The Sun. — London, England, 1846-06-03 00:00:00

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. TIMES.—The swindling case at Windsor, described in the Times of to-day and yesterday, has formed a leading subject of conversation among the banking circles in the City, and it is generally thought that an important lesson is afforded against heedlessness in giving out cheque-books. The case is really this :—A person goes to a banker with a cheque drawn upon another banker, who lives at a sufficient distance to render immediate presentation impossible, and on the strength of this cheque opens an account and obtains a cheque-book, by which he is enabled to dazzle the eyes of various tradesmen. Even if he meets with one more sceptical than the rest, he is able to send the objector to the banker (here Messrs Neville Reid and Co), being sure that all iuquiries will meet a satisfactory answer, provided that the time which is occupied: by the original cheque going to its destination and coming hack has not expired. When that cheque returns dishonoured, of course the scheme is " blown,' as was actually the case. It is quite clear that the whole deep-laid plan of the frau dulent party was to obtain possession of a blank cheque bock. He contemplated no advance of money, nor of pro perty of any kind, but simply a blank cheque-book, with a reference springing out of it, which would last two or three days. To those who would look at the matter with a merely legal eye, and consider a blank cheque-book as a mere form signitying nothing, the swindler will appear to have taken a great deal of pains for a very little object. But practically it was a very great object, and this the " gentle manly-looking man " k new well enough. He knew that in the eyes of i nexper i enced tradesmen the possession of a cheque-book was some sort of evidence that the ee sna il l io w g hi f s rera h het rote !a upon th e d ocument would b e forth banker. Had he written his cheque upon a piece of white paper, he would probably have dune nothing, but th ere is a certain magic combina tion of copper pl ate and manuscript which i bicll h common eyes, e-peci a ll .) when accompanied by a mpiPaZaTsiftittyo of manner in the person who delivers the document. Tbis is so well known in London. that some of the bankers, wheia they give the cheque-bo. , k to a customer, accompany it with a precaution that it should be kept under lock and key, lest it, should find its way into improper hands. Some of the joint-stock banks adopt the further precaution of st amp i ng the book of each custome r with a particular number, so t h at if any of the blanks are impropeyus t e h d e , t w h r e ( s ) n g ha p v r e oe a e t ed an ed. y rate some clue to the source when ce l one of John Smith's blank Thus, if a forgery is committed cheques, the bankers know at once thate o it was whoast hadornfrom John smith's book, and probably by s o w ac cess to John Smith's strong box. The general view taken here is, tha,.ttthhetheWindsor blank banker s is were imprudent in parting so readily cheque book. At all events, they should have waited for the return of the chequ e , an d ascertaine d t h at t h e mone y was in their coffer, before they gave the power of drawing. But even this precaution would have fallen far short of that which is adopted by the more prudent bankers in London, who will not open an account with a person unless he gives a respect able reference, or at any rate a satisfactory account of him self, though he presents a bundle o f Bank of England notes, or a bag of hard sovereigns. Many swindlers on a large scale, if they have scraped together a few hundreds, would be glad to open a bonii-fide account with some banking-house of good standing, and thus secure a respectable reference in the event of some inconvenient curiosity. Against such perversions of banking as this the London banker is particu larly on his guard, though we suppoe at Windsor, where a cheque tn a banker two days' journey off, paid in by an utter stranger, is deemed at once to be good, such precautions would be thought fastidious in the extreme. HERALD.__e are enaLled to state that Lord Aberdeen has intimated to Mr. M`Lane, the American Minister in London, that our Government have determined to offer their mediation for the arrangement of all differences between Mexico and the United States. The necesary instructions and full powers for the purpose will be forwarded to Mr. Pakenham by the Caledonia steamer, the letters for which are made up to-morrow evening. This is a matter of very great importance, and every friend to humanity and justice must ardently desire that the mediation may have a success ful result. It is further understood that our Government has ascertained that the offer of mediation will not be unaccept able to the Executive of the United States. %Weft atseakistacdon havtg aris , •n itmon the artisans tuffreged iirre production of the Llama Clothin the West of En e tt, lay reaaon of a rumour that it wasAise istenti on of • - rs. Nieolt of Regent-street, to remove.atrch umlau t - facture neetrerto" e metropolis, those gentlemen have issued s_eireular deaTigg uch to be their purpose, and which h as eleg rgllP a large b•dy of men. L IN/ c combats, had far greater difficulties to contend with, and burdens of a very different weight hanging over our beads. I feel confident that the policy followed since 1840 has much to do with this serenity, and that the Government has contributed to bring about this happy state of things. For my part, I congratulate myself that, notwithstanding the violent attacks which have been directed against the Government, we are at present in such a position as to be able to hear without inconve nience everything that may be alleged in this trioune." —(Loud applause and great agitation.) IN TEE SITTING OF NAT 29. M. TRIERS, after a few observations on the increase of the National Debt, again recurred to the subject of the relations of the Ministers with the Crown. He had three times brought that question before the Chamber. The first was in a great debate, is which he had ob tained the support of MM. Guizot and Duchatel ; the second on the occasion of a member of the Cabieet be ing Ambassador at London ; and the third when the discussion of the incompatibilities had been brought forward. He was altogether of opinion that France had given herself to her King, and that she was fortunate in meeting with such a prince ; but he (M. Thiers) must be also permitted to say that it was a great happiness for that prince to reign over so great and noble n court• try as France.—(Hear, hear) As to the conditions of the contract, he had no need to repeat them—the Cham ber knew them all. 111. Dt:FIN (pointing to the picture over the President's chair, of the King swearing to observe the Charter) There is the representation of the sacred act I (Ap plause from the left.) M. TRIERS was deeply attached to the monarchy. hs but the The savage nations of Asia also had people of France could not be Under the Restoration, a generous king ex govmegeladrelik'e them. go,od and ex isted, but he was persuaded that if the .opposition earned ground, he would lose his head on the hurled scaffold .pee Ministry, and urged matters to ; he governed with that idea, worked against the Mei - epee such a point that Fr anc , rose up one day, and him from the th rone They all had sprung from the Restorati on , and they be.: lieved that what was required was the existence of re sponsible :Ministers —Ministers who were independent, who protected the Crown, and who aid not stand aside before it.—(Hear, hear.) Ministers who thus gave way allowed the evil and the good to pass equally by. He maintained that Ministers ought to completely cover and protect the Crown. They ought to have a firm will ; this he conceived to be a necessity of their constitutional system. Some attempts had been made to connect to gether a speech of his with the late attempt against the King's life —at least some of the journals had endea voured to do so. He protested against such insinuations, though it was scarcely necessary, after the many proofs which be had given of his devotedness to the throne.— (" Hear, hear," from the left.) He should terminate by saying that, if the present Ministry was not to last for ever ; if, some day or other, circumstances should in duce the Crown to have recourse to a Ministry now appearing impossible, and that he should be sent for to take part in the counsels of the Crown, he should bring with him the greatest devotedness ; if he found himself in accord with the King, he should be truly delighted ; if not, he should retire. He thought that such pride was better than that of the men who lowered themselves, not to keep power, but merely the appearance of it.— (" Hear, hear," from the left.) MINISTER of FOREIGN AFFAlRS—Whenever the Hon. M. Thiers has attacked the Ministry, he said—" You are mere instruments ; if I had been satisfied to do like you, I could have remained Minister."—(Agitation.) TRIERS —I never said that I MINISTER of FOREIGN AFFAIRS—That was the sense, if not the text, of the Hoe. Deputy's words ; and what did that signify, if not that there was an influence that made and unmade Ministers ? If the Opposition had said that the Ministry was feeble and perverse, and allowed the Crown to take too much parr in one of the powers of the State, he should have nothing to say.— (Violent exclamations on the left.) He was astonished that the distinction was not observed, and he would re peat his remark.—(Hear, hear.) They might accuse the Ministry of weaknese corruption, or even worse, but they could accuse them alone.—(Applause.) This was not done when they said, '° IF I had done as you did I might still be a Minster."—(Adheeien from the centre.) He had already said, and repeated, the part of a constitutional Minister consisted in the maintenance of a good accord between the three great powers of the state. Tout this was a great labour for Ministers was incontestable. Before the Chambers they defended the laws which were brought before them, and with the Crown they fulfilled an analogous mission ; they entered into discussion with it and induced it to consent to what appeared to them good and useful.—(llovement on the left.) The Crown was not a seat on which a bar was placed that no one might sit thereon ; it was not a door closed to all ambitions, to all toessiens ; it was more than that, it was an active sad real part 01 their Government institutions. M. 0. EARROTT —You are quite right. MINISTER of FOREIGN AFFAIRS— l'he Crown was an intelligent person, which had its ideas, its sentiments, and its desires, like other animated beings. That person bad rights and duties ; his duty was to p,•)vern con • fornoahly to the eharter, and in accord with the great public powers. Tnat duty had never failed, and would never be waning —(Movement.) He repeated that the Crown was an intelligent person, and not a mere ma chiue made to occupy a elate, which others might take. A Voice--And the Queen of England. MINISTER of FOREIGN AFFAIRS--If the Hon. Mem ber who had interrupted him had known what took place in England—if he was aware that one of the greatest measures—Catholic emancipation, had been postponed for twenty years because Sir R. Peel, power ful as he was. could not persuade the s ;TOWT4 to acquiesce in it, he would tot have inters upted him. A Voice—lt was, howt ver, eventually passed. MINISTER Of FoREIGN AFFAIRS—Did the lion. Deputy know why ? He would tell him. Because in England there was no Minister who would wish to im pose a despotic will on others ; because in England all political men, all Ministers, knew that it was neces sary to treat and discuss with the Crown, and they did so. That was how things were conducted in England, and the same course should be pursued here. He had the day before used the expressien " stand aside," in face of the throne. He was net the first who had employed it. Lords Chatham and Grey had used it, a:-d the latter had done so in order to give William IV. all the honour of carrying the Reform Bill. Ho had used the word in the same sense in which the above Nobleman had employed it, in order to give the King the credit for all the good that was done. But when the question was no longer to " stand aside," but to shield the Crown against the accusations brought against the Government, the Cabinet would know how to fulfil its mission as well as any other.—(Agitation, and cries of " Divide.") The discussion was then declared to be closed. The Chamber rose at a quarter to eight. and on a di vision, as our readers are already aware, the Ministers obtained a majority of 73. In a few days, in 2 vols., small Svo. OETICAL WORKS of HORACE SMI (One of the Authors of" Rejected Addresses.") Now First Collect& d. Orders received by all Booksellers, Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. 13, Great Mariborough-street. A FIFTH EDITION of THE CRESCENT AND THE CROSS. By ELIOT WARBLTRTO - N, Esq. Is now ready, in 2 vols., with numerous Illustrations, price 21s. bound. Orders received by all Booksellers. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. LADY BLESSINGTON'S N ItW NOVEL. Now ready, at all the Libraries in 3 vols., MEMOIRS OF A FEMME DE CIIAM_BRE, By the COUNTESS OF BLESSINGTON. "We will not undertake the invidious task of pointing out the originals of clever portraits hung up for public exhibition in these volumes ; but -we cannot refrain from remarking that the author has shown artiste judgment In her admixture of the gay and grave, and that her light colours of satire and comedy are rendered more effective by contract with the sombre huos of sentiment and pathos."—Morning Post. " A work rf no eommo,i powers of observation and descriptlOn."-- Literary Gazette. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. L I C SALE, beg to ESSRS. LAMOND, SMALE, AND thank their LAAIOND, Railway : I auctioneers, Pljß d the Public for their continued support NI RAILWAY SHARES and patronage. Fr.en•od2announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c., t... l i e - place every TUESDAY and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place, favours, coma:71111g instructions (with a reference), are respectfully requested t • be addressed, AI Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, at least one day previously to their being offered ; and advices of results will be forwarded by the first post After the sale, au t the proceeds immediately disposed of according to instructions. •n cc, Hall at Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. The Nobility, Sub•rribers, arid the Public, are respectfully in formed that there will be an EXTRA NIGH, I' TO-MORROW EVENING, When will be performed Mozart's chef d'ceuvre, IL DON GIOVANNI. Donna Anna. Madame Grist ; Donna Elvira, 31dI e, Sanchioli ; Zerlina, Madame Castellan; Don Giovanni, Signor Fornasari ; Leo porello, Signor t ablache ; Masetto, Signor F. Lablache ; Il Con.- raendatore, Signor Baal': lion Ottavd). Signor Mario. Between the Acs a Selection from the admired Ballet of ONDINE. Comprising the Fete de la Madonne, by the wh• le corps de ballet; sod the celebrated Pas de L'Ombre, by Mae. Cerito. To conclude with the Ballet Divertissemei.t, by M. Perrot, entitled, LE DELIRE D'UN PEINTRE. Stephan°, M. Perrot ; Al argareta, Madame Copere ; Blanche Mdlie. Lucile Grahn. Les Danses : a New Pas, by Louise Taglioni; La astallana Bolero, by Mdlie. Lucile i.lra:.u. and M. Perrot. A',. , plications for boxes, stalls, and tickets to be made at the box. office, Opera Colonnade. Doors open at Seven, the Opera to com mence at half-past Seven o'clock. 'BEATTIE ItnYAL, DUITRY-LANE. The First Night of the New and Popular Ballet of " Paquita," which has mate so great a sensation in Paris, and in which the most eminent living Danseuse, 31dlle. Carlotta Grisi, will have the honeour of snaking her first appearance on this stage these three years ; supported by the talents of 3ldlle. Sale and M. Mathis, &c. The Music composed by M. Deldevez. The Ballet produced under the direction of 31. Silvain. THIS EVENING will be performed the popular Opera, called MARITANA. Charles the Second, Mr. Borrani ; Don Cmsar de Bazan, Mr. W. Harrison; Don Jose de Santarem, Mr. Stretton; Maritana, Miss Romer; l.azarillo, Miss Poole. After which will be produced the popular Ballet of PAQUITA. Lucien d'Hervilly, M. Silvain ; Gitane, M. Adrien ; Taquita, Mdile. Carlotta Grist. In whlch also will appear Madame Giubllel, Madlles. Sali, Adele, Louise, Les Scaurs St. Louin ; M. Mathis, W. H. Payne, and the most numerous and effective corps de ballet ever introduced upon the English stage. -TTFATIiE ROYAL. HAYM AMU , ' FOR TILE BENEFIT OF MISS JULIA RENIZETT, THIS EVENING will be performed THE SCHOOL FOR •SCANDAL. Fir Peter Teazle, Mr. W. Farren ; Joseph Surface, Mr. Stuar: ; Charles Sur face, Mr. Hudson; Sir Benjamin Backbite, Mr. Buckstone ; Lady Teazle. bliss Julia Bennett ; Mrs. Candour. Mrs. Glover. In the course of the Everting, a Grand Fantasia on the Pianoforte, by Herr Wilhelmkuhe. - • , :)e Band will perform the Overtures, "Cenerentola," and " Due d'Olonne," the " St. James's Polka," " Philomel Walzer," and the " Chatsworth Quadrilles." After which, the Burletta of THE LOAN OF A LOVER. Peter Spyk, Mr. Webster ; Gertrude, Miss Julia Bennett. Te conclude with the Farce of MAKE YOUR WILLS. Prin cipal characters by Messrs. Tilbury, Brindal, Buckstone ; Miss T4lbin, and Mrs. Stanley. TILEA'PRE ROYAL, LYCEUM. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MRS. KEELEY. Three New Pieces for Whitsun Holidays. Another brilliant Triumph " Robin Hood and Richard Coeur de Lion" every Evening. THIS EVENING Will be performed a New and Original Comic Drama, hi Two Acts, founded on a recent well-known event, called THE DUST MAN'S BELLE. Prineipa , characters by Messrs. Keeley, Diddear, Meadows, F. Vining, Kinloch ; Miss Villars, and Mrs. Keeley. After which a new Farce, called SISTER AND I. Characters by Messrs. F Matthews, Meadows, A. Wigan, Emery, Turner, Kinloch, and Bellingham ; Miss E. Daly, Mrs. Wigan, Miss Arden, and Miss Forster. To conclude with a New Grand Operatic Romantic Burlesque Spec tacle, founded upon certain St riling and hitherto Unrevealed Pas s'a2,-es in the Histories of ROBIN HOOD AND RICHARD CCEUR DE LION. Characters by Mrs. Keeley, Miss Fairbrother, Miss M. Keeley, Miss Villars, Miss E. Daly, Miss Howard, Miss Bromley Miss Laidlaw, and Miss Grove ; Mr. A Wigan, Mr. F. Matthews, 31:'. Keeley, Mr. Turner, and Mr. J. W. Collier. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. THIS EVENINI4 Will be performed a new Drama, entitled THE MEMOIRS OF AN UMBRELLA; or, The Silent Observer. In which Messrs. La : berr, Howe, Boyce, 0. Smith, Wright, IL Ryan, P. Bedford, Selby; 3lisa Woolgar, Mrs. Yarnold, Miss E. Chaplin, Mrs. F. Mathews, &c., will perform. file: which, the interesting Drama, entitled THE CABIN BOY. In which Madame Celeste, Miss Wlolgar, Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. 0. Smith, &c., will appear. To be followed by the Burle:que. entitled PETER WILKINS ; or, Ihe Loadsione Rock and the Flying Indians. Principal characters )y Misses Woolgar, Emma Harding, Chaplin, Brooks, Taylor; Mr. tr.i , ord. Mr. Mon ard, Mr Mitchenson, &c. p T h.A I tti• ~ x rt . VET Last Week but One of Mr. MACREADY performing in London, TEAS Ey ENI.IiO will be performed a new Historical Pi-iy, In five Acts, entitled THE KING OF THE COMMONS. James V. of Scotland, Mr. Macready; Sir Adam Weir, Mr. Ryder ; George Weir, 3lr.Cooper. ; MAcolm Young Mr. Murray; Laird Small, Mr. Compton; Mungo Small, Mr. Oxberry ; Lord Kilmaurs, Mr. Roxby ; Madeline Weir, Mrs. Stirling ; Widow Barton, Mrs. t osbroke. To conclude with a New Drama, entitled ERNESTINE. The principal characters supported Messrs. Cooper, Wallack, Leigh thirray ; Mrs. •:irling, Miss E!. 'Stanley, Mist Mar,, &c. J•t• 1 A.lll Proprietor', Mr. W. Batty. Under the especial patronage of her Most Gracious Majesty, and their Royal II ghnesses Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Prixcess Royal. Grant routine of Holiday Entertainments, THIS EVENING Will be performed the New Military Spectacle, reVising our recent Triumphs, called TIIE SIKHS' INVASION ; or, The War in India. New and popular SCENES of the CIRCLE, by the numerous troupe of British and Foreign Artistes ; double stud, &c. Mr. BAT fY has much pleasure in stating, that in obedience to the wishes of several of his patrons and heads or families, he has made arrangements to give, during the ensuing holidays, four mid• day pt-rformances, the first of which will take pace 'I 0-MORROW, June 4, and each succeeding YHURSDAT until the nnmber are complete ; on which occasion the Entertainments will be pt ecisely the same as those so recently performed by royal command, and so highly eulogised by her most gracious Majesty. The representations will each day commence at two o'clock. Mr. Ratty begs to announce, that he has entered into an en gagement with the celebrated GENERAL TOM THUMB, who will appear in the I rrttma of " Hop o' my Thumb." at this Theatre, o I.Monday, June 8, and during the Week. Box-Mice open from eleven till five o'clock.—Doors open at six ecommence at seven o'clock. DAVLDOE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE Great attraction. The celebrated artists, Madame Vestris and Mr. C. Mathews for a limited number of nights. A new Grand Spec tacle, with new scenery, dresses, and real water. THIS EVENING Will be performed a Comic Drama, entitled USED UP. Sir Charles Coldstream, Mr. C. Mathews. Atter which the popular Barletta, called THE LOAN OF A LOVER. Peter Spyk, Mr. Charles Mathews; Gertrude, Madame Vestris. To conclude with THE DARK FALCON OF THE ATTRUCK or, The Prince Diver and the Shah's Goblet. Characters by Messrs Johnson, Rogers, Cowell, Maynard, Lewis, Heslop ; Mesdames H. Vining, Martin, Hughes, Daly, &c. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. Varied and attractive Novelties for the Whitsuntide Holidays. THIS EVENING, Will be performed a New Domestic Drama, called THE FLIT TING DAY ; or, The Trials of an English Farmer. Principal characters by Messrs. baville, Higgie, Fredericks, Tindell, Raymond, .karle, Burton , Howard ; Miss Vincent, Miss E. Terry, &c. After which the Interesting Drama, entitled THE WIFE ; or, The One Witness. The Wife, Miss Vincent. To conclude with a new laughable Burletta, entitled LITTLE AN NOYANCES ; or, The Miseries of Human Life. Supported by Messrs. Howard, Fredericks, Miss Terry, and Miss Treble. Under the Patronage of her Most Gracious Majesty. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. EVERY MONDAY, TUEADAY, WEDNESDAY, AND TB URS DAY. VIEW of NAPLES, ERUPTION of VESUVIUS, DESVRUC TION of HERCULANEUM and POMPEII, in the year 79. This elajuticent spectacle is revived in an unprecedented scale of grandeur, the picture being more than twice the size of the former, and represents, as accurately as can possibly be done, the Great Eruption of Vesuvius in the year 79, when the Destruction of Her motile= and Pompeii took place: produced under the direction I Mr. Danson. A richly ornamented GOTHIC BRIDGE of STATUES has been constructed, wh ch will be brilliantly Illuminated at Night. The PROMENADE CON-LETS are again confided to Mr. God frey. ;he Band is most complete in all its departments, and includes Tatty eminent native and foreign musicians. In addition to the other attractions of the Gardens will be exhi bited CALYPSO'S FAIRY GROTTO, approached by the Illumi nated Gothic Bridge, representing in the Interior Telemachus relating his adventures to Calypso. 'The PYROTECHNIC DISPLAYS, by Mr. Southby, are on the moa. complete and effective scale. ,M,eiog7t.,Y.tarintuneitiliamt.will descendlthe from a Chinese n P I. Preceding the Volcanic Display a novel exhibition will be intro cal. reprea,ntine the Descent of Phretas i the Chariot of the Sun. dons. seventy feet u in receive him, and bear tc, lake, where a Naiad's Car will rise to An illuminated Marine Cave, his an chriatal home. liCtly ornamented with festoons of lamps, Glass Conservatory, splen view the matchless collection of Carnivore enabling b the visitors to reeding of the Carnivore at five ; the Pei? ' gas-Ult. tire ; Concert at six; auJi he Eruption at dusk. Admiss &c., ionAdmission, is. THE WEATHER.—Sus corTh.,; --- iE r r HER MOMETER, Lowest, 53; High es t, 74; Noo ' n, 75, BAROMETER, 30.28. WIND S.; fine sunshiny weather. 111 x 1"• WATER AT LONDON-ISRLOOF THIS DA T. Mormng .. 58 minutes after 7. Eveninr .. 32 minutes after 8. 3 , _,,,, ~,.....t . i t= ) 2b ,,,, 5 , rO* ' .fit ~A. ~ 1,. I'' !----',' 0 ' ' a , 1 3 :4; t i 1 , ,ti4 . zi- 6 .- ` I VT .1 k 4 0 :_ , 't: ' ' o '''' 7., - :' , Z u , ^ ' '' , lr 0, 4 .). bßorr ' ‘454.1-ki c ,—, ' , N , SECOND EDITION. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 3, 1846. ltitning e4inl LONDON, WEDNESDAY. JUNE 3, 1846. We yesterday traced at some length the several proceedings which had taken place with respect to railway legislation up to the period of the bringing forward of the Bill and resolutions which had been adoptectas sessional orders, and we showed that as yet nothing had been done opposed to the great yr/11414e of um-interference with private enterprise, which had been adopted and acted on long before the several schemes now before Parliament had been thought of or projected, and which had been recognised and sanctioned at the be ginning of the session by the Committee ap pointed to inquire into, and report on, the subject, and afterwards by the House, when the report of that Committee was brought forward and received. Should Lord FITZWILLIAM'S prop°, sition now be adopted a new element must be taken into calculation; the final success of the Bill would be dependent, in a great degree, not on its own inherent excellence, not on the wants of the district which the proposed line was intended to traverse, not on the moderation of the estimates in proportion to the quantity of work to be done, or the prospect of a handsome and remunerating dividend for the capital expended, but on the Parliamentary influence which could be secured by the several promoters. It is per fectly manifest that at the very end of the session, when much of the public business remained unfinished, and matters of every kind would be pressed on to a hasty conclusion, there would be neither time nor inclination on the part of the Legisla ture to enter into a cool and dispassi )nate examination of the relative merits of the several lines, so as to enabie them to weed the projects brought before them down to the number which it might be supposed desirable to sanction. Neither would it be fair to impose on the promoters who had sufficiently proved the excellence of their own undertaking the necessity of impeaching that of another railway pass ing through a totally different country, or again entering into the defence of their own, and bring. ing up a new host of witnesses, at a vast ex pense ; in fact, it ;would be quite impossible to do so. All would then depend on the votes of persons wholly unacquainted with the real merits, and much undue influence and canvassing for votes would most undoubtedly take place, and scenes unworthy the dignity of Parliament would be enacted. It has been stated that the measures adopted have had very little effect ; that proceedings have taken place to evade the objects of the Legislature; that scrip has been borrowed or purchased for the purpose of securing the majority of scripholders required by the resolutions. We cannot, however, agree with this statement, or admit its importance, if true. It is manifest that the person who will consent to his scrip being lent for the purpose of votes being thereby given for the further progress of the undertaking must be well satisfied that such should be the case ; that scrip should be represented in some manner ; and it is as little likely that it should bo used for a purpose opposed to the wishes of its owner, as that the proxy of one of their Lordships should go to swell a majority on a question repugnant to the feelings of the noble giver of that proxy. We cannot, therefore, think tint there is any weight in the argument founded on the loan of scrip. As little can be accorded to that of scrip being purchased for the occasion ; if such should be the case, the purchaser must be fully alive to the ad vantoges of the project, and most anxious for its suc cess ; he must step into the shoes of the person from whom he has bought it, and take upon himself all the responsibilities incidental to its ownership, if he should afterwards feel disposed to part with that scrip, after it has answered the purpose contemplated, he must do so when the decision has been arrived at; and if that should be an erroneous one, of course the scrip will be much deteriorated in value, and he will have obtained the privilege of voting at a very heavy expenditure. We do not think that many persons will be found willing to incur such a risk. 'We are not satisfied either that the number of cases which will receive the sanction of the share holders will be so numerous as to create any further disturbance in the money market, or to require an expenditure beyond the ability of the country to en counter. True it is, that in the great majority of cases in which meetings hare hitherto been held, the de cision arrived at was favourable to their continued progress, and that, by very large majorities; but it must be recollected, that these have been the culled ana selected schemes that have stood the test of Parliamentary inquiry, and been in almost every instance reported on favourably, by the several Committees to which they had been referred, in which every expenditure had already been incurred, and which were only waiting for the third readings. Had it been otherwise, it is very probable that the result of the meetings might have been different, and that the persons interested would have come to a dif rerent conclusion. The expenditure in the construc tion of railways is very different in its effects from a similar sum being sent out of the country for any object whatsoever. There is no capital withdrawn from circulation ; on the contrary, much money that would otherwise be hoarded up and lying idle, will be thereby put into activity ; it will get into the hands of the industrious and laborious classes, and create a demand for manu factures, and infuse new activity into the general business of the country. Much public benefit will thereby be effected ; a new capital, represented by the value of the completed railways will be created, which will be as available for the general purposes of the nation, as if so many thousand acres of, land could be reclaimed from the sea, or of waste land brought into cultivation and fertility. .After a short time confidence will, in all human probability, be restored, and the public will see how great has been the folly, the insanity which induced them from a panic to sacrifice their property, and many will be found willing to invest their savings judiciously, not in the wild and reckless manner that unfortunately was the case during the last year when any scheme whatso- ever, no matter how unlikely w to succeed, was eagerly adopted, and its shares sought for with avidity; but prudently and with circumspection, after a full examination into the prospects of success afforded and of the merits of each individual project. Should, however, the case be otherwise than we have conceived, and the amount of capital required for the com pletion of all the sanctioned projects be more than the country could afford, it would be easy for Par liament to add a clause authorising the postpone ment of the project for a certain limited time, or extending the period within which the line must be completed, or its works commenced. By such a course no injustice would be done to any per son whatsoever, and the directors would be very un willing unduly to press on the work, or to depreciate their property by a call, to be enforced during an un favourable state of the money-market. Again, it may be provided that, calls should only be made at extended periods ; and perhaps it might be found advantageous to enact that no new call should be made without the approbation of a general meeting of the share holders, to be called expressly for that purpose, and to decide thereon, which meeting might be held in a " . similar manner and he attended by a like number of the shareholders to those now rendered necessary by the resolutions already referred to. Either of these courses would, as we conceive, have the desired effect of preventing undue pressure, and no complaint could fairly be made against them. We trust that the Legislature will act in this important matter with due deliberation, and, beyond all things, that there will be no violation of what we must consider the implied contract entered into with the several persons, who, on the faith thereof, subscribed their eapital for the execution of public works likely to effect much public benefit. From thefrequentrecurrence of collisions of steam boats after nightfall, and the frightful calamities which incessantly result from those accidents, it be comes necessary to inquire into the most probable cause of this frequency, and to devise some It is not u n - thennocteforth. means for sauticnhgoccwuhrreenntches taking place on the u eff su ec a t l u t a a ll h y ear ob ovf i a sme s. le maller craft is run midnight, i man or a so yt'he withcatastrophe. These circum stances are g enerally iriordinary occ urrence as only to arrest public attention for an high seas at litany down planki n s t an tsaanveeoduisal c m on a s u t e a r n a tly of tr a a u n c s h p r s e ta g n a c r e d s e da are e s instant on th e Perusal of some news p a per paragraph. lf it be re membered, however, that those wretched beings who are thus das hed out of existence, nan c e lessly, and almost uncommisserated, might have been Preserved from such a premature destruction by a few precautionary measures, trivial enough in them selves, but of immeasurable importance as a preven tive of accidental deaths, the affair assumes a new and striking interest. To dilate upon the melancholy uasociatious attached to the fate of the Oaken! would, upon this catastrophe prove how absolutely requisite a reform is for the arrangement of this most important ' question in seamanship. Had the Sea Nymph (the steamer sunk by the collision) been constructed like the more fortunate boat, the Rambler, namely, with water-tight compartments, the unhappy voyagers from Ireland, who were upon that occasion destroyed, might have been enjoying life at this moment. Under all considerations, we cannot but repeat it, the matter calls for a most decided reformation. Whether more intensely radiating lights, or the employ ment of percussion signals in hazy weather, or an increase of vigilance or a decrease of speed be necessary, remains to be thoroughly elucidated. Two things, however, are abs)lutely certain—first, that water-tight compartments should be more generally adopted in naval architecture; and, secordly, that a system is requisite. The treaty of commerce lately concluded between Russia and Turkey is published is the Augsburgh Gazette, of which the following is an outline : " It is to come into force on July 1, and to last to 1856. The contracting parties are to declare six months in advance if they intend to continue the treaty 01 modify it. The articles are 20 in number. The sup- plementary duties of 9 per cent, fur exports, and 2 pe, cent. on imports to be added to the 3 per cent. already long established, are admitted as a principle in th , re,,ty. Art. 6 declares that the Russians cannot trade in Turkey in articles manufactut ed th, re, nor can the 3 esta,,liih manufactories. Art. 9 reserves to the Otto man Porte the right to interdict, in case of nece ss ity . the exportation of any Turkish produce for a determined time; Turkey, however, undertakes to inform the Ras sian ambassador of such articles, and if any exception is to be made, it is to be in favour of the Russians. Art. 10 excepts from liberty of commerce gunpowder, bails, &c When Russian vessels import cannon, they must deposit them at the custom-house, in order to be sold under the superintendence of the customs' officers, and more guns cannot be disposed of than will be sufficient for one ves sel. Art. 11 enumerates the monopolies reserved by the Turkish Treasury (particularly leeches). Foreign salt and snuff can only be sold wholesale. Art 16 speaks of the principalities of Danube and Servia. Such produce as is introdnced by Russia into these countries is to pa) 3 per cent. entrance duty, and 2 per cent. additional to the customs. The transit of Russian articles is fixed at 3 per cent. Madrid journals to the 27th ult., have been re ceived. A rumour was in :very general circulation that some modification was about to take place in the Ministry, in consequence of which M. PACHECO and certain other members of the Conservative Opposition, would take office under M. ISTURITZ, who would still remain President of the Council. Accounts had been received from Portugal, to the effect that ALMEDIA had pronounced in favour of the insurrection. Gene ral CALLENGE had concentrated all the forces in the province of Ciudad Roderigo on the frontier, and on the 23d he was at Alda del Obispo. The Three per Cents. were not quoted on the Madrid Bourse, and but few private sales took place at 334 13-16. The Five per Cents. were done at 20i 21 for cash ; the shares of the Bank of San Fer nando, at 380, and those of Isabel, at 196.: We have received the Paris papers of Monday. In consequence of the observation of the holiday of Whit-Sunday at most of the printing-offices, only three papers were published on Monday morning viz., the Courrier Francais, the National, and the Presse. The Courrier Francais, which has always been an advocate for free trade, thus comments on the passing of the second reading of the Corn Bill by the House of Lords : " The cause of the freedom of trade is gained in Eng land ; even the House of Lords, that interested guardlan of the old system, has been obliged to go by the current of public opinion. If the other nations follow the path traced by Great Britain—if they enter boldly into the prosperous road of liberty —it may be said then that, in a very few years, the whole face of the world will be changed. No more wars arising out of the imposition of customs duties —no more conflicts from factitious interests —no more outcries from manufacturers—no more dis orders in the arena of production. Such are the great promises of commercial liberty, and these are not vain promises. They are promises guaranteed by know ledge, mid will soon, no doubt, receive a striking con firmation by the conviction of a great nation. But it is important that the people of the continent should hasten to burst the chains by which industry has been fettered under the feudal system. Commercial liberty is a pro gression which cannot be too quickly adopted, and iollowed up to realisation." The Courrier then proceeds to enumerate the diffi culties with which the partisans of free trade will have to contend in France, where the protectionists are so powerful, and where the Government, even if it has the will, is so little able to carry any great measure in favour of liberal principles as regards commerce. The article of the Courrier concludes as follows : " The friends of commercial freedom have a rude task before there. They have to undergo the arbitary pres sure of legal power, and to struggle against the immense majority in Parliament But if they have to contend again s t the interests and pr, judices of the representatives of the country, have they not for their natural auxiliaries the reason and interest of the immense majority of the people? Let them therefore enter undauntedly into the arena, let them organise themselves with or without 1"41291.it Y the Goverh meu t and the chamber throw 1 undoubtedly, be contemned as the mere babbling of a mock philanthropy ; but to reduce the question to one of sheer duty imposed upon the community, and to say that many of our countrymen encounter death when a timely interference might have warded off the danger, places the subject of our comments upon an appreciable footing. Again, what transpired yesterday may transpire to-morrow—what has already occurred, to such an one may happen some time or other to ourselves. That consideration brings the matter home to each of us, and while un doubtedly it may impart an ostensible air of selfish ness to our benevolence in regard to such calamities, it will nevertheless animate that benevolence with a more practical earnestness than a thousand other more re fined and less egotistical reflections. The most invariable and glaring characteristics of a catastrophe of this description are those which transpire upon judicial investigations into the occurrence : from these it always appears that no one concerned in the transac tion was in the slightest degree to blame—the blue lights were duly ignited, the look-out was lite rally " wide awake," the captain —(a confession always volunteered upon evidence)—the captain was (marvellous improbability to be guaranteel upon oath !) sober. Nay, the more enthusiastic witnesses are repeatedly enlarging upon the testimony of each other : one sailor avers that the skipper was " clear as a whistle in the foretop ;" another ingeniously hints at hi s h a bit ua l so b r i ety ; a third, prefacing his assurance with a "'v as t h eav i ng, messm ate," solemnly avouches that he never saw the captain drunk throughout his existence. And all this spontaneous evilmee as to the abstemiousness of the commander of the delinquent vessel, possibly, through a trepida tion that his employers might say as OTHELLO did under similar circumstances-- "-- Cassio, I love thee well, But never more be officer of mine." Now we are not impeachin g any individual, or in veighing idly against any particular class ; neither do we mean to insinuate anything like the suborning of interested witnesses. We are simply narrating facts, and commenting upon casualties with the view of arriving at some definite conclusion as to the readiest way of preventing the repetition of those facts and the possibility of those same casualties. Indeed, we will take the accuracy of such evidence for granted, and coincide thus far in favour of those implicated. We will admit, for instance, that the blue lights were tended with all proper care and ceremony, that the look-out was vigilant as Argils, and the captain, as the saying goes, as sober as a judge; and having admitted all this, we will then in vestigate as to the possibility of such an accident oc curring after so many elaborate precautions. Ob serve, we are alluding to those countless collisions where there are survivors from both the vessels, all the survivors telling the same story as above mentioned. In hazy and foggy weather, or upon what are called " dark nights," the accident is laid on all hands upon the condition of the atmo sphere; but, seriously, such excuses are altogether inadmissible. Supposing the fog to be so dense as to choke the radiation from the blue lights, what can be more obvious than the necessity of so diminishing the speed of the vessels as to give both an opportu nity for steering clear of each other as soon as the warning is recognisable ? But these accidents are continually occurring, under the aggravating circum. stances of a great facility for prevention. The recent collision on the Mersey is a case in point, and a ease in which blame appears to be scarcely attachable to any individual, but to be solely attachable, on the contrary, to the system. The circumstances attendan ITH obstacles in their way, so much the worse for the Go vernment and the Chamber." On the subject of the differences which have arisen between the English and French Cabinets, relative to the affairs of Greece, the Courrier Francais has the following : " Notwithstanding the frequent interchange of notes, which have for a long time been passing between them, the Cabinets of France and England are further than ever from coming to an understanding upon the affairs of Greece. It appears that Lord Aberdeen, in a long conference with the Count de St. Aulaire, has insisted on the recal of M. Piscatory, whose position at Athens eclipses England. It was in consequence of this con ference that our Ambassador sent to Paris the Count de Jarnac, who has his full confidence, as well as that of M. Guiz,,t." The National, in a long article on the affairs of Mexico and the United States, expresses an opinion that the cause of Mexico is hopeless, in allusion to the opinion expressed of some parties in America, that England had incited Mexico to war. It says : " Until we are better informed, we cannot help think ing that nothing is less probable: for, according to our ideas, England can gain nothing by affording the Americans, on one hand, a plausible pretext for seiz ing the Californias ; and, on the other hind, compelling them, so to speak, to fortify themselves against the perfidious surprises so familiar to our neighbours." According to La Presse, orders had been for warded by the Government to the different seaports, to send several ships of war to reinforce the French squadron cruizing in the Gulf of Mexico. The Echo d 'Oran of the 24th ult. confirms the report of the massacre of the French prisoners by ABD-EL.KADER. The Oran correspondent of a Tou lon journal, under date of Oran, May 21, writes as follows : " The number of French prisoners who escaped the massacre of the Beira is unfortunately very small, but Amongst them are said to be the Lieut.-Colonel of the 2d liu-sars, and some other officers. General Cavaignae, commanding the subdivision of Tlemcen, who had just received a large convo'.• and a reinforcement of three battalions, proceeded immediately to the extreme from. tier in the hope either of meeting with some of the pri soners who had escaped, or to prevent any new out brEak. As yet, however, we have received no news of the movements of the General." The latest news from Oran is of the 25th, and is published in the Semaphore de Marseilles of the 29th. .BBD-EL-FADER was on the 25th stated to be within a short distance from Stitten, in the Djebel risen, awaiting the remnants of his deira, which was pro ceeding in that direction under the orders of BEN rAMI. It was reported that the EMIR had been joined there by Bou MAZA and HADJ-SEGIIIR, who had fled from the Ouarensenis, after their unsuccess. ful attempt to organise an insurrection in those mountains. A strong column, commanded by Co lonel RENAULT, had proceeded from Frenda to wards Stitten, to operate against ABD-EL-KADER and drive him into the Desert. No direct news had arrived from General CAVAIGNAC, who had marched From Lalla Maghrnia on the 15th. Some Arabs stated, at Tlemcen, that the General, after cutting off several fractions of emigrant tribes and a number of Moors, who had joined in an attack against Lalla Magbrnia, on the 24th of March last, had crossed the plain of Missouin and chased the Djaffras, Ouled-el- Nahrs, and other refractory tribes, encamped at the eastern point of Chott Gharbi. The Governor of Ham, M. DEMARLE, was sail kept under close arrest, and treated with Brea rigour. There was a rumour in Paris of an approaching modification in the French Ministry. It is said that the health of the Minister of Finance is so precarious as to render his retirement from office necessary, and that the Minister of Justice and the Minister of llarine are also anxious to resign. The Chamber of Peers is convoked for Tuesday, to hear the indictment of LECOMTE read. The apprehension caused by the war of the 'United States with Mexico weighed on the Paris money-market on Monday. The Three per Cents. cloied at 84f. 20c. ; the Five per Cents., at 120 f. ; the Orleans Railroad shares, 1,2351.; Rouen, I,olof. ; Havre, 745 E ; Great Northern, 733 f. 75c.; Avignon, 867 f. 50c. ; Vierzon, 622 E 30c. • Bordeaux, 600 f. ; Dieppe, 415 f. ; P ar i s an d Strasburgh, 5021.' 50c. • Tours and Nantes, 511 f. 25c.; Paris an d L yons, 537 f. 50C.; Spanish Three per Cents., 38 1 / 2 . Lyons and Avignon, definitives, 516 f. 25c.; Bordeaux and Cette, definitives, 508 f. 50c. INlAstsiaLLEs, Max 28 . -Marseilles and Avignon, 900 f.; Northern, 7501.; Paris and Lyons, 5401. LYONS, MAY 30.-Marseilles and Avignon, 8751.; Paris and Orleans, 1,228 f. 75c. ; Rouen, 1,005 f. 25e.; Lyons, 536 f. 25c. ; Vierzon, 622 f. 50c. ; Northern, 735 f. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JUNE 2. Boulogne and Amiens, fill-Central of Spain, Ili-Dutch Rhenish, 7 7 i-Northern of France Constituted, 13 78 - Orleans and Vierzon,l4i-Orleans and Bordeaux, 10% -Paris and Lyons Con itituted, 6%. PRIVY COUNCIL.-(THIS DAY.) The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat to day in the Council Chamber, Whitehall. The Lords in attendance were the Lord President (the Duke of Buc eleuch), Mr. Baron Parke, the Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce, and Sir Herbert Jenner Fust. THE IRON DUKE. The further arguments in this collision case, which came before rheir Lordships upon appeal from the Court ,f Admiralty, Occupied their Lordships the whole morn ing. We have already given a detailed account of the facts of the case. CHANCERY.-(THIS DAY.) The Lord Chancellor sat in his Court at Westminster :o-day, and heard appeals. WHIT WORTH V. GANGAIN. His Lordship was occupied the whole morning with the arguments in this appeal from the decision of the Vice-Chancellor Wigram. The only question in this ease was whether a subsequent mortgage was entitled to preference over a writ of illegit. The Vice-Chancellor decided that it was, and from that decision the present appeal was brought. ROLLS' COURT.-(THIS DAY MARTIN V. SEDGWICK. The arguments in this case were resumed. Mr. TURNER, on the part of the appellant, replied at vreat length to the arguments on the opposite side, and contended that the question at issue was one that came clearly under the law respecting real property, though it had reference to shares. Lord _LANGDALE, in giving judgment, reviewed the whole facts of the case. He said, this was one of those unfortunate cases, where the Court was called on to de cide to the detriment of an innocent party. It appeared that, in 1832, a Mr. Dunlop caused to be transterred in the name of a Mr. Sedgwick, 200 shares in the Rock Assurance Company, he holding these shares in trust for him and his heirs. The first question that arose was, whether by the constitution of these acts a shareholder was a partner, and whether the notice served was to be considered as a sufficient notice to the Company. He was clearly of opinion that such was not the case. It did not appear, moreover, that there existed any cir cumstance to prevent Mr. Dunlop giving that notice which would have subsequently prevented any in terference with the rights of the party justly en titled to these shares. These shares standing in his name, he was certainly at liberty to dis pose of them in any way consistent with the rules of the Committee. During the whole period, the interest of these shares had been paid to Mr. Dunlop. [t appears, from the answer, that he applied to a Mrs. Sutherland for a sum of money, in security for which he gave these shares as a pledge, and he executed an assignment to that effect. Mrs. Sutherland subsequently advanced a further sum of money, making altogether a sum total of over 2,0001. The shares not being adequate to meet so large a demand, Mr. Sedgwick gave other shares as a secu rity, and made arrangements by which these shares should be so disposed as to liquidate in part his debt to Mrs. Sutherland, and the debt was reduced to 1,500/ Under all the circumstances it was evident that the plaintiff had a clear right to have a full account of what sums remained, respecting the claims of Mrs. Sutherland. A question might certainly arise between the co-trustees, but here th e : case was perfectly clear, a n d Mrs. Sutherland was clearly en titled to have those shares turned into money for her benefit. This did not apply to the interest that had accrued on the shares, and though no blame could be attached to Mr. Sedgwick, yet on this point the law was against him. VICE-CHANCERY.-(THIS DAY.) (Before the VICE-CHANCELLOR Of ENGLAND.) GOODMAN V. DE BEAUVOIR. This case came before the Court upon an applica tion to dissolve an injunction that had been granted re ' straining the Warwick and Worcester Company from paying the sum of 21,000/. The plaintiffs are repre sented to be all the shareholders of the Company, with the exception of the detendauts, who are the directors of the Company ; and the grounds on which the appli cation to dissolve the injunction is founded are,:that the facts upon which the injunction was granted w ete not fully stated to th e C ourt , an d t h at i n severa l re speets they were perverted. The case appears likely to occupy more than this day. MISS JULIA. BENNETT'S BENEFIT.—That delightful and fascinating actress, Miss Julia Bennett, takes her benefit this evening at the Haymarket, on which occasion the fair beneficiare appears for the first time as Lady Teazle, in the School for Scandal. We expect that Miss Julia Bennett will make a great hit. Her youth, her beauty, her archness, and her lady-like manners, all combine to point her out as an admirable representative of the part. She afterwards appears as Gertrude, in the Loan of a Lover, with Webst ano as Peter Spyk. In addition to these attractions, e Wilhelmkue is to perform a fa n t as i a on the grand pi errr Her forte. There can be no doubt but that the house will be a bumper. GENERAL THEATRICAL FUND.—We re gratified to learn that his Grace th e D u k e of Devonshire liberally subscribed ten guineas annually to thi s most excellent insti tution. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, QUARTER TO THREE. The sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were 4,000 bales, of which 1,000 were on speculation. Besides this, 2,000 bales had been taken on the previous evening on spe culation, after the usual hours of business. Shares were very quiet, but firm. Messrs. Laeaond and Co's sale of Railway shares went off rather dully but at about previous rates. Wexford, Water ford, and Valentia, Ss.-Leicester and Bedford, 1/. 6s. 6d.- London and Manchester, Remington's, 14s. 6d.-Goole and Doncaster, 1/. 10s.-Essex and Suffolk, 12s. 6d.-South Midland, 1/. 10s.-Warwick and Worcester, 10s.-Exeter, Yeovil, and Dorset, 1/. IN.-Brecon and Merthyr Tydvil, &1.-Welsh Midland, 1/. 2s. 61-Waveney Valley, .d.- Great Eastern an d W es t ern , 195.-Buckingham 21. 2s. -East Indian, 15s. 6d.-Jamaica South Midland, 17s. 6d.- Calcutta and St. George's Point, 55.-Last Dereham and Nomich, Bs. 6d.-Vale of Neath, 1/. 1 0s.-Direct London and Exeter, 4s. 6d. Share peculat ion is worthy of all censure, no doubt, where it degenerates into mere gambling, and impedes the progress of the lines really wanted, by forcing a host of valueless schemes into even temporary favour. In a publication which is in the eighth edition, entitled a " Short and Sure Guide to Permanent Investments in Railways," it is contended, partly with a show of reason, though not fully to our satisfaction, inasmuch as we would discourage mere scheming, that the fresh accumulation of capital somewhere made " comes into the hands of the railway company in lieu of the stock which they previously held. Then commence their payments to ironmasters, contractors, engineers, mechanics, and la bourers, which-by seine perversion of terms, or of mind - has been described as a locking up of capital till the line is completed and making returns.' On the contrary, is it not essentially a circulation of capital-a circulation giving life and vigour and activity to industry and trade-and ultimately creating the means of making fresh accumulations, to be again concentrated and again dispersed in the employment of the skill and labour of future generations. So little of the capital of the country, comparatively, is yet appro priated to railways; so few persons regard them as ordinary and legitimate modes of investment ; that when the means at the disposal of these few are absorbed, there is usually a pause, which is followed by a pressure upon the money market; and when (as last year) such transactions are entered into by per sons who have no means whatever, instead of a pause there is a crash. But the same thing occurs occasionally in every other department of enterprise ; and there is nothing con nected with it which can be considered peculiar to railways except the disproportion, already noticed, between the small number of investors and the increasing amount of stock." Ihe mercantile news by the Overland Mail is rather more satisfactory, but still not indicative of an active demand for British fabrics, while the value of Indian produce, rice and indigo for instance, was advancing. The Public Securities have been very firm and there has been a moderate business done. Consols are 96% , for Money, and 97 1 / 8 to 1 / 4 for Account. Exchequer -bills have been marked 16s. to 20s. premium, being rather firmer. Bank Stock is quiet at 205 1 , 4 ,. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. have been 97% 34 , and the Three per Cents., 95 1 3 / 4 . The Foreign Securities have been dull, Portuguese Four per Cents. are 54 ; Mexican have been 29) to 30 1 4 ; Dutch Two-and-a -Half per Cents. are 60 1 / 8 . In Shares there is not much tieing, but they are firm ge nerally. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK (From the Official List.) Bank Stock • • • • • • •. 2054 Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities • • 955{ ,4 Three per Cent. Consols Annuities .. • . 963 % New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cent. Anns. 97%4% Long Annuities, Expire Jan. 5, 16E0 .• 10 1 A % India Stock .. .. • • • • • . • • 266 India Bonds, 1,0001. • . .. • • • • • • 27 Consols for Opening .. .. • • • • • • 97 g Exchequer Bills. I%d. 14d. 1,000/. .• • • 16 20 Ditto, Advertised .. • . 16 12 PRICES OF ?FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK. Mexican Bonds, 1837, 5 per Cent •• 29% Ditto, for the Account • • • • 30 1 4 Ditto, Deferred • • • • 16 Portuguese Four per Cent 52% 54 Dividends on the above payable in London. French Rentes, 5 per Cent. .. 120 f. 50c. Exchange • • • • • • • • • . 25f. 75c. Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 6038 Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certificates .. 92% 1 A 91% BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK RAILWAYS. PAID. PER SHARE. Birmingham and Oxford. Junction .•2..••2% % .. to l:uctingliamshire .. • • • • • • 425. .. • • par.... to % p Caledonian • • ..••••• • • 10 .- 11 3 4 .. ••to Ditto Half Shares .. ••• • 2% ... • 1 3 4 .. •• to Chui net and Blythe .. • • • • • . 2 •• • . 1 , 4 3 .... to Cheltenham an.l Oxford .••••• 2 . • • 1% to Derby and Crewe .. ••••2%•• 6% • • • to Direct "Northern .• ••••••2%.• 1% % .. to -- Eastern Counties .. . • • • 14/. 16s. 0d... •• 23 .. to 1 Ditto, York Extension .. • • • • 108. .• • • 1% .• • • to oole, Doncaster, and Sheffield, Ste.. • 425. •••• dis. to Great Southern and Western (Ireland) 20 .. • • 23 .. • • to Leicester and Bedl;ird ••• • • • 225. %pto Londoii and Birmingham •• .. 100.• 228 229 227 to 229 Ditto. Quarter • Shares • • • • • • 2 2 9 14 .••• to Ditto, Fifths • • • • • 2 .. •• 26 .• London and Croydon .. .. 1 31. 15s. 9d. ...• 221( •.to •• to London and Greenwich . • 1 21. 15s. 4d. •• • • 9 1 4 .. ••to London and York .. ••• • 2% .•• to . Lynn and Ely .. .. • • • • ••15.. • • 13 Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock .. 425. .. ••1 .. ••to p.... to Manch..ster and Southampton •.2.•••14 % • • to MidLuid •• •••••• •• ••100 .. .148% ... to Dia°, New .. •••• • • IS .... 31% .... to 32 Newcastle and Darlington J unc ti on ••25.•• • • • to Ditto, New, Briuidling • • • • •• 25 .. •. 44 ••• to North British .. .• • • • • • • 224 .• .. to Ditto, Half Shares • • .. • • • • 8% .. • • 11% .. to North Staffordshire •• • • • • • • 425. p.. to 4 p Ficottish Central ••• 10 16% .• ••to 16 S‘.utli Midland ••••• • • • • 425. .. • . dis to South Eastern and D over • . 33% .. 39% .... to Ditto. New, No. 1 • • • • •16 20 .. ••to Ditto, New, No. 2 .. .. • • • • 10 .. • 14U to Ditto, New, No. 3 .. .. • • • 15 • • 18 1 % •••• to Ditto, New, No. 4 .. • • • • 2 38 ••• • 2 % .. to— Vale of Neath .. • • • • • • 2 .. • • IN .. • • to West Riding Union .. .. • • • • 425..... 2% p.. to York and North Midland • • • . • • 59 ..._. •• .. to Ditto East and West Riding Extension 1 .... 113 • • • to FOREIGN RAILWAYS. Cer tral of Spain .. • • .• • • • • 2 .. • • 2 .. • • to Dutch Rhenish .. • • • • • • 6 . • 74,. . • • to— Louvain and Jemeppe •••..4..••1% .• .. to Luxembourg .. .•.. •• •• 4••••1% • • to Namur sad Liege •• • • • • • 6••• • 3% .. to Northern of France Constituted .. 5 .... 13% to Orleans and Bordeaux .• 6.. • • 10% ...• to 9 3 ,4 'aris and Lyons Constituted .. 5 •• 6% ••to JOINT-STOCK BANKS. .• •• •• •• 10 10%%.• to -- Real del Monte, Unregistered MINES .. •• 33( .. ••to COURSE OF EXCHANGE.—(YESTERDAY.) gr Amsterdam ...... C.F. 12 10 Gib ra l tar.. • • Ditto, at sight • • .... 12 7 L eg h orn .. •••30 70 Rotterdam .... ••2 U. 12 104 G enoa •• • • • •• • • 26 10 Antwerp— .... 26 15 Milan ....... Hamburgh •.. • M .B. 13 15 Venice ........... ....... . Altona. ..... .......... Naples •••• • . • • 39% Paris, 3 days' sight .... 25 85 Palermo, per oz ........ 119 Ditto, 3 months.... •26 10 Lisbon.. ....... 52% Marseilles .. Bourdeaux.... ...... • • 26 15 Rio Janeiro • ..... • • 23% Frankfort on Maine.. . • 123 Bah'a .. • . Petersburgh, 3 U 5.... I ;uezios Ayres .......- Berlin • •• •.• •• • • New York, 21 days' sight Vietuna, effec. ll° .• • • 10 11 Philadelphia .......... Trieste, ditt0...... •••• 10 12 PRICES OF BULLION, PER OZ. Madrid •••••• • .. 36 Foreign Gold ia bars X 3 17 9 Cadiz .• •.. : .. lidbao . ..... Barcelona .........• ew Dollars •• •••• • 0 4 9 Seville.... % ••• .„ Silver in bars .... •• 0 411 Union of London LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, JUNE 3.—Wind at noon East, light airs, and fine clear weather. Swim JUNE 2.—Sld. Severn (s.), West Indies. DEAL. JUNE 2.—Wind E. to E.N.E.—SId. Sir Edward Ryan, Neal, Cape of Coed Hope. LIVERPOOL, JUNE 2.—Wind S.E. light.—Acrd. Helen, Risk, Savannah ; Columbia, Rath bone, New York. Sld. Ist, Berlin, Baker, Boston ; 2d, Dumfries, Green, Hong-Kong ; ilorsburg, Smith, Valparaiso; Panope, Chollus, Rio Janeiro Philomela, Bell, Berbi ce ; Cli fford, Raymer, Jamaica • Samiote, Downing, L 9 Gnayra ; Henry Curwen, Vickers' ditto; Cincinta, Codman, Baltimore; Thomas P. Cope, Murcken, Philadelphia; Millicote, Hunter, New York ; Eli zabeth Denison, Shearer, ditto; New York, Cropper, ditto; Ashburton, White, Boston; John Bolton, Jameson, Quebec; Virginia, Brown, ditto; Wizard, Carmichael, Labrador. DUBLIN, JUNE 1 .-IVir.d S.E.— ld. May 31, Pomona, Benney, Quebec; Richard Watson, M'Culloch, ditt o; _ H ug h, Fletcher, P ugwas h . CORK, MAY 3l.—Wind E.S.E., light breeze.—Arrd. H.M.S. Gladiator, on a cruize. Sid. Aboukir, Scott, Calcutta. HULL, JUNE 2.—Wind E.S.E. moderate.—Arrd. Ist, Baltic, Allmar, New York; British King, Haython, Charleston. PENZANCE, JUNE 2.—The Sampson, Sully, from Neath to Exeter, struck the Vipick Rock, near Cape Cornwall, yester day, and soon after sunk ; crew saved. LIMERICK, JUNE I.—The Thomas, Washington, Ross, from , Trinid a d, i s on s h ore on W he l ps R ock, but is expected oft next tide without damage. NEWPORT, MAY .— 3 O 3O A mast and two sails, marked " Thos. M o rgan, Cardiff'," supposed bel ong i ng to a pilot boat, have been picked up on the Nash Sands by the Eleanor and Mary, of New Quay. SHEERNESS, JUNE I.—The Integrity, of and for Sunder land from Rochester, hooked in moorings this morning, but is expected off next tide. ARKET NEWS.-(THIS DAY. CORN-EXCHANGE -WEDNESDAY Since Monday, the receipts of English Wheat up to our market have been on a very moderate scale, though of fair average quality. The stands were scantily filled with samples, yet the demand was in a very inactive state, at about Monday's quotations. There was very little foreign Wheat free of duty on offer, yet the transactions in that article were limited, at previous currencies. A few parcels of Wheat under bond were taken, on certificates at lOs 6d per quarter. The best kinds of Barley were held at full prices. In other qualities next to nothing was doing. Malt moved off slowly, yet we can notice no change in value. Oats, Beans, Peas, and Flour extremely dull at late rates. ARRIVALS. Wheat. Barley. Oats I Flour. English ••• • . • 850 qrs. 650 qrs. 1,050 qrs. I 1ri5h........ - 600 Foreign ••.• • • -- I 1,370 sky Malt, 2.140 ors. WHITECHAPEL. We had only a moderate supply of each kind of meat on sale, yet the demand ruled heavy, and prices were with diffi culty supported. Beef, from 2s 4d to 3s 6d; Mutton, Bs to 4s 2d ; Lamb, .5s to 6s 2d ; Veal, 3s 8d to 4a 8d ; and Pork, as 8d to 4s 10d per 81bs, by the carcase. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—The ordinary m ee ti ng Although the show of specimens was J. R. Ram .hard, Esq. were many of a very singular character, was held yesterday afternoon, when the chair was . taken by was a plant of phalienopsis, from Java, gardens, and pronounced to be the at grown limited, Society's . r yet cultivated in Europe. Amongst the miscel finest ever were some hybridized cacti from the gardens there twhheic h 1 amongst n eous p , of Sir P. U. E t n •t 0 lt n Park, in Cheshire; seversd rer o , a LI 0 sorts of calceolarias from -dr. Colley, of Strattbrd, and gera niums from Mr. Chandler, of Vauxhall. Mr. Keeling, of Monument-yard, exhibited some samples of potatoes from Norway, a sort which, from the analogy of climate, was more like those of the English markets than any other introduced from foreign sources, and which were also interesting as another instance of the readiness of cultivators abroad to provide for the exigencies of the English consumption. The prizes awarded were silver Banksian medals to Mr. Widnall, of Cambridge, and the gardener to the Earl of Carnarvon, for specimen plants; and certificates of merit to Mr. Veitch, of Exeter, and Mr. Fi s h , gardener to Colonel Sowerby, for peaches. DESCENT OF THE BALLOON.—On Monday night, the " Albion" balloon, in which Mr. C. Green, the aeronaut, ascended with a friend at Cremorne Garden, crossed over the Thames on this side of Putney-bridge, when, after re turning, it proceeded toward Uxbridge, and about eight o'clock, having been an hour in .the air, safely descended in a meadow on the estate of Way, Esq., of,Penhant Park, POP. THE LATE SWINDLING AFFAIR AT WINDSOR. WINDSOR, TUESDAY. —Amongst other partizs 7110 have been swindled out of their property in this neigh bourhood by the soi-disant Mr. Wyndham, by means of cheques drawn upon Neville Reid and Co., is 31r. Merrick, watchmaker and jeweller, of this town. 4 0 called at the shop of Mr. Merrick just before dusk on Friday evening, and purchased a gold watch-chain. for hich he paid 4/. 55., by a cheque on the Windsor Bank. He stated, as in the case of Mr. Hanson, that be in tended it as a present for a young friend, a pupil at Eton College. Since this affair has occurred the banking establish ment of Messrs. Williams, Deacon, and Co., Birchin lane, of which the Windsor Bank is a branch, h as for warded strict injunctions to the clerks at Windsor net to give a blank cheque-book to any parties for the future, unless they have actually cash to their credit, or unless they are introduced to the firm by really respect-. shld and respons ib le correspondents. The adoption of such a precaution will be the means of preventing a re' petition of similar swindling proceedings. It is expected that a clue has been obtained which may be the means of bringing the delinquent to justice' but at present, however, it is deemed prudent nut t° give publicity to the expected retreat of this hitherto successful swindler. He was advertised in the Police Gazetfe of yesterday as a person of about 40 years of ago. As this is an error, and may tend to mislead the police, both in London and the provinces, it may he, stated to b e th e op i n i on of Mr. Dotesio, of the Royal Hotel, Slough, Mr. Hanson, of Windsor, and other parties whom he has plundered, that he is not more thou 30 or 32 years of age. There appears to be very little doubt that he is con nected with a gang who are carrying on depredations of a similar character in other parts of the country. This morning Mr. Dotesio received two letters, unpaid, by post, bearing the Manchester post mark of June 1. IC the inside of one envelope was written " Your old it., P. H. Wyndham ;" and, in the other, " Your old st. , Snooks ;" both wr itt en b y the same party, but not in the handwriting of the " Mr. Wyndham' - who signed the cheques upon the Windsor Bank. One envelope contained an old blank form of application for shares la the North Cheshire Railway Company, and the other a bundle of patterns of chintz bed furniture. It is ex- , pected that some of the gang with whom he is connected posted these letters at Manchester yesterday, for the purpose of inducing those in pursuit of him to imagine he has proceeded to that town, and of thus causing a. " diversion" in his favour. It is stated that he lately paid Cheltenham a visit, where he was equally successful in his operations. ThE ARM Y. Eighty-three geatlemen have been gazetted as cornets and ensigns in the army during the preceding month , thirty-four of whom have purchased their commissions, varying from 1,2601. to 450/. each, and amounting in the aggregate to no less a sum than 21,940/. The following non-commissioned officers have been promoted during the month, and have received the usual bounty of 100/. to assist them in their outfits : Quarter-master Sergeant J. Dunlop, to be ensign in the 76th Foot. S:4•geant-major G. T. Whitaker, to be ensign in the 10th Foot. Sergeant J. M`Cabe, to be ensign in the 18th Foot- Sergeant-major J. Lears, to be ensign in the 34th Foot- Sergeant-major J. Fenn, to be quarter-master in the 10th Dragoons. Sergeant-major P. M`Donald, to be quarter-master in the Rifle Brigade. Seven majors have been promoted to the rank of lieutenant-c•donel, one by purchase, three without pur chase, and two by brevet. • Fifteen captains have been promoted to the rank of major, two without purchase, eight by brevet, and five by purchase. Amount which has thereby changed hands, 7,000/. Twenty-nine lieutenants have been promoted to the rank of captain, nine without purchase, and twenty by purchase. Amount which has thereby changed handsg 28,3151.; the regulated difference for the commissions varying from 2,750/. to 1,1001. each. Fifty-two cornets and ens i gns h ave b een promote d to the rank of lieutenant, twenty two without purchase, and thirty by purchase. Amount which has thereby uhangtd hands, 9,8751.; the regulated difference for the commhsions varying from 850/. to 2001. PRIVATE ERINGUNDER THE MEXICAN FLAG. The rates of insurance from Liverpool to New Yorki and New O r l eans were yesterday (Monday) 255. a n d 355. per cent. o n B r i t i s h vessels, and 60s. and 10 5 5 . et; American. Thi s diff erence ar i ses from apprehens ion . (real or pret en d e d) t h at the war between the United States aed Mexi co w ill h ave t h e effect of i n d uc i n g the Mexican Go vernment to i ssue letters of marque ag ainst American com merce . W e are very muc h i nc li ne d to agree with the author of the accompanying communicate don that these fears are unfounded, and to believe that even if the Government of Mexico was disposed to issue them, it would find no one disposed to take them. Our correspondent says much apprehension has been excited amongst our merchants that commerce with New Orleans and the ports in the Gulf of Mexico would be interfered with by letters of marque issued by the Mexican Government ; but it appears that such apprehensions are groundless, as the Mexicans have only two accessible ports in the Gulf—Vera Cruz and Tampico—both of which would be blockaded by United States ships of war, and from which any capture would be cut off. Moreover, the United States have treaties with the following countrieSs by which the subjects and citizens of each are prohi bited, in case of war, from assisting or co-operating is hostilities with the enemy, or accepting commissions or letters of marque, viz.: —France, England, Spain, th e Brazils, Netherlands, Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Bo" livia, Chili, Denmark, Prussia, and Sweden; and the maritime power of Mexico herself is too insignificant to create any alarm. It i s t rue t h at t h e N ew Yo rk h surance offices are ch arg i ng 4i per cent. to por ts In the Gulf of Me x i co , b ut , w i t h t h e enormous amoun t to risk there, if ther e were any real danger, this amount would be utterly inadequate. The fact is that the underwriters , hike all other people, wish to make money, and make the must of the fears of the public, whether they be real or imaginary. —Liverpool Times. THE PACIIA OF TITNIS'S PRESENTS TO HER MA JESTY.—In addition to the seven splendid Arabian horses, siX gazelles, two ostriches, and a fine young lion, three years ~Id, the remainder of the gifts from his Highness the Bey o f Tunis arrived yesterday, and were received in the court-vary o t, f y tll e Vivant's gentlemen ri t, hotel, ise cse,affrsaotenims cases, other ue S nn ti l u t atchsopsanyei perfumes it p suot t me o ßd n eus , o7 a nibrndri Buckingham bridles ns l e c r aa l r v nf a ds ,r Palace.d harness a ; y rk Theies,s silks,presents t Otto o e f re studded with diamonds and other pecious stones. Prepare atcobee, madestiim atan pich l‘li : air a t:s Hotel f or tt- e reception ( t i i rlt nu r c a o h n i t r i nP e h and a numerous suite' (hey are expected to arrive on Friday. HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTION AND DISEASES OF VIZ CHEST, CHELSEA.—On Saturday evening last, the annu al general meeting of the governors and subscribers to this charity was held at the Central Board-room, 20, Gr eat Marlborough .street, Regent-street, the Rev. Robert Monte gomery, A.M., in the chair. The committee of manage' meat, the auditors, the medical committee, and other officers of the institution having been elected, the secrete*" proceeded to read the finance report of the building corn mictee of the new hospital at Brompton. From the stat e ; inent contained therein, it appears that the west wing and a portion of the main body, including the entrance por tico, of the instit u ti on , are now completed, the amourt '4 contract for which was 11,762/. The cost of inclosing the ground with iron-railing fixed in granite, togeth2t, , with other necess ary expenses connected with the hospital amounted to 1,6841. T o meet these sums, amounting i n a l! to 13,446/., only 9,134/. has been received, leaving the liabili ties of the hospital to the amount of 5,312/. li, aid ~f the liquidation of this debt a grand fancy fair and bazaar will be held on the 18th of the present month. The bazaar, it w i stated, would, by th e perm i ss i on of the authorities, be held in the Royal College Gardens, Chelsea, and would be honoured by the pretence of many o f th e f a i r no bility of England. The ground on which the new building s tands is a square of 300 feet, con t a i n i ng a b out two acres ; the quadrangle is in width about 100 feet; the whole frontage facing the road, 180 feet; the depth of the wing erected Is 180 feet; the height of each story is 14 feet; height of the building, about 45 feet ; height of the tower, nearly 70 feet. Other business of a ro u ti ne nature having been transac ted, the thanks of the court were voted to the Rev. Chairman, and the meeting broke up. roli Charles White, FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE GREE nwa N ains w e i s c Yesterday afternoon, as the train c ß ee A d n' ing WA front Greenwich to London, a young m an an engine cleaner, in the employ Rail way Company, fell from the platf orm from his perilous situa and before he could be extricated fo o r f m th b e en S ea eu t t li hiE h a e st e e a r rri n Ragaes,il - that his life was de spaired up it was discovered his stpioanir,eidie of. On () so n d h r i e s ad bwd f e l an l is l in two places, besides other injuries of s being taken in 7: to a t o e t v p a e n g d e o y n y Fair, shortlyt.assistingThomas'sa f er legs were broken ' err a y, go. round, was dreadful nature. He Hos pital, whereheofeAxa FRIGHTFUL A IL -- ; P C: re :DENTS AT STEPN EY p . nn lad, named Ayres, about ten years machines, called ten . . o'cloc m k "A before the moyanecsmhteirnodenadycaouldthibene stopped his leg was Monday rvolves upon an axis, when his foot got in between the iron torn off in a frightful manner. The poor little fellow wa s taken to the London Hospital, where he 1 - - Iles in a precazieue state. The medical officers of the institution give very little one of tho e s v e en m in a g : of one of the swings and broke her leg in several places t afternoon another work, and occurred, in the same fair, to a female, hopes p E D o E f s h T i his recovery. o m 53...... was thrown 0,4 m atches of pedestrianism took place at Ste y mile walking match between Hall,plifeyllll" The r t s e t, , _a_ e _ v ues, of London, and Willett (the Hall, of In g s g a ' jaell one•armed walker), was contested throughout; Willett had half a minute start, Wand t before he covered the first mile Hall drew on him, and kept the lead till within 300 yards of the winning ost, when -- was seized with an odd somethinwhich vented farther g pre yards effort. Jacques came in last. The match for 300 ya -- . 01:1 be tween Spott, of Stratford, and Bury, of Lambeth, was ".„ by the former. Sullivan, of Lambeth, and Mcaorhouse I ' - 110 yards for 5/. The former won. i anif MR. WYNDHAM IN BATH.— A man of gent.ern . t the IliThite appearance, a few days since, took up his quarters gat _ le d Hart Hotel, in Bath, and shortly after his arrival requested the landlord to give him change for a - cheque for .504, drawn landlord on Heywood and Co., of Liverpool, but which the_ ,_ k banns , Politely declined. He then went to two joint-at ec purporting to and also to a private bank, producing a letter Co. ! ° f have been written by Messrs Martin, Stone, and to London, stating his cheques on them would be humouredh opened the au ount of 3001. With each of the above banks he opened , the an account, and received a cheque-book. From onnt ban ' k joint-stock banks he received 5/., and from the private was soon 151. The following morning he left the city, and it with the discovered that he was a swindler. Not content w send a amount he had obtained, he had the hardihood to . . _,,,, k ue on the: joint-sto ck bank. from Bristol with another eheq d by th at mud . bank. The messenger was, however, detained, '" was dis means the residence in Bristol of the "gentleman .0 S. covered. The manager of the joint-stock bank w prit a n t h : -r'''' and, tol, accompanied by a person from the private b er obtained having met with the "gentleman," the m his anag wardrobe, from him 41. 10s. in cash, a silk umbrella, small a meet eettraot:- and also the forged letter; and then, with - t o bla dinary feeling of commiaseration, let him depart, to put plan 4 lute opwAtio AI rim 9410 r plearfllo44 (gsfsw• olow-fiingaaac.o‘_idhellaillt THE RAILWAY SUN IS NO W PUBLISHING. PRICE (TO SUBSCRIBERS) SIXPENCE.