The Sun. — London, England, 1812-07-31 00:00:00

acknowledged and Undeniable maritime rights, a! that she meant to give up the Berlin and Milan becrees. Whatever restitutions were made as mere acts of State, and not from the judgments of tribunals, could not he received as any authority to prove how the law stood iu France. It. might be said by some, thatneutrals- had no right to pre scribe the mode of restitution, provided.the resti tution was in fact made. lie, on the conteary, asserted; that they had to expect that in France, as well as every civilized country, there should be regular tribunals where they might claim redress et. debito justitice, and not as a matter of Court favour, Caprice, or State policy. It ap peared that the French Ruler left the question of restitution of American vessels to be deter mined by his spec al pleasure. Now this. conn try, did demand, and had a right to demand, that there should be a clear and definite rule of law, acting in a clear and definite manner ; and that' matters of this sort should not be left in a state 'of uncertainty or perpetual fluctuation. It, there fore, appeared to him, that there was no evidence that any legal revocation of those decrees had taken place ; and that the instrument relied upon by the claimants - as their title-deed, had no marks Of authenticity about it, but was evidently fabri rated for a particular purpose. There were many considerations connecter' with these transactions on which he did no.: feel himself now called upon to give an opinion. Ile should not, therefore, say how far a nation calling itself neutral was justified by the law of nations in separating itself from the general society of neutral nations - , and accepting as a boon for itself an exemption fromn principle which went to the direct subversion of all neutral rights; nor would he say to what extent this selfish favour would justify them, for not resisting such viida= Cons of the law of nations. He should deter nlinc ,on the case before him and on all those that depended on the same principle, that the instru ment purporting to be a French decree, dated in April,"1811, did not take those.ba.ses out of the general o_peration of the law, as described in the Or ders in Council ; and that, therefore, those vessels Captured under them before the 20th of' May last, could not lie discharged-from their opefation. It was.only to the vessels captured after the 20th of ,May, that the revocation of the Orders in Coun cil applied. He• felt peculiar satisfaction irrth ink big, the if his opinion on this.important question should be erroneous, there was another Tribunal (the Court of ,Appeals) in which it mightbe re considered. FOR T HE SUN. VAC GIN :vrio:k7.- `Mr. EDITOR, I .do not think that I am in any way bOimd to answer a..Cortespondent who does not sign his name; hut as the pUblic Papers ure advertising .. the present_prevalence of Small-prix;l .. haVe'made. inquiry, in Westminster, where there - is- always more or : less. bf,it, and do not hear that it-ahoUnds at present, or that it is `fatal. The common peo ple haVe lost their confidence in the . Faculty, be cause they have been so deceived by having their children Cow-poxed, when they asked for Vario lous Inoculation ; and the Jennerian evil, and .eruptions; have been so frequently the consequence, of, this deception, that they rather trust to Pro vidence than apply to Medical persons ; therefore it is to be suspected that very much mischief will happen among the lower classes from epidemic Small-pox, whenever it visits populous places ; this I have foretold, and it will be a longtime be fore the confidence of the people will be securely' reposed again on the judgment 'and integrity of the Faculty of Physic. If Parliament ceases to contribute any longer to the continuance of the experiment, you will hear no more of Vxcinat,ion, but if it chuscs to make a serious inquiry into facts, and will allow me to call witnesses, and examine them upon oath, I am ready to bring forward such masses of failure, as will convince them how grossly its li berality has been imposed Upon. I was pestered for twelve months with prevari cations, betoie Dr. JENNgR or his associates would confess the Inoculation of MasterJENNEn. Nothing ever has been brought forward by,the Cow-poxers,. and the College of Physi-zians must take - great blame to themselves, if they are at last obliged to own, they have been all this time in error..- To 'have given a determined optnion on just grounds to a Committee of the House of Commons, and never to-have had occasion to vary from that opinion, is, lam rendy to confess to my feelings . ,, a proud pre-elninence ; anti I re- Feat, that 1 am Willing to 'risk my judgment, and my in:egrity, on the success - or downfall of Cow pox. All accounts from thc : COntinent are careftillv suppressed„otherwis.e the. Cow-0x Ambassador who was sent to .London, and Ilal - a!idience of certain persons; would . have been mentioned. But .while BtroNApAnTE may be * trembling for what is to happen to the king of the Romans, let Britons rejoice that the . ‘visdorn of their Prince . Itas not • ic";- - joleci hy"Cor , ,y-poxers, but saura,the constitu tion of CLe_nat:on's hope; by.Variolous Inocula - - tion. • I aril,Mr. Edir.or, with 'many thanks., fir: the candour yolv.shew on this exhausted subject. ' Your huniSle servant,' jOlfti BIRCH STEPTIEN. BURKE, Of the county of Galway, Esq. M. D. has obtained' .his Diploma, after the usual examination,and has been admitted a Mem of the Royal College of Surgeons, London.-- FRANCIS LEIGH, Esq. of Portadown, Ireland, has also been admitted- a Member of the 'above College. The following .jS'_.f). correct statement, we be- I.ieVe, of the force-in Nova'Scotia and Cana.da DetathmOnts.of the 2d battalion of the Bth, of the 93th, afill:P.9.th regiments, and the I,Vlth, with alencible ed - rps, arc at present stationed in Nova i st bait. of the Bth, the 41st, 49th, and 100th Regiments, the'lOth Veteran Battalion, with the "Newfoundland Feticibles; constitute the present' force 'in Canada ;—a battalion of the Royal Scots, and the 103 d Regiment, are on their rissage.. L.S. We lately gave an Extract fr:.on Mr. Sr.w.PLE's • Account of the ?)resent State of this Coutntry, and as it seems likely to rise into considerable distinc tion, we reauiue the subject. Mr.:SEMPLE seen s. to- be an attentive and unpreiudiced Observer, and as he is an experienced traveller, be is not likely to take-things upon trust, but to found his dis- • cussions upon due inquiry and information. Puerto Cabello stands upon a small neck of land, which haS ban cut-through, and thus formed. into an artificial is - land. A bridge crosses this - cut, and affords entrance to the origimaleity, which is small, but tolerably well built and for',i tied. Ahe harbour is formed by a low island to th'e - north-west, and banks covered with mangpove trees, Which shelter it on every side. It is deep and capacious. An excellent wharf, faced with stone, allows of vessels of a large burthen being laid close alongside of.it ; and as they can be easily and securely fastened to the shore, anchors arc here seldom necessary. This harbour and La Guayra form a striking contrast. Here vessels lie, as in a, small smooth lake, while the waves brea)i, high upon the outside of'the island and,atong the shire.. In return for this, the worm makes great ravages-in the bottoms of such ships as are .not .coppered. In no part of the,world is it more de structive ; and a small vessel, left unattended, in a very few months would founder at her nioorigs from this cause alone. To the south-east of the town the fiats are annually tioptieti by the rains and the exhalations from them are very probably the cause of the destructive fevers - which so fre quently' rage here in the - s-snintner and autumn months. Few strangers,can:then visit this port with impunity, or at least without great danger; and there have been instances of vessels losing the greater part of their crews in a very short time.* The suburbs now exceed the town in po ,pulatiOn-and'extent, but still retain their low and - .mean appearance, and are subject to the original -stipulations in case of danger. A great propor tion of the houses have no upper story ; and the population beirig almost I entirely- coloured, a stranger is more apt to consider the whole as a' large Indian village than as partof Fauropean settlement."— Thus,!' says Mr. Semple, " have we tra versed a small but interesting portion of the Con tinent of Ainerrea. Every where we have found a fertile soil, and, except in particular spots upon the coast, a pure and healthy hit... Even the un-' wholesomeness ofthese situations is compensated by their exuberant fertility, and by the gradual adaption of the inhabitants to the atmosphere in which they live. With little labour, man here earns an easy subsistence."— " Four leagues to the eastward of Caracas, on . a gentle eminence, from which springs gush forth, stands a pleasant village, originally inhabited en tirely by Indians. To the westward, on the other hand, -on the opposite side ,of the Gukryra, in a small recess of . the mountains, - a white church tower, surrounded by huts, .ants out an esta blishment,formed by tne - Misaionaries. All through out the valley are-plantations of sugar, coffee, and maize. The Use of the plough, is unknown. All work is done with the spade and the hoe, and chiefly by slaves. The lighter work is performed by Indians, and free labourers, which last class is increasing rapidly. Maize and plantains form the basis of their food, to which are added beef and garlick. The maize is generally eaten in the-form of cakes, being first soaked, deprived of the husk, and then grouud, or rather rubbed into a moist paste, by means of a roller, and a smooth curbed slab of stone. This operation falls to the lot of the women. Eeef seldom exceeds two-pence Sterling per pound ; but poultry _scarce and • dear ; a Spanish dollar being . frequently the price of a common fowl. Mutton is unknown. Athough this country bas been colonized for nearly three centuries, the 'sheep Las not yet been introduced upon these mountains, where it'cor u ni not fail. to muhiply rapidly. The flesh of goats is used in stead; which, ffi althoueltsucient)ypalatable when , young, can never be compared for fiavoar e cy, and nutriment, with that of the sheep. The mode of cooking is entirely Spaifish, and gar lick being necessary ingredients in most dishes, and both being imparted, in large quantities, for that purpove. At the elose of all entertainments, great quantities of sweetmeats are used, of which the Creoles are exceedingly fond. In lieu of sweet meats, the common people use coarse sugar, in, the form of loaves, called papelon. It is also customary at feasts, even at the best tables, for the guests to pocket fruits and other articles, as I have witnessed to my great siuprize. Although, generally, a sober race, on these occasions they, drink liberally of strung liquors, in bumpers, to each other, or to favourite political toasts ; a. cus tom which they appear to have borrowed from the lihiglish. This they do standing up ; or walking ' about, recurring to the table, at intervals. Mean , time., the ladies sit mingled with them, or in a contiguous apartment, the :moors of which are open.'' — Almost the whole commerce of the country is carried on by European Spaniards, and by Isle ' nos, or Islanders, from' the Canaries. They buy and sell, are the merchants and the shopkeepers, in all the towns. A spirit of union, and fre quently, an impenetrable provincial dialect, binds them together, and gives them great advantages in all their transactions. The European, ~who ex pects to see a number of purchasers • in competi tion, is frequently surprised to find only one or two, until the bargain being completed, the whole who . were interested in it, appear. The manners of the towns, •and in the interior, differ greatly, or rather they belong to different periods in the progress of society. After passing the great-chain of mountains which borders allethis coast, from . the Gulph of Venezuela,to that of Paria, we come to immense plains, devoid of trees, known by the general name of Las 'Llanos, or the Plains. These plains afford pasurage to innumerable cattle, the propiietors of which reside in the great towns, leaving them to the. care of slaves, or people of colour. Hence a iropuiation is rapidly forming- of a character wholly different from that of the im mediate descendants ofeEuropeans, or time natives - of the coast. A bold and lawless race, accustomed „ . tc be:Alwiy3 an horseback, 4-.31 living n e arly in 4 state of nature, wanders over these plains. Among them arc many professed robbers, who render tra velling E 1 .., uger4us , and already beginning to form 'into -quail bands. -They live almost entirely on the flesh of cattle, without regarding to whom they belong ; killing an animal at every meal, and after satisfying their hun g er, leaving the remain - . der of the carcase to the birds of prey - and the wild animals of the desert. In the villages and small towns, thinly scattered _over these plains, great dissoluteness of morals prevp.ils. The mixture of races a source of endlc4s corruption ;to which are joined • a climate inducing indolence and vo r luptuousne , ..l, and the total absence of all refined methods a passing time iv.vay. The highest de• - : light, both to. wernen and men is to swing about in their haurnoclls and smoke cigars. GaMbling to exc=ess, and torinentifig of bulls; are their prile • cipal amusements. Religion has no 13eue1iej'i l effect upon their mor.ds ; it they . comniit they confess them and are forgiven. To all is joined au apathy which is astonishing. Live - t li4ss forms no part of 4:1;•ir character ; the contrary, trey generally speak .in a mild and drawling :one, which gin-es the highest idea of int , ditruceticc,, and almost . of 'a disinclination to. the I trouble of opening their nuiuths.” SURREY' ASSIZES. GUILDyOIO, AVLDNESDA7', JULY 217. - CROWN SIDE. James Biodie and Robert Brodie were indicted for steqiing a vautity of. plate the - property of of Robert Hudson., Loci. at Banstead, iii 01 . 0 county. It appeared 'in evidence; that a writ of exec tion had gone down against the goods of :- 11. • Hudson, and his effects were put up to sole Sheriff's broker. The two prisoners atz, sale, and shortly after they were gone some was found to be missing ; they were susp._ an some persons sent in pursuit of them on London road, and they were' overtaken beyo-a Sutton. They were in a chaise cart. BeiOg stopped awl fincstioned, the_ elder Brodie call fessed they 111 • the plate, and produced- it from the bottom of: the cart, which had a fals e bottom. On further search, a variety of houses' breaking implements were found in the cart, Oa they were both immediately apprehended. 'rile Jury found them both Guilty. The CHIEF BARON finished the trial of the pri soners very early this morning, and passed sen tence of Death du the above prisoners ; and Dar" who was convicted yesterday of uttering forged notes, whom h warned to prepare for exe Ctliio o :, On the Civil Side two' causes of right occup ied nearly the whole day, both of which' were eg" tremely dull and uninteresting. BOWST-ILET.—. l llichael In; zrfelcl, the ser vant of Mr. Rawlinsbn, a fishmonger, in Kiog. - street, Portman=square, was brought to th ;s Office, charged with remaining at the docw* way of Mr . . George Blaquire, of York-streerj Portman-square, for, about two hours, Tuesday evening, knocking violently at the street door, making a. great noise and- disturb' ance, causing a' number of persons to ;its , st'L lr ble round the kouse, and other improper conduc t. It also appeared that the Defendant and 1 3 ' 4 master had for some time pursued similar conduc t Mr. .Rawlinson sometimes taking a chair to Blaquires door-way, smoaking a pipe, &c. 64 ' Tuesday evening appeared to be a time fixed particularly to annoy Mr..,Blaquire, on account -his having a party to dinner, when Mr. Blaquiq went out to the defendant, and repeatedly dcsi tet . to go away, but he refused.. Mr. B. in (;O ; r1 ; e.; ,seqUence horse-whipped him ; this• had not t"0 desired effect ; he persisted in remaining,ther the great annoyance of Mr.. Blaquire, his pa 67 • and llawlinson attended, and justifid ti O t ? :and his servant's conduct, as he acted by rection, as he could not get his bill paid vil.‘,r. was owing him by Mr. Blaquir'e for fish. -L;- NAnF,s, the ALigi:Arate, obServed, that Mr. quire not . paying his bill, did not justify their co 3" _duct, and ordered' the defendant to find bath , • BIRTHS: ' On Friday inornir.7; at Cove, the Lady of Captain tiPto a! of His Majesty's frig - ate Sybille;of a Daughter. On Wednesday morning, the Lady of (,:olonel DaP2:Ol, •A i s . ; sistant Adjutint-Gene-ral to the Home Department, at 4: hcusejn tipper Berkeley-street, of a DiVa 4 iittl'. t ir- The same evening, in Wirnpole-street,bthe Lady‘of SP the goon Fairer, Esq. of a Sod, which died in the course of night. . _ , the Yesterday morning, in NOV Norfolit-street, Park-lin e, Lady of A: W. Rohtuts, Esq: of a Daughter. - - _.../' MA h . - la- On Monday last, at Streath ß am ßlEb , Mr. John Roberts Pe;„t fosse, of Fenchnrch=itreet, to Anna Mai id, eldest &laugh- of the late Rev. William Shield, of Collyweston, Nortat:ir . . . tombire. Car . , Lately, at •Belem, in Portugal, James Watson, F ! 5 (.1;.... , o f tain of the i.st.Bstttalion, 43d Regiment, to ?th "is .P. iel Newbury, Berks. .. • .1 DIED. Jam On board the ship John, on his passage to'Jamaic a, .8- - Hance, Esq. of that Island. - 131 j At Orange,Valley Estatehn Blagrove, Esq. of th at Islau, St. John's, Jamaica , P eter ► grove, Es.i. third sou- of Jo and of Ankerwyke-ouse, Bacs. At Badajoz, on the H 18th : ult. k in consequence of ids received at its storming, Lieutenant John Fitzwilliant "` of the , tsth line , On Fiiday last, _in the Mith year of his age, in a dec - je r aftor a lingering illness, Thoirias,Johnton, 1.3 001 '' o f and Stationer of Hull, eldest son of Mr, Jalnes Johnston•qy Lincoln, and ' brother-to Mr. Johnston, 134.wkseller, 'of C lje ' side. On Saturday afternoon, the in.fant d ag hter Of the latell-. t John Harri on, Newgate-street, aged lire months. On the. , .!(.;th inst. aged 78, the Rev. Benjamin A11,14'1-.0., Vicar of Penu, Bucks, and formerly' of l'tlagdalen-1-1411) ford. " On Monday morning last, at -11.z , r liottS;. ;.. in Grea t J. 13 1„ c t 5- 11 . street, Bedford-row, Mrs. Jane Thirkill: in the seventy- aooliJ _ Year of her age, relict of John Thirkill, Esq.•late of tvis . in Yorkshire.; r 01 On Wednesday morning, at Islington, ia the 82d YO, her.Alrs. Elizabeth Hay.. • On the (21,1 it ; inst. at Bromvton, 'Mrs. Williams,• Captain W..l,Villiains, of hi, Majesty's .BCt h Regiment 0 ;v. On the WI inst.' at Paris, in the 91st year of bis oget, Pierre Petro I'erdrian, for;nrlv Consul-G enera l of Fr•"'" , tlit,-Ports of the Lerant. ' • • On the 9th of Xi:tie, at Paris,. Mr. Parcher, aged 71,* ' Si ! . .• Murniiig, , 20 luintites aftafterHlGH WATEd AT LONDON MUDGE S. i 'Evening, 45-miautesT,....-^tte- tett rat SUN. Mk. trnToß, The oxis probandi has been placed on ,the shoulders of Anti-vaceinist from the period -f the celebrated advertisement, anno 1800, and tC'7 have persevered in .perpetuai . proofs ever sinte. As their procifs multplied, the Rules and Orders for more secure Vaccination were amended ; at length a Board was established to supply Prac titioners with- genuine lynAph,..and Dr. .1 E'SI , :TER was to have the direction of that'lloard, - on' ac count' of his experience . , his public merits, and . hi,s public rewards. , The Discoverer deserts this Board, and -an Apothecary is appointed, with-a . salary, to.direct the Colleges in the .Scienee of . Cow T poxing ; a new set of Rules is printed, and approved by the Presidents of the Colleges ; these I wesume are the Rules alluded to by your Correspondent:wild says, " Success Cannot be expected, unless Vac-, cination is conducted according to the most ap proved Rules." Alas ! Mr. Editor, in what a helpless, perilous state does this Edict leave the hundred thousand children who have been -Cow-poxed before Sir LUCAS a-d his Director issued forth, this never failing patent mode of Vaccinating. The Ladies and the Clergy who were enlisted as a Militia to. aid the Army of Cowvoxers, have now a fair excuse for all the failures which have already, or which may in' fature occur ; nay, the Discoverer himself covers his own - blots and retires. The question at is,sue is, whether , the experi ment of Cow-posing children should be continued seven years,longer, at the " national expe llee, or whether these celebrated Practitioners, who 12 years, past assured us, " that those persons Who have had the Cow -pox are perfectly secure from the infection of Small-pox," will come forward and protest the same thing vgain stick to this point, Sir, and it is a simple. question for the Establishment to ask of Dr. BALLI.Ii:, Dr. VAUGHAN, Dr. LISTER, Mr. CLINE, ../111d Mr. J'A'gES 31.90 RE, When your COrYeSpinldent CONS 117 ACE has published their answer, I dare believe there will be no occasion for me to bring forward What I have in reserve, to prove that the Anti-vaccinists, insignificant as they are represented to Se, are entitled to some respect - from the community, for hating maintained Truth in opposition to Sophis try abd Etithtisiasm. I am, Sir, &c. TIONESTITS. TO TilE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sill, I think that Mr.Whithread, if his prejudices and habits of opposition will allow him fairly tia.consi der the answer he made to Mr. Sheridan's speech on the 2 1st, must be sensible that the reasoning part (if not indeed the whole) of it was extremely weak, and I may say such only as the necessity of en immediate reply. (by which we may often dis cover the strength or weakness of an opinion) could excuse or account for. I allulie particularly to the part where he draws a parallel between the mutual, inclination which he supposes to exist, of France and England to ruin each other • a suppo sition, I think, when applied to England, unsup ported by reason or common sense. It is from the situations and interests (supposing them to be acted upon by the rules of common sense) as well as from the past condtict of individuals or bodies of men, that we arc to judge of their inclinations, or at least of the actions they produce, and the _consequences that may be expected from them, &c. and none olthese, when fairly considered, can I think justify the supposition that it is, or ever will be, the object of England to • effect the ruin of France, or to do, more than keep her in that state of equality, or at most, of political and com mercial inferiority (especially as far as regards the navigation of the seas) which is necessary toTnain tain the prosperity and independence of England. For-this, she leas at variows times. professe.d, - and with more or less success - . endeavoured to preserve what is called the balance of power in Europe : a system, however Cavilled at, she considered es reasonable, and, as far as human affairs will admit, practicable ; .and even now, shaken as it has been, - not to he looked on as irrecoverable. On the con trary, both from the former and recent history of -- France (as well in the reign' of Louis XIV. as at the present and other ,periods), and from her na, tioaal character, her continental situation, &c. very different result may be expected, and have su - iiciently been manifested. From this (evident • as I think it is) and other considerations, we venture to assert, that if Mr. WurrßnEAn is determined to perseverein his opinions -(from that regard to consistency which seems often to make men think it incumbent upon them, when they li tve got into a wroru track, to persist in it) he .rn ist all least endeavour to support them, if the ca e• Will admit of it, by argument more suit— ab e to the character be must probably wish tb ,maintain, of a politician, philosopher, and, what is equally required in these and all other cases, a wan of sound judgment and imperverted common seas; But-without these qualities, and opinion:-, and conduct, resulting from-them, I-believe that in this country,. (prevalent as is the balanee of good sense in it) even the art of to " make. tfhe. worse -appear the better reason", would not avail^ him. I am, Sir, Yours, &c. RURICOLA. July 29, ISI2. MAIILBOROUGHSTREET.7---A. gnestion of great importance to the public. at large, was decided yesterday at. thislOftice Gibson, a hackney coachman, was. fined ten •shillings a few days since, for exacting - three shillings from a Gentle man:in Dorset-street, Tjanchester•square, for .fare of•onc shilling. The defence at the time was, that'•there were six persons in the coach, and a shilling per,head over four was charged ; two, however, 'were children. The . Commissioners have deCided against the conviction, on the ground that no person can be conceived any thing less than an adult, who. can sit alone. By this decision; the' conviction is cancelled. LONDON Printed by THOMAS' WOOD, of No, 35, Maiden-lane, ;o - vent-gardeni,; and PiiblOied• . by WILLIAM ARMIGER SCRIPPS, South Holton-street, Grosvenor-s m ale, At the Sur iOF tor, No. 112, Strand, where Advertisements, - Ordei s for the . Paper, Leiters for the ,Editor, &e. (post pail), must be addressed. -