The Sun. — London, England, 1805-05-15 00:00:00

;me all ranks and all parties in this Country • 6 adverse to the consideration of their claims ; for, be it remembered, that consideration was all that was ',tow required. What should be gratited„' and what refused, would be subject of future discussion. It seemed to hill) advisable that Catholics should be allowed to sit in Parliament ; but this, with the other points of right or expediency, was nut now to be determined upon. Mr. was of opinion, that the British Go. verninent ought to have considered this sohj-et well before the Union. Although there certainly was no express agreement made with the Catholics, that if tJsey would lend their assistance to the accomplish ment of, that measure theie'claims should be attended to; yet, India unquestionably, tlviehad been an un. derstanding to that tired. , Some expressions in the Right .Hon. Gentleman's Speech on the , Union con veyed that sense. A more able or a more argu. mentative Speech he had never read. It was a dis play of eloquence which would have done turnout to the orators of Greece and Rome. The hopes which that Speech held out to the Catholics were unchecked by the 'observations of any other Gen. tlemao in the House, end the Catholics hat there• fore an additional santlion for their expettations.— Be by rio means urged this with a view to press it upon the Right Hon. Gentleman, who had certainly stated; on his retiring from office, that it was on ac. count of his not being able to effea this ObjeCt : he also stated that he owed too Much - ,to his Koyal Master la press the subjeCt any further at present, and that he would oppOse it were i,t brought for. ward from any other quarter; at. the, same time .that he would by , no 'means lose sight of This avowal he thought perfeCtly .fair and Par. liamentary, and although as the measure had been brought forward, he ihould assuredly give it his support ; he certainly thought, and he .had expressed hat opinion to his friends in Ireland, that this was not the most . favotirable tune for the agitation of the sulika. This WWI not a question of the day. It would, be renewed Session after Session, and the I louse most make up their mind to grant it at last. He did norbelieve that it would now pass. The Catholics themselves did not believe it ; bur they were confident it would ultimately 'work its way, when reason had succeeded in dispelling the mists of prejudice. He *membered the time when inolle Irish. Parliament the measure was much more port. hie than It could now be in the British ; but such ferment had been created among the people as skewed the necessity - of according to them shine., thing. He thought the mode adopted by the Irish Parliament, of gradually acceding to the Catholic churns, a good one. If the House agreed to take the Petition into consideration, it appeared to him to be advisable to allow' of the admission of Catholics into both Houses of Parliament,' Three millions of the people were now uorepresented for it was fallacious to say that they were represented because they voted for their Members. What was now to he given was to the higher orders. The lower class had already beers invested with the elective franehise ; but men of r.ink and consequence, who, possessed the greatest stake in the Country, were excluded from theLegis. lature. Remote • periods, and the proceedings Of old Councils, had been resorted to for the Purpose of proving the charatier of the Ca thlic religion ; but it was not the history of the i Ith and t zth centuries that was sufficient for that purpose. The North Pole was nor more opposite. from the South than the doe. trines of the Catholics of the present day, Are nut arts and manufattures in a progressive state of im provement ? and was the improvement of the hit. man mind to be suPposed standing still ? Because men were clouded with superstition a tenuity ago; did it follow that they were so at present 1 He was astonished to hear the learned Dolor adopt this line of argument. The learned Doetor thought the cOosrquopee of 'listening to the Petition would be the subversion of the Protestant religion. If he thought.so, he would argue most strenuously against it. But he was not ohhat opinion. He thought that the Union, that the connexion of Ireland with Great Britain, would be unstable and insecure unless these three millions of men were conciliated. After the hopes %v 'lilt which they had been flattered it would be difficult to keep them in peace unless they Were at least red to exiled the gratification Of them at auua- period or other. Mr. Lee insisted on the propriety, should the prilyer of the Petition be granted, ref olacing in the King's hands the power of creating Catholic Bialiops, which was now vested in the Roman Pontiff, and intimated that the Catholics Were not averse from such a Proceed. tog. An idea had gone abroad that the CathOlics would with to regain their forfeited estates ; but nothing could more effeatially disprove this than the fad that considerable sums. of money hash been laid out by Catholic's' (particularly in theoounty of Wit. terford)'in the purchatte of estates that - had been coo. SiScated. This was the first time that a great Irish tquesiitm had coma before the House ; and he can; tested he had never heard a subject diSCUSIIM with mere temper, 'or with a rtiOre evident wish to • oh. fain every infOrmatitin' that 41, was pratlicable tit • vrocui Sir WM. SCOTT rose to, state his objet ions mea s ure, which were not of a temporary, hot 4 , 1 a permanent nature. The general practice civili.e.l States had been, with a few excel. siott,„ toirt A .ite all their Ex , !ctitive Officers to eon• form to the religion of the State. The Hon. Mover of this measure load observed i on ttte propriety of 't*eilgjou - s esiabliahnients.' PeparAtiog from in rlohwer to that observation - , be should quo te t he nuth , ,ltty of Mr. Burke, who stated, that the between Church and State . was the faun. &Ilion of the Constitutiim, and was inseparable, /1 the Reformation the civil and religicins esta. ?tiitannetits were consolidated. To . our 'Ancestors tie ,)%ved the blessings we, enjoyed". lo the same . (charter in which the title of the reigning 'family was rceognised, it was decreed, that the Govern. mew, at; far as any human provision could be per. tn incur, hhooid lie for ever Protestant. This had I. , cen the pr t) cr of our Ancestors; and he trusted it loog be the prayer of the inhabitants of this This hild been the lestocy of our fore. s, and our own acqui,itioo, which had i n . (,; us freedom both of Church and State.— t hin g that corinefted the King with his was founded on a Protestant basis.—The . 4,0 g was to be * Intafy IlUtle but 41, Eve try. Protestant, and alt who were to exercise the gated powers of the Crown were required to be?to...i, testants, ,The prayer of •the present Petition couldj not be granted without a surrender of the'Conititu., thin. The case of a PrOtestant Princesurrewpaii- } by Catholic Counsellors, for the purpose of csieeying 'on a Protestant Government, was as impossiW,o,lV exist in tad as in law. The Catholics would havein. that case a civil and a religious duty drawing them in different direetioni; an t i he meant no diseespeet, to them when he stated, that he believed they might be disposed to lean to the latter, or that they would be unfit persons to watch nver the Church Esta. blishment of the State. The Hun. Member (Mr. GRATTAN) . 11 . 241 Irg!refiellt,Cd ,the Irish Catholics as Ipial; but .by his . aesument it ,appeared that they were to be loyal for a• boon. The Catholics of this ountry labohred under se verer disabilities than t h e ,na•iheyhad made no demand, nor preferred any remonstrance. • Butohe Hon. Gentle. man had stated, that on the success of the present Petition would depend the future loyalty of die Ca. tholies. It had been urged as a ground for the ad. mission of Catholics, that they were numerous, and ought to be respelled. The same rule.would apply to Turks, 'or Jews. It was no argument, because much had been given that all should he given, th at they should give up the whole strutlure, and tear up' the foUndetions of the State. He gave credit to the Parliament of Ireland for liming made a se. ledion of offices from which the Catholics were to be excluded; and as nothipg on.that •head had been suggested at the Union, nor,h4dapy thing since oc. curtest to alter Isis former opi n i on , he should vot e against the Motion. • Mr. 4RAT TAN rose to Correa a mie.strtement or misapprehension of 'the,Lesroeti Gentleman. In whatever manner his words'inigi 4 t have been under. Stood, he had distiedly said, thatif the Parliament of England were to assent to certain calumtoes that had' been uttered against the Catholics of Ireland, which calumnies be had stated to be, that they were traitors to their King and enemies _to their Country," that sozli assent would , lay the founda. tion, Would sow the seeds of separation, not by the rejection of the Pertitiou, but by assenting to the calumny. Thii he thought necessarrto say, not so much in explanation of :the sentiment, as fur the purpose of restating it. Dr. LAWkE;Vc4, though always sorry to till. ter from his Learned Friend, should, indeed, have been sorry if lie had not differed from him on this subjett ; tor he could not look to the Constitution of the Country, which was the pride of England, and the envy of the world, and consent that so' great a population of the Subjects of His "Ma. jests/ should be placed under the ban of the Empire, and whilst they weee denied an equality of protedion, be called upon for an equality of allegiaoce. The Learned Gentlemen here adverted to the arguments of his Learned _Friend, which he ably answered. Though it had' been thoutlit necessary to adopt in this Country several laws against the Catholics in the Reign of Chsrles 11. it appeared by the Let. tors of the Duke of 'Ormond that the same had not ,been extended to Ireland. The opinion of King William, and of his Coensellors, had been, to place the Catholics in the same -situation 'a ' century since in sshich they arc ,now, to repeal . all the Ads for' precluding them from civil and mill. ;dr y employ'ments, but to exclude them frorn the Hooks of Parliament ; and 'it they should behave well, to have their indulgences increeeed,, on the ground that it was not right to diaate by [(nee tO the •consciences of men. If, the Catholics were loyal, why not give them what they desired ? When they should unletter the prerogative, did it I dlow t h at they should force the King to employ • Ca. tholie Counsellors ? The L,earned Gentleman then spewed, by a reference to the context, and to the abstraa nature of the cardtrial virtue, prO ince, that the passage in Dr. Mimeos publication, so se. verely commented on by the Learned Gentleman (Dr. IMIGENAN), was pettedly' justifiable; and after having dwelt at some length rio these topics, stated his übjed to have been, as Gentlemen were not in general acquainted with such stilleds, to give a warning to persons how. they would in future yen. tune its quote passages from book's partially, or search for musty fragments of obsolete pamphlet s , in order to make them the ground of fdlacious ar. gumcnt to the House: As to the question before the House, he thought, that whatever differenie of opinion might prevail as to the extent, of the con. cession„, all Who thought any thing should be grant. ed, should vote.for the ".Motion. • Mr, FOSTER said, he should not have troubled the House for she few Minutes which he meant-to trespass upon its attention, if it bad not been for the part he had taken in another place on this subjed. The. Hon. Gentleman near him (Mr. Lee) had re.• presented the severity of the Penal Code, anti many Gentlemen who had heard him might imagine that such laws •were 'pow in, force . against the Cathy. lies. But what was the situation of the Catholics in Ireland ? They were on the same footing with the Proteitant, as to the enjoyment, the, acquisi. lion, and disposal of property :'they .were on the same f o oting as to the enjoyment of -personal • and civil liberty.;' What did they demand by that Pe. titian ? The possession of political linnet. This :shine was their objea, and the Gentlemen who sup. ported the Petition had acknowledged it. Th e C a . tholica were is' free as men coup be. If any Gen. tleman thought Min wrong in the statement, he was ready to go through the whole catalogue. They were to judge of the future conduit of the Cult°. lies by the past. They were called on to give them political power, and what inducements were held out to, them to grant it ? By the grant, it was said, they would incorporate the Catholics, ope.fifth of us population, in the strength of the empire. The Gentleman who had supported the motion had stated, that the viaoties of General Hutchinson in kgypt,, and Lord Nelson at the Nile; had beep acquired by 'the valour of Irishmen, and stated, that the Catho. lies of Ireland amounted to 3-millions. The mi. !ilia .and the yeomanry had pruteded Ireland ; but h e c o u ld not consent to give away, the Constitution. He did, not think the. loyalty ofSubjects oug h t su b e qualified, Of that they should stipulate for terms w i t h . t h e Crown. When they were. . asked to corn. municate ptivileges, it way not improper to inquire witii whom. Was it with the nubs of the C4rhv. ? Could one of them derive any benefit ttogn • - the measure? Did the mists of the Catholics know whit, the measure meant ? The fa6l was, all the etrieb e eitonmon people were ignorant of its meaning. eSeme,eteeposed it to he a freedom from tythes, eglieces,ip exemption from -rent, others an exemption iftOm•aexese But as to'the idea of , giving political i keyeer to the higher classes, they knew nothing of it. Would those who supported the &mule pay so bad a cernplitnent to them as to sup. pose that their ,loyalty would ,depend on the granting of the prayer of their Petition?--He had the honour to know some of those who had signed .the Petition, and he k n ew t ha t t h e y were as •lOyal men, as good SubjeCts, and as ready to come forward in defence of their Country, us any other description of Subjeds. They. would not thank Gentlemep, therefore, who should- represent their loyalty as the price of concession. When they' came to consider what Was tmbe given, the ques tion was, whether they should give political power or not ..? Whether they 'could do so ? The Eng_ lish.Catholics.did nut enjoy as many advantages as the Irish. Did they mean, therefore, that in such a case the Irish should sit in the House ? They should first put, ,the }English. Catholics on the same foutine as the Irish, and 'then throw opeit -the repre.sentation to all. What security would then, in that case, be for the Church Establishmini ?, Would it net be gross infatuation tO entrust min, who would have an opposing interest, td perform a duty which they, were themselves bound to 'discharge ? The Parliament alone had the right to cited. Laws for the Church, for its regulation, and .tor the colleelioe of its rates and dues. Would they , fill the Parliament with Members who would not disavow their dependence on a Foreign Power? In 1 77 8 something ,had been granted to the Catholics . ; ire. 1782, more hod been done for them;' and in 1793 , they had asked much, but Parliament had done more fel- them. If Parliament should grant the presenederoaeds they would nothe satisfied. If they succeeded in getting seats in that House they weuld,not erase till they should get possession of the church property. If the present measure were to be granted, they would soon Ticino a majority Of the Members to the Parliament, and these finding themselves incoesidelebler. in comparison with the . total of the other Members, would be disposed to exert all efforts to dissolve-the Union ; and as a coin. pensatiun had been given for all the Protestant Boroughs to the amount of ;400,0001. their re, preeentatio n would be thrown upon popular eleC. dons,' and with a Popish Pediment what security could there be far the comic** between the two countries ? The Right. Honourable Gentleman then adverted loiclly and ingeniously to some other topics urged by the Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Fox), and concluded by saying, that he was certain the Eng. heti Members would declare by an unanimous vote,' that the Irish Membera would also , declare by an tesenitneus vote on- this occasion, that they were ready to upheld the , rrotestant Conetitution, and Protestant Establishments of the-Country. Mr. C. POIVSONBk having been long acqueint- , ed with the abili t i es of . t he Ri g h t Hon. Gentleman . would have felt despair of being aisle. to answer his arguments if 'he had nut been assisted by a Gewiertian for whom he entertained the,.highest respell, and that was, by the 'Right Honourable Gentleman himself. The Right Hon. Gentleman had urged against agreeing to the Petition, that, as one of the arguments in its favour was, that it Would tend to incorporete the' Catholics with the strengt h . o f t h e empire, and the vidories under Lord' Nelson and Lord Hutchinson, in Egypt, had hero obtained by Irish.valour, it would there. fore not be necessary. New if the Catholics, by former conceesiues,, had beetl_sp attached to the Go. vetnment as to engage in its armies, and to acquire . :conquest in its cause, that appeared to him a strange reason for objetting to the further concession. The Right Hon. Gentlemen represented the lower classes as loyal,, which he had illustrated ley that fad, and had declared he kneW many of the higher orders, and perticularly some of the Petitioners, to be loyal Subjeas and good men. But what was the reward' of this loyalty, which The Right Hon. Gentleman • noticed ? why the rejedion ef the prayer of their Petition: The Right Hun. entleman had stated also, that if the preseitt measure were to be agreed t o , there would be a considerable danger created to' the Constitution,' by the admission .01 a few Irish Catholics into Parliament. The KING, it seems, was to be surrounded by Catholic Counsellors, But who was to force him 'to chuse such Counsellers ? And if he did, surround himself with Ministers of. that description e and Alley should endeavour to in trigue for the overthrow of the existing order of things under the Constitution, would it not be the first at Of- the KING to dismiss such .wicked ad. visers from his Counsels ? And if the Sovereign' should negleft to .4o so, he trusted that there was yet enough of virtue in Parliament to addres the Throne for the removal of such dangerous advisers. The Right Honourable Gentleman had also stated, ,that if the present prayer of • the Petition. were 1 to .be granted, and Irish Catholics were to be eligible to !tit in Parliament, they would soon be. • come the majority of, the Irish Members ; here' the argument of the) Right Honourable Gentleman ad. vanced more rapidly in reasoning thin the 'power oldie Catholics could do in fad; for he denied, that even if they were rendered eligible, there would . be more than ten Catholics in• many years. Sup. posing, however, . 50, 60, So, or even the wh o l e Too. Trish MeMhers were to be returned to the Imperial . Parliament; the Right Hon. Gentleman admitted that this would .be inconsiderable, and have little weight in the Scale against the other “8 Members ; and yet he had afterwards reasoned, that, upon finding thernstivespoyessed of so little weight, they would exert themselves, and successfully, to. dissolve' the Union: What ! One hundred INeletne hers, conscious of their own i ns i gn i f i cance, to ac complish „ a dissolution of the. Legislative Union, against tha wishes of seB Members of the British Parliament, and to re,e'stahlish the' Irish went, in which they should have a majority ! ' These too were to. be Members according to the opinion of the learned Member (Dr. Dolan/me), that were ready to assist any Minister. Such kigie he should not notice .by argument, thought h e felt no disrespect?, but far, otherwise, a bight esteem for his Right Honourable Friend. He could not omit observing on this bcession, that ,inne ' Members apptired to him to he sent to Pttl men( • for the sole purnose of defaming their nisi Country. He had heard such calumnies in of they place, where he had never heard them wt out pain, though he was•less itblianied to hear th then than at present ; but he could not heat IL repeated in that House without regret and a The best proof of the Falsehood of such caluito wa s, that the perso ns 'who uttere d them co' walk the streets of their native town la same security as he could. The Honourable ' Learned Gentleman (the ATTURNEY.GEN WO I stated, that he w ould. not have °granted to Catholics the' College of Maynooth, Would have the Catholics of rank educated in For' C°untriess or left without etiUCatioll ? If eithetvi his opinion, he was glad he had tin yokel and, n e , should. , If an obeasion shNuid occur for emPut a Catholic of eminent talents, and he shrtuld muss eli in religious intrigues , th e King would ig his Councils-. Mr. Possaut tr - hem read a ,asp from a Catholic prayer-book, which proved t!ist Catholics disclaimed any vieivs on the Church E' hli'hment. The Han. Member t h e n ailvc o4 the charader.of the Irish P,eople, and expressed isurPrise that the Petition had not hero reser' 1"1°", .e'ven.by the Protestants. l'.e crawl ed the observation, that ail the 'p o wer anti stiergth the - Empire depended Upon cur Europtilli 1) . . nions,' and pointed out th e neces.sity'or cooho ing all ottr strength and' resources therein. i heartily concurred in-the Motion• di,i77e.tri..p.Pgen/TtiTem.----3:st,,DilioffeiruigsSviir, theas Isileoliii,r,74 also in many respeas ,from 50,01'4 to who have (apposed it, I feel it neeesiott° 6 ,, shortly, but distinetly, the views, the teotios!!. the grounds upon which that Iced daere f oeiat,'.'" founded. But in doing this, Sir, w ar rtln c from expressing, in the first in:itanee, the,verf i r i satisfaflion I feel at the temper and the och t i ell , i i l s lwv i e ll l o tih u c s h%,v t 1 1f a ioc t rh t I sl i o e h " discussion s many s Motion s t i : o a rt s. Qw sh n's c i ' s' n should l n a b t ri c uud4uPnci4sr . j ` t4t n lci , re r 3di l l : lu i ri r iri l ) 0 :1 0 1111 . py, Sir, am I also; that the manner i subjeet has been introduced hat relieved 1n 4 .„, f the necessity of enterirg at Istge into those S' s '; iwu..!sncdiiP-siceusssaendah'egti7reu,"lll feltwhi c h, ai jsel v i l} c e o n o l ; l ' ell:l4lucl ip °, i; I observe with pleasure, t h 4 the 3PPli c ,' lju'l cisi by-the Petitioners has ;lot been advanced . Is a wi of right, but of expediency. I'Obser sc ', r , / , l ; s igo • equal pleasure, that the Hon. Gendeglot"—a-11 it uron that ground---cwt, that 1 mean to iatf of the Honourable Gentleman has abandonat th e itie . nion he fields upon .th.at tobjecl ; hut 111 ' 1 . 0 01 application of. the prineipies which Aye i' L e s eu ed his conduit, he has thought pro'?" l i m ey.. tt at the ariy q uestiontime possible situation of upon , the ' grittriti of ogl, no o That is the ground upon which I feel h' c , if , - ,,,iii• ought alone to be.discussed:•for 1 cannot " ' der 101 or entertained. as a facorlifr y a:i c iur i s r oa c ir t i tn tg i u( s ,ci t u a l n li c lot e i s it , oo o i b r eo. a i : s: e i j , Sir, have never been one of those who ha v , c ,:, oft that the term jiipnancipatittri is in3fle icas"... yes. fs a r i toi t a p i l u ic tt a hc b se, l t e o t w o t the ici t rr ie pe c a a l i t il l ii t i l c ie s a le r t: b r liii l la li c r ; :li lio Imsjkibly, in 174 vi c w of the grottbas ni,".ll,7oiite I may think it to be much more cuoir3ll",lll,ll,7deriV question of right than the Ho. "; - :^oie does. He seems to consider that Ot te 1 0 ,4 ll shade of differeece between the •exilei'lis`'clici)roa right : whereas' my view of the differcq e l , Sill' weviiiitliestt).te,xapntddifeunne,yis:ecnotanln.cellede7sider rt3 l l . :va independeet of cifentnatances, and paratrion',',,,,,,r4c regard to the admission of the Citholtes t , 05 , pas and in a great 'measure depentientwujittol.'ici.ifrolc:tiocirsiti -:- to - the - eleettve franchise-,-or to any or i' l i o e a-s and offices which have heel alituicil I P , . ‘,. I g i r il ;these pints as disii.,Clions to be giveor °- '.l 1 who 1 sake of the - person -and the intlivideA til i c , I. ' possess them, but fur the rtke of thcP u . w ho• whose benefit they were ,Created, 04 I 'l l i itel :advantage they are to be exercised.-`" gto,edii rherdites Sir, and upon every occ4'i"%roteavic relating to the P.otnaii Catholic or , he i ihst r ef . Dissenter, to the people of Ireland , ° r i ,„ ° „,rd 0 0 , 1 of England, !have always, from , du e (- 7, too , Constitution, been of opinion O"' a r c ho op consider not merely what is desired l'Y ' t .l, w ho!' what is best and most aditanrageoL3 l" r ,, it no r 0 And, therefore, it is, Sir, that I thiol:- „ot i ik . rl ficient to skew that what is cleinanded is a cb et to be prejudicial, hitt that it is roper t°:.'coortl4 prehensive view of all . the ciretunsta,7e ni 00 with it, whether they relate to the r im e „t it te measure is proposed, the manne r '" /mow fr °l d p iscussed, or,the aced that •is likflY ot ., ; ( o ,,ientr t l l i the discussion. 'flint, Sir, is my vie w - ..,i,bes of , ing the propriety of acceding to•tbe 7 . ty ,„o 0 Catholics, or of refusing them, lt 0 3' iinfiliol ' • il.e rep e" " obt principle alias I felt setisfallton In• . keen i • li s ped; against the Catholics w hich have , cer piT all,linhneodt;pnaendwtro°imnfettr'es ishba°tldiatle°t 1 1 (?:;_ hlie : C o ll'''' Se n e l p r l > / 41 . 1/: which some Gentlemen Seen) !cs "`:ialist;itti°,ll; pressed. But t Sir / deeply asllelt st mt: ~0 0, to . p reys iVe also felt that in no possible ca'c,rniic d be g 0 Union could the privileges now (1014 Nish'proirrisio consistently with a due repot t° th e floolity or terest in I re land, to the intern al tran 'e roti ttl,` / t ut LI . (.. Kingdom, the frame and st tato re of 0 .r, of onnest° et 11 ' or the prubabiliiyof the permanent c sir, imf i l 1 land with this Country. It is di fferent ligh t ;,,, 0 Union I saw the subted in a urlionlciliotj,",or whilst that event was in Nole) a he ireolite ; chi , the Hon. Gentleman says, th at 1 in i c p ; h l - 1 ' 'OO make a maresial CiiirergnCe in my °P /di d n et to. l also stated, what is very true, tha t ', l i c ve tt ic „ii i oe i l los distinct pledge.' On the cttritra i r) :' dio uid 1) 1 t' r . ,0 of argument I took Wass that i ' "trevired, it, e am right to give what the Catholics .54ti,y, tot, n'ii,,,e br given aftet thettrnion with Mor . f to ret o s tocfrl ire v or if it were thought 11°,1_„iihaut iti_, t,,ri it, that it might then be refuse". 7hinightlio'irtrr those disastrous conseque,nr, whi i th 4ft° id' I earn g o i te apprehended before the tirkloy. me jo , ae . 4 pr . , the present discussion pearalf olotfer unties,4lt.,-oii.i,P I certainly was of optnivn, lhati...,,roneii ~. PO liarnent those per guards ;tact cc:old tt ioni, b' 35 _ 7 ) of t tiC : l' / li r, io danger to the E6tablibbed Cl?".inv o f 010! or. privileges m..glif.u...t, ~, r o:PP O O4i cooltiturion, AiiJ I rot ti '. Cho Kr/ 11 I'