The Sun. — London, England, 1846-11-19 00:00:00

;‘„ THE STEAM NAVY OF ENGLAND. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir,—The distinguished position given to my first letter upon the above important " arm of our strength' in your journal of the 10th ult. emboldens me to return to the subfeet, in the endeavour to prove by a few further remarks how foolishly the Government have been squan dering money upon 'steam-frigate building, and what useless encumbrances the most expensive war steamers yet in the navy are at this moment. In my former remarks upon the " Retribution," I observed, with regard to the gross miscalculations of her capabilities to fulfil efficiently any of the purposes for which she was constructed, that " either the constuctor should have known his vessel would be ruined and use less if such tremendous ;sower (800 -horse to 1,600 tons) were given to her, or the engineer should have known that his engines were by far too powerful for the vessel, and protested against the waste of his `strength ofmaterials' by having them placed in a vessel whose capabilities were net sufficient for their support." Since these remarks ap 'peered, I have been informed that the engineer did pro test against the injury which would certainly accrue to his name and work if the Government persisted in their order of having so much horse-power given to so little tonnage. That the protest was not attended to is too obvious to need a declaration of the fact ; and the result is, that a steamer which cost the country upwards of 91,000/. in construction merely, is now lying in Ports mouth harbour a useless log upon the water. Here, then, is atonce one, and the chief, cause of the failure of our system of steam-ship building for war purposes. The aovernment order a vessel to be built without consulting she engineer upon the subj e ct ; they finish the bull, which -is all perfecden (to them) ; and then in the very limited space which they leave for their reception, they order the engineer :o place his engines. He remonstrates, says his engines cf the required power will not go into, much less work we ll in, the space left open for their reception. The reply is peremptory, " you must make them go ifi; or we will apply to another engineer who will ;" and this is the cause why nearly all the steamers which have latterly been constructed have turned out miserable and expensive failures. That this short-sighted and discre ditable system does not prevail elsewhere than in the Government contracts is proved by the fact of merchant -steamers being so vastly superior fur all purposes to those of Government. Why is this ? Because in the merchant service the engineer and the shipwright have something in common ; there they calculate the means allowed ahem before they begin their work; the engineer, in short, works with the shipwright; and the result is the ;production of some of the most beautiful and perfect model models of steam-ship building ever launched. I'S this beneficial communion between the scientific bodies were pursed in the Government establishments, we never shotird see such disgraceful exhibitions as the Re tribution and Avenger, " laying np" from sheer inability to perform any of the duties for which a steam-frigate is essentially intended. The Sphynes steam-sloop of 1,056 tons and .500 horse power, is another instance of the monstrous overpower ing of our steam-vessels, and will, doubtless, prove a similar failure to the Retribution, from the same cause. Nor is the Terrible, of 1,847 tons and 800 horse-power, built by Lang, any more valuable as a war-steamer than any of the so-called " intuitives." It is true she has a greater proportion of tonnage in comparison with her horse-power than her defeated rival, and is, therefore, upon the face of the performances hitherto recorded, the greater failure of the two. The cost of building this huge steamer is officially stated at the enormous sum of 101,351/. !—actually more in amount than the cost of building a two-decker of 90 guns ! And which would be the more profitable and serviceable ship to the country of the two ? lam inclined to think the latter in every point. Much has been said about the Terrible's fighting armament, high encomiums having been written upon her for carrying 16 guns, and being particularly smart in saluting ; but of what use would her 16 guns be against any 16-gun sloop in the service, of one-fourth her tonnage ? Why, the latter would capture her or sink her. There never was a more monstrously absurd idea fostered than that broadside guns can ever be of the slightest effective use in steamers. No steamer in the world, upon the principle of those under notice, can ever fight at broadside. Where, then, can be the utility of the much-vaunted main-deck armament of the Terrible ? This vessel, ,which cost in construction and fitting for sea more money than a second-rate line-of-battle ship, and whose tonnage is more than that of any 74 engaged at the Nile ar Tra.falgar, or of any ship of that class at present in the service, is called a " fine sailer," a " good sea-boat," " stears easy," and stands up stiff under canvass. Taking all these hackneyed encomiums for granted, ought she not to do all these things well, considering the very " stiff" price she has cost the country ? With her tubular boilers her captain sass he can work up to 1,100-horse power ! If so, what sea can withstand her progress, and how will her hull appear after twelve months' clmenission? But it is not my intention to occupy your invaluable space by commenting upon the failure el' our steamers, to much as to point out the cause of that failure, and thereby suggest an easily practicable remedy for the evil. No effrnent steam-vessel will ever be turned ont of the Government docky - ards until there is a more solid combination of the scientific elements used in their con- • struction 'titan nt present exists—a more stable co-opera tiontetweentha shipwright and the engineer. To this er.d, then, should the fiiitu're orders of the Government respecting the brkilding ok War steamers be directed ; and when •hat •:.,r,at desideratum is obtained, there will be no, rapetiti ;, ns of the bl.)nders which have been so cema - ;picunus in the build awl armatnentof all the steamer-, or nearly all hitherto placisd upon the Bi itish navy list. To what end steamers can be best applied as " war steamers," and what duty alone they carievcr be calcu lated upon to:per;Orna %lith credit and certainty, I must resMA for Ole stihj(-,ct of another letter, having tres pay.ied so much upon your space by this. Nov. 14. NAUTICUS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir.—There is one point in the letter of " Nautieus," publist:ed in the Times of .this day, which, coming from so esteemed an authority. will tend in my opinion to mislead. I allude to his complaint of the excessive .power of cur war.. steamers. Sir, the error has been all the other way ; an 1 I wish to show that. by proper apPEcation of it great power is most advantageous and Let nt; take the tiarchant stPamers, which '`Nauticus" ailrnire3. The Liverpool to Glasgow, the Cork and I l ondon, the AhiTth.en, have the same proportion as the -11;ttrihution, are worked' at higher pressures and in con stant service ; blew high hiow low, they make their passage and do not break down. The Ajax has one horse power to two tons. Er r (owners are building the Minerva, of 700 tons and 415- borse powe- being an increase upon the above. The Ajax will Ake her passage in 25 hours to Plymouth with a I , .;!avy cargo ; no Government vessel would be near her. The City of London will reach Aberdeen in 40 horse. The Princess 11.0y41. will in 14 hours land her passengersat Glasgow from Liverpool. Surely, if this speed is at tainable in !ea-going cargo-carrying vessels, and main tained with regularity, there is virtue in large cylindern and plenty of steam. Compare with these the Driver, Cyclops, Gorgon, &c., of large tonnage, less room, and smaller power. Why, after a succession of failures, Sir W. Symonds or his draughtsman is permitted to build another vessel; I leave otters to say: in a merchant's yard he would have launched one, and no more. Without being more harsh than truth demands, it is not too much to say that his opportunities for learning by practice have been immense, and that he -seems to be a slow scholar. Be sides, the nation should not be charged so high for his education. " Nauticus" alludes to the Retribution as a complete failure. I know, Sir, that her captain, on trying to steam her head to wind in bad weather, bore up fur fear of foundering. Now, reduce the effective power, as it is reduced in a heavy sea, and this surely is enough. I think Nauticus" hard on the Terrible, for from what her performances have been it is early yet to judge of her merits. The Sphinx I saw on her trial in the river; her im mersion was absurd. I understand her floats have been since reefed; but on looking at our merchantS' steamers I do not find such doctoring necessary. All merchantable engines now work up to 90 per cent. above nominal power, the lighter boats far more; yet they work and last and do their duty, though pushed as no Government boats ar , . The truth is, all the surveyor's snips have a tendency to sink ; no execs calculation appears possible of filo load water lino with him. As to the stowage, &e., I btlii-ve it is equally bad, but it is foreign to my question. . _ _ - I go heartily with .*Nauticus" in his recommendation that, in or out of the Government yards, builders and engineers should work together. Times are changed. The India ships of Greet, a7 , (1 others are as line vessels and ssil better than men of-war; our merchant steam navy is the finest exh.ting. Let Mr. Ditchhurn, Mr. 0. Lang, Mr. Napier, of Glasgow, Mr. Laird, of Liverpool, and others build as they design, with their own chosen engineers, steamers of war, to be taken if successful, to be left on their bands if Mures; and I am sorry tbr you, Sir William, but you miust do better, much better, or they will beat you oat of the field. A CI VILIAN. MANSLAUGHTER FRO3I RECKLESS DRIVING.—Last night an inquest, adjourned from Thursday last, was resumed before W. Payne, Esq., at Guy's Hospital, on the body of Thomas Roberts, who was killed through the reckless driving of a man named Thomas Henry Lank ford. It appeared that on Monday, the 9th instant, the deceased was standing in the roadway near the railway terminus, Greenwich, between eleven and twelve o'clock at night, when a cart belonging to Mr. Thomas Henry Lankford, an egg-merchant in the Borough, passed along at a' rapid raw, knocking the deceased, and another peison w} was with him, down. An effort was made to stop the tart, but the driver was enabled to get off. A day or two after the cart was seen in the neighbourhood of Deptford and identified as the one which caused the accident, and Mr. Lankford also identified as having been at Greenwich and Woolwich on the same day with the vehicle. The deceased, who at the time was the w ai o e r c iia for li quor , was b roug h t to t h e h osp i ta l , w h ere h e he next day from f rac t u r e o f t h e s k u ll, The j u ry returned t a verdict of •`Manslaughter against Thomas II lir) _Lankford," who was committed to Newgate for trial. We are requested to state from authority, that unagr an order of her Ms' - superseded and that the of Wolverhampton hate bjeentYs i n Council, the peculiar whole jurisetietion f pas merged in , the ?Ai. In future, probates of wi?l's and letters of whniuisrs marriage licenses, will be granted by th o i r„Y,'' " (1 also of Lichfield, instead of the peculiar . op'4 Court as heretofore.— Wolverhampton Chronicle. GRAY'S INN, Nov. 18.—T. Augustine Sargood, Esq., and Robert Rouiere Pearce, Esq., were this day called to the degree of barrister-at-law by the non. (Society of Gray's Inn. THE SUN, LONDON, THUIVIII . AY EVENING, NOVEMBER 19, $lB-4e.-o‘, Just ready, in three vols. -post tivo., T HE WILL ; or, THE H ALF MOTHERS. A NOVEL. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. NEW NOVEL BY MRS. TROLLOPE. In the Press, in 3 vols. ATHER EUSTACE; A TALE OF THE JESUITS. By Mrs. TROLLOPE. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlboroug,h-street. MR. BURKE'S H ISTORY OP THE LANDED GENTRY IS NON COMPLETED. In 2 royal Bvo. volumes, price 21. 10s. bound. Orders received by all.Bookftelfers. N.B. Purchasers of single Parts or volumes are advised to complete their sets 'immediately, as they will only be sold separately fora short time. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING Will be performed Lavenn's ne# Opera, entitled LORETTA ; A Tale of Seville. Don Carlos, Mr. Harrison ; Ferdinand, Mr. King ; Philippo, Mr. Borrani ; Provost Marshal, Mr. Howell ; Don Juanito, Mr. Webs ; Loretta, Madame Anna Bishop ; Florinda, Miss Poole ; Gaetana, Miss Rebecca Isaacs. After the Opera, will be presented a new grand Ballet, called THE WAGS OF WAPPING (performed at the Academic Royale, Paris, under the title of " Betty.") In which will appear Mdlles. Sophie Fuoco r Lonise, Benart, 'Madame Ginbilei ; MM. Huguet, Adrien, Paul, Tell ; Messrs. Howell, Priorsoo, &c. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Under the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee. THIS EVENING Will be performed an original Comedy, entitled LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP; or, Wooings and Weddings. Mr. Oddington, Mr. W. Farren ; Mr. Itashleigh, Mr. Hudson. ; Mr. De Vere Mr. Hull ; Mr. Brandon, 7,1 r. Howe; - Mr. Hardman, Mr. Rogers; Lek Spriggs, Mr. Webster; Tom Tilley, Mr. Buckstone ; Miss Brown, Mrs. Glover; Claribel Oddington, Miss Fortescue; Nlary Oddington, Miss P. Horton Elinor Mortimer, Mit. Yarnold ; Fanny Hardman, Miss Julia Bennett. After which a new Farce,, called SPRING GARDENS. Lott Courtington, Mr. Holl ; Sir Arthur Lovel, Mr. Howe ; Seoreup, Mr. Buckstone ; Lads, Clarissa, Mrs. Budkingham ; Mrs. Seoreup, Miss Julia Bennett. During- the evening the Band will perform three Polkas—" Caro- Mum," " Juris," and "Marten ; Esterhazy" (Walzer) ; "Les Travestissemens" (Overture) ; and " La Sonnambula." To conclude with . a new Comedy, hi three acts, entitled QUEEN MARY'S BOWER. Principal characters by. Messrs. Webster, Hudson, Howe, Brindal, Braid ; MiSs Fortescue, Mrs. Seymour, &c. Box-office open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction of Mr. T. Archer, Box Book-keeper. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII. UNDER THE'DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE. THIS EVENING Will he performed a grand Fairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet of LA GISELLE, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS; or, the Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford. Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. Cullenford, Madame Celeste, Miss Marian Taylor, Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin;and Mrs. Laws. After which, the popular Musical Comedy of SWEETHEARTS AND WIVES. Admiral Franklin, Mr. Lambert ; Charles Franklin, Mr. Selby; Billy Lackaday, Mr. Wright; Sandford, Mr. Worrell; Curtis, Mr. Cullenford ; Mrs. Bell, Mrs. F. Matthews ; Eugenia, Mrs. Yates ; Laura, Miss Woolgar ; Susan, Miss Brooks. To conclude with a Bozzian Sketch, in one act, called MRS. GAMP'S TEA AND TURN-OUT. Principal characters by Messrs. Cullentord, Worrell, Ryan, Wright, 3lunyard ; Miss 31. Taylor, and Miss Ellen Chaplin. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. J. M. Maddox, sole Lessee and Manager. THIS EVENING Will be performed an original romantic Opera, in three parts, entitled THE NIGHT DANCERS ; founded on the Story of " Giselle." The principal characters personified by Miss Oeorgiana tmithson, Madame Albertazzi, Miss Flower, Miss Somers, Misses Marshall ; Messrs. Leffler,' Allen, Bodda; Walton, T. Hill, llonner, I'eren, &c. After which a new farce, entitled KEEPING A PLACE. Major Spikespur, Mr. Granby; Crocus, Mr. Compton ; Miss Dorothea Danzers, Mrs. Fosbroke; Tidy; Miss Laporte. To conclude with the Musical Entertainment of THE QUAKER. In which Messrs. Barker; Leffler, lionner, Cohapton, Miss Grant, Mrs. Fosbroke, &c. will perform. • • OLY.NIPIC THEATRE. Mr. George Bolton, sole Lessee and Manager. THIS EVENING Will be produced an entirely New and Original Comedy, In dye acts, entitled LIFE. Mr. Orstan, Mr. Archer ; Frank Orstan. Mr. Leigh Murray; Sir Thomas Menton, Mr. Walter Lacy ; Sir Jacob Smallwit, Mr. George Bolton; Sir Robert Folair, Mr. J. Cowell ; Cancara, Mr. Wilkinson; Lady Bait, Mrs. C. Jones ; Fanny Archer, airs. Walter Lacy ; Emily Orstan, Mr& Gordon. , • • To conclude . with a new grand I,ALLET DIVERTISSEMENT. In rehearsal, and shortly to be produced, Beaumont - and Fletcher's Comedy of THE WILT) GOOSE CHASE. Prices of Admission :—Boxes, Is. ; Pit; 6d. ; Gallery, 3d. DAVIDGE'm 110 YA L E Y THE ATUE Lessee, Mrs. Prances Davidge. The Nobility, Gentry, and the Public are respectfully informed, that Mr. BAYNTUN ROL I' will make his First Appearance on any Stage THIS EVENING,. in Shakspere's. Tragedy of MAC BETH, with the whole of Locke's .Masic, and powerfully aug mented Chorus, engaged expressly for this occasion. The character of Atebeth .hy - Mr. Bayuten liult. Alter which, the popmar Burletta of THE LOAN OF. A LOVER. Peter Spyk, Mr. Webb; Gertrude (with Songs), \liss Loulea Lyons (from - the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden.) to conclude with a Ballet of Action, entitled DER CHAMOIS YAGER; or, The Fiend of Earth. The characters by the Devlin Family. AST iStItIVY , 3tOTAI. AMPUIT Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Patronised by her Most Gracious. Majesty tb.e Queen, Prince A !bort, and Royal Family. Iminfinse attraction. The Champion Vaulters. Herr Amidiu Neuperte, the great Dutch Bottle Equi librist. Second Week of the grind ,successful Magical Spectacle, introducing the Syrian Cam, Is and Deer. , • THIS EVFA;ING • Will be perfornwil it grandneW 3lrigical Equestrian Rorriance, en titled THE DEMO.'. HORSE ; or, Th.; Twelve Wishes and the Charmed Bit'. In whichwill be ititrodti&A a Wild Stag-Hunt, by living Deer; and numerous attnictive scenic.efTects. Entire change in the Scenes of the CIRCLE. To conclude with a tavouritc ~us-utheo opea trim eleven tilt nine o'cloot.—Doors open at. six an,t c.,nmence at half-past six ,o'clock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W. Broadfoot. 10vVAL VICTQUAA TULATRE, Alteration of Pikes. • boxes, 2,.;.-,41a1f-price, la.; Pit, Is.; liall , price, W. ; 3(1.. THIS Will be performed the interesting Drama of the MOCK MAR IIIAGE; or, the Blacksmith's Daughter.' In which Miss Vincen wi!l perform. _ • After which, TILE BRIDE'§ •lOUENEY ; or, The Escapes of Adelaide of Drescen. Masgyriolo, %lr. Searle ; Karl, Mr. Howard ; Patoche, Mr. Forman; Adelaide, Misr Vincent; Claudine, Mrs. Lee. To conclude with the Barletta of T/J..E ➢I[SSTAKE STORY. I'UE WEATTIEII.--Sus OFFICE, NGVEMBER 19. T:IEnxomETEn, Lowest, 46; Highest. 55 ; Noon, 55, BAROMETER, 29.86.-WIND fine. WATER. AT LONIa:N-r0 , ...11)(4 , E TILLS DAY. Slorning .. 49 minutes after 1. 1 twerting Minutes after 2. mercial freedom, they have those who are desirous of. emulating their successful and illustrious predeces sors. Of this we are assured by authentic informa tion received periodically from a variety of sources. But among the numerous indications of the senti ments entertained upon this subject abroad none are more significant than the banquets given by the in fluential merchants of foreign countries to the Honourable Member for Stockport. We have already had occasion to allude to the generous welcome received by Mr. COBDEN in Paris, in Bordeaux, and in Madrid. On the 2d instant this public benefactor obtained a similar tribute of respect and admiration from a large number of the merchants, landowners, and public functionaries of Seville. It is just that a man of such personal eminence should be thus welcomed beyond the boundaries of his native land ; and it is consolatory to reflect that the bodily debility which was produced by his ardu ous exertions in behalf of the English people has con duced to the further dissemination of such ennobling principles. The speech delivered by Mr. COBDEN at this interesting banquet, and which was translated to his auditory, was characterised by the same good taste and the same contagious earnestness which were conspicuous in his previous addresses to the French and Spanish. Aware of the invidious construction which might be placed upon his remarks, supposing he had entered into a consideration of the mercantile exigencies of the Peninsula, Mr. COBDEN confined himself to merely general suggestions. "If I had been a Spaniard," he says, " I could have drawn you a very lively picture of the pacific benefits which would ensue from the general adoption of the principles of free trade. I could have demonstrated to you that nations greatly differing from each other, if it were possible for them to communicate their ideas, laying aside their mutual prejudices, would gain extraordinarily by the acquisition of information which would be useful to the country, and would increase its enlightenment." It is by the assiduous repetition of these truths, it is by the dint of unstinted logic and consistent reason ing, that the advantages of those wholesome doctrines may be conferred upon distant races, instead of being restricted to a solitary nation. It is by the communion of intellect and of heart, to which the Hon. Member for Stockport alludes, that national mill- . ties may be eradicated, and peace and cordial regard permanently and universally established. By thus striving to diffuse the benefits of free trade throughout the human family Mr. COBDEN is entailing upon his name the gratitude not of a single nation, but of many. He is preaching to Europe a crusade almost as glorious, and much more utili tarian, than that advocated by PETER the Hermit. The acceptance of free trade throughout the world is ultimately inevitable. It has been our pleasing duty on several occasions to direct the public attention to instances in which Irish landlords have well and efficiently discharged the duties incidental to their position. The ad mirable address of Mr. ARMSTRONG to his tenants, to which we alluded last week, called forth our warmest approbation. It was based on a perfect knowledge of the duties of a landed proprietor, and a firm determination to act to the utmost of his ability in accordance therewith; it exhibited that paternal solicitude for their welfare that should ever be the result of the social relationship existing between them. There was the friendly advice as to the line of conduct to be pursued; and, far more than that, there was the placing within their power the means of acting in accordance with that advice—the earnest request that they should keep the grain, and other valuable produce of their respective holdings, for the support of their families, and not part there with, even for the purpose of paying the rent due to himself. To those to whom employment was de sirable he expressed his willingness to take out the rent in labour at the rates usually paid in the county, while to those able and willing to discharge the amounts due by them immediately abatements were offered on the most liberal scale. It is not merely by the reductions offered, or the indulgence extended to the occupiers, that the goodness of the landlord is evidenced; he should guide and direct his people, he should permit them to hold their tenements at such fair and moderate rates as to enable them to reap fair and reasonable profits for the capital and labour ex pended in the cultivation of the ground, and to lay something by for a rainy day. He should afford them every encouragement, so as to enable them to develop the capabilities of the soil, and to bring it to the highest state of perfection. lie shoal so act towards them that every in dustrious and painstaking man would have a fair field for the full occupation of his labour, which in too many instances is his only capital ; he should show them in what manner the application of that labour might be rendered most conducive to their own comfort and permanent benefit, and assist them with money or materials, which their labour cannot supply ; and he should satisfy them that they will be perniitted to enjoy the full fruits of the improvements they may have effected by their industry, that he will not deprive them of it by increasing their rents so long as they choose to remain in posses sion, or, if they desire, or are compelled to change their locality, that they shall receive the full value in the shape of an increased price for the good-will, as it is termed, of their holdings. However it might be sanctioned by the present state of the law, it would be a grievous injustice if any man, who had increased the value of his farm solely by his own exertions, should have his rent raised or be ejected without receiving ample compensation. To a certain degree the " tenant right" in Ulster secures these advantages to the farmers in that pro vince, and the natural result has been, that the districts in which it has been recognised have thriven and improved in comparison with other parts of the country. It generates a feeling of independence and security on the part of the tenant, with or without a lease. He is convinced that he will not be altogether deprived of the fruits of his industry, and he is en couraged to effect these ameliorations, which are so beneficial, not only to his landlord and himself, but to the nation in general. It is little to be wondered at, therefore, if any infraction of the " tenant right" is ,viewed with a most jealous eye in the localities in which the custom prevails, and that it creates the g reatest excitement, which it requires much time to mitigate and remove. Our attention has recently been directed to a case, apparently of great hardship and oppression, .by a correspondent, who has forwarded us a pamphlet detailing the particulars of the transaction, and who has been pleased to compliment us on the part we have taken on the landlord and tenant question in Ireland. If the account is a correct one, and we see no reason to doubt its accuracy, great injustice has been done to the gentleman who was the sufferer on the eccasion. Although it is some time since the circumstance took place, it is still fresh in the recol lection of the. inhabitants of the district, and it is said has deterred many from the free expression of any political opinion opposed to that of their landlord. The case to which we allude is that of Mr. WILLIAM BESWICR, formerly of Lincabreen House, in the county of Down. It appears that this gentleman purchased a farm, held under the Marquis of DowNsulaE, subject to the yearly rent of 581. 165., for the good-will of which he paid the sum of 1,0001., and on which he expended a further sum of 800/., in permanent and lasting im provements. In the course of the ten years, during which he remained in occupation, Mr. BESWICK, in his pamphlet, asserts that he incurred the anger of the late Marquis for the active part which he took in getting up and forwarding petitions to Parliament for the total abolition of tithes and church cess. Whatever foundation there might be for this state ment, it appears that the rent was raised most enormously, and that a rent was imposed on the dwel ling-house itself, contrary to all former precedent in that part of the county. The total increase was from 581. 16s. per annum to 174/. Os. 2d., very nearly three times the former amount. Mr. Beswicx found that he would be unable to retain possession of the farm at so high a rent, and was in consequence obliged to dispose of his interest for a sum of 300 guineas, thus sustaining a loss of 1,4851. It is said that imme diately after his parting with the farm the rent was again reduced from 174/. Os. 2d. to 1001. per annum' at which rent. the new tenant was permitted to enjoy the fruits of Mr. BESWICK'S expenditure. If there should be anything incorrect in this statement, it is capable of immediate contradiction. It appears to us the simple questions are—did Mr. BESWICK payl,oool. 1 for the punch me of the good-will? Did be expend any) t and what further sum in improvements of a lasting character ? Waa his rent increased in the manner above str.ted, and was that increased rent the value of the land in the state or condition it was in when 111 r. BESWICK'S predecessor (for whose ex penditure thereon he paid 1,0001.) entered into pos. session, or was it the rack-rent value without making any allowrnce whatsoever for improvements ? If the latter, it appears to us that Mr. BESWICK has been treated in a most unjust and inequitable manner, and that he is fairly entitled to some compensation for the losses he has sustained. It is not our wish or design to cast any imputa tion upon the memory of the late Marquis of Dowfl- SHIRE, however we may have differed from him in political opinions. 'We always heard and believed that he was an excellent landlord, a kind-hearted and benevolent nobleman. We have heard a similar ac count of the inheritor of his estates and honours; we have alluded to the case, because we conceive that . there must be some mistake somewhere (a most un fortunate one for Mr. BEswlcs.), and we trust that the liberality and justice of the present Marquis will prompt him to make speedy reparation, if the mis take should have been on the part of his father. We allude to it, in order that if there be error it may be corrected, and if not, that what we cannot but con sider a most injurious precedent may be taken away, and that the injured man may receive the only amends now in the power of those who reaped the benefit of his loss. The Wilberforce of the day—Lord ASHLEY—must regard with feelings of intense gratification the lively interest which' the influential cities, and the country at large, are at length taking in all matters affecting the social and moral condition of the people. The chief pioneer in the work of philanthropy, Lord ASHLEY, must have his mind replete with joy to reflect, that, sincere as has been his devotion to the cause of protecting the physical and mental attributes of the comparatively defenceless poor, unwearied as has been his zeal in tracing out the sources of the general misery by which the humbler classes, to the extent of millions, are completely encompassed and fearfully depressed, an anxiety is now generally manifested, at an earlier period and with greater strength than his Lordship could have reasonably hoped for, to follow him through the social labyrinth which he has so long and ardently traversed, and to undertake a reformation which has hitherto been scarcely heeded, and cer tainly has been scandalously neglected. In his peculiar vocation, Lord ASHLEY, we should imagine, naturally recognised his most enlivening prospect of success when Lord JOHN RUSSELL, on assuming the head of affairs, distinctly proclaimed that the Government would endeavour to rescue the working classes, by sanatory and educational laws, from their present prostrate condition. The divided state of parties is another favourable circumstance for encouraging the Executive to introduce any measures they may be maturing, with the view of promoting the comforts and improving, physically and morally, the industrial population of these kingdoms. Two numerous meetings have just been held—one in the City, the other in Marylebone—for the purpose of considering of the best means relative to the con servation of the public health, and especially of our poorer fellow-citizens. The subject is the most im portant that can be suggested. The awful details which have of late years been elicited of the frightful ravages which it is notorious are daily made by death, owing to the mephitic state of the atmos phere in the crowded parts of our immense towns, engendered by the absence of any precau tionary measures of a sanatory nature, should incite us, from a sense of humanity alone, to devise and effectuate every possible means for shielding the in digent and labouring classes from the disease and misery which sweep them off, as it were, with a scythe, and with increasing numbers, into a prema ture grave. But a feeling of self-interest combines with humanity to impel us to the same end. The rich cannot be long indifferent to the sufferings of the poor without being rendered sensible, directly or indirectly, of the inhumanity of which they have been guilty. Disease will not confine itself to the pre cincts within which it wa►s created. It stealthily ad vances from the despised hovel to the splendid mansion, where a lingering and fatal illness, by over taking one or more of its inmates, may teach them that, had their poorer neighbours not been unfeel ingly disregarded, themselves might never have pre maturely known the sharp stings of mortality. Again, though sickness or contagion, dilicting the poor, may not reach their own well-ordered dwellings, yet the increased rates, consequent upon the abject and demoralised state of the lower ranks of society, will remind the affluent citizen, who chooses to reflect upon the subject, that in one way or another he roust sutler, if, in a becoming spirit, the wants of the poor be not attended to. The mortuary records testify that, comparing the last quarter with the cor responding one of 1845, the increase of deaths has been 115,227. Mortality has been augmented by 9.14 per cent. The tendency to consumption has increased 25 per cent. ; to typhus, 55 per cent. ; and 18,000 out of 1,000,000 attacked, have died of endemic, (Tidemic, and contagious diseases. In three large towns, 95,000, u►►der five years of age, have perished, out of a population of 1,000,000. It was stated by a speaker at the meeting in the City, that " grown-up young men and women slept in the same bed in these over-crowded dwellings, and the consequence was, not only the destruction of all decency, but of all morality, and a premature development of the passions, and not only that, but he had known dead bodies kept so long in them that he had seen the maggots from them crawling about the room in all directions." It is in vain, as has been observed by Lord A sn- LEY, that we have our churches, chapels, and schools, whilst we allow the courts and alleys to remain in their present filthy condition. Good drainage, a con stant and abundant supply of water, free ventilation, extra-mural burial-grounds, are the most obvious conveniences which should be secured to the poor. When these wants shall be duly supplied, not only the health and happiness, but likewise the morality of the people, will be advanced and developed. The Journal de Frankfort states that M. DE GEROLT, the Prussian Charge d'Affaires to the United States, has prolonged his stay at Berlin, in order to receive instructions for the conclusion of a treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States and the Zollverein. A letter from Annaberg of 11th November, in the Leipsic Gazette, says that the day before a tumul tuous assemblage of lace-makers, 600 in number, proceeded to the manufactory of MM. EISENSTUCK and Co., of that town, and insisted on those gentle men delivering up to them a piece of machinery, by which, they said, their trade would be ruined, and their means of existence cut off. The proprietors not only assured the crowd that they possessed no such machinery, but even conducted them over the pre mises, in order that they might be convinced of the fact themselves. The crowd, after having done this, withdrew. They then took it into their heads that the machinery was at Wilsa, and proceeded there ; but the authorities, hearing of their intention, had taken measures to prevent any breach of the peace. Everything was tranquil when the letter was dis patched. A letter from Roveredo, of the Ist inst., states that the Tyrol has had its inundations also. From the 28th to the 31st of October it rained so inces santly that the Elsch rose above its banks, and did great damage. . For several days all communications between the two banks of, the river were interrupted. The Madrid mail of the 12th had not reached Paris on Tuesday. The Bordeaux mail had arrived at the proper time, but without bringing any com munication from Madrid ; therefore it is natural to suppose that the delay must have been occasioned by some unusual occurrence on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees. We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday. . _ The Dynastic journals still continue to harp upon the marriage of the Duc DE BORDEAUX as an affair of no consequence; and the Epoque has the singu larly bad taste to sneer at his donations to the poor of Paris, and his plans for giving employment to the destitute poor of Chambord. The Siecle, however, the organ of the ODILori BARROT party, is more just: after stating that the ai- sertion of the Debuts, that the forttine of the Duchess of BoaDEAux was only fcur millions of francs, had been authoritatively contradicted, and at the same time admitting that the statement that her fortune amounted to one 'hundred millions of francs, was an exaggeration the Siècle thus proceeds : " The juste milieu between four ancVnii4rlikidied lions of francs is still very well, - and the totint de Chain..., herd, if his tastes are simple, may be very well satisfied with it. It is of less importance, hoWeVer, - in our opi nion, for those who take an interest in this Prince, to know how many millions he has,, than the use lie may make of them. He has just addressed a letter to the Marquis de Pastoret, in which he places at the diSporal of the latter a sum of 40 thousand francs tO•establish charitable workshops, to provide labour for the indigent classes in the environs of Chambord. ifthe Prince were as rich as was first said, with the sentiments of gene rosity which ure ascribed to - him, he could' undoubtedly do more. But the gifts which he bestows for the relief of constantly increasing misery are not the least honour able to him, particularlydf, as we believe, they are dis interested. The Legiti►natist journals as may be easily ima gined, are loud in their expressions of approbation of his conduct, lauding him not only for the sums he bestows, but for the judicious mode in which he applies them. It would appear that M. GuizoT is determined to pursue a re-actionary and retrograde policy in every part of Europe. Having been the apologist of Austrian cruelties in Galicia, he is now about to become the instrument of Austrian aggression against Switzer land. It remains to be seen, however, whether France, who has herself forced M. GUIZoT to expel the Jesuits from her own territory, will permit him to use the influence and power of her name to esta blish their domination over the territory of a neigh bour. On this subject we find the following in the Constitittionnel:— " The eagerness with which our Government placed itself at the disposal of the Austrian Government, in what relates to the affairs of Switzerland, is well known. By the bent of their policy, our Ministers were already naturally inclined to combat the development of liberal ideas in the Helvetic Republic, and to lend their support to the aristocratic and ultramontane party—to impede; in fact, the action of the democratic cantons. The grand policy holds revolutions, progress, reforms, and liberals, in horror ; the guild policy is altogether Conservative. Besides, our Government had a pressing reason for try ing to please Austria. It was necessary to prevent the Cabinet of Vienna from receiving with too much favour the complaints of the Cabinet of London relative to the Spanish murriuga. The occasion, there-- 1 fore, which the revolution of Geneva preSented; was eagerly seized on to become quite on terms with M. de Metternich relative to the subject of the affairs of SWitzerland. Could there be any hesitation to sacrifice the Liberals of Switzerland, when the French Government was bold enough to justify the acts of the Austrian Government in Gallicia? This is what' was resolved,—the two Governments were first of all to direct, as they have done, some troops of observation towards the frontier of 'Switzerland, but without any. project of immediate intervention. It was only foreseen that the revolution triumphant at Geneva would spread to the other cantons; Basle (city), Friburg, and Perhaps the Valais, would imitate Geneva, and probably a ma jority would be formed in the next Diet for the dissolu tion of the league of the seven ultramontane cantons. But it is at the execution of this resolution of the Diet that the Governments of Austria and France intended waiting for liberal Switzerland. Lucerne, in their opinion, might be possibly invaded by the federal troops, and see itself reduced to drive its darling Jesuits from its soil. The canton of Lucerne is, in fact, easily accessible, and its inhabitants are much divided; the Liberal party might triumph by numbers. But when the question was to be 4 lto penetrate into the little cantons, those fortresses of Switzerland, defended by a warlike and fanatical population, the soldiers of Berne and Zurich could not tail, it is said, to be beaten. Then, at the moment when the majority should experience a defeat, or when Switzerland, tired of carnage, should sigh at ter repose, it would be suggested to the cantons of the seve ral parties to call for the diplomatic, and, if necessary, fur the armed intervention of Europe. Austria and France then would hasten to comply with the desires of the Hel vetic party; the Powers who are guarantees of the com pact would be called in to consolidate the victory of the primitive cantons ; the compact would; perhaps, be amended; but great care wouldbe taken, whilst appear ing to fortify the central power, to make the ultramon tune and aristocratic influence, that is that of the mino rity predominant in the Helvetic Government. Such, we believe, have been the provisions and projects of the Governments of Austria and France. We hope, for the sake ot Switzerland, that matters will not pass in this way. It is probable that a 'majority of twelve votes will be found in the next Diet for the dissolution of the League of the Seven. In the sitting of Monday last, the Grand Council of Geneva formally adhered to the proposition made by Zurich, to declare the separate alliance .of the seven cantons dissolved. Basle will, without doubt, imi— tate this example. But when in the Diet the majority shall have thus condemned this violation of the compact, nothing will render the invasion a the seven by the federal troops necessary. The aggression, on the Con trary, will come from the Leaguers, if they shall deter mine to oppose by force the prudent resolutions which the new majsrity shall adopt for Switzerland. It is in this sense that the Revue de Geneve expresses itself, in an article remarkable for its moderation. It may, there fore, come to pass, that prudence as wellias success will ho on the side of the Liberals, notwithstanding the sitg.: gestions and hopes of the Conservative Government." , In the National' we find, two letters from Madrid of the 11th, which . state that news had arrived of the triumph of the insurgents in Portugal. One of'the letters is as follows :—" Lreceived this instant news from the frontier of Portugal. The popular party haS gsined the upper hand. The streets of Lisbon are filled with armed men, shouting-' Muera la Reyna.' Her MAJESTY has taken refuge on board the Hi bernia." The other letter .says—" M. ISTUEITZ hds just taken to the Palace decisive news from Lisbon. We are assured that hardly had the troops left when an extreme agitation was manifested by the popu lation. On the following evening the people invaded the streets, and cries of death being uttered in all Farts of the capital, DONNA MARIA thought it prudent to take refuge on board an English ship. The entry of the insurgent troops was expected every moment." It is certainly barely possible that they may have had in Madrid, on the 11th, later news from Portugal than we have received by the packet, but it is ex ceedingly improbable, and we are not inclined to attach much credit to this Madrid rumour. Several Spanish refugees, taking advantage of the amnesty, have passed through Bayonne, en route fel- Spain. The, Bey of TuErs is still at Toulon, and is being feted daily by the authorities. A letter from that place of the 14th says— " The lley of Tunis dined yesterday at the Prefec ture, where a large party of the chief persons of the place were invited to meet him. This morning he was present at a grand review, given in his honour, and ex pressed his admiration at the fine appearance of the troops. He afterwards visited the hospital, the arsenal, and Fort Lamalgue. • The Bey wore the uniform of a general officer, red trousers with wide stripes of gold lace, a blue tunic, and large epaulettes. He wore the Greek cap, which has already replaced the-turbamin seve ral countries of the East. This costume, less brilliant than that worn by Ibrahim Pacha, is in its ensembte,f4r, more European than Oriental. His Highness bad on the graud cordon of the .Legion of Honour, and on his breast shone several decorations, amongst which was a Nichan that was truly dazzling. The Bq appears to be a man of about 40 Sears of age; he is of middle stature; his complexion is rather dark, and his hair and beard are entirely white. The persons who were with .him, about twenty in number, all in uniform, were. more advanced in age." The BEY was to leave on -the 14th, , for , Lyons, where he is to remain for a few day . , expected in Paris before the end of the week. On -his arrival he will lodge in the Palace of the:.Blysee r 3ourbon. Ord forerswere his residencegivenonModacyontsotaknetelp;thhee:tp;:l to 25 intended degrees of the centigrade thermometer. The Council General of the' Seine terminated 'its labours on Monday, after adopting various resolutions T w n hch e i co w nn e c re il rteocpbEnempelnadcee before the Government. no new religious con gregations should, be allowed to establish themselves in Paris ; that carriages, carriage horses, and useless dogs be taxed ; and that the tax on butchers' meat be reduced; that ,a Bill on postal' reform be presented next session to the Chambers ; and that slavery in the French colonies be forthwith abolished; but, on, the proposal of one of its Members to moire a vote in favour of free trade, the Council General declared that this was not the moment to express any wish • either for the revision or - maintenance of the Customs tariff. The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris 'Bourse on Tuesday at 82f. 45c. ; the; Five per Cents., 117 f. 60c.; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,220 f. ; Rouen, 882 f. 50c. Havre, 670 f. ; Great Northern, . 635 f. ; . Avignon, 865 f. ; Vierzon, 563 f. 75e. ; Bordeaux, 542 f. 50e. ; .Troyes and Montereau, 345 f. ; Basle, 218 f. 75c.; Dieppe, 353 f. 75e. Paris and Strasburg, 477 f. 50c. ; Tours and 'Nantes, 483 f. 25c.; Paris and Lyons, 496f.25e,.. ' I.yons . ,and Avignon, 490 f.; Bordeaux and Cette, 475 f. ; Belgian Two-and•a- Half per Cents., 55%; Spanish Domestic Debt, 32j. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE 'NoVEmnitit 18. 13 ' tii LONDON A ST rn O ie C n K s,.l E 3re r x lA d N . 2 D E e , merara.. 3 1 ,4—Dutch Rhenish, 44}A—Jamaica. South Mi dland J unction;l3 i —Namur and Liege, n — N or th e rn• of France Constituted, 10 1 -4 Orleans and Bordeaux, 7% —Paris and Lyons Constituted,474., IRISH LABOURERS ABROAD.—A letter from Paris has the following :—" Such is the demand tpr . Irish labourers on railways in France, that they can earn .sf. to 61. a day, while the native workmen:only receive 3 r'• W 301 —Dublin ,Evening MONEY "and COMMERCIAL NEW CITY, QUARTER TO THREE: The Cotton Market at Liverrool yesterday was very quiet. Sales about 5,000 bales, including 1,000 Ame rican on speculation. Prices were without alteratioia. American was the dek.cription principally sold, and at :Id. to 7d. per lb. Shares were rather more fluctuatinr,. Accounts from Odessa state that the wheat crop in the south of Russia has been very abundant, but that the roads have been so bad as to - render the transporta tion of the surplus to the ports of shipment exceedingly difficult. The, Polish-landlords were very anxious to effect come improvement in the great road to Odessa, but it •is said that the Government at St. Petersburgh had declined to asSist with funds, and the presumed reason is, that it is jealous of any measures likely to augment the , wealth and influence of the landed pro prietors. The commerce of Odessa suffered, as may be supposed, from the defective communication, and there were no less than 100 corn laden waggons sunk in a par ticular part of , the main road; which had become rotten from the heavy rains. A railway from Odessa to Kieff, it is said, would be of the greatestimportance to Odessa, though for the reasons stated, Russia may be jealous of such a work. A large number of ships were lying in the harbour awaiting supplies of grain from the interior. In advice's from Frankfort-on-the-Maine it is stated that the Funds had fallen there, owing to the intelligence of the incorporation of Cracow with the Austrian empire. The peculiar position of Frankfort, it was indeed very natural, should favour lively fears or sympathy when such news came to band. The Stock Market looks well to-day, and there is a steady business doing in Consols at 94i 4'; in New Three-and-a-Quarter per 'Cents. at 951 to ; and in the Three per Cents. at 934 to 4. The Unfunded Debt, however, is again rather heavy, at 9s. to 1 is. premium, and sales to any extent cannot be effected just now. Bank Stock is marked 205 to 206, being a slight ad vance. The Foreign Investments have been very inactive. Spanish Five per Cents. have realised 254, and the Pas sives si. Equador Stock has been 31. Dutch Two , and-a•Ilalf per Cents. have realised 59 to Shares have been in fair request generally, but there - is not so general a tendency to advance. Some lines are higher, and others rather lower. ONE CLOSING PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES. Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Reduced Ann 5........ 93%M% 93% 3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 94% % 94% New 34 per Cent. Annuities 95 1 / 2 1 4% 954 t.ong Annuities to expire Jan.lB6o 9,4 15-16 9 15-16 Ditto 30 years, 0ct.'10,1859 In lia StOck 257 Consols for Account Exchequer Bills, 10001. 1% 2 d.... 911— p 8 p Ditto, Small t ... 812— p 12 p CLOSING PRICES OXE O'CLOCK PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. Brazilian Bonds Ditto, Account Ditto, New, 1829 and 1839 Ditto, Account Dutch, 2 1 A per Cent., 12 Guild sB3i Equador Bonds Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1846 Ditto, Account . — Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent .. Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840. 25% 5% Ditto, Account ... ..... 25% Ditto, Passive Ditto. 3 per Cent — Ditto, Account Dividends on the above payable in London. Dutch, 2% per Cent . Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certificates 91% 1 4 1 / Q 91 3 / PRICES Or PAID. BUSINESS DONE CLOSING ,sAILIVAY SHARES AT oNti. O'CLOCK. PRICES. Aberdeen Amber., Nott., Boston, • and Eastern Junction 2%...,... 2 3 / 4 % 2% Armagh, Coleraine, and „ Portrash ' 1% Belfast & County Down 4 3 / q .,.... Birmingham and Dudley 42i. ... .. 6 p 614 p Birmin. and Gleucester..100 Ditto New 17% — .... ... ...... Birmingham and Ox ford Junction Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire June.... 2 3 / 4 . — Boston, Stained, & Birm. 225. Bristol and Exeter 75 Ditto, New Bristol and Gloucester.... 30 ...... Bristol and Liver. June.. 2%...... Buckinghamshire ...... 84s. Caledoniant,! Ditto Half Shares-- 2 1 ji 2 l / 2%A... ..... Cambrian & Grand June 42s Chester and Holyhead... 27% Churnet and Blythe. Chester and Manchester 425. — Cheltenham and Oxford 2 Clydesdale Junctio n, ... 29 Cork, Blackrock, and , Passages ' Cork and Killarney ... 2% Om* and Waterford ... 1%...... -,- ... . . ... ~ ' Cornwall Ditto, Half Shares ... 2%•••••• — , . Cornwall& Cent'l Devon • 2% - Direct Lincold, East Bet- ' ford, and Shefict June. '2% Direct Northern . 2% .1% 2 2 Direct Norwich- • 1 Dublin and .BelfaistJunc: 12% — • Dublin, Belfast; hand Coleraine • ..•• • • 2 1 / Dublia and Galrky..., l! -• . • Dundalk &.'Enniakille,aJ 4O ' ' Eastern Counties 141.•;16s ' 23 1 4 23% Ditto New . 12/. 16s" 7%% P 7% p Ditto Perpetual', 5 per " i ' ' Cent, No. I. „..,,G4Ags, 4d... . 3 / 4 p 34 p Ditto dittoN9.2,,. 6G 13s. 4d... %lh p Do., York Extension.. 2 ...... 3 3 4 % 3% H',astDereh'm andNoech 1 F.astern Union '• • , 35 .. ... Ditto. Quarter Shares ' 8N — • Do: EN;ten.(l-larwich) I - ......... Do., Camb. 'and kly : 2 1 A•••••• East Lancashire Ditto, New. " • 10 1 74 Do., do. (late Preston , • and Orniskirk).... `lTii • ... • . East Lincolnshire, • ..... • 4-.14.....• 2 ••• East & West of England-,;;1%...-- Edinburgh and Glasgow:.so 76 • .Ditto Half Shares Ditto, Quarter Share 12% ....... Edinburgh & Northern.; 12% 15% ••• Edinburgh and Perth....• ',3 ...... Ely and Huntingdon 12% — Enniskillen and Sligo ... 2% — Exeter,Yeoyil,& Dorset 514 • Glasgow. Kilrnar.,&, Ayr ST), Ditto, New .......... . 15 Do., Shares (5 per cent. guar.) Glouc.,Abetystwith,and ' • • Central of Wales — •• Goole, Doncaster, &e. 425• is p. . Grand Union (Notting and Lynn Great Eastern &Western ••• GreatGrimsby and Shef field Great South. and West. (Ireland) ^^ 27% Great Munster 2% ..... Great North of Scotland 2%...... Great Northof England..loo 237% 237% Ditto New 5 Ditto, New . l5 ...... —, Ditto, New ............ 1% — Great Western B5 135 Ditto % Shares Ditto % Shares lO ' l B l/ I f Ditto Fifths , Ditto, New 2 .. 6 3 / 4 VA .. H u ddersfield :& Matches. 13 Ditto, Extension Hall and Selby 50 Ditto M Shares Do. Half Shares Ipswich & Bury St. Edm. 11% - __ . . _ . Do., do., and Norwich 2% 3 Lancaster and Carlisle... 50 Do. New Leeds and Bradford '3o • Leeds and Carlisle .. . ... 2% -- Leicester & Birmingham 22s • ........ Leicester and 8edf0rd.;..228. Leeds, Dewsbury, 22% 361/2 35% . Do., Branch (81ue)..... 2112 ll. 10% Do. Extension( Green) 2% 414 314 Leeds and Thirsk 1634. Ditto, New Mnchstr •& New castle Junction Liv'erpool and Bury 14 ...... London and Blackwell. 16/. 135.4 d. Do. New Ditto Extension ~ 7%.:.... .. . . ... Undon, Brighton, and South Coast Ditto, Fifths Do. Gl.zarant. 5 per ct 9 ...... 10 Lcindon and Greenwich 12115 s 4d... Do. Preference ...18/17s 2d London, Hounslow, and Western . 2 - London:',4nd N. Westeraloo 1951% 197 Do. Quarters .. 2 Do., do., New Shares- 2 Ditto Fifths •• 2 Ditto, Eighths (G. J.) 12% , rag,:., Do.;___ New Shares (G:tai;) Do •40/.Shares(L.Mo . 8 — ......... Lond. & S.Western 411 6s 10d 66 65% ... ..... Do. New ConsoL Bths 40 — . . .......... ... Do. New Do. New London and 'York ... 24...... 2NM .......... .. Do. 1 / Shares . . Leidon and Windsor . 1% . • • . -- •• - • `London, Salisbury - , and Veovii '. . . .... ... ........ 2%•••••• 1 % Londonderry &Coleraine. 15 ...... ..... Londonderry and Ennis- . killer' . . ... . ..: .. . ........ 15 ...... Lynn and Ely ..... .. ..... 15 ...... . . Lynn and Derebam ...... :5 ..... 15 1 . , ;, Manchester and Leeds... 82 Ditto 1 4 Shares ....... 88 2 Do. QiiaTtiers ............ Do. Fifth 5....,,........ . 5 . ••• D o. Sixteenths ........ . 61 ,i•• ••• • Do. Extension ........ . 4-'6. Manchester and Birinin. 40 Do. Quarter s (A) 5 .... 12% Do. 'Quarters (B) ... 5 Do. Quarters (C)...... 1 Manchester•Bitxton,and ' Matlock . 425. . . .... p — Manchester Birm., and - .p, 3 : ,A ~,,,„1,. Mould Junction .. ... ..- .....„ !., , 41:.,. ., . i. ip _ Manchest. & Southampt. 2 . ...... •-••• .. Midland_ Midland.. 100 ... ..126iiii .127 ' . X n... 126 xu , Do. 'fifths 2 Do. :New Ditto, New Do. Birm., and Derhyloo liiidind& Ent. CPtulties 2 58.••••• -- 4- At l - 1 7 4 ' S PON , ete44.7. 4 il: kyr P .41 • ' r " Henrydabant, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street, NEW WORK BY THE REY. R. COBBOLD. DEDICITED, BY EXPRESS PERMISSION, TO HER ;NIA JESTY THE QUEEN DOWAGER. Now Ready, In 3 vole. with Illustrations, 31s. 6d. bound, THE UISTOItY OF NARY THEOL W DIER ELLINGTON; DAUGHTER, WIFE, AND WIDOW. By the Rev. RICHARD COBBOLD, Author of "The History of Margaret Catchpole." Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. • RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE. 111 ESSRS. LAMOND, SMALE, AND LAMOND, Railway Share Auctioneers, beg to thank their Friends and the Public for their continued support rusd patronage, and to announce that their Public Sales or Railway Shares, &c., take place every 'rumsDAY and FitniT. at One o'clock, at the Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place, favours, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfully requested to be addressed. All Scrip and Shire Certificatml must be deposited, the day previous to their being offered ; and .sidvices of results will be forwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds imme diately disposed of according to instrtictions. Offices, hail of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London. (StYpiting %AM LONDON, THURSDAY, NOVE3I:111;31 19, 1846 , Since the conclusion of the Parliamentary session of 1846 it has been our gratifying office to comment upon the rapid diffusion of the commercial principles then proclaimed by, the British Legislature, upon their diffusion, not in any sectarian or conventional spirit of enthusiasm, but upon their spontaneous dis semination among the different continental princi palities, and upon their earnest acceptance among large classes of our European brethren. We have observed with unalloyed gratification that the people are evincing a readiness to welcome liberal and en lightened suggestions, from whatever quarter they may be promulgated; and that proportionately with the retrogression of certain Cabinets to the ignorant and blundering systems of antiquity, the million have displayed every anxiety to stimulate the progress of civilisation. While the animus 0r the Veremgericht has latterly seemed to revive in some amongst the continental palaces, the love of a social, moral, physical, and intellectual advancement has found a generous sympathy in the workshop and the cottage. In Switzerland, in Galicia, and recently in Portugal, we have seen Governments endeavouring to suppress the ebullitions of the popular will by confiscation of property, by systematic espionage, and by acts of mili tary aggression. In France, in Belgium, in Spain, and even among the princedoms of the Italian peninsula, we have, on the contrary, recognised the gradual spread of free-trade doctrines. In the United States the gigantic measures of Sir ROBERT PEEL have already exercised a visible influence. Associations have been formed in various directions of a character almost identical with the renciwned League. Statistics are periodically issued illustrative of the insufficient and pernicious nature of what has been so long mis called protection to native agriculture. If other countries have not got an intellectual army to fight the battles of reason against prejudice, or if, having a chivalrous battalion animated with a craving of such encounters, they are without the organization for which our body of free.- traders were so remarkable, they have at least individuals who are staunch in their ne w convictions and sanguine as to the result of their enterprise- If other countries are without an E/31:-. NEZER ELLIOT to distribute free trade in ballads, or a PEYRONNET TuomrsoN to write free-trade pamplalets, or a CHARLES VILLIERS to advocate the free-trade cause within the walls of the Legislature, or a IticnAan COBDEN to divulge the shallowness of the protectionist arguments to' the people, and to excite an universal, enthusiasm for the attainment of corn- TOO Midland Great Western Irish ................ 15 •...... .- ......... .... •-•'„, Newcastle and lie 20 rw:ck ...... 34 33% ........ 274 Do. North Shields 25 ...... - ........... ....•' Newcastle andCarlisle 100 ...... --- . • ......... ... ............ ... --- Newmrket&Chesterfrd 5 ...... • Newport &Abergavenny 2%...... - ...... '. .. . .... •-• 7 ...... •-• ..... . ... «.... . Newry and Enniskillen Newark, Sheffield, and ....• Boston ... ...... 1%......- ... ........ Norfolk ... lOO ...... - ...... ...... ... • •••' Do. half Shares .• •• 9 ...... -- ............... . .614 Do. Extension 6 ...... dill% ......... ••• n iii Northßritish ...•..•• 25 ...... 38 1 A . . .......... ... 0 ,3e, Do. Half Shares ll ...... 167(; . , x int ...... 161ir Do. Fifths .. Do. Quarters ...... .... . .......... .. „Z Do. Extension .. . . ... . ... .... '.. .. .... 75 ,711 Northern and Eastern 5 % 0 ...... 75 .... Do. Scrip (issd. 5 dis.) 45 ...... - ..... !. . 7 ...... • 2168% Do. Quarter Shares 12% ...... 18% . . ... ... ....... Do. New Nortlf,Stafforushire North Wales .. ......... 3% ...... 1 . .......... ••• Northern and Southern Connecting ............ 2% ...... -- ................. ...• Northampton, Banbury, .... and Cheltenham ...... 2 ...... - .............. . Oxford, IVorcestcr, and flAi Wolverhampton ...... 12% ...... 8%% ............ Oxford, . Witney, and ..... Cheltenham.. „ ••••• 1, 1 1 ..... -- .. • •.. ' ... ...- Portsmouth Direct 3% ...... -- .. ............ TA •••• .... Preston and Wyre. Do. 14 Shares Reading, Guildford, an d Reigate ............ 3/. 123. ...... -- dis. ........... Richmond ..... Royston and llitchen - . . ............. Scottish Central ..... . - . ........... ligi Scottish Midland 12% ...... 13%M.... ........ Sheffield, Buxton, Leek ..-• Potteries,andCrewe IN, ...... -- ............... ..., Sheffield & Manchester 100 ...... -• •• ............ Do. Quarter Shares 8 ...... -- •••• ........... '". Do.LincolnshireJunc. 1M.••••• -- .............. ' ... Do.& Great Grimsby. 10 ...... -- ••• ............ Do. do. Extension 425. • . .-- ..... ..... ••• 4;s Shrewsbury and Birm... 3 ••••:.• 'l,,it„".. 14 cal. Shropshire Union 2 Shrews., Wolverhamp &S. Staffordsh..Tune..' 2% ..... 2%•••••• ...... ." ... Sligo and Shannon ..• „,... South Devon.. - South & Midlands June 43 1 25 %5. ......... ... ---.... ..................... ... .............. ...... ....'.. S,..oot.urtthhSlitaasfftoerrdnsh&irDeJouvnerc 3213 2 62% % ..................... - -____ l3l,4 ......................................... ... 5 1: Do., No. 1 Do., N 0.2. Do., No. 3 -.4 Do., No. 4 Stainess t Hertford affordashnd. & Ju s n St.Alban's, Hatfield,and 125% .... ...... : ...-- : .................. , 3 ,; 441 1 Richmond cutoiopns Shropshire . - - .... .. . , • . :.. .. . ... ... .. .. . . ... ... . • . ••• •.. . . •.. •.. ... .. ... 4 , ire 2 3 / ...... 4 ... •. " South Wales 5 .... 3 % .... • •••• .. ....• Swans. & Loughor & Ca- Taw Vale Extension ... 2 ...... - "' •• " meron's Stm. Coal. ... 2 ...... •••• "' ..... * ........• Tring, Reading, and -- . ~. .............. ... Ba.si ngs t e k e Vale of Neath . -.. .. -• .. .. .... Wakefield, Pontefr . act..& ...... . ......... ....• Goole e ckshire & London 2 41 ............ .-.-- •': . ' .. ..."... .... . ' ~....•• Warwick and Worcester 425. ...... -- ... L .. ..... " .. . ••• •••• W• ' • W aterford and Kilkenny 11 .... -- •••• . ..... • Waterford and Limerick 221 .. ''''' ........... Waterfd,Wxfrd,Wicklw, ...... ............ and Dublin - .. • • ~,. W aterford, Wexford, and ........... ,g V alentia Waveney - Valley 21% ...... •••• •5 4 1 ........ .. ... ..••• ' it ) Welsh Midland ........ •- ..... ..- ...... •••• ' •••• ' West Riding Union West Cornwall .'2 -- ... .... WestLondon,Old Shares 20 ... - ''''" ... ........... Wexford and Carlow 2% .....•-- ..... .*". 9... Wilts, Somerset, & We .- ...... Y - W m or o c u e t s h ter,Warwick,and ......... ~ • 'ls ...... 94 . " .. ....... • .. Rugby - ••• ... ..„,....11 ot. York and Carlisle 2% --, ""'„*. .... - v i i 0, York and Newcastle 25 - ...... 39'4 % -.." '" '74 Ditto New Yo l : D r ) k: t . a .t n so P , d c% r a N e rs l b o e ho r r r e a t o n l North ; Midland 16 1 s ßranch. t 55 ............. . 11% ......... ••••'..... 5 Do. Selby ..... ....... ..• .. • Oil Do. Extension 2O ...... .-- •••••"- •.. • Ditto, Preference iS I4 .... • iti Do. East and W est Rid- .. ing Extension ; B A a n rgbl Belgiana o d - B o e e Es l ga Eastern a n FOREIGN RAILWAYS- . . / ........ 4 ...... . , ..... .., A tern Junctn. 2 1 % .......... 7.., •...A••••••••••••"..;;* 10,..P. BordeauxßoDcrdeote. Boulogne tae(n x a , s t: r ti ! u l A e i o d m u i t s i e e e : n r a s a . n n . d 1 62 .... . . .... 1. - - -3 ) t I l ' ‘: ............. .. . . . . E (4l sp a e c i k et e e n ,s le's . ) 2 .. .... ..... ...„, .. ... ..':` . ~,..1,,,,, 2 .--• . ...... • .... .. Calais, Dunkrk, and West ... Calcutta ..... " n tt d a ers and Diamond 2 ...... ...-- .............. • ... Callao, Ii s r b oLui Lima, .a,.n . d Pacific 7s. ..... . ... ...... ..'•••• • •° e • C c e e C n v o t to r as a n l L of Spain ........ 2 1 .... . ..... ---- - .. . ......... :.. ~::.: .. 1:4 ...• . . - . • ......... . •-• Demerara 2% ...... -- ...... •••'• •• • DutchDE'aai mrmsetacptldonruadxsi Bomb ay a ns, . H. Rheni s h. ai,a4.., , . . - - „ , , ' " . .•• • ' 1 Dendre Valley .. . . / • ss. -- ••••••!.. • ... ...... . .. a.. . _ a . z .. e . b . ;Oa 556 4 . ' I.:: --___‘°2 ... ......... ................... ! ._' ~" , ,,i•l 'e.: •••••• ... ! ... ..,. . .- • • Great Indian Peninsular ss. Great Western Bengal_ 5,. ...•.• ..... .. . :5 1 ,;:; •;T • . g.„t Great 1 V estern Canada 31.4 ...c-• •• J Italian and Austrian.: 4 .7.7; -. 2%; 14 •• • .... ........... el' • Jamaica S.Mid. Junction 1.. 1f nt•"' .. 0 /' Jersey ............................... -- ••.. "..... : 4 ' . , , :.. 1 Luxembourg.- . 4 .......... /6% . t;,.. 0 " . " 7 . Lyons and Avignon 2• 2 ...... -- •.'.'..., .. /' .. ' Maciras‘ ... ..... 1 --- .... ' . .*; .i‘ .!'• • ' Madras; Nellore, and ...... '' 1 ' • • . se" ? .'` Arcot „.. . . ,„ . ,„, % ...... -- . . ... , I N Madrid and Valencia 2 -- ...... ..••"°'.' ' /i Namur .. .. ...... .........;;; 4 ., : ,„" 9 Is; n o f F ss j r a andaarmn: c da e Bi t . ,vc' Bordeaux , :ri s .ez t . i ao. t .un u . x t . e ... d 5l .. . ........ .. ......1 4) ,i . , 9 . /„: ; ~*;'; fri• , .'• 1 S Ur ,and L iege N uarr o l r ee t aa h ni I 10 b ...........:: •••-714';',....' ........;:;;.. ..... :41i . Paris etLyonsConstitu 4 t i ed 33 Over Yssel .. ... .. ~:..... ~';',. .. ..- Paris and Orleans 2O ' ... ! . ..- •• . ''. • . ;:•••''' Paris and Rouen ........20 ..... 7 ''''.. . f.. 7 .. . ' .• ' '.. 5/ Paris and Strasbourg ' 1 ... ''' . "4" ' •--'" Constituted 5 ..... •-'" .. .•• • Rouen and Havre Sambre and Meuse . 4 3 /4 . ... . ............... ' s S t t o ras La b u o r u e r igice ant A Ba ti l a e nt . i c _l4 ........ •;-"...... ;. ... .. •"'°:: Tours and Nantes Con= ... . . ' ' .11...' . ; Tourney,s d t e i n tu , t a e n d d jilt, r . asseb ... i 5 . e . i . t ... E..i. n ........... --- _ , , ~.„ ... .„ ...„ Trinidad •2% .. '''' ............. West Flanders ...... / British halaNs JOINT STOCK BOP'. ... ;•'''. ..... r o t n h te A.... mt... :erican 50 4 ............ ----** L .:;7.* A l li ., Real del : la MINES. „ a z ...• ... .. , _-------i TOIS s i r AO C LbrieLe°zOse,DY:nYfDd'' 'S SII IP PIN G.-- ° ol, -!, DEAL, N ofi N n, o .e v c . le l a 9 r . - weather.W i 19.-wind this 1a ISt II - 1 ,,,,, , d briag:,o„,,P Arrd, - from o ritir Quebe •u 18.-Wind 5.. W..-- Arrd , . 40 , Sisai i; for ton,Devonshei,re, Sally, Rye, -ogado 1pt,„....i sob Godfrey, Batavia; NewuoisoSt ee ) s, • SCILLY, Nov. 14. A d Alpha , ,•••• JO. ' . Alo 15th. Prowler, Coysh, Labrador. Liu' f - N i s airL, v nii e -11 • ~.„,,,. . fl at, . 0 0. , so o Darke, Calcutta; A. Mulholland, ratselei' h. ......:4dger . IA LIVERPOOL, Nov 18,-Wind S., ". D i sitiv.hooteilNii Hannah, Prince Edward's Island ; Satellite, t pod bee ; Daniel Grant, Owens, Quellen• °g r. loit i f Bombay ; Tauin New York;. Theinisr ha Ser i Brunswick; Albatross,. Quebec ; . Sir J ° " bei , o4 r - esot o; Eliza Bell. . . -.A COng PeOnicr __, CLYDE Nov 17 -Wind S.--11"•`" OilleN.„0 0" Patagonia. ` Sid. .16th, Lot hinvar, , i.deisa- ,► ef , London, APDonald, Demerara; 17. F- 11141 °, son, Mauritius. Aro; 003° Oli CoRK, Nov. 16.-IVind S.E.- - ' JP Grant, Bonny.Nov..,T,, 11• k , 1 ,1 P .. , CASTLITOWK, BEARHAVEN, ,-.- . V. . 107 - C. ‘," ell l' Wakeham, Laguna, with loss of part of esiof xootlif OFF BEARHAVEN, NOV. 13.--COLUlteiSiiicbsel, Poo . o'' BELFAST, Nov. 15.-Arrd. GleninoW; 014 PORTsIIOUTH, Nov. 18 ' Ea S• S• .., COO Falstaff, Rowell, Quebec. ......d, 1 . 0 14 arv! ._ iir COWES, N0v..18.-Wind S.W. I ' l ' 10' 44 0 4 liavanna. . • yf pot 00, wind S. 4 ,,....12 ill . , PENAIVIII ROADS, "N. 'ov. 18.- - •• - ...,• r ./..- .• a a hal''' . nor bekah, for Hamburg, with ti aln- " e ' '- Arid. ° en° with a vessel off Ilfracombe. , PENTLAND FRITH, Nov. I 0.---- be. Albion, Leslie; Montreal. iii% ot, O s. is icA MONTitoE, Nov. I 6.---Atrrd. Brilliant. downS.l..lßnitichilisAßals9nchoNra°Tgev?, 1.-A. neo:clieerofirolerl9‘l3didbedlenfkr:r. the " rink of ve,ssels leaVing here with loss .0, woe thes ,FniticifTs.--ST. MickLAEL.si Ocr• , 2 ~.5 " „ --- r ed for so: sets to arrive, they would be readily cii , "•• - , to • ance of Indian corn at high freights. go iyea ovv'. • fiede%, 'gilt ° CORK, Nov. 15.-The .oi arcisse, ,_ d t , til ~ ~ day bows stove, having been in contact ow- 4 itor . Headwith the Isabella, Kenmae. ~„,,e of sP, o pio iv TRANIIAER, Nov. 17, -.The schooner ....7.3,, ' B est P'" 4. Belfast (with cattle), i,ot• on shore yeste• - i iiic .e '' • (Bay of Luce), and has broken her keei. 4 Doldolll4o,,bo°' SHIELDS, Nov. 18.-The Mary born An. terdilif P Y eS N want on shore in entering the har towed offend brought in. ;A h l i r .1 _ ------- ------=. , 0 , ~,, MARKET - . N k: W S.t '' _......0,6,10P 0,0 NMVTGIS.IVE A2V3) VILATIN.wrsie bete eer; W e had a full average supply of M eat rfUli it riCe. if i se while the general demand was steadY. i,t_ . d . vest, _. 0 ,, 3 , gd to 4 0 l''• _' t ba cArr" ~ ,,,4 from 2s 8d to 35 8d ; Mutton, 4s 8d ; and Pork, ch P .- TitEAT 114.6.1011 CO• 1., °tell .40, V avers, suPP i „ a il 4 700 SOUTHALL, NOY. 18.---A fair aver, Ge o.- i f e 4 .- . of Meat was on offer here this morninf,,,les. 13 ,0 a 6o; 3s 8d tc 4s 8d Per Sibs. b y ing, the trade ruled firm at our quo.r t ', l , 30 OP 35 to 45 2d ; Mutton, 3s 10d to 5s 4d ; .. v_e: fre is, , ... 0 0al l : and Pork, 4s to s6d per Sibs to sink tne u o d sheep c ° 7l 01 0 ;i• RonFoRD, Nov. 18.-Prim liasts„. the deh ian ss _, a ready sale at full prices. Othervt 2.vutlonro q . a sluggish state. Beef. froin 3s t 0 4a pork , 4° tir ten •• 4 0 pm toi to 2 , ibeir With • • per Sibs. Suckling Calves, .„ „_ .„.„,,,r,, , , 0 as Gd; Veal, 3s 8d to 4s 6c1. 8g, store Pigs, 16s to 19s ; • and Milau ."-- ~. , int) , 46 ;, Calf, 16/ to 18/ each. .. Litwits,Nov. 17 .-Reef; from 3sriid4tas.ios4s.6bc.i."'; S .P ilereibi4 ' , P 5n 4d ; Veal, 4s to As 4d ; andl ) dy : _.... A • ~,o moderate supply and a Btßaina.... ITER.A-G-Es.li COlti e r ' ail ' CORN A r BRITS . so li ~., , d To to Zas , -inspectors in the different Cities 1,0 lebt• thGeElNN'eleTeAuLdeAdl;).;'EuvßA. 169,ElateAlEaSda0uP ''''''''" nl the' ' 416 Igghr per Imperial Quartkr• . . ~ 0. 0 Tv Vill}..AT. OA.TII. ~.00 44. PRICE • . 1 61 s 44s tid 20s 9d CAS 24 ed DUTY... 43 Od y$ oa 6 , 1 ed 46111/41.,04 I 60,0103 4 85 3 4 85 1 4 58 3 /i 3% 21 3 / 4 37 is 24 3 /i 13 / 4 20% 18 1 / 2 15% 85 1 2 16% 3% i6c 2 514 59% 48 195 1 / 2 15% 19,4 65% 29% 2 1 4 1 '4, 1p