The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-01 00:00:00

THE HIGHLANDS BEFORE THE ERA OF POTATOES. (From the Inverness Conrier). The, most correct, and certainly the most lisealy and interesting account of the Highland s, prior to the Te he belliem of 1745 is conineci in the `beettess rom No•:th of Scotland," understood to written by t: t d l© Burt, an English officer of engineers, f who wa e s ar s s en a t s to Inverness in 1726, and resided . here for sem i : io y n of the a superintendent or contractor in e presses his regret military road's. This gentleman. that the potato had not bee b u Desirous s;,o know the proba I _, periodlP!",roYduecefditstointthreednucotritnhn. and the, general condition of the people knows, amongst them , we have consulted before it was our old towns man, John Maclean, nowin his hundredth year. John wa's a tailor, often employed in town and country, in W or king for families at sixpence a day ; and the infor mation which, in his youth, he could not fail to acquire, " his tenacious memory still retains. Tailors, according to Charles Lamb's humourous essay on the profession, seldom take that light and cheerful every- day-interest in the affairs and goings-on of the world which makes the barber such delightful company. Tan country ntry tailor, haw per must 'be considered an exception from his sedentary brethern in the town, especially when he was wont to perform his circuit round the country-side, and gather news in hall and cottage. Like most old men, our venerable chronicler thinks the present race has sadly degenerated. The people, he says, lived much better, were healthier, and attained to a gresiter age in former times than they do now. Sea son '.3 of famine and suffering no doubt sometimes °c osi-red, and were very severe ; but in ordinary years `the people had more command of the necessaries of life, and, in their homely way, were more comfortable and contented. Potatoes, John says, were first planted and raised here about the year 1756, by " William and San ders Dawson, the gardeners." They did well in the orchard grounds, and some of the neighbours (Job' Maslean's father amongst the rest) began to plarst a few. It was long, however, before the , s,otato became general. "We did not plant many,' said John-, it was a rare thing to have the last of them for dinner on Christmas day ; and before that only one or two diets of them would be taken in tate week. They were mostly kept in a corner of the Muckle hist, and when they were done the people seemed nowise disappointed." The daily food of the common people consisted of oat meal porridge, with milk or beer, for breakfast. For dinner they had sevens (which we may inform our Inglish friends is v. sort of pudding, very palatable, made of the fine flour remaining among the seeds of oatmeal) or kail, with bannocks of barley and peasenseal, and sometimes fish. The supper was always formed of porridge and milk. On Sundays there was generally something extra ; butcher-meat was then cheap, and seldom sold by weight as it is now. The "big pot" with the broth was put on the fire in good time on Sa turday, as all manner of cooking was strictly avoided on the Sabbath. A hare or black-cock could always be had in winter. Nothing was sent out of the country but the cattle which the drovers took south. Everything was cheap. " How could it be otherwise," said John, " when Donald Cameron and his wife, one Friday forenoon, at the market, bought a leg of mutton, a peck of meal, and a cart of peats, all for elevenpence, and to make up the shilling he and the guidwife had a gill of Hollands for the other penny." Salmon was generally plentiful in the season, and could be had at about a penny a-pound. A similar statement is made by Captain Burt, who men tions that he had often seen above a hundred large salmon taken out of the Ness at one haul. He adds— " The meanest servants, who are not at boord-wages, will not make a meal upon salmon if they can get any thing else to eat. I have been told it here, as a very good jest, that a Highland gentleman, who went to London by sea, soon after his landing, passed by a tavern where the larder appeared to the street, and operated so strongly upon his appetite that he went in—that there were among other things a rump of beef and some sal mon : of the beef he ordered a steak for himself, ' but," says he, 'let Duncan have some salmon.' To be short, the cook who attended him humoured the jest, and the master's eating was eightpence, and Duncan's came to almost as many shillings." John Maclean states that little or no whisky was in his early days drank by the townspeople, who preferred good ale, which they had at threepence the Scotch pint. The usquebaugh would appear, however, to have been common in the country ; for Burt mentions that some of the Highland gentlemen—the tacksmen or duinhe wassals—drank it to excess. Old John recollects dis tinctly the first time that he participated in the luxury of drinking tea. The Magistrates were much against the introduction of tea, as they derived a revenue from the sale of ale in the burgh ; but the forbidden beve rage crept into use among the ladies, and from them descended to the common people. John was invited to a rustic party, at which a number of women were as sembled. They sat round the ingle, and handed about the tea in a wooden coy, and the " tailor laddie " on the " creepy stool " got his share of the rare drink, though he was far from relishing it. "It had a wild, harsh taste," he says, " for it was just boiled in a pot, the same as hail or other herbs ; there was not a kettle in the whole neighbourhood, excepting one that Mrs. Ogil vie had." The towns-people of that day acted strictly on the maxim of " early to bed and early to rise." By nine o'clock in the evening almost every light was extinguished, and they were all at work again by skreigh of day. To the old man's recollection —though in such matters the memory is apt to be treacherous, and to dwell only on the pleasant parts of the picture—the people then had more kindliness and confidence in their intercourse with each other than is the case at present. Business was mostly transacted and bargains made by " word of mouth," or " thumb to thumb" (touching each other's thumbs, as we see men now shake hands on closing a bargain). lie recollects horses and cattle being bought and sold thumb to thumb, and the terms of sale were always faithfully attended to at the appointed time. The one or two lawyers in the town were but poorly em ployed, and bankers' bills were never thought of by or dinary persons. There was only one baner here, sad while he attended to his other business (which he considered more important than the bank matters), his lad was left to act as cashier, teller, and accountant. "Changed times now !" said John ; " but though the folk were poor then, they were better off than they are now. They were more contented and not so pinched. There were fewer of them, for I knew every man in the town, and their dogs too." It is amusing to contrast John's reminiscences with the de scriptions of Captain Burt. To his English tastes and ideas of comfort, the people here seemed steeped in hope less poverty—idle, dirty, ill-clad, destitute of trade, their houses, furniture, and implements of all kinds of the most wretched sort ; the servants oppressed by the masters, and the lower classes generally not half-fed, and pos sessing neither spirit nor emulation. We are disposed, however, to believe with old John, that at least among the frugal and thrifty of the poor, there was less actual want, eighty or ninety years since, than is now to be found. There was not such a crowd ing and struggling for the bare means of subsistence. Their standard of comfort was humble enough, but /hey seldom fell far below it. The natural products of the river, the wood, and the moor, were not so jealously guarded, nor the rights of property so rigidly upheld. The subdivision of labour caused by increasing civilisa tion and refinement of taste, the invention of machinery, and the greatly enhanced value of land, have cut off many sources of livelihood and support which, in a more rude and primitive state of society with a scantier po pulation were open to all classes. In the country, the condition of the Highland crofter and labourer was always a precarious one. Of course, when clanship was i n full vigour, much depended on the character of th e c hi e f , who was regarded with Oriental submission, and more than Oriental fidelity and attach ment. The military an d pre d atory spirit was too widely diffused for the successful cultivation of the soil. When the system of clanship declined, and the chief had no ambition for a large " following," the tacksman or middleman became of more importance. The Gartmore manuscript, written in 1747, and first published by Sir Walter Scott, describes the state of the Highlands, after the Rebellion, as wretched and disorderly in the ex treme. A creagh, or foraging expedition, was a common occurrence, and black-mail was regularly levied on the borders and low country. There was no employment for the people, and they were driven to desperate courses. The agriculture, the pasturage, the fishery, and all the manufactures in the country could be suffi ciently managed, this writer states, by one-half of the population : " The poverty of the people is occa s i one d an d conti nued by a cus t om that is presently in use, and hath long continued in that country, viz , the practice of letting many farms t o one man, who again subsets them to a much greater n um b er than they can maintain, and at a much higher rent than they can afford t° The rent was o f ten pa i d in kind or in labo y. ur, ' u ' r, so that the tacksman had the business of his own farm per formed—his corn reaped and ground, his hay lands cleared, and his fuel prepared, by his sub-tenants, be sides sometimes, from th e i r payments, sitting rent free himself, One paid in money, another was bound to shear a given number of stooks, another to lead seaware, or spread pests, or make hay, while some widow or aged cottar furnished a certain number of hens and eggs. There was room for both good and evil in this system, bat it was a bar to agricultural improvement. The tacks man sat easy and had no motive for exertion. lie was generally of a good family, allied to the chief, and possessing his confidence. The crofter had enough to do to scrape up a subsistence. His scanty crop of oats or bar ley was often destroyed by frost and mildew, which hung about the undrained lands like a perpetual pestilence. His servitude to the tacksman, or the pursuit of illicit distilla tion, occupied much of his time, and hence the management of his croft' frequently devolved on the females of the family. Many of the young men entered the army, and in their native regiments proved as brave soldiers as ever charged an enemy. The people were generally congregated in small towns, or townships, each com posed of a number of tenants who were sometimes bound jointly and severally for the payment of the whole rent of the district. They held the land in common, in small patches ; and it was not without difficulty that the present system of independent holdings, each occu pier having his own lot direct from the proprietor, was established over the country. Captain Burt gives a graphic account of one of these rural towns as they ap peared in Inverness-shire about the year 1730 : " A Highland town, composed of a few huts for dwel l_in_gs, barns and stables, and both the latter are of a pi r ice or d e i diminutive size than the former, all irregularly tance, look like so wmay, some another, and, at any dis glens and straths whichalleaps of dirt; these are built in al are the corn-countries, near rivers and rivulets', and also on the aides of lakes, where there is some arable I,the support of the inhabi tants; but I am now to 7 1 e:1 3A of the manner in which the lower order of the Hi with the spring of the year. Highlanders live, and shall begin " This is a bad season with them, for then their provision of oatmeal begins to fail, and, for a supply h bleed their cattle, and boil the blood into cakes, - sv , t hi e ch together with a little milk and a short 0,1191741 m of SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, 184 , r ---- oatmeal, is their food. It is true, there at e- small trouts, or something like them , in some of the little , rivers, which continue in holes among the rocks,which ar. a always full of water when the stream has quite ceased fo r want of rain; these might be a help to them in this stf Arvifig season ; but I have had so little notion in all my i Journeys that they made those fish a p art of their die 4 that I never I once thought of them as such till this ) pr open tackle, bet neat. It is lik e ly they cannot catch them for want 01 : ' but lam sure they cannot be without tb.e m , for want of leisure. What may seem strange is, ',nut .l Bey do not introduce roots among them (as po,"catoes, ll or the pur pose) ; but the land they occupy is so ver y little, they think they cannot spare any pact of it fr , 0 1 their corn, and the landlord's demand of rent, in kind is another ob jection. You will perceive. lam speakii ig only of the poor people in the interif,r parts of the r sountains ; for near the coast, all ?,round them, there are few confined to such diminuti'e farms, and the most net :essitous of all may share, upon occasion, the benefit of N ssrious kinds of shed-fish, only for seeking and fetching. " Their cattle are much weakened by v.rant of suffie . i ent food in the preceding winter, and this imam oderate I-;i ee d., ing reduces them to so lower plight that in. the r . „, un i ng they cannot rise from the ground, and scrve,ral of the inhabitants join together to help up "Ach other's cows, &c. " In summer the people remove to t he hills, and dwell in much worse huts than those they le' ave below ; these are near the spots of grazing, ar,d r..re called shealingq, scattered from one another as oc ,erasion requires. Every one has his particular space of pasture, for which, if it be not a part of his farm, he ~ , ,,,,y s. " When the grazing fail', ~ the Highlanders return to their former habitations, farW the cattle to pick up their sustenatvle among thP, I..aath as before. At other times the chTildren sharp the milk with the calves, lambs, and kid' s; for the';', - milk the dams of them all, which keeps t'neir raurg so lean that when sold in the low-country t they are chiefly used, as they tell me, to make soups withal; and when a side of one of these kinds hangs up in our market of Inverness the least disagreeable sight is the trasparency of the ribs. "About the latter end of August, or the beginning of September, the cattle are brought into good order by their summer feed, and the beef is extremely sweet and succulent, which, I suppose, is owing, in good part, to their being reduced to such poverty in the spring, and made up again with new flesh. Now, the drovers col lect their herds, and drive them to fairs and markets on the borders of the Lowlands, and sometimes to the north of England ; and in their passage they pay a cer tain tribute, proportionable to the number of cattle, to the owner of the territory they pass through, which is in lieu of all reckoning for grazing. " But nothing is more deplorable than the state of these people in time of winter. They are in that season often confined to their glens by swollen rivers, snow, or ice in the paths on the sides of the hills, which is accu mulated by drippings from the springs above, and so by little and little, formed into knobs like a stick of sugar candy, only the parts are not angular like those, but so uneven and slippery that no foot can pass. They have no diversions to amuse them, but sit brooding in the smoke over the fire till their legs and thighs are scorched to an extraordinary degree, and many have sore eyes, and some are quite blind. This long continuance in the smoke makes them almost as black as chimney sweepers ; and when the huts are not watertight, which is often the case, the rain that comes through the roof and mixes with the sootiness of the inside, where all the sticks look like charcoal, falls in drops like ink." There is a touch of the fastidious Englishman —nay, of the Cockney—in this picture of the horrors of winter. Much comfort has been enjoyed in a Highland bothy even in the depth of a snow-fall or the severity of a black-frost. The little township had its occasional days of merriment and nights of festivity, when the scattered groups were collected together from the different huts, and rejoiced over the simple cheer of the glen, inter mixed with song and legend. The painting, however, in its general featu res , i s t oo t rue , and it still holds good of a large portion of the crofters. " Still, they tread the same rough way, The present's still a cloudy day." The poverty, the smoky huts, the want of cleanliness and steady industry, and the suffering of the spring season, in too many instances, yet remain. The intro duction of the potato effected no real improvement. It increased the amount of available food, but being so easily produced, it discouraged industry, and the popula tion multiplying still more rapidly, the general mass was reduced to that state in which they depended solely on potatoes for subsistence. The conversion of large tracts of land into sheep-walks also contracted the demand for labour and the means of support, so that, although above sixty thousand persons, of the crofter and cottar classes, have emigrated from the Highlands since the period of the American war, thebropulation is still felt to be too numerous. The remedy is—cultivate the waste lands, drain, trench, and improve, and thus create both food and labour. We have already made vast progress in render ing the land productive and the hills valuable, but we have been indifferent as to the condition of the people. Let the upper classes now bestir themselves, and make what seems a great calamity in the rural calendar of the north, a landmark from which we may date a new course of advancement. THE COAL AND IRON TRADE OF AMERICA. (From The Weekly Liverpool News). RESOURCES OF PENNSYLVANIA. Two great elements of a nation's manufacturing great ness—coal and iron—are found in the greatest abundance in the United States. The iron district, which spreads through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Western Virginia,; traverses regions exuberant with coal, and abounding in water power ; and, travelling further west, we find in Ohio, Kentucky, and particu larly in Missouri, immense stores of metalliferous wealth, adjacent to the most fertile agricultural districts. It is to Pennsylvania, however, we -oust chi( fly direct our at tention, where two-fifths of all the iron in the United States is made. The United States contain SO,OOO square miles of coal, which is about sixteen times as great as the coal measures of Europe. A single one of these gigantic masses runs from Pennsylvania to Alabama, and must embrace, itself, 50,000 square miles. Out of fifty -tour counties of Pennsylvania, no less than thirty have coal and iron in them ; and, out of the 46,000 square miles of Pennsylvania, which form its superficies, there are 10,000 miles of coal and iron ; while all Great Britain and Ireland have only 2,000—50 that Pennsyl vania alone, has an area of coal and iron five times as great as that of Great Britain. The qualityof the coal and iron is as rich as that of Great Britain, and they have the advantage of lying near the water level ; while those of the latter country are sometimes more than 1,000 feet below the surface, and are excava ted through subterranean passages. The four mining districts into which the southern coal field of Pennsylvania is divided, are the Lehigh, the Schuylkill, the Swatara, and the Susquehanna ; the for mer of which is owned by the Lehigh Coal and Naviga tion Company. The summit mines, which are situated on a high ridge, at a place called the Mauch Chunk Landings, possess remarkable advantages for mining, which has long been extensively prosecuted here. The coal bed that is worked at this place is somewhat extra ordinary in its character, consisting of a mass, lying in a horizontal position, about 50 feet thick, and appearing to be constituted by the junction of numerous veins. This bed is worked by removing a mass of earth and loose stones, to the depth of about 20 feet, whun the surface of the bed appears, and the coal is quarried, not in subterranean darkness and with a lamp, but by the light of day. The northern or Wyoming and Lack awana coal field is about 60 miles in length, and from one to six in breadth. Beds of coal, varying from one to thirty feet thick, which are exposed among the hills by deep channels and ravines, are worked, almost entirely, by individual enterprise. It has been estimated that these three fields of anthracite coal embrace about 975 square miles, and as each cubic yard of coal in the ground yields a ton when mined, we can hardly estimate the enormous quantity of this useful product which is em bedded in the soil. The actual amount of coal recently mined may be ascertained from statistical data. It ap pears that the coal trade is yet in its infancy, for in 1820 only 365 tons were sent to market ; in 1830, 174,737 tons ; and in 1840, 865,414. The quantity produced from each of the mining districts during each year now exceeds 1,000,000 tons, more than 800,000 of which are conveyed to other states. Another of the most prominent enterprises of Penn sylvania is the mining and manufacture of iron. It is, doubtless, well known that this is the great iron State of the Union, and its soil yields that most valuable me tallic product in abundance. The iron ores which are scattered over its surface are various in quality. For example, the magnectic oxide of iron found in the south mountain between the Delaware and Susquehanna, yields from 60 to 70 per cent. metallic iron, while brown and yellowish argillaceous, or hermatite and pipe ores, which are extensively worked along the borders of most of the limestone valleys, contain from 45 to 60 per cent. The fossilliferous orelthat is excavated near Danville, in the county of Columbia, and in other places in the Union, Juniate, Huntington, Bedford, and other parts of the State, contains from 40 to 60 per cent. of metallic iron. The iron ores are alse most extensively found in the cashni manufactureat h rdra r soc a eru i r t oc e ew( ali3nt 30 hdn of t b vtoi i ehr t rsueoyonme largepl inous coal region, and of the sam e a e y r both ce an i u n t . a En; ironstonequantities iled as n t ifd h nr aottamunoidtsshe the fact tes fstoo.hrfa the e e t rt h S i t g a h te ly w pr e i r s e ed. the Thatothers iron pecie i s s not rfooand, bog iron i t hasn o become s excavated in almost every county of the state, and its best species are found to yield from 40 to 50 per cent. of metallic iron. The great abundance of iron and coal, which are scat tered throughout the soil of Pennsylvania, has naturally induced the construction of numerous iron works ; for, as before remarked, iron is one of the great staples of the state. Almost every county in the state pos:3esses its furnaces, forges, foundries, and smitheries, where iron is wrought from a crude state irate bars and pigs, and moulded into steam-engines, as well as the numerous smaller sorts of manufactured implements, such as scythes, nails, cutlery, and the various kinds of utensils of husbandry. It has, indeed, been estimated that the value of iron produced throughout the state, and the ad ditional value given to it by its manufacture, amounts to nearly 822,000,000 dollars annually, and that there is i consumed in this manufacture during each year about 188,000 tons of anthracite and bituminous coal. It has also been estimated, from authentic sources, that there are employed in the various branches of the manufacture of iron throughout the state 20,000 to 30,000 workmen, and that a population of 120,000 to 130,000 persons are here depending for their support upon the different de partments of the iron business. A considerable portion of the iron that is used by the cupola furnaces of Phila delphia, besides that which is produced by the state, is the iron of New Jersey and other states, while the roll ing mills of Pittsburgh work large quantities of blooms from Ohio, Kentucky, and Virginia. It has been esti mated that the average amount of iron yielded by ore in the furnace is about 37 1-2 per cent., which Koduces prte ton of metal to two and two-thirds of a ton of ore. To yield 190,000 tons of iron, which is the estimated annual product of the state, requires 506,666 tons of iron ore. The largest amount of iron produced is in the counties of Northampton, Lehigh, Berks, Lancaster, York, Cum berland, Franklin, Bedford, Huntingdon, Centre, Co lumbia, Armstrong, Clarion, and Venango, although, in other counties, a considerable quantity of this metal is yielded from furnace and forges. There are air and cupola furnaces, rolling mills, steam engine factories, nail factories, scythe and sickle factories, axe and edge tool factories, cutlery factories, factories for shovels, spades, and forks; gun factories, car, carriage, and wag gon factories, plough factories, and sheet iron factories. According to the census taken in 1840, Pennsylvania had 213 furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron and castings, which produced 100,000 tons; 169 forges, bloomeries, and rolling mills, which annually manufac tured 87,254 tons of bar, rod, sheet, and boiler iron, and nail plates. The capital invested in iron works is about eight millions, employing 12,000 persons, who, with their families, would number about 100,000. It will thus be seen that Pennsylvania possesses withi❑ itself a fund of mineral wealth nearly as great as that of the whole of Europe: which time, capital and enterprise will in all probability speedily develope. But mining operations are not confined to the state of Pennsylvania alone. Last year there were 13,000 tons of bar iron made in the state of New York,'' chiefly in Essex and Clinton counties. Near Baltimore city, 20 furnaces aro in operation, giving 20,000 tons per annum; and so great has been the impetus given to the iron trade, that in every direction new furnaces are being constructed. In the vicinity of Danville 40,000 or 50,000 tons of coal have illumined the hearths of the furnaces in that region last year. The Montour Iron Company have three of the largest furnaces in the country, the product of which is about 4,000 tons, each, per annum. In Massachusetts, manufactures in iron are carried on to a considerable extent, as will be seen from the follow ing abstract of a statistical statement prepared for the Legislature, showing the manufacturing position of the State in 1845 : Val. in &Is. Cap. invstd. Hands. 538,966 377,685 422 94,441 48,225 94 331,890 167,600 145 . 102,550 49,350 93 Articles. Anchors, chain cables, &c Axes* and other edge tools Brass articles Britannia ware Buttons, metal Butts or hinges Cannon 56,080 51,500 60 25,390 3,500 49 82,000 120,000 48 Coal, mineral, and iron ore. 21,669 ...... 71 Cutlery Engines and boilers, steam 208,546 127,000 221 Fire arms Hollow ware and castings, other than pig iron Iron, pig Iron railing, fences and safes. 129,300 53,000 87 Jewellery, including watches &c. Latches and door handles Locks . 305,623 126,225 293 3,200 750 10 60,070 23,600 75 2,022,648 1,103,850 2,421 15,000 5,000 12 Machinery ... Pens, steel Ploughs and agricultural tools Rolled and slit iron & nails 2,738,300 1,906,400 1,729 Scythes Shovels, spades, &c. 275,212 123,950 259 Tacks and brads Tin ware 793,624 343,710 719 It will thus be apparent that the spirit of commercial and manufacturing enterprise is not alone confined to one locality. In other manufactures, such as lamps, stoves, balances, umbrellas, &c., the State of Massachu setts is making rapid advances. Hats and caps give work to more than 1,000 persons ; boots and shoes to 45,877 ; and many of the other branches of industry, common to all countries, in similar proportions. Glass also forms a prominent feature in their manufactures, the capital invested in this branch alone, in this State, being upwards of 700,200 dollars, employing nearly 700 hands. It may be interesting to mention here that in the United States there are 19 glass manufactories, hav ing a capital of 2,000,000 dollars, and giving employ ment to several thousand workpeople. In Virginia, valuable mines of coal and iron are found, many of which are regularly worked. The coal fields stretch over an extent of land, with short intervals, for more than thirty-five miles, and in some places the seam is upwards of forty feet in thickness. In Spottsylvania, in this state, there are seven iron mines in full operation, with the necessary furnaces, &c., and others are being erected to develope more fully the mineral treasures which lie near the surface, and are easily attainable, al though generally at some distance from the coal. There are many of the districts in the United States teeming with mineral productions, which the enterprise of the capitalist has not yet reached, but which could be readily made available. These, therefore, possess but a minor degree of interest, although ultimately, when that system of internal communication by railroad and canal, which is at the present moment being carried out by the Government, as well as by individual exertion, shall be perfected, these districts will form no insignificant rivals to their older but not more fertile competitors in the more favoured States. From all the information we can obtain, we believe the following to be nearly a correct statement of the whole product of the United States :-540 blast furnaces, yielding 486,000 tons pig iron ; 954 bloomeries, forges, rolling and slitting mills, &c., yielding 291,600 tons bar, hoop, and sheet, boiler, and other wrought iron ; '30,000 tons blooms, and 121,500 tons castings, such as machinery and stove plates, hollow wares, &c. The consumption of iron in nearly a crude state, including that imported, which on an average of five year, is about 100,000 tons, approximate to 42,000,000 dollars per annum—an immense quantity, when it is remembered that the Continental manufacturers, including those of France, Russia, and Sweden, produce no more than 700,006 tens per an: am. The extensive demand for iron both in Europe and in this country, nut only for railroads and ships, but an innu merable variety of purposes, has stimulated the inventive genius of some American, and the result is as important as it is gratifying. Experiments have been made by 111 r. W. C. Green, of New Jersey, at the Boston Iron-works of Sherman and Attrater, of the City of New York, whose extensive iron foundries are in New Jersey. ➢lr. Green's improvement is in the process of puddling the iron from the pig to the bar. In stead of using the pig iron, which costs about 35 dollars per ton, he is enabled to use a large portion of the ore, which costs but 2 dollars 50 cents. per ton, by which he effects, in labour and material, a saving of more than 33 per cent., and he gives a far better quality of iron than that which is obtained from the pig ; as much better in appearance as China is better than earthenware. We have seen and compared, says the Ex press, the new specimen with iron made in the old way, and hare marked the contrast as very great. Mr. Green's secret consists chiefly in mixing a composition with his ore and white in a molten state, by which the carbon is more rapidly ex hausted than it is under the old process, and the iron is thus, in half the time, left tougher and finer. There is an axe factory at Collinsville, near Hartford, Connecticut, in which 45 men turn out 800 axes every day. The axes sell for 13 dollars per dozen upon an average. The demand for them is almost illimitable. They labour in seven shops. The sixth shop is sacred—" no admittance" is writtm upon the door posts. The reason for this is, that a new pro cess for tempering the axes has been discovered—a process by which a hundred can be tempered at once ; and that, too, after they have been ground. It is certainly a most important discovery. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Nov. 28. THE QUEEN V. LONG. In this case a mandamus had been obtained calling upon the defendant, one of the magistrates of Maryle bone Police•court, to issue a distress warrant on the property of a person lamed Bird, who is the owner of several houses in Southampton-terrace, Kentish Town, at the instance of the Kentish Town Paving Commissioners, for paving-rates of the amount of 3/. 9s. 10d. The defendant, in his return to the writ, stated that Bird denied the right of the Commissioners to levy the rate, and therefore the question now came before the Court for trial on the issue. One of the houses, No. 15, projected some feet from the others, and of course pre vented the carrying of a pavement on a line with the other fourteen houses, which were railed in, the outline of the rails being on a level with the projecting house. A public footway had existed along the road for many years, which had been repaired from time to time by those who had occasion to use it. Shortly after the Commis sioners obtained their Act they laid a pavement along the road, and immediately outside the railings. Bird denied their right to sue him, on the ground that the pavement was a portion of the carriage-way. The right of the Commissioners to levry rates for pavements constructed in accordance with their Act was clearly made out, as also was the existence of a footway; but there was a great difference of opinion as to its exact position, some saying that it was in the position where the pavement was laid, and others that Bird had enclosed it. The question for the jury to decide was, whether there was a foot-way, and if there was, whether it was distinct from the carriage-way, or merely a segregation from it —the Learned Judge telling them that, in the one case they should find for the plaintiff, and in the other for the defendant. The jury considered that there was a footway, and accordingly found for the plaintiff. EXCHEQUER CHAMBER, Nod. 30. (THIS DAY.) BREACH OF PRIVILEGE-HOWARD V. GOSSETT. The judgment in the Court of Queen's Bench, given for the plaintiff, some time since, came before their Lordships on a writ of error. Mr. PETERSDORFF was heard on behalf of the plaintiff. his arguments were not brought to a conclusion at the rising of the Court, having occupied the attention of the Court during the whole of the day. COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Nov. 28. CUSTOMS' FRAUDS. - ATTORNEY-GENERAL V. SCRINES. This was an information filed by the Attorney-Gene ral against the defendant, an officer in the Customs, for having participated and connived at the perpetration of a fraud on the Customs, by the falsification of a delivery order. The Attorney General, the Solicitor General, Mr, Watson, and Mr. Wilde appeared for the Crown; Mr, Wordsworth for the defendant. The evidence brought forward in support of the case fcr the Crown related chiefly to the practice of passing goods upon entry, which had been pursued in the pre sent case. As concerned the warrant itself, it apre trod that a large quantity of pepper had been imported by a merchant of the name of Fennell, and that, on the 31st of July, 1845, a warrant and two duplicates were sent through the departments of the long-room of the Custom-house in the usual manner, and that in pass ing through the various stages between the warrant and the delivery, in which the defendant had been employed, his duties lay in the transaction of business between these stages. The witness set forth that 761 pounds of pepper, upon which the duty payable was at the rate of 6d. per pound, and was computed at 191. I9s. 6d., which sum was paid by the importer. The delivery order pre sented at the docks, however, contained an order for the liberation, not of 761 pounds of pepper, but of 3,761, and purported that an amount of duty had been paid, not in the sum of 191. 19s. 6d., but of 791. 19s. 6d. If the quantity of pepper had been correct, even then the duty would have come to as much as 981. 'l4s. 6d. In the register-book of the Customs' offices an alteration had been made in one of the entries relating to the Juan • tity of pepper, the subject of the present information. The numbers upon the dock warrant and delivery order, which should correspond to the same number in the ledgers of the office, instead of doing so, had refer ence to another vessel altogether, from Algoa Bay, the cargo of which, instead of being pepper, was goat skins. Mr. WonDawormr, on the part of the defendant, con tended that there was no evidence to fix his client. It was quite true that some fraud had been committed, but it was quite another question to say that the defendant had been guilty of those frauds. The period at which the fraud was committed was an unusually busy period, in consequence of a resolution of the House of Commons during the passage of the New Tariff Bills to admit coffee and other articles at the reduced rate of duty contemplated by the Act, and the deli very order might have been filled up by a mere error, in consequence of the press of business; then this order was countersigned by the defendant, but his name was nearly, if not the last which was affixed to the document. The defendant, therefore, had not been proved to be the person who committed the fraud, and it was the duty of the Crown to have brought forward some evidence rela tive to the earlier history of the transaction. Mr. Fennell, the owner of the pepper, should have been called, and some other officers who had been dismissed lately for misconduct. The Crown had failed to make out the case, for the issue to be made out was ' clearly whether or not the defendant had committed the fraud in:question. In conclusion, he stated that, although the name of the defendant had been mixed up with former prosecutions, and he had been suspended from his uflice, still that fact should not bo allowed to operate against him in the present case. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL replied at some length. The LORD CHIEF BARON summed up, and the jury returned a verdict for the Crown—Damages, 202/.lBs. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Nov. 28. I . ..WEE:HIED V. 110 LROYD.-GAMING DEBTS. This was an action brought by Mr. Fadeuihle, a wine merchant, doing business in the City, against Mr. Hot royd, a cloth worker, of Leeds, the indorser' of a notc. , , accepted by Mr. Hanks, of London, formerly a grocer, but now a bankrupt. The defendant pleaded that the bill was given without legal consideration, having been passed to plaintiff for a gaining debt contracted on the last Derby - day. Mr Sergeant Wilkins and James appeared for the plaintiff ; Mr. Sergeant Byles and Mr. Matthews for the defence. The promissory note was drawn by the defend ant, and endorsed to Mr. Hanks. It appeared that, on the last Derby day, . Mr. Fadeuihle had a party at his house who had been with him at the races, composed of Mr. Hanks and two gentlemen from Yorkshire, and, after dinner, they proceeded to play at whist. In the course of the evening Hanks lost 281. to the plaintiff, for which he gave an I 0 U, on the understanding that it should be given up when the money was paid. Subse quently the bill in question was endorsed by Flanks, and paid to the plaintiff, receiving the balance, in cash, which, it appeared, was a l so l os t i n gaming. llanks ab out this time became a bankrupt, and hence the present . action. At the ti me th e bill was given to the plaintiff it was alleged, on behalf of the latter, that the defendant owed a debt for wine, and that the bill was given not for the gaming debt, but for that. This was denied by llanks, who d ec l are d pos i t i ve l y that nothingt 1i e i bill was w"haastegvievren for the gaming d e bt a l one, and had to do with the win e . After the examination of a nu m b er o f w i tnesses on both sides, the evidence of which was strongly in favour of the defence, The jury returned a verdict for the defendant. POLICE INTELLIGENCE, MANSION-HOUSE. Thomas Johnson, porter to Messrs. Chaplin and Horne, carriers, was brought before the Lord Mayor, charged with having stolen a truss of silk of considerable value. Mr. Riches, managing clerk to Messrs. Chaplin and Horne at the South-Western Railway Terminus, stated that the prisoner had been engaged by him in the middle of June as a delivering porter for the town, and that on the 24th of November it was the duty of the prisoner to deliver parcels which came by the railway in different parts of London. There were 36 parcels altogether to be delivered by him on that day to various consignees, and amongst them was a truss addressed to Machin and Sons, Twisters-alley, Bunhill-row. On his return to the station he said he had met with a bad job and lost a truss. Witness said he did not understand such a story, and desired him to send the boy in who had accompanied him. Finding that the prisoner did not go quickly, the witness went out and saw the prisoner talking to the boy. The witness, upon questioning both, found a great discrepancy in their statements, and suspecting the pri soner, looked to the delivery- book, and found that the missing truss was a truss of silk worth 125/. Further inquiry confirmed the suspicion, and the prisoner was given into custody. Joseph Webb, porter, residing at No. 7, Little Lent street, Borough, stated that on the 24th instant, as he was going up Blackfriars-road, he saw three parties whom he knew to be bad characters, and he followed them to Smithfield and into St. John-street. After he had watched them for some considerable time, he observed one of them go through a lane leading into Charter-house-square. Upcn getting into the square he saw a green car t w i t h a b rown horse in it, and in that cart were three persons, and the cart was drawn up to the waggon which the prisoner drove, and witness saw the prisoner put a small bale into the cart. It was some where about five o'clock, and nearly dark, and the three parties in the cart drove off. Witness came down into Smithfield, and the driver of the cart whistled to his horse, and it went off at a handsome pace. would lnspector f e in uri N ci V t o h o e d rti ff case e tillrequested a that h week.at the Lord Mayor The pri.soner said h e did not know at all how or where therobeboernyto;s of thekplace,tarnudss. t Remanded tit, l Tuesday week.hat he was equally ignorant of the ten went into a clothes It appeared that the prosecutor purchase, at FinCnhiasr o le f s a C: ,a tt t o c n h :, , as charged with having robbed James twelve o'clock in the . day. The exchange for the put-pose of making whipped the watch out of the an accomplice pocket and ran, but hand pd the watch . _ _ lust sight ot. 13arney as lie went along, and it "'u s he character of with skill and effect, although Aaron, who has ascenclea from t a oner suddenly table, stopped the thief a fighting man into that of a Co. ti,,,ropsertciosutor's waistcoat u ls eatened by some ruf fians in the neighbourhood for iva , for trial. rfering.—Committed CLERKENWELL. ~,.. nt up on re - George Wilmot, alias Smith, was brou, - , iirder Mrs. 'nand, charged with having attempted . to nA -Aber and Susanna Haines, wife of Mr. James Haines, ylin. when glazier, of Paradise-row, Liverpool-road, Ishngton, the Court WAS crowded to excess. Mrs. Haines was brought to the Court in a cabriolet, in a very weakly condition. Mr. Haines, surgeon, who was called upon to attend her after the murderous attack, now attended and said, that she was not yet in a fit state to give her evidence, and it might lead to a dangerous result if she attended at the sessions to give evidence. The prisoner stood at the bar, pale and dejected. He said nothing, and he was remanded until the 14th of De cember. He was taken to prison, and Mrs. Haines was conveyed to her residence. WESTMINSTER. Wm. Smyth, 191 V, was charged with the following gross misconduct:— Mr. Anthony Maggs, of 28, Yeoman's-row, Brompton, stated that at about half-past twelve on Saturday, he was walking along Grove-place, Brompton, when he was suddenly accosted by defendant, who said, " What have you got about you?" Complainant was surprised at the inquiry, and asked what he meant, upon which the defendant said, " I know you very well; you're one of the swell mob." Complainant inquired how he dared to make such an accusation against him, and gave him his name and address, and also that of his father in the same neighbourhood, in order that defendant might satisfy himself of his respectability, at the same time furnishing him with a pencil that he might put the address down. As it was in the middle of tho day, and in a great thoroughfare, a crowd of persons soon collected, com plainant felt very much hurt at the conduct of defendant, and requested him to satisfy himself by inquiries of some of those around them who knew him, whether he was not the person he represented himself to be. De fendant, however, did not avail himself of this oppor tunity of setting himself right, but upon the entreaty of the complainant accompanied him to the residence of his father, at 7, Lloyd's-place. Defendant was introduced to complainant's parents, when he said, in reply to in quiries put by them, that a gentleman in a gig, " whom he did not know," had pointed complainant out as a member of the swell mob. Complainant's father recom mended him to accompany the constable, and relieve himself at the station of the aspersion upon his character, and he accordingly went with defendant to Ebury-street, Pimlico, where Sergeant Forster, the acting inspector, said there was nothing to justify complainant's detention, and discharged him. Complainant was determined not to let the matter drop in this way, and as the station in Ebury-street belonged to the B division he requested to know where he could find the superior officers of the V division, in order that they might be at once ac quainted with defendant's misconduct, and Sergeant Forster immediately sent a man with him to the nearest station of the V's, where, for the first time, the defendant said that the charge against the com plainant was for takinc , a purse from a lady. The de fendant further observed, at the V station, that Colonel Rowan was the person who gave the complainant into his charge. The defendant was then asked whether he knew Colonel Rowan, and said he did not, but de scribed his appearance. Defendant—l told him at his father's house that he was not in my custody, and he went to the station of his own accord. Complainant—He told me about ten minutes after I left my father's house, as we were going down Sloane street, that I might go ; but I was determined to go to the station in vindication of myself. After some further proceedings, Defendant, in answer to the charge, said that a gentle man in a gig pointed Mr. Maggs out to him as a member of the swell mob, and the gentleman stated himself to be Colonel Rowan. _ _ _ Mr. BURRELL observed that the case was clearly made out against defendant, who had conducted himself in a most unreasonable way. In his opinion, the story about Colonel Rowan was a mere fiction, defendant having, from some inexplicable motive, taken the complainant intt) custody. He should fine defendant 31., and, in default, commit him for a month. THAMES. Edward Lock, alias Laughton, alias Locklee, a man about 30 years of age, described in the police. sheet as a theatrical hosier, was charged with breaking out of the dwelling-house of Messrs. Martin and Co., linendrapers, Whitechapel-road, and stealing money and securities to the amount of 310/. Mr. Pelham stated the case for the prosecution. On Friday night last Mr. Thomas Martin, one of the proscutors, deposited gold to the amount of 35/. in his cash-box, below which he placed securities and I 0 U's to the amount of 2251. more. The box was placed, as usual, for security in a desk in the counting-house, a small room in the shawl department, at the rear of the premises. On the following morning, at six o'clock, Mr. Martin's attention was directed to the state of his shop and the fastenings. The street door was open, the box of the lock was off, and two bolts had been drawn back. There were two locks on the shop door, and both had been removed. On further search he ascertained that the cashier's desk in the shop had been forced open, and the slide of the drawer or till forced away. The counting-house door was not made fast on Friday night, because the lock was out of repair. The desk appeared to be all right at the first glance, but some chips on the floor caused Mr. Martin to institute a more rigid examination, and he soon discovered that the bottom of the desk had been cut away, and the cash-box and its contents removed through the aperture, without disturbing the lid of the desk at all. There was a pane of glass taken out of the window at the back of the counting-house, where the thief had entered from a lobby, and, after removing the bottom of the desk and stealing the cash box, he found no difficulty in retreating by the door into the shop, in an opposite direction, and left the premises by the street-door. A ball of v,ax was, inserted between the door and the door-sill,which caused it to stick fast after it was slammed to on the exit of the burglar. The police constable of the beat pushed against the door several times during the night, while going his rounds, and it appeared to be fastened in the customary way. The suspicions against the prisoner were founded upon cir cumstantial evidence. After some further evidence, the prisoner said he was not in Printing-house-square on Friday night, but this assertion was negatived by Mr. Tipper, who said the prisoner did not sleep at home on Friday night. On searching the boxes of the prisoner the police-constables found three files and a knife. They also found in his sister's room a mask and a hammer. A piece of the wood cut from the desk was produced, and the indenta tions upon it corresponded with the size of the hammer head. None of the cash, bills, &c., had been traced. The solicitor requested a remand for a week. His re quest was acceded to, and the prisoner was remanded till Monday next. Charles IVoohnore was charged with committing a murderous assault on two police-constables, named John Earl, 13 0, and Hugh M'Kallan, 47 K. After hearing evidence, Mr. BRODERIP sentenced the prisoner to one month's imprisonment for each assault, the last sentence to com mence at the expiration of the first. THE TICKET Sv STEidl. EXTENSIVE FORGERY. At the Lewes petty session, on Saturday last, two labourers, named Howell and Johnstone, were charged with having obtained a quantity of goods from Mr. Payne, as outfitter at Lewes, by means of forged railway tickets. The tickets were forgeries of those issued by Mr. Ayres, the deputy contractor of the Keymer branch of the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway. They were printed on little bits of paper, and were as follows:—" Deliver to bearer the sum of one shilling in goods.—Signed F. Ayres. Payable to Benjamin Flint' only." It appeared from the evidence for the prosecution that the prisoners a few days ago went to the shop of the prosecutor and purchased a variety of articles, consisting chiefly of wearing apparel, for which they paid in rail way tickets. On the following day another attempt was made to obtain more goods, but the forgeries in the meantime having been discovered, the prisoners were apprehended. On being charged by the officer who ap prehended them, the prisoners admitted having the articles, and asserted that they "cashed" the tickets for a person whom they did not know. Mr. Ayres, the contractor, stated that the tickets were forgeries, and that he never employed either of the prisoners. He said, in reply to the magistrates, that the name of Benjamin Flint on the ticket was the person from whom he received the money. Mr. Woollgar, one of the magistrates, said the bench were diidedly opposed to the ticket system; they thought it was bad from beginning to end, and the sooner it was put a stop to the better. Ho well, one of the prisoners, said in his defence, that he had met several men, one of whom said he had been at work for Ayres, and as he wanted a pair of boots at Bridge's, where Ayres's tickets would not pass, he wished to ex change them, and that he (Howell) gave him 20s. of Wymark's for 225. of Ayres's, and that he also gave another man 11. for 33 more ls. tickets. It also appeared in evidence that some hundreds of pounds of these tickets had been forged, and that several other persons would _be apprehended shortly. The prisoners were fully committed for trial. Foatzicav POTATOES.—The arrivals of potatoes from abroad during the past week have comprised the follow jug :—.The Gyps):from Jersey, brought 45 t ons , t h e produce of that island; the Ruding, from Oporto, 10 baske is of Portuguese produce; the Johns, from Rouen, the la rge quantity of 135 tons, the growth of F rance; the G ffe, from Rotterdam, 20 baskets, of D u t c h pro duce; the Faith, from Rouen, 105 tons, of French pro duce; the Charles, from Gravelines, 50 tons, also of French produce; the Perseverance, from Dunkirk, 14i tons, the produce of Normandy; the Ocean, from Rot terdam, 4 hampers, 6 baskets, and 12 bags, of Dutch produce; the Rob Roy, from St. Petersburgh, 225 bags, the production of Russia; the Sir Robert Peel, from Rotterd tem, 6 bags, of Dutch produce; and the Artemus, from St. John's, Newfoundland, 10 barrels, the growth of that 7 13)ritish province of North America. It will be observe'& that this list of the principal arrivals during the past. week comprises supplies from France, Holland, Russia, Normandy, Portugal, and the Channel island first mentioned, and from which latter place we have re ceived p . arcels of the vegetable on former occasions. Of them, tl - Lose from France are especially noticeable on account of their extent, and the individual importation from Ru tsia on account of its increased extent, and from Portugal, owing to its partial or entire novelty. With respect to the arrival from Newfoundland, we are not aware th at a similar one has before taken place, and, although trifling in quantity, the importation, on ac count of its novelty, would appear to possess a consi derable e legree of interest, and to be worthy of particu lar ands eparate notice. TEE 'WEATHER. -- LEEDS, Nov. 29.—Last night we had a. heavy fall of snow, which came very gently, and covered the ground to the depth of six inches. The waather, for several days preceding yesterday, was damp and dull ; 'but a sharp frost set in on Friday night, and continued until yesterday afternoon, when it gave way, and was std cceeded by the first fall of MOT( this seasell. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. BRISTOL, NOVEMBER 30. STOCK Excm..NGE.—The sales are—Caledonian, New, 2/. 6s. 3d.—Great Western, Quarters, 18 1 / 2 —Ditto, New, W I - Midland, New, 6 1 A—North Staffordshire, 3% p.—South Devon, 33. LIVERPOOL, NOVEMBER 30. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Birkenhead, Lanca shire, and Cheshire Junction, 1 1 / p.—Birmingham and Oxford Junction, 6% p.—Caledonian, 1% dis.—Ditto, Halves, 4 dis.—Chester and Birkenhead, 51 3 / 4 —Ditto, Halves, 25 3 / 4 —Ditto, New, 201. Shares, % p.—East Lancashire, New, No. 1,3% p.—Ditto, New, No. 2, 4 p.—Ditto, New, scrip, 1 3 / 4 p.— Great Grimsby and Sheffield, Quarters, 3 / 4 dis.—Hud dersfield Canal and Railway, 5 1 % a p.—Leeds and Dewsbury, 12 3 / 4 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, par—Ditto, New, 'Ff 3 p.—Liver pool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junction, 4 dis.—London and North-Western, 194—Ditto, New, Quarters, 134 p.— Manchester and Leeds (late Huddersfield and Sheffield), 5 p.—Ditto, Extension, 1 p.—Ditto, Halves (late Liver pooljand Bury), 3% p.—Ditto, Extension, 1% p.—Midland, 126—Ditto, 40/. Shares, 8 p.—Ditto, New, 4 3 % p.—Newcastle and Carlisle, 113%—North Stafordshire, 3% p.—North Union (B), 151—North-Western, % p.—Shrewsbury and Hereford, % dis.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), 2 Ditto, 9/. 12s. 3d. Shares (B), p.—Shrewsbury, Wolver hampton, and South Staffordshire, % p.—Shropshire Union Railway and Canal, dis.—Trent Valley, Midland, and Grand Junction, % p.—West Lancashire, Is. 3d. p.—West Riding Union,l 7 % p.—York and Newcastle, 384—Ditto, Preference, 5% p.—York and North Midland, Preference, 10% p.—Newry and Warrenpoint, 1% p.—Great Luxem bourg, 34 dis. MANCHESTER, NOVEMBER 30. STOCK EXCHANGE. —The sales are—Birmingham, Lanca shire, and Cheshire Junction, 1: 1 / 4 p.—Churnet and Blythe, dis.—Eastern Counties, York Extension, 1 3 4 p.—East Lancashire, No. 1, New, 4%—Ditto, No. 2 (late Liver pool, Ormskirk, kc.), 4 c. p.—Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding, 1/ dis.—Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal, 5 1 / p.—Leeds and Thirsk, dis.—Ditto, New, % p.—Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, 12 1 4 p.—Ditto, Ex tension (green), 1% p.—Liverpool, Manchester, and New castle Junction, t 4 dis.—London, Manchester, and Birming ham, 73%—Manchester and Leeds, Halves, 10 p.—Ditto, Fifths, 5% p.—Ditto, Extension, 04 p.—Manchester and Southampton, 10s. 6d. dis.—North Stafibrdshire, 414 s c. p.— North-Western, 3 4 p.—Oldham Alliance, p.—Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, p.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), 2 1 ,E p.—Shropshire Union, 7-16 dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4, 1 / 2 p.—West Lancashire Coast, 1 4 dis.— West Riding Union, lj s p.—Wharfdale (late North-Eastern), % dis. DUTCH MAIL. VIENNA, Nov. 18.—We learn that a law will be shortly published with respect to the abolition of the Corvees in Galicia. It is said that the Archduke Stephen of Bohemia, where he has become a favourite among all classes of people, will soon leave Prague, and take the place of the Archduke Louis in the cabinet of the Em peror. A. Bourgrave is to be appointed in Bohemia, which post is to be confided to Count Stadion. FRANKFORT, Nov. 22.—1 t is still uncertain whether Cracow will remain a free city, like Brody, or whether it will be included in the jurisdiction of the Austrian Customs. The merchants of Cracow are very important purchasers at the fairs of Frankfort or Leipsig. It is hoped that Prussia, the most important state of the Zollverien, when it was decided to abolish the Republic, has taken care to provide for the interest of commerce which is already so restricted in the eastern provinces. FRANKFORT, Nov. 24.—The Vienna Gazette publishes a commercial treaty between Austria and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. By this treaty the differential du ties on the productions of the two countries are to be abolished, and an entire freedom of trade and naviga tion between them to be established. The Council of Administration of Warsaw has given notice that the existing duty on . coffee: of fifteen silver roubles per cwt. shall he placed on an equality with the duty levied on that article in Russia, viz, nine silver roubles and twenty-five copees. The Cologne Gazette at length breaks the silence which it has hitherto observed relative to the affairs of Cracow. It endeavours to prove that France and Eng land have no right to attack the measures adopted by the three northern powers. The author of this article, after having observed that, in fact, Cracow had for a long time no more than a shadow of independence; after having insinuated in the second place, that Cracow was no more free than the lonian islands are at present under the protection of England, continues as follows: "By what right do France and England complain of the violation of the rights of nations ? Is not Algeria also a free country, which the conqueror treads !under foot in contempt of the laws of humanity ? Have the Cossacks treated Poland in a more barbarous manner than the inventors of the razzias treat the women and children of unhappy Africa ? and have they not the same right to liberty and independence ? W . We do not mean to justify th e p ar titi on of P o land, but it is not for the Guizots and the Palmerstons to reproach us with it. We do not pretend that our Ministers and statesman do better than France or England ; but we affirm that they do not act worse." TUE HAGUE, Nov. 25.—11 is Highness Duke Her mann of Saxe Weimar, who has passed some days in this town, set out early thi s morn i ng f or R otter d am, w h enc e he will continue his journey by way of Belgium and France. Nov. 26.—His Majesty the King left us this morning to go to Soetsdyk. Her Royal Highness the Princess of Hesse arrived here to-day from Antwerp.—Dutch Papers, Nov. 28. DARING BURGLARY AT YORK.--011 Wednesday morning last, at one o'clock, four men entered the house of Mr. Wilson, of West Cottage, which is situated about a mile and a half from this city, on the Boroughbridge road, by taking out a window at the back of the pre mises. The thieves went up stairs, covered the inmates overhead with the bedclothes, and threatened that if they afterwards said anything about the matter they should all be murdered. After the robbers had remained about an hour in the house, they decamped, taking away with them a quantity of wearing apparel, a sovereign, and 9s. in silver ,—Yorkshireman. FOREIGN B'AICKS.—A parcel of :30,000 bricks has arrived by 40,000, by th e C ata li na, from Antwerp,a 'Vessel from Hambuirgh, and another of both cargoes being clostil4edi lin re-exportation. LEEDS, NOVEMBER 30. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—East Lancashire (Blackburn and Preston), 41/s p.—Ditto, No. 1, New, 41/2 c. p.—Ditto, No. 2 (late Liverpool, Orrnskirk, &c.), 4 1 4 c. p. —East and West Yorkshire, 13s. Gd. dis.—Huddersfield and Manchester, 5 1 A p.—lluddersfield and Sheffield, 41/$ p.— Leeds and Dewsbury, 11% n. p.—Ditto, Branches (blue), 7% p.—Ditto, Extensions (green), 345. p.—Leeds and Thirsk, % dis.—Ditto, New, % p.—Ditto, Preferentials, p.—Malton and Driffield Junction, 20s. p.—Manchester and Leeds, Fifths, 5 p.—Ditto, Extensions, 1% p.—Manches ter, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 21s. n. p.—North Bri tish, Thirds, 51s. p.—North Staffordshire, 3% p.—Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, 275. p.—Wharfdale Junction, 10s. dis.—York and Newcastle, New, 7% p.—Ditto, Preference, 51 i p.—York and North Midland, Preference, 9 1 4 p.—Ditto (East and West Riding), 12 p.—Leeds, Wakefield, and Mid land, 17s. 6d. dis.—North-Western, 13s. p.—Northern Coun ties Union, 1 1 / 8 dis.—West Riding Union, 4. lIULL, NOVEMBER 30. STOCK EXCHANGE.—TO-day but a small amount of busi ness has been done. Prices, however, are improved, and the market is wearing a more favourable appearance than it did at the close of last week. The sales are—Blackburn, Dar wen, and Bolton, 11—Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding, Is. dis.—Leeds and Thirsk, p. cash—North British, New Quarters, scrip, 20s. 6d. p.—North Staffordshire, 31. 18s. p. —North Western, 15s. p.—Preston and Wyre, Halves (A), 3 p.—York and Selby, Preference, 91. 19s. 6d.—York and Newcastle, Preference, 5 1 4 3 p. YORK, NOVEMBER 30. STOCK EXCHANGE. —The sales are—Direct Northern, 2 —lpswich and Bury, 12 1 / 2 —London and York, D. 45.--Mal ton and Driffield Junction, 3—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 3/. 3s. —Ne wcastle and Berwick, 34—North British, Quarters, 3 1 / 2 ex new—North Staffordshire, 6- 1 A North-Western, 1/. 17s.—Sheffield, Rotherham, &c., 3% Wharfdale Junction, 2—York and Newcastle, New, 13— Ditto, Preference, 7X—York and North Midland, Half Shares, 46—Ditto, Extension, 37 1 / 2 —Ditto (East and West Riding), 17 1 / 2 —Ditto, Preference, 12%. EDINBURGH, NOVEMBER 28. STOCK EXCIIANGE.—The sales are—Aberdeen, 18 1 ,k — Dundee and Perth, New, 10 1 4 —Edinburgh and Northern, 15% ex int.—Ditto, Newport, 81s.—Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, 51s. 6d.—.North British, Thirds, 725. 6d.—Ditto, Quarters, 675. ex thirds—Ditto, New Quarters (scrip), 30s. 6d.—Shrewsbury and Hereford, 1 ls. 6d.—Stirling and Mid land, 50s.—Strathern Junction, 76s.—Direct Bombay and Madras, 7s. GLASGOW, NOVEMBER 28 STOCK ExciialiGE—The sales are—Caledonian, New, 425. —Caledonian and Dumbartonshire, 37s.—Direct Bombay and Madras, 6s. 6d.—East of Fife, 31s.—East Indian Rail way, I Is. 9d.—Glasgow General Terminus, 11 3 4—Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, Halves, 71. 17s.—Glasgow, Dum fries, and Carlisle, 51s.—Glasgow, Airdrie, and onkland Junction, 375. 6d.—Glasgow Harbour Mineral, 28s.—Great Southern of Madras, Bs. 6d. —Manchester and Southampton, 27s.—Midland, 30 1 / 2 Ditto, Halves, 61. 2s.—North British, New Quarters (scrip ), 32s.—Scottish Grand Junction, 10s. 6d. THE ARMY. PROMOTIONS AND PURCHASES.-Thirty-six gentle men ;have been gazetted as cornets or ensigns in the Army during the preceding month, twenty-four of whom have purchased their commissions, varying in price from 4501. to 1,200/. and amounting in the aggregate, to the sum of 12,7701. The following non-commissioned officers have been presented with commissions during the month, and have also received the usual bounty of 100/. to assist them in their outfit as commissioned officers.-Sergeant-Major C. Carter, to be Second Lieutenant in the 2d Regi ment of Foot; Quartermaster and Sergeant P. Owen, to be Quartermaster in the 36th Foot; and Sergeant- Major J. Swaine, to be Quartermaster in the 56th Foot. Forty-three ensigns have been promoted to the rank of lieutenant, twelve without purchase, and thirty-one by purchase. Amount which has thereby changed hands 5,5501, the regulated difference of the commis sions varying frrin 2501. to 3501. Thirty-seven lieutenants have been promoted to the rank of captain, twenty-six without purchase and eleven by purchase. Amount which has thereby changed hands 15,6201., the regulated difference fur the commissions varying from 1,1001. to 2,7501. Two hundred and two captains have been promoted to the rank of major, one hundred and eighty-eight by brevet, eleven without purchase, and three by purchase. Amount which has thereby changed hands 4,1501., the regulated difference for the commissions varying from 1,350/. to 1,400/. Seventy-seven majors have been promoted-to the rank of lieutenant-colonels, fifty-five by brevet, twenty with out purchase, and two by purchase. Amount of pur chase-money 2,900/., the regulated difference for the commissions being 1,3001. and 1,600/. One hundred and eleven lieutenant-colortels have been promoted to the rank of colonel by brevet. One hundred and six colonels have been promoted to the rank of major-general by brevet. Forty-five major-generals have been promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general by ditto. Thirteen lieutenant-generals have been promoted to the rank of general by brevet. Three generals have been promoted to the rank of field-marshal by brevet. Three assistant-surgeons have been promoted to the rank of surgeon, and five medical gentlemen have been gazetted as assistant-surgeons during the month. In the Royal Marines, six colonels have been promoted to the rank of major-general. Three lieutenant-colonels have been made colonels. Two majors have been made lieutenant-colonels, and eighteen captains have been made majors. CHATHAM, Nov. 30.-The 56th Regiment, lately ar rived from Manchester, and at present quartered in Chatham barracks, is under orders for embarkation at Gravesend, en board the ship Herefordshire, on the 10th of next month, for Gibraltar. THE ARMY IN IRELAND.-The troops in Ireland for the month of December consist of the 2d Dragoon Guards, Newbridge; the 6th ditto, Dublin; the Ist Dra goons, Cork; 2d ditto, Clonmel; 4th Light Dragoons, Dublin; 6th ditto, Longford; 7th Hussars, Athlone; Bth ditto, Cahir; 13th Light Dragoons, Newbridge; 17th Lancers, Dundalk; 3d Foot, Dublin; sth, Buttevant; 26th, Dublin; 41st, Mullingar; 44th, Belfast; 47th, Cork; 49th, Galway; 55th, Limerick; 59th, Limerick; 64th, Kilkenny; 67th, Cork; 68th, Dublin; 70th, Tern plemore; 75th, Athlone; 83d, Dublin; 85th, Birr; 92d, Enniskillen. The depOt companies of the following re giments on colonial service:-Ist Foot, Newbridge; 7th, Newry; 15th, Waterford; 29th, Boyle; 33d, Mullingar; 38th, Londonderry; 48th, Dublin; 54th, Kinsale; 66th, Templemore; 72d, Nenagh; 73d, Clare Castle; 77th, Fermoy; 79th, Castlebar; 82d, Fermoy; 88th, Birr; 93d, Naas; 95th, Tralee; making in all, including bat talions of the Royal Artillery, companies of the Royal Marines, and Sappers and Miners, about 24,000 men. The latter have been actively employed in furthering the public works for the relief of the poor. POTATOES.—We have previously stated that in many cases in this neighbourhood where the farmers had allowed their winter potatoes to remain in the ground,instead of hurrying them into the market at the early part of the season, they found their crops in a much better condition than they could have anticipated, the long interval of dry weather in the autumn having arrested the progress of the prevalent disease ; and though the potatoes were small, most of them were sound and good. We are glad to find that this statement has been generally verified, but we have just heard of a re markable exception. Mr. Hebson, farmer, of Birklands, near this town, planted about an acre of winter potatoes, and allowed them to remain in the ground as we have mentioned, but on going lately to examine them , the tops of all he took hold of broke off by the soil, being com pletely rotten. He bad them afterwards ploughed up, and was not able to find a single sound potato on the whole acre.—Kendal Mercury. REPRESENTATION OF KNARESBOROUGH.—A meet ing of the liberal electors of this borough was held in the Court House, on the evening of Thursday week, at six o'clock. Mr. Thomas Addyman in the chair. The following resolution was agreed to :—" That, while this meeting has heard with deep: regret that Henry Rich, Esq., has decided to relinquish the prospect of again re presenting this borough in Parliament, it begs to tender to him its best thanks for his services, not only as a lett faithful, but also for his unwearied and useful exertions to serve the public and private interests of all connected with the town, without respect of creed or party." The meeting then entered into the consideration of adopting measures to secure the return of two liberal members, as the state of the registration appeared to leave no doubt that such a consummation might be effected. Letters were then read from several gentlemen who had offered to become candidates, but it was deemed advisable to de• fer coming to any decisive line of action at present, es pecially as the time for calling a new Parliament was un certain ; but it was considered necessary to be provided with two candidates to be ready to take the field, which should be decided at a future meeting.— Yorhshireman, i1k."."."......-1.1"•$* " WORKS by ROBERT 3. CULVERWELL, 111.. to One Shilling each. es no" (173 ' an't 811 Pen ..., Li Con Mae : 0 N nu ll t lt cry l.. , E D LI F L ws of Paternitl--; 116'itiel-- a lietottlonc Analysis of the Affeetions - E zely direction-Marital Anticipatlens and - ~___,o, ewe i . 1 ei , Maternal Influenee-Phestomena of Gestatitne ..nreages_ Infertile Unions -Incongruous Alliances L0n_,,,7,4 Nepeeienoo Matches-Curiosities of Twenty-three Years' aoon ifee.&e. 2. nrEAIEIiTS On CHASTITY and its casm (An Essay for 1846.) " Of human ills and frailties 1 discorre, wed. Conventional Restraint-311 s Those taught by nature, sustain. 13. Whichgriefs The lonely and the mai.: 4-- ' „-_ ~,, _ e In kindly spirit, herein cottn-l e l 0 e." ines n a to gain. How health, how hope, how haP? 3. e a .ri ng e d, a nd i Boazip7oirn AVOID WHAT to EAT, DRINK, And a an t t a in fed ent an " d cesagn.o, With Diet Tables tonsil COMO tut s- nu fee eeee r Contents :-How to ensure perfeet digestion, Venn,. „ a , ollt good night's rest, a clear head, and a contented Int'i'ile nee. servance of Vie instructions herein contsting the feebleri...„„ ac quire vously delica 'e, even to the most shattered constitutin ~_r"o l ',ltb it the greatest amount of physical happiness, full period of life allotted to man.what Shu 4/ 4 How we should live-what eat, what drink, _ To reach in health full threescore years and ten." n o bjects . These interesting little volumes, although bearing uP O , _, t oner very delicate import, as their titles imply, will be fott e u ry o u e y ' ing ere; surable and general utility, for they tell of matters ev _a,_..fludde, 0 and reaen lit - i l leated t ii°9% tare able t, understand ought to know, but w hich I " these enlightened times, except that qualitV Prow - questionab e hannels, iii at a very terrible discount. _ ...,_,,, +N os c o l In the exposition hereby offered of the till now inror,:it jog nature, et human disappointments and their ways of r ___U.,",,hysiel .1! contended that ever; render shall teeetne his or lit fr,,', l tus o _,' any more than their own lavrysei, 1-at tit IS insisted _lra; t he la t n should know the simple principles of our owa Organuewyeoi tiettid.4 whereby our existence and the issue thereof in the.= .. indt , i,rid states depend, the duties that are expected of 113 theln °u: bea:P capacities in the family circle, and the terms on WhiCh ,.. f oy, , happiness of the present and future race of mankind bov ifidA; By such knowledge, and which is herein faithfull9d r a ' pti j , health will be found to be in our own keeping, °jl t in f ult111"1 8 within the attainment of all ; by the availment here _ iir offor io our duty to ourselves, we secure the like advantages In t i dee 0 at , to follow, and finally by the cultivation M our faculties ho ly fjo J consistent with degenerate health, the mind as well as tr,,,, ; L ila , be exalted to the summit of perfection, as best becomes '- of God's creations. The author's justification for this seeming eulogi , be / 00 th e lugs, and the avowal of their integrity of ngrpose, nians" tee th at by their perusal-his accredited qualifications gue - i.it topics broached involve his legitimate study and Purauc7;ffaibs, or To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; 0c 0.010; to Fleet-street ; Hannay, 63, Oxford. street ; Mann , 3 t (w direct front the Author, 10, Argyle-place, Regent-stree au anale,. Great Marlborough-street), who may be advised P till l'i lli matters daily till Three, and in the Evenings from Sulu GO° ‘, „ a d VI . A POPULAR TREATISE on the HEALTH, LIF`" - Oa 0 of WS 00 Writodt of the BODILY FUNCTIONS. Pest 001 NINETEETII EDITION, price 2s. 6d. ;_ Free by 1 gO ll THEEnvelope) 3s. 6d., . . ‘ ed;efit. SILENT FRIEND. A . I ' l ' - of . ..„o°' condary Symptoms, Sec., en the loss of the reproductive powers, lictio - gue tion. The baneful effects of Indulgence, IllustratedeeTiglethne DI, /,, gravings ; followed by observations on Mar riage. -MO . PERRY and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London. t ide ree' ot olii Published by the Authors, and may be b ad at 146, l'l ti o e siar d' Sold by Strange, No. 21, Paternoster-row; Geardo, ~,i Co •, - , are fully pointed out. 0. see Part I. of this Work is particularly street ; Purkis, Compton-street, Soho ; Hanni u' - _ - ' e st street, and 37, Roy al Exchange ; and all hooksel ler '! these W b f est prevented from forming a Matrimonial Alliance, throltWoductie taro disqualifications, and will bef eund an ova l ...,e lable eed. .„,_ elfO r the means of perfect and secret restoration to too':, d igs/is - f oil n Part 11. treats perspicuously upon those ferns r i l tee cei, , 1 0 0 0 addressed to _„, 0 0. if, _ te i their primary or secondary state, arising ft ein e dical 4.1 7' how numbers who neglect to obtain competent to fed td upon themselves years of misery and suffering. i. ,.wely ei rec . a , be The CORDIAL BALM OF SYRIACUM is e_,C,,:„ . wes lol "d, eitta,: the cure of nervous and sexual debility, irregu'" 'bits. an bar renness, loss of appetite, indigestion, consume ids . ha . 333. per ties arising se* from venereal excesses, eeo• An r tie. The hive-pound cases may be had as usual. w v, mo f The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESS - e blel_ n d" - WI syphilitic remedy for searching out and purifYi u g i face , P "„,. OW: n w ereal contamination, scurvy, blotches on trio bea n ; D ares - , &II in cerations, and those painful affections arising f r° gds. ' ent, secondary-symptoms, and all eruptions of the 45. 0 , and 335. per bottle. ' • e s ts- 9d i l i fes , i t PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC FIL LS P, 1 , 0 etpc• ' and 11 e. per box, are the most effectual remeol ' ,eout l' irlat 8 . flammation, irritation of the bladder, Ste., -- 10 - business. e f co° e ace , • te Mae _..4d A Consultation fee, if by Letter, 1 1,. A main t t beir . ,,To, Sr ' c° Price 110. Ana cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendancaproen u'' 19, Bemers-street, Oxford-street, London, fOra„,elyo. five till eight; and on Sundays from eleven till "" yol#ll At' ,-,,-, ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES '''' . n ingag• r ic. Just p W ub l li T s H hed, TW T E w il ertie - th irWMA Th E o Tlj us C i i d O F iniLEl: ;11:11.-°111:e°Li 11sg L P;11-1 6: 1; 2s. 64., or post paid, to any address. for 3s• 6d' in direct from the Author's residence. At diC al a 7 llf ' °tl Q ELF- PRESERVATION: A --l ie , sod y 0t0.5 1., on the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Y, 0,4 of -"tn'g Illustrated with Twenty-five Coloured Plates °';,dact."o,lo.6oo their various structures, uses, a n° ,;,.. - rl e O b. ,i ' f“...ses - °I Physiology, and Diseases of the ITrinarY arl d ,„ e tteP tion s ',r is,. t .e . fele explaining the injuries that are produced in them, by Oti u " - ,,, -- estta,,, e ",4 l o ,° " - excesses. With Practical Observations on the - .. n d oto" Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakn ess ' - 00 CX ' the Urethra. Matriculated Member MITE Mem L be l ; ,KNG q : Oa C on te 9, Bedford-street, Bedford-stru ar , e 'y,dlo b " - yle Ao'fiftEheßTlT,niCvoeNrsSi:Tyoz-soci- ventid,:m, Member of the London Hospital Medica l Apothecaries' Hall, Lond & dr oliCel on, c., &e, ,a. im VW .e . CONTENTS OF THE TELEAf""p w ith ''"' e Vntaltfe CnArrrita 1. On the Philosophy of Marti a „ g „,"e odti c , h ly , Gieu e , t ;res i and Obligations, and on Infelicitous and ",",`,. t of '""_;„ tbo"„e0 0 'CHAPTER 2. On the Anatomy and Physitouol,,,, prov''''thys-ter Organs, their functions, structures, and secretio_O-tneteDe4to elicnoss Mental and Physical Power are dependant 111 )° , ni ° • e as e ih ° e ftu i . --CHAPTER 3. On Solitary Habits; ille ir .„,l'ol a l ..e ao o ,. f i st , ' Animal Economy ; the concealed cause of .'"-- o t 0 - (0 00 00 0, of the Stomach, Lungs, and Brain, and g oer_ Lo de/a y . Mental Faculties. CHAPTER 4. On the Secr et i t ; Loos) d t h e* and Maturity, and the Treatment of Nervous 0 2, 0 0 a roe:" Mental Debility, and Premature Decayr.-CtrAvr oesS, the Disorderr arising from indiscriminate •-• .. Gleet, Strictures, and other Diseases •f Wong, uretnra tegoxoce 61 REVIZWS Or TUE , ... i , is $ _ , "The author of this singular and talented ~,,derable,icalellil a; f t l h ed ia t medical man, who has evidentlY ilue - ,_ - „ ° , 5 , 1 , reel' ',,, a .,,e10 r- „ :fai t frailties It:eat of the various disorders at. -- e nre An te' w hie; e os t dition s early indiscretion. The engrol'lns o wes, t o , r act __, _by . demonstrating the consequences of .!,, n o Di, t 10 m.. .; g a u ott es iLjtarY warning to youth and Molu t r . ll l l ;,t stll o idea peal, ev e , °us may be satisffictorilY t e ,,P ll , Er ' d eco; 6$ to the most confidential bl eil ,„.. - ~„„I a t his 1' 61 011 46 ' Publ' ished by the Author, "-- Tr a enal AO e el from Oxford Kent and lticharcls, 52, l'aternoster-roW at - ; te rp Oxford-street. Stasis, Tiehl)rne-street, Quaur,_a styeet, ' 1 " . 00 Lead - enhall-street, j - -le Churet , ad e i ee and by all ,ondon Newton , , or - et o " Booksellers. At Home r vine till ( li eel, or consultation daily, from --- ~.,,,d te, ~,ey Five till Eight ; and all letters immediately reeil-,,,1 Y the fee of W., for advice, &c.-9 es sTIIP` - BEDFORm - SQUARE. LONDON, WELLINGTON ribayMeoeNlattpmaeEdNsTincoellwe r o t i b il;?i n ti t 111 ,, e. ......- -- -114 n HlLL.—Thirty - - JPA C i td WO( e gay throng forming a pro-cession fr°°300000:1; th e th Wellington,. to lay the foundation o f the „ te , s • honour of the illustrious Duke of WeliPrilliftl3, th e se c mblage of visitors to the spot summit of the range of Blackdown its elf % f r.,' preseateetrousiand Oct' o casion, and never before had so na te Jou ° 0 Pe; of spectators been concentrated on the so da t ool thenceforth destined to distinction, hY F r a. e dmir ati tf c' y I °A" manent testimonial of the reverenee,,c, g eo i 4, s Ow gratitude entertained by the surrounut-_Porrio .. e, gratitude public, towards one of the most illustrieuol, h i s ovm o jell ever achieved his glories to the bene sl casiou withte the and the welfare of posterity on t he °cciated e P re we allude, the late Lord So.mervill, ss°,l6q,, wt coo' triangular monument, dis sucamated, and the foundation-st°ee late truly estimable W. A. Sauci ferd i ''to he o fthe:ioftf minent in their promotion of the o bjec o, , laid both o e i, lasted ace s u of ffi ilyfge,tors• ipoblof •hie t° n d doting ° ts have as ceroi , an the E 1 . ng Ish and Bristol Channel, frora all P i bo o within Our ed"°r h e e the western division of Somerset. ire ths t l of fil e l : e a n n t 13; ml e g s . pen which so exultin4 rded the 1. ' a t its D or Yellin to y reco , lame der g 00 , g n monument should ou",, au ds re e dell° , 6 The elevated position on which it s' so f the fia hte sailable to the most subversive ilifl, ae _ i f e ef th e - l f tr and stormy i CP.lloxes, the scathu4;- ht t heir sel oo v and the rigours of the frost have wlrequirs s o ' e j on b the monument, to an extent whi, e _Lbiel, il ref itea,d le intervention to avert further ra'7 3t t he t ot iti '?) small as 1001. timely applied tuaY arrtrycture e o 13° S # destruction of this fine and costlY ,o (10 4,0010 tseln3re°gstu e o . , a . (la titioluii::,:f. who feel interested in its preservation 1,T,05e,..-.4 01 are invited to contribute to the P a r . 0 g 0 Courier. rile etl bb;l' A ifbic ill GENERAL RAILWAY STATIOS--- ant es - , h e ..- 3 0 deputations from the four railway eer Teld °,,v'ere jade agreed to erect a United Station w 29 m icas - ° fe e l it inn, on Tuesday last, when several alter, „ f ioa . ~, , . tseinte. ti do , A p) in the original plan of the building• was f' ors'7 o ing a yard for minerals near the station „i s s at r, b e ,f , I yard sliZ . el being considered better to allow thane o_aspticemP, to sts o , in existence to remain where they e7),,eoleo6borei 0, at liberty to fix on the site most co n y fed ito it i i. Lieutenant• Colonel Maclean was ag e t he POO' and Mr. E. S. Bolden, Secretary, T o gr eat ° , ,e , mitteess and in all the proceedings tir` 009 mity prevailed.—Carlisle Journal. sY 13C lali lb o P oi l ... por _ t, Di4icu [ADvERTIsEmENTI—CurtE or . # at Co , ti e t ° :l . or ing t;l ie gi giii WAY'S PH.Ls.—Mrs. Langley, residino vefir - ' st , 1- been suffering from dropsy for the last two ~,,,,,,, thotl,,, 0 olio rind she had been tapped several times , 11° `i in g ple;y 0 45 0 0 get over it; however, by living on selids, e b li e ,, OP 00 0 ' 0 , food, abstaining from the use of all vegettat e i a tie o l46 l' , course of Holloway's celebrated pills for wb o fr..7,tie 0 ' 001 r perfectly cared. Females at the turn of life , tio a lo 0 00 I d dropsical, would do well to take from tinle to, _ . 0 dall.,,ioth generating medicine, thereby speedily e l ro dru:t7o. 1 vY ' Dely toms attending this critical period.—Sl ..sio. FrofeFsor Holloway's Establishment, eV. s'. , ---------- p at"' BIRTHS. Leeds, the 0 , i i, On Saturday last, at Grove House near Leedough" ,3o ii On n da t u h g e h 2 t fi e t r h . Joseph 00 On the t t hhMeei 22 (l os_ d tt l hh et u on it ,. , E atsq.th the wife barristerpm-ailat.c.-iNtwaipoilf pa arliagtooelo citor, of a son. ult., r Ott° el Mrs' ' ' o tl 4" tieS6 ' ife of <el Tattersall,O n the 27 E t s h q . 1: 1 o t . f , _ w ell D orf' James Gambier, of ult., at Boulogne, the W a son. Camb ei " till' P On the 26th ult. at County -terrace, „liter, seorge road, the wife of Mr. 'John M'Alpin, of a "' a le wife ° 46 On the 27th ult., in Cadogan-place, of i . Eyre, Esq., of a daughter. wife - . the pi. ainsoniTudes-square, the ceorb iti &0146 11' On the 28th ult., a canon -villas, —al le Reid, of a son. itto Oyde - P On the 28th ult., at Oxford -terrace, G. Ward, of a daughter. th e aiti ateffid MARRIOD. 0 n osie r " thS ` O r On the 28th ult., at St. George's a to , Hon B ' ', snloe 'i o 01 . eilby Lawley eldest son of Lora W' pat .64, Elizabeth Grosvenoi; third daughter a the fir minster. bos ssrl n ) • se er' On the 2d of August last, at the British K,ic lone' Dr. Lardner, to Mary, only daughter of Co PIO Of DIED- ~, the Wife 1 On the 21st ult., at Inverness, M ary , sof . e , Jameason, Esq. elict of th,ga ,56 ~ On the 22d ult., at Kensington Mary, ri,,,„0,,,1,,,,,ij0ic C. Dyer, A.A., Rector of Abbess'Rocling!noria, '' , o f On the 25th nit., at Vireston-super-Mai" t ioo o o l the late J. 0. Gooford, Esq., aged 90. A .aldernitinvlria, On the 25thult., tIC w W indsor, Mr. „raiverap a e On the 26th ult t the priory, Great .4,-, ~ a , coolnlif Hilton Biscoe, Esq., aged 79. ivriss P;. boo On the 26th ult., at Guildford, Surrey,„. _ l , , loc n'l' On the 26th ult., at Millfield Douse, 1 v.` , g ,bo cloth, Esq., aged 66. Guards Satt'llil Da t On the 27th ult., at the Foot , re, Whitehall, Mr. Brice M'Gregor, aged 6°,;.,siogtoll-0 On the 28th ult., at Grove House,. As, 0. ~.. Right Hon. Lady Elizabeth Whitbread, 3 6 , e _____,.4-10 of ' ie . 6$ til°' 0 r P- P °' ---- rrra)7lo ° 111 l o op Lon4on: Printed and Published by Tw— sol,od, To Strand, Printer, at The Sun 011 ice, No. lifit..s. f/1 of the Savoy, In the County or plid 9 P comber 1, 1841! ,) . kl' 1,4,1,