The Sun. — London, England, 1846-05-14 00:00:00

"4. .111 c trusted they would accept this as an earnest of the kindly manner in which the working men of this country were to be treated, and that by the adoption of it they would :educe that class to look up to the House of Commons as the great pre server of their rights and privileges, and that they, by passing this Bill, ',roved that they were prepared to listen to their prayers and their wishes. Ho trusted, in conclusion, that the House would unite in passing this measure, as it was calculated to promote the comforts, elevate the condition, and promote the social mad spiritual well-being of the industrious, the gallant, end the long-suffering working people of this country. Mr. TRELAWNEY said, they bad been told that the manufacturing poor were in favour of this Bill, and that was one great reason why it should receive the sanction of the Legislature. He should like to know when Hon. Gentlemen on the opposite benches first began to legislate in accordance with the wishes of the working classes ? It was not very long ago since the working classes presented a petition to the House signed by upwards of 3,000,000 individuals, praying the House to adopt universal suffrage, which the petitioners believed was he great panacea for all the political evils under which they aboured. Had that petition any weight upon those Hon. Gentlemen who now adopted the argument, that because the working people asked the House to pass this measure, it should therefore be sanctioned, without any further delay ? He was opposed to this Bill, because its immediate and direct object was a most unjust interference with the rights of private pro perty. It would, in the first place, interfere with the rights of the manufacturers who had invested large sums in the erection of mills ; and irt the next place, it would interfere with the rights of the working man, by cur tailing his only capital, his wages.—( Hear, hear.) Hon. Gentlemen who had spoken in favour of this measure had talked largely of humanity, and yet they did not think it very inhumane to give their labourers 7s. per week. After some further remarks, which were not distinctly heard in the re porters' gallery, the Hon. Member concluded by stating that he felt hound to give the measure his most decided opposition. Sir R. H. INGLIS wished to allude to a statement which had been made by the Hon. Member who had just sat down in the opening part of his address. The Hon. Member had spoken about a petition signed by 3,000,00 of the working classes, but the House must bear in mind that there was a great difference between the measure for which they sought and the object contemplated by this Bill. Who was the person who first advanced a Ten Hours' Bill? It was the late Sir Robert Peel, but the Right Hon. Baronet, the Secretary of State for the Home Department, in happy forgetfulness, stated that the late Sir Robert Peel did not sue- port such a Bill. But the Right lion. Baronet (the late Sir Robert Peel), on the sth of June, 1815, stated " that the d ura tion of their labour should be limited to twelve h ours and I a-half per diem, including the time for education and meals, which would be ten hours of laborious; emplot ment."—( Hear, hear.) Arid there was no man who attained a higher cha racter for consistency, and an earnest desire for the welfare of manufacturers themselves than the late Sir Robert Peel. And who was the individual who brought forward the Bill now. It was brought in by an individual, of 'whom it had been said in that House, that he worked up one-hundredth part of all the cotton imported into this country (Mr. Fielden). Thus they had not the enthusiasm of the last generation in favour of the Bill, but eminent manufacturers and others who were solely the example. It might be said, why did they not trust to the benevolence of individuals ; but they should not leave it to the conscience of masters, but frame a general law. His Right Hon. Friend the Secretary for the Home Department had said that they were wrong in stating that the late Sir Robert Peel ever contemplated, or introduced any measure to reduce the hours of labour within the limit of twelve hours. On a former division on this subject, the House had virtually affirmed the principle of a reduction within the limits of twelve hours, by declaring that the clause, containing the wordy twelve hours, should not remain part of the Bill. The Bill was, therefore, brought forward at present in order to obtain a re daction to ten hours—which the House, by its former decision, had virtually sanctioned. Sir J. GRAHAM said, that when he made the suggestion with respect to Sir R. Peel, the Hon. Member for Oldham, came to him with the Bill proposed by the late Sir R. Peel on the subject, and also a speech of his. He did not intend to deny that Sir R. Peel did contemplate a reduction within the limits of twelve hours, but such a measure was not proposed. With respect to the statement of the Right Hon. Baronet, that the House had virtually sanctioned the principle, he would remem ber that on the 18th of March, 1844, a Bill for the limita tion of labour was then under discussion, and to that Bill Lord Ashley proposed an amendment, that the time in which the mills should not work, should not be from six in the morn ing to eight at night as propcsea in the Bill, but from six in the morning to six at night. That amendment was carried by a very small majority, but on a subsequent division of the House on the same subject, the question was put whether the period of twelve hours should be allowed, and it was negatived. The question was then put, whether the period of labour should be ten hours, and that was also negatived, so that the House could not have virtually affirmed any period within the twelve hours. Mr. S. CRAWFORD intended very briefly to address the House, and he believed that if ever there was unanimity on any public question, that unanimity existed in the borough of Rochdale. He (Mr. S. Crawford) had presented a petition, signed by upwards of 9,000 inhabitants ; he had also presented a petition from a public meeting, signed by the high constable. He had also presented a petition, signed by upwards of 7,000 of the inhabitants of Belfast. He was the last man in the world to interfere with the liberty of any subject, but he was compelled to do so on this occasion. He would assert that the operatives had no opportunity of choosing their hours of work. If the manufacturers required the females and children of the operatives to work that number of hours, what protection had they? The average of life in Lancashire, compared with the general towns of England, was nineteen years shorter than the general average. They had the evidence to show that, after nearly twelve years experience of the Factory Act, that in respect to children there could be no substantial improvement in a class of people who were engaged for fourteen hours and a half a day in active exertion. These statements made a strong ground for the result at which he wished the House to arrive. He would not insist on the argument, that an equal quantity of work could be done in a small quantity of hours as in a large, but he would contend that the price of labour de pended on supply and demand, and not on the hours in which artisans were employed. He was one of those that had con tended that the people should be protected against the tyranny of the proprietors of the land, and he was ready to say now, that the people should be likewise protected against the pro prietors of money.—( Hear, hear.) He maintained that the great evil of the present day was, that there was too great an accumulation of money in the hands of a few, to the injury of the many.—( Hear, hear.) He contended that it was neces sary to protect the labouring classes from the evil results of that state of things; the working people were absolutely the slaves of their employers. Mr. DUNCAN said he had always opposed, and was still determined to oppose this measure. In his opinion, it would tend to the utter ruin of the trade of this country. He had been at some pains to arrive at the truth of the matter, and he had come to the conclusion that this Bill, which would inter• fere most seriously with the rights of private property, was a most unjust one. But for occupying the time of the House, he would quote the opinions of many persons, well qualified to judge, that any legislative interference with the hours of labour was wholly uncalled for.—( Hear.) Sir G. GREY said, before he gave his vote in favour of the Bill, he wished to state that he should do so with less confidence than when he voted fcr the measure of Lord Ashley in 18.14. Benevolent persons, in their anxiety for the welfare of the in dustrious classes, were apt to overlook the commercial interests of the country, and that if they injured those classes they would injure the operatives themselves.—( Hear.) These considera tions were frequently lost sight of in the discussion of questions relating to the moral and social condition of the industrious classes ; but the arguments used against the Bill were the same as those urged against the present law before it was proposed. —( Hear, hear.) But from the reports of the inspectors of factories, it appeared that the anticipations formed with respect to the inefficiency of the present law had been realised. The arguments against this Bill were to the effect that there ought to be no interference with the rights of labour; but that was not the question then before them, as the question of interference had been settled, but it was this, whether they could say they had advanced to the precise limit at which they should either stop or proceed ; and whether, by proceeding further, they would, or would not, injure the commercial in terests of the country. His opinion was, that they ought not to proceed further than the part they had now attained, until they had further experience that a step beyond that limit might be safely taken. But he thought with other Hon. Mem bers, that it would be better that the regulation of the hours of labour should be effected by mutual arrangement between the employer and the employed—(Cheers)—and he thought, if they consulted the manufacturers, an arrangement might be some to which would be satisfactory to both.—(Hear, hear.) tie thought the natural tendency of the measure would be to reduce wages; but this would be made up by the increased vigour which the labouring classes would be enabled to throw into their work in consequence of working short time. They mould work with more spirit, and, consequently, accomplish more than if they were working long hours. With those feel ings, he should support the Bill. Mr. B' OTHER TON rose amidst loud cries for a division. He considered that a reduction in the hours of labour ought not to be arranged between the masters and their workpeople. The Hon. Member was here interrupted by loud expressions of impatience on the part of the House. He declared, some what emphatically, that if these interruptions were continued, he should move the adjournment of the House. It had been said that if they interfered with the labour of the factory trade they would have to interfere with every other kind of labour. He denied this. As well might they say that if they took off one tax they would have to remove all taxes. He contended that the interference which had taken place had been attended with the m o st b ene fi c i a l results. On the sc ore o f humanity it was politi c to i n t er f ere f or the purpose of limiting the hours of labour. It was said that if they reduced the hours of labour they must reduce the amount of manufactures pro_ Awed in this country. All experience w as aga i nst this p - po sit ion , for whilst they had been reducing the hours, - th e amount of manufactures produced had increased. For these r easons, and believing that the Bill would tend to ameliorate the condition of the working-classes, he should give the mea sure his warmest support. Mr. CA RDWELL did not contend for an abstract principle of non-interference with labour. In the interference which had already taken p lace they had been guided by general practice with respect to the l e ngth of the hours of labour. That was the principle of the interference which had hitherto taken place, and it was that principle upon which the Government in tended to continue to act with respect to this subject. While on the continent the hours of labour had ranged from seventy nine bouts a-week to ninety - t wo hours, they had limited the hours of labour in this country to sixty-nine hours a week. To place a less limit now would be to incur a great and imminent rick. Were they aware of the interests they were about to jeopardise ? Did they consider that 800,000 of the population were affected by this measure, and were they aware that one-half of our total exports were produced by one branch of those operatives ? the Hon. Gentleman proceeded to notice the occasions on which legislative interference with respect to the hours of labour had taken place, and to enume rate the various Acts which had been sanctioned by the Legis lature for the purpose of limiting the hours of labour ; and he contended that the interference had proceeded to the utmost limit consistent with safety, and beyond which it would be dan gerous to go. This Bill would have the practical effect of pre venting the working man benefiting by his own industry. It must have the effect of reducing wages. It would cut off one sixth of the manufacturing productive power of the country, and the effect of that would be most disastrous to the operative population, and the country generally. Mr. WARD, amidst much confusion, moved that the de bate be adjourned. 3lr. BANKES also moved that the debate be adjourned, intimating his intention to follow that up by moving that the debate be resumed on Monday next. He attributed their not coming to a division at once to the manoeuvres of the Minis terial Members. After a scene of much confusion, Sir R. PEEL said it was of the utmost importance that the tariff should be proceeded with on M on d ay . Mr. BANKE. S persisted in his m o ti on , an d a noisy dis cussion ensued, the midst of which th e c l oc k struck six, and the House was adjourned, without, as we cou ld understand, any day being fixed for resuming the debate. ST. JAMES'SCLERKENWELL.—The election of fi ve guardians for St. James's district, and two for St. John's, has excited considerable interest, each of the three parties in the parish having issued lists of candidates. After three days' hard polling, the election closed yesterday aftfirnoon, when _Messrs. Schollield, Terry, t9hayler, Newell, and Lovell, were declared duly elected for St. James's, and Messrs. Wakeling and Garrett for St. John's. A vote of thanks to the chairman (Mr. Meats) fer his impartial conduct in the chair was proposed by Mr, ilwale, seconded by Mr, Fetch, and carried unani maguey. ELEGANT PRESENT, Now ready, price 215., elegantly bound, THE BOOK OF COSTUME; or, ANNALS OF FASHION, WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE FIRST ARTISTS. To be had of all Booksellers. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great 3larlborough•street. This day, price is., THE AGRICULTURAL STATIST. No. I. Showing the relative importance of the Agricultural and Manufacturing Interests, as evidenced in every branch of our national statisties. (The Tables by Mr. Spackman.) London: John 011ivier, 59, Pall-mall. ffiE TRUE HISTORY and MYSTERY of Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN'S CASE—YOUNG IRELAND and " the PARTI PRETIIE"— The ADVENT of the CORN-BILL to the HOUSE of PEERS-- 11 ATIONALE of JUDICIAL SWEARING—the " BOW-STREET INQUISITION" — In the WEEKLY CHRONICLE of SATURDAY and SUNDAY, the 16th and 17th inst., with all the news of the Week. Office, 337 Strand. TIIE NEWSPAPER PRESS DIRECTORY characterises this journal as the " Ablest" of the " Popular Papers." It says there is no " Paper conducted with more talent or success," and that "it is especially remarkable, not only for the great quantity of news it affords, and the admirable arrangement of its matter,—well illustrated by accompanying observations,—but for the ability and variety of Its original articles, in the form of leaders and letters. The advantage of this ability is enhanced by its being displayed on other than mere political questions, so that the range of topics is more large and generally interesting. Thus it is worth mentioning, that it was the only paper which, during the late controversy Le tween the Press and the Bar, took up the case of the latter, in a series of letters marked by great talent." LO ND O N AND YORK RAILWAY. AMALGAMATION WITH THE DIRECT NORTHERN. In accordance with the Circular already issued to the Shareholders who have signed the Deeds, the Directors take this means of giving notice to those parties who have become Shareholders since the date of the Deeds, that on the transmission of their Scrip to the offices of the Company, in a letter in the form subjoined, such Scrip will be endorsed and become negotiable on the basis of the AMAL GAMATION with the DIRECT NORTHERN. By order, J. R. 3IOWATT, Secretary. Offices, 7, Lothbnry, London, May 8, 1846. FORM OF LETTER TO BE ♦DDRESSED TO J. R. MOWATT, ESQ., SECRETARY OF THE LONDON AND YORK RAIL WAY COMPANY, 7, LOTHBURY, LONDON. hold* and 1 now inclose. May, 1846. London and York Shares of 501., Extension Shares of 251. ; the Scrip fur which I APPROVE of the AMALGAMATION of the LONDON and YORK and the DIRECT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANIES, as publicly announced under the signature of the Chairman of the Board of each Company, under date of sth of May, instant. Name and Address of the Shareholder. NoTE.—Copies of this form may be bad at the offices, 7, Lothbury. * Insert the Number. RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE. nESSRS. LAMOND, SMALE, AND LAMOND, Railway Share Auctioneers, beg to thank their Friends and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c., take place every Tun Dar and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place all favours, containing instructions, are respectfully requested to be addressed. All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited for exa mination at least one day previously to their being offered ; and advices of results will be forwarded by the first post after the sale, ani the proceeds immediately disposed of according to instructions. Offices. Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London. AEI. MAJESTY'S THEATRE. Madame GRISI has the honour to acquaint the Nobility, Sub scribers, and the Public, that her BENEFIT will take place THIS EVENING, When will be performed (for the second time in this country), Verdi's celebrated Opera, in Four Parts, entitled, I LOMBARDI : ALLA PRIMA CROCIA With new scenery, dresses, &c. ; the scenery by Mr. Marshall. Gr.selda, Madame Grisi; Sofia, Madame BOUM ; Viclinda, Mdlle. Corbari ; Oronte, Signor Mario ; Arvino, Signor Corelli ; Pirro, Sig. Botelli ; Acciano, Sig. Giubilei ; Pagano, Sig. Fornasari. To he followed by a DIVERTISSEMENT. In which Mdlle. L. Grahn will dance an admired Pas, composed by herself, supported by Mdlles. Moncelet, Demelisse, and Cassan ; and in the course of the Evening, a new Pas de Deux, by Mdlles. L. Taglioni and 31. Perrot. After which (for this occasion only), Gnecco's Opera Buffa, LA PROVA D'UN OPERA SERIA. Campanone, Signor Lablache ; Fedrico, Signor Corelli ; Griletto, Signor F. Lablache ; Violante, Madame Bellini ; Corilla, Madame Grisi. To conclude with the admired Ballet of ONDINE. Ondine, Mdlle. Cerito ; Matte°, M. Perrot ; Giannina, Mdlle. Louise Taglioni. In the course of the Ballet will be introduced the admired Fete de la Madonne and U rand Tarantella, by the corps de ballet ; Vie celebrated Pas de Quarte, from "Le Lac des Fees," by Mdlle. Cerito and M. St. Leon, supported by Mdllos. Demelisse and Moncelet ; a Pas, by Mdlle. Taglioni ; and the Pas de L'Ombre, by Mdlle. Cerito. Applications for boxes, stalls, and tickets to be made at the box office, Opera Colonnade. Doors open at Seven, the Opera to com mence at half-past Seven o'clock. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING Will be performed the Opera of THE ENCHANTRESS. Don Sylvio, Mr. W. Harrison; Dr. Mathanasius, Mr. Harley; Ramir, Mr. Borrani ; Duke d'Aquila, Mr. Weiss ; Stella, Madame Thillon. Between the first and second Acts of the Opera, will be intro duced a Pas de Bergers, by thirty-six of the celebrated Danseuses, with a Pas Seul, by Fanny Prager; and between the second and third Acts, twenty-four Danseuses Viennoises will execute the famous National Polea Paisans. After which, the celebrated Ballet of LA GISELLE. Duke of Silesia, M. Mathis; Hilarion ; Mr. W. 11. Payne ; Prince of Cour and, Mr. Howell ; Wilfrid, M. Adrien ; Giselle, Mdlle. Salt; Mirtha, Mdlle. Louise; Princess Bathilde, Mdlle. St. Louin ; Bertha, Mrs. Payne ; Principal Willis, Mesdames Adele and Giubilei. During the Ballet will be introduced Les Pas des Fleurs, by thirty. six of the Pupils of Madame Weiss. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. THIS EVENING Will be - performed TIIE CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE. Lord Ogleby, Mr. W. Farren ; Sir John Melville, Mr. Brindal ; Brush, Mr. Hudson ; Canton, Mr. J, Bland ; Fanny Sterling, Miss Julia Ben nett ; Miss Sterling, Miss P. Horton ; Mrs. Heidelberg, Mrs. Glover ; Betty, Mrs. Humby. The Band will perform the Overture, " Edourdo e Christine," the Fantasie, " Fra Diavolo ;" the " l'ost Horn Galop," " Antoinette," Cellarius Waltz ; the "Chatsworth Quadrilles ;" and the " Brunow Polka." To he succeeded by an Original Farce, called TIIE IRISII TIGER. Sir Charles Lavender, Mr. Howe ; Paddy Rya:), Mr. Hudson ; Alderman Marrowfat, Mr. Tilbury ; Bilbtuy, Mr. T. F. Mathews ; Julia, Miss Telbin ; Nancy, Mrs. Caulfield. After which, an experiment will be tried upon THE BIRDS OF ARISTOPIIANES : on which occasion they will be presented to tae public with new Names, new Feathers, new Songs, and new Tales. Principal characters by Messrs. James Bland, Hudson, Tilbury, Benda], Caulfield, T. F. Al athews, and Miss P. Horton. THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MRS. KEELEY. .nother brilliant Triumph ! " Robin Hood and Richard Coeur de Lion" every Evening; and (by express desire) " The Cricket on the Hearth." VIIIS EVENING Will be performed a New and Original Farce, entitled, A FRIEND INDEED! After which, the Comedy of HONOURS AND TRICKS. Prin cipal characters by Messrs. T. Matthews, F. Vining, Wigan, Diddear, and Keeley ; Miss Villars, Mrs. A. lVigan, and Mrs. Keeley. To conclude with a New Grand Operatic Romantic Burlesque Spec tacle, founded upon certain St - riling and hitherto Unrevealed Pas sages in the Histories of ROBIN HOOD AND RICHARD CfEUR DE LION. Characters by Mrs. Keeley, Miss Fairbrother, Miss M. Keeley, Miss Villars, Miss E. Daly, Miss Howard, Miss Bromley Miss Laidlaw, and Miss Grove ; Mr. A Wigan, Mr. F. Matthews, Mr. Keeley, Mr. Turner, and Mr. J. W. Collier. IHEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. TIIIS EVENING Will be performed a popular Comedy, entitled EXCHANGE NO ROBBERY ; or, Who's to Father Me ? Sam Swipes, Mr. Wright ; Mrs. Swipes, Mrs. F. Matthews ; Miss Melrose, Miss Chaplin , Lady Cranberry, Miss Harding. After which a new and Original Farce, called, WHO DID I ? or, WHAT'S IN THE WIND ? Vandyke Brown, Mr. Wright ; Ramona Peewit, Miss Woolgar. To be followed by the Burlesque, entitled PETER WILKINS ; or, The Loadstone Rock and the Flying Indians. Principal characters •Iy Misses Woolgar, Emma Harding, Chaplin, Brooks, Taylor; Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. Munyard, Mr. Mitchenson, &c. To conclude with a New Farce, entitled THE PHANTOM BREAKFAST. Supported by Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. Wright, Miss Woolgar, Miss Harding, Miss Taylor, and Mrs. Frank Matthews. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. THIS EVENING - - Will be performed an Original Comedietta, entitled THE COLO NEL'S BELLE ; or, the Non-Marriahles. Count de Ruse, Mr. J. Vining ; Major Vidette, Mr. Murray ; Capt. Fonfaron, Mr. Roxby ; Mabelle, Miss E. Stanley. After which, Sheridan's Play of PIZARRO, with the original Music. Rolla, Mr. Waliack ; Alonzo, Mr. Murray; Orozembo, Mr. Vining ; Pizarro, Mr. Ryder ; High Priest, Mr. Leffler ; Elvira, Mrs. Tertian; Cora. Mrs. Stirling. In the course of the Evening the Band will perform the Titania Waltzes and D'Albert's Bridal Polka. To conclude with a New Ballet, entitled, LES CONSCRITS DU VILLAGE. In which Messrs. Gilbert, Marshall, Flexmore, Harris; Miss Ballin, Miss Marshall, &c., will appear. ASTLEY'i ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. Linder the especial patronage of her most gracious Majesty, and their Royal Highnesses Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess Alice. Uninterrupted career of success of Mr. Leman Rede's popular Asiatic Spectacle, which is nightly hailed with the most enthusiastic applause. THIS EVENING Will be performed the Grand Asiatic Drama of THE ARAB AND HIS DESERT STEED; or, the Pearl of the Euphrates. Introducing the double stud, &c. New and popular Scenes of the Hippodrome. First appearance of the astonishing French Artiste, Mons. Leonard Houck, aided by the British Professors. First Week of a Novel Grotesque BALLET. In which the prin cipal Pantomimists of the Establishment will perform. On Monday next, May 18th, M. Lenin Bridges, the famed eques trian, will appear. Box-oftico open from eleven till five o'clock.—Doors open at six mid commence at seven o'clock. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Brillle.ut success or the new Play of " Blanca," received every even ing with increased approbation. Will be performed a Reirwilga::VeZtrula d N,43 ltiANCA J ; oh o two r, T n he L Tl ew ir i e s a Trials. Characters by Messrs. Hughes, sgayn rd . Cowell, Heslop, Edgar ; Mesdms. H. Vining, Martin, D a l y , &c. After which, GYMNASTIC EXERCISES by Herr Dentin and Herr Nicoio, as Les Deux CI - Artois. To be succeeded by the new Ballet of LE POSTILLION ET LE TAMBOUR MAJOR, by the Dentin Family. To conclude with THE MAID AND TIIE MAGPIE. NEW STRAND THEATRE. ENTIRE CIIANGE.-NOVELTIES AND MAGIC EFFECTS. ". La gaiete est la sante de l'ame, La tristesse en eat le poison." THIS EVENING M. PrIFLLIPPE begs leave to announce that, in consequence of the Triumphant Success that has attended his EASTER ENTER TAINMENTS, they will be repeated every Wednesday and Sa turday Morning, and every Evening until furtii , e g r nig n single Shot! M. PHILLIPPE will commence the Entertainment by Lighting Two Hundred and Fifty Wax Candles by a This unique and brilliant Experiment was originally performed by Mons. FliilliPpe for upwards of 700 consecutive nights in Paris. M. PhillipPe will also h w a i v th e a t u he lis ho l n a o u u gh r ab o l f e i a n n t a ro t d a u p c t i d ng Tr zf s s . by oa t m he hol D s a o ß f cin ti g te of A la t E he . fGorRmAINtiDohIksIOTHER'S CAP, CHIARIN The E it , i t ert y a A i it l‘ m , l e r a x ts , RICAN BROTHERS. will t b h e e O v l a y r in ied pie The Morning Performa nce will commence at Two o'clock ; the Evening at a quarter to E i gh t. IL Is., and 10 s. 6d. Stalls, 3s. ; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, is. ; Gallery, 6d. ; Frivate Boxes, Under the Patronage of her Most Gracious Majesty. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. MONDAY, MAY 11. VIEW of 'NAPLES, ERUPTION of VESUVIUS, DESTRUC TION of HERCULANEUM and POMPEII, in tha year 79. This magnificent spectacle is revived in an unprecedented scale of grandeur, the picture being more than twice the size of the former, and represents, as accurately as can possibly be done, the Great Eruption of Vesuvius in the year 79, when the Destruction of Her culaneum and Pompeii took place; produced under the direction uf Mr. Danson. A richly ornamented GOTHIC BRIDGE of STATUES has been constructed, which will be brilliantlyllluminated at Night. The PROMENADE CONCERTS are again confided to Mr. God hey. The Band is most complete in all its departments, and includes many eminent native and foreign musicians. The PYROTECHNIC DISPLAYS, by Mr. Southby, are on the most complete and effective scale. Preceding the Volcanic Display a novel exhibition will be intro duced, representing the Descent of Phoebus in the Chariot of the Sun. Mons. Farinelll will descend from a Chinese Pagoda, seventy feet in height, to the surface of the lake, where a Naiad's Car will rise to receive him, and bear him to his chrystal home. • An Illuminated Marine Cave, and the Glass Conservatory,splen idly ornamented with festoons of lamps , enabli n g the visitors to view the matchless collection of Carnivora by gas-light. Feeding of the Carnivora at five ; the Pelicans, &c. at half-past ST. • Concert At Dix ; and the Bruption at dusk. Admission, Is. WFAST LANCASHIRE RAILWAY. Notice is hereby given, that in compliance with the Ses sional Orders of the Houses of Parliament, a MEETING of the SCRIPHOLDERS of this undertaking, will be held at the l'alatine Hotel, in Manchester, on TUESDAY, the 2Gth day of May instant, at One o'clock in the Afternoon ; and that at such meeting a copy of the Bill now depending in Parliament, entitled "A Bill for making a Railway from Liverpool to Southport, to be called the West Lanca shire Railway," will be submitted for the consideration of such meeting. Dated this 13th day of May, 1646. HENRY NEWBERT, Deputy Chairman TO TOURISTS AND SPORTSMEN VISITING THE HIGH DLANDS OF SCOTLAND. MACDOUGALL, of the T ar t an W are h ouse, • Inverness, begs very respectfully to mention that he is now in London, with all the correct and original patterns of Clan Tartans for Ladies' and Children's Dresses and Cloaks, Gentlemen's Dressing Gowns, &c. MANUFATURE. Our National Manufacture OLLEN of PLAIDINGS, C now denominated TWEEDS, are decidedly superior to, and are patronised beyond, every other description of Goods hitherto used for Shooting and Wearing Coats, Trousers, land Boys' wear. The better qualities rival the English Cassimers, are only about half the price, and are easily washed, without injuring their appearance. The Brown and Red Heather Mixtures are imitations, and successful ones, of the complexion of the Scottish Mountains, when the heather is in leaf and in bloom, all made of the best Wool. A very few handsome, fine Tartan Shawls and Plaids, and very fine White and Coloured Zetland Shawls. Some brown Wool, and Shepherd Plaids and Shawls. The Lovat, Glengarry, Athole, Gail loch, Inveresiiie, and Richmond Tweeds, and all the different shades and qualities requi site for the other Shooting Grounds—used at deer stalking and grouse shooting. Stout stuff for keepers and gullies. An immense lot of Highland Shepherd Tartans, and Scotch stuffs for jackets, trousers, &c. D. M'D. has with him a copy of the " Vestiarum Scoticum," from an original MS. formerly belonging to John Leslie, Bishop of Ross, the faithful adherent of Queen Mary, which shows the genuine set of all the Clan Tartans. Noblemen and Gentlemen who may wish for the Highland cos- tume, may have the same made up, with Highland ornaments, In the most antique form—bonnets, plaids, badges, cockades, &c. &c. High land dresses for boys made up. Mr. 3PHougall will be happy to show the correct method of wearing the Highland dress, and the various modes of putting on the Plaid. M`D. will be glad to call with his patterns any time before the 24th May, when he returns to Inverness. A note, addressed to him at 7, New Burlington-street, Regent street, will be attended to, or he may be seen there, from 1 to 4 o'clock, until 24th May. Shooting Boxes furnished. IN - ETV ZEALAND COMPANY. New Zealand House, Broad-street Buildings, May 14, 1546. Notice is hereby given ;that the ANNUAL GENERAL COURT OF PROPRIETORS of the NEW ZEALAND COMPANY will be holden at this House, on FRIDAY, the twenty-ninth day of May instant, at One o'clock precisely, for the Election of Directors and other 0111- cers of the said Company, and for the transaction of other business. At the said meeting the following Directors will go out of office, namely, Viscount Ingestrie, Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Esq. John Ellerker Boulcott, Esq. George I.yall, jun., Esq. Archibald Hastle, Esq., M.P. Henry Aglionby Aglionby, Esq., M.P. but being eligible for re-election, they het eby offer themselves to be re-elected according. By order of the Court of Directors, THOMAS CUDBERT HARINGTON, Secretary. THE WEATHER.—SIIN OFFICE, MAY 14. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 47; Highest, 62; Noon, 57. BAROMETER, 29.97.—W1ND N.E.; fine. MG?! WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY. Iforning .. 42 minutes after 3. I Evening .. 3 minutes after 4 .t)>. 'l: 7 6 ,N; SECOND EDITION. THE SUN ) 1-4 OWD ON, THITRSDA 1r EVENING, WI A "r"l4, 1846. than the preceding, because the case of a private individual, and hence the possible precedent of any and every person in the realm) testifies that all the bragging in the world can not preserve an Englishman from the most disgraceful and unconstitutional espionage. From their involving the actuality of this axiom, that our habi tations cannot be broken open and entered with impunity, and from affecting, as they do, the question of the extent of our civil liberties as a people, the particulars of the grievance complained of by the petitioner are ele vated from a personal to a national importance. They are simple enough in themselves, but absolutely monstrous in their bearing. It appears from the documents already lying before, or about to be submitted to Parliament, that Mr. TouLmIN SMITH, a special pleader, residing and practising in the Temple, has had the privacy of his dwelling house in vaded by two policemen and an Excise-officer, armed with a search warrant which had been obtained by the Excise authorities from a magistrate, solely—let this be especially observed—solely at the instigation of the writer of an anony mous letter ! It appears, moreover, that under the cover of this warrant, though they actually refused to produce it upon the requisition of the petitioner, these three persons invaded and searched every part of the tenement, garden, green-house, bed-rooms, and private study; that "a full and explicit apology has been most deliberately refused," and that "any expression even cf regret had been evaded." In this ex traordinary transaction the immediate culpability appears to rest with either the Excise authorities or the magis• trate issuing the warrant, or possibly with both ; but beyond this, and apart from the individuality of the case, there is manifestly " something rotten in the state of Denmark." There is a hiatus somewhere—a crack in the very shield of our liberty. It is, impressed with this feeling, and anxious to divest the matter of anything like an in vidious or personal character, that the petitioner here endeavours to ensure the reformation of a system, not the punishment of an individual. He adduces the transaction which we have just mentioned simply as a case in point, and with the view of directing the atten tion of the Legislature to the correction of a most grievous abuse. Upon this head Mr. Tourzusr Smrrir, in certain "considerations" (as to the real character and origin of the proceedings instituted) which he has recently published in the form of a pamphlet, himself observes : the Royal Court of Guernsey. These powers great and un constitutional as they undoubtedly are, are enormously in creased by the practice of the Court and the manner in which they are carried into execution. The grea:est protection to the rights of the suitor of any Court is to be found in the ince pendence of the practitioners of that Court, the power of selecting his advocate from a number of able, learned, and fearless gentlemen, who will be ready to denounce any injustice to their client without the possibility of any evil consequences resulting to themselves from the zeal and energy of their advocacy. It is to the knowledge of this fact that many of the privileges of the bar in this country are owing. It is not for the sake of the barrister himself that he is permitted perfect freedom of speech in any case in which he is professionally employed, the power of commenting upon and exposing the conduct of the opponent, of his witnesses—nay, of the Court itself, if he should think it necessary to do so in the discharge of his duty to his client—it is not for his own sake that he enjoys the freedom from arrest, Eundo inorando et re deundo, in going to, remaining at, and returning from the Court where his services may be required ; tut it is because his possession of these privileges is found to be essen tial to the public welfare, to the protection of the rights of those who may be engaged in litigation. Should the barrister fail in his duty, should he not bring all the powers of an intelligent and cultivated mind to the service of his client, lie will speedily sink in the public estimation. His competitors are so numerous, so talented, that his practice may be extin guished without his being missed from the courts. Next to the independence of the Legislature, of the judicial bench, that of the bar is found to be most essential to public liberty. In Guernsey this independence does not exist. The advocates, who alone have the privilege of prac tising, are limited to six; thus little power of selection is afforded to the person seeking justice. The Court has the sole appointment of those six. The situation is a lucrative one, from the limited number, and is consequently much sought after, and only to be obtained by the friends and con nexions of the jurats. In England, any person who goes through certain prescribed forms, whose conduct and character is unimpeachable, is, as a matter of course , admitted to the profession, and when once admitted, can only be removed for improper or disgraceful conduct, contrary to the rules of his profession, his duty to his client, or the laws of his country. But, in Guernsey, no matter how zealously, how efficiently, any one may have pursued his studies, may have folloWed the course indi cated for • those seeking admission to the bar, though his talents may be of the highest order, though his charac ter may be unquestionable, unless he can curry favour with the jurats, and secure their votes, he cannot be admitted, will riot be entitled to practice. Again, the Court assume the power of suspending, of disbarring the advocate at their mere will and pleasure—he is wholly and entirely under their control, and dependent upon them. It requires little argument to establish the impropriety of this system, and to exhibit the result attendant upon such a state of facts. The advocate does not impeach the conduct of the Court ; no matter what prejudice, what injustice he may see exhibited, he is bound by every tie of interest to those by whom he was selected, and on the continuance of whose avour his pecuniary interests are so deeply involved. The proceedings in this Court are carried on in the French language, and there is no sworn interpreter to explain to the Englishman the charges, the evidence against him, or to be the medium of communicating his defence to the Court. Law authorities, whether English, French, Norman, or Guern‘ 'sey, are indiscriminately quoted, and weight is attached to them according to the interests, the feelings, the prejudices, or the passions of the individual jurats. The wide discretion exercised by the Court in the sen tences it pronounces can hardly be conceived. A few plain cases, simply stated, will do more to exemplify this than any language to which we can give utterance. A Guernsey man committed a violent and unprovoked assault upon a British soldier in her MAJIESTY'S service ; he came behind and struck the soldier a fearful blow on the head, in flicting a deep wound on the temple. The as sailant was not inebriated. No cause could be as signed fur the brutal attack. He was not arrested at the time, and, when afterwards convicted of the outrage, the punishment assignedfor the offence was imprisonment for forty-eight hours. " Of all civil rights and liberties, security of house and person is the most sacred, essential and important; and this it is the first duty of every civilised government to secure and maintain. Without it, all boast of civil rights and of a free constitution is empty. "The case of my petition shows that that security does not now exist in England, but that any and every man's house is liable to be entered by emissaries of certain public boards, at any time, by day or night, on the suggestion of any anonymous accuser, or the stroke of the pen of any ignorant or incapable magistrate. It is sometimes assumed that powers must exist, in constitutional governments, of a wide nature, reliance being had that they will never be unduly exercisetL Without admitting that such power ought ever to be placed in any irresponsible hands, it is sufficient to say, that such a plea cannot be entered here. The very possibility of such an outrage as above named is inconsistent with every idea of a constitutional government or civil liberty, far more so than the long since abolished powers of the Star Chamber. Moreover the outrage has been perpetrated : it is not only a posse but an esse. The existence, indeed, of such a power implies its constant exercise. Public safety requires, then, the immediate re moval of the power." To the accuracy of these remarks no exception whatever can be made; circumstances have clearly demonstrated that the impregnable nature with which the law was presumed to invest our homes is most illusory and unreal. Far from our houses being castles, they promise to degenerate into lounging places for prying Excisemen, where cu. riosity or suspicion may be satisfied at the charge of a warrant. Unless some strenuous effort be made by our legislators, we shall be liable, when in the studio or the bath, the dining-rcom or the 'orchard, to the indecorous incursions of policemen or the inquisitive agents of Excise. An opportunity is afforded our representatives of preserving us from these monstrous visitations, and of ren dering the boast of BLACKSTONE something more than a mere dead letter. They must, if they have any true estimation of the nature of civil liberty, enter with earnestness into the sentiments which will be embodied in the motion of Mr. Sroosxa; and they must remember that while thellome Secretary declared that he possessed "no authority to interfere" in the matter, that Lord DENMAN, when presenting a similar petition to the House of Peers, on the 6th of April, pronounced such proceedings as those taken against Mr. Toui.uss SMITE.' as " contrary to the spirit of the common law." The matter, in short, demands the most serious consideration of Parliament, and we hope that the motion advanced this evening by the Hon. Member for Birmingham may be the commencement of some powerful legislative movement whereby the Constitution may be released from so great an anomaly. An English soldier (when drunk) struck a Guernsey man ; he was forthwith seized and put in irons, treated as a criminal of the worst class, having been (even before trial) kept for a week in solitary confinement, and on bread and water, and on conviction was sentenced to three months' imprisonment, two of the three months in solitary confinement, and on bread and water. Look at this picture and on that, and see the justice meeted out to Englishmen in one of the British dependencies, close to our very shores. Instances might be multiplied illustrative of this conduct, but one more will be quite sufficient. It was a favourite doctrine with a certain portion of he landed interest and their supporters, especially ,hose who maintained the necessity and justice of the corn-laws, that the prosperity and security of this great country rested almost entirely on the land, and that the advantages derived from manufactures, trade, and com merce, were only very secondary considerations. The doctrine has rather become unfashionable of late, but possibly it may bo revived by the RICH:IIO2.MS and BUCKINGFIAMS when the time comes for pouring out their wrath against the revolutionary Minister. The proposition hardly requires refutation, yet, for the in formation of those who are often guided by the recorded opinions of their superiors, and in order to destroy such an unfounded pretence for exclusive privileges, it would be desirable that some of the more liberal Peers should, during the forthcoming discussion, lay open its fallacy. It is a fact about which there can be no dispute, that in all the manufacturing districts the value of land has risen enormously since England became a great manu facturing and trading nation. At an average, possibly, it has been raised fivefold ; and where towns have been built, and large factories established, it has risen to an extent of which it would be difficult to form any acurate and proportional calculation. The shipping trade, too, contributes its share in giving additional value to property in land. But a very few years since, we may say in the memory of persons still living, Glasgow and Liverpool, and many other large sea-port towns, were little better than fishing villages, and so small was the population that the country around was not more valu able than in the most remote and comparatively unin habited districts. The communication, too, kept up be tween the manufacturing towns themselves and between them and the sea-ports all added to the value of land. Villages and towns sprung up from the impulse of trade and the means of subsistence furnished to so many thousands. All these of course paid their share of the taxes, and, together with the vast wealth,ereated among the landed interest, enabled the Government to build and maintain fleets absolutely necessary for the security of the country. Can any man for a moment imagine that England could have resisted the powerful fleets of France in the eighteenth century, es she did after a severe struggle, but for the vast increase of her trade during the reign of GEORGE II.? The land was totally unequal to the contest. France possessed a large territory, she had numerous colonies, too, and conside rable commerce, but the activity, enterprise, and perse verance of English adventurers, traders, and manufac turers finally prevailed, and enabled the country, during the nineteenth century, to meet and defeat an enemy which no other power on earth could have withstood. The fleets of England, mercantile as well as naval, did it all, and but for these she would have been subdued and made an integral portion of the great empire of NAPOLEON. Even at the present day her very existence depehds on her trade and colonies. The wealth which they furnish, the employ ment they give to millions who must have been starved to death on the land, the enormous re venues which they furnish in the shape of Excise and Customs, and the large population too created by them alone—all contribute to that power and stability which renders the small island of Great Britain the most powerful empire in the world. As an incidental proof of the blessings of trade, it may be worth while to record that within the last three or four days twenty Indiamen have arrived in the river, all laden with valuable cargoes. These are generally from 1,000 to 1,400 tons burden, and bring the productions of the rich East in return for those transmitted from this small territory. It is needless to point out what increased employment is given by these arrivals, what amount is paid to the Customs, and what activity even this casual arrival must infuse into many departments. If further proof were wanted, we have Only to look to Holland, which began this trading system long before England. After having established a few dry spots on which they could secure a footing at the mouth of a large river, the Dutch at once com menced trade, invited the people of all countries to their shores, laid down as one of their first acts that inter course between them and other nations should be free as the air, and carried out these principles so effectually, that in process of time they became one of the first among nations, successfully defied the whole power of Spain, and even dared to meet at sea, and with marked success too, the first naval power in existence. Holland established settlements in the West as well as in the East long before Ragland. About the year 1600 the celebrated Dutch Fast India Company was formed, and in the course of five or six years afterwards this Com pany sent out forty-six vessels, of which forty-three re turned in due course laden with rich cargoes. This success only the more animated the people in their corn mereial enterprise, and as they were strict in preserving public faith, and paying regularly every penny of in terest on their public debt, Holland was in almost every respect a prototype of England at the present moment. Even when her trade has considerably decayed her honour still remains, and no nation pays with more scrupulous fidelity its debts. All these are the happy results of trade and commerce On Sa One of the six advocates stabbed a native of Great Britain. It was said, and we believe truly, not to have Leen his first offence of a similar description. He was found guiltu, without extenuating circumstances. One would have thought that this was a crime im peratively demanding a punishment of the weightiest de scription, that public justice would have been vindicated ; the majesty' of the offended law avenged ; but, no, the criminal was one of the favoured body—the friend, the associate of his judges ; his sentence was two months' imprisonment; and as if this mockery of justice, this ridi culously inadequate sentence, was-not sufficient to excite the indignation and the disgust of the English inhabitants, the Court condescended to bandy compliments with the criminal, and he is told from what ought to be the bench of justice, " that he would be discharged from his confinement without a stain on his character." Surely proceedings of this class and character cannot be suffered to continue without stringent and efficient means being adopted for their reformation and amendment. We trust that the Commissioners appointed will closely investigate into, and fearlessly report upon these, and the other cases which may be brought before them. We doubt not that their conduct will be worthy of members of the honourable profession to which they belong, and that all parties will receive at their hands full and impartial justice. One thing we would im press upon their minds (although we hope and trust there is little necessity for the caution), they are deputed to investi gate into, and sit in judgment upon the conduct of the ad ministrators of the law in the Channel Islands; a large num ber of their fellow-countrymen of th e natives of the islands, who are not connectedwith the clique, anxiously look for their report. for the alterations and amendments which they may suggest. Let them not be induced to attend at public banquets given by, or to exchange laudatory speeches with, those on whom they are sitting in judgment. We do not doubt their integrity, or suppose their decision could be biassed by any such paltry considerations, but the public will be better satisfied if no such festive meetings take place, and will think it more seemly on the part both of the Commissioners and members of the Court that they should be avoided. We know such things have been commented on before. We trust there may be no opportunity for similar comments again being made. The state of Poland still continues disturbed. The Weser Gazette of the Bth inst. states, that the peasants of Radom have risen against the nobles, and murdered several of them. According to the Voss Gazette, TYSSOWSKI, the insurgent chief, and seven insurgent officers, who had been taken, escaped on the 2d from Neisso. Accounts from Galicia, published in the Nuremburg Correspondent, state that the celebrated peasant insurgent chieftain, SZELA, has been arrested. The Athens papers of the 30th ult. publish a copy of a dispatch from Lord ABERDEEN to Sir E. LYONS on the sub ject of the Greek loan, which the latter had communicated to the Greek Government. After alluding to the exposé of the financial state of the kingdom, recently made by the Greek Minister of Finance, which, as his Lordship contends, is a complete contradiction to the idea and practice of economy promised by M. COLETTI, and which completely justifies the British Government in insisting on a portion of the revenues of Greece being set aside for the payment of the interest of the loan, the dispatch concludes by stating that if the prelent irregular system continues to be pursued in the management of the Greek finances, that the British Govern ment will feel itself compelled to adopt measures for the establishment of a state of things which shall prevent the revenues of the state being dissipated by negligent or cor•. rupt administrators, to the prejudice of English interests. Madrid papers of the 6th inst. have been received. According to the Eco del Comercio, a modification of the Cabinet is daily expected to take place, as the divisions among the present members of it continue, and are to all appearance irreconcileable. The calling together of the Cortes is the great subject of dispute. MM. MoN and PIDAL insist on the necessity of their being called together immediately, but this is strongly objected to by their col leagues, backed by the influence of Queen CuaisriNA. It is generally understood that the QUEEN will visit Santa Agueda, for the purpose of drinking the waters, before she proceeds to the seaside. M. SABATER, the political chief of Madrid, has resigned. His resignation has been accepted by the Government. General Don JOSE CONCHA was expected to arrive in Madrid on the evening of the 6th. . _ The Impartial states that the University of Seville had been the scene of some disturbances, which, however, bad been speedily suppressed. From the same paper we learn that NARVAEZ has at length accepted the embassy to Naples, and that he will set out for that Court shortly. In the Madrid official lists neither the. Three nor the Five per Cents. are quoted. Exchange on London, 37. We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday. The de bates on the Belgian Commercial Treaty still continued in the Chamber of Peers. After the high protectionist speech of Baron CHARLES DUPIN on Tuesday, M. GUIZOT addressed the Chamber in defence of the Ministerial measure, but not ding mersm erit fullyi n al f l av t o h u e r in o t f er u e n st r s es o t f ri G ct o ed om ve c rnm lne ent 7 , e "The saysi‘i. GulzoT, "but the producers also have claims on them." It would appear that M. GUIZOT has yet to learn that all that consumers or producers want or require is, to be permitted to take care of their own interests themselves, without any intermeddling on the part of the Goverument, in favour either of the one class or of the other. He seems now to be in nearly the same state of pupilage in the science of poll. tical economy that Sir ROBERT PEEL was three years since; and when M. GutzoT shall have had his three years' experi ence, he, too, will become a free-trader. turday we alluded to the extraordinary powers ex ecutive, legislative, and judicial, vested in, or assumed by , The Journal des Debats_hasthe following observations on M. Guam's speech : "The consumers merit all the interest of governments, but the producers also have claims on them. It is production which provides for the necessities of consumption. What could th latter do, if the sources of production were dried up? This reasoning appears difficult to refute, for this mode of stating the question of political economy is exclusive and therefore inexact. M. Guizot had not any difficulty in show ing this, and he did so with that elevation of views which is familiar to him, and which constitutes one of the charac teristic traits of his eloquence. There is, however, in the judgment which he passed on political economy, a certain severity which does not appear to us to be altogether merited. When, he argued, this science perceives a right neglected, it affords it protection, presents it to the world, and trans forms it into an absolute principle. Thus political economy beheld consumers, took up their quarrel, and demanded free trade. M. Guizot was replying to M. d'Harcourt, and ho had a right to speak thus. But we may be permitted to observe that it is not alone in the interest of the consumer that free trade is called for and defended ; it is also in the interest of the producers, it is in order to reach the best possible conditions of a good production. The partisans of the protective system have always maintained that it is . better for the country to continue to produce the A \IERICAN NEWS. (EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL.) IMPORTANT NE WS FROM THE UNITED STATES. LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY MORNING. The Royal Mail steamer Caledonia, Captain Lott, arrived here this morning, with the mails from the United States and Canada. She left Boston on the Ist, and Halifax on the 3d instant, and has, therefore, made the voyage in twelve and a-half days. The news by this arrival is important and decisive upon the long debated question of the Oregon. The Committee of Conference, appointed by the two Houses, which at the last previous accounts were in collision, had, without much difficulty, resolved to adopt a notice almost identical with that which had passed the Senate—the preamble only dif fering —the actual resolutions themselves being the same. The passage of tke notice in this form seems to have given general satisfaction to the press, and to all moderate men, and is considered and approved by them ass necessary step to the amicable settlement of the dispute with Great Britain. It is said that in this spirit Mr. M‘Lane will be instructed immediately to deliver the notice required by the existing treaty, and at the same time would invite or offer himself a proposition for the renewal of negotia tions. A general expectation had existed both at Wash ington, and throughout the country, that th Caledonia would have brought out fresh proposals from the British Go vernment, but none were received either by her or by the Great Western. The army in Texas, under General Taylor, was encamped on the banks of the Rio Grande, and the squadron was at Vera Cruz. No hostilities had taken place, the United States army being instructed to act only on the defensive. No further step had been taken in Washington as regards the New Tariff Bill introduced by Mr. Secretary Walker, and it was doubtful if it would pass this session. The aspect of commercial affairs had improved. The cotton market was firm; still money was tight. The rate ed exchange on London was 109 1 / 2 to 110. The Great Western arrived at New York on the 28th ult. (Correspondence of the Journal of commerce.) PASSAGE OF THE OREGON RESOLUTIONS 114 . BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS. WASHINGTON, Amur. 23.—1 n the Senate, after the recede tion of a message from the President, Mr. Berrien made report in behalf of the Committee of Conference on the part of the Senate, recommending, as the unanimous result of the Conference, that both Houses recede from their amendments. and adopt the resolution in the following form :-- "JOINT RESOLUTION CONCERNING THE OREGON TERRITORY. " Whereas, by the convention concluded the 20th day of October, 1818, between the Unit e d St ates of America and the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. for the period of ten years, and afterwards indefi nitely extended and continued in force by another convention of the same parties, concluded the 6th day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun dred and twenty-seven, it was agreed that any country that may be claimed by either party on the north-west was* of America westward of the Stony or Rocky Mountains, no commonly called the Oregon territory, should, together with its harbours, bays and creeks, and the navigation of all rivers within the same, be ' free and open' t o th e vesse l s, citizenAr and subjects of the two Powers, but without prejudice to any claim which either of the parties might have to ant part of the said country; and with this further provision, i,. 1 the second arti c l e o f th e sa id convention of the sixth ofAuut, eighteen hundred and twenty-seven, that either party might __ abrogate and an nu l sa id convention, on giving due notice of twelve month s t o t h e ot h er contracting party—an"' whereas it has now become desirable that the respective claims of the United States and Great Britain should be definitely settled; and that said territory may no longer than need be remain subject to the evil consequences of the divided allegiance of its American and British population. and of the confusion and conflict of national jurisdictions. dangerous to the cherished peace and good understanding of the two countries. With a view, therefore, that steps b taken for the abrogati on o f th e sa id convention of the 6t h , August, 1827, in th e mo d e prescribed in its 2d article, an d that the attention of the Governments of both countries may be the more earnestly directed to the adoption of all proper measures for the sp ee dy an d am i ca bl e adjustment of the diva' culties and disputes in respect to said territory. "Be it resolved—That the President of the United Stale!" be, and lie hereby is authorised, at his discretion, to give the British Government thenotice required by its said second article, for the abrogation of the said conventien of the 6t ll . of August, 1827." Mr. Allen said the result of the labours of the Committee was to restore in substance, though with some slight varia tion in form and phraseology, the resolutions as they ode" pally passed the Senate. For reasons which he had hereto' fore given, therefore, he would be compelled to record his vote against the adoption of the report of the Committee. After some conversation, the further consideration of_the report was postponed until one o'clock, several Senators not having yet made their appearance. The Senate then, on motion of Mr. Uph am , t oo k u p the Bill for the reiief of John P. Skinner and others, which Wel debated by Messrs. Sevier, Berrien, and Niles, until one o'clock, when it was laid as id e to take up the report of the Committee of Conference. The question being upon concurring in the report of the Committee, Mr. Cameron stated the reason which should in.' fluence his vote in its favour, the substance of which was that being unable to get the naked notice, and deeming the notice of more importance than the form in which it wag authorised, he would go for it in its present shape rather than run the risk of having no notice at all. He expressed himself out and out for 54 40. The question was then taken and the report concurred ins 42 to 10, as follows : AvEs—Messrs. Archer, Ashley, Atherton, Bagby, Barrow'. Benton, Berrien, Calhoun, Cameron, T. Clayton, J. M. Clay- , ton, Colwin, Corwin, Crittenden, Davis, Dix, Evans, Greene. Haywood, Houston, Huntington, Jarnagin, Johnson, Lae Johnson, Md., Lewis, M'Duffie, Mangum, ller, Morehead. Niles, Pearce, Phelps, Pe nn ybacher, Rusk Sevier, Simmons. Speight, Turney, Upham, Webster, Woodbridge, Vulee. NOES.—Messrs. Allen, At c hi son , Breese, Bright, Ca" Dickinson, Fairfield, Jenness, Semple, and Westcott. The French Spoliation Bill was then taken up, and Mr. J. M. Clayton resumed and concluded his remarks in behalf of the justice of the claims. In the House of Representatives, Mr. Boyd, of Ky., offered a resolution to close the debate on the Smithsonian Bill, I an hour and a half after taking it up in Committee of the whole. The resolution was laid on the table, and on motion of gr , Owen, the House went into Committee of whole, and the Bill was taken up. A motion was then made that the Committee rise for the purpose of receiving the report of the Committee of Confer" ence on the Notice resolutions. Mr. C. J. Ingersoll said that according to the proper forte of legislative action, the report should not be made in the House until it had been acted upon by the Senate, and tilere was, therefore, no occasion for the Committee to rise. The motion to rise was withdrawn. Mr. Marsh, of Vermont, spoke for an hour, and advocated the prompt application of the money to the purposes for which it was designed by the donor. He also called the at.- tention of the House to the importance of a choice and exten" sive library, which it would take many years to establish. and which he thought had not been sufficiently estimated by the framers of the Bill. The library of Congress he consi dered sadly deficient in some of the most necessary works of history, astronomy, mechanics, and mathematics. Mr. Morse, of La., defended the Bill as it stood, in pre ference to the plan recommended by Mr. Marsh. The insti tution woull confer great benefits upon the people. The money he regarded as having been held much too long by the Government, and it was a shame that it had not bees expended as was contemplated by the testator. Mr. Chipman, of Mich., opposed the Bill with much v oho" mence. It was an insult to make the offer of this mon ey and it was an act of d egra d a ti on t o h ave accepted it. M t. Chipman concluded his amusing tirade with threats of de; nunciation upon the heads of the 54 40 men, if they dared to yield one inch to British oppression and tyranny. Mr. Bayly, of Va., moved that the Committee rise. Mr. Owen offered a resolution to close the debate i n half fie hour, which was laid en the table. Mr. J. Q. Adams offered a substitute for the whole 8.,_011 the Arkansas, main object of which was t o exact the payment of ' Arkansas, Michigan, and Illinois bonds, in which the legacy had been invested in those States. The Bill in relation to the tonnage duty on canal boats ' then briefly considered, when the Speaker resumed the chew for the purpose of receiving a message from the Senate, e n ,.: 1.l nouncing the concurrence of th a t b o d y in the report of w Committee of Conference. Mr. C. J. Ingersoll then read the report at the cieF desk, and moved that the House concur. a nd The previous question w as d emanded by Mr. Bayley Mr. Brodhead, which was secon d e d , and the main quest[ being put, the report o f th e C omm i ttee was concurred ' It Ayes, 142 ; noes, 46. The following are the nays :—Messrs. Anderson, G. Brown, Cathcart, Chipman, Cobb, Cummins, Cunningharet De Mott, Douglass, Faran, Ficklin, Fries, Gordon, Harmsir son, Henley, Hoge, George S. Houston, James B. mote James H. Johnson, Andrew Johnson, Kennedy, Presto' King, Leib, M'Clelland, M'Clelnand, Morris, Moultatir Norris, Parish, Perrill, Pettit, Rathbun, Reid, Relfe, Sawyer' Scammon, Leonard H. Sims, Thomas Smith, R o bert Smith, Starkweather, St. John, Thurman, Tibbetts, Won t " worth, Wheaton and Wick-46. A motion was made to reconsider, and the House rehtlaa to reconsider, and at an early hour adjourned. WASHINGTON, APRIL 25. It will be the fault of the British Government if a treaty be not made on the (We; question in sixty days from thi s ti me. If it is wise it ...„.tvi" avail itself of the ebb tide h ere, and offer terms at once, wuP" they can be accepted. Wh a t ever terms may be offered, . President will submit for the advice of the Senate. If tn are too exacting, the S enate will show an undivided fro n t Y opposition to it; and, aft er t h at, there will be but one P'^-# to I t f h t e he questionßrit British in Governmentthis country.w action of Congress on the O r e w ait after the notice, for the gon Bill—if, for any resT re they continue their reserve , they may lose the opPort"-- of a pacific and liberal adjustment The present unexpe c i t ; edly moderate policy and measures of the Senate on this su t jest cannot be expected to continue beyond the pres" session. The temper of the people would not permit it. The Senate would now undoubtedly advise that the country be divided b y f orty-nine and the Straits of Fuca ; and I.iief s i t t might even be w illi ng to consent to concede to Great Bni the navigation of the Columbia river for half a century _ so There are som e reasons, as it is understood, f or the opt"' .that the B r iti s h Govornment will make an overture or enn i f . ' one of a reasonable kind. The President, it is...understood, will send out the notice bf the packet of the Ist of May. He will not make all ° W i s h ture, but he will accompa n y it w ith an express i on o f for an amicable and speedy adjustment of the questler, be peating, perhaps, the assurance on that subject whltr_',„. gave through Mr. Buchan an , i n th e l as t correspoluv— with the British Minister. IMPORTANT FROM WASHINGTON. tbe WASHINGTON, APRIL 28.—The B r iti s h Mi n i s ter pr, to Secretary of State a long visit to-d a y. Th e o bj e ct of i i s i r not yet leaked out. The r e seems t o b e ra th er an unusw amongcertain distinguished Senators belonging both t:0 54 40 and 49 parties. We shall h ave th e proclaina t ei nest cria solving the join occupancy, probably to-morrow or n him for the adjustire e t S h h e o ü B I r d i t e l h r. A ß li u n c i s h t a e n r atoll maybe o u ff n e a r b t le o to agree to whatever %ern] . _s f the matter, he will leave the department forthwhhe be succeeded by Andrew Stevenson, of Virginia. xi is „ s i already agreed upon. Mr. Buchanan will never conse nt , for its batsh sign a treaty having less than the 49th pare (From the New York Herald.) LATEST INTELLIGENCE. Our private accounts from Washington are not of th encouraging character, as respects the early ad ju st ment e the Oregon controversy. Mr. Polk is now planed in a roost =beaming attitude between the two wings nt hie Po". 1 rn articles which it produces at the moment at which they speak, and that the public interest commands to have them defended by prohibitive duties against foreign com petition. If this doctrine had been always followed there would be no commerce whatever, and each nation would fabricate all that is necessary for its own consumption. Europe would refuse to purchase from America cotton, sugar, coffee, and spiees ; America, on her side, would reject all articles of European manufacture. Mankind would work much more than they do at present, and would be a hundred times poorer and more wretched. The partisans of free trade, on the contrary, maintain that their real interest calls on nations not to obstinately produce all that is necessary for their own wants, and that it might be advantageous to renounce the partial or even total production of certain ar ticles, and to consecrate to other works their efforts, which would be thus far better rewarded. For our parts we are of opinion that France could at present without loss, and even with profit, diminish the duty on iron, on certain tissue., and some other objects. She would receive a little more of them from foreign countries; she would lose, no doubt, the profits of this fabrication, and it is on that acco un t th a t th e protectionists regret such a reform ; but she would gain double onlanother side, and that they shut their eyes to." The Debats, albeit it is progressing in the right path, has yet much to learn on the subject of political economy. By far the most enlightened views on freedom of trade are those entertained by the Courrier Francais, which, on this subject, is far in advance of its contemporaries. In commenting on the speech of Baron DuPIN, it says : " M. Charles Dupin has charged himself with the manifesto of the pure Anglo-phobic protectionists. M. Ch ar l es D u pi n is as angry against England for having invented the freedom of commerce asfor having abolished slavery. It is well known that M. Charles Dupin maintains that England has granted emancipation to the negroes of the Antilles from no other motive than to ruin the trade of the colonies of all other nations, and insure to herself a monopoly of the seas. M. Charles Dupin goes still further in attacking freedom of trade. He affirms that England has formed a design to ruin and subject the world by means of this detestable liberty, and as a specimen of the condition with which we are threatened he unrolls before our eyes the miseries of Ireland, of Portugal, and of India. It is this commercial liberty which has ruined these three unfortunate countries, as this sage tactician as sures us, with a faltering voice and tears in his eyes; it is commercial liberty that has cast them down from a height of grandeur and fortune into an abyss of misery. Ireland was prosperous while she remained separate from England, Portugal was wealthy before the treaty of Methuen, and India was the land of Arabian Nights' Tales befor e th e in troduction of British cotonnades. The same destiny awaits us, if we open our barriers to the invasion of British pro duce—we shall be inpndated, and our wealth and greatness will be for ever ingulphed in this grand cataclysm. We shall not now make any answer to the arguments of M. Charles Dupin, but content ourselves with observing that if England has been labouring to ruin the other nations of the earth by this commercial liberty, she has at the same time been working out her own ruin ; for the fortune of Eng land is founded upon the exchange she makes of her own productions for those of other countries. Now, if all these unhappy countries are in the end to be ruined, and conse quently become no longer able to supply England with their produce, where will have fled the industry and commerce of Great Britain? What does M. Le Baron Charles Dupin think of this!" On M. GUIZOT'S speech it has the following:— " We shall content ourselves with citing only one of the sophistries of the Government orator. According to M. Guizot, the question of commercial freedom is a question to be discussed between the consumers and the producers. Eco nomists look only at the interests of the consumers while the protectionists consider nothing but the interests of the pro ducers. The duty of Government is to hold an even ba lance between the consumers and producers without suffering it to incline more towards freedom of commerce than to pro tection. We beg M. Guizot's pardon, but this theory, which classes the consumers on one side and the producers on the other, is completely false. The question of freedom of trade is not debated between the consumers and the producers, but between the operatives and the capitalists. To whom are the amelioration of custom-house tariffs beneficial, if they be not to capitalists? Have not these ameliorations the invariable results of increasing factitiously the rent of land and the value of shares in manufacturing undertakings ? If they increased in an equal proportion the wages of the operatives, nothing could be more desirable—no one would have to complain. But is this the case? Have wages in England been ever seen to increase in proportion to the in crease of the value of land? Has in France the pay of the workmen risen with the prices of shares? Undoubtedly not. Nowhere has the protective system raised the level of the salaries of the workmen and labourers ; on the con trary, it has lowered them. both directly and indirectly. In a direct manner, by diminishing everywhere the demand for the consumption of foreign produce, by raising their prices; and in an indirect manner by reducing the quantity of ar ticles of consumption which the workmen might buy with their wages. We therefore repeat that the question of freedom of trade is in debate between the capitalists whose revenues it increases, and the workmen and labourers whose pay and profits it reduces. There is no balance to be held between these two contending interests. All that can be done is to render justice to the injured workmen by destroy ing this machine d'exploitation which the capitalists have devised for their own profit. Commercial liberty is an ab solute theory, for its application alone can make an absolute justice to prevail over the relations between workmen and capitalists. This is what M. Guizot has not comprehended, and ruins his theory." The Presse is ultra-protectionist in its comments on the debate. The adjourned debate on the extraordinary supplies was resumed on Tuesday in the Chamber of Deputies. The Chamber was addressed by MM. DE LAROCIIEJAQUELIN, LEGRAND, and DE MELVILLE, who dilated largely on the misapplication of a portion of the funds asked to the cor ruption of the electors in the provinces. The debate had not concluded when the post left. The KING had received letters of congratulation on his recent preservation from the PorE, the King of the Two SICILIES, the Queen of SPAIN, the Kings of SWEDEN and BAVARIA, the Grand Duke of TUSCANY, and the Grand Dukes of MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ and OLDENBURG. They were presented to his MAJESTY by their respective Ambas sadors and Ministers. The Count D. DANNESKIOLD SAMBOIC, Grand Equerry of the King of DENMARK, had an audience on Monday of the KING, at which he presented to his Majesty the insignia of the Grand Order of the Elephant, in the name of the Danish monarch. The adjudication of the Lyons and Avignon Railway has been fixed, by the Minister of Public Works, for the 10th of June. On Sunday TBRAHIM PACHA visited the Blind School. His Highness, after going through all parts of the build ing, and witnessing the mode of instruction, declared that he had not seen anything in Europe which so much surprised and interested him as this establishment. =On the Bourse the Three per Cents. were for cash, 84f. ; for Ac count, 83f. 95c ; Five per Cents., for cash, 119 f. 90c.; for Account, 119 f. 90c ; Bank of France Shares, 3,430 f. ; Neapolitan, 101 f. 50c. ; Spanish and New Loan, not quoted. RAILWAvs.—The Share-market was heavy, and most of the lines closed lower. For cash—Paris and Orleans closed at 1,242 f. 50c. ; Rouen and Havre, 752 f. 50c. ; Avignon, 905 f. ; Strasburg and Bale, 218 f. 75c. ; Boulogne, 505 f.; Northern, 760 f. 1 Bordeaux, 621 f. 25c. ; 3fontereau, 400 f. ; Paris and Strasburg, 510 f. ; Paris aLd Lyons, 550 f.; Naates, 525 f.; Dieppe, 450 f. ; Fampoux, Yierzon, and Rouen, not quoted. ,BUSINESS DONE _IN __FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, MAY 13. Central of Spain, 114—Dutch Rhenish, 6% —East Indian, •N Great Indian Peninsular, % —Jersey, % —Louvain and Jemappe, 1?,, —Luxombourg, 2 —Madrid and Valentia, I—Namur and Liege, 4 Orleans and Vierson, 16 1 4—Orleans and Bordeaux, 10%— Paris and Lyons Constituted, 7%—Paris and Strasbourg Constituted, 5% Rouen and Havre, 29—Sambre and Meuse, s%—`Vest Flanders, 2%, NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND.—(THIS DAY.) The annual General Meeting of the Proprietors of this Bank was held at the Company's House, 112, Bishopsgate street, to-day, at twelve o'clock. Mr. MELVILLS, having taken the chair, remarked that the report which would be read to the proprietors was shorter than usual, but not the less satisfactory. The posi tion of the bank was favourable; the testimony which had been received from every part of the country was very satisfactory, and he believed that the character which they had acquired would more and more contribute to the advan tage of the business of the bank. As to the operation of the late Banking Act, they had no fault to find with it. He believed that the rapid communication afforded by railways between different parts of the country enabled the business of the country to be carried on with a much smaller circulation. The CHAIRMAN then read the Thirteenth Annual Report, which stated that the business of the Bank had progressed ; that money had continued abundant till towards the close of the year, when a pressure was felt, arising from railway spe culation, which about that time raged to such an extent; that the directors, however, throughout that period had not allowed anything to draw them aside from the proper banking business, and that the Company had thereby been saved the losses which others had been called on to sustain. The accounts showed : Jan. I,lB4s.—undivided profits in the reserve fund £59,678 Dec. 31, —Nett profits, after allowing for bad debts A.moufft divided Balance to go to the reserve fund... £6,790 Total amount of the reserve fund ... X 67,468 The CHAIRMAN moved the adoption of the report, which was seconded and unanimously carried. Messrs. John Hicksman, Patrick Cruickshanks, and Chas. Heaton Ellis, the three retiring directors, were re-elected as members of the board. A desultory conversation arose concerning the local direc tors employed at some of the branches or the Bank and the remuneration which they received, but it ended without any definite result beyond leaving the matter to the discretion of the directors. An HoN. PROPRIETOR suggested for the consideration of the directors whether an alteration of the form of the annual statement to that adopted by the London and Westminster Bank, giving a detailed statement of the capital employed, &c., would not be more comprehensive and complete and more satisfactory to the proprietors? The CHAIRMAN said the form adopted was that of the Provincial Bank of Ireland, and he believed it had been, and would continue to be, satisfactory. A vote of thanks to the Chairman and directors was una nimously passed. When a vote of thanks had been passed to Mr. Robertson, manager and agent, the meeting separated. CHELTENHAM COLLEGE.-Sir James L. Lushington, ono of the vice-presidents of this institution, has expressed his inten tion of presenting the College with a cadetahlp, to be given to the he ;t pupil In the modern department. ettienins Ant LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY 14, 1846. We have hitherto taken no part in the discussion on the Ten Hours' Bill for various reasons. It is one of the most difficult questions, if not the most difficult, that can be brought before the Legislature. It requires a great deal of practical knowledge of the system of labour in factories, of the nature of the work to be performed, the fatigue in curred, the difference between a certain number of hours of work fully employed, and a larger number of hours of work in which the full energy of the operatives is not exerted, though the vast machinery is going on in the most efficient way; the difficulty of finding hands to work additional time in case the prosperity of trade should greatly increase; and even with the knowledge of all these facts, it might be impossible to anticipate with anything like precision what might be the result of a change which will affect nearly one million of labourers, and interfere with the most gigantic and expen sive machinery in the world. Persons unacquainted with such complicated operations may therefore be excused from giving any decided opinion on the subject, and we are the more confirmed in this opinion from the very diversity of lodgments pronounced by persons who should be best in formed. The Bill is opposed by the Government chiefly we believe, from a reluctance to interfere with the regulations of the master manufacturers, or to control in any way, by legislative enactments, the use of capital. We do not blame them for this caution, because experience shows that nothing is so dangerous to the prosperity of any particular trade, or undertaking, or speculation, as laws decreed by absolute monarchs, or even popular assemblies, which may bind down the masters or the men to a specific course of operation. Some trades cannot be touched without ultimate ruin. For these reasons, pro bably, such men as Mr. LABOUCHERE and others, who have attained the rank of statesmen, may be opposed to the Bill. The master manufacturers, one may suppose, would be opposed to it unanimously, because they naturally dislike all interference, and are inclined as much to rebel against the office of factory inspector as against the abridge ment of the hours of labour. But the Bill for the appoint ment of inspectors has been found to work well ; it affords some protection to the ill-used operative, who previously had absolutely no protection whatever, and might be treated with the utmost cruelty by an overseer or a master with ab solute impunity. The master now finds that he gains rather than loses by treating those under him like rational beings, and that men who are well used are both toore willing and more able to perform their work. Under sues a conviction some of the largest manufacturers are in favoo.r of the measure, for, con trary to what might is priori be taken for granted, the masters are by no means unanimous on the subject. The Bill has been brought in by one of the most distinguished cotton manufacturers of I , ;ngland, by a man who has amassed great wealth, thoug'n he always treated his men well, and did not fear to compete with others, though he en forced less strictly his power. The authority of such a man is of tenfold importance when compared with that of Lord ASHLEY, or any other humane but uninformed innovator. Besides, if we are not mistaken, Mr. FIELDEN has worked his way from the condition of a labourer to his present envi able position, and cannot fail, therefore, to be thoroughly acquainted with the nature of the employment, the debility caused by over-working, and the consequent loss to the master; and it may also be presumed that he is as likely to forsee the results of the proposed change as any cotton-spinner in Yorkshire or Lancashire. But there is another equally important witness in its favour, one who has admitted in the House that he bad gone through all the grades of the sys- teen, that he had worked himself as a common operative, and had been subjected to the tender mercies of an overseer or superintendent, armed with a billy-roller. These are strong authorities when balanced even with the most learned and confident political economists. But even these cannot in any way agree as to the amount of mischief which this Bill will inflict. Sir JAMES GRAHAM calculates that the change would reduce the profits of the manufacturer by 16 per cent. Mr. LABO OCHER E agrees with him, and estimates the loss at one-sixth ; while Mr. DENNISTOUN seems afraid to calculate, and merely foretels that the results will be " most disastrous." Mr. W. COWPER did not an- ticipate any diminution in the produce. When such division prevails among men of experience, and who profess to be well acquainted with the subject, writers in newspapers may well be allowed to hesitate. From all accounts the operatives themselves are in favour of the measure ; and as they seldom have a " say " in the deliberations of Parliament, and a brief experiment could not cause much injury, they might be indulged for once to prove that they are not altogether unrepresented. From the Parliamentary votes for this evening we observe that the Hon. Member for Birmingham, Mr. SPooNER, will, immediately subsequent to the termination of private busi ness, move that a Select Committee be formed to consider the petitions of Mr. TOULMLN SMITH, and the papers pre sented to the House relative to the case stated in those petitions. In the question thus submitted to the investi gation of the Legislature is involved one of the leading principles of our Constitution —a principle, indeed, upon the maintenance of which rests not merely the stability, but the very existence of perhaps the most vaunted and the most cherished among what are usually termed our birth rights as Englishmen. It appeals to every individual mem ber of the community, being a matter of the most essen tially public character; and in bringing it before Parliament the petitioner is not only vindicating his own prerogatives as an English citizen, but he is vindicating the prerogatives of every one of his fellow-countrymen, and is striving for the preservation (?) of one of the noblest and most valuable boons an inhabitant of the British Isles is supposed to pos sess. Every student of BLACKSTONE is familiar with the prin ciple here implied, the principle through the operation of which every householder in the United Kingdom would enjoy as great security both to himself and his 'pos sessions, as though he were girt about by impregnable forti fications, and filled with the exultation, at which reflection the great commentator, in his fourth volume, page 223, revels in the idea that " every Englishman's house is his castle ►" Repeatedly, however, as this boast is upon our lips, we have been compelled, again and again, to pause in its very utter ance—a dubious suspicion of its emptiness has invaded our minds—and we are brought at last to the blunt question, t htehecroen tr e a r r e y, e o n f a r v e ery Is this really the case? Do we, in truth, possess immunities of this nature? Are our houses castles? Or, vul nerable not Unhappilyf facts, which too fullythe merely arguments, but . a of eur prove boast. d rights , are no t those description?vaunt The case of WILKES— so remote, and of itself so im portant as to become invested;rid the fallacy matter beyond all doubt, as torical transaction—places of our .. scep p t i i iA concerned. The case of n en c ism e o s w with the dignity of an his•. more important Mr. JosiwA Totgzas Suala far as an obnoxious demagoguetlle (infinitely NEW NOVEL, BY THE AUTHOR OF " MOUNT SOREL." New ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., EMILIA W Y N D H A M. By the Author of " TWO OLD MEN'S TALES," " MOUNT SOREL," &c. " Emilla Wyndham is a masterpiece. The characters are real, and the whole story a delightful combination of the natural, the pas sionate, and the wise."—Examiner. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.