The Sun. — London, England, 1812-08-29 00:00:00

NEW: SOUTH WALES. RIB,; r. « [Continued from o , lf ltaTler of Yestt>rdiiy.] Though the ri'ligioas f , cling in, the colony ap pears to have been WCak, latterly the erection of , places of worsuip, and the establishment of clergy-, men, have not been neglected. Churches 'have been built at Sydney and Paramatta., , and at llawkesbnry the - -se performed) was peffored in hOuses_ approprhy.ed to that purpose ;. and to - ,each of these - districts •clergymen have been appointed, With a suitictent provision from Government. In Covernor Hunter's time, ,the„attendance of the convicts was enforced at church! This compul sion appears to have been neglected - during the government of Admiral' Bligh ; though during the hours of Divine Service all loitering was fornid -den in the town ,of Sydney. No restraint,is im posed on those professing a different religion, apd Roman Catholic clergymen have been allowed to perform the rites of their church ; registers of baptisms, marriages, and. burials, are regularly kept, and many schools hate been 'established. The. Orphan Female School, supported - by port duties and fines, has flourished almost from the first settlement of the colony, and a- Male Orphan School; on a similar plan, has lately been esta blished ;' several private - schools . ' are also open, and the education of youth appears by no means to be neglected, though the want of proper mas ters has been much felt at different periods. , Your 'Committee have been. thus particular in detailing the regula4ons, and the natural and commercial ndvant.ages of the settlement, because they strongly feel that its improvement in wealth, - and the Means of properly employing and reform ing the convicts, are essential to the progress of each other ; if the prosperity of the colony be checked by unwholesome, restrictions, the exer 7 tions and industry of the convicts cannot ..be.aal v:lntageonsly ,called into action during their.ser vitu,le, and but little inducement wig be held out to them to becOme settlers after their eman- , cination. They will now proceed, to detkil the manner in Which the transportation of the con victs is conducted,' and what are. their govern molt anti treatment within the colony. When the hulks are fall up to their : establish ment, and the eonvi•led offenders in the different , counties are. beginning to acr,amlate, a.vessel is taken up for the purpose of conveying a part of them to New South Wales: A selection is in the first instance made of all the male eonvicts.under the age of 50, who are sentenced to transporta tion for life, and for 14 years , and the 'number is filled up with such from amongst those sentenced to transportation for 7 years,-as are the most pn ruly, in the hulks, or_ are convicted of the most atrocious crimes ; with respect to female convicts, it has been custoinary to send, without any ex- ception, all whose state of health will admit of it, and *hose age does not exceed forty-five years. The Irish- convicts have generally been 'f.ent -wit} s el f tptinn than thcviefrom England ; and this has arisen froin the want of hulks, and other means of confining and employing them, which are here often substituted for transportation ; bat as this' is a subject, now under arrangement, and occupying much of the attention of the Irish Government, your Committee forbear making any observations upon it. I , The evidence of Mr. M`Leay ,distinctly and sa tisfactorily. explains the inannetin„ which they are transported. An order is received from the Trea sury at the Transport Office', to take up vessels for New South Wales. They are advertised, for, and the lowest tender accepted, Clothing and provi sions for the support of the convicts during the _voyage, and nine months afterwards, are sent from the Victualling Office, and medicines are furnished from Apothecaries Flail. An account of the stores' allowed for 100 male or female convicts, is to be found.. in the Appendix. • The owner of the vessel provides a surgeon, who undergoes an examina tion at Surgeon's Halland the Transport Office. He is instructed to kepi a diary, not only of theillness on board, but of the number of convicts admitted on deck ; of the scraping the deck, cleaning the births, and general treatment of the transports. The sick aie to be visited twice a day, the healthy once. He is ordered to ,take the greatest precau „ ten against, infection, and to fumigate the clothes of those taken to the hospital. He has not only power to use medicines, but also the stores, if . any sick be in 'want of greater nourishment. He is further instructed to transmit to the Secretary Of State auy observations which may occur to hiM productive of improvement• in the mode of treat _ inent, and he is paid a gratuity of 105.6 d. for every convict landed in New South Wales.. The instruc tions to the master arc eanally satisfactory. Ile is to be particularly cautious to receive-no diseased ...person on hoard during the voyage ; a..proportion ; of the prisoners is daily to be admitted upon deck, and the births of all cleaned and aired ; end these things arc to be noted in the log-book, which is afterwards submitted to the Governor of New - South Wales ; and if the conduct of the master appears to have been satisfactory, he receives a gratuity of 50/...1f the contrary should turn out to' be the case, a power of mulcting' him is given by the contract, and he becomes 'liable to a prose cution. The ration of provision is fixed, and ap pears to be amply sufficient fOr the support of the men ; about 200 men or. women arc generally em barked on board one ship, with a guard of 30 Men and an officer. Such are the present regulations fot,•,the voyage ; and however bad the treatment of the 'convicts on board , the vessels may formerly have been, the present system appears to your Comthittee to he unobjectionable. The witnesses speak of it in terms of high. commendation, par tcularly two of those who have been sent out as >avicts: 00-rem& Macquarie ; in his last dis patches, mentions the good treatment of the pri7 so - tiers:On board the two transports -last sent out ; and a stiii stronger yroof of the improvement in tlie ;tiocl6 of ccmveyancevis, that from the year 1795 to 1801, of 3,833 convicts embarked, 385. • died on board the transports, being nearly one in tea ; but Since 1301, of 2398 embarked, 52 only died on the passage, being 1 in 46. The only further Ohl rya ion 'your have to make on his party:,` the -, j) . i,ect is one of regret, that no arrangem , nt whatever is made fir the per- . farniance Of Divine Service during this six mouths: voyage ; that this, which is the heaviest part dg their plmkinnient, is also th'e least likely to pro duce reformation. With the dispatcheS fr0m .. (36- vernmenta list of the convicts is g enerally sent, but this list has generally been very deficient in particularizing the offences which they haVe been convieted,; and in distributing them upon their arrival, the - Governor has no eine to guide hini in giving to them more or less adVaritageoussitnations, according to the nature of their crimes and cha racters ; this is a neglect easy, and at the same time nio'..t necessary, to be corrected. ' Upon the arrival ofa transport; general orders are issued for returns of the number of men - wanted, with the land _ held in cultivation by each settler. The trade, age, character, and capacity of the convicts , are, as far as possible, investigated; the artificers are in general reserved for the service of Govern ment, and as inanY . of the others as may be wanted. Persons who have been in a higher si tuation in life, have titkets of leave given to them, by which they have liberty to provide for them- Selves, and are exempt from all compulsory la bour; similar tickets are given to men unused to active employment,•as - gold - Smiths and others ; the remainder are distributed amongst the settlers, as servants and labOurers. The convicts in the . service of• Government m are divided into gangs —every gang has an overseer, :And ,every two or three gangs a superintendant ; these are frequently' choSen from amongst tha;e convicts who best conduct themselves. They work from six in the morning till three in the afternoon, and the re mainder of thedaY.is allowed to them, to be spent either in amusement or profitable labour for theta-. Selves. They are clothed, fed; and for the most part lodged by Government and though in the early periods of the ColOny; iucOnvenienee and distress may have arisen from the irregularity of supply final this country, latterly the, food and cloathing• have, been good ; and, generally, speak ing, in sufficient - abundance. Should the con- Viets misconduct 4hemsBlves at their work, the v.- . . superintendants hare` no power of inflicting any. punishment, - but are for that purpose obliged, to M i ke them before a / magistrate ; the sitting magistrate . of the week at Sydney may order a punishment of twenty-five lashes ; regu lar Bench, which . consists at least of. three, may order as many as three hundred ; and 'in the dis twit parts of the colony; a single Magistrate has the same power with the Bench 'at Sydney ; but a heavy punii.hment is not executed without the pre-' vious apprObation of the Governor. Another mode of correction ; and' that which your Committee 'would:recommend to be preferred, in as many cases as possible, is to• sentence the culprit to work a certain number 'of clays in the gaol gang : he is here obliged to labour at some public work in irons, from six in the morning to six 'at night, and no hours are allowed him for profit or amuse ment. • - The convicts distributed amongst the settlers, are clothed, supported, and lodged by 'them ; they work either by the task, or for the .same number of hows as the Government convicts, and when their set labour is finished; are allowed to work on their own account. The Master has no . power over them of corporal punishment, and. this can. only be inflicted by the interference of a Ma gistrate ; if the master be a Magistrate himself, he can order no punishment to his own serval:t r but must have recourse to another Magistrate. If.the , servant feels himself ill used by his master, be has power of complaining to a Magistrate,' who will, if the complaint be well founded, deprive the mas ter of his servant. It is. so much the interest of the settlers to keep their, servants in good health, and to attend to their conduct, that your Commit jee have heard , no evidence but in commendation of their treatment, and of its effects upon their _morals and comfort. Indeed, itis most manifest that where two or three convicts are domiciled in a family, removed from their former companions, and forced into habits of industry and regularity, the chance of reformation must be, infinitely greater than when they are worked in gangs, living with each other other amidst all the. indueethents to vice which such a town as Sydney must af ford to them ; and such by all the evidence ap pears to beeffect of this system of distribut ing them amongst the settlers. Nor is it to be lost sight of, that in the service of settlers they are likely to acquire some kpowledge of farming ; and that if from convicts, they' become Well-be haved and industrious servants, a farther pos sibility is opened to them . of becoming pros perous and respectable settlers. On these grounds your ,Committee recommend as much as possible "their distributionba.s servants and 'labourers to individuals ; and they have ob served' with much satisfaction, that. such ap, pears to be the system : pursued at present by Go vernor Macquarie ; nor will such an arrangement materially increase,the, exppise in Government, or impede the progreSs of its works. It is to he found in the evidence of Mr.' Commissary Palmer, that the expense of each: : corivict in the .service of Government was abont,4o/,'a-year, and that a free labourer at SYdney Could be hired for 70/. but that he would do nearly twice as much • work. Mr. Campbell states the annual expense of a convict at 301. but in the other pointheagrees with Mr. Paliher. Soße of the benefits' of this systeni.must be lost where too many convicts are given to'one master, hind :in some instances forty have 'been put under, the controul ()fa singleset der ; .but from the extent of some of the farms, such a distribution appears to be unavoidable.—, In the distribution of . femaleonviats, great abuses have formerly prevailed; They were indiscrimi nately given to such of the inhabitants,as demanded them, and were in general rather received as pros titutes than as servants ;. and so far from being in duced to reform themselves, : tie disgraceful manner in which they were disposed of, operated as an encouragement to general depravity of manners. Upon the arrival of Governor Nigh, two-thirds of the children annually . born within the : colony were illegitimate. Marriages have latterly become more frequent, consequently prostitution is stated to have been less prevalent, and Governor Mac- , . quarie is dire.ctingliS - OPfteavdurs, under orders from the Government here, " to keep the female Convicts separate till they. can properly be dis tributed among the inhabitants;*in such man ner as they may best derive the advanta , res of industry ,and - good character." " Ile ftirfher 'states - , in his dispatch, dated* April 30, 18716,'- that the situation of the coliiny requires that us many male convicts as rossibie should be sent thither, the prosperity of the country dependinv on their numbers ; whilst, on the contrary; female Conlicts are as great a:drawback as the others are beneficial. To this observation your Committee •feel they cannot accede ; they are awkre that the, women sent out are of the,Juost Abandoned -description, and that in' many, instances they are likely to whet and to encourag4, the vices of the men, whilst but a' small' proportion will make any step towards reformation ; but yet, with all their vices, such women as these were the mothers of a great part \ of theinhabitants now existing in the colony, and from this stock only can a reasonable hope be heldont of a rapid increase to the popula tion ; upon which increase, here as in all infant colonies, its growing prosperity in a great measure depends. Let it be. .remembered too, how much misery and vice are likely to prevail in a society in which the women bear no proportion to the men ; in the colony at present, the number of men,, compared to that of the women, is as two to one ; to this, ina:great measure, the prevalence of stitution is reasonably to be attributed; but in crease -that proportion, and the temptation to • abandoned: vices will also ,be increased, and the hopes of establishingfeeliqs of decency and mo rality amongst ,the, lower • classes will be still far ther removed. . 4, _ [To be continued.] STIEFVIC.D, A JG. 25.-- 7 -It is with sorrow and shame for the character and credit of otir.town we must record, that on Tuesday - and Wednesday last tuniultuons bodies of people visited the shops of the meal-sellers, and partly by violence, and partly by producing forged lists of the names of 'dealers, consenting to their impositions, cOmpelled - them to dispose of their respective stocks of flour at 3s. - per, stone. Notwithstanding the . remonstrances and exertions of the magistrates and the military to prevent' the progress of this system of rapine, withont spilling_ the blOod Of the 'offenders in the . streets,At was so long and so successfUlly . carried on;that incalculable quantities of flour were Obtain 'ed after the above rate, many persbns pawning their clothes and furniture tuproctirea scanty-sup ply of bread, while it was to be had §o . cheap yet these may find it dearer thanif they had given 74, per- stone for it from their earningS; having paited for temporary provision - with permanent necessaries, at a :nominal price, which pthough far below the value, they may norbeabfe to repaycto' redeem. 4--lonesty_ is always thebest'policy ; and no man was ever- the better in the ead•for a bad action, : if Me mystery of Providence could' be un ravelled by human sagacity, and sin, as a cause, traced to punishment as its.eifect, we are persuad, ea that even in this world it would be found, that every thing got by fraud or injusticei4 more dearly purchased than at market price... Ent .not only the poorest MT:Wires in this distrist whose families were pining, at - home for want of food; thus feast ed themselves at the expence of the meal-sellers, Others, Who assuredly were .not-under the neces sity of plundering their n'eighbours, likewise availed themselves of that riot which it was their - duty to have discountenanced and' icpressed; and had the knavery to send to purchue flour at the dishonestprice fixed by an enraged populace. We do not hesitate to say that ever.; one of these has been guilty of robbery to the amount of the aa . -vantage thus basely obtained, and thq are bonnd, in conscience to make full and inntediate restitu tion to thOe whom they wronged . . To- these rubre desperate and deluded wretches -wlo-were the ac tors in these iniquitous scenes, We:say, that they who run with a multitude to do greatly-de ceive themselves when they calculate-that time guilt which is divided among so many, is nothing ; ,such, unless they are providentially prevented; al ways do more than they intended when they set out in the fUry and intoxication of the moment, corn .. nutting'excesses. PLYMOUTH, ALT G, .---Mon day night th e towns of Plymouth, Plymouth-Dock, .StonehOuse,. Tor point, and. •Saltash, with their vicinities, were splendidly illuminated, in consequence of the late glorious victory near Salamanca. All the regi ments in garrison, the Gloucester, Cheshire, Lan cashire, Shropshire. Roscommon, and Somerset Tegiments, were stationed round the lines sur rounding Plymouth-Dock, and at a quarter 'past nine at night, on the firing a - rocket from theea-' valiere . Battery, five great guns - were discharged, as the signal for commencing firing, which' began with the troops - on the lines . at Mount Wise, and ended at the Western Barrier. This was repeated three times, -/ the men standing in single files i ,and :discharging their pieces in . quick succession.) The effect of this mode of fit - 14g, pursued as it was thi'ough all the obliquities ofthe works, was , sin gularly impressive. • After the firing had ceased, a rocket from. thetavaliere Battery, ,gave the sig nal to the, soldiery to cheer, which again began at Mount Wise, and ran round : the, lines, deepened by the voluntary shouts .of ~the populace within and,without the works. ...This was an intere , ting ai4impressive moment-7a moment in which Eng lishmen—soldiers, or citizens, joined in one. general peal of exultation. The illuminations, we understand, were to be repeated. In the month of August, 1811, the ,Queen of tTRURIA arrived at Rome, and was put into a convent, with her daughter ; a rigorbus prohibi tion. being issued against suffering herto comtuu-. ,nicate with any person whatever ; neither - was any one suffered to approach a window of ,the . convent. Nobody knows what . became of her son, the King of ETatiatA, who was separated from his •mother when she was arrested and'sent to Rome. As soon as the . Queen was in , the • con vent, the French Governor of Rome went thither, apd deprived her Majesty of her jewellery, •and every thing of value that she had. A pension was assigned for her subsistence. AGRICUT TURE, &c. FAILMING SOCIETY. Oh the 13th iil3tant, W:l3 exhibited the first au nuat :Cotde 6hevv, by the ~.‘lembersol - the D Month EArining Club. The Cattle being examined by a ‘,lo:l:o3,it'';q: of the Club, tilt_ premiums were a 4; u tig , tl, as follaW • To Da';id Prio;lei Esq.:of ilieg‘o:e, for the pest three-years old hu11.5. 1 . 38. John Esq.. Clisterlill, (son of the late Mr. Brodie of tipper Keith, ou of 'earliest and most seccessful of thi. Scots improvers of live stoak, for the Lest two-year old quuy, 34. of Buecleugh and Queensberry, for the best ram, J!. G , ,,..rze Ferule, Esq. Draidwood, for the best two-year old. filly, at. 3., On this occasion, notwithstanding the inauspi cious circumstance of its being a first attempt, and its not having been generally known till with in a short time of the exhibition, a very consider- • able number of excellent liye-stock was presented. The judges seemed to, be particularly well pleased with Mr. Brodie's two year old quey, which, for handsomeness, and symmetry of form, has seldom been equalled, and seeme:l, in the estimation of all, decidedly tb carry off the palm, though au other belonging to Mr. David,. of Dalhousie Mains was admitted to possess many estimable properties. There was an excellent show of rams, and that which' , obtained the premium was admitted to be one. of the handsomest which was ever been seen in this quarter. . There has long existed among the farmers in the neighbourhood an unaccountable prejudice, which seems now to he fast passing away, that the district being more particularly adapted to the growth of corn, it is in vain to expect it shall ever excel in the breeding of live stock ; but this is evi. dently fallacious. It is as easy, and nearly _as cheap, even in the first instance (and it will cer,- tainly be round more profitable in the long run) to , breed stock. possessing t e most estimsihle pro- . : perties, as those of an, opposite description. All that seems to We requisite is, a little more atten-; Lion than- is usually bestowed .in selecting and coupling the most proper animals ; and_ we have , 4kubt -that, untier.tke auspices .of this- I nstitu alike conspicudus.for its ,numbers, respecta bility, and public spirit, as well-as by the aid of the .other sister establiShments in the nei,„hb(sur hooj,. a very great and rapid -improvement will shortly take place in this department of rural economy. 7 , . A model of ayreaplng machine, constructed by a .Mr. Richardson, -was laid. before the Members, which although imperfect in itsirresent construc tion, ,-yet seemed to 'afford the promise of some- . thing better. We understand the ,Members have t;LZ,Ted a rer.-1:4 of 500 guineas to the person ,whO shall* be so fortunate as to succeed in this great undrt,tirdng. 4 The Members of the Club, aftersthe.shoW, sat down to an excellent *dinner in, the-horse of Mr- Davidson, arid evening was' spent in that Convi viality and good' humour fox-which - Agriculturists in general, and'those of this*tlktrict- in particu.r . lar; have'been long so ; d'eserVeilly 'celebrated.-- - 'Scotch Paper. , PREF ERRED. PRICE OF STOC; Bank Stock, 2211 229. Nau 5 per Cent. 00a4 4 per Cent. 75i 7( 3 per Cent. Red. 59/ 3 per Cent. Con.-58ii/ Bank L. Ann. 15 13-laths India Stock, India Bonds, Cs. 7s. di?. LONDON Printrd by THOMAS WOOD, of 1'4).35, Maiden-lane,' Covent-garden; and Published by WILLIAM ARMIGER? SCRIPPS, tAnith Molton-street, Grosvenor-sqttare. _ _ . P. 111,1. lOf Pre frlr the Editor. &c. roost. void). 11111 Ct hn adAraecnil The Rev. James Harrison, M. A. of Catharine-hall, Cam bridge to, be Head Master of the Free Grammar School of Morpeth, Northumberland.--The Rev. Rohert John Franco, M. A. to the rector of, Kidley, Suffolk, on the presentation of Rohett Reeve; Esq.flev. G. H. Hoßev, to'the recto:Y.af, HarkfOrd, with Whitewell, Norfolk, on the, presentation _James Hollev, Esq. of Blickling.—The Rev. George 13nrges! , A.R. by the Lord Bishop of Ely, to the vicarage of HAW' gate, Norfolk. ' .;HIS Royal Highness the Duke of York has been pleased fo appoint the Rev, :John William Mackie, A. M. Student 0 . 1 Christ Church,_Oxford, to -be. one of his ILOyal Highuess!i Doinestic Chaplains. BIRTHS. • . On Wednesday 'last, at Wood Green, Cheshunt, the . Laq, of Charles Elton rrescott, Esq. of a . Daughter. , g .On Thursday, at his house in Somerset-street, the Lady 01. Henry Felloweq, Esq.• of a Son. - - - • Yester,lay, in Upper: Harley-street, the Lady of Georg Smith, Esq. M. P. of a D4u7hter. . • _ The same day,,in Bloomsbury-square, Mrs. D. Cariutber i . of a Daughter. • M :Mitt ED. . On Thursday, at Queen-square Chapel, Bath,. J. Smith, Esq eldest son of Ha.skett Smith, Esq. of Sydenham, Ken t ' to Elliabeth Hicks, youngest daughter of the late .I.W. Hick s ' Esq. of the Island of Jamaica. On Tuesday the 12th inst.-at St:George's, H a n o ver-squar e ! , 'Mr. J. C. Burgess, Artist, to Charlotte, only• daughter ref Anker Smith, Esq. A.S.A. • • DIED. - On'Sunday last, at Windleston.e, in the - County of Do r t ' ham, in the 72d year of his age, Sir. John Eden, Bart.% gid e ' brother to Lord Auckland, and.to Lord Healey. His WI will not only be much lainented by his alluded family alp ft lends, but will also he severely felt by the.whole Count)", in which he has long been respeeted, and beloved foe his fir" furl benevolence and hospitality. He was formerly jtt Refire,'; sentative in Parliament, and has 'been dearly fifty .year. , : ‘ active' Magistrate, and•Chairfnanhf the . luarter Sessions. At the Battle 'of Saldmanca, Captain . .Dickins, of • the IP I Light Dragoons, second. sou of Francis,Dickins, Esq. of WC haston-House, in the County of Northampton • On Thursday the.'iDtli instant, -Misg Le ekeY' daughter of the late Deputy •Letkey, of Basih!ghall-strect . . • On Saturday last, in, his 58th year,. najor-Gcaeral - trick, Of the East..lndia Company's Service. • On the St inst. after a tedious illness, at his lodging's • Gay-street, ir,lath, ,Qatit, Peirce Dalton, late of the t ith Oil the - 22d inst. at her gramlfather's,.Little Bardgeld-liaY Essex.,, Isabell.a Ann, eldest daughter of William NValfor". Esq. of- - ilighbeeelt, itt the same. . . O o t n t wife. of Creorge f,-.7, r iers° l it Es i ;. ha o e thei f .,:is i . -t al a iru :l s :f n al n i y i l i s ;i i : a i i - e llonse, in 4, she County o f P the ~.'Ol4 l , ye74 . .r:Ckf lliS age, Leer iane~ r i'oWer-street, Mrs. Sa rah Dribliald, aged 64, . • Ott Ttlesday last, at. ,Tillnister Lodge, Godstone,. Sur re ' - i in the. I.Cfn - Year' of her, age, Barbara, second daughter 0 • .A.l%l3;.ltniler Mackay, Esq. of Qtven-square, Westminster. • C 0111: INIAIZKET, - AUGUST 28. Si4s at Lancet. Snips sold. Price. 87 'Newcastle . . ()If 435• Od to 5'25. ' 14 Sundeiland . . . . 10.1 . . . 425. 6d. to 45s- Ed. Stone Coal - /I . . 55s.'0d. to 5G5• !KS YESTERDAY. Exchequer Bills, aid. per WI Is. dis. Is. pr. • Ditto, aid. per day, 4s. SS. pr .- - 01uniniu; 504 . Imperial a per Cent. 58i Ditto Ann. Cons. for 9th Oct. 5913. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROWi. Morning, 3 minutes after 8.- I - Evening, 28 minutes after • • 11