 8 i 4 13 g 5 t r h e ax ß e r d i t its r G ig o b v t e s rn in m r e e n s t p , eaccttutoatetdheby Bay of Fundy, and, while specially reminding the American authorities that the three miles distance from the entran ce of other bays was to be observed, admitted the fishermen of the States into this particular bay, saving only th e ordinary: privileges of the shores. Now, as this notifica tion was published in the Government organ at Wash ington as an "Important Concession," and received accordingly, it is as obviously incompetent to the Anae ricans to plead a right of prescription as a 1 ight of treaty. Restrictions of which a partial relaxation was thankfully accepted only seven years ago, cannot with any reason be described as wholly invalidated by " thirty years' disuse." The fishermen of the States have always craved these privileges, have often assumed them, and arc never unwilling to make inveterate trespass pass muster for a right. Not only, however, do no such ad vantages pertain to th em, b ut, in as far as any natural title on their part s ever existed, it has beenso,l,e renounced. Every q uo t a ti on we h ave given has been they expression, by the Am e ri cans th emse l ves, of what they were debarred from doing. They "renounced for ever " (we are writiag from an Ameri can t ex t o f the document) " any liberty heretofore enjoyed or claim e d t o take, dre or cure fish within three marine miles o f any of d' coasts, bays, creeks, or harbours" in our colonial doe. minions, and foimally declared that they might enter such bays or harbours " for shelter and refitting ee l, but " for no other purpose whatever." About th e e • terpretztion " of such provisions as these we do not in a te how there can be much genuine " dispute," but if the Americana desire to repair their " oversight," by open _ ing a new negotiation, we trust that they may b e met in a becoming spirit of conciliation and liberality. If the measures of our Government have been abrupt, l e t them recollect that the provocation given by their own fishermen has been notoriously grea t . If our Minist ers have acted rudely their own senato rs hav e not been f ar behind. The interests of the two countries, and ofvery many beyond, are so dependent on our mutu al good will, and are so .easily reconcilable with each other, th at a pacific adjustment ought scarcely to be the work of the eeWestern Euston_ s day. It is not from England in 1852 tha t America will fail to receive the consideration s of amit y . shareholders who square terminus, heard an a ble s address from Mr. Glyn on line ; and y n on the general position and prospects of they were also made acquainted wtt ht h e proceedi ngs b L le e d nd y e e n ster a d n a d y at North-Western which have taken place with reference to a propos e d amalgamation of their own and the Great Western Companies —a project which, whether feasible or th e reverse, may be regarded as one of th e most im portant movements in our railway history. On Thursday, th e Great Western proprietors held their half.yearly m eet . it)g—nat, however, at Paddington, but, by a somewh a t infelicitous arrangement, at Bristol. Mr. Russell, the Chairman, made all the amends in his power for the distance 'which the greater part of his audience had travelled, and for the exceedingly disagreeable weather 'hey had eneountered, by l a ying before them a lucid and skilful - statement of the position of their affairs. It cannot be said that, so far as regards the financial condition of these two great companies, and the , gradual development of their resou rces of traffic,t there i s any foundation for the sudden depreciation which has effected the value of their shares on the Stock Exchange. If it be urged that the dividend of the London and North Western, for the first six months of the present year, is only at the rate of five and. ter half peeet, per e annum, while every one was looking for siir,‘tho answer IS two-fold. In the first place, tiivre is no Exhibition this year to give an eitra. SATURDAY .ordinary stimulus to traffie: and in the next—as the au ditors of the company point out in their report, and a s the proprietors themselves determined by sVcial -1-'se lution y e st er d ay —it would have been only fair that a sum of 77,00 0 / ., which is charged in t h e present aeon counts for repairs and rolling Stock, should harp been spread over a longer period. As the fact stands, i t income of a single half-year has sustained an undue °than de duction for purposes which belong rather to C apu t, to revenue. It is true that the charge, "nee onceof the paid, is for ever disposed of; but the "Ist cine la n alf• oars arrangement adopted will be that future , , Y will present an appearance of comparative The pros perity to which they will not be fully entitled. of the present half -year is impoverished for the benefit future, and the dividend is less than it fairly might bea.. have been. Mr. Glyn was right in saying thatw with the gloom in the share market. The latter count s of the company have nothing peculiar to itself, and the depression of the last few c da te s is the r, suit of one of them. Th.. 4 development t h ()tined company goes on steadily. A decline may be r for here and there, hut the general result—allowirg groat and manifest causes of disturbance—is satisfactorythat and hopeful. And it is to be remembered, too,. and the company have closed their capital acaount, cunt equently, nearly all the vast income which they .. the London and Nurth.\Vestern Company la n as do oscillations will henceforth derive from their traffic will be avail , able fur the paynaent of di•Adends. In this r,eptcet fortunate than their formidable neighbours, the Great ., Western. Tee latter have not yet closed their capital account, and they have still to look fur ward to considerable additions to the total suns which, in one form or another, will become a charge upon their dividend-Wing re- , venue. But the resources of the company are elastic; and the directors ale able to congratulate the share holders en the fact that the increased merchandiv traffic during the last six months compensates for the natural de c l ine which has taken place in the passenger are more traffic, as compared with the corresponding period of last year, in conscepienee of the withdrawal of the stimulus afforded by she E x hibi tion. The most impor tant topic, howev er , a d verted to at the two meetings, was the bold prop osa l for amalgamation which has been made by the Lond on and North- Western Directorate to their groat rival. The views of the Euston-square board on this subject are exceedingly simple, and they have been very plainly expressed. They say, in effect:— "We feel that it is useless to talk of agreements and treaties as effectual or equitable modes of putting an , iend to the disputes between the two com panies. The subjects of difference are so various, and the points of collision are so many, that harmony can never be expected so long as there is not identity of interest. We propose, therefore, that the two undertakings, vast and complicated as they are, even separately, shall be amalgated, on fair terms, into one company." At present the Great Western directors do not assent to the principle of this plan. They put for ward a count er propos i t i on, which assumes for its basis the possible efficiency of an alliance as distinguished from an amalgamation. It appears probable, however, that the Euston-square scheme may, at no distant date, be adopted by the two companies; and, i n th a t case , Parlia ment will be ca ll e d u p on to consider one of the most mo mentous questions which ever came before it in connexion with the internal comunications of the country. Both companies admit that they cannot expect any such project to be sanctioned by the Legislature except on the condition of some effective power of supervision over their proceedings being placed in the hands of the Government. The policy of granting or withholding the consent of Parliament to the proposed amalgamation would depend almost wholly on the re strictive concessions which the two companies might be prepared to make—upon the evidence they could produce as to the expediency of the measure on public grounds —and upon the facilities and guarantees they could offer for the efficient operation of the checks to which they might consent to submit. It would be unreasonable to say that the proposed junction of i n t erests i s utterly inadmissible ; b u t it is clear that amalgamations are arrangements which ought not to be hastily authorised. It will be for the two companies to prove that they have both the will and the means to surround the formidable powers which a union would g i ve them with such sae guards against abuse, that the a d vantages of the change - would be equally shared between the travellers on the consolidated lines and the reci dividends. Piebts of the consolid a t e d DAILY NEWS.—The reports of the Great Western and North-Western Railway meetings disclose the im portant fact that a proposition has been unanimously made by the North-Western to the Great Western board for an amalgamation of the two companies; with the further suggestion that "the Midland Company be invited to concur in the arrangement generally in manner and in terms to be settled with them." To this propo sition the Great Western has, it seems, given a very cautious reply. First of all it says that the proposition comes rather late to be really useful now that the Com panies have in their rivalries spent millions that an union some years ago would have saved; next it is of opinion that amalgamation is not the best manner of settling present disputes and contests; thirdly, it doubts whether Parliament would sanction such a junction; fourthly, it argues that the money terms of amalgama tion cannot be fairly fixed until the traffic of its new lines be tested; and, lastly, it has its fears whether ne gotiation on the subject may not damage its Parliamen tary case for legislative eanctioa to those Shrewsbury arrangements, whereby it still hopes to reach the Mersey and compete for the Liverpool traffic. Into the struggles and rivalries of these two great companies, or of any others, enter, further than to describe the progress of their competition. For to long as the supineness andthe indifference of the great bulk of their proprietaries who suffer most by them are, after all, it is net our practice to allow these wars to be originated and continued, they who damage and the public, it is quite clear, is anything but o _ . by rivalries that furnish it with greater " "w" ace : j ut rnodation at cheaper rates. Railway directors are mortals; and once fairly is a great contest their passions become excited, their fears and apprehensions exagge rated,ie and their plans of assault and defence grow magnitude end costliness, until at last there seems betoo eme most to blame damaged no door open to accommodation and pc 3 " , but whist great scheme of this sore And thus it will go " iie w eird, legislation on the subject of railways is all hap without plan, system, or principles; the two houses same hav ing no uniformity of action, standing orders; so that while the Commons pals e I it on examination of its merits a Bill the Lords reject some preliminary point of observance by its promoters. It is this legislative uncertainty that gives en couragementre- to railway contests. I n the P . t. ( sence of this cause, arising in Parliament i and not even the on full self, we have never been disposed to blame which, railway directors too severely for that com made the railway system; and if the proposition now made the though it has reduced dividendr, has largely extended by the North Western is only an evidence t f good ln board of that great li ne is tired and wearied of l of rivalry, th e beneficial results of wh i c h totl t ee s Pa p h o ll _ n .. pos sible. limits, th at proposition is p o have certainly reac h ed, if not assed, the i r utmost 0 anys sugary. other light, and as a practical measure, before it one that requires the very gravest consideration When can possibly receive the sanction of the public. melittie Government tried a few years ago to gain t w s° resisted power over railway accouets, the attempt -66 public, by the companies and disapproved of by the e would chiefly inceuse of the power any such interterenc which give to the Government over our railway system' which in its origin was purely popular; of the dagger to and of effi cient service likely to be involved in that P il its being a breach of the conditions on which possible subscrip tions to railway a had been based. Now it it is, however, is quite the to create a great railway power unconnected with Government Go vernment, which is able almost to control the be and Pa r li amen t as t o ra il way policy, an d shall also able to d om i neer over t h e interests of the publie. And s i the first in considering Mr. Glyn's proposition, the o t f that propo danger to be guarded against. In favour ~ _ to hear, sition a class of arguments may be bro . u u g s e ic b c :v will be which, pushed to their legitimate eteboL found to support a complete transfer of railway Government. manage ment to a central board, responsible to fnee, of e „ These are the consider a ti ons o f econ omy, Li peace, system—the c entralised autho r ity, en d o f uniformity of petition, from profits derivable from the absence of"Ili tull rates, and t he opportunity thereby given of charging b u siness with from the possibility of carrying " re all arguments smaller rolling stocks. These, we say ! may b© which, if applied to this proposed a malgamation , urposes, carried much further, and applied to Russell desire. than either Mr. Glyn or lan that may equally They are a two-edged sword, 1 is wielded as wound those by whose hands 2 the enemy. It is a popular helief, that and any such already too great a power over the public; certainly greatly amalgamation as that rosed wouldus consider the posi tion that opinion. For e i - list let us they have a of these threo companies. _ .twe millions paid•up capital of not less than I?* money still ster ling,unex- with further powers of raisingore constitute by far hausted. Their union would therein— its capital would the greatest corporation yet known—its d be far the most be the largest—its proprietary w n umerous—its fi e ld o f operation w ould be far the most extensive —and th e i n fl uenc e derivable from its expendi ture, its p a t ronage , and its proprietary enor mous. Th e num b er o f m il e s o f railroad in the actual possession of this amalgamated c orporation would b o certainly u p war d s o f 1,400; w hilst the addition a l • mileage und er th e i r control w ould probably be other of this mileage the public 400. Now, on a large part has at pr esent t h e a d va ntage of t hese companies, and competition would cease, and by . pecuniary burthen would its cessati on a h eavy a dditional be imp osed on society an d on c ommerce. By their se - n number of small lin e s paration and di s tinct existence, _ independence. Unite are able t o ma i nta i n pos itions 0f them, and th e independence o f these lines must fall ; common system. Then they, too, will b e a b s orbed in the com each of th ese th ree gre at lines has in one direction or another a r i va l company n ot included in this suggested the whole force, and i poser, arrangem ent . U ntie them, will be brought to and iefluenee of the three combined,o l _ incorporation s , the bear, to the destruction h public utility of vlli° was recognised by the Legi s l ature in the statutes which give them legal life- By such an Liala.t.,e '. Swansea and Holyhead to m ation the traffic of the fd country f rom Plymouth an Gl asgow and Aberdeen would be placed in the hands of t towns of England—Lon don, cornowny All the grea Birmingham, Manchester, don, Liverool, Bristol, come under its Derby, Leicester,and Leeds—would, a e of the Eastern Counties, monopoly., The independenc of the G reat Northern, t h e Yorkshire and Lancashire, the Y or k and Berwick, cou ld not long be preserved... be absorbed; until at Gradually they would yield and last the Briars an arms of one huge irresistible All this incorpo ration would cover the face of the island. three in volvescow- net merely arraugements between . in our system of peting companies, but an entire change railway poli c y; ca nnot be allowed and that, it is clear, to peas th rough Parliament merely as a . private Bill. It is a public m easure , see di ng at least publ ic discussion. EVENING, AUGUST 14 THE TREAT Y OF THE THREE NORTHERN POWERS, (From the Morning Chrwricle) It is unquestionable that tee giiriet-ous solemnities by which the whole of France will to-morrow be summoned ' to admire and to adore, will derive some portion of their interest from the instrumentality of the Morning Chronicle. Despite the running fire of insinuations and contradictions to which we have been exposed ever since the secret Minute of the Northern Powers appeared in 1 our columns, a large portion of the audience before which that brilliant exhibition of decorative talent is to I be unfolded remains constant to the persuasion that we have imparted an ulterior significance to the laurel wreaths, the Church services, and the Catherine-wheels. Heralded by an amnesty,and celebrated with the offering of those semi-divine honours which mark their object as the founder of a system, an era, a dynasty—is the 15th of Au gust really deeie: h a to give birth to th e long expected E mp i re? If such be a defiance to those re ould h t h t e h thee event C o t,ve " u 'i t l io i n t recorded i n thi s j ournal noeuich sequ e l en6ne, will the revral-a d t e On the other h an d, if mined opposition which the C onvent i on indicated have has anythin g to do witlethe p os t ponement of an inevitable' consummation? We have,decidedly contribut , rl our share to the attrac tiveness of the only political holiday which the French law permits to be observed. We have stood with folded arms before the d ro p p i ng discharge of de ment i a, not from v.ant of regard for our own character, nor from an inadequate estimate of the responsibility whi c h we had taken upon ourselves, but because we were firmly convinced that our opponent s could be shown in th e end to have been firingi with )ohehts blank-cartridge. W e were well aware, beforehand, that we should be contr a di c t e d , and perhaps maligned, of gave publicity to the do cument wh i ch had been cornnavvue ',jested to us; but we de c id e d on our course, after due ' comparison of the credibility attaching to such contra dictions with that belonging to the authority from which our intelligence was received. It is not to be supposed that, as has been insinuated, we ever pretended to have received the minute in question from the Chancery of a ny one of the signataries. If we expressed any opinion on the point, it would be that those articles of agree ment have never found their way to any official recep tacle whatever. Whence, then, did we receive them, and was the source of our information in a quarter to which there was any strong likelihood of their penetrating? Now, on the assumption that th e th ree M onarchs, at their recent meeting, had affixed their signatures to any paper the substance of which our publication represented, there was but one individual in Europe to whom they were likely to communicate it, even before it came to the knowledge of their own Foreign Ministers; and there was but one class of persons who, after that per sonage, and through him, were likely to become sharers in the secret. To that class we knew that our informant belonged. We knew, moreover, that he w as a b ove a ll suspicion of mystifying or deceiving oth e r s , w hil s t i t wa s well nigh ridiculous to suppose that ho had been mystified himself. Nor did we neglect to scrutinize t h e probable weight and cogency of the motives which had led to the determination that the document in question should be laid before the world. There was t h e probability of a desire that some degree of notoriety should be given to the powerful protection extended to that one of the great French parties which felt peculiar repugnance to the expected proclamation of the Empire on the 15th of A ugust . A n d t h ere were other reasons besides, pointing in the same direction. The chie f o f that party had recently taken on himself to impose on its members a p o li c y w hi c h t h ey li tt l e relished, and which they did not in th e l eas t under stand. B u t, es soon as the ter ms o f t h e N ort h ern Con vention were known, the explanation of this policy was easy, an d its wisdom became evident. By those w ho—unaware of th e p ar ti cu l ar c i rcumstances under whioh the Convention obtained publicity—have controverted its authenticity on general grounds, ob jection has been taken to its form and language; and great weight has been attached to the improbability that it would first see the light in an English newspaper. W e might easily evade the fi r st- ment i one d difficulty by repeating that we gave the pap er , not i n While, however, we d ec li ne to full, but in abstract. pledge ourselves to the verbal accuracy of its exp ress i ons, we affirm our belief that it states correctly the conside rations upon which the decision of the three Monarchs was based, as well as the decision itself; nor do we see anything in the peculiar tone of these considerations , which militates against their genuinene ss . The politi cal philosophy which is noticed as out o f p l ace i n a treaty may easily have crept into a o minute comprising the articles of a private understanding; and, in the form which it here assumes, it tallies strikingly with the views which at least two of the signataries are known to entertain. Flimsy as is the theory of legitimacy which the docu ment enunciates, how often have we heard it from the mouth of Frederick William! and how infinitely more rational is the language in which it is expressed than those wildly mysterioth propositions which every student of diplomatic history admires in the text of the Convention which issued in the Holy Alliance ! Nor must we forget to state, while referring to that Conven tion, that, like the document now in question, it bore the signatures of the three Sovereigne, and not of their Ministers—a fact which disposes of one of the minor ob jections which certain critics have started against the genuineness of the agreement of last May. As for the supposed external improbability of such a document being first made public in our columns, it vanishes altogether when placed beside the known achievements of English journals. Attention has already been di rected to the circumstances under which the Treaty of Uokiar-Skelessi became public. That treaty pro mised consequences certainly not less momentous than does the present Convention. It was equally strange in its form, and equally upleelecd for. The motives for beeping it secret, for a time from all Europe, except the contracting parties, were quite as strong as in the pre sent case. Yet, though the Morning Chronicle, on ex clusively publishing it to the world, was a‘saited with a succession of denials alternately iedignant and disdain. ful, is there a man living who now entertains a doubt that the co n d uctors of this journal had really possessed themselves of a copy of the Treaty? Satisfied with the strong presumptions of authenticity which were furnished both by the intrinsic character of the Convention and by the source. from which we re ceived it, we should, under any circumstances, have examined with jealous scrutiny any attempt to impugn it on the part of those who were chiefly concerned in establishing its non-existence, or in resenting its publi cation. It is not our fault if the latitude given to the French official, or semi-official journals by the withdrawal of the vi g il ant supervision once exercised by their con temporaries—coupled with the reign of terror under which the independent portion of the press is placed, must always throw a doubt on statements, however positive, proceeding from French authority. Again, in looking at d en i a l s w hi ch might emanate from the sup posed parties to the Convention, we could never leave out of consideration the powerful masons which would induce them to neutralize us much as possible that which, looked at from their own point of view, must appear a most dangerous and culpable act of indiscretion. But, in fact, not only has cur publication of the Convention been met with no denial whatever which is worth a straw, but the character of a series of lame attacks on its genuineness actually lends the strongest possible ex post facto support to the antecedent presumptions in its favour. Tho Jesuitical parvgraph from the Prussian Gazette leaves us doubtful whether it means to deny that the alleged agreement deserves the technical appellation of a Treaty—which is a point not worth discussing —or whether, admitting the existence of the agreement, it impugns the fairness of our abstract. The remarks of the Austrian Lloyd, which do not go beyond an assertion that the Convention is " apocryphal," look marvellously like a covert attack on the policy which dictated it; while a long semi-official article in the Jour nal de Francfort is pregnant with admissions of its genu ineness, for it reiterates in substance the considerations enunciated in the document which it affects to denounce as spurious. Moreover, all the while, the French Government has been absolutely mute. It is true that, in its anxiety to avoid the attentions of M. de Maupas, the Assemblee Nationale had accompanied its reproduction of the Con vention with a hint of its untrustworthiness. There is a school of theological criticism which, when you point to a set of independent and incidental notices, as evi dence in favour of a detailed recital, turns your flank by retorting that the history has been manufactured out of the tributary passages ; and, in the same spirit, the Assembles insinuated that the Convention might have been fabricated out of the diplomatic communications which had already appeared in an English newspaper. This ingenious idea was caught up by the Patrie and the Pays, and was made the text of articles, the very length and earnestness of which deprive them of all weight as a dementi. This se condary and derivative contradiction—published i n journals which are semi-official in so far that they m ay say what the please - till it is convenient to disclaim them—is all the denial which the Convention has pro voked in France. The official organ of the Govern ment, which honours the English press with a very full share of its notice , ha s not p rinte d a line on u subject which all Europe has been occupied in discussing. There is but one infe rence which all reason a bl e men h d ocument o which appeared draw from this data —viz., tha t the appeared in our harmonycolumns.isin of eitheruis Napoleon's with° hi s u spicions or w ith the information the G overn ment. It is not impossible that the explanations which the latter is said to have dem an d ed m a what are called satisfactory assurances, Bnytretshuolutgihn such an event may count as a po i nt gained f or t h e Pre sident in the game of diplo macy, we shall st ill b el i eve that we have been the mean s of laying before the world an historical piece as authentic as it is curious and ien. portant. I 850. The Simcom, 16, screw stnm troop-ship, Captain • Kiugeorab ,, , will be removed from dock to sue steam • basil! on Sidurday, and the Termagant, 24, will take the vac.,t cd dock. The Vesta!, 26, Captain C. B. Hamilton, will be paid advance hero on the 16:h• The Victoria line-ef.packet ship sailed from Spithead this morning for New York. The following young cfliciers (mates and midshipmen) passed examinstious in nasigatlen at the Royal Naval tor the rank of lieutenants: College this week, qualifying Messrs. Battisc(tntre, Arthur, Calerat t, Patterson, Goo'den, Coxon, Hatchard, and Garland. The following Bi-coed-masters, U.N., passed at the same time for the rank of masters:—Messrs. Cux, Lle wellyn, Creak. and Searle. Mr. Percy Earl also passed an examination qualifying for entry into the navy as master's assistant, and the following young gentlemen qualified for entry into the service as naval catlets:—Messrs. Buckle, Osborne, Fitz roy, Boys, Jacob, Byarn, Hainersley, Molyneux, and Dolben. These have all been appointed to the flag-ship Victory, pro. tern. DEVONPORT, AUG, 12.—Sprightly sailed this morn ing with supernumeraries for Portsmouth. Trincomalee, 24, Captain Houston, was towed out of harbour this afternoon by the Coufiance steam-tug, r. hen she saluted the flog of Admiral Sir J. A. Oniman ney, which vas answered by the Impregnable. Her compasses will be adjusted to - mo rrow by Mr. Thomp. son, the Queen% harbour-master. Falmouth lighter sailed this afternoon with stores for Portsmouth. Camel lighter, Fahen master, arrived this morning with stores from Pembroke. In the Sound—Queen, Hogue, and Trincomalee. In Harbour—lmpregnable, St. George, Samspareii, Sylph, Confiance, and the Devon and Camel. Iu ilaraosze—Tortoise, Rochester, and Duck lighters. Goodwill lighter, Patrick master, will sail tht4 , eVi.l.i -1 ing with stores for Sheerness. APPOINTMENTS. WOOLWICH, Aria. 13.—Surgeon H ug h T ridge, M.D. (1844), to the Sampson steam frigate, S. Beve ridge, fr igate, at Portsmouth. Third-elass Assistant-Engineer W. n. the Magicioune, 16, paddle-wheel , Portsmouth. Blear il- frigate, at Gunner J steam-frigate cn onas Nash to th e Penelope Stephens to the west coast ot Atrica station; a n d A ct i ug.Gunncr John Bull to the Cygnet, 8, Weston to the Tortoise, 12, ateaca. 1„„ station. Boatswain William W i l t ' -- -r• 011 the same , Dover mail store ship, at the island of Asc ' en, ion. will Ray mond, has The Onyx ill leave p C n o i m rs m h a e u r d e :: r a u G d eor e steam-packet, Lieutenant- Woolwich on Sunday morning The Greenock,completed her re to resume her horse preoawdeyr,fowas duties a s a - station. mail packet on the Dover a haentintroinal, 10 , iron screw steam-frigate, of 5 56 ' taken 90, downo u ,s et ther o e fw theriver. steam-sh ip , t e inner s ll basin il a s t o -d a a; 0 to make The Ary arn number fittings, atm ' s employed on board . r depart will be completed in the enginoe meat by John Penn and Sons in about six weeks from this time. One of Mr. Grant's distilling aPParatansnaof to expedite her just been put up capable of producing 50 g distilled water per hour. — . _—______---- - ----- --- i N , e and ali the The commer c i a l advices frcormeased abundance, York are very satisfactory, money being in T a t stock market buoyant. The i n 21 days and four hours fornia (brought via Nicar e g! t sL it. A party of Sp an i ar d s and er intelligence from C wasnot illy: o ' f o, having by thei r l a b our running time) Frenchmen, to the nu ails i n the Mariposa river, had all eoirg o b id y . d _ e l: se inbitige of armed Americans, who r b e e a e c n h d ed riv so e ln n foreigner to quit the place in 24 hours. it will be remembered, of the celebrated high terms to the promoters of London leases offered t he t beginning of the present year. From T ha n d is o i r s d t e h r e ed dis ev tr e i r cu y t, compani es a " ra pbic dates are to th e 14th o f J u l y , b ut change in the general stat e o f affairs. The in t!. b o ldness of the Indian d e p re d at i ons f orme d an addi tional e lement creasm- in the general disorgani z ation of the coun t ry. Accord • ing to accounts from Mazatl an , th e Governo r h a d im prisoned there erlco was o tel eg the French and Sp an i s h C onsu l s on a c h arge of t rticrpating in the recent disturbances there. At Vera Cruz it was stated that a company had been formed to run two steam-ships monthly between that city and Ncw York, calling at Tampion, Havonnah, and Charleston. Lepers from Petu of the 28th of June mention that Garibaldi had returned to Lima from China, and allege that the Govern ment of Ecuador had offered him the command of their troops to opi,ose the piratical attack of General Flores. THE QUESTION OF CIIRItTMAS BOXES TO POST LETTER CAERlERS.—lesterday (Friday) at two o'clock, Lord Robert Grosvenor, 141. P. (Who had come up to town expressly for the purpose), Mr. Masterman, M„p., and Sir J. Duke, 81. P., had an interview with the Postmaster. General at the General Post-ollice, St. Martin's-le -Grand, to in consequence of th e i nadequate remuneration they advocate the principle that the letter ca rr i ers of the London district should, be permitted to be a ll owed to receive Christ mas-boxes.' he details of th e conference of course did not receiv e, The transpire fully, but on the Noble Lord and his Honourable C o ll e agues leaving, an intimation of a most elating nature was made to a deputation of the men, that their case had been favourably considered, and that the prohibitory order would not, at least for the present, be re-issued, but the matter would be left between the postmen and the public, and it Was intimated that there was a project to iucrease ' the pay of those valuable and over-worked servants of the public,-411orning Advertiser. " CHEER UP." (From " IlacteouB," by M. F. Tupper.) Never go gloomily, man with a mind, Hope is a better companion than tear; Providepce, ever benignant and kind, Gives with a smile what you take with a tear; All will b e r i g h t, Look to th e li g ht : Morning was ever the daughter of is Cheerily, All that w as b lack will be all tbs' ' Cheerily, cheerily then' cheer up. Many a foe is a friend in disge,!s: r f ue, Many a trouble a b!e Helping the heart to j o ys ever new. With love ever precious and sh3juhgar7peys'and wise, Stand in the van, Strive like mu n: is the bravestli you do what you ca n . cheerily plan; Trusting in God obi Cheerily, c heerily then! cheer up. - Return tickets are to be issued from Australia to passen gers proceeding to that colony by a screw steamer irons Liverpool. This is the longest Journey on record for Which a return ticket is available. NAVAL INT ELLIGENCE . 1 ....---- CRE3IORNE GARDENS Onr obituary yesterday aensuneed the death of Corn- ! THE IisIFIRS. mender Richard Murdoch Robertson. We notice the i The continuance of the war on the borders of the Cape mour n f u l i nte lli gence with feelings cf deep sorross, ler colon) , and the ntlinerolls dispatches of Sir Harry Smith in th e d eat h of t h at goo d a nd gallant officer the service ; and Lord Cathcart having directed a good deal of otten. has lost one who amongst all classes of society we.s en tron in this country to the seal character of the Kafirs, honour to the profession; and a numerous circle has 1 we gladly availed ourselves the other da , s, when on a lost a st aunc h fr i en d an d a pl easa nt an d worthy ac_ visit visit to Cretnorne Garde ns , of en 4p - on's: l aity - of seeing quaintan ce . I some natives belonging to three of the tribes who are at In the navy Commander Robertson was well known ' present being exhibited there in a large pa vilion at the ot the lawn. We foiledthe from h's first entry into it as a most excellent rcessmate, 1 foot dark ,skinned people and a first-rate officer. He wilt generous and high- seated on the stage of a commodious theatre, with Spirited, e hilst at the same time he was considerate and scenery appropriate, forbearing, p rod uc g ti e o , n e s n li e ti o t i g vi a . _b e o m ut; .two gentlemen being also upon and with a large number of African of the ship—he was dashin g and daring, and his resources the Stu As a midshiman he was the life and soul h gives a most interesting expia tor fun and frolic were inexhaustible and even up to the natory address, and tho other acts as interpreter and days of sick ness and disease he maintained an unsubdued induces the natives to di s pl ay a number of their native dash of his youthful characteristics. He was ever a safe 1 customs, Sae., &sc. We give the substance of the lee and familiar equal and a kind and generous superior. Like i turer'a remarks, from which our readers will be able to appears to o f h the e irea actual t o nature a na m e of . many others wh o were weary, of peace-service, and no ftoremK!fistrol.e That namecorrectrably estimate, promotion for thenwrltin cflicer, he entered the h Portuguese servic duringa• the'civil war. He served for tons race of people scattered over a good g part of the in some time sflsat as First Lieutenant of the fl ,g- ship under terier of South Africa between espe Celery and Alo- - Sir Charles Napier, and aster! a conspicuous part in the zunbique, hut divis!rd into srparate and independent Areemfanda, and the several sharp and dashing uff4irs ashore in whie4 the tribes. Toe three tribes to which the Kafirs at Cremorno IR that service, too, he blue jackets were ergag , d. f"iong ate the A . .raiekosa, the made many lasting friends, who remember and relate Z•iolus. There :s oho a little girl, the child of the with pleasure the exploits of the brace and gallant de- Zaelu man and ihe Arnamfenda Women, who wa s bap ceased. Subsequently in the navy h e obtained the rank used some months since in Worcester Cathedral, the of lieutenant. and worked hard in that grade for his sn- bishop of the diocese himself performing the ceremony peeler step; but, although he w as t h e son of an old, of baptism. Physically the Kafirs appear to be a distinguished, and respected officer, he failed to obtain remarkably tine race, fe wof their men being much his rank until 1847, when he syss promoted from first under six feet in height, and moat of them even rather lieutenant of the fl ate ship St. Vincent, 120, Si r Ch ance over than under that stature, w hil e their bodies aro Ogle having selected hire for that appoi n t ment solely on more distinguished by an unusual degree of symmetry account o f hi s goo d name and character in the navvy. and grace in their ternlation than they are even for As a commander he passed some time at the Royal i Nay. a. strength and vigour. In fact, the body of one of the College at Portsmouth, and in IS3I was appointed Adair- liafirs at Cremorne is the most pert, et model of the bu ' ratty tegent to one o f th e C a p e sore w-ships. It was during coon form that we ever saw. intellectually as well as his last voyag e in the Harbinger, which returned to Eng- physically the Kafirs would appear to be superior to the land in May last, that he became so ill that his death weep savage tribes generally, their brains being large in daily anticipated on the passage home. He reached volume and of active quality, while they exhibit a good Plymouth in a most exhausted state; notwithstanding deal of intelligence in a great number and variety of l which his sense of duty was such that he would not al- manufactures, both in skins, basket work, wood, bone, liovwerethdeb dispatches with which ho was charged to be de- ivory, and even metals. Socially, the Kafirs appear to y any one but himself into the hands of the post- be by no means in an enviable position, as their women master, have the whole of the work to do, while the men occupy Dr. Rao, the • , highly -respected Ins ector of Hospitals at their time in hunting and fighting. , Thepractice of poly- Pl • y mouth, kindly visited him on p the Harbinger , gamy also prevail - board s universally amongst s in which ship he proceededandthence t from the object of undergoing to London, . o . male, chief downwards, making it an Edinburgh, where, after a most painful ope• pride and ambition to have as many wives as possible, ration with the greatest fortitude, he expired last week the only limit to the number being the possession of a at the early age of 43 years. sufficient number of cattle to e h t them, mar xc ange or What might have been his fate had the same success riage, so far as the union between the sexes deserves that of juniors attended his exer • ttons . in the service we will name, being merely a matter of bargain, where, from five not pretend to say; but this one we know that a more effi- or six up to forty or fifty cows or oxen are given for a cient and gallant officer— who would do more honour wife according to her rank, beauty, and domestic accom and credit to the rank does • not exist in the senior list. plishments. The peculiar religious, or rather irreligious, He was attended in his last moments by hi s a ff ect i onate, nature of this people is perhaps the most interesting fea as brought his remains to tare in the Kafir character. Their vet n London for inter ment.—Herald. y ame is full ' of meaning, signifying in the original Arabi% from PRIZE -MONEY FOR THE JULIA. Co. have given notice to Captain JOAh.—Viroodhead and which it was obtained, " infidel,"unbeliever," and officers and crew of her Majesty ' s shipia Adams, and the certainly the Kafirs are the most unbelieving of all un are entitled to share in the proceeds arising Gladiator, who believers—being living contradictions to the rest of capture of the slaver Juliana, on the 2 a, t r t i lr j-tl. from the mankind, who manifest their religious feelings in one that the distribution thereof will be made une, 1850, form or another, even though it be the Fetish worship of of September next, at No. 1, James -street, Ad O e ll ln t h h? 71h the negroes of Guinealand, whilst the Kola have where the list will be recalled every Wednesday i, and neither temple, priest, nor idol, no ceremony, no creed, Friday for three months : — Flag, 461. 12s. tqcl,;c t and no sign, form, or word that can properly be called reli -87/. Bs. 101c1.; second class, 15/. 18s. 9d.; third, 121.13145i5n' to6us. Witchcraft may be called the religion of the fourth, 71. 135.; fifth, 4/. 9s. 3d.; sixth, 31. 16s. 6d . ; kind or and they resort to the agency of witches of one seventh, 21. 1 ls.; eighth, 11. ss. 6d.; ninth, 15s. 114 d.;. ante or another upon all occasions of interest or import eto them. In fact. with the exception of the chief of tenth, 9s 6 t d. the tribe and his cou ll PORTSMOUTH, FIHDAY.—The heavy rain that fell l as t an y thing like the in lose ors, none appear to possess evening had the effect of lulling the gale. The wind o th er witches of diffe fl r uence n of the witch doctors, and moderated during the night, and this morning the ships for mer K afir wars, as wellet a classes; and the records of s the present, show that the at Spithead that had been lying for the last two days councils and actions even of the principal chiefs are with their lower yards and topmasts struck, got them mainly influenced by the inctuatati • ons and cunning of the up this morning. principal witch of the tribe. We are sorry to say that an accident occurred during In their mode of living the Kafirs appear to beSimple that gale, attended with loss of life. One of the wherries enough, their clothing, when clad at all b • • a , env chiefly that ply between Point and Gosport, while crossing, was formed of' strips of the skins of such animals as capsized i n a h eavy squa ll of w i nd an d ra i n; the b oat hymns, j ac k a l , an d mountain cat, hung about fts of . the wolf, various contained a Wat erman an d six naming , rs. Providenti- parts of their bodies, with the addition otu ally, on e o f t h e men on board the yacht schooner Dolphin teathera, bones, rings, beads, and other ornaments that saw her go over; ho promptly gave the alarm to his they are fond of wearing in great profusion; moat of them shipmates, who were all below sheltering. Their boat, add a skin cloak or karosse, worn from the shoulders, then hanging in the tackles, was soon lowered and to the feet. The dress of the female is formed of two cow manned, and rescued six of the persons. For a short skins, one wrapped tightly round the body, beneath the time it was supposed all had been saved; but soon one armpits, the other as an external cloak, the outer one man was found to be missing, who proved to be a marine (from various additions seldom weighing less than thirty bandsman, named Bowe, who must have sunk before the pounds) being a kind of garment more cumbrous than Dolphin's boat got to the spot; be has, we understand, ornamental. The chief food of the Kafirs is a coarse left a widow and three young children to lament his loss. kind of grain, called " malie," which is taken, in various The greatest praise is due to the crew of the Dolphin, forms, with large quantities of thickand sourmilk. They eat by whose energy and prompt assistance so many persons also of such animals as they catch or kill by hunting, or were saved, several of whom were under water, and ac- as are given to them by the chief for the purpose, though tually sinking when got hold of by the Dolphin's men, they do not like to kill their own cows for food. They The Tiger steam-frigate, Captain Gifford, has re- id ) not, however, confine themselves to the flesh and ceived orders to take on board as many provisions as she fat, but seem to consider the inner parts, the entrails, &c,, can stow for foreign serv i ce , b u t as y e t h er d est i nat i on as the principal dainties. They will not take either fish is not known. oripork, the latter being by no means the only respect in The Niger screw steam-sloop, Commander Heath, has which they resemble the descendants of Abraham. Their been brought from her hulk this morning, and into the dwellings (when not in the bush) are formed of branches old basin, preparatory to her being brought into the of wood, which the women frequently have to go several Angle Dock. miles to cut, and then carry to the place where the hut The Edinburgh, 56, screw-gunnery ship, Captain is to be erected. The branches are joined together at Hewlett (acting), hauled out of dock to the basin to- the top, and bent towards the ground, when they are day. She is ordered to Plymouth, and will take up fastened in with little wooden pegs. The hut is seldom moorings at that port. She will come out of the basin more than eight or nine feet high and fourteen or sixteen to-morrow. across, being plastered over on the inside with a yellow- Teo Harpy iron steam-vessel, Lieutenant-Commander lab clay, and thatched on the outside with a broad- Williams, will be paid off on Monday at this port. Her leafed grass. psi-nous veyege is the theme of general comment and Ta o language of the Kafirs, like most of the South wonder. It is reported that prior to her starting from African dialects, contains a good many " clicks" and Rio en cfLial survey was held upon her, and it was "chicks," and other guttural sounds; but the practice afficially - reported'' she was untrustworthy fur so lung of adding vowels to the end of their words, gives some and dangerous a voyage. Notwithstuedirg this, she degree of euphony to their harsh intonations. It is a was emir. sotsievvbitt curious L:ct, that though the N a G ra are mail, ....„ .._ 4ally the grammar o f t h e i r ~..trillurs, shows it to ho more simple, p er f ect an d uni— ,an'tgGura:ku,,;te,ouf s au w 3 C :"U h i a n t r e i r i t ke nt iv )v r v it f i rl' Six or sev e n diff erent; I,irm, lean almost any language of ancient or modern times with which linguist,: have become acquainted. Of the amusements of this ieterestieg people, it is not necessary to say much, it being confined to rude songs and rude dances, that appear to differ a little according to the occasion, but t,) rune a part of every interesting ceremony; they are, however, well worth hearing and see i n g, being of the most novel and characteristic kind. We have purposely left till the last some remarks upon the warlike and ferocious character of the Kafirs, of whom it may be truly said at present, that " their hand is against every other man, and every other man's hand is against them." Bravery, accompanied by an almost total disregard of danger and of death, seems to characterise this people, and some of their tribes are able to briug from 30,000 to 40,000 warriors into the field. Many of them, ch i e fl y owing to the establishment of a Kafir police at the close of tho last war, the mem bers of which deterteu to sheir tribes when the present war broke out, carrying with them their arms, have become acquaiuted with tile nature and use of the British musket, but the pri nc i pal weapons of the Kafirs are long, light, well-formed speers, or, as they are called, " alga' gets," which some of them use to thrust at their enemies, but most throw with great skill and force , seldom fail ing to hit a moderately sized mark even at the distance ot 60 yards and upwards. Tho reeulute and determined character of i the Nufirs wars may be inferred from the repeated and protracted. colonists; mind between rune of their tribes and the co b Kufir war though w e are now engaged in the since 1 817, we are no nearer subjug a h fi e n coiona than we expellieg them from the borders ot h . otwe ve r, purpose in were 40 sears ago. We do "%able ground of colonial ei g gb , t t he Ktifirs or this article to enter upon the country brethren of theft and of iiijustice, or our dark skinned or these wars become cruelty. When the (rued causesto bare been faults upon both known there may be Muri a, Policy, or either to accuse otu c • leba the best course fur both par untryuicn at the Cape siees, and perhaps, "shakesteer s it, b an ds and make trientis," if impressiens produced tied would be 1 0 w e have merely sought to such could be rifee t Boni „ of the convey to our reader s by the exhibition upon their character and condition instructive 1 and strorgly urge our readers of Kafirs et Cremorne, and the delivered bY. 3 . 1 ', O these intereetieg strangers, whose di.lt to pay a ,at present causing us so much cost and countrymena:urthern Africa, trouble i e ~te 6 } I. e ig, THE TWELFTH OF AUGUST. f the shooting and pt.( partition or season. Every bustle .biverness has this . year presented more than its usual d q d ta ur t: o f s porting All s the li . st week might be seen full complements appointments hurrying off to the mountains. s ill i g ents agree that grouse are more plentiful than they have been for the lass five y ears; the covics gene rally contain from eight to ten birds, and we have heard of fourteen being seen in a single brood. Even in the first day's bugs, cheepers will be a rarity, and the young birds have mostly all black tails, the certain sign of full growth. Red deer are very krward this year, owing to the early abundance of pasture in the forests. We have already seen some very fine heads sent for preser vation, with the horns almost clear of velvet. At Ben- More (Satherlandshire) on Saturcay, the 7th, Mr. Ross,, of Cromarty, killed two good stags—in two stalks, using a single rifle. The second stab had a very hand so m e w ide head—eleven points, with three cn the top of each beam, and weighed upwards of nineteen stones when clean. A royal stag was shot by Captain Baring, Stratbgarve; sad two large stags were shot right and left by Mr. Mills, Erchless Castle. Sir Arthur Chichester bo l t also shot a stag and hind. The Master of Lovat, stags, right and left. Two were shot by Ca p t ain st of Bal- Boyd, and ono by Mr. Whitehead, in "le st shot a fine usgown. Robert Reid, Esq., stalkehde veteran acoWupalter stalker stag in Sutherland ; and Colonel Towers, at Fasutskyle.— nntlered monarch, shot a large stag Trimmers Courier. whose riwfle(ebh7;lkhnaotctked over many an Doctor in the che mistry UNIVERSITY or EDlNBURGlL—Thutius.aulomt sumo p,ned with prayer by the Rev. ~ im was closed on Saturday by the capping, a s i t - .r Fes. the gentlemen who had obtained the degree n' cal "! of Medicine. The ceremony took place, as class-room, in presence of Baillie Fi , in members of the town council, who attended Y and several in their robes. The proceedings were o Prin cipal Lee, after which the plocnsio wa s a d S 1 me officiated us , administered by pro_ iesor Kelland , s ecretary to the Sell, ‘ w a b u e d r. a dd i r e c l (e t i h u e (iet g i r ,, .dll3.teS who are this year dean of the Me di c al Faculty-. Professor bs, and Dr. Balfour, ti p r rt o; , n i o n t e n r u , y presenting the meda l s g i ve n for the best theses, and the b S A LISBURY MoNTRL Y supply were closed by the principal pronouncing the b ediction.— Scottish Press. and Somer- Twhase voaeurayagit,y,odp.iteshkedimwsas EESE FAIR, AVG. 12. about 270 tons. The attendance t were plentiful. The same may be a made hire, 4 f r o o s m . t 0 18 4 : 7 .. said of the best Sonaers set, 565. to 66 The sale was excellent. Skims Half Cowards were, a middling 225. ; half Cowards, 355. to 405.; Wilt to ' new Somerset, 465. to 555. • best s' per cwt. It is the general opinion that this w fa a ir s the best fair that has . yet taken place here;: calculation 2 40 tons were ..gold when oar report left. from A 1 ~sil. :Isetiba;ij lobe° ilea 4 CaF ° 1 9d P er : 164' sso l n i 4 80- 3 let 1 for— rot° ll' Of °I z 5. O il ! bec k, fora , 10 A V. I 0 , 7. wing t. itiO/ af ire' edaitl t the , the il re' ot, ;Or , ion ,ee D ,aa'