The Sun. — London, England, 1812-08-08 00:00:00

FRENCH PAPERS. PARIS, Auct.l.—His Excellency General Couiit naraguay d'Hilliers, Commandant of the 9th mi litary division at Lyons, Colonel-General of Dra goons, has just received orders to repair to the bead-quarters of his Majesty the Emperor. His Ixeellency has 'set out for his destination. On the 4th ofthis month the Captains of Ame rican vessels at Civita Vecchia celebrated at that Port the Anniversary of the Independence of the United States. At the dinner Which took place, and to which all the Authorities had been invited, they gave, amongst other toasts, the follow ing :---" The union of the two nations, France and America ; may their arms beat down thety . rant of the sea." JULY 30.—Intelligence from the Grand Army announce. 7, that his Majesty the Emparor.had left Wilna on the 17th July. It is supposed that his - . N- 1 1';esty has gone to the Banks of the Dwina, "here a great proportion, of the Grand Army is at preSent collected. Ac'cordinfs to private advises from the army, his Imperial Majesty, Who set out from \Vilna, on the 17th, arrived ' at Ghoubokoe on the 18th.— The country between Wilma and the Dwina is covered with the most abundant crops. Prince 3 agration `has been decisively driven upon Bo .brinski. Prince Kurakin, the Russian Ambassador, is to set o:it next Sunday (Aug 2), on his return to St. Petersburgh. . . JuLLY 3I .--Her Majesty the. Empress rode on horseback the 29th of this month, at half-past five followed by an open carriage, in the re tired part of the Park of .St. Cloud.; she vent out 14 3 7 the gate de Marne, and returned at seven velock by that of Sevres and of the Horse-shoe. .411 the deer that Were•in the Park were taken in 2narei and sent elsewhere. Prince Kurakin means to leaVethis on the 2d of • • August. Aix LA CHAPELLE, JULY 20.—The'Grand.Dtike "of Berg, who came here with the Queen of 'Hol land, has been taker! ill ; ,his disease, which was at .first very severe, appears to be a scarlet fever ; tie is now rapidly convalescent. A nuinber of strangers arrive here constantly. TIAMBURGII, JULY 21.---The Journal of the Mouths of the Elbe contains the following very curious extract of letter from Leipsic, dated .ruly 8 Inasmuch as, nevertheless, some support is necessary for the public 'revenue of a great city, allow me, Sir, to fix-the attention of yOur chants to a point, which cannot possibly have es caped the notice of those, who judge calmly and according to their practical experience, or the re sults of their observations: " The English have dispatched to the north t his year as many vessels as in former years. A Part has 'proceeded ,to the naltic ; and another Part had for its destination Archangel, a polar • tours e , frequented since the prom u l g ati on o f th e Perlin and Milan Decrees, 'and by which coffee I to pass over a sp a ce o f f r o m 7to SOO l eagues i'efOre it can arrive at the place where it is to be. cl andestinely andestinely consumed. - • The exports of 1308-0-10, have been pre sented to Europe, as opening a vent for from fif teen to twenty millions' worth of colonial articles or nianutactured goods. `` The exports of 1811 presented such a climi— nution as, one would suppose, left no room for amusing- the Public with a statement of the lourishing wridition of the fleets of the North. v ery few o e articles were, sold. " The vessels dispatched in 1812 were as fl ourishing-, numerically speaking ; but they bad hot cargoes of more than 250,0001. (abo u t si x pliillions of franks) in value. A vessel whos e lad- • g amounted to from sto 600,000 francs in the %urse of 1810, brought to their consignees this year but t o th e amoun t o f f rom 60 to 80 , 000 fr ancs, more with a view to, keep conrwxions, on the point of b e i ng ex ti ngu i s h e d, t h an i n t h e. h ope Zr profit ; for it is notorious, that the invoices 41 the North undergo a l oss o f 25 p er cen t. f or th e lippe rs., 4 The money expended, however, on that eon °Y will not be entirely lost. " The goods, formerly exported, and which re naili unsold; are sufficient to lade a vast number vessels ; and it will b e a source of some conso ,tation to th e L on d on merc h ant to see goods re tltirtled which be bad g i ven u p as l ost , un l ess in ted the difficulty o f o b ta i n i ng ware h ouses i n r_,lgland, and the high rents m that co u nt r y, s h ou ld uCe him to prefer haying them stored in Anholt, e ligoland, or—Malta. . 4 `; Subjects for reflection seem to be wanted. -7- u Pte your friends acquainted with,the details x "leh I have imparted to you ; they are pretty aid a et, and assuredly p resen t i mpor t ant an d use f u l seiB ets o those who are capable of ava ili ng the tl' of them." m 40,. FROM THE MONITEUR, ON THE ,SPEECH OF LO RD CASTLEREAGH, RELATIVE TO THE TREAT 4tE%T OF PRISONERS OF WAR—ON THE MOTION 431 ' MR. N. CALVERT, IN THE HOUSE OF COM /lONS, ON FRIDAY, JUNE 26. ` The English wcre the first to violate their tt o le• Complaints were made to the Transport ree, but the Officers who had brokep their pa— r° were, neve r th e l ess , we ll rece i ve d b y t h e i r ve rnment. ti: The number of p er Sons th en p l ace d- un d er t h e tj e utnstan ces alluded to, amounted to 779, and -ral of these were Gen era l s . j ets The T ransport Offi ce h a d ' comp l a i ned, i n a o f t er of the loth of August, 1811, of the escape kivs"le Preneh-prisoners. In the answerio this, 41• eu the 14th o f September following, under the . :, t tv of the Minister of the Marine, it‘was as %Fel, that th e E ng li s h h a d set t h e examp l e, an d es e ` t he number of English prisoners who had tit: i Ped from France, exceeded by many hun-, that of th e F renc h w h o h a d escaped. from - 4gl and ad o „ it was also p ro p ose d th a t measures s h ou ld b e clai c rted to prevent the r ecurrence o f suc h scan tis conduct. aek~c„.„ -1-• kle Commissaries of the Transport Office Ilii n c `wiedged the receipt of this answer, but re hi e l perfectly silent as to the propositions contained. Several French Generals who have made -eta their escape from England were justified in doing . 0, inasmuch as one of the arms of capitulation at Baylen was, that they should retain their arms, and be sent to France;_ and England had no right to retain 6000 men, who, having•th us capitulated, were not prisoners. No parole could properly be exacted from thein, as the capitulation conferred no right to debar them of their liberty and there is no example on record of such a convention not having been observed. ' A considerable number of Spanish prisoners, among whoM were Colonels and Generals, having 'broken their parole, and escaped, some French Officers, taken in the Spanish war, conceived they had a right to do that which had been done, by the Spaniards, who were the principals in a war in which England was only an auxiliary. % " In former wars, cartels were established as soon as hostilities commenced ; and it was not till the present war , that fake reasoning, narrow mindedness, and bad faith, were found to annul every cartel which had been proposed. " The basis 'of those that were pr o p ose d w ere simple, just, and conformable to the 'customs of Europe. • " The exchange was to be made man for Man, . rank for rank, and simultaneously, between the belligerents.- But' the English sought to establish a principle of distinction between themselves and . their allies, the Spaniards and Portuguese: They appeared, indeed, to adopt the principles of a. ge neral and simultaneous exchange ; but they en deavoured to swerve from its practice. " Thus there wa:i at one tinle 15,000 English prisoners in France-. For these, England offered in exchange 15,000 Nrench prisoners ; 'so that if she afterwards chose to swerve from the cartel, when all the Engliah were liberated, she might leave her aliies in France, and retain the French Hprisoners who remained to be exchanged. " The trick was too obvious, and it was pro-, , posed to. carry the e \:ehange.into effect, by making each transfer consist of aliquot' parts of the differ ent .descriptions of prisoners of the two belligerent aggregates, so that . all the English and all the French should be liberated at the same time ;. for supposing the number of French prisoners to he triple that of the English, and making each trans fer consist of three thousand French -on the one Side, and-1000 English and 2000 : Portuguese and . Spaniards on the other, the last Frenchman would have returned to his cOuntry. at the same time. . With the laSt Englishman. The exchange would then have gone ,on between the . respective Allies,: and France, haVing 'in her power a greater num- 'her of prisoners than England, would have eVen consented to give ,up unransomed such aS.re 'twined after the exchange was concluded. This system was conformable to the principles upbn, which all cartels have been framed for more' than a cetiz-,7pf. . "Sojust a proposal was rejected with a' degree 'of bad faith,' which even in England. excited the . disght: of all those who read and think. It was evident that the :British Government ,sought have the whole of the English Prisoners for • a part only of the French, and did not' hesitate to aband'-n their Allies, and retain the greatest.part of French, prisoners without any species of guarantee Ai'llateVer. " In short, several prisoners bad violated their parole and escaped from France," when the:Go vernment was compelled to issue the Decree of the 4th of August, I'Bll. A , certain number of French prisoners in England have since folloWed the example that was set them, and our Govern-. ment did not thing proper to punish them, having Observed that 'the British Government . had done nothing of the kind.' " As to the Bavlen prisoners, they only escaped from a detention Cmitrary'to all the laws of war, and those V. - ho had been taken in Spain only acted in the same manner, as a m uch 'more considerable number of Spanish prisoners had done in France. There is a very simple method - of putting an end to those disagreeable discussions, that. is, to have . recourse to a mutual exchange of 'those persons who have escaped, man for man. - When such an. exchange shall have been carried into effect, France will have still a right—to demand in any English prisoners. Of this .circumAtance Lord Castlereagh affects to be ignorant, and the Eng lish Government, not chusing to admit the fact, will not adopt so easy a method of remedying con-, duct-so dishonourable. " For a similar reason, they will not reply to the proposal which has been made them, to adopt mutual measures to prevent its recurrence. sThey were well aware that a distinction would be made between the prisoners of,the Baylen capitulation and the others Nybo - had escaped. "• But why should not all those questions he Concluded by a return at once to good faith, and by a consent to a general and sinuiltaneouS ex change, -as above-mentioned ? if England really wishes for an exchange, let her consent to a cartel on this basis. Let a Member of the Conynons sign it for • Prance, and it be ratified, .or 'let a• Minister declare to Parliament, that he adopts the principles here laid down, and a Vreneh Commissary will imme diately proceed to Dover to carry it into effect."--- (1/oniteur, August 1.) NOTE IN THE GAZETTE DE FRANCE,' OF THE FIRST INST. ON EXTRACTS FROM ENGT,ISII NEWSPAPERS, RELATING TO TILE REVOCATION OF . THE ORDERS IN COUNCIL. " Here, indeed, we have the revocation of the Orders of 1807 and,9, from the Ist of July, bUt the Orderoof•1806 have not been revoked, that is to say, the Ordeili which` sanction the right of a paper blockade, those in which a ViaCe is declared to be in a state of blockade, not because itisac tually is, but because it carries on a commerce in jurious to English manufactures. Now, •so lOng as those Orders remain tn-evoked, you Will have done nothing, and you will be prohibited from ingress.to the Continent. .Vessels coining directly to France with neu tral cargos will he received ; vessels coming from London with English cargoes will be con fiscated. " We do not admit of any species of blockade, but that defined by the treaty of Utrecht, that is, the blockading a glace in the situation in which Flushing was placed, and the mouths of the Scheldt, duringthe expcditionof 1809, and which, surrounded by land and sea, is in danger of being ,t,' 1 ~,,, j taken biit the application of a paper blackadie to any other point of the coast - - (3 - *the empire ueces sArily induces a paper blockade of isles. In fact, unless the right of blockade; as establish e4 by the treaty of Utrer)it-,1v,-er ackil 6 wiedg 6l , and the Orders of 1806 revol, ,;,:licit would be the revocation of the Orrlers of 1807 and 9 ? We ) ,should find to-morrow or next day, England de claring in a state of blockade the coast of the French Empire, and"merely permitting neutrals to have some one point of communication- with the coast of the Mediterranean,- or with one port in the Baltic. " No, no ! this can never he. Times hare changed. The injustice an d violence of the mea sures you have adopted, have.. ahtliOrised the adoption of similar measures by Prance. it is the necessity you produced for their i adoption - , which has formed the 'great EMpire. The tine gone by when yOu could do, what yi'iu plezised with the Continent and the CtintiTient woi4d do nothing to you. Thii time 1-, - ;11 never ' return, no more than the reign of weak and "dissipated Monarchs. " After every declaration of war, your travel lers and merchants shall be arrested on the Con tinent, if yon should caiiture on the sea the ma.- liners, passengers, and merchants you may find in merchant vessels. If y 04.1 blockade,on commercial speculation ; if you apply to a part ()tithe Empire the principle of a papez blockade, which. you have adopted, and not to a real blockade, the British Isles, and your other possessions; shall be subject ed also to paper , " if you adopt strong- measures, we shall adopt stronger—force of arms shall be op posed to force of arms—lezislntive rigour to :egigla'tive rigour. This is the only method by which we can a;roid being made your dupes—the only me thod to conquer• you, or at least to compel you to be just. You have more need of the commer"ee of the Continent, than the Continent has need of yours. You have more need of America than she has of you ; inasmuch= us the merchant has more need of the consumer, than the consumer has of him. " If, I cannot clothe myself in velvet, I will use cloth. If I cannot have cotton stockiugs, will wear thread. There is the tale, of the con sumer. But the Merchant ; who has founded the well-being of. his family on - the wants of the con sumer, 'is under the necessity of selling. If you cease to sell, where will you procure means of defraying your national expenditure ? Neverthe less, commerce is, no 'doubt, neceSsary, to • the Continent ; he -who would oppose obstacles to - the progress 'of industry, would be worthy' of a barbarous age rather than 'of the present. Dif ferent climes hive different productions 5 . ex - eltary, - e; and reciprocal accommodation, beget wealth. Let commerce then be 're-established, but let it ne so'npon just and legitimate grounds; let the nations contend with each other, but let not an arbitrary spirit of industry be support e d by force. If,' Said Lord Chatham, we acted justly towards Prance, our prosPerit•7 could' not be of lour-and -twenty hours duration.' When Lord Chatham spoke- thus, he m:glit-lii'Veheen in the right ; but• if' he was now Hying, lie would talk differently. -The circumstances , Nvere then in your favour ; you were Lords of the Ocean, as you still are; but Prance was without influence • on the • Continent. While von pressed upon her with, unjust principles of Lt3 , 7. , ,-islation, vou enriched Holland, HambUrgh; and Venice: the nature of things is now against you ; instead of refusing to listen to the voice of justice, you should make it plead on your behalf. The treaty of Utrecht, against which you 'have contended, is now our safeguard. " \Ton have at length taken one retrograde step, you have revoked the orders of 1807 and 9, but the deep-thinking men, who in greater 'num bers among you than any other nation 'guide the pen of history, will remark that the Orders in Council have changed the . aspect. of the world, that it would`have been much better for von to have lost a great number of battles, and a large proportion of your colonies; than to, have publish ed the Orders in Council, which have produced the union of Holland and .the Hanseatic towns, the great changes which have taken place in Eu r Ope and the Continental system. Yet you now revoke your 'Orders in Council—they no lOnger form a part . of your laws, and the continental systetm remains immovable—ignorant as you are of the situation of continental affairs, You haVe mistaken times. The Orders in 'Council would have served you in 1785—they would have pro duced you immense advantages without, much in convenience, You might have, with impunity, held the language of the wolf in the table, but at present the most suitable language you can use is that of justice. If you act upon principles adapt ed to the interests of the most powerful, you only accelerate your ruin, and pro Mote the prosperity of your enemies. " Justice requires that vod sh,►ould return to. the principles which regulated the conduit of neutrals with respect to belligerent powers at the close of the the last century, and at the beginning, o 1 the pre sent war. Your interest enjoins it—the season when unjust and abitrary .measures might have been useful to you has passed over never to return:''‘',— (Moniieur, July 31.) • METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL, BY IL BANKS, PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUN ENT MAKER, STRAND .Thermoinete: _ Wu, Aber. c, I zz 1 „ g § 4ain .tidy. Haiti DO. Do. Fair ,22 .no .63 .15 fnnr P Do. - Do, Do. Do. F - air Cloudy '29.86 .85 .77 .80 .90 • 90 .99 At BUONAPARTE'S ARMY. It may be. amusing and instructive to consider what necessary to support the force which Buonaparte has ; it may give our ReaderS SOIM: notion of military diffieUlties: His army consists 300,600 .rnfantry 50,000 Cavalry 50,000 Fo 400,000 This requires, at a Pound and a half of bread per day 600,000 1h15.. pei week - 4,200:07J fos. • The-horses of this at my, including cavalry, stai . , regimental baggage,' artillery, snmunitien, com missariat, must amount to 150,000 3 these ought to receive each Sibs.. of.corn to keep them in con dition. Here then is required, for horses -1,20,000 lbs. a day, cr 8,400,000 lbs. a weeg. 4;200,000 Fcr men, as above. 13,00,000 Now we must add for drink, which must be tr=3ported, as beer, wi n e, and spirits; .halt v pint a day, or half a pound and of other eat bie beef and mutton, groceries, &c. half a pound more This rylizes . . 400,000 Ihs. a day. • Per we;k 2 Horses- ought to receive a: least 1.. 21b5.0191.°47:' I a b. stay : - 150, 0 0 0 horses 1,800,000 per day. 7 - MIST • , • 14;600,000 per week. i;,,r horses, corn Corn for troops • • 2,200,000 ditto. Wine and groceries, &c. 3. 26,00o„000 per week. Which is equal to Twig :14,000 per ,, ,vattk. Now suppose a horse -will draw or carry 500 weight on the average, bad roads taken into con sideration, and supposing, as ought to be the case, that the great magazines are: miles in, the rear, and that each horse goes'loo miles a,vVeek, this Would require for transport of food only 112,000 horses.-L.See then To draw 112,000 For Cavalry - • 50,000 Artillery „ 5,000 Reniup.ntal 13 , crir.5,000 ‘-• _fie... Officers and Staff 4,000 Spare Annnunitica • 3,000 179,000 1. It is to he allowed, that during the. summer the I number of horses wanted will not be so great, but when the snow comes on in Russia the whole. will be wanted. We are . to add the difficulties of, pro viding beef and mutton at half a pound a day— .allowing each :sheep 50 lbs.. weight, each bullock at 5001b5., 400,000 persons at this average would require 1400 bullocks and 14,000 sheep a week, which must be kept up in food till killed, . On Thursday night Lord and Lady i\TELBURNE gave a magnificent entertainment, at their house at Whitehall, to his Royal Ilighnesq the PRINCE REGENT, and all the. distinguished fashionables in • town. • . We feel .much .pleasure in stating that Mr. repeated his Lecture last night in recom , -inendation of. a National Benevolent Institution, for the support of those persons in middling life, who, by an untoward course of events, may be reduced to distress. Mr. ROBINS, following the landable example of Messrs. CHRISTIE and SQUIBB, opened his Great Room in Covent-Garden for the .occasion, and the audience was numerous and elegant. The discourse was admirably calculated to impress the auditors with sentiments favar able to the proposed Institution, and the benevo lent Lecturer evidently excited feelings congenial with his own -in all who heard him. - It is very much to the credit of the Gentlemen who have thus opened theirßooms in succession, in order to give effect to• the meritorious object in view, and we cannot doubt that they have thereby ma terially contributed towards promoting its accom plishment, The Institution is entitled to general protection, and is a striking proof of the philan thropic temper of the •mind that produced i There , are many establishments in this country highly ,honourable to .the national character, for the support of the lower classes of society, but not one precisely of the description which is now proposed. Persons who have been once in a si tuation that- enabled them to appear with credit in the world; and who 'have fallen under the weight of unexpeCted .misfOrtunes, peculiarly. feel 'the stings of adversity, and suffer 'from the effects 9f a natural and allowable pride, as well as from ex ternal necessity. Every delicate and liberal mind, therefore, . must be readily disposed to patronise the. only, Institution which wined 'necessary to complete the character of our- countrymen for every virtue that does honour to human nature. • • SHREWSBURY, AUG. 7.-=LThe London papers, a few days ago, published an account of a female, about 18 years'of age, who had arrived in titre me tropolis without Money and without friends, after having wandered to thiS town in quest of her in sane lover. Her tale, however, to the Magistrates in London, contradicts the narrative w hi c h s h e • 41. gave .here. ri , ne facts, as far :as we know of the lady, ate these :—She was travelling on foot, with a small bunt& of cloaths, near Chester, and was admitted into the coach from thence to this town. Although entirely 'destitute o f m on e y , she was treated With the' greatest humanity bythe family at the Lion Inn, during an entire week, 'having two , servants in constant attendance night and day; . and • occasionally a Medical person. She. made. -no application . to the Physician or attend ,ants at the Insane Establishment - near this town 'but she mentioned that she •was in quest of a lover, aid she so minutely described the person and ap =pearance of a gentleman, who at present resides in this town, that he Was taken to her apartments at the Inn. During the interview the lady scarcely' spoke.; she had. but just recovered froni an hy steric' fit.. The gentleman, however, .asked her several questions, - and remarked,- that he thought he had seen her at .a 'public breakfast at Brent - - lord. She mentioned here that her parents lirtd at Brentford, not at Bath..., Inquiry has been %lade. at Bath, but no clue has been disco eyed that could enable the inqtfirerto identify the per sons alluded to, - or trace the circumstances of the narrative. 1 57 2 53 :3 59 5 1 55 et 55