The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-29 00:00:00

ART -UNION ill LONDON, Established 1837. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 10th Victoria, 1846. PRlsinzicrllLs Royal '' , ..ighness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE. Vica-Passinasrs. ill Moat N.Oble the Marquis of Northampton, P.R.S. • 1 . 120 Right Hon. the Lord Prudhoe. The Right Hon. the Lord 31onteagle. Comsat.. 4 • 4 4 Right Hon. the Earl of Arun T, Charles Harrison, Esq., F.R.S. 41 and Surrey. F.G.S. 1511 Atildjo, Esq.,R& F. iealtarry, pq:; Edward F.S.A. Hawkins, Esq., F.R 3. 1 4 %1_, Bell, F.R.S. Henry Hayward, Esq.; will Britton, Req., F.S.S. H e n r y Th omas H ope, Esq. Cabbell, Esq., M.P. r.n.s., William Leaf, Esq. William C. Macready, Esq. uttli Rev. Edward Coleridge. Thos. P. Matthew, Esq. Collard, Esq. The Rev. H. H. Mllman. r „ lt abort II Dicksott, Esq., M.D. F.L.S. Richard M orr i s , E sq . idea John Dimond, Esq, John Noble, Egg., F.S.A. ,iuesorge Dodd, Esq., M.P. L ew i s Pocock, Esq., F.S.A. LIU/Dias L. Donaldson, Eaq. Mr. Sergeant Thompson, F. S.A. ~.'ae Lord Bishop of Ely. R. Zoueh S. Troughton, Esq. uliam Ewart, Esq., M.P. Samuel Wilson, Esq., Alderman. v elonel Fox, M.P. Edward Wyndham, Esq. !tam 8. GaSkoin, Esq. Thomas Wyse, Esq., M.P. vso, Godwin, Esq., It .R.S. F.S.A. 4,1 1 15 Council have much satisfaction in announcing to the public ; n uat the Charter granted under the Act passed in the last session of c_ 4ll lament has received the great seal, and that the Art-Union of ndott is now a corporate body, with all the rights and privileges wet, to belonging. The - Council feel assured that, the Society being thud placed on a ,rM and permanent basis. a gr ea t ex t en ,i on of its beneficial opera .tOns will result, and that many will be indtlead to oin who have lebeen hitherto deterred by doubts of itsi legality or permanency ; the Council, f ee li ng th at the existence of the Society is no o tifil bger precarious, will be authorised to make all such prospective ringementa as may be desirable ; and it will be their anxious en tut.4avour so to apply the means at the Society's disposal as to carry the moat effectual m anner t h e great objects it has in view— ..e d issemination of a knowled ge an d l ove of art, the improvement bet tbe general taste, and the consequent elevation of the flue arts and Professors. rolScheme of prttes for the present year will embrace, in addi etonthe usual proportion of works, to be selected by the prize ntata IT. Bronze, from an original figure o f " I r i s A scen di ng ," txpressly yfor the Society, by Mr. W. B. Kirk. , alts in Iron, from a reduced copy by Mr, Nixon, if a figure of 'aftlia, in the British Museum. S tatuettea in Porcelain, f rom an or i g i na l f i gure called " Inno elce," made expressly for the Society, by Mr. J. H. Foley; and ...Medals in Silver, by Mr. W. Wilson, commemorative of Flax 111 continuation of the series already commenced by the So waty, 1 4 . 1 1 7 , 3' Member will receive a pair of prints—" The Last Ern i. ate. and " Th e Neapolitan 'Wedding," engraved by Mr. Charles t.OllB and Mr. F. A. Heath respectively, after T. Uwins, R.A , with l get of engravings in outline from seven of the cartoons submitted ~.ce hiMpetit cal ion for for r the premium of 3001. offered by the Society for storie . a nbeeriptiout for the present year are now due. By order, GEORGE GODWIN, HOn. Secretaries . LEWIS POCOCK, 4 , Trafalgar -square, Dec. 24,1546. tNGLISH and SCOTTISH LAW LIFE ASSURANCE and LOAN ASSOCIATION. 12 . Vlaterleo-place, London; 119, Princes-street, Edinburgh. Established in 1839. Subscribed Capital, One Million. LIFE ASSURANCE, ANNUITIES, REVERSIONS, AND ENDOWMENTS. union of the English and Scottish Principle of Assurance. I tIe C OMPREHENSIVE and LIBERAL SYSTEM of LOAN in Von with Life Assurance, on undoubted personal or other 44 . Amaral participate in two-thirds of the profits. J. BILL WILLIAMS, Actuary. 'ATIONAL LO/N FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, COItNIIILL, LONDON. Capital £400,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. Institution embrace* libportant and substantial advantages reiPect to Life Attlltances and Deferred Annuities. The assured I tle: t all occatitllle, the power to borrow, without expense er for lb% ;of two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ; ttfi,, 4 option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in -24 to meet otter conveniences or necessity. hitZ . 4 rdnce,s tbr terms of years are granted en the lowest possible DIVISION OF PROFITS. /he remarkable :access and teaming prosperity of the Society e nabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to de,elare - Y ll l bonus, varying fr om ' 35 to 85 per cent. ea the premiums paid "'eh FOlicy effected on the Profit scale. EXAMPLES. R. . Premium. i 4 Bonus Bonnets g Assured added.. Cash. may p ; EDITOR. 4 r s. d. ra r 5! .121 7 15 „zIo. 0 11,A16 0 4 .f 445 L 4 1839! 1 1:5 2 1 3 1 11' 0 747 1 4 1 13 10 21 395 11 1 9 1 2 1. 346 2 ,1888; L 4 /11839, tlB4c) 18411 £217 15 1 112 3 0 16S 11 10 116 7 6 111 6 8 XlOO 0 11 87 1 4 74 1 9, 54 0 10 ' 4910 9! A 11; 0 41 13 10 2 1 11 3 lj 7 18 lt 7 IS 4' Ix44s I 0 395 11 1 346 2 2 296 12 4 247 4 5 be t „i n ursision of profits is annual, and the neat will be made in her of the preseat year. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX. Secretary. ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR k . t c ~ ANCE SOCIETY. oL 26, Cornhill, Dec. 24, 1846. .t h, t e is hereby given that the Half-yearly Interest, at the rate Blte „ th e Per Cent. per annum on the Capital Stock of this Society. Zilt;i t t i llt 31st ithitant, Will become payable on the I ith January e e ', t i t &Metall May receive the earns on application at this eu.' °n , that; at any subsequent day, between the hours of Mg Three o'clock. By order of the Directors, `_------ Y. FERGUSON CA3fROUX, Secretary. ItECT BOMBAY and MADRAS RAIL- AeT WAY. an nh "*" - The FIRST HALE YEAR'S INTEREST, at 4 per cent. I, ' re -ra, Contititta to be PAID till the 111 st inst. Seripholders tll. I lted tti . reit ft,,, PfaSent their Scrip at the offices of the Company 'OWL? nOtlrs of Twelve and Three, when it will be stamped and lt paid at the same time. °Mg By order; JAMES WARD, Secretary. Of the ethillittily, 58, Feneharch-street. NII I ICE is hereby given, that MARY COL , 1 ,...v 5 ,. EN 41 . 1. 5, of MoriCe TOitn, in the borough of Devonport in the evon i9it , gr?cer, dealer, and th ch 4 a t p h m d a a n, h of as N b o y ye l m N bearing~~df ASSIGNMENT, a : ~y,, f 1 made between the as + d authColliens of th y e first part, of the borough of Plymouth. in the said county, tTh the second part; and the several other persons whose and seals are thereunto subscribed and met, being severally es...a Of the said Mary Collins, of the third part, assigned all and trY of the stock in trade, goods, wares, and merchandises, and house " goods and furniture, book debts, sum and SUMS of money, and every other the personal estate and effects whatsoever and , q eresover of her the said Mary C o lli ns , f o r the benefit of all her Loditer., that filch Was duly exe cu t e d b y th e s aid Mary Collins and ztnacid Downing on the said 4th day of November last ; the exe ba *htfeOf was attested by James Gilbard, of Devonport afore 0311eitkr, and John Coiling; Avent, his clerk. A - UE BREAD COMPANY. 'lv bi il ,, e rectors of the above Company beg to inform the Public kl‘ iltb4 t riSakery, upon an extensive scale, Is being erected is St. I:_tAL e et, Clritsnirell, and will shortly be completed. To meet iqtrltl§(l demand made upon them for " Pure nnadultered D t ! , t ‘ e Directors are selecting Depots in all parts of the Metro b. Get o . tof which will be published with the kgent's nameg. The e t re b4 l think it necessary to caution the Public, that some shops lit' 4 ,l3ity n °Deflect tinder a colourable imitation of the name of the Pk s e , . Withdut the authority of the Board, and that they must 4 1 ,16 n , tt1 d Tevensible for the quality of the Bread gold therein. et given instructions to their Solicitors to take the necessary to Put a atop tit Such practices. °. lean BY Order, EDWARD PARRATT, Secretary. man -walk, New Broad-street, City. ,WESTMINSTER NEW BRIDGE. lirld The Lambeth Committee for opposin the Removal of the ai to aring-cross, Comm ittee for opposin the Removal of the seed Charing..o re q uest that any communication may be reased them at th ,,, e New Inn Hotel, Bridge-road, Lambeth. 117 °--e; W. 11. MILLER, Hon. Sec. c_RIVESEND STAR PAC ET S. and BLACKWALL .4 141 d elay eat and nail Pool included is On e P aymeet, avoiding the danger d of the . l e , 4, P the Brunswick Wharf, Blackwell, at 914, lei, 7% 1,3, 4, and let Isil unaays, at 94, 11, I%,The Trains starting one quer -411 hour before each of these times. , ti, ‘-,_," Terrace Pier. Gravesend, at 7;., av oh , ~ -7 4. 11 %, 1,3, and I,, , r„uhdays, at 8%, 11%, 1,3, and 5 . . .u.--v kets at the Grays or Greenhithe Piers. li t , , • other pac ~...LrOfflce, Gravesend D ec . 28, 1846. 114 VMS'S CANDLES, 6d. per lb. ; Itotti,a'Pe rit, la. ild • Yellow Soap, 485., 54 5. , and 60 s. per 1 12Ihe ine • ; ' II.," • •' 608 and 64e.; . Wax Candles. la. per lb. ; G erman Wax, 4 iry • lie Wax, le. sd. ; Transparent Wax, Is. 10d. ; G enu i ne i 7 e ler, I s * ; Waxed-wick Moulds, 7d.; Sperm Oil, Bs. per gallon ; ) t ;:111 3 ., 4 ., Pale Beal, 4s. ; Argend, or Vegetable, 4s. 6d.; Wind t fie ' Roal), Is. 4d. per packet ; Brown Windsor, Is. 9d ; 1 Almond is. 6d. ; Sealing Wax, 4s. 6d.; Hale's Paragon IP ° she k c.A . rklttiring no snu ffi ng, 914(1. rer lb. 4, 14;•,",___. -- -At DAVIES'S Old Established Warehouse. 63, St. *.• `.......„=„1' a e , opposite slaughter's Coffee-house. A_PLATE SUITED FOR PRESENTATION. ..ts. SAVORY and SONS, Manufacturing el lversiniths, No. 14, Cornhill, London, opposite the Bank net Am Y• of ,„ submit for inspection in their show-rooms, every vad a,th si t rt;VEß PLATE adapted for this purpose, embossed an 40 ‘ .. abr as :c.er!, Silver Tea Trays, Silver Centres, ypergnes , and Can )ta,"D Ti tre ' e une Coolers, Dinner Services, including Corner Dishes, 44 '4 1 C 431 B ce. ; Bread and Cake Baskets , S i l ver Sailing and ,„actioh n - Pa ; Silver I n k s t an d s from 101. to 401. always rea d y for tok, "a any of the the i abo kve ngdom. arti are sent for the approva l o f to Parts of cles J .lll ' ll )Y'S PATENT OPEN FIRE L otit (T- EsTim , VENTILATING STOVE. r iro n , t ,,_ "NUL AFTER ONE WINTER'S TRIAL.) B ePhy 4 ,71ev• Matthew O'Brien (Professor of Natural Philo -1 is. I tronomy). M.A., F.R.S., & c.., Kings College b beg to Upper Norwood, June 92. il il l m . ~_Acittif7 that one of Mr. Candy's Patent Stoves was co p m u! tilt slope tire room at King's College, last year, in place of a h sits. k cl il lo ,„,,,rf Arnott's construction, I believe). I have no e s ar I : : :Deti f , i; c 7 k r• from actual experience, that Mr. Cuudy 5 Stove 1 rfo ettilgcenth i nProducing warmth over the whole room, and in p .44101 4 Without disagreeable currents of air or close smell. 1 'Ph u! Rt e . , MATTHEW O'BRIEN. e -..11-s a ". „ - .., he had of Messrs. Dowson, 69, Welbock-street, Ca `'"--...........1740, where they may be seen la operation. ..._ • D E r „,: rE k t ,,, i litOWS MOUSTACHIOS, and WHIS- I l ren m --- ,-Produced'in a few weeks, and Baldness removed and "Y the use of GRIMSTONE'S AROMATIC REGENE- Zia* 'tn essential spt, drawn from aromatic herbs and flowers, )1 4 'st ar's, er which cure headache in a few minutes ; it 15 also a 7415. - 'l n tfilt, fragrant toilet perfume. Sold oily in triangular 1 —. Arot t e . • ; ec dby the Government stamp, at 4s. ; double the slaw. IDi• 4l double this size, 1 is. each ,• enclosed in A Pamphlet, son; .44,,,t tes timonials of undoubted authority, entitled Three Minutes Ity; os on the Growth and Preservation of the Hanson hair, tee." 301,. t, 75. 11d„ and 125., for money orders Highgate, tottAm who only at Grimstone's Herhary, Highgate, near Olio n'a and b y M essrs. Barclay and Son. Parringdon-street ; Sanger, el-street ; Messrs. Butler and Co., Cheapelde ; Fisher and Teller, -street n ; Mr. Johnston. medicine warehense, 63, Cernhill k. Y. all' hemista, Perfnmers and others For Xdinburgb, J. and thZunies, Leith- wa lk ; for Ma' - '"effice. cheater, ereache and Son, Adver TO TR) LADI/111. iiTZhia lady had the following letter Inserted In the "Times" news sr en Aug. 7, 1846. Reeder, remember, this letter was put into 7.lePer by the lady herself. as a testimony to me. ta m " 11 ,, • Weekley, of No. 3. Swa n - street, Borough, takes this oppor gata-' ° l . Uublicly thanking Mr. W. Brimstone, of the Herbal'''. High- Isitt 4 4 4 the efficacy of his Aromatic R egenerator, in haying cern arul the stored estored the hair on her head, after using It about four months, t ev er Whole of her hair is much stronger and mere luxuriant than rii ir es before the baldness appeared. We ekhlY inserts this testimony to the virtues of Mr. G.'s 1, -- -e• feeling assured that many ladies would gladly purchase lsvn—enBCeb6. ntotoinf ltyhely theauk beq lady nervous headache ; p as a toilet perfume It is far she w ill foal a pleasure in answering any of r'''Pectability to . the above facts.— 3, Swan-street, Borough." or turning grey, a few dr eh ..-o.es of the hair becoming thin, weak , e 'te r r o r the crown of the head occasionally, every w eek, . will pra ting, rt it turni e hair c rown coming away with the comb, make it strong, and spang grey, rendering the hair luxuriant an surlyg., the 4 1r •11 your hairbrush before brushing the hair, Will g ive th tite - "'eneY, causing it to curl. ra t , et rnost delicate ladies may use this delightful spitedruct if the 6 dot h . ! re tell* herbs and flowers with confidence refreshing th e lt r a„oYes headache and makes it a most necessary companion 4 th e uet. cases of nevous headache, pour ten or twelve drops hees r e re of the head; if very bad, repeat it every quarter of an r Cue In most eases relief is certain in Von minutes. It produces It t.a vii In a It sari on infanta' /I,iTi co o ba., sucl, a peculiar voliriq inuutn,l on the br a t u a s t o pre ) thi: t v i ; l t is,ZL o as as proo4utiog the icrubvtil of lei uw addressed to WMlsan Orintetone lierbery, Illstgate. COLLIEWS ROXBURGIIE RA L " )B. with Wood-cuts, Ile. On Friday next will be published, in fcp. 4to. -- .__ b ee t manner, boards, or Ms. appropriately bound in morocco, in the by RaYdaY. A BOOK OF ROXBURGHE BALLADS. Edited by JOHN PA.YNE COLLIER, Esq. London : Longman, B r rn. Green, and Longmans• UNIFORM WITH NOVELS. THE OLD ENGLISH GENTLEMAN ; or the Fields and the Woods. By JOHN MILLS. New Edition, revised. Price 6s. bound. " A in" Chnewronicle and compact edition of a racy and hearty book,"—Moru . - Also, by the same Author, CHRISTMAS In the OLDEN TIME ; or the Wassail Bowl. Illustrated by Linton. Price is., elegantly bo wid. " A most delightful description of Christmas merry-nkking olden time."—Sunday Times. In the „.4-: • ::1A11,1;\ 1 4$ , . . 0.01 • At , : fp VL. 4 - 4 :140 lr • •4, 4 1 1 -• , *-1 1 it , • -”- tv• .7 , ,94. 1 4, 1 411 , • 1. "9, ,• 1t f 0.4 .„ , ' ' utoir. VIII. And whereas it is by the said recited Act among other things enacted, that it shall be lawful for us, by such letters patent as first aforesaid, to prohibit the grant or appropriation of any public money by either of the said Assemblies, or by the said General Assem bly, in any case in which such grant or appropriation shall not first have been recommended by us, on our be half, with a view to, or in aid of, some specific public service to be performed within the said provinces re pectively, or within the said islands of New Zealand collectively ; now, therefore, in further pursuance of the said recited act, and in exercise of the powers thereby in us vested as aforesaid, we do hereby prohibit the grant or appropriation of any public money by either of the said Assemblies, or by the said General Assembly, in any case in which such grant or appropriation shall not first have been recommended by us,or on our behalf, with a view to or in aid of, some specific public service to be pel formed within the said provinces respectively, or within the said islands of New Zealand collectively. IX. And whereas by the said letters patent of the 16th day of November, in the fourth year of our reign, we did reserve to us, our heirs and successors, full power and authority from time to time to revoke, alter, or amend the same as to us or them should seem meet ; now, therefore, in exercise and pursuance of the powers so reserved to us, we do hereby revoke the said last-men tioned letters patent: provided always, that all laws and ordinances made and all acts done under and in pur suance of the said last-mentioned letters patent, in so far as such laws, ordinances, and acts, are not repugnant to these presents, and do not interfere with, or prevent the operation thereof, shall be as valid and effectual as though these presents had not been made. X. And we do hereby require and enjoin, that the said General Assembly of New Zealand, and that the said respective Assemblies of the said respective pro vinces,ake and statute s , s a i d and recoirtdedinaAnccest, as by the said recited Act they are severall y authorised an d empowered to make and enact, and that the course of proceeding to be followed in the said General Assem msh shall, enact in all pursuance u s r u s c u h a nce laws, of the Assem bly, and in the said Assemblies of the said respective provinces, in regard to the making and enactment of such laws, statutes, and ordinances, shall be according to such rules as are in that behalf prescribed and provided for in the said instructions hereinbefore mentioned. XI. And we do further authorise and require the Governor of each of the said provinces to summon as an executive souncil for each of the said provinces respec tively such and so many persons as are for that purpose appointed or designated by us in the said instructions hereinbefore mentioned, or as shall at any time here after be by us appointed or designated in any other in structions under our signet or sign manual addressed to him in that behalf. XII. And we do hereby authorise, empower, and re quire the Governor-in-Chief of New Zealand, and the re spective Governors of each of the said provinces respec tively, to keep and use a public seal for the sealing of all things whatsoever that shall pass the seal of the said General Government, or the seal of either of the said provinces respectively. XIII. And we do hereby grant to the respective Go vernors of the said provinces respectively full power and authority, with the advice and consent of the Execu tive Council of the said respective provinces, from time to time, to issue a proclamation or proclamations di viding the same into counties, hundreds, towns, town ships, and parishes, and to appoint the limits thereof respectively. XIV. And we do hereby give and grant to the respec tive Governors of the said provinces respectively full power and authority to make and execute, in our name and on our behalf, under the public seal of the said re spective provinces, grants of waste land to us belonging within the same, either to private persons for their own use and benefit, or to any persons, bodies politic or cor porate, in trust for the public uses of our subjects there resident, or any of them. XV. Provided always, that in the exercise cf the powers last aforesaid the respective Governors of the said provinces respectively shall strictly conform to and observe the rules for their guidance prescribed in and by the said instructions hereinbefore mentioned. XVI. And we do hereby authorise, empower, and re quire the respective governors of the said provinces respec tively, from time to time, in our name and on our behalf, to constitute and appoint judges, and, in cases requisite, commissioners of oyer and terminer, justices of the peace, and other necessary officers for the administration of justice within the said respective provinces, and for the putting in force therein all laws made or to be made for the government thereof, and all such officers as may be requisite for the due administration of the civil go vernment therein. And we do further authorise the same governors, as occasion shall require, to suspend from the exercise of his office or employment, until our pleasure shall be known, any person or persons within their respective provinces holding an y public office or employment therein at our pleasure. XVII. Provided always that in the exercise of such ion of public officers, power of appointme n t a nd suspens of New Ulster," end the "Province of New Dinftgter ; " and we do hereby divide the said islands accordingly ; and we do hereby constitute and establish a separate assembly within each of the said two provinceS, to con sist of and be holden by a Governor, Legislativec_gras. , ;i cil, and a House of Representatives ; and we deeltee4x7okAll declare, ordain, and appoint, that the limits of the said provinces ipspectively, and the time at which, in each of the said provis:ces respectively, the said assemblies shall be convened or he' idea, shall be det erm i ne d i n t h e manner and form prescribe and provided for in and by th e sa id ei, instructions hereinbefer: mentioned. IV. And whereas it is 1 0 , - . the said recit e d A c t f urt h er enacted, that each of the said le2:zislative Councils, wh en constituted, shall consist of such parsons as we s h a ll f or that purpose appoint; and that the eles:tions of the mem bers of the s a id H o us e s of R e p re s e ntat i M shall take place in such manner and form, and under such _regula tions as shall for that purpose be prescribed in any such letters patent as aforesaid ; now, therefore, in fuether pursuance and exercise of the powers aforesaid, we do hereby grant, appoint, and ordain, that the said Leggy lative Councils shall consist of such persons as are foie [bat purpose appointed or designated by us in the said° instructions hereiebefore mentioned, and that the elec tions of members of the said Houses of Representatives reipectively shall take place in the manner_ and form, and under the regulations prescribed and p rovided for , in and by th e sa id i nstructions hereinbefore mentioned. -V. And whereas it is by the said recited Act further enacted, that it shall be lawful for us, in and by any such letters patent to be issued as aforesaid, to constitute and establish a General Assembly in and for the said islands of New Zealand, to be called the General Assembly of New Zealand, which said General Assembly shall consist of, and be holden by, the Governor-in- Chief cf the said islands, and a Legislative Council, and a 'Luse of Representatives ; and that such Le gislative Council shall cons'st, of such persons as we shall for that purpose appoint; and that such House of Representatives shall consist of members of the respec tive Houses of Representatives of the several provinces into which the said islands may be divided ; which mem bers, so to serve in the said General Assembly, shall be elected, nominated, and appointed by such persons, in such manner and form, and upon and subject to such rules and conditions as we, by any such letters patent as aforesaid, shall direct ; now, therefore, in further pursuance of the said recited Act, and in exercise of the powers thereby in us vested, we do hereby constitute and establish a General Assembly in and for the islands of New Zealand, to b e ca ll e d a‘the General Assembly of New Zealand," and to consist of, and to be holden by, the Governor-in-Chief of the said islands, a Legislative Council, and a House of Representatives ; and we do hereby grant, appoint, and ordain, that the Legislative Council of the said General Assembly of New Zealand shall consist of such persons as are for that purpose ap pointed or designated by us in the said instructions hereinbefore mentioned ; and that the House of Repre sentatives of the said general Assembly shall consist of members of the respective Houses of Representatives of the said provinces, to be for that purpose elected, nominated, and appointed by the persons appointed or designated, and in the manner and form prescribed and provided for in and by the said instructions hereinbefore mentioned. VL And whereas it is by the said recited Act further enacted, that it shall be lawful for us, by any such letters patent, to be issued as first aforesaid, to make and pre scribe all such rules as to us shall seem fit, for ascer taining the qualifications of the members of any such Assemblies or General Assembly as aforesaid, and for determining the length of time for which every such Assembly or General Assembly shall be holden from the , time of the election of the members of the said Houses of Representatives, and how and by what authority the same shall be dissolved or prorogued, and for prescribing the oaths to be taken or the affirmation to be made by the members of the said Corporations, Assemblies, or General Assembly, or any of them, before entering on the discharge of the duties of their respective offices, and for prescribing the course of proceeding to be followed in the said respective Assemblies and in the said General Assembly, in regard to the "enactment of laws, statutes, and ordinances therein, and for determining in what cases the Governor-in-Chief for the time being of the said islands of New Zealand, or the-Governor for the time being of any separate province, shall, in our name and on our tehalf, assent to any such laws, statutes, or ordinances, or reserve the signifies- ye tion of our pleasure thereon, together with all such rules as shall be necessary for determining the effect of the disallowance by us of any such law, statute, or ordinance, although not so reserved as aforesaid, together with all such other rules, not being re pugnant to the said Act, as it may seem to us neces sary to make and establish for carrying into full effect the purposes and objects thereof; now, therefore, in further pursuance of the said Act, and in exercise of the powers so thereby vested in us as aforesaid, we do hereby declare our pleasure to be that upon and in respect to all and each of the matters and things last mentioned and referred to in the said recited Act, such rules shall be observed and followed as are for those several purposes prescribed or referred to in the said instructions herein before mentioned. VIL And whereas it is by the said recited Act further enacted, that it shall be' lawful for us, by any such letters patent as first aforesaid, to appropriate and set apart from and out of the revenues of any such separate pro vinces as aforesaid, by way of civil list, for the mainte nance of the administration of justice, and the principal officers of the civil Government, or of such separate provinces as aforesaid, such sums of money as shall not exceed 6,000/. by the year, in any one of the said separate Governments ; now, therefore, in pursuance of the said Act, and in exercise of the powers thereby vested in us, 'we do hereby appropriate and set apart from and out of the revenue of each of the said separate provinces re spectively, by way of civil list, for the purposes last aforesaid, the sum of 6,0001. in each of the said Govern ments respectively ; which said several sums of 6,0001. shall, in each of the said Governments respectively, be appropriated and applied, - and accounted for in the manner and form for that purpose appointed and pre scribed in and by the said instructions hereinbefere mentioned. • LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING No. 16,935. rfIRANSIT FOR THE MILLION. NORWICH ECONOMIC CONVEYANCE COMPANY, (Registered Previsionally,) For the conveyance of passengers and small parcels to and from all parts of the city and its environs, at stated intervals during the day, at twopence each ; with power of extension to other towns in Norfolk and Suffolk, upon the principle of the companies already formed in London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birkenhead, tee., &o. Capital 200,0001., divided into 40,000 shares of 6/. each. . . . Deposit 6d. per share, being all the Aet of PA-fiament All)ws to be taken upon shares of this amount. The Company is to be considered formed when 20,0110 shares Are subscribed for. Directors to be chosen from the shareholders. The call on complete re:titration not to exceed as. per share. No shareholder to be liable beyond the amount of his shares. TRUSTERS. Samuel Bignold, Esq. J Ferdinand Ives, Esq. PROVISIONAL DIRECTORS. Jeremiah Colman, Esq., the Henry Chamberlin, Esq. Mayor of Norwich. Edward Willett, Esq. Charles Winter, Esq., the Sheriff John Wright, Esq. of Norwich. John Billing Barnard, Esq. Baas-atm.—Messrs. gurneys and Birkbeck, Norwich. SoLiCtrois.-2dessrs. Rackham, Cooke, and Rackham, Norwich. SICItETAItT (pro. tem.)—Charles S. Gillman, Esq. Offices, St. Giles-street and Bethel-street, Norwich.. Prospectuses and further information may be obtained of Messrs. Bockhorn, Cooke, and Bockhorn, St. Giles-street, and C. S. Gillman, Esq., Bethel-street, Norwich, and aLas of the fol lowing sharebrokers :—Richard Clark and Co., 1, Austin Friars, Broad-street, London; Thomas Barber, Esq., Royal Bank-buildings, Liverpool ; Thomas Tootal, Esq., Marsden-street, Manchester ; Messrs. Tootal, Bluff, and Flint, Leeds ; and Messrs. Grayston and Earle, York, at whose respective offices forms of application for shared may be had, VRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY. Price 2§ 6d., contains— _ _ . _ _ 1. The Past, the Present, and the Coming. 2. Rhymes for Christmas, English and Latin. 3. Scenes in the Wilds of Mexico. Cayetano the Contrabandist*. 4. Favourite Haunts and Rural Studies. 5. The Sacrificed. A Tale of Ancient Rome. 6. Gatherings from Spain, by the Author of "The Hand-Book of Spain." 7. A Word or Two about Mark Antony. S. A Legend of Forfarshire. Part I. 9. Literary Legislators. No. I. Mr. B. Disraeli. Part I. 0. Touching Head's Book and Canada. By Morgan Rattler, Esquire, M.A., An A pprent•ce of the Law. 1. A Grumbler about Christmas Books. By M. A. Titmarsh. •, W. Nickisson, 215, Regent-street, London. T HE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLVII. will be published on SATUADAT next. CONTENTS: I. THE MARQUIS of MONTROSE. 11. TALES by a BARRISTER. 111. PRESENT STATE of SCIENCE—FARADAY'S DIS COVERIES. IV. THE RAGGED SCHOOLS. V. THE STUARTS in ITALY. VI. GIL VICENTE—PORTUGUESE DRAMA. ♦II. IRELAND. VIII. DIVISION of PROPERTY in FRANCE. John Murray, Albemarlo-atroet. UNITED SERVICE MAGAZINE, and NA'V'AL and MILITARY JOURNAL, for JAN UARY', 1847. CONTENTS. Thiers' History of the Consulate and the Empire. The Station of Maroon Town, Jamaica, and the Way to It. By One Serving There. Massacre and Destruction of Natchez. The Sikhs and the Punjab. The Remains of Tiam. The Confessions of a Pirate. A Tale of the Sea. History of Texas. By a Traveller. Biographical Sketch of Admiral Thomas Mathew. Guard Room Stories. Edited by Klinzensporn. Recollections of the Early Life of a sailor. The Present War in Kafirland. Written on the spot. The War Decoration. Practical Pioneer Instruction. Irregular Troops. Sandhurst Ixamination. The Electric Telegraph. Stations of the Army and Navy—Promotions and Appointments-- With all the Professional News of the 3lenth. M. Hurst, Publisher, 97, King William-street, Strand; and all Booksellers. NEW WORK BY MICHAEL ANGELO TITMARSII. On the First of January, to be continued in Monthly Parts, price is, each, with numerous Illustrations on Steel and Wood, A N I T Y F AI It: PEN AND PENCIL SKETCHES OF ENGLISH SO. CIETY. NEW ZEALAND. • The following letter, from the Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, has been received, with in structions, &c., subjoined, by the secretary of the New Zealand Company : " Downing-street, Dec. 26. " Sir,—l am directed by Lord Grey to inform you that draughts of a new charter for the government of New Zealand, and also of a new commission and in structions to the Governor, having been submitted to, and approved by, her Majesty in Council, these docu ments, as soon as the necessary forms have been com pleted, will be published in the London Gazette, in conformity with the provisions of the Act passed in the last session of Parliament, from which they derive their authority. As the change which will thus be effected in the constitution of the colony must neces sarily be regarded with great interest by the New Zealand Company, and as the legal instruments, of which the publication has been prescribed by Parlia ment, might not by themselves be very easily intel ligible, I am further directed to transmit to you, for the information of the directors and shareholders of the company, the copies which I have the honour to enclose of a dispatch which Lord Grey has addressed to the Governor of New Zealand, and which will be forwarded to him by the earliest opportunity.—l am, sir, your most obedient servant, " T. C. Harrington, Esq., Stc.." " B. HAWES. INSTRUCTIONS TO GOVERNOR GREY. Downing-street, Dec 23, 1846. Sir,—you will have been apprised, long before your receipt of this dispatch, that in the last session of Par liament the Act which I now enclose was passed for the better government of New Zealand. The motives which suggested such an enactment are best explained by a general reference to the correspondence between your self and preceding governors of this colony on the one hand, and myself and my predecessors in office on the other. Any more specific retrospect would, for my im mediate purpose, be superfluous. It is enough to say, that the necessity of a fundamental change in the sys tem adopted by the charter of November, 1840, has been insisted on by all parties to the discussion, and that there is an almost equally unanimous concurrence among them, in the opinion that the change should be in the direc tion of calling the settlers to participate much more largely in the business of legislation and local self-go vernment. The accompanying Act is accordingly framed on that principle. For the institutions established under the charter of November, 1840, it contemplates the substitution of mu nicipal corporations for the government of each separate district of New Zealand which is or which shall be set tled by colonists of European birth and origin. Every such district is to be erected into a borough; every such borough is to elect a common council, from which are to be chosen a mayor and a court of aldermen ; every such common council is to elect members to serve in a House of Representatives, forming one of the three estates of a Provincial Assembly. For this purpose the whole of New Zealand is to be divided into two or more provinces. In every such Provincial Assembly laws will be made for the province by the House of Represents fives, by a Legislative Council, and by the Governor, who, together, will constitute the Provincial Legislature. But, as there are many topics of general concern to all the inhabitants of New Zealand, respecting which some uniformity of legislation and of administration will be indispensable, it is further provided, that a General Assembly of the New Zealand Islands shall be holden by the Governor-in. Chief. That General Assembly will be composed of himself, and of a Legislative Council, and of a House of Representatives. But no one will be a member of the Legislative Council of the General Assembly who is not also a member of one of the Legis lative Councils of the Provincial Assemblies ; neither will any one be a member of the House of Representa tives of the General Assembly who is not a member of one of the Houses of Representatives of the Provincial Assemblies. In order to adapt the system of the local executive Government to this scheme of provincial and general legislation, the charter (if the mere text of that instru ment be alone regarded) provides for, and supposes, the creation of five different offices. They are a Governor in-Chief of New Zealand, a Governor of each province, and a Lieutenant-Governor of each. But the actual appointment of five such distinct officers forms no part of the design at present entertained. It is proposed to aadress to the same person the commissions ofGovernor in-Chief and of Governor of either province; and to ad dress to another per son th e comm i ss i ons of Lieutenant- Gov, rnor for each. Although, with a view to precision and to various technical considerations, all the offices in question are mentioned in the charter as distinct, they will thus (at least for the present) be combined in the hands of two persons only. Of these, the highest—who will be at once Governor and Governor-in-Chief—will be the official superior of the other, who will be designated in each province as the Lieutenant-Governor of it. The relation will not be one of mere precedency and rank, but will carry with it effective authority on the one hand, with subordination and obedience on the other hand. To the Governor, in. Chief it will belong exclusively to correspond with ;her Majesty's Secretary of State having the department of the colonies. To the Lieutenant-Governor it will belong to correspond exclusively with the Governor-General. The authority and control exercised by the Secretary of State over the Governor-in-Chief will, by the Governor in -Chief, be exercised over the Lieutenant-Governor. That authority will extend even to the suspension of the Lieutenant-Governor from office, if unhappily the neces sity for so extreme a measure should ever arise. The Governor-in-Chief will fix his own place of resi dence according to his own estimate of the greater or less demand for his presence in one or in the other pro vince. But, wherever he may be, he still acts as Governor of the province in which he may, be resident, and a , Governor-in. Chief of the whole of New Zealand, direct ing and controlling the acts of the Lieutenant -Governor as often as he may think any such control or direction requisite. To provide for the administration of the executive government of either province from which the Governor in-Chief may absent himself it will be in his choice, according to his view of the exigencies of the public service, either to call on the Lieutenant-Governor to reside and to act for him there, or to appoint a Lieu tenant-Governor for the purpose, whose appointment will be made to termin a t e on the overnor-ia-Chiefs re turn and resumption of his own office as Governor of the province for which such temporary appointment may have been made. You will find that the necessary powers for this purpose are created by the charter. In favour of this scheme of municipal, legislative, and executive polity, I rely on the following considerations : is framed with as close an adherence as circum stances would allow to the model of our English insti tutions, an object which I regard as of the highest importance in every such design. It adheres as nearly as practicable to that scheme of colonial policy once diffused over the greater part of the North American Continent, and still surviving in our remaining colonies there, and yet to be distinctly traced in the constitutions of the flourishing states new united into the great American commonwealth. It provides for the local self.government of districts in a country where the dis version of the settlements is such as to render any one central authority incompetent to that task. But while pu blic spirit and a practical acquaintance with publi c affairs will thus be cherished in every part of New Zee land, the erection of provinces and provincial assemblies will, I trust, counteract the tendency which such corpo rate institutions must otherwise have to disunite, in in t er est and in feeling , the various remote districts from each other. Natural causes forbid the combi nation of all those districts in the choice of members to e sufficientt the to consolidate and cement and serve in single assembly foarttphreewsehnotl,enonfdNpeerwhaZpesalmanodre; but two such assem blies than two such hereafter , may b. ~protect the t itnhtoesreeisnsteof variousrcolonialontese parate boroughs. To prev ent overor su chth e f r g e e g n u e e r n a t l ie rr e d on t n o try w , a t tc h b e the exclusive care of General Assembly is charged with t n h u e m o b t e h r er will,is occurrence elsewhere , . who stance that the General Assembly w those interests, and with no other fun i c l t i i e o o n n . s T is h t e o c f ir m cu e m es: hers chosen by the provincial assemblies out of their own e l to h o ope, and the general Lislatures. I anticipate, however, e s t e w cu ee ri n ty th a e ga lo in ca s l t that for some time to come the occasions which will arise for calling together the General Legislature will probableprov e a n effectual conflicts h be exceedingly rare, and the amount of business to be transacted by it very small; it will only be necessary t relation corporations o f constituents that it should meet when some change is required in the existing law up on t h ose subjects with which the separate Legislatures w ill not b e competent to deal. Byplacin in h placing th e e tires of each oth er , t h ey w i ll have sue and the and Houses sentativest a h common interests with so much of mutual control, as probably to maintain them both in the possession of their appropriate powers, without the risk of encroachment on either al 'd The I scheme of exe cu ti ve government which e. have briefly explained will assure to the various authorie • cipal and legislative, of New Zeal an d the benleefis,tmtounble. derived from unity of purpose and uniformity of in the conduct of the administrative branch system anch of the public service. To this project it has been objected, that it introduces a system too complicated to be easily understood or efficiently executed. The answer to that objection I think is, that the inevitable conditions of the practical problem to be solved were more than usually numerous and complex. So wide is the extent of the whole terri tory, so remarkable the dispersion of the settlements there, so many the impediments to rapid intercourse be tween them, and so strangely contrasted the habits and characters of the different races of the inhabitants, that it became necessary at least to attempt the reconcilement cr orpcsitb and yet co-existing clangers. Th., re was the ti Alger of enervating all the sprivg,s tai ucverira,;:t the undue dispersion of separate authorities, and there was the danger of impeding the useful action of the Government by an undue centralization of its powers. In the Act which was submitted to and sanctioned by Parliament, her Majesty's Government attempted as far as possible to escape from both of these difficulties. Whether the scheme adopted affords the best attainable reconcilement of them or not, it will scarcely be denied that they were serious difficulties, and admitted of no safe solution of a short and simple character. But, in framing the Act, her Majesty's Government were not forgetful of their extreme liability to error when acting in reference to a state of things so remote from their observation and from their own personal expe- rience in the business of civil administration. It was, therefore, studiously provided that the adaptation of :his law to the local circumstances of New Zealand should be transferable to those who should bring to the discharge of that duty the greatest amount of local :tnowledge and the best opportunities of ascertaining th, state of public opinion amongst the colonists. The broad outlines of the scheme having been partly drawn by Par liament, and the Queen in Council being authorised to complete these outlines, her Majesty was also empowered o delegate to the Governor-in-Chief the duty of filling up all the various details ; and so wide aro these powers af delegation as to supply a remedy for any errors of mere ignorance or oversight into which her Majesty's confidential advisers may have unconsciously fallen. I now transmit to you four instruments for carrying this Act of Parliament into effect. Of these the first is a new charter for the government of New Zealand. It is little more than a mere creation of the powers, muni cipal, legislative, and administrati►e, which the Act of Parliament authorises the Queen so to create. It re Deals the charter of 1840, leaving it, however, to the Governor-in-Chief to determine at what time the new charter shall be promulgated and brought into operation. You will observe that the Act of Parliament enables her Majesty for a limited time to continue in force, as regards the province of New Ulster, the charter of 1840. When this measure was submitted tokParliament there seemed reason to believe that it might be desirable to make a distinction between the northern and the southern settlements, with regard to the time at which the intended change in the form of government should come into ope ration; but more recent information has led to a different •:onclusion, and, accordingly, her Majesty has not been advised to avail herself of the power with which she was invested in this respect. The second instrument is the series of instructions ander the royal signet and sign manual to which the charter refers. This, as will appear in the sequel, is the instrument in which the plan of the new constitution is exhibited in all the detail in which it has been possible to prepare it in this country. Technical reasons, into shich I need not enter, render it highly convenient to make the instructions, rather than the charter, the channel of signifying the royal pleasure at full length and circumstantially. The third of the accompanying documents is your own appointment as Governor-in Chief of New Zealand, and AS Governor of each of the provinces into which those islands will be divided. The fourth and last instrument constitutes Mr. Eyre Lieutenant-Governor of each of the two province► which ,t is now proposed to establish. It may be convenient that I should in this place point out how vacancies in these offices are to be filled provi sionally, whenever the necesssity for such provisional appointments may arise. If the Governor-in-Chief should die, or otherwise create an unexpected vacancy, the following is the order in which the various officers capable of a provisional succession will be called to it, each later designation always supposing the absence from New Zealand of any person bearing the immedi ately preceding designation. In'the case supposed, then, the provisional succession will devolve, first, on the Go vernor of New Ulster; secondly, on the Governor of New Munster; thirdly, on the Lie utenant -Governor of New Ulster, if appointed immediately by the Queen; Fourthly, on the Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster, if appointed immediately by the Queen ; and fif t hl y , on the senior officer for the time being in command of the Queen's troops in New Zealand. On the death or absence or other vacancy of the office if the Governor of either province, his office will be filled by the Lieutenant-Governor of it On the death or absence or other vacancy of the office of Lieutenant-Governor of either province, the vacancy •ill be filled provisionally by an officer to he appointed by the Governor-in-Chief. I have already observed, that Lieutenant Governors so appointed will not stand in the line of provisional succession to the general go vernment. Provision being thus made for establishing the muni cipal, the legislative, and the executive :institutions of New Zealand, there is a virtual accomplishment of all that is necessary for its future government. From those institutions will flow all subordicate powers, judicial, fiscal, magisterial, or of whatever ether nature they may bc. The resFe2tive Legislatures will progressively mould Ihese derivative organs of government into such !'orms as the exigencies of society shall require. To a great extent it will be competent to those Legislatures so to mould even the instution which the c _Jur itself creates, by _regulating the elegti ve ft irttd the whole system of elections, madicipal and legislative, care being taken that no such enactments be either re pugt ant to the text or at variance with the spirit of he Act or of the charter. To prescribe fundamental rules, and to create an authority for the better adapta tion of them to the real wants of the colony, is the only function which the Queen or Parliament have assumed to themselves, or could properly have assumed. At first sight it may appear that something more than this has been aimed at in the accompanying royal in itructions. They are unavoidably copious and minute ; but they will be found rather to impart powers than to lay down inflexible rules ; and so wide is the field over which the subject ranges, that even to accomplish this design has unavoidably led into many elaborate and pro tracted details. To render those details as clear and as useful as may be, they are drawn up, not in the usual form, but in a series of chapters, each of which is subdivided into sec tions, the whole being introduced by one comprehensive reference to the powers under which the instructions are issued, and by one equally comprehensive declaration of the royal pleasure that they shall be observed. Much tautology and useless repetition is thus avoided. Believing that the instructions, as thus prepared, will be found to convey their meaning perspicuously and completely, I abstain from any attempt to recapitulate or to explain their provisions. I turn to other topics, on which it seems indi s p ensa bl e that on the present occasion should convey to you explanations for which, of course, no appropriate place could be found in the legal instru ments already mentioned. I advert especially to what relates to the aborigines of New Zealand, and the settle ment of the public lands in those islands. I cannot approach this topic without remarking, that the protracted co rrespon d ence to which it has given rise, the public debates and resolutions which hare sprung from it, and the enactments and measures of your pre decessors in the Government, have all contributed to throw into almost inextricable confusion the respective rights and claims of various classes and individuals amongst the inhabitants of New Zealand, to render very embarrassing the inquiry into which you must doubtless be engaged respecting the line of conduct which her Majesty's Government expect you to pursue, and at the same time to make it almost impossible for us to deter mine, with any confidence, what that conduct ought to be, and how far, in a state of affairs so complicated, it is possible now to act upon the principles to which, in the absence of these difficulties, I should have prescribed your adherence. I will not attempt any retrospect of those documents and proceeding s ; I s h ou ld b ut b e adding to the perplexity which I acknowledge and re gret. It shall be my attempt rather to explain, as briefly as the nature of the subject admits, what is the policy which, if we were unembarrased by past transac tions, it would be right to follow, and which (so far as any fresdom of choice remains to us) ought still to be adopted, reg ar di ng th e r i g h t of property in land, which should be ack now l e d ge d or created, more especially as affecting the aborigines of New Zealand. I enter on this topic by observing that the accompany ing statute,!9 and 10 Victoria, chap. 104, sec. 11, repeals the Australian Land Sales Act, as far as relates to lands situate in New Zealand. Thus there is a complete ab sence of any statutory regulations on this subject. The Queen, as entitled in right of her crown to any waste lands in Le colony, is free to make whatever rules her Majesty may see fit on the subject. The accompanying charter accordingly authorises the Governor t o a li enate such land'.l.he accompanying instructions dir ec t h ow that power is to be used. I proceed t o explain the motives by which those instructions have been dictated. The opinion assumed, rather than advocated, by a large class of writers on this and kindred subjects is, that the aboriginal inhabitants of any country are the pro prietors of every part of its soil of which they have been accustomed to make any use, or to whi c h t h ey have been accustomed to assert any title. This claim is repre sented as sacred, however ignorant such natives may be of the arts or of the habits of civili se d li fe, however small the number of their tribes, however imperfect or occasional the uses they make of the land. Whether they are nomadic tribes despasturing cattle, or hunters living by the chase, or fishermen frequenting the sea coasts or the banks of rivers, the proprietary title in question is alike ascribed to them all. From this doctrine, whether it be maintained on the grounds of religion, or of morality, or of exp e di enc y, I entirely dissent. What I hold to be th e t rue pr i nc i p l e with regard to property in land is that which I find laid down in the following passage from the works of Dr. Arnold, which I think may safely b e accepted as of au• thority upon this subject, not only on account of his high character, but also because it was written, not with reference to passing events, or to any controversy which was at that time going on, but as stating a principle which he conceived to be of general application:— " Men were to subdue the earth; that is, to make it by their labour what it wonld not have been by itself; and with the labour so bestowed upon it came the right of property in it. Thus every land which is inhabited at all belongs to somebody ; that is, the re i s e i t h er some one person, or family , or tribe, or nation, who have a greater right to it than any one el se h as; it does not and cannot belong to everybody. But, so much does the right of property go along with labour, that civilised nations have never scrupled to take p ossess i on o f coun t r ies inhabited only by tribes .f say,,irnz_e oun t r i,s ,A l )iPh have hunted iver, bit ue;er sublued or euiLivated. It is true, they have often gone further, and settled themselves in countries which were cultivated, and then it becomes a robbery; but when SIT N Y DECEMBER 29, 1846. Paicic SD. our fathers went to America and took possession of the mere hunting-grounds of the Indians—of lands on which man had hitherto bestowed no labour—they only exer cised a right which God has inseparably united with in lustry and knowledge." The justness of this reasoning must, I think, be gene rally admitted, and if so it can hardly be denied that it is applicable to the case of New Zealand, and is fatal to the right which has been claimed for the aboriginal in habitants of those islands to the exclusive possession of the vast extent of fertile but unoccupied lands which 'hey contain. It is true the New Zealanders, when European settlement commenced among them, were not a people of hunters; they lived in great measure, at least, upon the produce of the soil (chiefly perhaps its spontaneous produce), and practised to a certain extent a rude sort of agriculture. But the extent of land so occupied by them was absolutely insignificant when ~ m pared with that of the country they inhabited; the most trustworthy accounts agree in representing the cultivated grounds as forming far less than one-hun lredth part of the available land, and in stating that mil lions of acres were to be found where the naturally fer tile soil was covered by primeval forests or wastes of fern, in the midst of which a few patches planted with potatoes were the only signs of human habitation and industry. The islands of New Zealand are not much less extensive than the British Isles, and capable probably of supporting as large a population, while that which they actually supported has been variously estimated, but believe never so high as 200,000 souls. To contend that under such circumstances civilised men had not a right to step in and to take possession of the vacant territory, but were bound to respect the supposed proprietary title of the savage tribes who dwelt in, but were utterly unable to occupy the land, is to mistake the grounds upon which the right of property in land is founded. To that portion of the soil, whatever it might be, which they really occupied, the aboriginal inhabit ants, barbarous as they were, had a clear and undoubted claim ; to have attempted to deprive them of their patches of potato ground, even so to have occupied the territory as not to leave them ample space for shifting, as was their habit, their cultivation from one spot to an other, would have been in the highest degree unjust ; but so long as this injustice was avoided, I must regard it a vain and unfounded scruple which would have ac knowledged their right of property in land which re mained unsubdued to the uses of man. But, if the savage inhabitants of New Zealand had themselves no right of property in land which they did not occupy, it is obvious that they could not convey to others what they did not themselves possess, and:that claims to vast tracts of waste land, founded on pretended sales from them, are altoge ther untenable. From the moment that British domi nion was proclaimed in New Zealand, all lands not actually occupied in the sense in which alone occupation can give a right of possession, ought to have been con sidered as the property of the crown, in its capacity of trustee for the whole community, and it should thenceforward have been regarded as the right and at the same time the duty of those duly authorised by the Crown, to determine in what manner, and according to what rules, the land, hitherto waste should be assigned and appropriated to particular indi viduals. _There is another consideration which leads to the same conclusion. It has never been pretended that the wide extent of unoccupied land, to which an exclu sive right of property has been asserted on behalf of the native inhabitants of New Zealand, belonged to them as individuals; it was only as tribes that they were sup posed to possess it; and, granting their title as such to have been good and valid, it was obviously a right which the tribes enjoyed as independent communities—an at tribute of sovereignty, which, with the sovereignty, na turally and necessarily was transferred to the British Crown. Had the New Zealanders been a civilised leople, this would have been the case—if these islands, . . being inhabited by a civilised people, had been added either by conquest or voluntary cession to the dominions of the Queen, it is clear that, according to the well known principles of public law, while the property of individuals would have been respected, all public pro perty, all rights of every description which had apper tained to the previous sovereigns, would have devolved, as a matter of course, to the new sovereign who suc ceeded them. It can hardly be contended that these tribes, as such, possessed rights which civilised commu nities could not have claimed. Such are the principles upon which, if the colonization of New Zealand were only now about to begin, it would be my duty to instruct you to act; and though I am well aware that in point of fact you are not in a position to do so, and that from past transactions a state of things has arisen i❑ which a strict application of these princi ples is impracticable, I have thought it right that they should be thus explicitly stated in this dispatch (as they are in the royal instructions to which it refers), in order that you may clearly understand that although in many respects you may be compelled to depart from them, still you are to look to them as the foundation of the policy which, so far as it is in your power, you are to pursue. The imperfect information which alone at this dis tance I can hope to obtain as to the actual state of Affairs in New Zealand renders it impossible for me to venture to prescribe to you, how far you are to go in attempting practically to act upon the principles I have laid down. I should infer from your own dispatches, as well as from those of your predecessors, that the rights of the Crown could not now be asserted to large tracts of waste land which particular tribes have been taught to regard as their own. It appears that you have found it expedient to admit these pretensions to a considerable extent; and having done so, no apparent advantage could be suffered to weigh against the evil of acting in a man ner either really or even apparently inconsistent with good faith. While, however, you scrupulously fulfil whatever engagements you have contracted, and main tain those rights on the part of the native tribes to land which you have already recognised, you will avoid as much as possible any further surrender of the property of the Crown. I trust also that the evil which would otherwise arise from the concessions already made may, to a great degree, be neutralised by your strictly main taining the exclusive right of the Crown to purchase land from the native tribes to which it has been assumed that it belongs. 'I his right, resting as it does, not only upon what has been called the Treaty of Waitangi, but also upon the general and long-recognised prin ciples of national law, is one so important, that it ought almost at all hazards to be strictly enforced. To suffer it to be set aside would be to acquiesce in the ruin of the colony, since it would be fatal to the pro gressive and systematic settlement of the country. It is by the sale of land at mere than a nominal price that its appropriation to individuals in allotments proportioned to their power of making use of it can alone be secured. It is the mode by which, with least inconvenience and dif ficulty, funds can be raised for emigration, and for ex ecuting those public works which are necessary for the profitable occupation of the soil; in short, it is the very foundation upon which systematic colonization must be based. But if the native tribes are permitted to sell large tracts of land to individuals for a mere nominal consideration, it is obvious that so much land will be thrown upon the market as entirely to defeat the at tempt to sell such lands as the Crown may still retain, at a price sufficient to answer the objects of the policy I have described. It has indeed been asserted that the natives of New Zealand will never consent, unless compelled by force of arms, to the adoption of a system by which land bought from them at a nominal, or at all events at a low price, by the servants of the Crown, is to be resold at a much higher rate to actual settlers. I fear it may be more dif ficult than it would have been formerly to reconcile them to this practice, nevertheless the attempt must be made; and I still hops it may not be impossible to con vince them that the Crown receives the money so paid for land only as trustees for the public, and that it is applied for their benefit as forming part of the commu nity; that the price obtained for land which is sold to settlers affords the means of constructing roads and bridges, of building churches and schools, and of intro ducing an additional European population; thus really conducing far more to their advantage than the paltry supply of goods which, if they sold the land for them selves, they would obtain for it. These remarks apply to lands held by the aboriginal inhabitants as tribes, and by a title not resting upon actual occupation and improvement; as individuals, they should be as free as any of the other inhabitants of New Zealand to acquire and to dispose of property in land. The first and most important step which you will have to take with the view of introducing a regular system with respect to the disposal of land will be to ascertain distinctly the ownership of all the land in the colony. The extent and limits of all which is to be considered as the property either of individuals, of bodies politic or corp, orate or of the native tribes, must, in the first in stance, be determined, and the whole of the remainder of the territory will then be declared to be the royal demesne. The results of this inquiry must be carefully registered, and a regular record henceforth preserved, showing to w hom all the lands of New Zealand belong. This measure has been repeatedly and earnestly inculcated on your predecessors, and I cannot too strongly repeat the same injunction. It has been with the single object of ensuring in the management of the waste lands of New Zealand the adoption of a system calculated, as the confidential servants of her Majesty believe, to promote the true in terests of all her subjects, that the instructions which accompany this dispatch have been framed. I do not pause to recapitulate their details; but the princi ples of them are, that the power of the Crown over these lands should never be employed for any purpose of patronage, influence, or favouritism; that the Crown shall not be at liberty to make a gra tuitous alienation of any extent of land, however small, except with a view to public works, in which the whole society may have a more or less immediate interest ; that the alienation of such lands to any private persons, or for any private purposes, shall always be preceded by a careful survey of the land, and followed by an imme diate registration of the grant ; that no such alienation shall be made without a previous public auction ; that at all such auctions all lands shall be offered for sale at a certain upset price ; that the selection of the lands so to be put up to auction shall be made exclusively by the Government ; that the upset price of each lot shall de pend on the class in which it is placed, the three classes being town, suburban, and rural allotments, the last class being again subdivided into lands which are, and into l en ds which are not, believed to contain valuable mine ails ; that lands once offered for sale by auction, without finding a purchaser, may afterwards be purchased with• out auction at the upset price ; that the first application ' of the land revenue must be towards defraying the ex penses incident to the administration of the Crown land department in all its branches ; and that the surplus or net land revenue should be applied towards the intro duction of manual labourers from this country, unless when the exigencies of the public service may render the application fit to other local purposes indispensable. Such being my general views regarding the settle ment of the public lands in New Zealand, I return to the kindred topic of the str.te of the aborigines there. On the general principles by which our rein (kris to them should be governed, I have nothing to add to Lord John Russell's instructions to Captain Hobson, of the 9th December, 1811, No. 1 ; but I have to call your atten tion to the 10th clause of the 9th and 10th of Victoria, c. 103, in which Parliament has adopted and given their sancio3 to the principles laid down by his Lordship in that dispatch, that the laws and customs of the native New Zyalandcrs, even though repugnant to our own laws, ought, if not at variance with the general principles of huirrnity, to be for the present maintained for their government in all their relations to, and dezlin,e-s with, each other ; and that particular districts should be set apart within which such customs should be so observed. It will be your duty to give effect to the general prin ciples which would separate, by well-defined lines of demarcation, those parts of New Zealand in which the native customs are to be maintained, from those in which they are to be superseded. For the sake of distinct ness, the one may be called the aboriginal, and the other the provincial districts. The last, or pro• vincial districts, will be entirely divided into the various municipalities already mentioned. With an increasing British population, and with the advance of tht natives in the arts of civilised life, the provincial districfs will progressively extend into the aboriginal, until at length the distinction shall have en tirely disappeared. In the meantime the provincial dis tricts, and they alone, will be the seats of courts and magistracies, and of other institutions requisite for -the government of civilised-men. The aboriginal districts will be governed by such methods as are in use among the native New Zealanders.. The chiefs or others, ac cording to their usages; Id be allowed to interpret and to administer t4ei4tAcWselaws. Even beyond those precincts the same I*k-3 . M-should be followed i n a ll cases, whether civil' dr, ditipinal, in which the natives alone hare any direct and: immediate interest. Difficul ties will of course arise in the execution of such rules, but not, I think, any which may not be easily sur, mounted ; for the administration of different laws to different races of men inhabiting the same country under one common sovereign, is a practice which has pre vailed so extensively, that scarcely any civilised nation can be mentioned in which some examples of it have not occurred. With the increase of Christian know ledge, of civilisation, of the use of the English tongue, and of mutual confidence between the two races, these dis tinctions of law and of legal customs will, I trust, become unnecessary and obsolete. In the meantime we must await that consummation with every reasonable indul gence for the innocent habits and for the venial preju dices of the aboriginal race with which we have thus been brought into contact. I pass over in this dispatch, as in the accompanying instruments her Majesty has passed over, in silence, many topics of the greatest importance to the future good government of New Zealand. Such are the ad ministration of justice, the management of the revenue, the education of youth, and the provision to be made for public Christian worship. On these and similar questions I think it better to *await, than to anticipate the deliberations of the legislative bodies about to be convened in New Zealand. They will properly form the subject of a separate and future correspondence. The Act of Parliament which I now transmit to you, and the instruments which have been issued in pursuance of it, are framed in the spirit of an unreserved confi dence, both in the capacity and in the willingness of the British settlers in New Zealand to regulate their own internal affairs in such a manner as may best conduce to the welfare of the colony and of the empire of which it forms a part. To men to whom so high a trust has been committed, it is fitting that the Minister of the Crown charged with the communication to them of her Majesty's gracious intentions should address himself in the language of frankness and of candour. I there fore do not scruple to observe, that the experience of our widely-extended empire has ascertained that the otherwise inestimable advantages of colonial self government are attended with at least one serious dAn • _ . ger. It is the danger that the powers conferred•by this great franchise on the representatives of the people may be perverted into an instrument for the-oppress on of the less civilised and less powerful race 3 of men inhabiting the same colony. This abuse has arisen in our colonies, not became the wealthier and better Hu- cated classes of society there are in any respect in ferior in character to the corresponding classes of society elsewhere, but because they are exposed to a temptation from which the greater number of imperial and independent legislatures are ex. mpt. They live in a vicinity to which nothing parallel exists in the an cient states of Europe. Such a vicinity exists, and, conse quently. such a temptation will ari se i n ew Zealand. I, therefore, acquit myself of a duty, involving no failure of respect to the future assemblies of that colony, in thus unreservedly pointing out to you, and through you commending to their attention, the sacred duty which will be incumbent on them, of watching over the interest, protecting the persons, and, as far as may be, cultivating the minds of the aboriginal race among whom they and their constituents have settled. They can render no service more acceptable to the Queen, to Parliament, and to the people of this country at large. Alt - hough her Majesty has confided to your discretion the time from which the new charter is to be promul gated and to take etnct, and although in the exercise of that discretion you will of course weigh every material circumstance, including many which it would be impos sible for me to foresee or to estimate aright, yet you will understand it to be her Majesty's pleasure that no delay should intervene which those circumstances may not justify and require. I have, &c. THE NEW ZEALAND CHARTER. Victoria, by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith. To all to whom these presents shall come, greet ing.—Whereas by an Act made and passed in the Par liament holden in the ninth and tenth years of our reign, entitled " An Act to make further Prevision for the Government of the New Zealand Islands," it is among other things enacted, that it shall be lawful for 119, in and by any letters patent to be issued after the passing of the said Act, under .the great seal of the United Kingdomgrom time to time to constitute and estab lish within any district or districts of the islands of New Zealand, one or more municipal corporation or corporations, and to grant to any such corporations all or any of the powers which (in pursuance of the statutes in that behalf made and provided) it is com petent to us to grant to the inhabitants of any town or borough in England and Wales, incorporated in virtue of such statutes, or any of them, and to qualify and restrict the exercise of any such powers in such and the same manner as by the statutes last aforesaid, or any of them, we may qualify or restrict the exercise of any such powers in England ; and it is by the said Act further enacted, that it shall be lawful for us, by any such letters patent as aforesaid, to make and prescribe all such rules as to us shall seem fit for determining the extent and boundaries of the districts to be comprised within any such municipal corporations as aforesaid, and for regulating the choice and election of the various officers of any such corporations, and of the members of the governing bodies thereof, and for ascer taining the qualifications of the members of any such municipal corporations ; and it is by the said Act further enacted, that it shall be lawful for us to execute any of the powers thereby vested in us, by instructions under our signet and sign manual, approved in our Privy Council, and accompanying or referred to in letters patent to be issued as aforesaid, and that it shall be law ful for us, by any such letters patent or in s tructions, to delegate to the Governor-in-Chief for the time being of the islands of New Zealand, or to the respective Gover nors for the time being of the respective provinces into which the said islands may be divided, the exercise of such of the powers by the said Act vested in us as it may seem meet to us so to delegate, and to prescribe the man ner and form in which, and the conditions subject to which, such delegated authority shall so be exercised. Now, know ye, that in pursuance of the said recited Act, and in exercise of the powers thereby in us vested, and also in exercise of all and every other the powers to us in that behalf in anywise belonging, we, of our spe cial grace, mere motion, and certain knowledge, have constituted and established, and do hereby consti tute and establish, within the said islands of New Zealand, such municipal corporations with such powers, qualifications, and restrictions, as are mentioned and directed in certain instructions by us given under our signet and sign manual, approved in our Privy Council, and bearing even date with and accompanying these presents. - 11. And, in further pursuance and exercise of the powers aforesaid, we do hereby grant, appoint, and or• dein, that the districts to be comprised within such mu nicipal corporations respectively shall be of such extent, and shall have such boundaries, as are prescribed and provided for in and by the said instructions, and that the choice and election of the various officers of the said corporations respectively, and of the members of the governing bodies thereof, shall take place and be regu lated according to the rules and in the manner and form prescribed and provided for in and by the said instruc tions ; and that the qualifications of the members of the said municipal corporations shall, in like manner, be ascertained according to the rules and in the manner and form prescribed and provided for in and by the said instructions. 111. And whereas it is by the said recited Act fur ther enacted, that it shall be lawful for us, in and by any letters patent to be issued as aforesaid, from time to time to divide the said islands of New Zealand into two or more separate provinces, and to constitute and esta tlish within the same two or more separate assemblies ; that is to say, one such assembly in and for each of such separate provinces, and that each of the said assemblies shall consist of, and be holden by, a Governor, a Legis lative Council, and a House of Representatives ; now, therefore, in further pursuance of the said recided Act, and in exercise of the powers thereby in us vested, we ilo hereby grant, ordain, and appoint, that the said islands of New Zealand shall be divided into two sepa• rate provinces, to be called respectively the " Province PUBLICATIONS On Thursday will be published, BL ACK W 0 0 D'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.—No, COCIAXV for JANUARY IRV. Price 2s. 6d. CONTINTS : - The Court of Louis Philippe. 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