The Sun. — London, England, 1846-07-28 00:00:00

ion - ith 139*, ) eett •evi- lc be •evnt sing open vilar Ting „wed Stat e r use mat e that oc7 year , f her surer i d not tit he 311 he the Mill ,e the w oe, pre- ,uldn Nan" is and his re. is be er) 1 t o )f A en ib e fol „, tlev ,1 0 $.7 d )106” sfl 4i ttl e t he i, a 0 o; taeilee r .0 th o t tbe c e+ c. go si 11,114 Marc)so laalld thatl in etch of ' those eighty, n . years, and he Ativ v the average price of the , sixyears whilst Perc ent eil w as in 114: did not exceed 275. and some pence i s , e whilst the avera.re price. of the last tee year s case fair) to 37., p,,r eat. /1,.,,, hail, .0 , ,.. 5e here, staled the t dtrly to the Houtv‘. "Dh , • ,Nottte Lord had stated 600 ton., of that 100, stwor could be obtained from the. the Ill 'ije' but tha t t_ • 2 produce , be wse an ov( r sansuine caku.ation of the prod to e '-xpected from that qearter. d also ben ~ated that large quantities of sugar would be had from t'illea.East Indies, but to that expectation he would reply t „,, t the inhabitants of those territories were enormous "sarners of suear, and when it was cheap they con tster.' ' the most ' of ' the produce, and scarcely any of it Way es 0 sotitr 29 or to this country.—(Hear, hear.) On the try, , tort hen sugar was dear, they allowed it to he ex e!cl in considerzble quantities, but not before. Now he ....._ t on the autlimity of Messrs. Allan and Duppa, the 1 6 1 r Olerchants and sugar brokers of Calcutta, that, in tio„ epos chants extent of territory, comprising a poPllin %ilea,. One hundred millions of inhabitants, wh' ll % um ' I 'as at the price of tight rupees the inhabitants W as ' Me d it Isrgely, but when it was 11 er 114 rupees it e ste _"tPorted, and not he fore. This she wea that the Dadlls, of price regulated the rupount of exportation. He it also On the authority of' Messrs. Allan and the soh as well as some others he had cenversed with on to het, that the; natives of the Fast had consumed i ,' ri ,' some that g ,„ l w ,' ears, than 500,000 t ons o f sugar, h ut Ad (4, s tY i'a other years was re d uce d b y t h e pr i ce I l li? ts o. , a of% for it from this country. He was assured e go e i -4 "he wer e b est a b le to give hie. an opinion upon bleat4l4ea the elect thfft there Was every reakon to smrpost , that of suear frein the East Indies (R ear lan:fount to 100.000 tons more than last year.— lltee ss . Such, indeed, was the abundance of the told b'" s caion that those who had plsntations were I,er e t e es above est ates their agents that the increase:l production of the it that O f l ast year ti • ould be no less t' as 3 !rot s * He had also other information on the sub:ec: 4' , 1 1e b - ,,, ie1l he gathered th a t several eng.; . es of 242 I):tverr--er, kr.id 15„ - eng i nes o f more t h an SO herse 18 . ',,, u '''re tot the course of erection in a dis, ict, which the sii:* ll'anufactured no sugar at all, A th.s place thi s ‘-'3lll' M anufactured last season was 2 OM tans, but 9130 0' 1'4 ' the This was likely to be inc -ased to 9te g t°llB . This was in a smell diitriet ( n the banks of 'eet. aniFes• But he had other infortnati .ti on the sub ttich Lie was told that there was a company called the the; e rn () d o,, inpany. who had just expended 70.0001. in . 1 4 th hstre et i„ of engines for the manufacture of sugar le ss th e Fast Indies. ext letter which he re , eived gionne:"ai t e r nß uhrampoe. and was from a gentleman Veritt en te q with the Eat India House ; it was desiredwriter lb at femiliar s t ra i n , an d the wr!.tde,. his name should be conce a al w as ko., dated the 22d of May last. It stated that on , a47,, n i ,`' he had elear,4l 1,300/. in a season ; bed built oet, l t - e su gar works, and was " well on" in a second. 1 - 1 which s4 prodoce•d four tons of sugar from an acre, s w • immense • was informed that. sa e n . as tin crop. He whii.ative cane was no thicker than a man's finger ; me the Otatsetan cane was as thick as a man's arm,_ e left wlls of a superior description in all respects. H assured h • • were continued, and in dealstleet at if protection ll:l ent% given to the British planters, a great ti vltt , 'Afire capital would be invested in the col lo -ion of sugar befors the expiration of five y l ears, s : lehich period it was proposed to reduce s aye nvn sugar to the level of British grown sugar ; „,"'etore the expiration of' those five years the pro !l4etion and exportation would be largely increased. A letter from Madras, whir h he had received from Messrs. Scott and Bell, the largest sugar-bakers in Lon don, stated that there could be no doubt that the quantity ?I' sugar thi s y ear from Aradras would amount to 10,000 lons, and there was every probability the sugar nth M a d ras would next year be 15, 000 tons; that and, judge afrom the proSucti o Ccult t o n of the l as t t h ree years, it was say what quantity would be p ro d uce d i n qllottlore• He h a d stated on a former occns ' on th at t h e titiee of the Mauritius this year was 46.000 tons, and le w hat had n o t yet b een shipped, it would amount t thi s '°°° tons. It was no long era matter of doubt that h en zi ali er gnine expectations of those who counted that the free 4"--x3l was put an end to in the West Indies Sp, s e produce would double the amoutt produced by At*: bad been bitterly disappointed.—(Hear, hear . ) !tee:; known that the heat of the climate relaxed their tos u 's 4 's, and even the negroes themselves could not he 'a th e : 4 to work by the lnrge wages which were offered tkat s lll . He would submit to the House a comparatiye o l d r tlbe - s e s ilt of the produce of sugar by 300 slaves in tll, l- " x l , and the produce of stwar of 300 free labourers rill - ' 4ll rit;us The statement came from the different 0 0 t on The' produce. of the 300 slaves in Lousiana was 1,11:1, tig'auntl.the produce of the free . labourers was 5,000 i', 4 44 ; 7 „_ . a t with the favourable climate and soil of the ~Sotoir*iettnd its being so s 'itali w wholes'it could Pc essfully P 4 . well adapted for .the ettltiya,,„ ; compete with those dot 'were obliged to employ free labour, and woo]' 64 1 • d '' le stii I t We I situate in respect to natural advan or 1,4 he •as not true that the West India planters rs.:, a _de to cotnoetia with the slave-labour who Ns of Cuba to W et , t and therefore 'he maintained that the colonies .,: % s kit €' ,obliged to, employ free-lablur were entitle.. .4at, Zhnn: In estimating the probable preduce of .I Ni fiq 13 Xoble Friend (Lord Jelin Russe'l) did not te s t b, the a te % t s tlae quantity that might he expected th - s t !'d h s 7 41 -Wit:Ms. He calculate.' that 240,000 tors i 40;1' with 4111 P'..tted from the colonies, an.l he expecte( In "t 0 t Wl'Aat there was in bond, there would be , r , 4 ` ‘ 0 ,,,, 286 of fr e e - °f foreign slave-grown sugar, and 2 . 0,00 0 0_ tinj,,"'°o/. `` • ':" . r,Town sugar—making a total importation f Qt' i; iti 5 ,as he had already stated, the price of the !ix -4144 4 .o2s tn e East Indies regulated the exportation %t k - ',l t '' 'vett then the freight to this country Y w C " b from 4 ' l ' 1 11 . 1 .° 61 - 10s. Now the sugars from Brazil ad . 4t last °ll ded, could be imorted for 30s. ,a ti n , or at . ils and Cuba had the a Ivan -1744t-hes?...l()_,• . So that independent of tee advantage pr of 1.111 freightage the Braa stinve labour. It was, therefore, impocsible that the Ni s Id bees could „ o . t _ compete with tod am') doubt that the eff , et of the either Cuba or Brazils. There , free importation o t till • Att ' hatl Cub a sugar would be to lower the prce of sugar. k e . 'N . 0 the British Colonies 6s. per c. t..• and with this •P hi I n twice it would not ay the British planter to d t ‘leto I Ns • fcultivate His Noble Filen ' 3 f th at M 11 te s In a state o on. s , e preseSat 280,000 tons . would be required me for the supply d that ISO,OOO tons I n n o lld to e s year. Well, if they 5 t,.,.. e.5, 544 k. tes m the West Indies a , " l u oo.oo.l from the East consumption ‘thr,. th t „ 'q.ooo from Madras, the aggregate wou!d make tee(' thi s - 2 80,00(1. But the greatest l 246.000 tons, k en it ~G country had experience! d t'o let in slave ittstotitatee% Perfectly aboird, with was th . e on fi y eures he had h„,,m tio_ b etore them, to say they re , q ,f utre that article for the stye st g t ' l ;' to insure ' a proper supply tp tu lk On haul; ennOtry. 'I which . at the present moment a .1 4 th em° of 71.000 tons, exceeded by about 10,000 ts h t l etti sit ts. ?ri hand in the amount, eriod of last year. Il e Its ssobt`.,c inerease against the smaller the state of itts * lf nj u be exactly the same this year as they were last. I h , e s in t , ` aware that there was such a want of our.manufac -"te to markets of the West Indies, for , according to th e with the ma tblnt•f4e:rs,e4rillats, it appeared that they were glutted i d l 'aes Is of this country.— ( Hear, hear.) They a a rea y ma th e ns native s of the • West Indies by their manufactures, Ve tk. ''COUrag g the trade of Birmingham , Manchester, and ..tuefforelitt..fte_tuzining districts . . On the grounds that he had laid i i g i ) Pt et t . ' 41ouse, he must submit that motion should be v s N obt ne would now come to the question of revenue. iL lth th e Friend calculated that by his scheme, as contraste o d .. Cs E eh " of the Right Hon. Baronet, the Ex • Chancellor ,d.f t q -t e e ls:e - b e e l t u ' r!be . should gain no less than 725.529 : by the i - h. Ilti ei , ween his proposal and that of the RE,rht Hon if Hon, Ho n a t , n • Really he was quite at a . loss to understand how - •ne 4,-;•,vriencl arrived at that conclusion. He presumed that t t t - ' ' 0 %ft many tons of British plantation sugar at 14/. per vit ' lf. NNUId not ti e more than under the proposition of Fr' , shs s „ pro uc . o es7 ' non. Baronet opposite. The effect of his Hon. ..l i tt ' ' Measure would be that as slave- grown sugar was ad .. e,l _ 'Orti; at a lower rate of duty it would take the place of free 441b...teration in the a n t , "eke. On these grounds, therefore, he was against 'be s 'i'leY which was proposed. There was no just ground fel. the sugar duties. Above all, in the last week of 1" 'then half the members of the House of Commons tad ,wg.oloe out of town, it was not proper to bring forward such 1 1 'Ping proposition . He had already shown that he had 4 eSir e • t• 0 1, • to embarrass the Government.—(Hear, hear.) The les, ,ett, 1.4 not be increased at present , and the profit l • mass go tlf oche"e PoCket s of the'Biazilian idielAints inslead - Sf into those .. 4 English consumer. He had many communications IsS s u teen engaged in the trade, which stated that theL , i to I),ol;:riZsd ttow, should these measure s pas s, t wou ld therfore, that there %t leht T s tobe t s n om a e m ju.tice—some mercy—show n to these men. hi h could not be reealled engagements H , f„"ey had made . o sting to the faiqs and honour of the Parliament. e re gittabered that his Hon. Frien d the Memb er f or Sunderland %served, that things were coming to such a pas, that no ma n ' s property was safe.—(Hear, hear ,) He conjure d th em, therefore, to be careful over the interests of those Rho had tru-ted them. l r H - IC.son, in 1831, opposed the tagar question as brought' * ire, by the then Chancellor of the ..=chequer. He (Lord George Bentinek) supported Mr ttaskisson in that opposition, but he was . defeated. tsusistent in opposition, and He was he did not wish to embarrass the t ? English sv ernment. The question for the Englis people now to e cede was, w h e th er th e y wou ld h ave sugar two thirds of a 'luny less in every pound with slavery, or sugar two-thirds of t to P e nny dearer w ith f ree d om . Th ey wou ld no t hesitate as, decide. The question was well put by the Ilin:our- CT ! ‘ l eraber for Cork—" Take a larcer loaf with a 1 7 . 1 „",, e r% curse," and he would ask were the teople of England li s - "„( 4 their exertions in the cause of freedom ?—( ar o , 41 ° e ' , 1) id they repent the 20,000,000/. which they paid t t tt ,„ 4 : 14 1 ,,, th " negroes? He had never heard that such wAs . he Tem .7ere th e people of England aware that they main sLcave t ' fs 4ll3o men and 7. 0 guns to put down the infamous -' the "L ' e ? Th e Noble Lord then gave a frightful account. se tr eat Ras a , i 'bent of slaves employed in the manufacture of , -1 0, of , I ,` said that Mr. Buxton, when speaking, sixteen years o, '"e infernal traffic in slaves stated that it consumed A l f , i n n Person s in one year. and that Lord . Aberdeen,. him bsiltabt Th . ( ' Year 1844, stated that in his opinion the average 'Arn e .- °R Year imported from Africa to the coast _of South 10 0 oa rl ea and th e ilpanish West Indies, was n . ot t le t ss t than I t he ti a - Year. Ire asked whether it was rig . ba we °to n i te _ eontinue to suffer the natives of Africa to be !li e %vred and lashed to death for the purpose of enabling th, emote India plasters to amass s • Jespr,:Ple of Englatd wish t d * without in. plendid fortu .. nes 7 —( Hear ) wished to obtain their oo let them i. " if the were then to have the sugars. . 1 d f , stet drinkthus sit s, sugars in the remem asli ss itro had been Shedobtain it.—(Cheers. to ) He did not brance that the b cio o 2004,,11f.re wa s a man • f the slave l ott ' l°ol . he had pAd for the emancipation 0 . in England who grudged the Me s e did not believe they cared for the half.million mole ression of 11, e .i' the eountry had to pay annually for the supp , f or s% ' 41e-trade. It seemed to him that the arguments brought, Ns, ji."...were nothing more than the old argument, wber .. eit e may sk" ise are to be hanged for a lamb. we • se th e a s well be 11‘.61 ' 1 f " a sh eeP—(Laught er and cheers)—that because . l o t o e ti t • England have made the sacrifice, they would continue t YN'' ' () id ' 43, 0 0 0,0001. had been paid during the last taelve ear' QOOO,OOO/. besides, and half a million more r ever y I, 4 tehl the suppression of the s-ave.tra to. ri "td made rusted that the mighty sacrifice which they , 4 t ) 'itlit h e , and which they wished to continue . to make, a t th 4e u'Pteil, and might be recorded above, side by sole td 0 w' t , the % 1 4 ' 0 %0 .t mite. as the offering-the free-will effering-- %nit. '& 0 4 s , er ,ng .ra-hearted Engltshmen, who Lohe t h' ' he,--( --- wa the religious, and the I_• l lti s ' great, the virtuous, •ts t i ~ n People who inhabit the British Isles. (The Noble th e 1 4 1 . - " u n'f'd his seat amid loud and prolonged cheering from ‘, ~,, otectionist benches.) h ' n e NO 4 iii ie n o t e Lotto then moved the resolution of which he The 4 entie. Oto l he r e11 i ".. 4) 1 1 having ben r ea d f rom th e chairs - Z s ps f4 se„,`l ° iN tSeLLO Et of the EXCHEQUEEtsaddStat, o_ n ` .ce!sititi, the Nobl e L or d deserved sincerity' the 'I'S" UrCi l l grat hitioluagi fanlike i saes b* woul4 propose to follow, which was the supply of sugar and the effect urn] the slave trade by the intr.duction into this country of slave-grown sugar. The Noble L had traced the history of the sugar goes! ion in all its details in a manner which he could not undertake to equal. He stated that when the East and West India colonic; neie not sufficient it:, supply the country. he and hi , colleagues had opened fresh ports, and he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) hoped to show to the House that all the consideration which induced the Government to introduce foreign free-labout sugar into the ports existed at the present period. In 1843, the consumption of sugar was less than in 1841. The consump tion of last year over that of 1843 was 36,000 tons. The price at this moment is higher by 4s. per cwt. than in June last, and the average of three preceding months was ss. 3d. higher than the preceding quarter. Mr. Gladstone had estimated the con sutnption of free labour sugar at 20,000 tons, whereas the whole, in fact, instead of 20,000 was under 4,000 tons. Last quarter the consumption of free labour sugar had been only 118 tens, and in the five quavers preceding it had been only 4,113 tons instead of 20,00;) tons. The amount of revenue from free labour sugar produced, ending sth April last, was leas than was est mated in the preceding year. He believed that if the price of sugar was law, it was almost im possible to place a limit on the consumption of that article. The quantity of sugar consumed had a:ways varied with the price of sugar. The following table will show the effect of the prices upon the consumption : In I hejear Con.urnption per head. Price. e 46 1845 15lbs. 201bs. 1846 1846. 30th June, 365. 93-d. f consideranly less. The great body of the people of this country consumed a con sidot abie quantity less than could he supposed. If every individual •in this country were to consume 201bs. per head, the consump tion would be considerably Greater than stated to be by the Nobh• Lord the Memb••r for Lynn. The total coesun ption in this country for the year ending April 5. 1846, was 252,000 tons. He ( the Chancellor of the Exchequer) had taken great -tains to find out the amount of sugar likely to be im parted; the highest amount he had received was 255,00(1 tons. He had received other estimates, such as 250,000 tons, 255,000 tons, 230,000 tons ; so d the estimate he had received from an Antwerp merchants was 220,000 ton , . The Noble Lord the Member for Lynn had said, that 240,00(1 tons would be im ported from the East Indies; for the comfort of the West India growers, he would say, that he did not think it at all possible that such a quantity could be produced from the East Indies. He, therefore, now showed that they could not look to the East Indies for a supply, for the price of that sugar would be as high, if not higher, than the present prices. With regard to free labour sugar, the highest estimate of the importation into this country was 20,00 tons, hut he thought the amount nearest the t: uth was 15,0':0 tons. The amount imported last year was only 4,000 , tins. It was well known that the greater part of the sugar from Java went into the Dutch market. But taking the whole supply at 12.000 tons, the largest amount of colonial and free labour su g ar .oulti not exceed 250,t:00 tons. What their c-m -somption would be next ! tear he could not say, but his opinion was, that if a lar g er supply were afforded to the people of this country at a lower price, there would be a greater consumption than at presets , . It was computed by all acquainted with the subj, et. that the price should be 455. per cwt. to give a con suss vtitm. That quality of sugar was at present 50s. in the market. His Noble Friend said a good deal about the rise of foreign slave-grown sugar. It had already risen in the Con tinental markets, party owing to the deficiency of the crop and partly owing to the anticipation of having the privileges of importing it into this country. But latterly it had fallen, even since these measures were announced ; and he thought it very unlikely that it would rise to any great extent. ( The Right Hon Gentleman here read two letters from commercial firms, to show that 21s. was an amount of duty which would allow a large quantity to come in. and bri ng down the price to such a rate as to allow it to come into general consumption.) This duty would not only, continued the Right Hon. Gentleman, bring in a larger supply, b u t a l so re d uce t h e pr i ce . T he i ncrease o f consump tion last year was 42,000 tons ; and why they should not look to a consumption proportionably great this year he could not see. He bad now shown that the estimates of the Nobl• Lord, as to supply, were too large, and his estimate of the consumption too small ; and he had also shown that by fixing the duties at the rate of the proposed measure, a proportionate increase in the consumption might be expected. He would now speak of the question of revenue. The state of the revenue up to the present year was prosperous, but he was afraid they could not look so sanguinely to the future. He was sorry to see by a circular from Manchester that stagnation in the trade prevailed to a very great extent. His Hon. Friend said on a former occasion that he would wish to know what. the income and expenditure of the years 1847 and 1848 would be, presuming this measure was in full operation. He (the Chancellor of the. Exchequer) stated that. deducting the China money from the income of this year, the remainder would be 50,950,0001. and de ducting from the expenditure of this ) ear an item which might not occur again, an item of 200,000-, the income' would be 50,673,0001. at the present moment. But, adding to that, the expenditure necessary for the maintenance of the fresh constabulary, namely, 175,0001„ and adding 283,000:. , for purposes of a similar nature—adding one half-year's expenditure for the maintenance of the Poor-law establish ments and officers in the country ; also one half-year's ex penditure for the prosecution of prisoners, and for their main tenance when convicted (for which purpose one halt sear's expenditure only had been voted in the esti mates for this year, and for which it would be tie cessary to vote a whole year's estimate) supposing that ' the expenditure would be the same as it was estimated by the Right Hon. Gentleman opposite, there would be added to next year's estimates 628,500 L, making in all a permanent expenditure of 51.302,000•., and leaving, supposing the income and exoenditure to be made as he had stated, a defi ciency of 352 0001. That being solved the House would see how necessary it was that from some source or another addi tional means of income should come. He did not see in the course of the past sessions any such prospect of reduction oe expenditure as would justify the cabinet in believing that it would not be necessary to provide additional resources. Lei them look at the estimates. Let them compare the estimates of the last ten years, from the year 1835 to 1845, and the) were not es- iraates prepared by any gentleman on that side o; the Hous. He took the year 1845, because it excluded any in crease made this year, and which the Hon. Member for Coventry seemed inclined to put down for next year. Let them compare the expenditure of 1845. and they would find in the charges on the consolidated fund, that other duties had increased 492,000/. The expenditure of the army, the expenditure et the navy, and the ordnance had increased 4,70-4 , ;001. The increase on miscellaneous services had been 582.0001., so that the whole increase between 1835 and 1845 had been no les;- thaws 5,081,0001. He confessed that he did not see any disposi tion or tendency in the estimates of the present year 1. reduce that expenditure, especially with reference to the ermv. He did not think that, when they considered the hardships of the colonial service for our soldiery, the in crease of our colonies, and the necessity of providing means of defence for China anti New Zealand, that they could see any probability, with justice to the soldiery, of diminishing the numbers of the army, which was at present exposed to ser vice such as no other army in Europe was enduring-4 Hear. He did not think, in common justice to the soldiers, and the maintenance of protection to :he colonies, that he could sug gest any reduction of the standing force of the country. The Hon. Gentleman, the Member: for Tavistock, wished to put down corporal punishment, and another Hon. Member said that it would be necessary to increase the pay of the army ; anti there were various other means of expenditure suggested. which rendered it impossible to reduce the expenditure of tht military establishment. It was impossible to reduce the expen diture csused by the steam-vessels, and other classes of ship with which it ha I been thought necessary to increase the navy. and which caused additional expense. • An Hon. and Gallant Member was anxious to increase the provision for worn-out officers; it might be necessary to increase the pay for active service in the navy—the new ordnance and the improvements in gunnery required a large expenditure, as it was necessary to have very heavy guns. A large amount of expenditure might, before long, be incurred in providing harbours of re fuge for the steam-ves , els which, had been lately built. Hy had been in hopes that more had been done than he had found executed, though he knew that there had been great obstecles in the way of improvement. It would be absurd to attempt to conceal from the House the necessity of consi derable expenditure upon that head. In the fortification ce the coast and the colonies the introduction of steam navigation had it volved the necessity of a great expense, fpr they were no longer safe as they were before from sudden attack, and it was, therefore, necessary that the forces of this country should be put in a state to repel invasion. He did not exactly mean invasion, but those inroads and attacks to which it was impossible for this country to submit and which it would be impossible to repel without taking proper means of fortification. He had come to the miscellaneous estimates. The increase in them was of such a nature that he was sure that the House would be willing to pay the tax required for the purpose. There were many other subjects of improvement pressed on by various Members of that House. involving the necessity of an increased expendit ure under that head. There was one subject which weighed very heavily on his mind, anti that was the necessity of providing in some was for secondary punishment in this country. The evils ants entered expense into, and d f from w t r ( a m n i s d p o sayrt at i on nothinghad a o l f rea t d h y em be . bu enf t he ully thought ina that in co i e nsid itah rmezut a large way it vtas nec essar y to prov id e for the punishment, and xpe an n d di t t h a a re. t could not allbe done icti effect ually those heads he was afraid that they must look forward to an I' creased expe n di ture — at any rate they could not look for na a reduction, but ra t h er to an i ncrease , for which it was absolute ly necessary to provide adequate sums. Mr. Gladstone, when hie Noble Friend brought forward his resolution against the re duction of duty on sugar, said that he was at a loss to conceive what his Noble Friend could say, rendering it likely that the In come Tax could be removed, or that any measure could be suggested to avoid its renewal. He (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) thought that his Friend showed no very extra ordinary foresight in sayin g that he did not think it probable that the Income Tax could be removed at the end of three years. It was said a year and-a-half ago that it could be re moved, and in the second year there was a surplus of some 31'0,I.Ofit , and now, he was sorry to say, that even with its continuance, a deficiency of 350,' 04. was to be apprehended ; anti therefore his Friend was justified in saying that the pro bability of its being - aken off was small. He did not know how far the resources of the country might go ; or hew far, under the increased development of industry which would be occasioned by measures which had passed this sessions, they would progress, he did not pretend to say ; but this he said, that looking to the present state of the revenue and expenditure--to entertain any view, however distant, of removing the Income Tax—to indulge it, that hope. it was most essentially necessary to increase the sources from which the income of the country was derived, in order to maintain the credit of the country for the payment of her debts to those establishments necessary for her honour and her name. He did not know if he should make any further statement on the sugar question, because he depended on an increased con sumption of sugar. Let them take 240,000 tons at 14.+. per cwt. duty, and that would give 3,460,000!. ; and if they gave 15.000 tons for free-labour at 21s. per cwt., it would give an addition of 315,00 W., making 3.775,0001. That would, however, only be 255, - 000 tons of sugar ; but he hoped to get 209:000 tons of slave-grown sugar, which would raise the stun to 4,195,0001. If, as he was inclined to hope, they would have a supply of slave-grown sugar beyond all the colonial supply, of 30,000 tons, and wh.ch he believed they in ight have, they should have an income of 4,405,0001. He hoped ha had now disposed of the two first branches of his Noble Friend's argument, and he would pro ceed to the ast, which had reference to the raising and en couragemont of slave grown sugar, and which his Friend had stated with so much pathos. It was to increase the consumption of sugar, and to benefit the revenue, that it was expedient to adopt the measures proposed by her Majesty's Government, and he dill not th th in ey k h t a n d at n t o h t e g y on would a l have a v s e obtainedthey had done.eithe either of lt c o ts nl if y provide as large a supply as the sugar pro as any othe ) r measure thatge gentlemen t l could eme n t d v‘h i u 7 l l 'd ,g orb'ojet world could afford, but it would produce as u ies fs to s. iBtoh a me n d e d u t t large an increase perho cwt, c ow p nt r . o psol.ainsveedt...hger: slave-gro wn produce s e u a g r . a t r . ' Pt; o f h a b ie e a rr.ed colonies,uc had wished that they c ould u He did not think (and he trusted that the House would agree with him) that under the present state of the revenue that.they He would have n been believe us tifie din running so great a risk as that d fro w. the present t t h h e m r g e was like tli t e h n e. sruevgeanrueenobueg h mtoticicpraetaete, at _los duty; any . amei re ., , zh e 4 14. ,, fig uid, ligweya i _Dow shalt* is. tr E SUN, LONIDON creased supply of sugar to this country would render it im possible again to reduce the duties on ewer, but in the presen state of .hings it would be madness to attempt to go beyotid what they had already done. His Noble Friend then came to the last topic, the encouragement of the slave-trade. It was impossible not to admire and respect the opinions which he gave on the subject ; nevertheless, harrowing as were the descriptions of the slave trade as now carried on. and the treat ment they received, in Cuba, they had failed in showing that the present measure tended to promote the slave-trade—still more had they failed to show that the free-labour sugar could be brought at all to compete with it. His Ne.ble Friend, anxious that he should clear himself from the imputation of encou raging the slave trade, had refused to sanction such a measure as the present. His Noble Friend abstained from the use of sugar grt.wn by slaves, but yet he did not deny himself the use of other articles which were raised by slaves. How he drew the distinction he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) did not pretend to say, but he knew that the produce of slave labour was used to a considerable extent in that House, and yet they opposed the present measure in order to escape the charge of usirg slave-grown goods. Copper, cotton, and other articles were slave produce, and they were extensively used. He could show that in no way whatever was greater cruelty in flicted on the slaves than in the production of copper, yet they supported slave-produced copper from Cuba, and had con siderably increased its import. In 1849 they imported 26.000 tons, and in 1845 they imported 41,060 tons. Such is the effect if we take free labour sugar from the conti nental markets. The continental markets make up the defi ciency occasioned by the demands we make on it for free-grown produce by the importation of slave-grown sugar, so that while we carry on that trade we are in reality encouraging the slave trade.—( Hear.) If we take free grown sugar from the conti nental market, slave-grown sugar is certain to flow in, and thus we give an indirect encouragement to slavery. 'Whether, therefore, we-import directly slave grown sugar from where it is produced, or free labour sugar from the continental market, ' the result is precisely the same—such was the tendency of the present system. After the experience of the last year. would any man doubt that slavery was not encouraged by the present state of the law. If so, then they were guilty to the fullest extent in the charge brought against them by the Noble Lord (the Fret Lord of the Treasury.) Were they, therefore, on such slight ground: as bad been stated, to adhere to a principle which they could not carry into effect, and th, a deprive the great body of the people of, . this country of a cheap and necessary article of comfort ?—( Hear, hear.) The im practicable nature of the present system, was admitted bt. all who had fully considered the question. He admitted that many very honest. sincere, well meaning men were against the proposition of her Majesty's Government, and he was wishful to pay the greatest deference and respect to their opinions, but he was bound to observe that the sentiments of those parties were not participated in by many other parties who were as much opposed to negro slavery Looking at the proceedings of the Liverpool Anti-slavery Society. a mare rational and practical view of the question had been taken. That eociete at least took a different view to that which had been taken by the Noble Lord (Lord George Bentinck ), At a meeting which they had just held, they had agreed to re solutions to the effect that the measure now proposed by her Majesty's Government was in harmony with the general prin ciple's of commercial intercourse laid down by the late Adminis tration, and that taken in conjuncion with friendly negotia tions with other powers, it was better calculated to lead to the extinction of slavery than any other course.—( Hear, hear.) He entirely concurred with the view which this body had taken of the question, as he believed the result would be eventually to put down slavery, while the general interests of all other earties would be improves!. He would now say a few words respecting the West Indian interest. He had been communie rated with many times by leading gentlemen connected with hat interest, and he must bear testimony to the temperate and reasonable manner in which they have urged their claims. Novie would regret more than he would, if he thought the measure proposed by the Government would lead to any diffi eulty as far as that interest was concerned. No one injury, he was persuaded, could be inflicted en that interest without doing injury to the rest of the community. But he did not appre hend any evil from the operation of the measure. He looked still to the West Indies as the source from whence the people 4 this country should continue to derive their supplies of sugar. With capital and energy he felt sure they would continue to command the markets of the country. In the same way that he believed the landed proprietors of this country would not suffer from the repeal of the corn law, did he believed the West India interest would not suffer from the withdrawal of their present protection. But as the agriculturists of this country would make up for the absence of protection by capital and by increased skill and improved modes of cultivation, so did he think would the West. India planters.—( Hear, hear.) Increased skill, and greater energy would make up for any temporary toss which they might suffer. Besides, they had been favour ably considered in other respects by the Legislature of the country. There had been last year a reduction of 10s. per cwt. on produce imported into the colonies. But beyond this, it would be a great benefit to the West India interest if the question was permanently settled.—( Hear, hear.) That in terest wished to be relieved from annual discussions of this sort, and they considered it would be a benefit of the greatest kind, if the question was permanently settled, and if they were enabled to know what the regular rate of duty was to be. The present Government proposed to do this. The Noble Lord (George Bentinck) said that slave labour was cheaper than free labour, and that the produce of the latter would have no chance in competition. In supporting that statement, he referred to Louisiana. But in answer to that he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) would say that it haet e be.en prayed. that the free labour of Mexico, was twice as productive as the slave lettour of Cuba.—( Hear.) Such he hoped would be the result elsewhere. But, further, he understood that, in Cuba even, so dissatisfied were the planers with slave labour, that. no less than 3.000 free la. bourers had been imported. If Cuba found it necessary to do this, would not they find that liritsh capital and energy would the same? In many of the colonies the deficiency of labour had been met., to some extent, by the importation of 'labourers under the restrictiors provided by the present laws. The Go. vernment were willing, to extend the privilege of importing labourers, under such restrictions that the labourers imported should be really and truly the same. And while this advan tage would be given them, during the time the present mea sure was carrying out, the, We:t Indian interest would en joy no meagre share of protection. For the first sear, they would have fifty per cent. protection in their favour —44 per cent. the next year, 32 per cent. the following year, 21 per cent. the next year, and 10 per cent. the year when the equalisation of the duty took place. The third year—the critical year of the new proposition—they would possess 32 per cent. in their favour—a fair and ample amount of protection under the circums!ances. But. he hoped they would not alone trust, under the new system proposed, to ;he importation of labourers, but that they would no every r.lsing in thti,' power to cultivate the soil, and bring skill and capital to bear upon it ; in doing which he :elt persuaded they could safety go into competition •xith the produce of any other portion of the world.— ( Hear, hear.) And to enable them to prepare for the change, and to tiring their energies to bear upon their pos-essions, he thought five years protection, as now proposed, sufficiently ample. Mea sures would also be brought forward to benefit the West India interest in other respects. He was enabled to state on.. mea. .tire, which was the reduction of one-third of the defferential lnty on rum ; and he promised that interest he would support. every claim which they could fairly and in justice establish as necessary for their well. being. There was another claim that would be benefited by the present measure. He meant the ship-owners, who would be greatly benefited in the carrying trade, if the proposed alteration were made. Instead of fo reign bottoms being employed in the Brazilian and Cuba trade, as now, British vessels would 13.3 almost entirely em ployed. But, after all, the interests of the great body of the labouring population of the country was what they had to consider, and these would be greatly benefited by the measure. Whatever they might do for other classes, they were bound to consider the comforts of this class, and there could be no doubt that it would confer a great benefit on them, in giving them a large, abundant, and cheap supply of a necessary— nay, an indispensible article of life. It was on that ground mainly that the question was now brought under the consider ation of the House. (The Hon. Gentleman sat down amidst loud cheers.) Sir H. INGLIS thanked the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn (Lord G. Bentinck 1, for the temperate and practical resolution which he had submitted to the House, and for the speech with which he had supported it, so complete and con elusive in its rea son i ng , an d so f u ll o f fact. He, for one, was willing to rest the decision of the question on that most con clusive speech ; but as it was not the custom of the House to rlecide any matter by single combat, he would shortly occupy the attention of the House. The Right Hon. Gentleman the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the greater portion of his speech, spoke as a Chancellor of the Exchequer for the next year. The greater portion of the speech would have been more on . May 10, 1647. The sum total of it was, "We want 35(1,0001. in April, 1847, and we must make it up by some means." That sum he wanted, and in what way he got it he did not seem greatly to care. He stated his expectation that 20,000 tons of slave-grown sugar would be imported next year, but he did not express any regret,, or misgiving,that such a sum as he had named should be realised from such a source. They were then told that the obligations of treaties compelled them to ad roit slave-grown sugar, and that, therefore, they were obliged to give Spain advantageswhich Spain did not possess. If that were so, than he ( Slr R. Inglis) maintained the treaty of Utrecht should be repealed, and the preference-giving prin ciple abandoned. But he did not think that the treaty of Utrecht warranted the construction put upon it. The treaty of Utrecht was limited to trading transactions in Europe only, and did not extend to the colonial possessions of the two coun tries ; but if the treaty really warranted the construction put upon it, then ought they to relinquish the principle of favoured nations altogether.—(Cries of " . Hear, hear.") lie resisted this measure because it was a great discourage ment to British industry in the colonies, and a great encourage ment to a most inhuman traffic. 'f he sufferers that it would produce would not be confined to Cuba—they would extend to the Brazils, and whatever other part of the world men should choose to drag them. The tortures which had been described by his Noble Friend that evening were tortures which the ad vocates of this measure must be prepared to perpetuate and patronise ; for every ton of sugar imported into this country was produced at the expense of the blood of three African slaves, and these three slaves were got at the expense of nine from the coast of Africa—a cost which, with all the attendant evils of kidnapping nd torture, was countenanced by the authors of the measure ; and if these nine individuals were multiplied by 20,t400, the result would be not less than 180,000. —( Hear, hear.) That was the wrong which they, a Chris tian assembly, with all their professions, were asked to en courage. He must say, deliberately, God forbid ! He hoped, at least, th'at those he saw on - the other side of the House, who had often opposed slavery, would not vote with the Government. He did not oppose it from party feeling, but he and those who agreed with him desired to give snore time to the Government to consider the measure. He ,aid there was an enormous increase in the free-labour sugar of India; it was stated to be 500,000 tons, the actual produce of India. Was it to be supposed, he asked, if the British markets were opened to all the world, that this would not soon find its way into Europe? Might the demand not be met by this? Why, the supply from the Mauritius alone was, twelve years ago, 27,700 tons, and last year, 35,800; and for the season 1846-47 the calculation was that not less than 60,000 tons would come in. He held a list in his hand showing the capacity of estates on that islsnd—a list exhibiting one-eighth of,the whole produce of the iv:and. Estate A produced, in 1843, 300 tons; in 1844, 400 tons; in 1845, 500 tons; in 1846, 800 tons; and for the season of 1847 it was expected that the return would be 1,000. Other estates exhibited a like increase of return, though somewhat more irregular. Here, then, was tale of the colonies of England producing last year one-fourth of the whole quantity consumed in Britain. He said he should not regret the change which had been made in the social con dition of the people of the„West Indies; still less should he re gret that great sum which was voted by this country as its con tribution in honour of the principles which it held ;but he 'never would feel other than regret that the country should have left her - colonies with no better supply of free labour,— ( Hear, hear.) As for the importation of Hill Coolies, it was now under so great restrictions that it was accomplished with perfect safety to th ,, sa individuals themselves, and as there was a local authority, if their liberties were encroached on or undue advantage were taken of them, they could immediately apply and find a ready remedy. They ought to recol lect also that their colonies had an almost un limited command of soil, soil which might raise any quantity this country might e , require • Guiana for example, or B er bi ce ; and they cught to give British pro prietors that advantage which would enable them to raise a supply equal to the demand, ,He asked for a prefere=ce for. t •r alai Matitive pr*Tekqu but sub pr eforeat 4,3 TUESDAY VVENING, JCLY Q, 1846. would reimburse them for their capital. It had been said that evening, that if they refused this measure they deprived the poor man of those luxuries which were almost necessaries of life. " Deprive him of the luxuries" were words too poetical for the Chancellor of the Exchequer. He said it would not deprive any poor man of a single half-ounce of sugar; whereas the adoption of the measure would tinge his morning and his evening meal with blond.— (Laughter. ) The measure encou raged slavery, and he saw no reason why he should adopt it— why, if he could not do all the good he desired to do, he should do all the evil which his neighbour might wish him to do. From the statement of his Noble Friend the Member for Lynn, with regard to the horrors of the slave trade, the House would draw its own conclusions. Slave-traders' vessels carry larger cargoes now than they did previous to the eman cipation. One American slaver had lately carried 1,500. The Carolina lauded 976 in Brazil, while another vessel had made three voyages in thirteen months, landing in the Brazils 1,820 slaves in the thirteen months. When they considered that the first coat of these slaves was from eight to eighteen dollars, while when they were landed in the Brazils they sold for 301, they could not wonder that the trade was carried on by men who neither loved their God nor feared their fellow epan.—(Hear, hear.) But were they, without any temptation, sitting at a distance of some thousands of miles from the scene of those cruelties and horrors, deliberately to give their sanction ?—( Hear, hear.) He trusted that there would be found in that House, as well as in the country, those who would not purchase the luxury of 20,000 additional tons of sugar at the price of so much misery as that which must follow the passing of the Government measure, but that they would rather be content to pay a fractional sum more for their sugars for the purpose of encouraging the industry of I their own country, and discountenancing a vile and horrid traffic in human life and human misery.—( Hear, hear. ) Under these circumstances it was needless for him to say with what cordial satisfaction he concurred is the resolution of the Noble Lord the Memherefor Lynn, and with what ardent—he wished he could say sanguine —hope he looked for its ultimate success, by the House discharging the highest duty of the country, and refusing to give any further sanction to a system that was as injurious to man as it was dishonourable to corn merce.—( Hear, hoar.) Lord SANDON did not quarrel with the Hon. Baronet who had just sat down for the views he took upon the question, and perhaps had that been the first occasion upon which it was proposed to make a distinction in the sugar duties, he should have been inclined to participate in them. But would the op position which was then offered to the Government proposal settle the matter ? No, it certainly would not ; for, after agreeing to the principle in 1841, of admitting slave-grown sugar on payment of a particular duty; they could not refuse to reconsider the amount of restriction to be placed upon the in troduction of sugar into this country, the produce of slave labour. In 1841 he osok the liberty of expressing his doubt of the expediency of the steps which the House then took ; but having taken these steps, he confessed, after consulting some of the most experienced merchants in the country upon the subject, that the conclusion he had came to was, that they had already settled the question of the admissibility of slave grown sugar, a d it .now only remained to be decided what were the best terms the country could admit it upon.—( Hear.) But with regard to the encouragement which he offered to the slava trade by admitting Brazilian sugar, he had, following the advice of Bacon, placed his opinions upon paper. He had thus ascertained facts to eo upon, namely, that if Java some could be sold in this country at a price much less than slave grown sugar, the latter would .be taken to Hamhurgh, or some such a place, to make up for he deficiency in the supply of the former that was created by the preference which this country exhibited for sugar the produce of free la bour.—( Hear, hear.) The concha ion he had come to then was, that the attempt to draw a distinction bete een slave grown and free labour sugar was a fallacy, and this was one reason why he could not support the amendment of the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn.—( Hear. ) The present measure created a great deal of irritation in Brazil and Spain. Those merchants dealing with Brazil are hardly sure of their property or their lives. He was far from considering that the present measure would give that additional encouragement to the slave trade, and he had no doubt that free labour would beat slave labour when admitted upon equal terms into the market.—( Heor. hear ) Had for mer Governments disregarded the petty jealousies of the planters, and had they encouraged free labour and imported labour into the market, there would have been no occasion for the present measure, nor would they have reason to say that a failure had taken place after the experiment had been tried for the space of fourteen years. But he hoped it 'was not yet too late; he hoped the Honourable Member who had already shown such extended knowledge with regard to the question would look the matter boldly in the face, and that he would employ such time as the Parliament should in its wisdom determine , to give the matter his serious attention. Why should they not make use of their extended empire for the benefit of the people, and grant to their colonies advantages over the people of other nations ? He considered it would not be beneficial to postpone the question, as the uncertainty which would hang over the final determination of Parliament would produce a stagnation in trade, the merchant or trader being afraid to invest his capital. He rejoiced that the measure had been introduced. It would tend to: the prosperity of the colonial interest, especially to that of the East and West Indies, that the planters and commercial men should know as early as possible what would be the determination of Parliament.—( Hear, bear.) When 24,0001. could be made out of an outlay of 8,000/ in one season, he did not consider that the traders had much reason to fear any resolution which they might consider wise .to adopt, for these reasons he could not give his assent to the proposition of the Noble Lord.—( Hear, hear.) Mr. GRA NTLEY BERKELEY complained that there had not been sufficient encouragement afforded by the Government to the importation of free labour into the colonies. That was the reason the crops had failed, because they were not suffi ciently cultivated. There was one paint to which he would call the attention of the House, and that was the fact that there were at Berbice 1,050 unoccupied estates, although that country alone would produce •ufficient sugar for Europe. In the year 1836 the sugar crop of Berbice was 13,000 hogsheads, and in the sear 1841 the crop fell to about 4,500; and since that there had been a gradual reduction in the price, occa sioned by the employment of captured Africans. Those en gag. d in the West India trade could scarcely save themselves from absolute ruin, and there was a great disorganization in the West Indies in consequence of the free labourers leaving their employment without notice. He would ask the House, and he would appeal to the country on the question, what right, or sort of right, had they to restrict certain localities? If they had established the fact that our markets were to be free to every country in the worltl, he contended that they had an equal right to permit the people of this . country to pur chase their sugar in the cheapest market, without any sort of restriction. They had no right. to say to the people of this country, 's You shall' only be permitted to purchase your sus ar fr. t o the British dominions." He contended, that if they had free trade with respect to corn, they should have free trade with respect to sugar and every other article. He called upon the House to take into consideration the necessity of carrying out, to their fullest extent, the great principles of free trade which they bad recently sanctioned. Sir J. HOGG assured the House that his earnest desire was that the people of this country should have an abundant supply of sugar.—( Hear, hear.) That was his desire in 1841, and that was his intention and desire now. Bu , five years had since elapsed, and he now asked hinis if whether these alterations had been carried out—had his anticipations been realised—had the measures which he supported been carried out as success fully as he could have desired ? If he found that the measures which he at that time supported failed in producing the results which he anticipated, then he should he ashamed to rise in hi• place in that House, and urge upon that assembly to continue the adoption of measures which had signally failed. He would ask, did the measures which were then adopted afford the people of this country an adequate supply of segar ? He need scarcely argue the point. It so happened that the calculation which the Noble Lord opposite had made, as to the quantity of sugar expected to arrive in this county this y. ar, was almost verbatim—almost tdidein rerbis—the' same calculation as he ( Sir .1. Hogg) had himself ventured to indulge in 1841, five years ago—( Hear, hear)-115,000 tons from the West Indies, and from the Mauritius, as the Noble Lord made it appear, 75,000 tons had been received, and he ( Sir John Hogg) ventured to calculate five years ago that the amount that would be received would be 60,000 tons. He lead ventured to state that in the following year India would yield 100,000 tons, and he did not make that statement rashly. He in formed himself from those quarters where the most authentic information was likely to be—he made every inquiry in his power, and he believed that those who furnished him with the information had no desire to deceive him. How came it then that the injury did not develope itself ? The population of India was pre-eminently a sugar eating people.— ( Laughter.) It was almost their only luxury ; and they in dulged in it as far as their means would allow them. But they did not indulge in the use of manufactured sugar. The Noble Lord had said that sugar could only be exported when it was at a certain price. But he ( Sir John Hogg) begged per mission of the House to say that that statement was erroneous, because the people of India scarcely ever consumed manu factured sugar. The sweetmeats which they consumed were made of unmateufactured sugar. He was rather well pleased to ack . nine . ledge Mat bailie, did not send 100,000' tons to this country. The increased production of sugar in India was little more than adequate to the increased consumption among the people of India. He was really sorry that as far as his knowledge of India went, those fairy visions of the Noble Lord as to the increas3 of capital could . not be realised.--( Hear, hear.) He was sure that the Noble Lord must have been misled—(Hear, hear)— in the calculations which he had laid before the House as to the production of the Indian soil, and still more as to the productiveness of Indian capital, If he failed in his anticipations as:to quantity, he did so also in regard to price. During the six months of this year, the imports and deliveries are less than the corresponding six months of the preceding year. The consumption of the world should he looked at. The consumption of sugar in the whole world was 840.000; the whole amount of sugar grown in the tropics are only 771,001. The difference was made up of beet root sugar from France. The consumption of Europe alone was 675,000. The balance remaining in hand at the conclusion of each year was only about 131,000 or one month's consumption.—( He ar , h ear.) Th e case was so with no other artic le. It was melancholy to re flect on the condition of the people 0 1 E ng l an d , w h ose consumptionprotection ofsugaronly averaged six po un d s per head. Upon the he could not say muc h , having voted for the gradual abolition o f the corn-laws, he should be sorry to stand up in opposition t o the g radual ab olition of the duties upon .pac lt t l y gars. than sugars.—(Cheers.) t h e of e a a.) Member of Parliament East Indian • He did not stand as the delegate of th e est. Th ey did other inter not wish protection. Lik e all herc asses, th ey would take 1 1 protection if you gave it th em, and, like everybody else, they Would keep it as long as the y could.— (Cheers.) Th e cas e was different as betwee n the East and West Indi es , C He did not stand t h ere in any other in consequenco of the a mount of labour_ to b e o b tained in the East Indies. He wished t hat the West Indians had had two or three years to make preparations for the contest with the East Indies. He thought it a great mistake to suppose that the labour of the Hill Coolies was equal to the labour of the /Wean labourers. He hoped the Government would take into them by the existence of the He thought that the duty on rum their consideration the propriety of having a general free trade —not a one-sided free trade—and that they would be allowed to use the Manilla and other sugars in the distilleries of this country and Scotland and Ireland. The public should have went of Powell Buxton. He acknow the best spirits which could be obtained, instead of the trashy acknowledgment had done for its suppression was a rced of late increased . Cuba, which thirty pre sentssubstanceshou l di intricate e m anto o ew r e e xf fairly wup:n equalised than it was at present. He was s l the exertions sufficient t hen would now say a few avoids in reference to the slave trade. le d Look ge d a t theth that t a c a k l n l t at carry t magnific ent hesl v years ago had to import sugar for her own consumption, now manufactured 200,000 to show that 100,000 slaves were annually imported there. If etradfaeiluhrade. Notwithstanding t a h n s d tan t s h i e in re g they wished to destroy the slave trade they must alloW slaves to back with them into Africa emigrate th e t ot, principles p Wept es o f vlndies,na Mr. HOPE thought that this measure was one of great severity, if not of great injustice, towards the West Indies. He did not advocate the Continuance of the pre sen t protective duties, but he thought the measure would be productive ofgreet injury to all those who had property in that quarter of the globe. The difficulty they would have to contend with in Africa would be the difficulty of inducing free men to go there. The condi tion of the people of Africa was that of master and slave, of lord and villain. The slaves there were not sold as slaves, nor were they sent away except for a crime. But still there slavery procuredwasmost andd b i u st t inuctithgreat difficulty, and -th en i n -verY undoubted. The people were no t to be Amino: ladji the .4 10 WU dtihreht-ithe/ IPA abundant supply, and under a system which had been lately introduced, ens gration from India was going on to a consider able extent, and there were no less than fi oin 9.0.000 to 30,000 men already embarked on their passage ; and by the present measure they entirely took away from these people the pros specs of any fair rex - numeration for their labour. He must ob ject to one statement made by a Government officer, which he , thought unfair. It was the letter of Mr. John Porter, stating that the. West Indies could produce an ample quantity of sugar, provided it had sufficient stimulus in the way of competition. He was aware that. the West Indies had already had too much competition, that she already felt the wound, and was injured , by the measures which had been alt eady adopted. Ile was I not one who looked upon a state of slavery as one of such horror as had been described, but he would conclude by saying that they were increasing its horrors by attempting to sup press it by force, and by causing greater losses to those en gaged in it. Sir 11. PEEL said, Sir, this House will probably recollect what has indeed been adverted to by the Noble Lord, the Member for Lynn, that at an early period of the present session, I announced the intention of the late Government to propose a measure with reference to the admission of foreign sugar, which was bated on a different principle front that which the Noble Lord has proposed. The proposal which I intended to make on the part of that government was to give greater facilities and encouragement to the admission of free labour, and I have no hesitation in saying that had that Govern ment remained in office, the proposal which I should have made on the part of that Government would have been that announced at an esrly period of the session. That measure so proposed on the part of the Government would have con tained the exclusion from the markets of this country of sugar the produce of the slave-trade, but would have admitted at lower rates of duty that sugar which was the produce of free labour and of foreign growth in competition with sugar the produce of our own country. I think it but right, therefore, that I should now state-the vote which I intend to give. - Both - myself and those who have acted along with me have felt that in the question of slave labour and the produce of slave labour, there was an exception to the principle on which the ordinary affairs of commerce were conducted. I felt that we stood in a pecultar position with regard to the West. India colonies. The case of the East Indies was different in regard to the supply of labour, but with respect to the West Indies we did think that this eountry did stand in a seecial and peculiar position towards it.—(Hear, hear.) You had no doubt made a great sacrifice in order to put an end to slavery in those colonies ; you had given for the emancipation of their slaves a liberal—nay, what many would consider a magnificent compensation ; but whether or no that was a sufficient com pensation for what the West Indian interest had given up is a question open to dispute. Be that as it ma y, it did subject the colonies to great disadvantages in competing with foreign countries where slavery was in existence.—( Hear, hear.) That led to the conclusion that it was right, before these colonies were required to enter into competition with other countries, that a considerable interval of time should be allowed to elapse.—( Hear.) it was the peculiar circumstances in which the Act of Emancipation had placed the West Indian taat led to the opinion in my own mind, and those with whom I have acted, that we ought to depart frcm the ordinary principles on which commercial affairs are con ducted. In that opinion, I may say, I was supported by one of the most strenuous supporters of the general application of free-trade. The gentleman to whom I allude is Mr. Deacon Hume. On this account we thought it of the greatest importance to preset ve to the West India interest the markets of this country, and that we should give an interval of time before entering upon an equalisation of duties with the pro duct of foreign countries. We thought also that the colonies stood in a different position irom other countries in regard to slavery. We had not only put an end to it in our colonies, but we had also undertaken the police of the seas, in which we had departed from all the ordinary rules of international law. In order to carry that out we formed treaties with other powers for the suppression and abolition of the slave trade, and we made these engaged in trade to submit to regulations which were net in agreement with the ordinary laws of com mercial intercourse. We instituted the right of search, and finding that France would not agree to that, we establish , d in concert wi:h the Government of that country an immense fleet o cruise off the coast of Africa, to put an end to the exportation of negroes from there to other countries. This was a violation of all international laws, still I consider it was perfectly right we should do so. We had gone further than the simple abrogation of slavery in our colonies'; we had not only shown a great example to other countries in the abolition of slavery in our colonies, but we did not rely on that alone, for we applied the physical main force of the country in order to put an end to the slave trade.—( Hear, hear.) It did appear, therefore, taking a full view of the question, that some time ought to elapse before the produce of slave-growing countries was admitted into competi tion with the produce of our colonial possessfons. In regard to the statement which was made by the Noble Lord (George Bentinek ) it is impossible to review it without being shocked at the horror of the system which he deprecates, or without feeling that public opinion and public sentiment will go along with him in its condemnation. The Noble Lord has given specimens of the horrors of this system. in which the House has fully sympathised; and if it could be shown that by raising the price of sugar Id. or I a pound, an effectual stop would be put to the horrors of this horrible traffic, I quite sure the country would cherfully make the saerifice.— am (Cheers.) Twenty millions had e been freely given is order to release the bonds of the West India slaves; and if the distinction now maintained between slave and free grown produce was calculated to abolish slavery in other countries, I ant sure the people of this country would willingly, bear the tax: I f.•ar that it may 'it 'first give a stimulus to slavery. It is not without great reluctance, therefore, that I have come to the resolution to give my support to the mea sure.—(Cheers.) I am forced to consider other rather than the mere abstract question ; there was the position of parties, and the prospect of forming a Government on the dissolu tion of the present Government.—( Hear, hear.) I agree with the Noble Lord that It ought to be no sham opposition. I agree that if any opposition were formed to her Majesty's Government, it ought to be an opposition intended to be fatal to that Government. I believe it possible by combination to displace the Noble Lord ; at least I believe it possible by com bination to throw out the measure.,, I think it would be pos sible to raise a feeling in this country against this measure, at all events to raise a fatal impediment to it ; and I feel myself bound to ask myself this question, whether I could sanction such opposition, and I think that I ought not.—( Hear, hear.) The Government with which I was connected was displaced by a vote of this House, tantamount to a withdrawal of confident:" from that Government.—( Hear. ) I yielded to that vote. The Noble Lord was called on by her Majesty to form a Government, as it seemed, with the appro bation of this House. The Noble Lord is prepared with a pro posal fi r the foci adjustment of this question. I am prepared for that. The Noble Lord could not. accept of power without being prepared with a proposal on this subject. I could have no daub' of it.— (Hear.) When in the beginnii.g of last year, in the month of February, I proposed my meas,ur-•on sugar, the Nettie Lord proposed a motion on the same sehject, fur doing away with the distinction between slave and free-labour sugars. That was the course which he pursued on that occasion. —( Hear ) In ti.e course of this year, when this question came on again to be considered, the Noble Laid, before the Easter recess, gave notice of a motion to the effect that the distinc tion between slave and free-labour sugar was impoltic and un lust, and that it could not be maintained, and that it should be abolished. The Noble Lord's proposal then was, that this distinction between slave and free labour sugar should be abolished. The Noble Lord, and those who sit with him on the Treasury benches, put the same construction on certain treaties, as 1 and those that are with me, put upon them ; hut I said that good faith must be kept, so far as effect, d the excluding of certain produce from the markets. —(Loud cries of Hear.) Consequently notice has been given of the course which the Noble Lord would follow, and good faith and consistency required chat that distinction between slave and free-labour sugsrs should be abolished.— ( Hear, hear.) Now I could not doubt that the Noble Lord, when he was called to power, would abolish that distinction. It was indeed open to the Noble Lord to proceed immediately, or to take time for the mature consideration of the subject, but the Noble Lord has chosen to proceed at once. Whether he proceeded at once, or took time till next November, it was a mere question of time. I understood that the Noble Lord arid his friends would effect the abolition of that distinction. Why perhaps it was better that it should be made at once, as far as sit may affect many interests in •he country. But there are many questions on which mature deliberation, perhaps, might be necessary ; the introduction of molasses duty free into this country, and the spirit duties—( Hear, hear)—were questions which he trusted the Noble Lord would take into further consideration, because he was doubtful as to the effect which the reduction of the duty on them may produce. Now, in the first place, in speaking of the \Vest India colonies, we must remember that there is a great expense attendant upon the imigration of free lab turers. There is a great expense attendant upon the introduction of natives from the East Indies; and there is a far greater expense in bringing Africans from the coast of Africa, but still this ought not to discourage your encouraging this immigration to the colonies ; and in saying this much, let me observe that you ought to accompany. the introduction' cOl'onies . of native labouier's . with 'Ati adequate supply of females.—( Hear, hear, and laughter.) If you determine to attempt a supply of Coolies for the West In dies, for the purpose of promoting the ultimate success of yo it plan, it will be of the utmost importance that there should be a due proportion of females introduced into the country. Entertaining, therefore, these views upon the subject of ad mitting, sugar, the produce of slave labour, into competition with free-labour sugar, I do hope the Noble Lord and his Government will reserve to themselves the power of here efter considering what arc the equivalent advantages which he will give to the West Indies.—( Hear, hear.) But I was g oos e on to say that I did not feel myself justified in enteri .g into a combination for the purpose of displacing the Noble Lord and his Government within six weeks after the day on which he had assumed office.—(Hear, hear.) But, says the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn, you may safely enter into such a combination, and the Noble Lord will still retain office. Well, I will nut pretend to know what course the Noble Lord will adopt, but. this I will say, that I think the Noble Lord, under the circumstances in which lie is placedLunder the cir cumstanees in which he accepted power—and being defeated now on so important a measure of his commercial policy as the present, would, I cannot say give up power, but, in my opinion, lie would be fully justified in doing so.—( Hoar, hear.) Those, then, who :compel him to abdicate power ought to exercise their discretion, and, in doing so, they are bound to ask themselves whether in the event of success they are pre pared to undertake the Administration of public affairs. There are circumstances in the history of every country where that question must be asked by those who enter into combinations for the purpose of displacing a prevailing Government.—( Hear, hear.) Two Governments have existed within the last six weeks. Shall a third he formed ? Upon what principle ? (Hear, hear, and laughter.) Shall their be a restoration of the late Government?—(Cries of " No, no.") I entirely concur in that opinion.—( Hear, hear, and laughter.) I do think that the late Government, having withdrawn from office in consequence of a signification on the part of the House, tantamount to a vote of want of confidence in its policy the defeat of the Government who succeeded it by a combination effected by the former within six weeks after its determination, without any prospect of future success, would be discreditable to the country.—(Cheers.) I believe the country could have little confidence in those who had thrown theat out, and therefore, entertain ng these views, I have come to the conclusion that it would not be for the public advantage to enter into a combination for the sake of displacing the present Government. The protection party,'with whom I am prepared to speak with all respect, at any rate cannot be surprised that they themselves could not take office, or form a Government, with any prospect of advantage or success ; nor are they, perhaps, prepared to enter into a combination for de feating the present occasion with a view of recalling those to power who have just left office. —(Hear, hear.) I soy, then, that what has taken place, seeing the:manifest divergence of opinion exhibited on this measure amongst those who were the supporters of the late Government, only confirms me in the opinion that defeating the Noble Lord upon this commercial measure would be attended by no good results, and at once I admit that I am not prepared to take the consequences of such a conclusion as that I allude to — (Cheers)—seeing the posi tion of parties compels those who have taken part in the public services of the country to consider the question of what will be the result of displacing the Government which has now held power for six weeks. At the same time it it could be shown that a Government could be formed which could permanently resist the introduction of slave labour sugar by those who, like my Hon. Friend, sincerely think, that at all hazards the introduction of articles, the produce of slatieelabow, should afilie it WOiig b‘t digivent 41415 04t, j have wriow, 4404 9111elloa, r in the ptesent state of public opinion, the formation of any Go vernment could permanently cominue the present system. If indeed you could lay down the principle that you would, under no circumstances whatever, consume the produce of slave la bour, and you could hold out to the colonies the assurance that that principle would be ddhered to, it would be a different matter; but is it likely or probable that a Government could be formed either by any party or any combinatian of parties, which could hope to per manently maintain the principle ; that articles the produce of slave labour shall not be admitted into this country. Hear, hear.) Let me then observe that the Noble Lord, the Mem ber tor Lynn does not down the principle that articles the produce of slave labour shall not be admitted. The Noble Lord does not even lay down the principles that we will main tain the stars, goo, that we will admit cotton that is now used in this country, that we will admit tobacco that is now used in this country, but that we wili go no further, that we will per mit no further violation of the principle which tend to con tinue slavery.—( Hear, hear.) The motion of the Noble Lord is in fact similar to the resolution, which was moved by my Noble Friend the Member for Liverpool, in 1841. He wished to continue the discriminating duties on slave -labour sugar, because the admission into this country of that article depended, in a great measure, upon the supply of sugar the produce of free labour, (Hear, hear.) The effect of the Noble Lord's resolution is, that under certain circumstances—if the prices were greatly increased—you would admit slave-grown sugar into the market under certain modifications-. What assurance could merchants have of the permanence of any arrangement which did not contemplate the difficulties which might arise from a scarcity, natural or artificial. The estimates which he has formed might be less favourable at some period than they are at the present moment, and in such a case the planters would have reason to fear that the people of this country would not tolerate the high prices.—(Cries of " -No, no.") Well, if yod say " N0,.n0, are. you prepared to affirm, as permanent, a resolution, be the state of the market or the occasion what it may, that you will not admit slave-labour sugar.— ( Hear, hear.) But that is not what you are prepared to:affirm, and you do not give any assurance to the colonists that they may safely rely upon your permanency of legislation upon this question ; and you, therefore, bring doubt and insecurity into the minds of the capitalist and traders. The Noble Lord has endeavoured to make a permanent adjustment of this question, and the colonists, as well as all those in the trade, attach the utmost importance to a permanent adjustment, as it will enable the capitalist to know with what he has to contend. He will know, moreover, that there will be extended to him a qualified protection, and that at the end of a certain period there must be free competion.—( Hear, hear.) Unless you admit the principle of the Noble Lord, that slave labour at some period must be ad mitted to compete with free labour, you cant ot attain perma nency in any measure you adopt. When I proposed to reduce the duty on free labour, I did not hope to introduce a permanent treasure ; had I remained in power it was my inten tion to have proposed the continuance of the sugar duties. for one year, in order to give the experiment a farther trial. Hut I doubt exceedingly that this House could be prevailed to pass a permanent law which did not contemplate at some period the free admission of slave-grown sugar. Any other proposal would have been suiject to the disadvantage of being a temporary measure, and the slave holder, seeing the state of public opinion in the country—seeing the division of parties, and that the subject was o.ie ot continual controversy—never would abandon the hope that at no distant period he would be admitted to the same ad vantages as the cultivator with tree labour. He would not fail to cherish that hope. The slaveholder in Brazil would nourish the same hope, he would be constantly expecting that at no distant day he would be admitted to compete with free labour, whilst the capitalist in free labour would not know whether it would be safe to invest his capital in the cultivation of the Otaheitan cane, which promises so many great advantages to the producer I believe, on the whole, that, in the present state of public opinion, there may be a chance of temporal., contribution to the promotion of slavery, but I believe it will be only temporary, and that the evil of continuing the uncertainty far out weighs any consideration of such a character. I will not enter into a detail of the plan of the Noble Lord ; my earnest hope is, that his :great object will be to make a final settlement of the question.—( Hear, hear.) I do hope that he will listen with attention to every proposal which, doing away with a destructive duty, may have for its object the intention of enabling free-labour su g ar to compete with slave sugar. I do not enter i n t o details I do not wish to embarrass him. My support will be of a bond fide kind, and he will feel that he is best ensuring the success of a great principle by enablir g those who have nothing but their labour successfully to compete with those who continue the traffic in slaves. —( Hear, hear.) Sir, entertaining, therefore, this opinion, avoiding any discussion on the details, entertaining a sincere belief that at no remote period, if this measure be obstructed now, that it must be ultimately earrried—( Cheers) —believing that if any one is to carry it there is none better entitled to the credit attached to success than the Noble Lord. —(Cheers)—l am come to the resolution, not, as I said before, without hesitation and without reluctance, to give my support to the principle of his measure, and in supporting the principle of that measure it is my resolution not to embarrass him by a vexatious opposition.•—( Loud cheers.) Mr. P. MILES, amidst some confusion, moved the adjourn ment of the debate, after which _ Sir T. ACLAND rose, and said that he did not wish to persuade the House either to come to a decision at once, or adjourn the discussion, but he must beg for the indulgence of, the House, whilst he said that in his opinion the Right Hon. Baronet • had come to 'the"determination announced by him solely from a consideration of the state of parties in that House—( Vociferous cheering from the pro tectionists)—and of the way in which the present Government might be affected by his vote upon this question. —(Continued cheering from the same parties). His Noble Friend opposite was either right or wrong in his policy, bat the question on which they had to decide was one of the greatest moment, and he ( Sir T. Acland), for his own part, nisclaimed, in the strongest manner, any wish to promote the interests or views of any party in that House by the vote which he intended to give on thi: question.--( Hear, hear.) He dis claimed, in the strcngest manner, being influenced by any hostile opposition to the Noble Lord at the head of the Govern ment, in giving the vote which he intended to record on this question. Indeed, he was prepared, in homely phrase, to give the present Government .‘ a fair trial and no favour." (Hear, hear.) He felt that the Noble Lord opposite was actuated by feelings of the most upright character when he proposed the measure. He believed that the Right lion. Bart., the mem ber for Tamwortb, in giving his vote on this question was in fluenced by considerations as to the existence of the Government. He would wish to ask whether the wishes of the parties who were thought to be admitted to a voice in that House had been considered, and whether the great ma.ses of the people of this country were admitted into their councils. He contended that they were not admitted to a share in the councilg of the nation.—( Hear, hear.) It. had been the policy of this country during the last thirty years to do all in their power to put down the abominable slave trade at any and every cost, and he could not understand how they now consistently adopt a proposition to countenance and encourage the slave traffic in human beings.—(Hear, hear. ) Mr. P. BORTH WI CK amidst great laughter and con fusion, seconded the motion for the adjournment of the debate. The SPEAKER having put the question that the House do now adjourn. Lord J. RUSSELL said that as it was not likely that the debate could be ecncluded that night he would support the mo tion for an adjournment of the debate, which had been pre viously moved by an Hon. Alember. After a few words from Mr. MILES the debate was ad journed. Mr. EWART withdrew the motion of which he had given notice. Mr. HUNIE also consented to withdraw his motion. SUPPLY. The report of this Committee o•as brought up and agreed to. DEODANDS ABOLITION (No. 2) BILL. On the motion of Mr. BOUVERIE this Bill was read a second time. BATHS AND WASHHOUSES (IRELAND). Mr. PIGOT obtained leave to bring in a Bid for promoting the voluntary establishment in boroughs, cities, and towns, in Ireland, of Public Baths and Wa.thhouses. The Bill was then read a first and second time, and The House adjourned at a quarter -past one o'clock. PARLIAMENTARY DIV Ltil ONS (From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons. MONDAY, JULY 27. LANCASTER AND - PRESTON JUNCTION RAILWAT BILL. Report considered : Motion made. and Question proposed, " That the Amendments made by the Committee to the Bill be now read a second time :"—Amendment proposed, to leave out from the words " That the" to the end of the Question, in order to add the words " Report to be taken into further consideration upon this day six months," instead thereof:—Question put, " That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Question." The House divided .111INORIiY-AYES;•6. • • • • • .• ,• • ." Austen, Colonel French, F. TELLERS. nrotherton, Joseph Ilimlley, Charles Greene, Thomas Duncombe: Thoxims Philips, Mark Estcourt, T. G. MAJORITY-NOES, 71. A'Ceurt, Captain Elphinstone, Sir 11. Mostyn, E. N. L. Arkwright, George Esmonde, Sir T. Newport, Visa. Arundel, Earl of Evans, William O'Brien, A. Stafford Astell, William Ewart, William O'Connell, Daniel Baine, Walter FeWen, Sir W. Paget, Lord A. Barnard, E. G. Forster, Mathew Plumridge, Captain Barron, Sir D. ' , rowel), C. 11. Powlett, Lord W. I teckett, W. Fuller, A. E. Round, John Benbow, John Gore, Robert Smith, J. A. ltentinck, Lord G. Batton, Captain Somers, J. P. Bernal, Ralph . - Hill, Lerd Marcus Strutt, Edward Blackburne, J. I. Hodgson, R. T Thompso n, ltorney Aid. 'Thomas Bowring, Dr. Horsman, E. Broadwood, 11. Howard, I'. 11. 'ruffle% Relay brown, W. Hume, Joseph Vane, Lord 11. Browne, W. Butt, William Wyse, Thomas Collett, W. H. Inglis, Sir R. 11. Wall, C. B. Collett, John James, William Wawn, J. T. Collins, William Layatd, Captain Williams, W. Corbally, M. E. Lemon, Sir C. Wood, Colonel T. Craig, W. G. Lindsay, 11. 11. Wortley, J. S. Dennistoun, J. Lowther, Hon. Col. Douglas, Sir H. Mackinnon, W. TELLERS. Duncan, George Mangles, R. D. Aglionby, 11. A. Duncombe, 0. Marshall, William Buller,:Edward MR. WEBSTER'S BENEFIT AT THE HAYMARKET THEATRE.—The benefit of Mr. Webster, the spirited lessee of the Haymarket Theatre, takes place to-morrow evening, being the 554th night of the season. Whenever, from want of public patronage, other theatres have been forced to close, every artiste of the least pretension to talent who has been, in consequence of such premature closure, thrown on the world without an engagement, has found a home at the Haymarket, and the histrionic talent of the metropolis has accordingly rallied round Mr. Webster on the present occa sion. Madame Anna Thillon, Madame Celeste, the Misses Cushman, and the Ethiopian Serenade rs h ave, i n the hand somest manner, given their gratuitous services, and will appear, supported by the whole strength of the regular Haymarket company, far and away the most complete company for comedy in the British dominions—perhaps in the world. But if the Haymarket has been the home of the destitute artiste it has been also the refuge of the distressed playgoer, who, ',,hut out from other theatres, has always been enabled to enjoy an evening's intellectual amusement of a high order at the Haymarket. The artistes have shown their gratitude by rallying round Webster—let the playgoers do likewise. [ADVERTISEMENT.] How TO OBTAIN HEALTH WHEN LosT.—The wonderful regenerating effects that Holloway' , Pills produce upon the whole system are truly astonishing. Thb surprising medicine perfect.y identifies and assimilates itself will the blood and other fluids, while it removes from them all impu• Mies ; it acts upon the stomach, the heart, the lungs, and the kid net's, and in its course so surely cleanses and invigorates thost organs as to make the return of health the immediate consequence of a few doses of this wonder-working remedy. Persons of weal and debilitated constitutions are sure to regain their health and vigou by their use, even when every other means have failed.—Sold by al medicine vendors , likewise at Prcgessor Holloway's Establighment 244, Strand, London. Potato failures are reported to be on the increase, and the tendency to sell in the drills is becoming- prevalent. A. fine geld was bought this week at Greenfield—the best look ing crop we have seen—by Mr. W. Wilton, victualler, New ton, eleven acres Scotch, at 15/. each. The disease has made its appearance in the vicinity of Dairy, and we have heard of four differentinstence.s in which plots have been found to be affected. Should the weather prove favourableratteoltg will be commenced on the farts 4 . 00119103, .1 3 6494 RiFialrY) 10itaipt i wAir aiterefr, 4.0 --is THE LATE CASE OF miLrriu tY FLOGGING. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yester, day- The jury re-asssembled at halt-past two o'clock, a nu' the inquiry was resumed — Dr. Hall said he was a graduate of St. Andrew's, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of London, and first class stall-surgeon in the army. Saw the deceasen 01 1 the day of his death, on account of an order which he ; -e -ceiv•-el from Sir James 111`Greggor, with directions to get , Hounslow by the quickest conveyance, and arrived here a twenty inutuezi past seven in the evening. He met Dr. Warren, and, they proceeded to the hospital, where Dr. Warren pointed out the deceased. lie expired in his pre sence, at a quarter past eight o'clock. Dr. Warren stated, as a reason for sendh`g for advice to use, that the man had had 150 lashes, and th.lt he was labouring under inflamma tion of the chest. Treati:tent would have been of no use at that time, as the pulse ban subsided at tl.'e wrist, and the man was dying. I looked at .bis back and found it healed. Reported the fact of the man's* death ➢to Sir M`Greggor that night; also attended the postmortem e.•camination. Never heard anything about the probribility of cn inques t being held upon the deceased at that time. At the p ost mortem examination he took notes of the, appearance' of the body. Its appearance was thatof a well-grown muscular man ; the body was not much wasted by disease ; there was the mark of a blister on the stomach, anothe: on the back, bel. the shoulder-blade, and marks of punishment across WO shouldes, 'particularly across the right shoulder-blade, lilte the skin had- quite healed, with the exception of a few boiLe. On opening the chest we found the right lung firmly attached to the diaphragm. On the left side there were recent adhe sions between the lung and the rib, the pluera was inflamed and about twelve ounces of fluid hail forced into the cavity of the left pleura, which had the appearance of recent in.. ham mation, andcontained shreds oflynrph. The lung itself was gorged with serum, and the mutcular tissue was soft and easily torn. There was idlammation of all the membranes of the heart. The inflammation extended a little way along the pulmonary artery, and over the secs i-lunar valves at the commencement of the heart. The teni:ens between the left cavities of the heart were matted w.ogether by the recent infusion of lymph. The pericardium did not contain more tluid than natural. 'llhe liver was enlarged beyond the margin of the ribs, and there was some inflammation in the large lobe. The sub,tance of . the liver itself was not unhealthy. I should call it simply an e:flarge rnent of the liver unattended with disease; all the _other vessels of the belly were healthy. Did not examine ,he spine. The head was opened and the membranes of th.e brain were found congested. The skin was removed from thef. back at his request, to ascertain the nature of the tissue be low, and might have been live or six inches, but it might have contracted much. All the tissues were perfectly natural —there was no trace of inflammation (the skin was produced). He said the true skin was not broken by the flogging, and was not cut away with the intention of secreting anything, Phut to see the nature of the tissue below. The true skin lie r, peated was not got through. Attributed death principally to inflammation of the lung membrane of the heart, pluera and left lung. Ascribed the cause of inflammation to the change of the temperature at the time he was recovering. That wag the most likely thing he could ascribe it. to. Could not at-- tribute it to the flogging. A man belonging to the regiment died yesterday from inflammation. Afr. WARCEY explained to the witness the reason why he did not wish him to be present at the second examination of the body by Dr. Wilson, yesterday ; the jury considered that the examination should be made by medical gentlemen un connected with the regiment, Dr. Hall then stated that during the whole course of his: , military experience he never heard men who had receive corporal punishment complain of pains in the chest. Ile , had carefully examined the chest of Matthewson, and found that he did not labour under any inflammation of EL' e Dr. Reid, Staff Assistant-Surgeon, Graduate of the L niver sity of Edinburgn, and Licentiate of the College of Sure ons of the same place—Did not see the man during his life. Had maths Bost mortem examinations for the last thirteen years. Had heard the evidence of Dr. II ill, and agreed with him as to the cause of the man's death, and the appearances of the body, which he described at length. It was a difficult thing to determine the cause of intlamination, The punishment h ad nothing whatever to do with the cause of death. This was the first case he had ever heard, with the e:zceptien of the case of the man flogged by Governor Wall,of a man's death being caused by flogging. Mr. Horatio Day, surgeon, of Isleworth, w,4 4 then ex amined—Never saw the deceased alive, but na,Nde,a post mortem examination of the ,v ‘ ter the death, in company with his b body on T N h o urs o d n a e y cot,. was present. A post mortem examination had been made b °fore., Opened the cavity of the chest and abdomen, part 0' which lie found very much decomposed. The heart appear smaller than usual, and the muscular fibres softer than usual ;'t the lung of the heart was redder than usual, but it might have been caused by the previous examination of the organ. • The lungs were gorged, and the pleura exhibited in flammation. The liver was larger and he thought paler than usual, but there was nothing peculiar in the appeizrance. Had heard all the evidence, and considered the immedate cause of death pleursy and pneumonia, caused no doubt from change of temperature f rom h ea t t o co ld. Mr. Erasmus Wilson, surgeon, rellow of the College of Surgeons, Consulting Surgeon to the St. Pancras Hospital,. and lecturer on anatomy and physiology, in Middlesex: Flospital—Had written works on "Healthy and Unhealthy . Skin," and on the "Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Skirl.'" Made a ,Post mortem examination of the back of the deceased, at Heston churchyard, on Wednesday, the 22d of July. The body was very much decomposed. Dr. Hall here, at the request of the Coroner,read his report to Sir James INPGreggor, which was simply detailed in the evidence adduced above. They were respectively handed in, The examination of Mr. Wilson was then proceeded with,. and he read from a printed statement the result of his lin-esti . gation. The inflammation existed, though the skin and the muscles below were pulpy and soft, which had extended so deep as the lining of the chest. The spine was in great de-- composition, but healthy. Attributed the pulpy softening to the contraction of the muscles taking place during the agony of punishment. The report concluded by stating that the corporal punishment was the cause of the pulpy and dis ordered state of the lungs. There could be no doubt that the man would be alive now, if he had not been flogged. After some further evidence, the inquest was again ad journed. THE LATE ACCIDENT ON . THE EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY. An inquiry which lasted the entire day was comment:A:l yesterday mornir,g at ten o'clock before Mr. W. Baker,.iur , .. and a respectable jury, at the Duke of Richmond 'Tavern , . l)alston, on the body of Mr. Hind, aged GO, of No. 3., Victoria Villas, Dalston, who died from the effects of the in juries he received by the late collision on the Eastern Coun ties Railway. Mr. Roney, the secretary, Mr. Scott, the superintendent of the line, Mr. Samuels, the resident engineer, and Mr. Duncan. the solicitor, attended to represent the company. Mr. Raw lings, a solicitor of Romford, appeared to watch the inquiry on behalf of the engine-driver and stoker. Mr. Francis Tobin, surgeon, of Hackney, was first exa mined, and deposed to being called to the deceased ont Saturday evening, the 18th, at half-past six o'tdock. He complained of pain in the chest a nd abdomen. There. were no external marks of injury , exc e p t a sli g ht one on the cheek. The deceased died on Friday morning, And on making a post niortcm examination of the body, fot4 quite sufficient internal injuries to account for death. 110 understood the deceased was in the last carriage of the train, a portion of which fell upon his body. Such a pressure was sufficient to have produced the injuries that occasioned his death. John Arch, a coach-body maker, living in Prospect-row, Shalford, stated that he was walking up Angel-lane, near' the station, when he beard the crash of the accident. He immediately hastenctf to the station, when he saw the deceased lying by the pfztform with a portion of the sides of the second-class carriage in which he had been riding., resting upon him. He assisted it: removing him into the , station. . James Backshaw, in the compaZiY's employ, spoke to similar facts. William Bush, a porter in the service of the company, said that he saw the deceased gentleman sem:sed in a room of the Stratford station. He assisted in removing' hint into a fly, and driving him to his residence. Mr. Benjamin Richardson, the Stratford statiot:-master, was subjected to a very lengthened examination, oce,,pying severallours. His testimony was precisely the same that he adduced before the magistrates at Ilford, and which 3+: 115 fuly reported in our columns of last Tuesday. He, however, gave.a few additional - facts, to the effect that if the signal had been on the down line side it certainly would have been seen farther. From the spot where a e signal is first seen to the platform of the station is 479 yards, and presuming an engine was travelling' tt thirty miles an hour when the sig nal was first sighted, the distance was quite sufficient to enakte it, to be, brought to a stoppage ere it could reach the station. The witness underwent a cross- examination by Mr. Raw flags, which lasted until the close of the day's proceedings. He declared that there was an increase of officers at his sta tion, instead of a decrease. T he increase bad ta k en plat. regulations inteir em of p i t oy he , . c a . o b n o i u p t . hyr etoe t months g s c o e . d . c s o a p n y d or otl t rrs was here produced. Several of the rules were read as evi dence, from which it appeared that the engine -drivers and stokers were directed to pay most particular attention to all signals to stop, whether the cause of their being made is , S t a a y t p f Np o vi r e. o d raee J la u i v o na 3a a , ls‘qv to sound r s ts eo g ru i df e , c h o il n snt t e n a u no e on d ui a w l eer h a i rt s in tr z known or not. They were also enjoined on approaching e fired ; a t t l o e i u l mile. Stratford station. It being now near six o'clock, the Coroner adjourned the inquiry until this morning at ten o'clock. He was desired by he jury to write to the Board of Trade, for the purpose of obtaining the attendance of Captain Cuddington, the deputy Government' inspector of railways, so as to examine hint on the experiments-he made in the course of his official investi gation into the cause of the accident. The other'sufferers by the accident are going on favourably. MURDER T NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE- UPON-TYNE, SATURDAY --Considerable sen sation was caused here this morning, by the discovery of the body of Robert .Lowthin, the registrar of births, deaths, and marriages for the Gateshead district, in the r iver Tyner near the high crane at Newcastle; and circumstances have since transpired which excite strong suspicion of his having teen murdered. The police were draggi ng f o r a b o y named. Dickinson, who had been observed, on the preceding day, playing near the high craiie, but had been since missed. when they found the body of :Air. Lowthin. It appears, from inquiries that have been instituted, that Lowthui had on. Friday received his quarterly salary as registrar, and, at eight o'clock the same night he was in , the Charles the Twelfth public-house, at the north end of Tyne bridge, wheni it was observed by the landlord that he had a watch, and a considerable sum of money in his purse. Ile was then in liquor. He was seen again about two o'clock on the morn ing of Saturday, by the superintendent of police in Gates head, in company with a notoriously bad character going to wards Newcastle: When his body was c;"und• his watch and purse were missing. An inquest was opOw d to before Mr. Stoker, and e v id ence o f id e ntity having been ig h ret - ceived, it was adjourned t i ll M on d a y. Th e mari with whorl , ' Lowthin was last seen i n compan y h as b ee n -n and the police are_actively engaged in pursuing inquiries, with a view to trace the watch, the number of which and the maker's name are known. - —FATAL ACCIDENT ON TAE SREFFIELD,,, As *ON UNDER LYNE, AND MANCHESTER RAlLWAY. — Oit.Saturday, a most melantholy accident occurred to an old man, eighty five years of age. It appears the deceased •having taken a ticket at the Oughts-bridge station for Sheffield had to wait. the up-train from Blanchester,; he therefore strolled down the line for a short distance, when, having turned the comer of a bridge, the nine o'clock express train from Sheilield kgtid &llly came upon Wm, and before he had an opportunity Of getting out or the way the train ran 'over him and killed elm on the spot. Etats.—Workmen have commenced the demolition or the elephant in the Place de Ic Bastille. The fl,g4rll 18 uqw ,peeed chiefly of -wood and plaster, very little iron about it. At the first bkw of the hum.F4 AP_l_F . llg MI Oa, UCt fewer tliaa 204Thaving tvess