The Sun. — London, England, 1812-07-30 00:00:00

'SixtV. thousand Poles 'pring forward towards the Dana ; and in order that courage should. be enlightened by wisdom., ,prudent ters, an ancient Senate., Nuncios, and zealous Deputies, assemble; unite, and proclaim a coup - try so long lost. I , is in vain to repeat here - this magic ward. The effect- of: it cannot be conceiv ed, except by those who have heard it echoed in the Hall of the (;oafederates. Acclamations and expresSions of tenderness Aere poured 'forth on every side. In an instant the Hall was filled with the national colours,. The spectators impelled by their emotion, raised their hands to Heaven, and made signs to each other from the opposite ex tremities of the Hall, as if they had only begun to know each oilier frOm the moment when they could again call themselves by their ancientnames, But in the Midst of this agitation the observing eye could not withhold itself from noticing the prudericea.tid the wisdom of the measures decreed by the Repre sentatives of the nation. The experience of misfor tunes has unveiled the causes of them ; and there - fore the_ most effectual - precautions' have been taken to avoid_ ever y thi ng th at cou ld b e an inipe-, diment to the spring of the nation towards its re estahlishment. 'Personal animosities, and ancient feuds, have above all been marked as the enemies most to be dreaded ; and from the fresh acclama tions excited by the declaration pf the oblivion 'f injuries, We may -judge that this truth is not only - felt by the wise, bq also that it is become evi dent to the mass of the nation. The enthusiasm is general : the Polish ladies have not left to the men alone the care of displaying their patriotism; - --they appeared in public walks in different dresses, in which the colours of the nation were blended with a. great deal of elegance. In .the evening the Ladies of the Nobility presented themselves polish habits at -the hotel of his ExcellenCy the AmbassadOr of France. They arc anxious that the sows of Poland should be pro nounced on one side by the masepline and ener getic declaration of ,the Confederation, and- on the other by their most touching and tender ho mages: "Ah !" said a mother; on finding hei son asleep, " Awake! my child, arise ! thou art a nile ! Approach, my children; I love you now more than ever, kince you have once more .a coun try). ! !" What may not be expected from a people which, in the midst of its calamities, has been able to preserve so good a national spirit, and which knows so well how to dispose itself, to arrive at a state of strength and prosperity._ HA iatjaoll i JULY 13.—0 n the sth or , trns month a: patrole, belonging to the Customs of the brigade of Bremen (Mouths of the Weser), per ceived "a vessel with two'masts, which appeared to .wish to make:a. landing. An officer went im mediately to inform the troops nearest at hand, n~hile - the others continued to watch the ma nceuVres of the vessel; which was by this time ascertained to be an enemy; and - which shortly after, at the setting in of the night, landed on the sand banks, and it,three leagues from the.em bankmentrabout 1(10 persons, among whom were :some women, and five children. The Officers of the Customs judged,•from this eFitraordinary ma nteuvre, that the landing bad nothing hostile in it, and that the unfortunate persons whom they perceived, were fresh victims devoted by the gra titude of the British Ministry to a destruction the' more probable, as the tide was beginning to flow, and the passes to the shore, over the sands; where bottom may be, longest found, were necessarily. unknown to those landed. Struck by thesecir cumstances, the officers, with an impulse which is itself the severest censure of the, barbarity of the English, advanced to meet these wretches, and directed them, notwitstanding the danger, to a point where they could gain a firm footing'. It was full time to do so : in ten mi nu t es later' the greater number of them must hare perished. On their landing, the inhabitants of the coast had the afflicting sight of beholding disabled old, men buffeted by the waves, w hi c h a l rea dy covered them up to the breast, and loaded with infants, whose tender age could not melt the executioners in • the enemy's ship. They hastened to- redeive these wretches, and to direct them towards Ham burgh, where more ample relief was prepared for them./ We will give, in an early future publica tion, the list of these unfortunate persons ; they all belong,to the States of the Confederation ; and have only to reproach themselves with having supported, in the ranks of - the English army, the haughty pretensions of the British Ministers.— Was it for the English to-punish them ? PRICE OF STOCKS THIS DAY AT TWELVE O ' CLinelf. I Red. • !Xi!. Om niuni .y 1g pr. TIT 3 J r -vr r 4 _A, T. QI'IS DICI;HE FAL , : ? L 0 N P n N, THURSDAY, - JULY 30, 1812 ZYe ti)is morning received American Papers, containing the following Manifesto,. and. the Act of Cdngress declaring War. against Great'Britain. The Declaration . of War is dated the 18th June, only,two.days-after it was anounced in the Pouse of Commons that the Prders in Council were to be given up. We have not room at present to male any comments upon these documents WASHINGTON, JANE 18., 4 o'CLocK, P.mr—The Injunction of Secrecy was about an hour ago .re moved flinnithe following Message.and Act . MESSAGE TO THE SENATE ANT) HOUSE or REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED•STATES. I communicate to'Congress certain Aucuments, being a continuation of -those heretofore laid be fore them, on the subject of our affairs. with Great Britain Without going beyond the renewal in 1803, of the war in which' ,Great Britain is engaged, and . °witting unrepaired. wrongs of inferior magniti tude, the conduct of htr Gocztrament pre.4ents series of acts hostile to the United'States as an independent and neutral nation. British c'uiacrs have been in the continued' practice of violating the American flag on the great higliway of nations, - and of seizitig and carrying off persons sailing 'ender it ; not in the • exerci,e of ; a belligerTent right, foimded on the law of nations against 'an enemy, Init of a municipal prerogative over British- subjects. British jurisdiction is thus extended to neutral vessels in a situation where no laws can oPerate but the law of nations and the laws of the cOmp try to which the vessels belong' ; and a self-redress is assumed, which if British subjects were wrong fully detained and alone concerned, is that sub stitution of force 'for a resort to the responsible Sovereign, .which falls within . the definition of war.—Could the seizure of British subjects, in such eilses, ,e regarded as within' ;he exercise of a Belligerent right, the acknosi - ledged laws of war, which forbid an article of captured property to be adjudged, without a JegAilar inveAigAinn before a 'competent tribunal, would imperiously demand the fairest trial, where the sacred rights of persons were at issue. In place of such trial, these - rights are subjected to the will of every petty commander. The practice, hence, is so far from ,affecting British Subjects alone, that' under the pretext of searching for - these, thousands•• of American zees, under the safeguard of laws, and of their national , fiag, have been torn from their country, and from efery,thing dear to them have bCen dragged on 'board ships or *ar of a foreign nation, and exposed, under the severities' of theb:discipline, to be exiled to the most dis tant and deadly climes,, t 6 risk their lives, -in the battles of their oppressors, and to be the melan choly instruments of taking away those of their own. brethren. Against tits crying enormity, which Great Bri- tain would be so prompt to avenge if committed against herself, the United States have in vain' exhausted remonstrances and expostulations. And that no proof might be wanting of their conci liatory dispositions, and no pretext left for con tinuance of the practice, the British Government 'vas formally assured of the readiness of the United States to enter into arrangements, such as could not be' rejected, if the recovery • of the British subjects were, the Teal and the sole object. The communication 'passed without effect. British cruizers have been in the practice also of violating the rights and thepeace of our coasts. They hover over and harass our entering and 4c parting commerce. To the most insulting pre tensions they have added lawless proceedings in our very harbours; and have wantonly spilt Ame rican blood within the sanctuary of our territorial jurisdiction.---The principles and rules in - forded by that Nation, when a neutral Nation, against armed vessels of, belligerents hovering near her coasts, and disturbing her commerce, arc well known. When called on, nevertheless, by the United States to punish the greater oficnces.com mitted by her own vessels, her Gol , ernment has betowed on their commanders additional marks of honour and confidence. Under praended blockades, without the pre sence of an adequate force, and , sometimes with out the practicability of applying one, our ca.m. ; merce has been plundered in every sea; the great staples of our Country have been cut off from their legitimate markets ; - and'a destructive blow aimed at our agricultural and maritime interests. In aggravation of these predatory measures, they have been considered as in force from the dates of tteir notification ; a retrovective effect being thus.added,. as has been done in other im portant cases, - to the unlawfulness of the course puTSUCd. And to render the outrage the more signal, these mock blockades have been reiterated and inforeed in the face of official communications from the British Government, declaring, as - the true definition of 'a ltgal blockade, " that particn, par ports must be actually invested,,and previous - warning given to vessels bound to 'them, not tci enter.'' .:\:ot content with these occasional expedients for laying waste our neutral trade, the Cabinet of Great Britain resorted, at length, to the sweep ing sYsteng of blocliade,,under the name of 'Orders in Council, which has' been moulded 'and managed as might best suit its political views, its commer cial jealousies', or the avidity of British cruisers. To_ our remonstrances against the complicated and transcendant injustice of this innovation, the first reply was, that the. Orders were reluctantly adopted by Great Britain as a necessary retatia lion on decrees of her enemy &inhuming a igene ral bloCkade of the British Isles, at a time when the naval force of the enemy dared nut to issue from his own ports.—She'was reminded -with out effect, that her own prior blockades; unsup ported by an adequate naval force actually ap plied and cOntinned,.wcre a bar to fbis plea that exeruted edicts ngainst millions - of our property Could not_ he retaliation on edicts confessedly im poisible to be "exeeded ; that retaliation, to be just, should fall on the patty setting the guilty example, not tin - an inpocent whiclovaS not even chargeable with an acquiescence in it. When . deprived of this flimsy veil for a probi bition Of our trade with Great Britaia, her Cabi net, instead of a corresponding repeal, or a prac tical . discontinuance of its Orders, 'formally avowed a determination to persist in hem• against the United States, until the markets of her_ enemy should be laid open to British products'; thus asserting an obligation on a neutral power to re quire one belligerent to encourage, by its internal 'regulations, thetrade of another belligerent; con ti'adicting her own practice towards all nations in peace as well as in war; and betraying—the .in sincerity of those professions which inculcated a belief, that, laving resorted to her Orders: with regret, she was anxious to find an occasion fur putting an end to them. • . Abandoning still more all respect for the neu tral rights of the United States, and for its own cOnsistericy, the British Government now de- Mantis as pre-requisites to a'repeal of its Orders, as they relate to the. United States, that a formality should be observed in the repeal of the French Decrees no wise necessary to their termination, nor exemplified by British. usage ; and that *the French, repeal, besides including that portiOn of the Decrees which operates within a territoral jurisdiction as well as that which operates on the high seas . against, the commerce of the United States, should.not be a single special repeal in re 7 lation to the United States, but should be extend ed to whatever other neutral nations unconnected with them may he affected _by those Decrees. And as an additional insult, they are called on for a formal disavowal of conditions and preten sions advanced by the French Government, for which the United States are so far from having been themselves rcponsible that, in official expla nations, which have been published to the world, and in a correspondence of the American Minister at London with the British .Minister for Foreign Affairs, such a responsibility was' explicitly and and emphatically disclaimed.' It has become indeed sufficiently certain that 'the commerce of the United States is to be sacri ficed, not as interfering with the belligerent rights of Great Britain, not .as supplying the wants of their enemies, which she herself supplies 3 but as interfering with the monopoly which she covets for bear own commerce and navigation. _ She car ries on a war against the lawful commerce of a friend, that she may the better carry on a com merce with an enemy, a commerce polluted by the forgeries and perjuries which are for_the most part t! only passports by which it can succeed. Anxious to make every experiment short of the last resort of.injured nations, the United States have withheld from Great Britain, under successive mo difications, the benefits ;of a free intercourse with their niarlwt, the loss of which could not but out .; weigh the profits accruing from her restrictions of our commerce with other nations. And to . entitle those experiluents to the more -favonrahle consi deration, they were so framed as to enable her to place her adversary under the exclusive operation of them. To these appeals her Government has been equally inflexible, as if willing to make sacrifices of every sort,. - rather than yield to the claims of justice, or renounce the errors of a false pride. Nay, so far were the attempts car- ried to overcome the attachment of the British Cabinet to its unjust ecicts, that it received every encouragement, within the competency of the cxc cutive branch of our Government, to expect that a repeal of them would he followed - by a war be `tween ;the United States and France, unless the French edicts should also be repealad. Even this • - communication, although silencing for ever the plea of a disposition in tilt United States to ac- quiesee in those edic ... ts, originilly the sole plea for them, received no attention. If no other proof existed of a predetermination of the British Government against a repeal of its Orders, it_might be found in the correspondence Of the I.Nlinister Plenipotentiary of the United States at London, and the British Secretary for Foreign Affair 3 i►. 1810, on the question whether the blockade of May 1806, was considered in force or as not in \force. It had been ascertained that the French Government, which urged this block ade as the ground of its decree, was '‘Villing, in . the event of its removal, to repeal that de- cree - ; which being followed by alternate repeals of the, other offensive edicts, might abolish the whole system on both sides. This inviting oppor 't.unity for accomplishing an object so important to the United States, and professed so often to be the desire of both the belligerents,. was made known to the British Government. As that Go vernment admits that an actual appli cat i on o f au . a3eqqate fore is necessary fo the existence of legal blockade,- : nd if - Was notorious' that if such a force bad ever been applied, its long disconti• nuance had annulled the Woekade in que 3 " tion,• there could be -no sufficient objection on the , part of Great Britain to a formal re oca lion of - it ; and' no. imaginable Objection to declaration of the fact that the blockade did not eicist.- The declaration would have been consis tent with Tier avowed principles of - blockade, - and woulid Have . enabled the United States to - demand from France the pledged repeal of her,. Decree either with success; 'which case the vR I Y would have .been opened' for a general repeg of the Belligerent ;Edicts ; or without a success , in which case the United States would have been justified in turning their mtasures exclusivelf against France. The British Government, woula, however, neither rescind 'thewblockade, nor de- cure its non-existence nor pen - nit its non-exist" erv'e to' be inf.trred und affirmed by the American Plenipoten,tiary.--On'the contrary, by represent, ing the bloCkade to •be comprehended in the Ofilers'in Council, the United States were coni-i. pelted so to - regard it in their subFe4nent pro cecdings. There - was a period when a favou r abl e chmge in the policy of_ the British. Cabinet was justli considered as ,established.—The potentiary of his Britannic Majesty here an adjustment of the differences more humeniaLe.lr . endangering.the harmony -of the two countries.- - The propositiOn .vas accepted With a promptitude and cordiality : corresponding with the invariable professions. of this Government. A foundation appeared to be laid for a sincere and lasting - re'" conciliation. The prospect, however, quickly vanished. The whole proceeding was clisa: - vowed by the British. Government without all :explanation- which could at that time repret's the belief that the disavowal proceeded from a spirit of hostility to the commercial rights and prosperity of the United States. And' it has since come into proof, that at the very moment when the public Minister was holding the lan' guage of friendship, and inspired confidence in the of the negociation with which he Iva?. charged, a secret agent of his Government was , eurplqed in intrigues, having for their object a subversion of our Government, and a dismember ment of our happy union. In reviewing the conduct of Great Britain to wards the United States, our attention is neces sarily drawn to the warfare just renewed by the• savages on.one of our extensivefroutiers ; a War''' . J 1 fare which is known to.spare neither age nor sex,. acrd • to be distinguished by features peculiarly . shocking to humanity. It is difficult to account for the netivity and combinations which have for some time been developing thethselves among the tribes in constant intercourse with B r iti s h t ra derg and garrisons, without connecting their hostility with that influencei. and -without recollecting the -. authenticated examples of such interpositions here tofore furnished by the officers and agents of that Government. Such is the spectacle of injuries and indignitie s -, which have been heaped on our country; = ll4 such the crisis which its unexampled forbearanc e and conciliatory efforts have .not been able t° - avert. It might at l e a s t h ave b een exPecteu, tha , - an enlightened nation, if less urged by rnoral Oh-, ligations, or invited by friendly dispositions no ' the part of the United States, would have found 19 . its true interests alone a safticient, motive to re - . spect their rights and their tranquility on the high. seas; that an enlarged pOlicy would have favoured the free and general circulation of • commerce, which thel3ritish nation is at all times interested; and which in times of war is the best alleviatio 3 of, its calamities to herself, as well- as the other belligerents ; and more especially that the British" Cabinet would not . ; for the sake of a precarious and surreptitious intercourse with 11oStile markets, .have per Severed in a course of - measures which necessarily put at hazard the invaluable market of a great and growing country, disposed to cultivate the mutual advantages of an active commerce. Other councils have prevailed. Our moderatl and conciliation have had no other effect than to encourage perseverance, -and to enlarge preten sioils. • We behold our seafaring citizens still the , daily victims of lawless violence - committed on the great , and common highway - of nations, ev: 11 within the sight of the country which owes the:it protection. We behold our vessels freighted with the products of our soil and industry, or return;ng with the honest proceeds of them, wrested frOin , .their lawful .destinations, confiscAed, by prize courts; no -longer the organs of public law, but the instruments o f Arbitrary edicts, and their unfortunate - trews dispersed an d l o st, o r forced or inveigled in British ,p or t s. i n t o B r iti s h fleets whilst argument s a r e employed in.support of the se nd aggressions, 'which have no fouation but -irLa*