The Sun. — London, England, 1846-07-27 00:00:00

EGE LP D B i FL's G G 7 , , AT HLT ONSLO \V.—(.I‘IIIS DAL) _ "inquest en tile body of Fre,ler•lek White, the soldie r ft 4 : l ! death is alleged to have !leen eAti , ed by behig sevei ely was resum e d belore Ms. Wtell shortly beforo te trek this morning, at tke George the Fourth, Hounslow , e ` lt h• The inquest room wes crowded to excess, and the ilotoitiatest interest was evineud in the pn,ce,itings. Mr. Oa; k, te !tor to the magistrates, was present to watch the pre ed„,ings on the part of the regiment. thtee first witness called was James Elsworth, a private in te e regitnent of the 7th Hussars, who stated that the de -44:1 W . h ite Was more sober than other men in the regiment. Rh as Intoxicated on the night he struck the sergeant, 4 11 , he saw him strike him with a poker. Had known t he since his arrival with the reglinent from America. At ekt,,titne the deceased was flogged fo r the o ff enc e the din t and the co l onel stood on the right of White. The iyi:tdaint s tood betw een thew. The men stood in a half-square. th ree : t ance of the adjutant from the Colonel was about Ile,,e ar dsl he stood b etween t h e C o l one l an d t h e d octor. dat Was flowing when the Adjutant told Evans to do his Had see n men flogged in the same regiment before. er saw Evans flog before; had seen Critics, flog twice bef ore Had seen two other men flog before; Gadhead and t4:6den seen flogged before. Had seen three men flogged in cioetsoanie regiment, at all of which the same Adjutant and e lle ?ere present. The Colonel was only at one of these. e i.. ° ` the men was sentenced to receive 100 lashes, but he ° tes s' e h r , e eeiv ,, ed 75; in the second, the man was sentenced to Ra a 40 e, but only 50 were given ;in the third case, 150 the the sentence, but the man only received 50. The reason f ereti P (l id not get the whole number was because they had suf. extrhe acorporeal punishment before, and they were forgiven the r d l !nnber by the Comnaarelet -:n-Chief. Dr. Warren and th e thiiru,tant were at the two last. Colonel Whyte was at Defile: e ase, and at the least I do not consider that the oa whisent inflicted on others was so severe as that inflicted fieg t „,„,, t e• For instance, a man named Ogar, who was t r e h a ., s Much in America, received 75 lashes, and was only N ett , espital or riding with the baggage one day; the a Y be returned to his duty, and continued at it ever the is More blood flowed fr o m the back of White than from Ittaack of this man at the 75th lash. The blows struck en other b ack were hard er , in my opinion, than . those on the t eZan• I m a d e no remark w h en the Adjutant told . Evans tseiiLhe, hardsr, as we are not allowed to speak whilst in the be isi t l A u nt sonle one, who I do not recollect, nudged me when te ed ?ae this ob , ervation The " cats," two of which were leh,Pi inflicting punishment on White, had dark coloured k et Ts• The same occurred in the third case. In lekeeirson's case the handles were dark. The bloes th e ae 't on Alatthewson and White were much the same, as lec;eeerne farriers flogged. The Adjutant, before the 100th bie"__was struck, told Evans a second time to do his duty. T h e e i!leot hear any one tell the Adjutant to give the order. It s feet are tied up to a ladder when a man is flogged. (The e ire e i t i . are tied to the ladder also. He could n i o n t e m_ t oza /Per e b llas, or, commonly speaking, the cat- ' Part of N ught tu et to the room by the direction . of . ° the n _Coro_i_ier. ai the thoegs of all of them were . etained with blood). lts ed ~ Y ARLEy—Do you see any difference in the thongs bee I rons the other s ? W't tness .Yes I think the two Cala a re thick er an d stronge r. Ihave not ' heard anything el th e authorities of the regiment about the evidence °e n her In Co rn r eply to a questioa from Mr. Clark (put through the te - T e i r) he stated he had deserted twice. deserted . be kpe was punished. Could recollect being punished e thr .' tunes. Had been five years in the regiment last f' h• My name has not appeared in the " Regiment De sir, Book" since October, 1844. fi • WAKLEY—liave there been any desertions in the eeeinirent? Witness—Yes, a great maey ; many have de 9"ttecl oftener than I have. I have been recommended for p r omotion by Colonel Whyte for good conduct. The CORONER here intimated that there was great difficulty confining an investigation of this nature within legitimate t"Nids. He was anxiou s t o d o this, but yet at the same ree it was necessary to go at great length in order th a t t h e 4 1 cause of th e man's death might b e ascerta i ned, and re tteseetations made to the proper quarter. katth called ewsen was then in, and stated, in reply to the rrener, that he was confined within barracks at that time e ° l l ( ane miecenducthad not received any punishment -account of the evidence given before him. "Lr• Wakeer —lf you do receive any punishment on ac it ° Of the evidence given here, take care to let me know eithFitness —Yes, r. e r Weeeeer intimated that he should not call iqr the colonel, doctor, or adjutant, but they were th ey at liberty to come there, and make any statement IseLtihbought proper, but in the event of their doing so, it Te_ taken as evidence. sohl'ele brother of the deceased stated that he wished to put_ La I questions to Sergeant Potter, as to the treatment of r. Clark in the hospital. tt ti le Cl ark then proposed to call Dr. Warren, the surgeon bir P t nent, but, %ti e ,Areely said he could not receive Dr. Warren, in tpeeerab(se of the position he held. He could take h a ettte- Nie: r nigiet choose to make as evidence, but e might li ee ",, e _e t essary to go at greater length into the case, and eZ n ether the punishment was legal or not. ee Tli e eLark still pressed to call Dr. Warren. s'n,e that ,v• Dr. S. Trimmer, Vicar of Heston parish, stated lt e r udav thel3th, a Sergeant Maior of the regiment, re ee -- I ,;nt_ and said he wishedto . see the sexton. lie told te e se t ate:s the clergyman, and inquired Isis business with th e ' al ' He replied, he wished to see him respecting titl e; of a soldier, which was to take place a' r eel ey est ichureilvard at four o'clock on the following Wed , - ' d the cause of the soldier's death. I e that 8 tt . a j i veure c plaint. Asked him if it was true that 11411 ( ti i . dier hadbeoen;-recently flogged. He replied he had 4e W are deed about five weeks . before. Asked him if lie was „uroee at reports respecting the death of the man were "ene e ; t_rte said he was. Told him, under all the circum es4Pee;kne Wished him to to his commanding office! and ,7 e his :I's (the rev, gentleman's) opinion, that previously .„, - "unlee — ing called on to perform the funeral service he D er - Oe the authority p of the Coroner for his burial. He ,entree'severed, and fixed the funeral for the time he had . ° ?tain - e"e ed • Told him . he could not fix any thne until lie b ulat Ka Anther information respecting the man' s death, and s hcilld ect a communication from the barrac o k u s t . bitte a l l ed at horne p the whole of that day, and unt m il a a n b ica.. „hoe ;,..., °o ek th e next morning, but received no c d om meeting l° atf, Al the barracks up to that time, as he a lie was s te a at Brentford at ten o'clock that morning. lett egt4trate. Before going he felt it his duty to , ad d dyes t stt e Vicedt: Law on the subject, ndmbeg which he pla i ce 1 'ed hi rence, the inspector at Bre . ntforc a e cercese nl e --e;°,rward it with the least possible delay . to the fr°lll the . e —ei nrned home, when I received a communication l taattutlairitle's,arofractk.he the (The letter the witness addressed) to _ e_ regiment was here read, and simply d It .ards W e ^4 ‘ ja stated at length in his evidence.) He aftteir ;tat b' ee eived a con unication from the barracks, ate g ii , ,,? ! ,: h it s in tr. an had died from disease of the heart, which he disease e tuge, as the surgeon had stated that he died from ale T; the lungs, *°r th -Le wie, the registrar of the district, residing at Isle ti'l,stated that on the morning of the 14th inst, a soldier ' t h Hussars came to him to register the Oh th of White. He stated he was nut presentt shit b e e de ath of * his comrade. He also said he d .. 1 11 h e con attendance upon him previous to his death. Told ;re, e t r ,Tuld not grant him a certificate unless some person e ui nt who was present at his death, and that he 1 430 require a surgeon's certificate. lie went away e w ould send the hospital sergeant. Told him to be * th ere i: mek,s a h e k Wanted to go out. He never told him that they eke h urry too at the b a rracks, as they wanted to bury 6clikin at twelve o' c l oc k. S erg e an t Potter came at ten W i ,th a certificat e ,' which the witness produced and I t s 'e 41 stated that White was twenty-six years of .;!Id that he died from inflammation of the heart. 7 th if s Signed " Samuel Warren, Surgeon to t . he liese is hussars." Some women, who were at work at wit that " l ase at the time, exclaimed, on seeing the sergeant, e e i!. 4 , r d come to register the deaths of the man who had 'are, i"teged to death." He had some conversation with Reek s which he stated that the man was . flog . ged aboutfi:-e toataNsiblietnfore but that lie was well again in a fortnight. hi ' s private opinion of fl . oggin . g, when he stated, With. U rPrise, that he considered it count not be done away th e b Considered that he had fulfilled the instructions of aleirceistrar-oflice. Did not go to the barracks; but if a W e , ar ease occurred again, he should certainly go to them. 0 , not required by his instructions to visit the place where rerson died u • ta t bent, the constable of the district, deposed to visiting arracks, at the request of Mr. Pownall, a magistrate, c e , ,s e Fe be saw Dr. Warren, who stated that there was no ne -1441tY for an nestinqust as the man died from pleurisy of the t it: Did not e body. te en WARLEY said the witness ought to have thegone and th at body. This was necess ar y w h en i t was believed di al a person had died from violence. Whenever there was clination to show a body depend upon it there was some- Lii! suspiciou. ‘ir. AKLEY here intimated that Colo ne l Wh y t e , D r. th arren, an d t h e Adjutant might come into the room if they °ll .4t proper. whey availed themselves of the offer. Richard Evans, the farrier, one of the men who inflicted ' l 5 punishment, was en caed and exained—He said e ‘'its present at the punishment of White. m Received no in 4tructions as to how he was to be flogged. Was informed by ~ itteri that White was to be punished, and was ern "l°Yed as one of the men.. It . was usual for the f arriers to flog. He was senior farrier, and it was his duty %, i el,o so. Received orders to go to the Riding-school by R 'en, and from his Sergeant, Harris, and Sergeant-Major e li t t e t of th squad." When he first ' went in, the men had llrined7 He and Critten tied White with the same cords. a nti T(l not think the ladder had been used before. His feet Rids were tied. First saw " cats" on the floor of the C r i t , g-school ; they were brought in, in a bag, by Critten. il l , 'en used the cat' first, and when he had done, he handed ste ea th t to witness, and he used it. (The cats were produced, stated e , e witness selected a light-handled one, which he `Ass the one with which he inflicted the punishment.) - Zeelej„ A ltt-nv—T a k e it in your hand, squeeze the ends be fingers ad see they are than ose on 'tliffereee Nat• itness e (after if exam ining stron it), ger No; there air, t ab " B --TllkttY—Did any one say anything to you? Wit. h e „ - ; a djutant said " go on," after . the first 25 . 1a5 ,, 1ie5, lour d, - it came to my turn, I was certain . no one said Do /70 41 d No coin Aaint was made against him that he air, is i °t tike hard enough, or that he struck . too hard. i t hene . ' 'A ßLEY—Ho w hard do you strike? Witness—That 4-1.1.°11 much upon the strength of the man. Some are . .tr ger f•'au Others (' lt tde rs, Ak t/r—Do . you mean to say that you receive no ite s , -.1.1 (1 that you May strike light or hard as you please? - "eaNe e— l'ePeated. that he received no orders as to how the , ol e e h re ,t° be punished. 1415 e eit '‘ e i Whyte said no order was given as to how the kr.t o r t to be tie Th t OtNa " ALILE.Y de g ct:f e ne . d . to examine the witness further, and at '4 e re(l that 'eb e e a , e was in a . perilous position, as it appeared at to punish the man as he thought proper. mrinactiter must be further in -esti eated. Igoe ors then called Dr. 3. ‘ 1.. 14'arren, who stated that he h ad n o ( '‘-` - rees at the Edinburgh University, jest th: medic ld . • • w a ignit3. and dial he Pe ne t t Ake-er informed Dr Warren that lie was not coil:1- ,4u, imlo,niake fin • statement and that whatever he did br.-4"t m i ght not be aga inst Btv W ar.. used him . ;cease" . I cu said, lie was quite reaey to make his 4t . u t r. w 3r ' r r e respectiv e of the consequences. 0 14 7 trial a then went on to state that he was no t present e of White hut that he examined him carefulle, i1 e 1111.4- ei rl e (l nt ha. t he w ' as in a fit etate to undergo corporal i mprlsonMent, or otherwise. It was 'usual in strparmy for a sturgeon to be present at the infliction Pee rat punislin b . Onei w • leat. 4 rt;al byte explained that the sentence of the court -1144 Was ti•a • Chief, acco t e led h e iiiiitted to the Cornmander-m.tn. etnekge" certiticate stating Iliac the man was in a tit state -eeveeaayo Punishment. It afterwards went to the Judge -I,•4terilrilNeiere it was kept as part of the record. 44011 Continued—A seregicut Cook tba certificate THE 817 N, tiONDON,_MONDAY EVENING, JULY 27, 1846. THE PRINCE ALEXANDER I. OF GONZAGA, DUKE OF MANTUA. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) In the midst of the moral and intellectual enervation which has overcome the political world, and has caused all heads to bend before the power of Might, it is a consoling spectacle to behold a man, illustrious equally by birth and qualities, opposing himself with the noble daring of Right, alone against all, yo contra todos; in the face of astonished Europe demanding compensation for the evils caused by revolutions to one of the most distinguished families of princes—the illustrious house of the Gonzagas; and addressing to all personages of influence and power protestations drawn up in the most emphatic terms, and exclaiming with resolute voice, " I am the only and legitimate heir of all the glory, of all the misfor fortunes, and of all the rights of the sovereign house of Gonzaga, which heretofore ruled over Mantua, Castiglione, and Guastalla. My ancestors reigned in the East—at Jerusalem. The royal houses of Eu rope anxiously sought alliance with the Gonzagas, and my ancestresses have been seated on the greatest thrones of the world. Unnumbered times our blood has flowed for the defence of Christianity, and even in fighting for Austria, who seems to-day willing to contest my rights, in spite of the loyalty with which we have hitherto sustained her power. And what has been the recompense of so much devotion and of so many combats ? My family has seen itself un justly spoiled of its legitimate possessions ; all our services have been forgotten, and our faults illegally judged, in the person of the Duke of Mantua, my ancestor, punished without reason and without mercy. Advantage was taken of my father's minority and of mine to effect our ruin and spoliation in the treaties of Vienna and of Paris, neither has my per son been spared. Divine protection alone has pre served me from the snares prepared for me ; but I despise alike menaces and dangers, and while a spark of life remains to me, I will not cease protesting in the face of heaven and earth against the un worthy spoliations of which I am the vic tim, and demanding my reinstation in my hereditary principalities; my cause is the cause of all sovereigns, its justice cannot be called in question ; my rights are neither obscure nor doubtful, and I ought to rely upon the assistance of the great Powers and the influence of all lovers of equity." Such is the purport of all the protestations of his Highness the Prince of Gonzaga. His perseverance and his courage entitle him to sympathy, and deserve a speedy triumph. It is to be hoped that the great Powers who signed the treaties of Paris and Vienna will at length give earnest attention to demands so worthy of their regard, and thus afford a striking example of their respect for legitimate rights. All crowned heads are more or less interested in repair ing so great, though perhaps involuntary, an injustice ; and surely political probity is a more solid base for thrones than either ingratitude or indifference ! The following protestation has been recently issued by the Prince, and appropriately issued at the present time, in consequence of an attempt lately made at Paris to deprive him of his family papers : " We, Alexander 1., of Gonzaga, by the grace of God, Prince of Castiglione (delle Stiviere), of the Roman Empire and of Bozzolo; Duke of Mantua, of Guastalla, of Solferino and of Sabbionetta; Marquis of Meiola, and of Luzzara, &c., &c.; descendant of the Emperor Charlemagne and of Lothaire 1., Em peror of the East and King of Italy, &c. ; Grand Master of the Order of Redemption and of Devotion, &c., &c , " To all Kings, Princes, and Potentates, " Declare, publicly, that our legitimate protesta tions against the treaties of Vienna, in 1815, having been, by the most iniquitous means, rendered un availing, and we ourselves prevented from passing the Austrian frontiers, excepting once in 1836, by the per mission of Prince Metternich, we believe it necessary, to maintain our undoubted rights, before God and man, by a SOLEMN PROTESTATION against all that has been done to our prejudice relative to our duchies of Mantua, Guastalla, Castiglione, and Solferino, &c., as heir in direct line of those territories, by virtue of the Salic law established during seven centuries in our sovereign house of Gonzaga, and by the diplome of the Emperor Sigismond, dated Sept 22, 1433, confirming our ancestor, Jean-Francois de Gonzaga, a perpetuite for him and his male descendants, in all branches, in the titles and privileges of Sovereign, 11/largrave of Mantua, and Prince of the Roman empire,' as long as there should exist a Gonzaga upon the earth. " 1. By this present declaration we formally retract all concessions offered to the article of the treaty of Ratisbon, concerning our sovereign duchy of Mantua, in our protestation of October 12, 1841, addressed to Prince Metternich, Minister of his Majesty Ferdi nand I. Emperor of Austria. In consequence of a profound examination of all the deeds and treaties (vid4 notammant art. 31 of the treaty of Radstadt, in 1714, and art. 2 of the preliminaries of the treaty of Vienna, November 18, 1738), an intimate knowledge of the acts of our predecessor the Prince of Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla, until his death in 1746, and the testimony of impartial historians upon the illegality of the sentence pronounced again,st the last Duke of Mantua, by a tribunal acknowledged incompetent to judge him in his quality of Prince of the empire and before which he was neither cited nor heard: having died at Padua, poisoned. "2. We protest in like manner, and we declare null and void, all that was done prejudicial to our in terests during onr minority in 1815 and 1817, and during the minority of our father Prince Joseph Louis de Gonzaga, in 1722, by the secret and odious compact, which disposed of our direct hereditary possessions of Castiglione, Solferino, and Medola, moyennant an annual pension of 10,000 florins and which was signed by the Empress Maria The resa and our cousin Prince Luigi de Gonzaga Cas tiglione, who died in 1819. " 3. We declare that Prince Luigi had no right whatever to give up these territories, under no con ditions, in the absence and during the minority of the true heirs, neither had he any title to act without their consent, the marriage of his grandfather having been declared invalid, and he being aware that the lineal descendant of his ancestor, Prince Ferdinand VI. of Gonzaga, Prince of Castiglione, existed in Spain in the person of our father, Prince Joseph Louis, then a minor, of the age of eleven years, and chief of the family, of Gonzaga Mantoue Castiglione, and that, in consequence, the concurrence of the col. lateral branch of Gonzaga di Vescovado in the ar rangement concluded with the Empress was illegal. " 4. We formally demand compensation for those acts by which, in the treaties of Vienna in 1815, the great powers disposed of our Duchy of Guastalla, without the consent of our family, and more partici'. larly of our father, the next heir of the Prince of Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla, who died without chil dren. " 5. We recommend to the consideration of the Powers, who, with the exception of Austria, have acted, we are convinced, in ignorance of these startling facts, the reparation of the injuries that have been done to us, and the restitution of Guastalla in our favour, in accordance with the privilege which they reserved to themselves (article 99 of the treaty of June 9, 1815). "6. The confederated potentates cannot, in effect, sanction either the monstrous usurpation of Mantua, Castiglione and Guastalla, which is not cou n tenanced by the rights of nations or of conquest; or the aliena tion of our family from those duchies where we had reigned during seven centuries, without establishing, by such an infraction of the rights of minors, a pre cedent dangerous to their interests, and entirely op posed to the monarchical principles which rule the destinies of Europe, and which in its consequences may become fatal to their kingdoms and their heirs. " 7. We renew the declaration contained in our protestation addressed to Prince Metternich, October 12th, 1841, dated from Baden-Baden, relative to the person who, by order of the Austrian Government, in the month of September, 1836, counterfeited our • signature to a paper declaring our intention not again to enter Austria or our possessions in Italy. We protest that we have never either seen or read this paper, and that we could not have affixed our signature to such an act at a time when family affairs rendered our presence at Vienna abso lutely necessary ; and also we have affirmed this fact, when in the power of an armed force at Trieste, in 1839, in the apartment of the Governor of that town, the Count de Stadion, commissioned by order of Prince Metternich to obtain from us this renuncia tion of our Italian rights. " B.With extreme indignation we protest against the ignoble attempt, recently made at Paris by the agents of a French Administration, at the instigation of the Austrian Government, to carry off our family docu ments and title-deeds, November 27th, 1845, after a residence of eight years in Trance; and although by a providential hazard, our most important original papers remain in security, we rely upon the aid of the great Powers to take some measure which may put an end to such unworthy acts. Our ruin and our spoliation have been effected by treaties, profiting of the minority of our grandfather, of our father, and of ourselves; OUR CAUSE, we proclaim it boldy, Is TIIE CAUSE OF ALL SOVEREIGNS ! " 9. Finally, we peremptorily demand the invalida tion of the treaties of 1815 and 1817, in so far as they regard our estates; and in waiting for our re storation to our territories, an INDEMNITY conform able to our birth, and to our close alliance with al most all the sovereign families reigning in Europe. " This protestation is signed by us, and sealed with our family arms. " London, June 21, 1846. "ALEXANDER, (LS.) Prince de Gonzaga-Castiglione, Duke of Mantuts." PROTESTANTISM IN POLAND. Count Valerian Kresire-lzi deliVered his second lec ture on this so ject at Willis's Rooms on Saturday last. His attention was chiefly occupied with the condition of literature and the political state of the people in Poland, during the period from the twelfth to the sixteenth cen tury, over which his previous lecture extended. It ap pears that the art of printing had been introduced into Poland very soon at ter its discovery, for we find that a commentary on the Book of Psalms was printed and published in 1465, and in 1491 a Prayer Book in the Sclavonic language. In 1539 the liberty of the press was secured by royal decree, at which time there were sixty presses in Poland, some of them, however, were the private property of noblemen. In the course of his prelection, the Count quoted the eulogium recorded by De Thou of the nobles who formed the embassy to France after the election, of Henry of Valois, where, after describing the splen dour of their equipment, the historian says that many of these nobles spoke Latin —many of them the German and Italian languages—and many more the French, and with such purity that they seemed rather the inhabitants of the banks of the Seine and the Loire than of the Vis tula. The lecturer went into the particulars of the bio • graphy of John Alaski and Stanislaus Rosen, both of them eminent individuals, but divided in their attach ment to party, and opponents in the great religious struggles of the times. The former is well known in this country, where he resided for some time, in the reign of Edward VI., a leader among the English Re formers, closely allied to Cranmer, and generally es teemed by all who were not blinded by sectarian preju dice. Count Krasinski lamented the ill-regulated forms, or rather the entire want of form and law under which his countrymen proceeded to the most important act in their civil existence, the election of a King, and ascribed to this a great measure of the ruin w hi c h has ultimately befallen his country. THE LATE LAMENTABLE ACCI- DENT ON TIIE RIVER. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin, —Observing the report of a lamentable accident in the morning papers, I am anxious to contradict a part of that report, so far as my infant daughter is concerned. I hasten to inform you that the unfortunate child is the daughter of Mr. Rathbone, one of the people in my service, and who lives at my house, 454, Strand. The gentlemen who contribute intelligence of this sort to the press ought more carefully to ascertain the names of the unfortunate parties before they unceremoniously write what must cause much unnecessary suffering to a large circle of friends.—l am, Sir, yours, &c., JAMES WYLD. The following are the circumstances of the case : On Saturday evening a melancholy accident, resulting in the deaths of a Miss Wiltshire and the infant daughter of Mr. Rathbone, took place at Vauxhall-bridge Pier. It ap pears from what information could be collected that about ten minutes past six on the evening in question, George Maynard, ,the pier-man, observed a large skiff, in which there were six men, three women, and a child, as it was attempting to pass through the fourth arch of Vauxhall bridge, strike against the buttress of the arch. The boat then shot out, and the two men rowing, although told to keep clear of the pier, brought her in fearful collision with the triangular piling driven in front of the dummy; the tide was then running down very strong. The Lightning, Put ney boat, which was on its upward trip, noticed the perilous situation of those in the boat prior to the collision, and the captain eased and stopped the steamer, and brought her to a dead stand. Instantly that the skiff hit the pier, the rowers jumped up, and fell upon the sitters. This action, together with the collision, caused the skiff to swing round, and in doing so she fell against the curtain-board, or bot tom of the paddle-box of the Lightning, and immediately filled. Captain Sherman and the crew of the Lightning saved three men and two women. The captain of the Citizen, letter G, by the judicious use of his life lines, saved two more men, and the Bachelor rescued the eighth; but, un fortunately, Miss Wiltshire and the child perished. All the passengers in the Lightning unite in stating that no blame could possibly attach to Captain Sherman, but, on the contrary, he is to be commended for his precaution, and the activity afterwards displayed by him and his crew. The captains of the Citizen, letter G, and the Bachelor, are alike deserving praise. There appeared to b e no precise know ledge who the other parties than those drowned were. It seems, however, that the skiff is the property of Mr. Mehew, of the Tivoli Gargens, Battersea, and was used to convey passengers to and from the Citizen steam-boats. It is said that the master of the ceremonies at the Tivoli Gardens was one of the passengers, and that the remainder were con nected with those and Cremorne Gardens, Chelsea. Up to last night neither of the bodies had been found. A reward has been offered for the recovery of both bodies. COURT OF ALDERMEN.—On Saturday there was a meeting of the Court of Aldermen, at which the recent dis cussions relative to the respective powers, rights, and pri vileges of the Courts of Aldermen and Common Council was resumed. Mr. Alderman Wilson asserted the indepen dence of the Court of Aldermen, and its uncontrolled power to expend the funds of the Corporatior. in the prosecution of it duties, without interference by the Court of Common Council. After some discussion, it appeared that there were not sufficient members present to make a Court, where upon the Lord Mayor stated that he would immediately call a Court, in order to discus so important a question. Alderman Wilson said, although there was no Court, he should call the attention of the members to the attack made by Lord Brougham upon the Court in the House of Lords on the preceding night. He referred to the speech of Lord Brougham respecting a petition from a person of the name of O'Flaberty, who had been committed from the Mansion House. It appeared that in consequence of an error in the wording of the commitment, O'Flaherty, who had been accused upon undeniable evidence of having forged a letter in order to procure himself a situation in the coast guard, was wrongly imprisoned. That the case had been taken in hand by some attorney, and that the attempts made by the attorney to induce the City to pay largely fur the mistake in the shapeof compensation having failed, a peti tion was drawn up and put into the hands of Lord Brougham to present to their Lordships, animadverting upon the con duct of the Alderman as magistrate, and praying the House to improve the administration of justice in the City of Lon don, by immediate measures which should exclude the aldermen from any participation in the performance of the legal duties. A long conversation took place on the subject, and the aldermen resolved, as a committee, to leave it to the Lord Mayor and the City Solicitor to pursue what course they might think expedient. The inhabitants of the town of Elbing (Prussia) have sent the following letter to Sir Robert Peel :—" Measures t which aim at the happiness of a nat i on b e l ong t o a ll nations;he triumph of intelligence in one p eop l e ensures the advance ment of the interests of humanity in all. A statesman, worthy of the name, is the man of all countries. England owes to your administration three great reforms, relating to taxation, banking establishment; and the tariffs. The esta blishment of the income-tax proclaimed this axiom, that taxation ought to fall on men who are in possession of property, and not on the means of acquiring it. The Bill relating to banking has put an end to the deceit ful fluctuations of the value of money, regulated the circulation of paper money, and brought a remedy to the crisis with which the commercial world found itself at each moment menaced. It has given, as it were, an invitation to our Government to profit by your example, for the purpose of endowing our country with a wiser legislation, and more in conformity with our wants. The reform of the tariffs inaugurates in Europe the era of commercial liberty. Nations, in following the impulse which you have just given, will draw closer to each other as the citizens of one and the same country. Their interests will be more and inure com mingled, and will constitute so many guarantees of peace. The statesmen who govern Prussia, it they have not preceded you, are ready to follow you in the path you have chosen. We hail with delight the mea sure w hi c h a d m it s corn f ree . . . ..„ into England ; and it is not our interest alone which prompts us to say so, for we are convirced that this measure will be profitable to the English people. Your name will pass to posterity loaded with blessings? , GRAND CALEDONIAN FETE AT VAUXUALL.—This file, which is announced for Wednesday next, will be under the immediate patronage of the noblemen and gentlemen of the Highland Society of London, including the chief, his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the president, the Duke of Buccleuch, and the vice-presidents, the Earl of March, Viscount Belhaven, Sir James J. R. Mackenzie, of Scatwell, Bart., Lieutenant-General Sir John Macdonald, adjutant general of the forces, the Chisholm, of Chisholm, &c., &c. A number of Highland chieftains and others have expressed their intention of appearing in the various costumes of the several clans. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.—Dr. William Baly, physician to the Penitentiary, Millbank, and Dr. James Ris don Bennett, physician to Sr. Thomas's Hospital, have been elected Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians. THE WATEnatEtes PIER, GREENWlClL—Considerable excitement was manifested in Greenwich on Saturday even ing, at the appearance of a paper affixed to the flag-staff on the Watermen's Steam-boat pier, signed by Mr. Saunders, Sub-Conservator and Water Bailiff, giving notice to Wilkins and sixteen others that he intended to take possession of, and remove all the barges, chains, &c., composing the pier. The notice caused great surprise, as it was generally under stood that the pier had been so altered and re-constructed as to do away with all cause of complaint, and consequently that no further steps would be taken in the matter. LAUNCHING OF HER MAJESTY'S STEAMERS ANTE LOPE AND SHARPSHOOTER.--On Saturday afternoon, shortly ' after three o'clock, two superior iron steamers, named the Antelope and Sharpshooter, intended for her ifajesty's ser vice, were launched from the ship-building dep6t of Messrs. Ditchburn and Mare, Blackwell. The novelty of a double The Antelope launch excited considerable interest, and a number of spec tatorsit 1s uinderstood, in conveying assembled to witness the ceremony. will be employed principally, the mails to and from the lonia!' 1 . .. ands and other p arts o f feet, breadth for t onnage 28 the Mediterranean. Her l en gth net_ bween perpendiculars is 170 feet, keel for tonnage 155 e feet, depth of hold 18 fee t, burthen be fitted with engines of 260-horse power, by m auds , y. e The Sharpshooter is destined for the coast of : Africa, and will mount six guns, two on pivot. She IS somewh a t sma ll er than the former vessel, an d been built, it appears, has ex pressly for the peculiar tra ffic encountered o n the coast. She is 489 tons burthen, length between p er pendiculars 150 f ee t, keel for tonnage 13 2 feet , breadth for _feorr tonnage 26 feet, and ' engin A es t aNnvilel er b l e y 200- horse hoera nd liavenhill depth of hold 15 let t 9 inctes.. I -1 with . the *Admiralty flag, the power, by Miller both steamers were decorate d union jack, and others of as national a character, and on l:igh water drawing nigh, the vessels, while on the slips, were inspected by several gentlemen connected with the Ad miralty. The order was then given to l aunc h them, and they glided into their future element amid the cheering of the spectators and other demonstrations usual on such occasions. Viscount Morpeth, as Chiel. Commissioner of Woods and Forests, has appointed Mr., It J. Mackintosh, son of the late Sir James Mackintosh , to ° his Private Secretary. Sir John Cam Hobhouse, as presidentr. of the Board of Control, has appointed his brother, 131_. Hobhouse, to be his Private Secretary. The Marquis f o Gustavus Cornwall his Private Secretary.—Sunday Paper. The Chancellor of the Exchequer acknowledges the receipt of 3/. from an anonymous correspondent, on account of assessed taxes, legacy alt.)", and interest at five per cent. Sir William 11,1oleswolth has paired off with Mr. Goring for the remainder of the session, having been ordered oat of town by his medical attendant, in consequence of a violent inflammation of the eye, from Which he is just re oovoring. AMERICAN NEWS. LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY::: T11E! packet-ship Joshua Ba - es, Captain Murdock, arrived in the Mersey this morning, from Boston, bringing advices from that city to the 6th instant, from New York to the 4th, and from Washington to the 3d, inclusive. These accounts add little to the intelligence received by the Montezuma, and are chiefly engrossed with the details of the revolt in Mexico, and with the proceedings of the lower branch of Congress upon the Tariff Bill. No final or decisive vote had been come to upon this measure ; the discussion, in accordance with the pre vious resolution of the House, terminated on the 2d, and the votes were at once taken upon the various amend ments and ,•chedules proposed. Up to the dispatch of the latest accounts from Washington, however, no vote upon its adoption or rejection had been taken. We a:Alex an outline of the proceedings. A private letter expresses a belief that the Bill would pass the House of Representatives, though without the duties upon tea and coffee. The accounts from the Mexican frontiers by this arrival are unimportant ; and, with the exception of a slight collision at Tampico, nothing had occurred to disturb the momentary quiescence of the war. The affair at Tampico arose from the Mexicans, under cover of the three gunboats lying in the river, having at tempted to ertct an additional battery on the northern bank. The commander of the United States vessel St. Mary, observing this, began cannonading the works, the fire beirg returned by the gun-boats. Afterwards an ill-conducted and unsuccessful attempt was made to cut out the three gun-boats. From Matamoros we learn that General Taylor still remained in position near that town. The numbers, position, and condition of the Mexican troops remain still a matter of uncertainty. Accounts from Missouri state that, according to the rumours there afloat, the Mexican commander at Santa FS, New Mexico, had advanced with a considerable force towards the frontiers to repel the projected expe dition under Colonel Kearney. The domestic affairs of the States are uninteresting. The Washington Union publishes the articles of im peachment framed by the Executive against General Gaines. Their effect has been previously stated. Commercial letters from New York of the 4th state that there was a fair degree of activity in that cotton market on the 3d, which closed at firm prices. The sales for the week were 6,900 bales, at the following prices, namely : 4,000 bales of 2,900 bales Upland and New Orleans Florida. and Mobile. Inferior None. None. Ordinary to good ord. GO. to 7id. 6Zd. to 7 / Id. Middling to good.mid nil. to Md. -76 d. to 84d. Middling faits to fair... 7id. to Sid. 81d. to 9d. Fully fair to good fair 841 to 84d. Did. to 10d. Money remained at about the same value as by the steamer. In regard to exchange, this being a Boston packet, little or nothing was negotiated by her. The adviccs from New Orleans come down to the 25th June. The sales of cotton for the three days ending on the 24th, amounted to 6,000 bales, nearly the whole of which were taken for England. On the 23d the sales only reached about 200 bales, the receipt of the news by the Great Western rather tending to unsettle the market, but no alteration was made in the quotation of prices. Freights were SI. in Ame rican, and 11-16 d. in Btitish vessels. Exchange on London sto 74 premium. The receipts of cotton for the last four days amounted only to 1,654 bales. Tl:e journals publish a statement of the amount of Go vernment deposits in the banks on the 29th June. The sum deposited is stated at 12,484,888 dollars, of which 3,014,630 dollars had been drawn for, but the draughts had not been presented. Our accounts from Canada are meagre. A report had reached New York of a conflagration having occurred at Gaspe, resulting in the destruction of from 40 to 50 houses. The report is, however, unauthenticated. The Rochester Democrat says,— "The wheat-dealers in Montreal feel the pressure as keenly as their fellow-sufferers in the city of New York. We understand several failures have already taken place, and others are likely to follow. 'We are informed that there are over 2,000,000 dolls. due at the Montreal bank, the present month, and that most of the produce upon which dependence was placed to meet this amount is still in the warehouses of that city." The New York papers contain the following para graph : " Application having been made to the Canadian Govern ment to permit the importation of American wheat for grinding, under bond, the Inspector-General answered, that under the circumstances under which was enacted the Act 6 Victoria, chap. 38, and which the Bill introduced this session, if sanctioned by the Imperial Government, will materially effect, it has not been considered expedient to advise his Excellency to anticipate the course which the home Govern ment may think fit to adopt." The accounts from Vera Cruz reach to the IGth ult. The blockade still remained in force. The position and intentions of Paredes were unknown. Symptoms of dis- Iffection against his rule are reported as existing in Vera Cruz, and to all appearances the revolution was involving the whole country, and his fall was certain The new Congress had assembled. According to the New Orleans journals, Paredes immediately transmitted to the assembly a message strongly recommending an immediate declaration of war against the United States. The result was unknown. Letters from Mazatlan, to the 20th of May, add, that the garrison had on the 7th pronounced in favour of Santa Anna. Havannah advices of the 20th ult. state that the steamers Montezuma and Guadaloupe were about to leave for England to effect repairs. They had been re quired by the Governor to land their guns. from him, and no. doubt conveyed it to, the ofric•cra - e - Fi7ls Lifit:•7 Wig the edurt-ticartial. Examined .h'inl'on the morning of die pu , ,ishment. Gave nO direction's - dining . tWinflict ion of the punishment, - as ryas uatiecessary lor him to do so. He had t he to stop the punishment it he thought proper. He was within three yards of White, and therefore knew his condition. lie did not suffer any convulsions, nor did he make any appeal to hint; he did not feel his pulse, because it was not hecessary in the British arniv—( Laughter)—could not have been mutt soarer to him. When he was taken down, he directed .Sergeant Potter to sponge his back with warm water. Visited him at 10 o'clock the next morning, and made an entry, not every day, but every third or fourth day. His back was in a satisfactory state. Did not order him any extra diet for some days after he came into the hospital. When he first came to the hospital, he was put on low, or half diet, because he considered his condition required it. No change was made in his diet until he became ill of the disease which carried him off; it was changed to " spoon" or " fever diet," such as tea, ezc., three days before his death. Mr. WA ELEY desired the witness to repeat the entries in the book, which he did. To the 18th June he had low diet —from the 20th to the 6th of July he had low diet. On the Gth he had " spoon" diet, and two pints of extra tea. " Spoon diet" consisted of three pints of tea, and "so much bread." It was the usual fever 6iet, and was so regulated by the Medical Board. From the 22d to the 16th inclusive, fornentations were kept to his back. On the 22d, ointment and a small portion of extract of lead, which was applied with lard, or something of that kind, and which was continued until the 25th. On the 25th a number of boils appearing, poultices were ordered. On the 28th ,pening medicine was for the first time ordered, amid was the first internal medicine ordered. His back healed very rapidly for the first ten days. The discharge, which was profuse at first, had not a bad smell. Considered that he would be fit for duty on the roth or Gth of July. On the Gth there was an entry stating that the deceased complained of a pain in the region of the heart; pulse, 80; tongue clean ; bowels torpid. Mr. Warculv tlien read the evidence of Matthewson,which stated that the deceased complained of the lash when in the hospital, and attrributed his illness to the lash; to which Dr. Warren, who was present, said, three times, "It is." Dr. Warren said the statement was a falsehood The wit ness had not spoken the truth. He made no complaint to him of the pains he spoke of in his inside, and he put it to Mr. Wakley whether he could tell the pains a person suffered if he did not mention them to him? His evidence contained numerous falsehoods. Mr. WAKLEY—Perhaps he had no faith in your medical skill ? Dr. Warren said he could bring the whole regiment to state the contrary. The reason he removed White into another ward was in accordance with the directions of the Medical Board, who directed that persons labouring under medical and other cams should be kept separate. The deceased was seen by Dr. Hall once before he died. Dr. Reid assisted in performing cross-examination, and he was present at it. He treated the deceased for inflammation in the pleura and heart. There was a general order for the Medical Board to open persons who died in the army. Dr. Reid was an assistant-surgeon in the army. There were recent adhesions on the left, and old and strong adhesions on the right side of the chest in the upper and back part. The lungs were not in flamed. The pulmonary arteries were inflamed, but the pulmonary veins were but little inflamed. The liver was much enlarged, but healthy ; texture quite firm and healthy. Kidneys healthy, and of the natural size. Bladder healthy, although there had been a retention of urine. The intestines and stomach were healthy. (The certificate of the deceased's death was here handed to the witness, in which its cause was stated to be disease of the heart.) He said there was disease in the heart, which was communicated to the larger vessels. The pericardium was not in au unhealthy state. Mr. WAN:LEY—What was the cause of death? Witness — Inflammation of the heart and pleura. Mr. WAKLEY—How was that inflammation caused? Wit ness—lt is impossible to say, there are so many causes of in flammation. lie know no reason wity the stock of persons so punished is removed, excepting it protected his neck; all the men he had seen flogged had their stocks off. The witness then withdrew. Tae jury then adjourned for refreshment, until half-past two o'clock. Lieutenant-Colonel Whyte, commanding the ith Hussars at Hounslow, has had interviews with the Duke of Welling ton, Mr. Fox illaule, Secretary at War, and the Marquis of Anglesey, the former Colonel-in-Chief of the regiment, on the subject of the unfortunate occurrence. The officer in question was engaged, we understand, with the Marquis of Anglesey up to a late hour on Wednesday night last, and in the subsequent part of the week was engaged with the Com mander-in-Chief. In order that the public may be enabled to arrive at a proper conclusion, and form opinions as to the innocent and guilty parties in the transactions, the following particulars relative to military law, as well as to some of the circum stances of the case, are added. Before proceeding further, it may be well to state that Colonel Whyte is not the Colonel of the regiment, but Lieutenant-Colonel, or Commanding officer, or in other words acting Colonel, as agreeably to army usages the Colonel-in Chief of a corps never accompanies it ; and also, that although the Coroner has already had two long inquiries, at neither were two most important docu ments produced—the one being the minutes of the proceed ings of the court-martial by which the prisoner was sen tenced, and the other the list of officers who composed the same. As stated some time since, the charge preferred against the deceased was violence towards a non-commissioned officer. I.le was tried by a district or garrison court-martial, which, agreeably to the 9th Article of War, consisted of seven commis sioned officers. Of this tribunal Captain Shirley, the senior captain of the regiment, acted as president. The evidence was taken on oath, and, on the guilt of the prisoner being established and sentence passed, the finding and sentence were forwarded to the Horse Guards for confirmation. It is a mistake to suppose that the court had not power to inflict any other sentence than one of corporal punishment, as the words of the article run thus:—" And the court may sentence any soldier to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, and may also direct that such offender shall be kept in soli tary confinement for any portion or portions of such impri sonment, not exceeding 28 days at a time, nor 84 days in any year, with intervals between the periods of solitary confinement of not less duration than such periods of solitary confinement; or may sentence any soldier to corporal punish ment, not extending to life or limb, for immorality, mis behaviour, or neglect of duty. And such court may, in ad dition to either of the said punishments. sentence a soldier to forfeiture of all advantages as to additional pay, and to pen sion, or discharge, which might have otherwise accrued from the length of his former service," &c. The dame in the Queen's orders and regulations for the army relative to this infliction of capital punishment is to the following effect :—The award by a general court-martial is restricted to 290 lashes; by a district or garrison court martial to 150 lashes; and by a regimental court-martial to 100 lashes. Tlv deceased Frederick White, it will therefore be observed, received the highest penalty in the power of the court to award, as did the private illatthewson, who re ceived 100 lashes by order of a regimental court-martial, for insolence to a sergeant. In the army regulations also appear regulations to the fol lowing effect : Just discrimination is to be used by the Court in applying the quantum of punishment, whether corporal or other, to the nature and degree of the crime, so that its award may be final, and carried into effect, it being indisputable that crimes arc more effectually prevented by the certainty than by the severity of punishment, &c. Submissive, quiet, orderly conduct, and proof of contrition while undergoing punishment, are, unless the crime has been of a very aggravated character, to be favourably considered. In the case cf district court-martial, the commanding officer may, if he should see reason, recommend a partial re mission of the punishment to the general officer who ap proved the sentence. In the case of regimental courts martial, approved by himself, he has the power of using his own discretion. _ Sentence must be inflicted in the presence of the sur geon or the assistant-surgeon, who have the power of stop ping the punishment when the culprit can no longer bear it, &c. A letter, published in a provincial paper, states that the deceased, Frederick White, was the son of a very respect able man, who, some years since, held a responsible situa tion in the General Post-office, and who subsquently sett(' as postmaster at Nottingham. It adds that through the change in his parent's circumstances, and consequent dis tress, the deceased enlisted into the 2d Life Guards, which he left owing to a hurt, but subsequently entered the 7th. The colonel of the regiment, Sir William Tuyll, who was appointed a few months since, in the room of the late Sir James Kearney, is, we believe, on the Continent. The Marquis of Anglesey was colonel up to 1842, when he re ceived the command of the Blues. REPRESENTATION OE WESTNINSTER.—A report that Mr. George Thompson will start for the representation of Westminster, is freely circulated. General De Lacy Evans will not be disturbed or interfered with by the new candidate. GREENOCK AND THE EX •PREMIER.—MC traders of Greenock are about to present Sir Robert Peel with a massive silver jug, as "an expression of their gratitude for the measure iramed by him for the abolition of the corn-laws, and of their admiration of his independent, eloquent, and successful support of the principles of free trade." The presentation will be made in the course of the present week, and the deputation will be accompanied by Mr. Baine, ➢I.P. ROBBERY AT MESSRS. BARNETT AND BDARE'R.-- On Saturday, about one o'clock, a gentleman named John son went into the banking-house of Messrs. Barnett, Hoare, and Co., to receive cash for a cheque of 195/. He received bank notes to the amount of 100/., which he placed in his pocket-book, and deposited in his coat pocket. The re mainder was paid in gold, which Mr. Johnson also placed in his pocket, when he discovered that his pocket-book, with lOU in notes, was gone. This must have been stolen from him by some parties while he was counting the gold. Two or three of the swell mob had been previously observed near the spot, and as they are known the police expect shortly to have them in custody. Payment of the notes was imme diately stoppad at the Bank. THE WELLINGTON STATUE.—On Saturday the further erection of the scaffolding over the triumphal arch at Hyde park Corner, intended for the raising of the colossal statue of the Duke of Wellington, was suspended by order of, Lord Morpeth, the new Chief Commissioner of , Woods and Forests. It is now fully believed that,the site chosen by the committee, upon which several hundred pounds must have been expended, even in the present scaffolding erected, will be given up, and that the parade in St. James's-park will be the place on which this trophy to the merits of the illustrious Duke will ultimately be raised. KING'S COLLEGE HosPITAL—The first meeting of the Committee for promoting the building fund was held in the Library of King's College, cn Saturday, the Duke of Cam bridge, President of the Building Committee, in the chair. A most favourable report, with reference to the funds al ready raised (amounting to nearly 3,0001.) was read. His Royal Highness was pleased to express his interest in the success of this Hospital, and at the same time stated his in tention of doing everything in his power to foward the proposed plans for enlarging the building and increasing the usefulness of the institution. It was remarked by his Royal Higllnes, that it was most desirable that there should be a large Hospital in such a central part of the metropolis, and he expressed his astonishment that amidst a popula tion so tense there had not been, long before, any insti tution of the kind, b e t ween such distant points as Bar tholomew and Charing-cross. His Royal Highness made many particular inciciries regarding the medical school at King's College, and the business of the meeting having been completed, proceeded to inspect the various museums within the College, in all of which he seemed to take great interest. His Royal Highness was conducted over the establishment by a large body of the Governors of the Hospital; and on leaving expressed his intention of presiding again, so soon as the Committee should intimate that his presence would be of service. Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston had a spice: party to dinner last evening at their residence, in Carlton house-I errace. p: i a l d r atli lay e . from CHILD CONING TO LIFE 6 A 19th s t A . tt. an P a li tnfn . er a to t r: , the in the parish of Scareliff, en th be Elizabethead Lau la g id ht o e u rt,ofandthepassing Glassb l y l , r s u vas ng. to Talhleapc seven o'clock in the morning to eight o'clock at night, when a person, .-Chesterfield ongeingeounpr-iser. tairs, found the cumd pli o, and .0 .....c PROCEEDINGS IN CONGRESS. WASHINGTON, JULY 2.—The discussion upon the new Tariff Bill having been terminated, the Committee now pro ceeded to dispose of amendments. The on the Bill ran from Ato 11 inclusive. Mr. M'Kay moved to add another marked I, the articles in which should bear a duty of 40 per cent.—Agreed to. Schedule A (brandy, cordials, &c.) was then amended by striking out 75 per cent., and inserting 100 per cent. The House then agreed to it. Sche dule B (30 per cent.) was amended by adding thereto from other schedules of articles, viz. :—ale, beer, porter; china, earthen and stone ware; wine, tobacco, willow-splits for making baskets, hats or bonnets made of straw or satin braid ; and then agreed to as amended. Schedule D was amended by making salt duty free, by a vote of 90 to 60. Other arti cles were struck out. Schedule E was agreed to, after striking out sundry articles to be placed elsewhere. Schedules F, G, acd H were more or less amended. Schedule I was composed of such articles as cassia, cloves, sweetmeats, pre serves, fruits of any kind, nutmegs, cigars, snuffs, manufac tured tobacco, and wines. Tea, coffee, and salt were made free al tides by a vote of 104 to 60, and the fishing bounties were repealed by 107 to 69. The committee then rose. JULY 3.—The Bill to reduce the tariff was again discussed, and various amendments offered, some of which passed and others were rejected. Mr. Hungerford's substitute was ver bally amended, and then rejected. The Committee rose and reported the Bill, as amended, to the House. The previous question was then moved and sustained by the House, by a vote of 112 to 96. Salt was struck out of the 20 per cent. schedule by a vote of 105 to 95. A motion was then made to re-consider; yeas 101, nays 105. Great sensation pro duced. The Speaker could not keep Members in their seats. The next question was on putting salt on the list of free articles, which was carried ; yeas 105, nays 104. The Speaker was then called upon to vote, and he voted no, and declared the motion lost. A motion was then made to re consider, and the yeas and nays were being taken as the latest dispatch closed. LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY MORNING, NINE A.M. By the arrival in the Mersey, this morning, of the packet ship Independence, from New York, we have re ceived advices from that city to the 7th inst. The com mercial accounts note no change. Nothing later has been received from Mexico by this ship. The accounts from Washington are to the Gth inst. On the 4th the Tariff Bill was received in the Senate from the House. Mr. Sevier moved that it be printed and made the special order for Monday next. The motion was divided, and the resolution for print ing was adopted. _ _ Mr. Evans then moved its reference to the Finance Committee. Mr. Sevier called for "yeas" and " nays," and op posed the reference, because the Members of the Finance Committee were absent. Mr. Speight had gone to North Carolina, and might not return before the end of the session. Mr. Evans thought that if that was the reason, then it was a reason why no more business should be referred to that committee, and why they should be discharged from the business before them. Mr. Morehead thought it very unusual to make a Bill of this magnitude the order for so early a day, without reference, and without examination of its details. Mr. Sevier saw no good result from a reference. He wanted early action. The committee could not report on all the items under three weeks, if per mitted. They w ere equa ll y di v id ed, and how could they be expected to report it back? Mr. Allen said, it was perfectly well known that mem bers of committees present were equally divided on the subject; and said that the vacancy could not be filled. No senators on this side would object to it. He said if the Bill were referred, he would consider it equivalent to its defeat. Senator Niles (Democrat) expressed himself opposed to the bill in Coto. He should vote against it, and take the responsibility. The motion to refer was lost by a majority of 2. Ayes, 22 ; noes, 14. The Bill was then made the special order for Monday, and 300 extra copies ordered to be printed. A number of private Bills were ordered to be engrossed. The Land Graduation Bill was then taken up. Mr. Calhoun explained the substitute which he offered. The debate was continued by Messrs. J. Clayton, Benton, Crittenden, and Calhoun ; and, without coming to any action, the Senate adjourned. In the House of Representatives some discussion took place on the "edges of the tariff." Mr. M'Goughy moved to have the journal corrected, so as to give the full proceedings of the House on Fri day last in relation to the duty on salt, the Speaker's vote included. The Chairman decided the motion to be out of order. Mr. 11IiGoughy appealed from the decision. Mr. Coble moved to lay the appeal on the table, which the majoritynew 114 at to it passed the House on the 3d, wasT The e gr N eed ew t. y o ork Y p ea a s p , 90; nays, erspublisbh 52. ya 95. It is divided into twelve sections. The following is an analysis of the document:— The first section contains a preamble of the measure, then follows the cost of articles under the var i ous ra t es of duty to be imposed, viz. :—First, those that are to pay a duty of 100 per cent., (Id valorem, such as brandy and other spirits distilled from grain or other materials, &c. Second, articles to pay a duty of 40 per cent., in which are fish preserved in oil, composition tops for tables, or other articles of furniture, wines, &c. Third, to pay a duty of 30 per cent., ad valorem—alabaster,: German silver plate, ale, beer, or porter, in casks or bottled, walk ing -sticks, china, earthenware, &c. Fourth, to pay a duty of 25 per cent., ad valorem. Under this tax, among other articles, are buttons and button moulds of all kinds, several descriptions of drugs, cables, cord age, tarred or otherwise, 'cotton laces, cotton insertings, cotton trimming laces, cotton laces and braids, manu factures composed wholly of cotton, not otherwise pro vided for ; manufactures of _goats' hair 9X.mobair, ; matting, Chinese-and other floor matting, and matting made of flags, jute, or grass ; manufattures of silk, or . of which silk shall be a component material, not otherwise provided for ; manufactures of 'worsted, or of which worsted shall be a component material, not otherwise provided for ; slates, other than roofing slates ; woollen and worsted yarn. Fifth, articles to pay a daty of 20 per cent. Sixth, articles to pay a duty -of 15 per cent. Seventh, articreS to pay a duty of 10 per cent: ad valorem, in which are included books, printed magazines, pamph lets, periodicals, and illustrated newspapers, bound or unbound ; hempseed, li nsee d; an d ra p esee d, £c. . ; Ara-' bic, East India, Senna), &c., gums ; furs ; tallow, soap stocks and soap stuffs ; chronometers, watches, and,parts of watches, &c. Eighth, to pay , a duty of 5 per cent. Ninth, articles free of duty. Sec. 3 further enacts that from and after the Ist of December, there shall be levied, collected, and paid on all goods, wares, and merchandise imported from fOreign countries, and not especially provided for in this Act, a duty of 20 pet cent. ad valorem. Sec. 4 provide; for the weighing or measuring efgoods, when such is not contained in the invoice or entry. Sec. 5 allows a drawback in the duty on pickled fish of the fisheries of the_ United States equal to the amount of duty paid for salt, if said fish be cured with foreign salt. See. 6 fixes the 2d of Decemberfor the commencement of the Act. Sec. 7 authorises goods from the America side of the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn to remain in the pub lic stores (if so desired) for one year, instead of 90 days, as enacted by the Act of 1842. Sec. 8 enacts, that in no instance shall the duty be as sured upon an amount less than the invoice value. Owners, consignees, or agents of imports which have been actually purchased, may, on entry of the same, make such addition in the entry to the cost or value given in the invoice as in his opinion may raise the same to the true market value of such imports in the prin cipal markets of the country whence the importation shall have been made, &c., and add thereto all costs and charges which, under existing laws, would form part of the true value at the port where the same may be en tered, upon which the duties should be assessed. Sec. 9. Value of goods may be appraised, should the Custom-house authorities deem them entered at too small an amount ; and in case the United States ap praisers shall deem them under value, the collector of the district to have power to sell the said goods by auc tion within twenty days, for an attempt to defraud the United States Customs. Sec. 10 relates to appointment of officers under the Act, who will be required to take an oath of office. Sec. 11 prohibits all persons connected with the Ame rican navy, in any ship of the United States, importing any article subject to duties specified above, &c. LITERATURE. THE WORKS OF WALTER SAVAGE LAIVDOR. 2 Vols. Without enjoying one tittle of their immediate popu larity, the writings of Walter Savage Landor will sur vive those of many hundreds of his contemporary authors. Convinced of this fact, and regarding him as one of our old familiar favourites, it is with an unusual feeling of satisfaction that we observe the productions of this extraordinary man collected together in such a goodly shape, and of such substantial dimensions. The intellect of Landor is altogether without a parallel; it is a combination of subtleties and solidities; it is at once peculiarly imaginative and peculiarly matter-of - - fact. From the circumstance, however, of his never struggling to propitiate the multitude, either in so flavouring his compositions as to consort with their palate, or in modifying his own particular views upon the bias of their opinions, he never has obtained, and possibly never will obtain, any remarkable degree of popularity. Landor has not gone out of his way one jot to seek the sympathies of others; he has not followed the common track; he has proceeded along his own peculiar pathway apparently indifferent to, or careless of, anyenthusiastic approbation. Those who have sympathised with him have gone expressly out of their ordinary course for the purpose of doing so. Nevertheless, in despite of this enormous disadvantage, the writings of Mr. Landor have gained him many earnest admirers. The produc tions with which his name has become peculiarly asso ciated, and which are in truth among the most remark able literary performances of this half century, are the Imaginary Conversations. In these 4 he has adventured much; their very conception was an audacity, but they have proved to an eminent degree successful. They dis play in the writer a very extraordinary appreciation of character, a keen perception, and an astute identifica tion of the idiosyncracies of the most remarkable personages mentioned in history. And though occa sionally the masquerade costume slips off the shoulder, revealing Landor under the cowl of Fra Fillippo, or the surcoat of Henry VIII., or the toga of Lucian, or the doublet of Cromwell, the illusion is on the average com. plete, and the simple gentleman of the nineteenth cen tury is forgotten in the heroes and heroines of antiquity. Occasionally, we have said, the deception is overlooked. and the author speaks instead of the character he is en deavouring to delineate ; and hence it is, possibly, that we conceive those Conversations to be the most brilliant and unflavoured in which Mr. Landor himself takes an avowed part. He is then no longer cramped by the consciousness that he is merely " acting" ; the ima gination is unfettered by conventionalities; then, indeed, he will talk—" Ye Gods ! how he will talk!" As these ffuscions are already tolerably familiar to most people, from their periodical appearance in Blackwood's Magazine and elsewhere, it would be superfluous to 'particularise all those excellencies with which they are so unquestionably and so asknowledgedly exuberant. If they have one characteristic more strongly developed than another it is wit—real, genuine, golden wit. From them we could cull a superb volume of epigrammatic sentences, witty sayings; novel and startling truths, clothed in the dain tiest diction, and perfect jewels of poetical thought and fanciful illustration. Here is one, taken literally hap hazzird : it is a definition of the eloquence of Plato— vide vol. ii p. 25 —" Certainly there was never so much eloquence with so little animation. W hen be has heated his oven he forgets to put the bread into it ; instead of which he throws in another bundle of faggots. His words and sentences are often too large for the place they occupy. If a water-mellon is not to be placed in an oyster-shell, neither is a grain of millet in a golden salver. At high festi vals a full band may enter : ordinary conversation goes on better without it." In writing after the fashion he has herein adopted, Landor reminds us of one of those great men he makes Michael-Angelo Buonarroti describe as " coming spontaneously forward, and moving with the multitude from the front, stilling the voice of the ceyer, and scattering the plumes of the imposter." The in tellect of our author retains, however, one grievous and monstrous blemish—one that obtrudes its obnoxioui presence even in his choicest passages, - jarring in amongst the music of his tongue, and poisoning the most gorgeous flowers of his fancy. That blemish is prejudice. There are personages, circumstances, prin ciples, and occurrences which. Landor cannot bshold except through a curtain of prejudice ; his view of them is blurred, and smutched, and clouded by partiality. He thinks strongly and independently,. in some instances clearly, but in others he won't listen to anything but the dictates of his blind preconceptions. Every nook and crevice and inlet of his mind are at , these moments stuffed . up against the pleadings of reason and common sense. In Lord Brougham he altogether denies the existence of genius, likening him to a bag pipe " followed by vile animals in fantastical dresses and antic gestures, and surrounded :by the clamorous and disorderly !"' In Napoleon he sees only " what you would ridicule in a gipsy on the road-aide," and figura tively considers that he " was pushed into a menagerie of monkeys, and fainted at their grimaces!" What on earth does Mr. Laador mean by those senseless anti thesis, where he says that in Napoleon'il latter years of power "he fought without aim, van quished. without glory, and perished without defeat ?" What on earth is their meaning ? " He fought without aim ;". was the preservation of the greatest empire man ever created nothing to aim. for ? was the annihilation,of legitin3acy nothing to aim for ? was the destruction of those foreign armies who were struggling to force a king on the French people against their will nothing to aim for ? "He was vanquished without glory" ; were Lutzen, Bautzen, Champ-Aubert, Montmirail, Chatteau-Thierry, Vatichamps, and Liguy inglorious ? was the triumphal passage from Elba to the Tuileries inglorious ? was the Champ de Mai, where he virtually proclaimed himself a republican emperor, in glorious ? "He perished without defeat"—that, at least, is true ; we grant that, but with a different inference from that intended. Such are the stolid and wilful pre judices of Walter Savage Landor ; but, • 'even thus tarnished, his imaginary Conversations will live ; they are animated with an abundance of senti ments. sarcasm, drollery, reflectiveness, wisdom, and • (as we have said heloze) wit. Besides all this they have the nerve of originality. Amongst his other compositions, the " Citation and Examination of William Shakspere" is the most ingenious and the most venturesome. In the characters of Sir Thomas Lucy and Sir Silas Gough, before whom young Willy is examined for deer-stealing, we recognise the pre figuring of Justice Shallow and Sir Hugh Evans. The scene is pourtrayed with admirable finesse, and the shreWd, pert, adroit, and sarcastic retorts of Shakspere are scarcely unworthy of having really proceeded from his lips on that occasion. .' The Pentameron," again, is a marvellous performance : it is the communion of such souls as those of Boccaccio and Petrarch. There is an idealism and an indistinctness about the tone of their converse which imparts to the whole an elevation and a, pathos wholly indefinable, but no less manifest to the reader. In the " Pericles and Aspasia" on the contrary, there is a blithesomeness and a bloom which is utterly irresistible ; it is a 'combination of the beautiful and the pure, and yet without any diminution of human interest. It revives to us the days of classic Greece, when Alci biades was a boy, when the death of Clytenmestra was shuddered at in the amphitheatres, when those lascivious old dieties of Olympus were believed in and worshipped, and when Cleone bent over her tablets of wax to trace a letter to Aspasia. As a poet we do not, under correc tion, conceive that Walter Savage Landor will stand upon any very exalted pedestal. Yet are the Hellenics of exquisite music, and the Gebi of most choice and beautiful conception. We might also, if such were our object, collate many delicious frag ments of verse from the " Acts and Scenes" which are grouped together towards the conclusion of the second volume. But there is no one poem which can be classed with the masterpieces in our language, and hence we consider Lander as destined to obtain no very , extra- ordinary fame as a bard. Here is a charming ()oncei t; worthy of Herrick Often have I beard it said That her lips were ruby-red. Little heed I what they say, I have seen as red as they. Ere she smiled on other men, Real rubies were they then. "When she kist me once in play, Rubies were less bright than they, And less bright were those which shone In - the palace of the sun. Will they be as bright again ? Not if kist by other men! Throughout his writings, Landor betrays little affects• tions, such as the peculiar spelling of sovranty, and the splitting asunder of the word can not ; but such trivial eccentricities we are almost inclined to welcome in the shape, as it were, of authentications. His verses to Charles Dickens, Robert Browning, Barry Cornwall, Macaulay, and John Forster, indicate his readiness to lavish generous applause upon contemporary bookmen-- no mean sign that his heart is pure and sound. These 'two volumes by Walter Savage Landor are infinitely above the ordinary stamp ; they will live in the libraries and be read by the students of posterity. A HISTORY OF INVENTIONS, DISCOVE RIES, AND ORIGINS. By John Beckmann, Professor of Economy in the University of Gottingen. . This, the first volume of a reprint of Johnston's trans lation of Beckmann's celebrated work " the History of Inventions," a work which may be classed as a com pbund of learned research and light reading, suitable both to the popular reader and the scholar, forms one of the numbcrs of Bohu's Standard Lib' ary a series in every way worthy of its title. The revision of this edition has been confided to the care of Drs. Francis and Griffith, who, by the alteration of names, characters, descriptions, and opinions which have become obsolete, or have been discovered to be erroneous, and by numerous additions where such were required, have rendered the work com pletely au niveau . des connafssances actuclles. MILITARY FLOGGING. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sitt,—ln the hope that a statement of facts, which came under my own observation, may tend to strengthen the argument of yourself and others, who are desirous of abolish ing the horrid system of flogging in the navy and army, or, at all events, of preventing any tyrant, who may happen to be placed in the command of any ship of war, from flogging any person without a regular trial by competent authority, I beg to submit the following:— During the late war, I was surgeon of a ship in the royal navy ; that ship (on one occasion) sailed from Spithead in the evening (I avoid dates and names), and as soon as we had got clear of the land the captain went round the decks to see that all was in order, when finding an empty cheese cask on the deck, he immediately had the boatswain's mate (whose duty it was to have had the said cask struck down into the hold) and the unfortunate purser's steward (who had committed no offence, but had emptied the cask in the line of his duty), to be tied up and flogged by lanthorn light. without even turning up the ship's company and officers, or requiring the presence of the surgeon, to witness the punish ment. For such conduct the captain ought to have been dismissed the service, but in those days, if anyone complained of his captain he was sure to have his promotion stopped, and many acts of tyranny and oppression were suffered to pass unpunished in consequence thereof. Whilst cruising in the same ship, a seaman being danger ously ill with fever, and the weather being very hot, I repre sented to the captain the necessity of having the sick man placed in a cool, airy place, and he was accordingly placed in a screened berth under the half deck. We one day fell in with another man of war, whose captain (an Honourable) came on board to visit our captain, when seeing this screened berth, he asked what it was for? and our captain informed him that the surgeon had considered it necessary for the preservation of the man's life. The Hon. Captain replied, "Put him down into the cockpit, let him die and be d—d." And this man is now, I believe, a member of the House of Lords.—l remain, Sir, &c. July 26. MEDICUS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin, —As Mr. Fox Mettle appears to treat the subject of military flogging so lightly, in reply to the humane inquiry proposed by Dr. Bowring in the Commons' House of Parlia ment, permit me to propose that the Hon. Member be re quested to receive only twenty-five lashes, instead of 150, from the same military butchers who so generously but chered poor White, and then perhaps the Hon. Member will speak of military flogging in a much more feeling and humane way, and will doubtlessly use his Parliamentary influence for its immediate and total abolition. Military flogging has verylongbeen considered as a disgrace to a civilised, professing Christian country, by every reason able and thinking individual. Is there a man in England who will dare to swear that poor White's death was not caused by the flogging? Would he have died without the flogging? That is the question for Mr. Fox Maule to an swer, and the people of England will be satisfied as regards poor White----I am, Sir, &c., July 24, 1846. A CONSTANT READER. TO THE LORD JOHN RUSSELL, &c. My Lord, —I again address you on behalf of my brother colonists, for the delay of the objectionable measure now be fore the House places another day at my disposal. My Position as the representative of a Liberal constituency and division of an important county demands that thero should be nothing left to conjecture which may elucidate my severance from your Lordship at a time when there is L.. 3 much confusion in the State. My duty to my country, county, to you, my long adopted leader, and to myself, alike call for the most ample explanation. I still draw my eiposition from the- colony with which I am so well acquainted. In Berbice there have been 472 sugar estates granted for cultivation, extending over the dis tance, more or less, of 250 miles up the river. Of these all are now abandoned but 35. These 35 estate: in the last year made 8,800 hogsheads of sugar; and if you will permit us to obtain labourers for our hire, these estates can be made forthwith to return 35,000 hogsheads of sugar, buildings and conveniences on the spot. It I understand you correctly, you stated that all the free colonterktogether were incapable of supplying the sugar re quired for the mother country; but, on consideration, you will see that my colony of lierbice, let alone her sisters in British Guiana, Demerara, and Essequibo, if simply placed ire due position to receive your free , trade principles, would cover a vsst extent of the demand. The 472 estates quoted by me, extending over 259,500 acres, every other acre being made to return one hogshead of sugar, would give, errors excepted, about 130,000 hogsheads, for home consumption. If this would be the case, and my argument be correct, why are the constituencies of this country to be led astray by the assertion that we, the colonial children, are unable to maintain our parent in the sugar she requires to reduce her prices and keep her alive without the free admission of the produce'of the foreign slave? Test our capabilities by affording us the full and fair means of honest exertion and emulation, and if we are found wanting, then dismiss us as an useless appendage to a great nation, but do not condemn us without a trial. I bow, my Lord, to your decision, that the cry of immo rality cannot be fairly raised to prevent the admission of slave sugar; we have transgressed all moral defences on that head too much in cotton, wool, &c., to make such reasoning avail us now ; and I, for one, will wear on my arm no shield with the durability of which I am not conscientiously ac quainted. 1 simply. and steadily call on you, my Lord, for protection, and for protection only, till you enable us to obtain labour and render it available. Your relieving us from local restrictions in our markets, though it sounds well in the ears of casual listeners, and people unacquainted with the true worth of the relief, is scarce a boon at all when compared with the injury and ruin your political measure will inflict upon the helpless, who cry alone for simple justice. Unless we have labour, all you offer is but as a drs,p of moisture thrown into the ocean; you gifts will be lost and swallowed up without raising the, tide of our affairs above the miserable low-water mart to which it has been so long and ruinously levelled. Had labour been afforded us, as I prayed that it might have been, in 1840, by this time Berbice would have been a flourishing colony, ready to receive and embrace your free trade principles, well able to compete with all the nations in the' world from sources sanctioned by law human and divine, an, honour to herself, and a - splendid support to the mother country. The navy might have been manned from her sailor school, and her innate colonial demand for the manu factures of this country been of the most remunerative de scription. We, the West India body, have been reduced by faulty legislation to an evil, instead of kept as a benefit ; and, my Lord, though I say it with respect for the good intention which prompted the gift, the inefficient compensationlmoney awarded to us as the price of our reft labour did us ti or no good, while it put into the mouths of our ignoran t re vilers gl a st b r y ug -wo e ll for the taunt of having sold ourselves from future I do not hesitate to charge against the splendid fact of abolition of slavery that, under legislative error,_ it has b een made to increase the horrors arisin g from forcible man-cap ture instead of diminishing them. I affirm that a wide and general free-labour system would have done more to diminish the trade in slaves than all the cruisers placed upon the various stations put together. While it is not yet too late let me impress upon the Go vernment tne crying necessity for a system of free labour, guarded as you like, but full, free, and sufficient for all pur poses of culture. I call on you, my Lord, for it, in strict ac cordance with your liberal principles! Let the market be open, let us be free to procure labourers whencesoever they will come. Tour door at home is not shut against the artisan from any country, though you need them but for luxury; the foreigner in the colony is necessary to our very existence; then we have a better right that he should be admitted. We demand that the Croomen, and all other free tribes, of what soever sort or locality, shall be allowed to accept our offers 4' t h e y approve of them, you, my Lord, taking good and suffi cient care that your immigration agents in all the British colonies should watch over and carry out the fair principles of free-agency between the employer and employed.—Your most obedient humble servant, GRANTLEY P. BERKELEY. Berkeley House, July 24. DEATH OF Slit ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, BART.--We have to record the decease of the above Baronet, who expired at Garscube, North Britain, on Thursday, at the advanced age of 77 years. The deceased was son of the first Baronet, the Lord 'President of the Council of Session, better known as Lord Succoth. Ile was born in 1769, and married in 1795 Miss Balfour, eldest daughter of Mr. James Balfour, of Bal birnie, Fifeshire. In 1809 he was appointed a Lord of Ses sion, when he assumed the title of Lord Succoth, and subse quently was made Lord of Justiciary. In 1823 he succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father, and in the fol lowing year resigned his appointments on a pension. The late Baronet is succeeded in the baronetcy and family estates in Dumbartonshire by his eldest son, now Sir John Camp bell, born in 1798, and married in 1824 to Miss Sitwell, daughter of Mr. F. Sitwell. THE GOODWOOD Cur.—This piece of plate, which has just been completed by Vile Messrs. Garrard, of the Hay market, from the desii of Mr. Cotterill, is an exceedingly rich and elegant Yam The lower portion consists of a nobly shaped cup, and the upper of a flagon, around which is re pretonted, in complete relief, the picturesque mythological tale of Perseus rescuing Andromeda from the sea monster. This is executed in Mr. Cotterill's best manner. The grace ful form of Andromeda, the beauty and spirit of Pegasus, and the terrible figure of the sea monster, form rich and agreeable contrasts; and the artist has displayed great judgment in so balancing the different masses of the compo sition that whatever view is taken of the vase it presents a symmetrical, though diversified figure. The whole is richly adorned with tastefully designed and elaborately finished ornaments; and the Goodwood Cup of this season may safely be pronounced one of the most chaste and elegant racing plates which have been produced of late years. ba o af _ r 1 1 ') It e the 0 5 1 to 00 1: 0 , 3 "oc, ci b rti r 1