The Sun. — London, England, 1846-04-16 00:00:00

twenty-ihree sloops, two sea steamers, eight brigs and schooners ,two harbour steamers, and four store ships. The cost of preparing this fore° is estimated at 625,000 dollars. On the stocks there are four ships of the line; three frigates and two sloops of war; one ship of the line par tially finished at Sackett's Harbour and Lake Ontario; one steamer is building at Pittsburg, and anoth€r has been contracted tor with Mr. Stevens, of New York. The cost of c )mpleting such of these as can be finished, is estimated at 2,955,000 dollars. The heads of bureaus specified certain additional sup plies that would be necessary to the fitting out of the vessels in question, and estimated the aggregate cost of the same at 10,600,000 dollars. They stated that the augmentation which it was be lieved the proposed objects imperatively required, would be the addition of three sea steamers of the class of the Mississippi ; of five frigates, and six sloops with steam propellers in aid of their sails; 28 coast steamers, of about 600 tons, with arrangements for moving along the coast with safety, to carry two heavy guns and eight or ten days' fuel; 12 smaller coast steamers, calculated to carry one heavy gun, for the navigation and protection of the sounds and passages which skirt the Southern Atlantic States, and those of the States bordering on the Gulf of Mexico; that one steamer be provided for the protection of the Lakes Michigan and Huron; and 13 new sloops, to be fitted with sails only, or with sails and steam combined. The probable expense of this proposed additional force was estimated as follows : - Dollar=. Dollars. 3 sea steamers at 2 8 coast and lake ditto 1 2 small coast ditto 60,000 ++720,000 5 frigat es w ith s t eam 530,000 ++2,650,000 6 sloops with steam 12 frigates, if with sails only 340,000 „ 4,080,000 9 sloops Making a total of 16,190,000 To which add for ordnance and other stores 1,030,000 Gives _ 17,220,000 _ _ Such, in substance, was the character of the recom mendations and estimates furnished the Committees of Congress by the Secretary of the Navy—and which the President says, in his message, in reply to Mr. Dayton's resolution, met with his sanction. Now, the question is which of the two sets of proposi tions and recommendations met with the President's sanction ? The recommendation of the Secretary for 10 steamers, or that of the heads of bureaus for-40 ? LATEST FROM WASHINGTON. IMPORTANT AND PACIFIC SPEECH - OF MR. WEBSTER. WASHINGTON, MARCH 30. The resolution calling upon the President of the United States for any additional correspondence upon the Oregon question was the prominent business in order before the Senate during the morning hour. Mr. Webster suggested to Mr. Clayton, the author of the resolution, that it should not be passed. There had been no doubt letters received from the American Minis ter at London. He judged so from the strenuous oppo sition of the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations to the resolution. The Government, it might he presumed, was in possession of information which it did not care to communicate to Congress. He hoped, however, that all the information desired and necessary to an intelligent action upon the subject would be com municated before the vote was taken upon the Bill. Mr. Webster enlarged upon the merits of the question, and reminded the Senate of the frequent offers which had been made to compromise it upon the line of 49 degrees. The 49th was a line south of. which England could not allow herself to expect any territory; while the navigation of the Columbia, for a limited period, was a fit subject for friendly negotiation. The strongest reasons addressed themselves to both countries for an amicable adjustment, and the present was a most pro pitious moment for the settlement of this long-pending c ontroversy. The line eventually agreed upon would undoubtedly be the one which had been proposed by this country many times, and his wish was that the whole controversy might be settled here and now. The country, he earnestly desired, should at once set about a friendly negotiation 'of the question. The question of notice,. he hoped, would be postponed - for one month, in order to Word time for negotiations.' Mr. Allen said the. discussion commenced three weeks ago in claiming the Whole of Oregon. It got down three Weeks ago to 49. It was now proposed to give up the Columbia river, and he supposed that in three .weeks More the proposition would be to surrender all north of ate Columbia river. Soon after, he supposed, we should )e ready to give up the whole rather than go to war. - Mr. Hannegan—Better that than go the Columbia. Mr. Allen said diet all we lost would be by the delay if the Senate._ Mr. Webster said, he had not said one word in'favour if yielding the free navigation of the Columbia. If he line of forty-nine was agreed upon, he supposed hat the navikationlif the river might" be yielded- for a limited peried. Mr. Clayton said he would not press the resolution to vote or action upon it. He thought the information ailed for should be communicated, but :whether it came not, ho should vote for the notice, and putting an end 0 the convention of 1827. The Oregon debate was then renewed upon the main iuestion of notice, and Mr. Barrows, of Louisiana, addressed the Senate in strong. - patriotic, and common-sense speech on the thole subject. He was in favour of compromise upon irty-nine,and gave a very searching review of the policy of the Administration. Mr. Fairfield laid before the Senate the long-con ealed estimates from the Navy Department; now, how ver, sufficiently known to the public, and the Senate hen adjonined. The Sub-Treasury and the Tariff Bills have not yet een presented to the House of Representatives, where ley must, according to the Constitution, originate, lthoug,h Congress has been in session nearly four tonths. These measures, which are, without doubt, ie most important of the session, are in a fair way of eing put off until the last moment, or, perhaps, carried ver into another term. The latest news from Washington shows that all eyes re now turned towards the Senate, an the changing tews of the President on the important question hieh now engrosses public attention, are deemed as of ut little importance, when brought into comparison with is probable action of that body ; for, after all, although le President may embarrass the settlement of the gues !) by his duplex policy, and his ignorant blundering, se alternate decision of the question is with the Senate. P th at body shall by a decided expression of opinion in as sing the notice, recommend negotiation and compro- Ilse, the point of etiquette must be waived and neg otia ons be resum e d. A n d if, w h at i s not improbable, the enate shall by a large majority either express its ap royal of the forty-ninth parallel, or recommend its re mai, those negotiations would be resumed with ev e ry broughtrobability of being to a pacific and s a ti s f actory ijustment of the questio n. In regard to the effect produced b y the jq. publication of se Message, the New York Courier an d It has been universal l y re ceived as a document er of sa r ttle importance. It se ems n ot to have increased in a n 'lgree or in any quart er the a pp rehe nsion of war. Stocks, nevertheless, seem to have declined very per eptibly upon the receipt of the news at New York. Mr. Calhoun's speech in the Senate on the Oregon Luestion, on the 16th, excited very general attention. Ie regards the proposition to give the notice as of little "nportance now, because the sentiment of the country emands the pacific settlement of the dispute ; and Ithough he said that nothing could induce him to vote 3r the naked notice, as proposed by the Administration, e thinks it not at all unl!kely that be may vote for the otice, as modified in the resolutions of Mr. Colquitt. The army of occupation in Texas, which at the last ccounts was giving symptoms of an advance, had moved rom Corpus Christi towards the Rio Grande. It was aid that General Taylor's orders were positive to cross he Rio Grande, and penetrate the Mexican territory, hould he encounter any opposition from the Mexicans his march to that river. Numerous reports appear hroughout the papers of " large bodies of Mexicans" Laying advanced to oppose the march of the United itates army, but they were entitled to little or no redif. The United States squadron had also resumed its ormer station in the Gulph of Mexico. The Mexican news is not important ; no change had aken place in the Government with the exception of he substitution of Senor Tornel for General Almonte, ►s Secretary at War. The New York papers say that he project of a Spanish Prince on the throne of dexico, which Was 'noticed by the Tiempo, was ill re- The Courieran d Inquire r h as severa l rat h er severe irticles on thisnew movement. It i n ti ma t es that whoever supports such a So also says th e project quarrels with the United States. were Washingto n Union. In the meantime -rumou rs pretty generally credited that Santa Anna would besoooonback in M ex i co with a good chance of succeeding in a counter-revolution, with and that he has a full understandingthe United States as to the terms of settlement of all points hi dis pute, including Texas and California. The New York papers comment severely up on t h e procl ama tion of the Governor-General of Indi a , in whic h the P un j au b w as annexed to the Indian possessions. One of. th em says, " And yct England denounces the annexa tion of Texas as an act of rapacity, and as an evidence of aggrandisement and ambition which the leading Powers of Europe are called upon to combine against and resist." The Henry. Clay,. 1,400 tons, and the finest and largest le aael belonging to New York, went on shore thirty miles from that city in a tremendous gale on the night or the 24th ult. The sea made a complete breach over he r, and the masts were all immediately cut away. Six n boat, were drowned in attempting to go ashore in a ! at ' two sailors, two steerage, and two second cabin ts; B sengera. • Th e s hi p was va lued at 90,000 dolls., and goo e , ear go, which was light, was mostly insured. A ou`u Part had, however, at the last account, been got a sound condition, and the ship might probably scr 6 ut off when the whole of hercargo was out. All the 4 g° remai n i ng i n t h e ship at the l ast accounts was i n a trm_ged conditi on . There were about 300 people on v4 rd, mostly emigrants, all o whom were saved except I 1 the six persons before alluded t 1 . ! The vessel, if it could ' be got off, would be taken to New York. The trial of Tyrrell, for the murder of Maria Bick ford, had taken place; when the jury, in the face of most conclusive evidence, acquitted the prisoner. Somnam bulistn was the plea of defence. The jury, however, stated that that did not influence them. They did not consider the case as proved. Objection to capital punishments was surmised to be the cause of his ac quittal. It was an aggravated case. A shocking massacre had taken place at Auburr, New York. A negro entered the house of a Mr. Van Nest, and murdered the whole family, consisting of five per sons. Ravenge was his object, he said. Commodore Crane, of the United States navy, had committed suicide. Great floods and consequent damage bad taken place at Buffalo, New York, at Albany, and in the interior of Pennsylvania. An immerse amotmt of damage was sustained. Several of the Lake steam-boats were crushed to pieces by the ice at Buffalo. Tt,e cost of repairing the damage occasioned to the public works of Pennsylvania by these floods, which will amount to about 112,000 dolls., and the loss of tolls consequent upon not opening the canals at the usual time may, it was apprehended, interfere with the pay ment of the August dividend of the State debt. This was, however, merely a conjecture. Pennsylvania Five per Cents. were quoted at New York on the 31st at 694 to 70. The spring business at New York was progressing fairly, though the position of the Oregon and Mexican questions caused frequently rather an uneasy feeling affecting all business more or less. The news from England of the final decision of Parliament on Sir R. Peel's Bill was anxiously looked for. The Stock Market was lower. United States Six per Cents., which sold when the late steamer left at 1111, could scarcely find a buyer at 110. EXCHANGE.—London, 109+ to 110 ; Paris, 5 261 to 5 23/ ; Amsterdam, 39+ to 394 ; Hamburgh, 35i to 354 ; Bremen, 781 to 791—at which rates a large business was doing in English Exchange. MONEY MARKET, MARCH 31, P.M.—Stocks continued in a very unsettled state, and there is not likely to be much change in the market until after the arrival of the foreign news, which may be expected on Thursday morning. Money is tight, and the banks are cautious. There is a rumour to-day that the Sub-Treasury Bill is about to pass, though what will be its immediate effect upon the monetary affairs of the country is not easy to determine. One party looks to it with hope, and the other with despair. It is safe to say that at present matters at Washington do not look at all encouraging. There is nothing settled in the policy of the Administra. tion, and business men seem to be in a quandary. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, MARCH 30. _ _ The sales of cotton to-day have been moderate—ma nufacturershave taken a few lots of the finer qualities, for which prices range as high as they were before the arrival of the Hibernia; the lower qualities, however, are sold for' export at a decline of i tot- from those rates. The total sales since the 27th ult. amount to 15,600 bales. We quoted Upland, very ordinary to middling, 64 cents. to 7 4 cents. fair to good fair and good, 81 cents. to 9 cents. and 91 cents. per lb.'; Tenessee and Aloha mas, 7 to 81; Mobiles, Louisianas, &c., ordinary to mid., 7 cents. to 84 cents; fair to good fair, 91 cents. to 104 cents.; good and fine, 11 cents. to 121 cents. per lb. Flour, &c.—Western Canal flour is dull of Sale ; Ge= nesse is offered at 5,50 dols. but shippers do not come forward at that price'; Alexandria, Friedericksburg, &c., may be quoted at 5,121 dols. to 5 dols.; Baltimore 5,121 dols. ; Georgetown, 5,121 dols. to 5,25 dols. ; Brandywine, 5,371 dols. to 5,50 dols. ; Richmond City Mills, 6,50 dols. Rye 'flour, 3,50 dols. Corn meal, 3,371 dols. to 3,50 dots. in barrels, and 15,75 dols. to 16 dols. in tierces. Wheat is held at 1,10 dots. to 1,20 dols. Rye 80 to soi cents. Sales of corn are made at 67 to 68 cents. The receipts of flour to-day, vid North River, amount to 4;969 bales. • • 50 tierces Pennsylvania Clover Seed (clean) sold at 9c. Provisions are steady. New Mess Pork commands 11 dols. to 11 dols. 50,.. • There is but little old in mar ket. New is held at 9 dols. 50c. to 10 dols. Beef is firm, with a moderate stock. Lard is dull at 7c. in bar rels, and 7-1-c. in kegs. Cheese 71c. to 81c. Butter is dull , and with an accumulating stock. Prices continue to have a downward tendency. Orange Co. is heavy at 15c. to 18c.; Western Dairy, 12c. to 14e.; Interior and Grease, 8 e to 10c. Ashes.—Pots are dull—a few sales of last year's brands have been made at 4 dols., and of Pearls at 4d. 31c. to 4d. 371 c. _ _ Naval store's remain inactive. There has been no movement for export since the arrival of the Hibernia, in consequence of the low prices ruling in England. Freights.—To Liverpool, 3-16 d. for Cotton, Tur pentine, and Flour is. 9d. to 2s. To London, Naval Stores and Flour 3s. to 35..3d. per LA. To Havre, Cotton to ic. per lb. ; Ashes Bd. to 10d. per ton; Rice 10d. per ton. T.B.E. .Sites, LONDON, THURSDA Y MORNI,NG, APRIL 16, 1846. CANADA. The provincial Parliament was opened at Montreal on the 20th inst., with the usual formalities. The speech of Earl Cathcart embraces several topics which make it in teresting to this country, and we therefore give it entire. It will be noticed that he announces his permanent ap pointment to the office of Governor-General. HONOURABLE GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUN CIL, AND GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY: The duty of opening the session of Parliament has necessarily devolved upon me, as administrator of the Government, in consequence of the lamented departure of the late Governor-General. But I am commanded, at the same time, to make known to you, that the Queen has been graciously pleased permanently to designate me as her Majesty's future representative in this province. In announcing to you the fact of my having thus be come the successor of Lord Metcalfe, you will, I feel as sured, concur with me in the expression uf sincere regret at the painful cause which has removed this distin guished nobleman from a station, the duties of which he discharged with a zeal and ability that on every oc casion won for him the highest approbation of his So vereign, and the respect and gratitude of the people over whom he presided as her representative. The several addresses to the Queen which were adopted during the last session of the Legislature have been laid at the foot of the throne. It will be my pleasing duty to announce to you her Majesty's gracrous replies. I should under any circumstances have !directed your early attention to the condition of the militia law. But the unsettled state of the negotiations which have been for some time past carried on between the Imperial Go venment and that of the United States of America, ren ders it imperative upon me to press immediately upon your consideration the necessity of a re-organisation of this arm of the public defence. I feel the most un bounded confidence that the loyalty and patriotism of every class of her Majesty's subjects in Canada will be conspicuous, as they have been heretofore, should occa on? call for th e i r serv i ces to a id i n the protection of t tzh h e e aaAlto r ,tu c wst o hh u eei nt r y ; but a we ll-di geste d an d un i form system is indisp ensa b le to give a fitting direction to the most our gracious ser fe o e f lw e a i warranted ed in assuring you free and loyal . ual amre atattachment of hergn will ever rely ppeo onle forth the defence of this province, and th e ma i ntenance o f ?). p ß r r e i d ti e s c h es c s o o n r t s i ehxaiovne always , eesettyl, wtoillpbroevpidreepwariethd,praosmhper. titude and energy, corresponding with the power and re sources of the empire, for the security of her North las t . he civil li s t , which wasbrought Am Te ica s no e m et in o io f under your consideration by my predecessor, ownirllyNisd douobmt less engage your attenti on , w h en I trust to y to make such a provision as w ill enable her Majesty to give effect to your wishes, by recommending to the Imperial Parliament the requisite changes in the act of reunion. GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY— The financial accounts of the province for the past year will be immediately laid before you. The estimates for the service of thecu consideration.rrentyear will be likewi s e sub mitted to your early providing for the o p o r d o e s r e t c a u h t e io o n w a i n ti d c ompletion of the public improvements, i The necessity of the sanction of Parliament, willform subject for your deliberation. year has . not o a f its amount, and ast re to be able t t f o l i l n en fo s r h m or y t o o u f th th a e t e t h x el p t e r c ea t vff a eo t n i r o ud n es s no w fe h t i hp e el h epasu were entertame the l re I p y u public c your willingness as adu regard tom people may require. atkoe thesuciho tprovision f t f h o o r HONOURABLE LEGISLATIVE GENTLEMEN ASSEMBLY AN D GENTLEMEN OF THE Since your last meeting, the ancient city of Quebec has been subjected to unexampled calamity in the suc cessive fires which laid waste its buildings. Measures rendered indispensable by the exigency were adopted by my predecessor, which will be sent down for your approval. The sympathy and benevolence of diffeient portions of the British empire were roused into active exercise by the knowledge of the severe inflictiod with which it had pleased Divine Providence to permit the citizens of Quebec to be visited ; and we have the strongest reasons for appreciating the noble generosity which has been exhibited, and which has proved how truly the inhabi tants of Canada are felt by the people of Great Britain to be brethren and fellow-subjects of the same mighty nation. It will be for your wisdom to consider what further measures it may be proper to adopt for the resto ration of what has been thus destroyed. The last intelligence from the mother country indicates a most important change in the commercial ptoolpicryesos 9 f u t p he n empire. I h a d p rev i ous ly t a ken occa s i on her Majesty's Government a due consi deration of the effect that any contemplated alteration might have on the interests of Canada. But until we have a fuller exposition of the projected scheme, which a few days will p ro b a b ly bring to us, it would e pre mature to anticipate-that the claims of this province to a just measure of protection had been overlooked. In these and the various other subjects affecting the prosperity of Canada, which may occupy you, I offer my hearty co-operation ; and I earnestly trust that, under the direction of an all-wise Providence, we shall be en abled to pursue a course calculated to promote the best interests, and to foster the rising growth of this rapidly advancing colony. UNITED STATES and MEXICO. We have received the following,, dated February 25, from Tampico : "We had an express to-day bringing the intelligence that the American troops had taken possession of the Fronton de Santa Isabel, situated near to Matamoras— so near that it is considered Matamoros is already taken by the Americans, for what can the Americans do with such customers ? The Fronton de Santa Isabel was taken without a fight, and there were only some Mexican Custom-house officers and pilots, who were made prisoners." THE BRAZILS. FALMOUTH, APRIL 13, HALF-PAST 7, P.M. The Seagull packet, Lieutenant Dicken, commander, has this instant arrived from the Brazils with mails, having left Rio de Janeiro on the 22d of February. She brings on freight about 3,0001. in gold. The Exchange on sailing was 261 d. Stock, 75 to 76. There was quite a dearth of political and commercial news at Rio when the packet left. The Emperor had not returned from Rio Grande, but was expected in March. Her Majesty's ships Grecian, Crescent, and Spider were lying at Rio, the latter having arrived from the River Plate on the 10th of February. A few hours previous to the Seagull's departure the American ship Brutus had arrived at Rio, from Monte Video (whence she sailed the 11th of Fe bruary.), and brought the following intelligence : General Urqueza, of the Entrerios forces, was re ported to have formed an amnesty with General Paz, of the Corrientes. The commanders of the English and French naval forces on the Parana had had an inter view with Paz at Corrientes, on the 23d of January, and remained with him three days. They had subsequently proceeded to Assumption. Three fourths of the Para guay army had already joined General Paz, and were preparing to proceed to Entrerios. On the 15th of February, the ship Ontario arrived at Rio, from the coast of Patagonia, with the crews of three merchant vessels, viz., the Edward, of Sunderland; In tegrity, of Liverpool; and Exporter, of London, which were wrecked with six others between lat. 44 36 S., and lon. 45 36 N., in a violent gale of wind. The names of these six vessels are the Achilles; Minerva, Bussby, master; Eagle, Keer master ; Brillant, Pain master; and James Dixon, Smith master. These crews were all saved; but thirteen of the crew of the ship Mersey, Nor ris master, were drowned. The gale commenced on the 13th of January, extending about sixty milei on the coast, from south-east to south. There were a great number of vessels on the coast, from which no accounts had been received. LETTER FROM ST. DOMINGO. `We learn from Captain Norton, of the brig Wasson, arrived at this port, this day, from Aux Cayes, 12th March, that the news of the election of a new President had reached that place about the 6th of March. The name of the President is Raokere. He is a black, an old General, and quite popular among the people. The inhabitants of Aux Cayes were greatly excited, shops all shut up, and no business done, on account of the difficulty expected between the officers and soldiers— the former not being favourable to the new President, and the latter, nearly to a man, being in his favour. But it was expected he would be well received: Presi dent Picrrott, when •satisfied that the people wished a change, resigned, and also stating that it was his wish to do so and retire, wishing -to live in private. The sol diers that had marched some time previous for the Cape had returned, and heard no talk of the army that was to march against the Dominicans. A French Govern ment steamer touched about the 91h, and sailed for Port as Prince. GLEANINGS from the AMERICAN PAPERS. (Froni he Albany Citizen of Saturday.) ' - 'HORRIBLE BUTCHERY ! Utica, Friday Morning, March 13, 1846. We learn this morning, by Mr. Frink,' conductor, from Auburn, that the house of Mr. Van Ness, a farmer and supervisor of the town of Fleming; on Owasco Lake, four miles from Auburn was entered last night, about half past nine o'clock, by some one in the disguise of a negro, and Mr. Van Ness, his wife, and child were stabbed by the villain, and are dead. His mother-in law and hired man were also stabbed, but are still living. No further particulars are known, and no cause assigned for the act. It is reported that Mrs. V. N, ran about sixty rods, when her bowels gushed out, and she fell dead., it is said, attempted to go up stairs for his gun, and fell dead; the child, about two years old, was torn open froth its shoulder entirely across its abdomen. The hired man - sticceeded in keeping him off with t h e b roomst i c k, and saved his own life and that of Mr. V.'s mother-in law, but he. is badly wounded. It is said the murderer took the road to Auburn, near which place one of Mr. V. N's. horses was found, bearing evident signs of having been hard ridden. . The murderer of the' Van Ness family was taken at Fulton,. Oswego county, and is in the, custody of the, Sheriff. We understand that he acknowledges the - deed. He was at. Syracuse Friday morning. He hitched his horse on the north side of the canal, and was on the steps of ,the Syracuse House when the cars came out from Syractse. He went to Fulton, where he offered to sell his horse to the tavern keeper, V. Low ; this caused a suspicion that the horse was stolen, and soon after he left he was pursued on this suspicion and taken. He bears the marks of the blow received from Van Arsdale. We learn that Mrs. Wykodand Van Arsdale;;;;Till alive (Friday evening). ATTEMPT TO KlLL.—Manuel Sainz dela Maza, a bar-keeper at the Brilliant Coffee-house, on the corner of Marais and Customhouse streets, was arrested yes terday afternoon for having stabbed with a knife one Edward Ennis, with an attempt to kill him. This affray occurred in the coffee-house above-named on the even ing of the 4th instant. The man was so badly cat that his blood was traced the next morning from the house to Canal-street, across which he has been taken to the Charity Hospital, and where he has been ever since in a critical state, but now'out of danger.—N. 0. Delta, Bth instant. MIIRDER.—We regret to learn that a murder was committed in the neighbourhood of Dukedom, Weekly, county Tenesse, on Monday last. An affray took place between Dr. Wilson and a man named Roberts, in which Roberts was stabbed with a dirk and killed instantly. Wilson did not attempt to escape, but was under guard awaiting the action of an examining court.—Louisville Journal, Monday. The Richmond Compiler mentions the death in Cum berland county (Va) of Syfax Brown, aged one hundred and fifteen years, four months, and five days. He was for many years the slave and personal servant of the late John Randolph, Esq., of Mattaox, father of the late John Randolph, of Ronoake. _ _ REMARKABLE ESCAPE AND PRESENCE OF MIND. — As Mrs. Patterson, of this city, was crossing the rail road bridge, just south of Asylum-street, last Monday morning, the train of cars from Springfield came down and nearly overtook her before she noticed them, when, in attempting to get off the track, at the south end of the bridge, she stumbled and fell, and not having suffi cient time to get upon the outside of the track before the cars overtook her, she had the remarkable presence of mind to arrange herself between the rails, with her face and person close to the ground, and also to untie her bonnet string, when the whole train passed imme diately over her without causing her the least injury— except a horrible fright.--Hartford Cour., Saturday. AN ELOPEMENT.—IN consequence of fair promises of marriage, a young lady of Cabotville, Mass., (a manu facturing town on the line of the Boston and Albany Railroad), was induced to elope with a young man at that place. They took " French leave," and went straight on -to Buffalo as fast as the steam-horse could whirl them there. On their arrival in that city they took rooms at one of the first hotels, and the young man told the all-unsuspecting girl that he had sent out for minister, who would soon tie theirdestinies together in the " hard knot," of matrimony. But then, poor creature, came a bitter disappointment —a destruction of the airy castle hope had built. Under this comforting assu rance, and taking advantage of her confidence in the near approach of the consummation of all her fondest an ticipations and brightest dreams, the faithless villain attempted to accomplish the ruin of the fair girl, whose affections he had won, and who had given convincing proof of her attachment to him, and reliance on his pro mises. But the fellow was baulked in his infamous de sign. The vigorous resistance of the poor girl and her cries for help brought assistance ere her strength failed her. The landlord burst into the room, and soon received a frank and honest statement of all the circumstances from the girl. His measures were quickly taken. At his request the weeping girl left the room. Then locking the door, he said to the faithless, heartless fellow :—" Now, you contemptible scoundrel, bring to me all your baggage, and open it." The command was obeyed. " Now, he added, " strip yourself of all your outer garments and hand them to me." This order was also obeyed. He then searched his trunk and pockets, and taking therefrom all the money that he could find, amounting to about sixty dollars, he returned to the fellow his clothes and baggage, and when he had dressed, gave him a hint to leave the house, that he was not slow to take. He then gave the eirl all the money, and putting her in the safe charge of a Friend, sent her home to Cabotville. He has since rcceivc-d a letter from her, thanking heartily, herself and her parents, or villain. istimely aid in rescuing her f ng of I so effectually from an unmitigated will receive the full punishment his vi any merits.— The and- ard. We trust the fa . se-hearted seducer A lo / r b d an h y as C h i i t s iz r e e n w . surmounted attention AN IMMENSE STICK OF by the " stars and stripes," attracted general t in e a o m u , r dsrtareweitnsgonantwenty-horse wasn o E t n timber w A n .d bly It William Howell, and is to be sawed into boat timber. It mea- Th im ur m sd en ay se . sured 423 feet in the butt, and 22-3 feet at the top. It was 63 feet in length, and contained 620 cubic feet. Its total weight was no less than l 9 i tons—the heaviest_ drawn to the city. It stick of timber probably ever was drawn ten miles by l'ike and Ellis, and is chiefly chester Democrat. designed for the yard of Messrs. li., at Buffalo.—Ro- A letter from St. Etienne of April 7 states that, in some of the pit., and particularly that of Cote-Tholliere. several of the colliers had returned to their work. At Fir miny also, the works had been resumed, so that the circle of the strike is becoming gradually narrower. The authorities had adopted measures to prevent the well disposed portion of the workmen from being molested. A few more arrests were effected on the night of the sth; but without noise or dis turbance. HOW TO SICKEN JOSEPH ADY.—An individual at Gatethead, who had been pestered by Joseph Ady's commu nications, has adopted the expedient of sending Joseph (who, uy the way, never !pays postage)" a farthing enclosed in a letter, informing him that the balance :of the fee demanded (one pound) will be sent on receipt of the valu able information promised. The general adoption of this plan would, no doubt, soon induce Joseph to adopt a more legi timate occupation. LITERATURE. MEMOIRSof JOSEPH GRIMALDI, edited by Buz, with illu.stralions by George Cruihshank. A new edition, with notes and add tions, revised by Charles . Whitehead. A new edition of this popular biography having been called for, Mr. Bentley has acted wisely in entrusting it to the superintendence of Mr. Charles Whitehead, whose intimate knowledge of dramatic affairs has enabled him to impart a vast deal of additional informa tion, anent persons and things connected with Grimaldi, with which Mr. Dickens was unacquaiatkd. This addi tional information—and most amusing and interesting a great portion of it is—is given in the form of foot-notes, so that the text of the original is strictly preserved. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF EVENING PARTIES By Albert Smith. Although this highly -eccentric and humourous little book has been twice offered to the public, first in the columns of our facetious contemporary Punch, and after wards in a pleasant Christmas book called the " Wassail Bowl," it is right welcome. From the hilarious, joyous, laughter-loving vein in which it is written we conjecture the author must be on capital terms with himself, and everybody else ; we would wager he could " forgive and forget," as the saying goes, in the most spontaneous manner ;and we have, moreover, some very shrewd sus picions that he knows how to shake hands with a friend —not by tendering a frigid one finger, or an inert bundle of lukewarm flesh and bones—but with a fine cordial gripe that shows the muscles are in excellent condition. Such is the opinion of Mr. Albert Smith which every one must form, who dips into these seventy-one pages of drollery. And, under the correction of certain supposititious critics, we will abide by the notion that our author's disposition may be discerned from his writings, " The Physiology of Evening Parties !"—the name alone is provocative of amusement : or " the Na tural History of the First Quadrille." Surely the man must be a most veritable curmudgeon whose risibility would not be excited by the perusal of such terpsichorean parodies upon Buffon. The vraisemblance of each inci dent described is something extraordinary. There is a touch of genuine Bozism in Mr. Albert Smith's nature, but his delineations of character want the epigrammatic comicality of Dickens. Besides which—but a com parison would be invidious ; it would be as impossible as a comparison between Homer and Blackmore. Boz is on the top of the great pyramid ; while Albert Smith is on the top of one seven feet by five on the stage of the Lyceum. We say this not in depreciation of the latter; but as the mere illustration of a fact. If we could giie such illustrations however as those of Leech in the book before us, we would amplify the difference at yet greater length. Sufficient to say that the present volume is an excellent specimen of that rich fun by which Albert Smith has rendered himself such a favourite with our selves, and a great multitude besides ; while the wood cuts, designed by Leech, are worthy illustration's to One of the happiest of the first contributors to "Punch," and are also worthy of himself—thp main-stay and best bower anchor of that periodical. THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURING THE THIRTY YEARS' PEACE, 1815 to 1845. By Charles Knight. ,Pait . The sixth chapter of this well-written and valuable History contains a graphic account, (illustrated by a' plan) of the taking of Algiers by Lord Exctionth, in' 1816, and of the events which led to and folloWed that event. The seventh chapter sketches the progress of social improvement in England troth the first efforts'ot Sir S. Romilly to improve our criminal law, in 1808; up to the commencement of the 'memorable - labours of Brougham in behalf of popular education,lllBl6. The questions of the reform of the criminal code, of the establishment of an effectual preventive and detective' police, and of the law of settlement and the pcier-laws, and of popular education, are all calmly considered and temperately discussed in this chapter ;'which concludes with a history of the , first establishinent of savings' . banks. In 1816 the first gas company applied to Par liament for a Bill, and the following 'accotint will be - 1 • read with interest at the present moment, inasmuch as the same arguments that were used by the oil protec tionists of that day, against gas lighting, are used by the corn protectionists of our own against free trade:— " The brilliantly' lighted, carefully watched, safe, orderly, and tranquil London of the present 'day, presents as great a contrast to the London of 1816, as that again, contrasted with the London of 1762—the year in which the Westminster Paving and Lighting Act was passed. Street-robberies, be fore that period, were the ordinary events of the night : se curity was the exception to the course of atrocity, for which the Government applied no remedy but to hang. For half a century after this the metropolis had its comparative safety of feeble oil-lamps and decrepid watchmen. The streets were filled with tumultuous vagabonds ; and the drowsy guardiang of the night suffered every abomination to go on in lawless vigour, happy if their sleep were undisturbed by the mid night row of the drunken rake.' In 1807 Pall-mall .was lighted by gas. The persevering German who spent his own ward.m oney and lhe that orig ofna original his subscribers com iaa to whose his s x h e a m m ep,•eh was ad to b n o ree followed, not only by all England,, but the whole civilised world, were first derided, and then treited in" Parliament as 'rapacious monopolists intent upon the ruin of established in dustry. The adventurers in gas-light did more for the pre vention of crime than the Government had done since the days of Alfred. We turn to the Parliamentary debates, and we see how they were encouraged in 1816—nine years after it had been found that the invention was of unappreciable public benefit :—' The company,' said the Earl of Lauderdale, ' aimed at a monopoly, which would, ultimately prove injuri ous to the public, and ruin that most important branch of ' trade, the whale fisheries.' Alderman Atkins contended that the measure was calculated to ruin that hardy race of men, the persons employed in the Southern and Greenland whale fisheries, in each of which a million of money and above a hundred ships were engaged. If the Bill were to pass, it would throw out of employ ten thousand seamen, and above ten thousand ropemakers, sailmakers, mastmakers, &c., con nected with that trade.' Who can forbear to admire the in exhaustible fund of benevolence that for ages has been at work in the advocacy of the great principle of protection. At every step of scientific discovery which promises to impart new benefits to mankind, however certain and unquestionable be the benefit, we are called upon to maintain the ancient state of things, amidst the terrible denunciations of ruin to some great interest or other. It it quite marvellous the ruin that has been threatening us since the peace, when capital has been free to apply itself in aid of skill and enterprise. The rnin that gas-light was to produce is a pretty fair example of the ruin that has gone on, and is still going on, for no objects but those of thinning our population, diminishing our manufactures, crippling our commerce, extinguishing our agriculture, and pauperizing our landed proprietors. There never was a nation 000 med to such perils by the restless character of its people. They will not let well enough alone, as the only wise men say. In 1816 they risked the exis tence of the British navy, which depended upon the whale fisheries, for the trifling advantage of making London as light by night as by day, and bestowing safety and peacefulness upon its millions of inhabitants. And yet at the very mo ment that this ruin was predicted to oil, it was admitted that we could not obtain a sufficiency ofioil. There are some les sons yet to be learnt on the sabject of protection, even from this petty fight of oil and gas." The eighth chapter, which is not completed in this part, is devoted to the subject of Spanish America. In as much of it as is contained in the present number, we have a history of the various efforts made at emancipa tion by Spanish America, from 1785, when General Miranda was negotiating with Mr. Pitt for the assistance of England, in enabling the inhabitants of Venezuela to throw off the yoke of Spain, to the defeat of Morelos, in Mexico, by the Royalist forces, and his subsequent ex ecution, in 1815, which seemed for a time to have anni hilated the Insurrection which had been begun in that country in 1810, by the famous Curate Hidalgo. This part is illustrated by an excellent map of the South Am - vrican Continent, and by two engraved portraits, the one of Sir Samuel Romilly the other of Prince Tal leyrand. THE PROTECTION PEERS. --W e are informed, OR au thority which cannot be deubted, that "the die is cast." The monopolist peers have had their meetings, one after another, and the issue is, that the march of free trade is to be resisted to the uttermost. Lord Stanley, never deficient in animal courage, and always forward when mischief is to be school e ho c o o l confess, is done, has undertaken so to mutilate and mangle the Minis aislwrae;bneeednttoatrhdyemle. terial measure in committee that it will be quite impossible for the free trade party in the House of Commons to accept s it h i p when s have i t greater than our surprise at this information. Their Lord . lea rne r s s r i r n egr th et e , wis dom, and, therefore, we may not wonder at their pr e serving this characteristic of their order i n th e present instance. And what are they to gain by playing this dangerous game with an irritated and angry people ? Or, rather, what may they not lose by their appalling fully ? But, while such is the present intention of the Lords, Sir R. Peel, we are as sured, is resolute and determined on the subject. He has made up his mind that he will take no measure but his own. It is ant Ccesar out nihil with bim. He will have all or none. The monopolists must be prepared to form an Administration or face a dissolution of Parliament in the very hour when they give a mortal stab to his proposition. So stands the case at present. We speak on the authority of one engaged in playing the game himself —Liverpool Albion. IMPORT OF GUNPOWDER.--VIGHANCE OF THE POLICE.—The following circumstances have been reported to us :—A gun-smith in this city caused to be shipped from Dublin in one of the steamers a cask, purporting to con tain seeds, and directed to a house in that business here, but which cask in reality contained gunpower. The gun smith showed the letter of advice of shipment to the seeds man, who at once got alarmed, and sent for a policema n , to wham he read the letter. The " vigilant" policeman said he would report it his officer, notwithstanding which when the steamer arrived, there was no one on the part the police t o l oo k after and seize so dangero us an importa tion, or give notice to the captain that he had suc h on board. The consequence was that the gun-smith got possession the powder, and we believe no further noti ce has been of of the matter. We think the public are enti t l ed toe taken a strict inquiry into these facts; for, great as i s the dangermend shipping gunpowder openly, it must be much enhanced of no precautions can be taken, from ignoranc e o f its b where board.—Cork Reporter. sbeing on SUICIDE OF TWO GIRLS.—A coroner's inquest as held on Thursday last, and another on the follow ing s a w . n day, on Ihe bodies of two young females found drownetiin the canal, near to Leamington, one of whom had been miss ing for nearly three weeks, and the other from the day Only preceding that on which her rema ins were discovered. The latter, named Emma Lewis, daughter of a sawy er in Grove place, was in her sixteenth year, and from the evidence pro duced appeared to have committed the despondency, from the harsh treatment she experienced in service under a superior domestic, who was severely repri • manded by the Coroner for her unfeeling behaviour. The former unfortunate girl, named Davis ! _was not quite fifteen years of age, and had lived unhappily with her relatives, who were in a respectable sphere of life, and whom she had suddenly quitted, with an intimation, left in writing, th at she would be no more when the same came to their hands. The strictest search having been ineffectually made, hopes were for a long time entertained that her intention had not be en carried into effect, and advertisements, l with offers of reward for her restoration, appeared in several of the newspapers. Verdicts of " Temporary insanity" werea _ re turned in ea c h case- by the jury. This morning ( 11 udaY) the body of another female, a native of Germany:, who .h as been for some days g miosin, •• ' was found drowned in the River Learn, and is now awaiting an inquest. The above'. three deplorable events, occurring successively within so ' short A period, have occasioned a sensation in the town and neighbourhood of Leamington which will be more easily conceived than.de-. scribed. . CENTENARY OF THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN. One hundred years ago the hopes of the Stuarts for restoration to the throne of their ancestors were finally closed. After a short, but brilliant campaign, Prince Charles .and his gallant followers were slain or scat tered on the 16th of April, 1746, never again to re assemble in arms for bringing " the auld Stuarts back again," but if that could have been accomplished by the most unbounded heroism and fearless enterprise, the devoted army which so enthusiastically followed their Prince had achieved the object. The destiny of this unfortunate house was otherwise. When the High landers had advanced as, far as Derby, London was thrown into the greatest consternation. Those of Jaco bitical principles, of course, were joyous, as far as pru= dence would permit the acknowledgment; but a run was made upon the Bank which was obliged to issue notes of trifling value to assist the circulation of coin among the military, as encouragement for whom, large sums were subscribed and abundance of clothes provided. The troops, notwithstanding, were much depressed on learning the disasters which befel their com rades in the north, and believed there was noshing but defeat . before them, hence the humerous picture by Hogarth of the march to Finchley. After defeating the army under Hawley, at Falkirk, on retreat to the north, the Prince, after the failure of an attempt to surprise the Duke of Cumberland by night, drew up in battle array on the moor of Culloden, near Inverness, where the royal army confronted him next morning, The engagement speedily commenced, and the Highlanders rushing forward sword in hand, broke through the left wing of the front line and captured two cannon, but they were immediately met with a fire from the second line in front and flank, by which they were so cut up that they were compelled to retire. The panic went along their ranks and the whole began to retreat, the greater part crossing Nairn, some of the clans in un-• broken order, while those who went to Inverness were grievously slaughtered by the way. The Prince fled, and left his troops to shift for themselves. Lord Bury was dispatched to London with accounts of the victory, and the expedition with which he was able to move may be seen by his arrival in London only on the 24th ! Illu minations and rejoicings were immediately given, and congratulations, thanksgivings, &c., to an incredible extent. Thus, after so many chivalrous attempts to avert the fate, terminated a regal line, of an antiquity equal to any else - in Europe. MAP OF CULLODEN MOOR, AND PART OF THE ADJACENT COUNTRY. By J. Gowie, Esq. —Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhill. On the 16th of April, 1746, exactly a century since this day, Was -fought the decisive battle of Culloden, which sealed the fate of the Stuart dynasty. Culloden Moor, which is situated near Inverness, has long been an object of attraction to travellers, but no trustworthy map has hitherto been published, showing the face of the country as it' now is, and as it was then, demon strating the respective position of the two armies before, during, and after the battle, so as to enable the tra veller, traversing the ground, to follow accurately the manoeuvres of the two armies. This great want has been recently admirably supplied by Mr. Gowie, who has published a map of Culloden Moor, drawn on a large scale, on which are laid down th e diff eren t li nes o f ,routes leading to the field of battle, and the po sitions and lines of march of the respective armies on the eventful 16th of April, 1746. The map also exhibits the sites Of the ancient tumuli, Druidical stone circles, vitrified forts, and other objects of interest to be found on the moor ; and is, moreover, enriched '153 , an enlarged plan of the order of battle, accompanied by , copious 'ex planatory notes. As a work of art‘ the map is beautifully executed, and as a topographical illustration of one of the most interesting portions of the kiugdom, it is one of the most complete things that has ever Wen offered to the public. MR. KAY'S BOOK ON THE «EDU CATION OF TE POOR." The Master of "Trinity has addres s ed t h e following letter to the Vice-Chancellor:-- - " Trinity Ledge, April 4, 1846. "9lr. Vice-Chancellor—l have just received a volume, entitled On the Education of the Poor in England and in: Europe,' by XoseOli Kay, of this college, whom-1,-on his solicitation, recommended as Travelling Bachelor ; preceded by an address to the Senate of the University of Cambridge, in which Mr. Kay states that when I recommended him to their notice as a candidate for that office, I informed him that they would expect him to pUtlish a report of the results of his inquiries on the state of primary education in Europe. ;" I hasten to, say'to you that Mr. Kay has completely astonished me by this statement. I never had any in tention of conveying to him such an impression as he describes. I did not know that he had it in contempla• tion to publish on this subject; though he informed me that he inteaded to make Primary Education,' the main subject of 'lris intention in his travels. i" Nor do I recollect to have used, or think it possible that I used language which could convey to Mr. Kay this impression. I told him, indeed, that, as Travelling Bachelor, -- lie 'would have to send- a Latin letter every year to the Senate ; giving some account of the results or his travels. One such letter he has sent, as you, sir, know. You have 'expressed your opinion respecting the unsatisfactory mode in which Mr. Kay has discharged that part of his duty; and this expression of your opinion I have alreadrconveyed to him. " I have not read more than a few sentencea of ,the book ; but from what I have seen I am compelled to . say that it appears to me to contain expressions of Mr. Kay's, opinions altogether unsuited to his position and attain ments ; and connected by him most improperly with his relation to the university. And this impropriety is not less, but greater, in consequence of the great importance of the questions on which Mr. Kay delivers his opinions. If I could have imagined that such a use would be.mide of the appointment, I should have carefully abstained from forwarding Mr. Kay's desiges. " If you, sir, think it proper, for the satisfaction of the Senate, that this - explanation on my part should be communicated to them, I shall be ready to direct myself by your suggestions. " Believe me, Mr. Vice-Chancellor, your very faithful and obedient servant, " W. WHEWELL." • STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, APRIL 14.—We are glad to stite that the slight appearances of improvement which presented themselves towards the conclusion of last week have now become more distinct and decided. At this day's market there has been a very good demand for yarn ; and an advance of id. to id per lb. has been obtained on some counts and _descriptions suitable for the German, market. For g oo d s , a l so, there has been a much better inquiry than for some time past ; and an advance of lid. per piece on good ahirtings has been generally de manded, and in some instances acceded to by purchasers. The inferior qualities of shirtings and all descriptions of printing cloth are in better demand, though without improvement in price. On the whole, the feeling in the market has been more cheerful and elastic than for several weeks previously. ROCHDALE, APRIL 13.—We have had rather more doing in the flannel market to-day, merchants having bought more freely ; but there is no improvement in prices. Wool 'has rather a tendency upward ; and if there should be an increased demand for goods, it is expected that the raw material will advance in price. LEEDS, APRIL 14.—We have little to say about our to-day's markets, which were rather better attended than last week, but, on the whole, flat and spiritless. Nor can we expect any improvement of moment, until the universally known obstacles which impede the de velopment of our trade are, at least to some extent, re moved. HUDDERSFIELD, APRIL 14.—There has been a slight improvement in our market to-day ; and, for the season, business is upon the whole better. The return of de posits upon railway projects will be a great relief to this district, great quantities of scrip being in the hands of our manufacturers."—Manchester Guardian. The Albany Knickerbocker expresses the opinion that America is destined to be the bread-basket of the world." MURDER IN GLASGOW.-It is our painful duty to-day to record an atrocious case of murder, which in the Bridgegate on Saturday night,wh was perpetrated between eleven and twelve o'clock. The victim was an elderly .man, named David Love, a weaver, residing in Tureen-street, Calton, and the circumstances under which he was murdered, were as follow:—Shortly after eleven o'clock it appears Love and another individual, whose name we have not learned, went into an eating-house, Pi gs ' F ee t T avern , i n the Goosedubbs, kept by a person named Daly, and called for a small quan tity of victuals. Previous to their being consumed, how ever, the reckoning, amounting to 6d. was demanded, and it turned out that neither Love nor his companion, owing to some misunderstanding, had any money. This gave rise to some altercation between them and the people of the house ; but so far as we have ascertained, it consisted principally of abusive language on the part of Mrs. Daly and her servant, a girl named Cassidy, on account of their having been put to the trouble of setting down food to individuals who had nothing to pay far it. Ulti mately the watchman being sent for, or hearing the noise, went into Daly's; but after this there was no disturbance, as Love and his companion went away peaceably, seemingly satisfied to escape from the disagreeable position in which they were placed. They had only proceeded a short distance along the Bridgegate, when Love was knocked down from behind by a blow on the back of the head. This blow there is no doubt was inflicted by Daly, he having been seen to do it by several persons who were close by at the time ; and the result was that Love literally died on the spot. The unfor tunate man was lifted and carried into the shop of Dr. Grib ben, but it was of no avail—the vital spark had fled. After the occurrence Daly was accused of having killed the man by some persons who had seen the deed committed, and amongst others by a:man named Adams, a brass-founder, re siding in Gorbals, who followed him into his own shop. when Mrs. Daly struck him on the mouth for making such an accusation against her husband. Daly being thus warned that the person he had struck was dead, by the time the police heard of it he had effected his escape, having re• treated, it is believed, by a back door. Immediately after . wards the corpse, along with Mrs. Daly and the other per sons in the house at the time, were taken to the police-office; but up to a late hour last night, the alleged murderer had not been apprehended. The girl Cassidy states that Love and the man who was along with him were both very tipsy, but the other accounts do not agree with this statement. Love appeared to be a decent elderly man, and we under stand he has left a widow and three children to lament their unhappy bereavement. A post mortem examination of the body is to take place to-day. In the meantime it is supposed that the de cease d h a d b een st r uck on the jugular vein, an that that was th e cause o f hi s unt i mely end. —Gl asgo w Ar gos of Monday. - The Journal des Chasseurs, a Freneli sporting maga zine, has published a curious statement of the results of the royal huats in the Crown forests ;from t _ 5, the enormous which it appears that during the y ears 1840-1-2-3-4 a quantitp of: .154,517 animals (birds% andlolves, quadrupeds) have 5,241 5 foxes; 213 wild:dogs, been destroyed, thus specified-88 i• 97 ,badgers, 3,659 polecats, . 30 7,784 cats.; 34,452 Hedgehogs,g ,o 9 s , 4,4 weasels, l, nazards, 7,451 hawks, ' , 10,170 owls, 1,466 crows, 21,540 magpies, 19,479 japs, 6,030 squirrels, 10,822 rats and dormice. MVIMERCE OF THE CAPE WITIX MONTE VIDEO. The following is from the . Cape Shipping and Mercan tile Gazelle, of the 30th' January:— " It has often struck us that our commercial relations might be profitably extended to other parts of South America beside the Brazils, and it is therefore with peculiar satisfaction that we refer to the following notice which appeared in yesterday's Gavel ?intent Gazate in viting a direct trade with the Ri o Pl ata:— , " Colonial-office, Jan. 28, 1846. "' His Excellency, the Governor, having received a letter, of which the following is a copy, from her Bri tannic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary in the River Plate, has desired it to be published for general in formation. " `By his Excellency's command, " JAMES MONTAGU, Secretary to Government.' " Monte Video, 23rd Dec. 1845. " Sra,—lt is highly desirable,. especially at this moment, that commercial intercourse should be esta blished between this capital and the Cape of Good Hope. In consequence of the siege, which has lasted three years, and of the blockade by General Roses for nearly as long a time, and the constant state of warfare in which the Government of Buenos Ayres has kept these states, all agricultural pursuits have been interrupted, and little or no produce can be procured from the interior. We are obliged to draw our supplies from Brazil, the United States, and Europe. The demand for provisions would, therefore, at present secure a profit for the ex• portation from the Cape, of salt beef, pork, wheat, potatoes, yam, &c., and, in short, whatever article of food the colony produces, and that will bear the voyage. " All sorts of dried fruits and grain, barley, oats, peas, beans, hay, &c., would well repay the cost of conveyance hither. " A small quantity of the best wine might find a sale; • but salted o r d r i e d i s always in great demand, as also butter and lard. "' If it meet your Excellency' s views to encourage this commerce, I venture to suggest that every facility be afforded3to the master of the William Peile, Mr. Joseph Sprott, and should his vessel require repair, that assistance be afforded, if possible, at the Government wharfs or docks. Probably, the arrival of this vessel at the Cape might induce shipowners to send vessels hither on speculation. They would, also, probably find passengers from hence, on their return to the Cape of Good Hope. " At the _present moment, horses might find sale here ; gunpowder, ammunition, and military accoutre:- meats certainly would: 'Possibly - East India produce would also be in request. "' I take the liberty of recommending to your Ex cellency's protection and good offices this commence ment of a direct commercial intercourse between the Rio Plata and the' Cape of Good Hope. It would be highly beneficial to Monte Video at this moment, and I cannot but think might beconie highly advantageous to the colony.—l have the honour to be, " Sir, your obedient servant, " To Sir Peregrine Maitland,' &c. G. OUSELEY. "We trust that our enterprising merchants will, without loss of time, avail.. themselves of this oppor tunity to extend the colonial trade in the southern hemisphere by the opening of this new market. We hope, as one of the advantages resulting therefrom, to see generally introduced and domesticated in Southern Africa that valuable animal the alpaca. On these and other benefits likely to result from the new field for commercial intercourse we shall make it a point to en large hereafter. The William Peile also brought to Port Elizabeth 93 emigrants, who, being principally inechanics, were fast findingemploympnt. " Since - the foregoing was in type an advertisement has already been handed to us for insertion, announcing the schooner Swiftshure as having been chartered for Monte Video. Having.most of-her-cargo engaged, she will be immediately despatched for the Rio Plata." RUSSIAN OPINIONS OF SR R PEEL'S FREE-TRADE POLICY. We subjoin the following article, .copied from the St. Peterkiburgh Commercial Gazetie, on the subject of Sir R. Peel's measures, and the consequences to be expected therefrom. Coming from such a quarter, it is highly im portant, as an exponent nf the fiscal views entertained by the large and influential body of merchants and traders which the journal before us professes to represent As the measures of finance which Sir Robert Peel has announced in the English Parliament, and which, from his great influence, will no doubt be adopted, even if a few unessential modifications era introduced, must lay the foundation of a new epoch in the trade of Poland, and generally in the whole commercial world, it may not appear inopportune if we devote, in the first instance, a few preliminary remarks to this system of duties. The assertion which we have already expressed in this journal (some few years since), and which .was.. also transferred from this to. others, that not, concessions...were to be made to England in order to induce her to effect a. re ductionnf duties on corn and other. articles of provi sion as she would be so o ner O r later compelled to do so for ale sake ,of her own interest, now receives the fullest confirmation. " England feels that she has arrived at a point where, if she . does not procure subsistence for her working classes at a. far more reasonable rate, it will become still more difficult for her to maintain a competition with other countries, ,and thip conviction must necessarily result in the adoption of the new measures of 'finance. 'lf these, however, are in •the highest degree conformable with the designs of England, they cannot, nevertheless, be so un conditionally and generally recommended, a.: the public journals will have it, to other countries, which find them selves in wholly different circumstances. England, after attaining a commercial eminence which towers far above all other countries, casts away the ladder by which she has climbed 'to it. Were other nations, which have not yet attained this Alpine altitude, to throw away their ladders also, they would certainly never reach the same elevation. The most immediate great results of the English - measures will be, in the first instance, a favouring of the trade and agriculture of the other countries of the world ; but; on the other hand, a powerful depression of their manufacturing industry. An almost total freedom from taxation of all natural products must infinitely animate trade simultane ously with the culture of the soil from which they spring forth, and secure for them a richer, and consequently a core remunerating return, in the prices of their produce. By means of the more reasonable prices of provisions, the English manufactures of all sorts will become im mensely cheaper, and thence their productions, as well as the population thereby employed will rapidly increase. This, and the simultaneously increasing, and now already unexampled prosperity of the country, must also extra ordinarily enlarge the consumption of all natural produce. " W holly different, on the contrary, will be the effect of these financial measures on the manufacturing indus try of foreign countries. If it has been already difficult hitherto for the majority of their different branches to maintain a competition with England, it is certain that the difficulty will become far greater —ay, and for a time impossible—especially in those states which have only recently trodden the path of manufacturing industry in a larger proportion. "Their Manufacturing industry will thenceforth stand in the utmost need of every favour which can in any way be afforded it. As a means the following seems here to offer themselves to us :—the utmost possible fa cilitation and extension of their circle of operations, their especial promotion in the locality which presents the most favourable prospect to each individual branch, or has already by experience given proof of its advantages ; more attention to intensive than to extensive encourage ment, and thence also an especial suppert of those manufacturers who most advantageously distinguish themselves in their craft, and whose factories may be looked upon as effective model institutions ; great attention to every foreign and really improving menu- ' facturing invention, its introduction and appropriation to the utmost possible extent throughout the land, as also the animation, promotion, and spread of the mechanical and chemical sciences and arts of design, and their or naments, and refining application to the process of ma • nufacture. We shall, perhaps, find an oppertunity of entering into further details on this subject. It will now be sufficient merely to point out these means, their ge neral features, and to excite the most serious reflection on the part of all thoz.e who are employed in manufac tures, or who are connected in any way with them, upon the precautions to be taken on their side, and the things to be done under the present newly shaped course of circumstances. "It is certain that they must devote the greatest ac tivity and the most circumspect and refined artistical industry if they do not intend to stand still, but to ad vance with the most rapid perfection possible in all directions, in order to appropinquato to foreign ma nufactures in good quality and price, and at length to equal them, in the &holiest space of time. If their prices continue too high with regard to foreign countries, and if their premiums on the use of fo reign wares become too tempting, their productions can not eventually be secured by any support, any favour, or any protection whatsoever, against the disadvantage of a greatly extended, and, under such circumstances, not to be suppressed, smuggling trade. We may ad vise the agriculturists to take the utmost possible advan tage of the present favourable conjuncture, by the amelioration, so necessary for our country, of the cul tivation of the soil, and its thereby increased produce ; for the favourable moment cannot last for ever. The temptation will also increase the cultivation of the soil in other lands, and the competition for importation to England thence arising will soon limit the profits that will accrue in the first instance. " This sure prospect also make; it advisable for them to refuse, on their side, all foreign goods and other manufacturing produce, and thus to support the do mestic manufactures to the utmost extent of their power. The increase of the population and the well-being of their native country may then insure them, in this very thing, a good custom, and one not so exposed to the disadvantageous conjunctures of the world ; but, above all, it may become highly advantageous, by means of I the inestimable profits of a near and flourishing market for the domestic consumers, and the sale of a hot of their smaller, safe, and yet, in a dense population, very profitable productions. • " This is a r.maark which we cannot toowartrabla, a: warmly press upon their hearts. May they remember, t _ we believe we have already often shown, th e advancing prices, which must be paid for some time t to fi , an like the inland trade for its own peculiar profit, the initiation or I apprentice fee which a family g n ot o l t ie o r nl e y d a uc b a e ti t o te n r of p o t s l i t t e t i o r ni s m ember s, eies at tained whereby, reb them i h n o f ls n e tu v r e ::: d h e u n t se a . n 2, advantage assured besides, fur exceeding the ex • A few days rig° a gentleman in Lincoln entered the matrimonial state a second time, after being a lorn widoWer for eight weeks. Oh the happy day, grief for his departed spouse was revived by receiving a Court of Requests sum= mons for the cost of her eof4: A HINDOO GENTLEMANE(POM ENGLISH RAILWAYS. You doubtless have heard and read of railways, though perhaps you cannot form any conception of them. It was on this occasion that I for the first time travelled by one a distance of two hundred miles. But how shall I describe it to you? If I had the words I have not the knoviledge; I scarcely know what happened to myself, much less could I take any observations of the mechanism of this wonderful piece of machinery. As soon as I got to the starting place I found myself amongst a crowd of persons of all kinds, talking, hallooing, pushing, and all seeming in the utmost state of confusion and excitement. I thought some serious accident had happened, and whilst I was vainly trying to gain information my lug gage was seized by some men whom I at first imagined to be robbers, but afterwards found to be only porters, and I was forced into a carriage, the door of which was instantly fastened upon me. Before I could remonstrate on this violence the train started off, and I therefore re signed myself quietly to my fate. Soon we were rush ing on like the wind in its fury. As I looked out upon the road my head grew dizzy, my eyes dim, my senses were utterly bewildered, and I hid my face in my hands to recover myself. When I again looked up, we were flying onwards at a still greater speed;—the birds in their swiftest flight, the scud in the heavens, the comet shooting amidst boundless space, seemed sluggish in comparison with our furious, headlong travelling. The sun was shining brightly upon a beautiful soft landscape peculiar to this country, my nerves were beginning to get reconciled to the unusual circumstances, and I even felt a sort of pleasurable excitement, a species of mad ness, a reckless desire for greater and still greater speed; when suddenly, as if by magic, we were cast into utter darkness, not a ray of light was perceptible; I felt, how ever, that we were still rushing through the air at the same furious pace as before—whither I knew not, unless into the very bowels of the earth; on, on we sped; fminutes, hours, seemed to pass, and yet no change; I thought I was doomed to be whisked through dark space for ever and ever, when we were again suddenly thrown into the bright light of the sun. In answer to my be wildered inquiries, I was told that we had merely passed through a tunnel or passage of three or four miles in length, cut through a hill, which was too high for the train to surmount; and that, instead of having been hours in the transit, we had been but a few minutes. What a wond(rful peopl e are the English! Here was a stupendous work, a combination of science and labour, performed at immense cost—and for what purpose? I asked a fellow-passenger who sat near me, whether the road could not have been taken round the foot of the hill, at much less labo ur an d expense. " Certai n ly i t could," he replied, "and. for about one-half the money, but then, we should have lost full, ten minute s on t h e journey." All this science, this labour, this money, e x , pended to save ten minutes in a journey of two hundred miles! Truly, the English are a wonderful people; they have a proverb that time is money, and, certainly, although they are very fond of money, they seem to think quite as much of time. It is a sort of phantom that they are always pursuing; they talk of saving time as if they could lock it up in a strong box, and keep it there for use on some future occasion; want of time is as general a complaint as want of money; and to cheat a person of one is looked upon as great a crime as cheat ing him of the other, as may be seen by the constant complaints in their newspapers against railways and steam-vessels which have been a little longer an their passage than the regulated time. We stopped at various stations to put d own an d ta k e up passengers; and at one place everybody got out of the carriages in order to eat and drink. There was here quite a _rush into a large handsome room, where tables were covered with a profu sion of various kinds of food, which everybody scram bled at,-and. began to devour as if they were in a starving condition., While I was gazing in wonder at this scene, and just as I was endeavouring to find something that I could myself eat, there was a loud announcement that the train was again ready to start; and, accordingly, out everybody rushed, carrying me along with them. I was obliged to pay the same as t h e ot h ers, although I had eaten nothing ; but I cou ld not remonstrate, or the car riages would have gone without me. I understood that not long since fifteen m i nutes ' time was permitt e d f or this mea, but upon many of the passengers complain ing of the loss of time, it was reduced to eight minutes. We soon arrived at our destination, after having per formed ;the journey at the rate of 35 miles an hour, which I heard a fellow-passenger complain of as being very slow, saying that he had lost twenty minutes, and threatening to write to the newspapers about it. As to myself, I was thankful to arrive safe, as I was in con stant fear, fr om t h e e x cess i ve speed, that we should be all dashed to pieces. My kind host having sent a carriage to meet me at the end of the railroad, I was soon comfortably at rest in his magnificent mansion.-- Union, liagozine. BURNT.CLAN- AS. A MANURE' FOR HEAVY CLAY LAND. - Several accounts et the good eff ec t of burnt clay as a manure have appeared in this journal: having use d i t with success, I am induced to add my own testimony in its favour, chiefly on account of the very bad quality of the laild on which it succeeded. It is a faini of about 500 acres,. Which I bought a b ou t seven year i s i nce, on the Oxford clay, of the very stiffest description, never ploughed with Ess than four, sometimes with five cr even six . horses. The oil was like bird-lime uet weatlier and in dry summers like stone, requiring a pick axe' to Creak it. Many of the fields might be described as heing all subsoil, there being no real mould on the surface. The aveiage yield of wheat did not exceed sixteen bushelS an acre, and on some fields the thistles were more numerous than the stalks of wheat. It had the worst possible character, so that even in 1839, when prices were good, many farmers who looked at the farm declined to occupy it, and I had great difficulty in finding a tenant at all. Having bought the farm, however, chiefly because it is the most difficult sort of land to manage (said, indeed, to defy improve ment), in order to try what could be made of it, as Lord Ducie and Mr. Morton have done at Whitfield with so much success, I underdrained the whole, in the first instance at 10 feet apart, but now at 30 feet apart, and 34 inches In depth. In order to make the land work more easily, I procured from Essex some labourers con versant with the mode of burning clay which is there prac tised. Into the details of that process I need not enter, as excellent accounts of it have been given in this journal by Mr. Pym . (vol. iii. p. 226, and by Mr. Randell, vol. v. p. 113). I burnt large quantities for the tenant, but until last year no record of the effect had been kept, when, seeing him apply it to a small field of eight acres, I _begged him to omit the burnt clay on one corner of the field, that we might know whether it was worth while to burn any more clay. Mr. Cheer did so accordingly. The crop was a very fine one : and after harvest he threshed out about one-eighth of an acre separately. He found the result as follows One Acre Wheat No manure .... 37 bushels. 80 yards burnt clay 45 80 yards ditto sheep-folded 47 It will be remarked that this is not a garden experi ment, but applies to a whole field of wheat, and that the account was given in by the occupier of the land. Now, I have lying before me the valuation at which I bought this identical field, one of the worst on the farm. It is 103. an acre for rent, or 141. for the fee-simple. Thorough draining with thorns, at 10 feet asunder, cost about 31. 10s. It could now be done with pipes for 21. Dressing with 80 bushels of burnt clay cost about 21. ss. The crop must have been worth this year about 171., or nearly the fee-simple of the land and the cost of the im provements. It will be observed that on a third lot the land was dressed with sheep-folding, .in addition to the burnt clay, but that u th r e in crease of yield was trifling. The v thefact,w wheat wasmore contsheganuenttliyie laid d op b y t r e l d wet bear, n . summer.manure, in aPlntls i T a l s i t i a s n i e s e a , caoentcedlusairscaprnloaonfutrhea? and d e n b e u t r m nt er c el mechani cally. Ido not mean that burnt clay will always act as a manur e indeed, I know that it sometim es f a il s to do. soandthere is yet much to learn on th e su bj ect ; but this case of success being beyond suspicion of accident, I have thought right to detail the circumstances of the trial, as an encouragement to the owners and tenants of whereheiatviys land,not I the b e w l i o e r v s e t t and e m t o i s i et ctxfexpensiveordclakyi,ndofcoveredwicll with soil of a different quality. This farm at Long worth is that on which the trial of the ploughs reserved from Shrewsbury took place last autumn, and Mr. Parkes, in his report on the implements, bears witness to its obstinate nature.—Journal of Royal Agriculeural Society. Communication from Mr. Pusey, M.P. L. - • - - - •./ IMING POTATOES.—AS I know that my authority has a protection against the consequences of potato disease, and as I have he ar d f rom t h e D u k e o f R utland that his ex periments have not been equally successful, I feel it a duty to society to prevent people from being misled by the general terms in which I have circulated the results of the experi ments conducted here. It is quite true that the lime used here has been invariably successful, but it is the magnesian lime which abounds in this neighbourhood. In its caustic state, it is fatal to vegetation. Barren spots are to be seen in many places on the forest, where lime heaps were placed more than thirty years ago. It is, therefor, easy to account for the effect of this lime in stopping the propagation of this disease. The lime used by the Duke of Rutland I under stand to have been the crich-lime, which is very pure lime, and has no such destructive qualities. It is, therefore, only necessary to state the distinction to account for the difference. Charcoal is quite as effectual as the magnesian lime.—Scott Portland Welbeck, March 18. INDIAN VOCABULARY.—To assist such of our reader as may be occasionally at a loss in reading the new s, ln e dial n i g from ignorance of the language, we subjoin the m e an ing of few words most commonly in use in the new pe bungalow, a cottage made of bamboo and about two miles a 'Endo° title, answering to our esquireandb pro jecting thatch roof—coolie, a porterz trai, dak, the post -- cummerbund, a sash—caw:l l , a in, princess -1 a mat minister, and some timesduoit, a river pirate —de~~an, se m i:l. /to, with an west—firman, 3agerlatYradid°l;:tirhils:va"levrpeasi between two rivers —dustoo i r i , end icant r s n_ Of FI N D: 011 a n r, ta a i n D offi or c a er —feringee, a council—fakir, a reliArious , t hat, E uropean i e n t:t u e i s r l: a prime t: d i o e_ o e a (al b sa , :b a aa t r r ,l a a c tnh t de o i nfcgoc-place; t„ u l n a t c r eo y r. m in oun the l ouda 1, a seat on an elephant— : estate assigned by govern in the e--khelat, an honorary dress—maka great king—marabout, a holy man — mohout, moil t—jungle, a thicket ohur, a gold coin, worth sixteen rupees jaaa;thurroe'ne—nuhali, a brook or small in Bengal—musnud, 'fa . :l2 l :ii i imir e in ' l l Y' e ar— p aar h unl' a gi n cl°l— t ik d esBg r s' i u N e-in e acg r w — irL m l) . ni " i bran - eh of a river—nuzzur, an offering —paddy, rice in the husk—pagoda, Indian temple— peishwa, a sovereign—peon, messenger—punjaub, Ave rivers—rannee, a princess—ryut, a peasant—sahib, lord—saees, a groom—npoys, native troops in the. British serviee—serai, Mussulman place of rest for travellers—serang,' a master of a vessel—singh, a lion— sirear, a governor, also a head servant—sirdar, a headman or minister—suddur adawlut and sudder dewanneo, courts of justice—subandar, officer of highest rank in the army-- vakeel, an envoy—vedas, the Ilindoo Scriptures—wuzzeer or vizzier, prime minister—zemindar, the holder of a zetuin dary,or province. A crore of rupees is a hundred lacs. A hundred thousand rupees is one lac. A rupee is about two shillings. A pice is the twelfth of an anna, or one hun dred and ninety-second part of a rupee. WAN U N.. edi •