The Sun. — London, England, 1837-11-23 00:00:00

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. (From the Scotsnzan.) A model to illustrate the nature and powers of this ma chine, was exhibited on Wednesday evening, at a very full meeting of the Society of Arts, Sir John Graham Dalyell in the chair. It consists of a wooden chest about five feet long, three feet wide, three feet deep at the one end, and one foot at the other. The width and depth in this model are those which would probably be found suitable in a working machine ; but it will be understood that the length in the machine may be a hundred or a thousand miles, and is limited to five feet in the model merely for conve nience. Thirty copper wires extend from end to end of the chest, and are kept apart from each other. At one end (which, for distinction's sake, we shall call the south end) they are fastened to a horizontal line of wooden keys, precisely similar to those of a piano forte ; at the other, or north end, they terminate close to thirty small apertures equally distributed in six rows of five each, over a screen of three feet square which forms the end of the chest. Under these apertures on the outside, ar ainted in black paint upon a white ground, the 26 let ter of the alphabet, with the necessary points, the colon, semicolon, and full point, and an asterisk to denote the ter mination of a word. The letters occupy spaces about an inch square. The wooden keys at the other end have also the letters of the alphabet painted on them in the usual order. The wires serve merely for communication, and we shall now describe the apparatus by which they work. This consists at the south end of a pair of plates, zinc and copper, forming a galvanic trough, placed under the keys ; and at the north end of thirty steel magnets, about four inches long, placed close behind the letters painted on the screen. The magnets move horizontally on axes, and are poised within a flat ring of copper wire, formed of the ends of the communicating wires. On their north ends they carry small square bits of black paper, which project in front of the screen, and serve as opercula or covers to conceal the letters. When any wire is put in communica tion with the trough at the south end, the galvanic influence is instantly transmitted to the north end ; and in accord ance with a well-known law discovered by Oersted, the magnet at the end of that wire instantly turns round to the right or left, bearing with it the operculum of black paper, and unveiling a letter. When the key A, for instance, is pressed down with the finger at the south end, the wire at. tacked to it is immediately put in communication with the trough ; and at the same instant the letter A at the north end is unveiled, by the magnet turning to the right, and with drawing the operculum. When the finger is removed from the key, it springs back to its place : the communica tion with the trough ceases ; the magnet resumes its posi tion, and the letter is again covered. Thus by pressing down with the finger, in suc cession, the keys corresponding to any word or name, we have the letters forming that word or name exhi bited at the other end—the name Victoria for in stance, which was the maiden effort of the Telegraph on Wednesday evening. In the same way, we may transmit a communication of any length, using an asterisk or cross, to mark the division of one word from another, and the comma, semicolon, or full point, to mark breaks in a sen tence, or its close. No proper experiment was made while we were present, to determine the time necessary for this species of communication ; but we have reason to believe, that the letters might be exhibited almost as rapidly as a compositor could set them up in types. Even one-half or one-third of this speed, however, would answer perfectly well. Galvanism, it is well known, requires a complete circuit for its operation. You must not only carry a wire to the place you mean to communicate with, but you must bring it back again to the trough. Aware of this, our first impression was, that each letter and mark would require two wires, and the machine in these cir cumstances having sixty wires instead of thirty, its bulk and the complication of its parts would have been much increased. This difficulty has been obviated, how ever, by a simple and happy contrivance. Instead of the Return wires extending from the magnet back to the keys, they are cut short at the distance of three inches from the magnet, and all join a transverse copper rod, from which a single wire passes back to the trough, and serves for the whole letters. The telegraph in this way, requires only 31 wires. We may also mention, that the communi cation between the keys and the trough is made by a long narrow basin filled with mercury, into which the end of the wire is plunged when the key is pressed down with the finger. The Telegraph, thus constructed, operates with ease and accuracy, as many gentlemen can witness. The term model, which we have employed, is in some re spects a misnomer. It is the actual machine, with all its essential parts, and merely circumscribed as to length by the necessity of keeping it in a room of limited dimensions. While many are laying claim to the invention, to Mr. Alexander belongs the honour of first fol lowing out the principle into all its details, meeting every difficulty, completing a definite plan, and showing it in operation. About twenty gentlemen, including some of the most eminent men of science in Edinburgh, have sub scribed a memorial stating their high opinion of the merits of the invention, and expressing their readiness to act as a Committee for conducting experiments upon a greater scale, in order fully to test its practicability. This ought to be a public concern. A machine which would repeat in Edinburgh words spoken in London, three or four minutes after they were uttered, and continue the communication for any length of time, by night or by day, and with the ra pidity which has been described—such a machine reveals a new power, whose stupendous effects upon society no effort of the most vigorous imagination can anticipate. POLAND.—A letter from Posen, of 2d Nov., con tains the following particulars relative to the proceedings of the Czar :—" Two new ukases, which have appeared in Poland, merit public attention, and show how the reform ing spirit of the Emperor Nicholas visibly approaches that of the Emperor Paul, his father. The first of the ukases is a supplement of that of the month of January, which prohibited all employes, civil or military, or of whatever grade, to rear spectacles, and extends this rigorous mea sure to all inhabitants of the Russian empire whatever who have not attained the age of 40. At that age a R uss i an subject may be permitted to wear spectacles or eye-glasses, but woe to him who before the age of 40 shall dare to have bad eyes, or pretend to be short-sighted ; such is the will of the Czar, Autocrat of all the Russias. The other ukase prescribes the length of the rods with which school-boy s are to be chastised."—French Paper. According to a letter from Vienna of the sth inst., the proceedings against Count Joseph Esterhazy have taken a turn in his favour, the man ho is said to have ill treated having deposed that his wounds arose from the Count's horse, which reared on being seized by the bridle, and struck him with his fore-feet. It is, therefore, expected that the Count will be fully acquitted. It is utterly without foundation that th e h onour o f a baronetcy was . bestowed upon Alderman Wood in conse quence of certain pecuniary transactions between him and the late Duke of Kent. It was conferred upon him solely on account of his honourable conduct, and long tried and consistent character. It gives us sincere pleasure to announce that on Monday last, her Grace the Ducheess of Roxburgh was safely delivered of a daughter at Floors. This event was hailed with much delight and satisfaction by all classes of the towns people.—Kelso Chronicle. Restiaux, an active officer of the E division, on Saturday last observed two notorious women, in St. Giles's, newly " togged " from head to foot, and having previously seen them in rags, and knowing them to he thieves, he suspected that all was not right, on which he made inquiries, and ascer tained that a gentleman had been robbed, in a house where they were in the habit of visiting, of a valuable gold watch, &c., six sovereigns, and other property. He traced the property to the prisoners, and took them into custody, when Mr. Patter son, of Brunswick-square, attended at the station-house, and charged them, and they were locked up. Yesterday they were placed at the bar at Hatton-garden, when the prosecutor did not attend, and they were discharged. The prisoners are desperate characters, and hare been repeatedly in custody for hocussing and robbery. On Saturday evening, about half-past six o'clock, the revenue cutter Rob Roy was discovered in flames in Ports mouth harbour. The alarm which prevailed was great in the extreme, and, on the signal being forwarded, the boats' crews of every ship stationed near put off to assist in extinguishing the flames. Before the hour of eight the whole of the aft part of the Rob Roy was enveloped in flames, alongside of which was the receiving-ship Success, but she was fortunately cut adrift, and escaped without injury. By the great exertions of the officers and seamen, as well as several others, the fire was totally extinguished before nine o'clock, and the damage con fined to the Rob Roy, which is not to such an extent as was at first anticipated. Fortunately, by the timely assistance re ceived, a repetition of the awful occurrences which took place at Spithead about three weeks back, more especially in the crowded state of the harbour at present, has been avoided. The inestimable Mr. Pickwick, and the inestima ble Sam Weller, having arrived at the ancient and independ ent borough of Eatanawill, the following conversation took place :- 66 Ab," said Mr. Pickwick, " Do they seem devoted to their party, Sam ?" Never see such dewotion in my life, Sir." " Energetic, eh ?" said Mr. Pickwick. " Uncommon," replied Sam ; I never see men cat and drink so much afore. I wonder they a'nt afeer'd o' bustin." " That's the mistaken kindness of the gentry here," sa id Mr. Pickwick. . _ Werry likely," replied Sam, briefly. The glories of Eatanswill have been eclipsed—the doings of her devoted denizens have been outdone : that ancient borough, covetous of good eating, and jealous of innovation, must bow to Kippen, Denny, and Falkirk. In those three places Tory devotion has reached its acme : nowhere have more brightly shone the piety of the knife and fork—the religion of boiled and baked.— Stirling Observer. FIRE FROM GAS. (From the Paisley Advertiser.) We shall first state the simplest way we know of for making the fire available, in the way of rendering few alterations necessary, and of securing an easy return to coal fires, if gas do not please, or of using coal fire and gas fire alternately, according to the seasons, or to other circum stances. We shall suppose, then, that the fire is required in an ordinary Carron grate, in the usual fire-place, and will merely premise, that in this case, the vent requires to be closed up : I. Top Plate.—Procure a piece of sheet iron of a shape and size to fit the mouth of the grate. The front of this top plate may be supported on the upper bar of the grate, and the back in various ways familiar to tradesmen. In the centre of this plate cut a circular hole of a size to admit the cylinder that is to be used. 11. Supply of Gas.—Lead a gas pipe to the hearth stone, below the grate, bend its end upwards to pass through between two of the bottom bars, let it project two or three inches above the bottom of the grate, and pointing towards the centre of the hole in the top plate. A conve nient way of leading gas to the spot wanted, is by a flexible tube. If the end of the tube be properly supported by a candlestick or other bearer, it can either be pointed into the cylinder to produce fire, or set on the mantelpiece to give light. In this way, too, the gas cylinder, instead of being placed in a grate, may be set in an ornamental metal pillar, (or by itself without one,) and placed occasionally in any part of the room to which the flexible tube will extend. 111. Gas Cylinder.—Procure a piece of sheet-iron stove pipe, or cylinder, of a diameter from three to eight inches (four or five will probably be found a good size for a room fifteen feet square), and of a length about half an inch more than the distance from the top-plate to the bottom of the grate, which in most cases will be from eight to ten inches. Cover one end of the cylinder with a piece of fine iron wire gauze, such as is used for Davy's patent safety lamp. This wire gauze is secured in its place by a small iron ring or hoop, tightly circumscribing the cylinder ; put this cylinder down through the hole in the top-plate, and it will rest on the bottom of the grate, while the gas-pipe will project into it ready to discharge gas. Open the stop cock, apply a light to the gas—not where it issues from the socket or burner, but on the top of the wire-gauze, and the fire is obtained. If too little gas go into the cylinder, it will not kindle, if too much, the flame will burn white in stead of blue, and not give heat in proportion to the extra consumpt of gas. IV. Use of Lime.—When lime shell is slaked, or re duced to powder by the application of water, and passed through a sieve, a number of little balls, of the size of small marbles, will be found around the heap. Ten or a dozen of these pieces laid on the wire gauze, soon assume a bright red colour, and give a more cheerful appearance than the fire would otherwise have. These pieces last many days, getting a little smaller daily, and can be renewed at pleasure. V. Easy return to Coal Fires.—Should the gas fire not produce a sufficient heat -for very cold weather, or should it on trial not please, the vent may be unstopped, the top plate and gas cylinder removed and set aside in one minute, and the grate is ready for a coal fire as before. VI. Gas Consumed and Effects Produced.—With a cy linder of 3i inches diameter, the gas consumed hourly will be six or seven cubic feet—equal to six or seven single jet burners burning four inches high. This, at the price of gas here at present (Bs. 6d. per 1,000 feet), will be between a halfpenny and three farthings an hour. A cubic foot of gas with a cylinder of the size above mentioned will, in a tin vessel five inches in diameter, and three inches deep, boil a quart of water in ten minutes. Whether that quan tity of gas would produce the same effect, if burned in half or quarter of the above time, we have had no means of ascertaining. VII. Increase of Heat.—lf an iron cylinder eight or ten inches long, or more, of a diameter sufficient to cir cumscribe the iron ring that keeps the wire gauze in its place, be put on the top of the fire, it causes it to burn more vividly, on the same principle, no doubt, as steam boat funnels or stalk-vents create a draught. More gas, we presume, is thereby consumed, but we cannot say bow much. VIII. Disadvantages of Gas Fire.—l . From paragraph VI. it may be inferred, that fire from gas is dearer than from coal, and this will be deemed a fundamental objection. 2. The quantity above mentioned does not produce so great a heat as a moderate coal fire. 3. It has not so cheerful an appearance, the bright bars and " bleezing ingle" being a-wanting. 4. It gives out a slight sulphur) , smell, similar to what is felt when a shovel full of hot cin ders arc left for a little while in the centre of a room, and thereby requires the upper half of a window or two to be left a little way down. 5. It may not be deemed advisable to trust the warming of the house or the cooking of the victuals to a fire over which others have so much controul. A lightening of the pressure at the gas works might leave the dinners of hundreds only half cooked at the hour when they should be eaten. IX. Advantages of Gas Fire.—l. All the trouble atten dant on the kindling of a coal fire, on the supplying it with coals, and the removal of ashes, is avoided. 2. The annoyance of having carpets, furniture, pictures, books, &c. covered with dust every time a poker is applied to a coal fire, is avoided. 3. In cases where chimneys cannot be made to draw or vent well, this affords a decided remedy. 4. In rooms where there are no fire places it must be found exceedingly useful. 5. In cases where fire is speedily wanted, this has the superiority, inasmuch as it can be obtained at its full strength instantaneously, and a kettle may be boiled, or a beefsteak cooked by it, before a coal fire could be got properly kindled. 6. In summer, when victuals must be cooked, but when fire heat is oppressive, this will prove advantageous, because it need not be lighted till the moment it is wanted, and extinguished when the required purposes are served. Admitting of being thus carefully husbanded, the disadvantages of its high price will in some measure be diminished. X. Conclusion.—We have thus stated how the gas fire is to be most easily made available in a way that subjects the experimenter to little expense of fitting up, and admits of an easy return to coal fires. We hare stated its cost as nearly as we can, and have summed up its most promi nent advantages and disadvantages, so far as these have yet appeared, and we now leave the subject in the hands of the public to adopt or reject this new species of fire as they shall see cause. An act of very gross treachery has lately been com mitted by two American Generals, Jessup and Powell, on the native Indians. The chief of the latter, Powell, as he is called, was anxious to conclude a peace, and he appointed for that purpose " a talk" with these American officers of their army at Fort Peyton, on the Ist ult. The talk was agreed to, and Powell, with fifty of his chosen warriors and negrocs attended, not suspecting any trap ; in the midst of the council, however, they were all surrounded by a strong body of troops and taken prisoners. The obsequies of the late deeply-regretted Earl of Egremont took place yesterday at Petworth-park, Suseex. Lord Munster and the present Lord Egremont were chief mourners. Major-General Wyndham, Sir Charles Burrell, Mr. Percy Burrell, Rev. C. Boultbee, and other branches of the late Earl's family,:also assisted at the ceremony, which was performed in the presence of the numerous tenantry of the deceased nobleman. Owing to the funeral of the venerable Earl, the fox-hounds of General Wyndham will not meet this week. There is in the possession of a person residing near Monk Bar, in York, a cock, of the golden pheasant breed, which last year changed his speckled nppearance for a pure white. This year, however, the feathers of the cock are of their original colour. A somewhat similar occurrence is, we perceive, related by a correspondent of the Farmer's Magazine for the present month. MR. GISBORNE AND MR. BAGSHAWE.—In consequence of some remarks made by Mr. Gisborne, at the dinner at Buxton, on Tory oppression, in which he said that some leading Tories had been guilty of disgraceful conduct in relation to the licensing system, W. J. Bagshawe, Esq. referred to the subject at the Chesterfield dinner, and chal lenged Mr. Gisborne to substantiate any case in which the magistrates had been influenced by political feeling in granting licences. Mr. Gisborne therefore addressed a letter to Mr. Bagshawe on the subject, denying that what he said had allu sion to the magistrates. and saying that the documents and signatures to which he did allude were in his possession, and open for Mr. Bagshawe's inspection. Mr. Bagshawe declared himself individually satisfied with the disclaimer, but inti mated that Mr. Gisborne's lett er was not ingenuous. Mr. Gis borne considered this to be an insinuation which he could not allow to be made, and required satisfaction. In reply, Mr. Bagshawe said he meant nu insinuation, and added, " I feel, on consideration, that I was not warranted in stating to you that I should publish your letter, in order that the public might judge whether it would be characterised as ingenuous. " With this Mr. Gisborne has declared himself satisfied.— Sheffield Independent. HANOVER, Nov. 2.—Yesterday an agreement was signed here, the object of which is to afford mutual facility in the commercial relations between the Prussian commercial league and the States of Hanover, Brunswick, and Oldenburg. Two agents are here at the present moment to negociate the formal accession of Lippe Buckeburg to Hanover. Lippe-Des mold and the Hessian County of Schaumburg cannot now maintain themselves much longer in their present insulated position. On Wednesday week, a singular but rather alarming event occurred at Harrietfield, a short distance from this town. Almost immediately after the servants, consisting of three men and three women, bad dined, they were seized with a severe vomiting, and other symptoms, as if they had partaken of poison. Medical assistance was immediately procured, when the painful sensations in the stomach were greatly abated. It is not known what bad occasioned the above dangerous symptoms, but it is conjectured it must have been some portion of a mixture for cleaning boot tops, which had been pi epared the day before, getting into some of the vessels in which the food had been prepared. We are happy to add that the sufferers have nearly or all recovered from their disagreeable mishap,....Ke/so Chron. I VIE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1837. THE KITEING DINNER. IRISH NATIONAL EDUCATION. (From the Pilot.) West is too great a fool to be mad—only for that maxim of experience and the brutal insensibility which is asso ciated with intellect as it approaches the brute—the condi tion to which he has reduced himself would drive an intelli gent being to insanity. His life had been like one of the " fat weeds that float on Lethe's stream," until promo tion for any Tory lawyer in Parliament infected him with speculative politics. Poor dull weed, what has his spe culation done for him ? He brought corruption so close to the boudoir of the ermine, that it well nigh stained the robe itself. Not one peaceful moment has he had since he attempted the party game for which nature and habit had so unfitted him. Ruined fortune, an upbraid ing father-in-law, war abroad, ruptured peace at home, scolding, squalling, kiteing, feeding, dunning, and empty pockets ; this is the reward of departing from the com fortable apathy towards politics and the little guineas quietly coming in to the son-in-law of an Irish Judge. Poor man, again say we—who exchanged a life of brawl ing written speeches, and turmoil, for the fat contented ignorance which used to procure that happiness which consists in the desires being on a level with the capa city. We really would not condescend to notice in our pages so ugly an apology for a public man, were not him self, his speeches, and his pretensions forced on us by the Orange Press, because he is the miserable instrument pushed forward in the crusade against O'Connell. The dinner, its failure, and its fallacies, which we showed up so completely in a late number, is still reverted to by the Tory Press in a manner unaccountable—if the des perate condition of the party did not excuse the grasping at straws, or that failure is often deemed success with mediocrity. Look back on it West, and observe what a wretched affair it was ! The hopes of tho faction who are fooling and using you are wrapt up in the Lords—they toast them even before the Queen, and yet but one Lord, and he the offscouring of the Peerage, a coachman in nature, a Peer only in name—was the solitary Lordling in attend ance. Who were the rest of the performers ? Murtagh Sullivan, whose name has become a bye-word for humbug and meanness, and of whom all parties are tired. Profes sor Butt, the discarded Editor of a Tory northern paper. A mad Captain Jones—bladdering Perceval, and monkey Bruen, the rejected of Carlow. Such the field officers. The quality of the household troops, of the mass, may be judged by this, that Saunders' newspaper teemed the day after with advertisements for stolen cloaks, hats, umbrellas, all taken and appropriated by the friends of West and purity of election. A lordling—a rabid apostate—an editor dis charged for incapacity, and an ex-Member ejected for ty ranny—these were the elite of a dinner, of which Butlers, guzzlers, and thieves, formed the filling stuff; and the changes upon which have been rung by the Tory Press ever since as a great " demonstration" forsooth, and an impulse given to the plot for raising the wind for West. There can be but one opinion as to the material of that mustering. The work was as bad as the material. We have, in a former number, shown that the speech Jackson emitted then (where were Shaw and Lefroy ?) contained, in vindicating himself from the charge of wilful falsehood, a a glaring repetition of the sin. The lies of Jackson were re lieved by a variety in the absurdity of West. Only think of any man who is let out without a keeper accusing the ' present Government of a law made by Tory Stanley, and of appointments under that law made by Tory Blackburne. ' But West is an ass—a regular donkey ; so there is no use in saying more about hint; nor would more be said, only it is on the shoulders of the ass, laden with the gold of fac tion, that the citadel of the Constitution is to be entered. (From the Glasgow Chronicle.) We inserted last week an extract from a published letter of the Rev. James Carlile, relative to the Irish system of national education. We now proceed to give a portion of the evidence adduced by Mr. Car lile in support of that system. Mr. Carlisle says : The following extracts from the evidence given by Lady Osborne, who at one time was hostile to the National System, and did what she could to educate the peasantry in her neighbourhood through the agency of the London Hibernian and Kildare-place Societies, will perhaps be considered as decisive of the working of the system in regard to that part of Ireland to which they refer, namely, the vicinity of Clonmel : " Did you find any difficulty in obtaining the concurrence of the poorer classes of society in attending your schools previous to the establishment of the National Board ?—ln the Hibernian Schools there is not a single Roman Catholic. In the Kildare Place School there were a good many Ro man Catholics, but it was often empty ; every now and then it used to be emptied for some time, and then the children came again, because I have a good deal of influence in the neighbourhood, and to please me they came ; but then it went on in a very sleepy kind of way, for I could not venture to ask them any questions, and I do not think it is the least use for children to read the Scriptures unless you ask them questions—unless they are brought home to the heart and to their understanding. " Will you state to what circumstance you particularly attribute the occasional absence of the children, at the the times when you say the school was emptied ? It was to the priest's desiring them now and then not to come ; that always emptied the school-house. " And notwithstanding the influence you naturally pos sessed in the neighbourhood, you found that you could not sufficiently counteract this objection which was raised on the part of the priest ? No ; I should like to mention ano ther circumstance. For some time after I returned from the Continent, I was very much engaged, particularly in furnishing my house, and did not give much attention to the schoos ; but afterwards I began to attend very regu gularly, and I found that whenever I heard the children read (for you are not allowed to question them under the Kildare system), I observed they did not read any book of Scripture consecutively. Sometimes it was a chapter in Luke, sometimes in John. I asked the master the reason, and he made no answer ; but he followed me out of the school, and he said it was because the children, a great many of them, would not hold the Testament in their hands ; they have Extracts ; so that whilst I had the Tes tament they read the Extracts that corresponded to the chapter that was to be read. That was one thing that led me to adopt the National System, because I thought it was infinitely better to read a book consecutively, and to have an opportunity of asking them questions upon it, than to run over the New Testament in that sort of way. I thought it was infinitely more profitable. " Will you be so good as state whether, since the Na tional System has been introduced into the schools under your superintendence, you have found that the object was accomplished both of insuring a more regular habit of attendance, and a more efficient system of education ?—A most regular, animating, and numerous attendance. I have about 208 children'in the school, and it is not a sufficiently large room ; it was not built anticipating any such numbers." " But you have had the utmost number in constant at tendance that the accommodation admitted of ?—Yes I have. It is wonderful the number that I have. " And no interruption or difficulty is experienced, either from objections of the priest or of the parents ? Not the least ; and the children were so delighted with the system being changed, even those who had before come merely to please me, that they kissed the Books, they were so glad to get them. Amongst the 208, are there Roman Catholics as well as Protestants ?—They are all Roman Catholics, except about ten Protestants ; but that is only because there are no more Protestants in the parish ; if there were they would all come to me—l have every one, not only in the parish, but those that live two or three miles off. " So that is a perfect system of simultaneous education of Protestants and Catholics, so far as the population goes ? —lt is quite so. " Your Ladyship has stated that the children objected to hold the Testament in their hands ; can you assign the rea son for that ?—Yes ; because they have an idea that the Bible is a Protestant book. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager has been gra ciously pleased to express a desire to give her aid towards ex tending the usefulness of the Newman-street General Lying in-Charity, and to signify that she will become an annual con tributor of ten pounds to the funds of the institution. The Marquis and Marchioness of Abercorn and family left Carlton House terrace on Monday for Dover, en route for Paris. The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield gave a grand dinner on Sunday last at Chesterfield House to the Duke of Rutland, Colonel and Mrs. Anson, and a select party. The Baroness de Norman took her departure on Saturday for Hamburg in the General Steam Nevigation Com pany's packet John Bull; and the Bishop of Nova Scotia left town on Saturday for Edinburgh, in the Company's steam ship Monarch. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland entertained a distinguished party at dinner on Sunday at Stafford House, consisting of the Earl and Countess of Carlisle, the Earl and Countess Granville, Viscount Morpeth, Lady Elizabeth Howard, Lord Leveson, and the Hon Mr. Lascellcs. At ten the superb saloons were illuminated, and their Graces received the following :—The Duchess-Countess of Suther land, the Earl and Countess of Mulgrave, the Countess of Surrey, Lady Rivers, Viscount Melbourne, Mr. William Cowper, Mr. George Cavendish, Count Maurice Esterbazy, and Mr. Frederick Byng. _ . _ " As to the efficiency of the system of education, do you consider that it has proved more efficient in teaching the children than the former system ?—Far more. I think it is the best present that ever was made to the country ; I think it is a most admirable system. " Does the Protestant C!ergy man of the parish co-operate with you in the school ?—He visits it ; he knows that the children are so well taught that he does not come to teach himself. THE WEATHER —At Edinburgh the winter has set in with unusual keenness and rigour. The thermometer, on Thursday morning, was so low as 29. The atmosphere has been thick and hazy, though little rain has actually fallen._ Edinburgh Courant. CLERIGAL CONTINENCE.—In the last number of the Northampton Chronicle, a clergyman is denounced as having been for years a regular weekly visitor to a notorious brothel in that town. The case of clerical delinquency pub lished by the Chronicle appears too atrocious for belief. Mrs. Baring, wife of the celebrated banker, and daughter of the Duke of Bassano, met with an accident the day before yesterday, in the morning, which might have been attended with serious consequences. As she was rubbing a lucifer on the sand paper, a spark flew into one of her eyes. The uneasiness of Mrs. Baring and her friends on this occa sion will be easily understood by those who know that this lady, who is generally admired for her beauty, is particularly remarkable for her tine eyes.—L'Europe. A smart shock of earthquake was felt on the 31st of October in the city of Murcia, in Spain. Several houses were thrown down, but no lives appear to have been lost. SUDDEN DEATus.—On Monday week, Lieut.-Col. Eckersley, brother to James Eckersley, Esq., cotton-spinner, of this town who presided at the Conservative feast, at Hindley, was taken ill and died on Saturday. He was an old campaigner with the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War, and furnished one of those rare in stances in the British army, of having risen chiefly by merit, from a private soldier to a field officer.—On Monday night week, died at the house of John Woodcock, Esq., Wigan-lane, Grace Bailey, daughter of Mr. William Bailey, of the Shoulder of Mutton Inn, Standishgate. She was in apparent good health, employed at needlework, in company with her fellow servants at seven o'clock, and before eight she was a corpse. It is said that she was about to be married, and that the bridal chamber was already furnished.—Bolton Free Press. LORD LONDONDERRY.—Many Correspondents are eager that we should more fully expose this humbug—but really the failure was so ample and complete that it would be only twice "to slay the slain," to take further notice of it. We can assure our Londonderry friends that the insignificant and farcical nature of the proceedings were as well under stood here as they could possibly have been upon the spot. As proof of the fact, if any additional evidence were required, we have only to refer to the solemn but caustic irony of the Mail in itsshort comment upon the matter, and the total silence of the Times and Standard. We have it upon the best authority, that when the Duke of Wellington glanced over the speech of the old Marquis and his hopeful son the other day at the Junior United Service Club, that he could not smother his in dignation, but turning to John Wilson Croker, who happened to be present, exclaimed, " Good God, look here, and see what a pretty mess this old blockhead is again bringing us into." Crocker took up the paper and soon threw it down, heaving a sigh.—Dublin Pilot. " Did he join in the application to the Board ?—No ; he was opposed to it ; but, seeing it work so well, he feels no longer the same opposition. He has some objection against the principle, but, finding that it works so well, he says he shall always visit the national schools that come within his jurisdiction. " Then he has become perfectly satisfied of its efficiency as a system ?—Yes, of its working as a system. " Are there any other schools under the Board in that neighbourhood ?—Yes, there are. I have visited fourteen of them. " Does the Roman Catholic Clergyman co-operate with your Ladyship ?—Yes, he does. In all the schools ?—He visits in all of them. " Have you ever enquired of the Master whether the Priest, when he comes to the school, gives the children any religious instruction whatever ?—Yes, I have ; he never has done it. There was one day, I think, that he heard them their Catechism once. " The Schoolmaster being a Protestant, there was no objection made on the part of the Roman Catholic children to attend the school ?—Oh, none at all. I believe the Priest was so glad that I should co-operate in the system, that he made no objection. The children in my school sing the hymns of the Board, which are very excellent ; they are most devout and pious ; they are such hymns as you would be delighted to put into the hands of Protestant children ; and it is a very delightful thing to hear those children lifting up their little voices in the praise of God. Amongst other hymns they sing Bishop Heber's missionary hymn. " you spoke of the great efficiency of your present sys tem of reading the scriptures in the school. What is your system of reading the Scriptures in the school, which you find so efficient 1-1 think the questions so admirable that are at the end of each Scripture lesson. " Your Ladyship is alluding solely to the Scripture les sons?—Yes, which I think•quite sufficient. I have been often at meetings where I have heard that not only a single book was sufficient for the conversion of a soul, but a single chapter, and even a single verse ; surely, then, I thought it would be very desirable to introduce a system which would give the Roman Catholics four books of Scripture ; that I should have hundreds under my teaching reading four books of Scripture, where otherwise there would not be one. I have heard a meeting thunder with applause, when it has been asserted that a single chapter of the Bible would be sufficient for the saving of a soul. " Have you any doubt that since they have been taught under the National System, as far as it has fidlen under your observation, the language and precepts of Scripture have 'Repine much more familiar to the Roman Catholic poor, than they had been at any former time, and under any other system ?—Much more. I am quite convinced that my chil dren know more of the Bible than at a great many Sunday schools in England, and what they know they know tho roughly. _ . TAXES ON FOOD.—Next to the Bread Tax, which falls most severely on the poorer classes, there are several other iniquitous taxes on different kinds of food, which tend to raise the prices of them considerably. Thus, immediately after the war, the landlords contrived to raise the duty on but ter from ss. per cwt. to 20s. per cwt., at which enormous height it still remains. The duty on bacon is 28s. per cwt., which amounts to an entire prohibition. On cheese the duty is 10s. 6d. per cwt. We may foim some notion of how much these taxes cost the nation if we begin to calculate the quan tity that is annually consumed of these articles. We have no statements at hand comprehending the whole nation, but we see from Marshal's tables, that the consumption of butter in the metropolis alone is calculated to be worth about 2,000,0001. annually. If then we take the whole population of Great Britain ;and , Ireland at 24,000,000, we may, without exag geration, calculate that the sum expended on this article will not fall short of 20,000,0001. If we add to this the consump tion of milk, cheese, and many other articles of food, which are raised in price ,by the Bread Tax, the sum lost annually by the nation will appear so great as to stagger ordinary belief. We do not think there is any exaggeration in saying that the Corn Laws cost the people of Great Britain fifty millions a year. Thus, not only is the working-man ground down to the earth with want of employment, but his food is taxed to the amount of 40s. a-year for every member of his family. At this rate, a man having a wife and four children, pays about 121. a-year, in order that the landlord may pocket 20s. or 30s. of it. '° Do they perceive, that having become acquainted with it, they acquire a taste and a relish for it, different from that which they are found to acquire under any other system ? —Yes ; they have even bought some of the books." The Mary Anne pilot-boat, Brown, master, of Milford, on the 15th inst., ten miles west of Lundy, boarded the Russian ship Whartrue, from Archangel, bound to Bristol, and obtained the following melancholy intelligence frum Cap tain David Coke, late master of the brig Caledonia, of Greenock, from Quebec, viz., " that the said brig was cap sized on the 31st ult., with the loss of one seaman and one ap prentice from the tops . ; was obliged to cut away the masts ; vessel waterlogged, and no getting at any provisions, which reduced the survivors to such a state that they were obliged to subsist on the dead bodies of some of their comrades for seve ral days ; they were taken off the wreck on the 9th instant, by the übove Russian vessel Wartrue. In addition to the above two washed out of the tops, five died of starvation and fatigue. Those saved were David Coke (master), the first mate, the carpenter, James Dal\ ney, second mate, arid James Rimer, apprentice. The said vessel was abandoned in lat. 55 deg. N., long. 15 deg. W. from Quebec, timber laden."—Cam brian. CORONERS' INQUESTS. Yesterday afternoon a jury was assembled at the King's Arms, Half-way House, Kensington-road, to inquire into the cause of death of Fanny Briers, aged 18, a fine young woman,lately in the service of Mr. Grote, one of the Mem bers for the City. It appeared that the deceased was found drowned in the Serpentine River, Hyde-park, on Sunday morning last. She had on the same morning tapped at the door of her sister, a respectable married woman, with whom she resided until she could procure another place, saying she was going to take a walk. She had more than once expressed her re gret at losing her situation in the family of Mr. Grote, and stated her apprehension of becoming burdensome to her re latives. The jury being satisfied that the act was solely attributable to this feeling, returned a verdict of " Tempo rary mental derangement." Yesterday another inquest was held at the North Lon don Hospital Gower-street, on the body of Edward Rout lidge, aged 21, who died in that institution from injuries re ce►ved by the collision of a hackney-coach, and cab No. 1,153, driven by deceased, on the night of the 30th ult. The deceased was intoxicated at the time, and no blame can be imputed to the driver of the hackney -coach. Verdict—" Accidental death." A second inquest was held at the same Hospital on the body of J. Dobrey, aged 31,, a cab proprietor and driver, who died from injuries received by a f a ll, w hil e a tt e mpting to reach the driving seat.—Verdict, " Accidental death." An eating-house keeper in Ande;ston, who has been but a short time marr i e d , comm i tted su i c id e on Wednes day evening, by cutting big throat with a pen knife. As yet, nothing has transpired from which any cause can be assigned for the perpetration of th e ras h act.--Glasgow Chron i cle. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. • Although we are disposed to give credit to those Radicals who have had the independence to oppose the Government, because the Government prudently resolved to give their revolutionary projects no coun tenance, we think it necessary to point out that it is their independence merely, and by no means their po litical judgment, to which any praise can be awarded by us. Some apology is perhaps due to our readers for taking notice of such political declaimers as Mr. Leader and Mr. C. Buller ; but there was so much in their speeches of Tuesday evening of a nature to exhibit the arrogant erroneousness of these pretenders to superior wisdom in political affairs, that we trust we may be excused for wasting some words upon them. It is undoubtedly some merit in these men that they are not so slavishly subservient as others are to those who hare at present the power of distributing official honours and emoluments ; but this merit is combined with as palpable folly, and as gross misapprehension (or the affectation of it), as we ever remember to have witnessed in any persons suffered to go at large, and to take the charge of their own affairs. Mr. Leader is so far from looking with distrust upon the popular clamours for political change—so far from thinking that an ignorant impatience of regulated Go vernment is a popular vice—that he gives us the pre cisely opposite rule as the true one. He says that the people never desire change for the mere sake of change. We say that this is a proposition contra dicted by all experience and all history. From the most instructive of all histories—that of the children of Israel, given to us in Holy Writ—down to the histo ries of modern times, the lesson is still the same, namely, that fickleness is a vice which belongs to the popular nature—that the people ever have desired change for the mere sake of change—and that chiefly from hence arises the necessity of settled Govern ment. It belongs to the folly of such men as Mr. Leader, that—while they seek every opportunity of flattering the temporary judgment of the people upon matters surrounded by passion and preju dice—they neglect, or oppose, those judgments of experience, which the people have adopted as proverbs. The fickleness of the popular mind—or as it is sometimes less respectfully called, the fickleness of the mob—has from the earliest times been proverbial. When Virgil seeks to illustrate the fickleness even of the winds, now raging in fearful tempests, and now lulled into gentle calm, he finds his apt similitude in the behaviour of the popular crowd Ac veluti =gnu in populo cum strpc coorta est Seditio, saevitque animis ignobile vulgus ; Jamque faces et saxa volant, furor arma ministrat : Tume pictate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quern Conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant ; Iste regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet. But it is not necessary to inquire into the history of crowds, or even to go out of ourselves to find the direct contradiction of that proposition which seems to be the rule of Mr. Leader's politics. Every man who is patient and humble enough to become acquainted with his own moral nature, by looking within himself, will find that the desire of change for the mere sake of change is an infirmity of fallen humanity, for the correction of which he must call in the aid of self-government, or be at once wretched and contemptible. It is only by a stern sense of duty, and by obedience to duty, that this wretchedness of our nature is overcome. 'Who is there of thought and feeling that has not experienced what the poet so beautifully describes P-- " Me this unchartered freedom tires, I feel the weight of chance desires ; My hopes no more must change their name, I long for a repose that ever is the same." Who does not know (if he has ever given himself up to serious thought upon the nature of his moral being), that in a principle of duty and obedience this repose is alone to be found—that principle alone it is which— " From vain temptations does set free, And calms the weary strife of frail humanity ?" . _ _ _ So much for Mr. Leader's grand rule, which must lead every one who follows it into error, because it is a rule of unrule—a settled adherence to what is ever changeable. If the fact of the people asking for change in the Government be a good reason for making that change, there would never be any such thing as settled Government to the end of time. Mr. Leader gives the popular wilfulness as a rule of right in political matters—Mr. Buller, on the other hand, supplies us with a rule of wrong. Whenever the sentiments delivered in the House of Commons by a Member of one party are applauded by the Members of the opposite party, the sapient Mr. Buller lays it down as a rule that something wrong has been uttered. Nothing can, in our opi nion, be more indicative of a poor, narrow, and fac tious mind than the enunciation of such a rule as this. We cannot tell, indeed, whether the Hon. Gentleman who favoured the House with it was se rious or not, for we believe he often intends to be jocular without succeeding in making his intentions evident to those who listen to him. But as we do not find the usual note of jocularity in the report we have read—to wit, a parenthetical advertisement of laughter—we have a right to suppose that he intended to be as serious as so witty a Gen tleman ever can be. His opinion is, then, that when a man utters an observation of such a na ture as not only to meet general assent but gene ral applause in the House of Commons, he has, in all probability, said something erroneous or foolish. A wise man would have remarked just the opposite of this. Disagreeable as truth often is to each man individually, and little sympathy as a candid avowal, or a sentiment of universal generosity, will frequently find, when men are expected to act upon that sympathy, there is yet an impulse in human nature which responds to what is just and acknowledges what is generous. Commend us to the sentiments, and the mode of expressing them, which draw forth unpremeditated and unprompted cheers from both sides of the House. There is hardly a villain so heartless as not to have approbation snatched from him when something honourable to the nature which he abuses is suddenly submitted to his view, and the rather if he have his fellow men around him, to whom he wishes not to seem so base as he is. No doubt there are Members of Par liament (Mr. C. Buller may, perhaps, have known such a one, ever since he was returned to the House of Commons), who can never hope for approbation save from the little party or school of politicians to which they belong ; but the really honest politician—the man of enlarged mind, of comprehensive intelligence, of generous sym pathy with freedom, and manliness, and goodness wherever they may appear—that man, without in trigue, and without base submission of any kind, will win the spontaneous approbation of both sides of the House. But enough—and, perhaps, too much— of these Radical sages. They are, after all, much to be preferred to such audacious practisers of mendacity in public matters as Mr. O'Connell, who will flatter such errors as theirs out of doors, to get applause from the mob, and vote against them within doors, to get something more substantial than applause from the Minister. We hope the disgusting treachery of Mr. O'Connell to the Radicalism he professes at " Working Men's Associations" will not be without its good effect in proving to the English working people that Mr. O'Connell is a political knave. At Stockport he won the applause of the working people by telling them that the Government did not deserve to stand if it did not support the plan of voting by Ballot. The very day week from that on which he made the statement, he voted against the amendment of Mr. Wakley, for in forming her Majesty that the House of Commons deemed the mode of voting by Ballot to be a necessary reform I Whenever anything politically dishonest is to be done, Mr. O'Connell is sure to lend a helping, hand. It is extremely dishonest in any man holding the political opinions which Mr. O'Connell professes to hold, to support the present Government, after the declaration which, on behalf of the Government, Lord John Russell has found it prudent to make.—illorning Post. The " second Magna Charta," as the whig-radical writers used to call the whig Reform Act, appears to stand a very poor chance of attaining the venerable age of " Magna Charta the first," which weathered more than five centuries without losing much of its vitality or good name. Little more than five years has the " bill, the whole bill, and nothing but the bill," existed, and ti th e andoo country n g t r l o y r v o i u t I s t t the very men who hailed its birth as the dawn of at' f 00 y °n s hould b e title of its concentrated purity and wisdom - Tie ra ho in r • ro le r g s i O l f a a ti°n—wl it fr?in the filched or altered, now are as eager to tear his greateD statute-book as they were to place it there origloa._Y_; Only five autumns have passed since t revolutiono if production of human wisdom—this ina,gnificent by the " . nation of liberal policy, was presented . „ ministers to the enraptured people—blossomnia has a lready 1 . 10 ,. richer promise than Aaron's rod—and The oin . +(I fallen into " the scar and yellow leaf." was ions wand that, wielded by a liberal ministry, r e exorcise the foul spirit of corrup be a tion and bribery eleit re of the representation, is now discovered to oder juggler's imposture. Molesworth spurns it; Weld e l tramples upon it ; Hume derides it; a lld h et eselve s. uses it as a rod to flog reform ministers t We recollect the time when at least a score ci s P le , n ,lo f GreY' reputations were carved out of the popularity ei Reform Act. It gave glory to the name 0 itino lustre to the title of Brougham and Vaux, reP n L o f to the house of Russel, eclat to the borine Seinu.. he a Althorp, and immortalised several other distingu its specimens of patriotic Whiggery, besides castinggvihn fainter radiance upon dozens of the Whigl.ings'_tarit all took care to announce to the world the por ktrnpo' fact that they had a finger at least in the great itt 3 which was to make &gland, indeed, beyond she ever was before—" the envy of surroundng? the tions and the admiration of the world. Ale s ' e nt great statute which Lord Chancellor Brouehain ° but in down upon his knees, not metaphorically, , d e ' reality, to implore the Lords to pass, i s alreatiY 4t , Glared to be not worth the paper on which it is ,' OO , ten, by the very party that used to impute to the they servatives an intention of repealing it if ev er ,: , e in should come again into power. Truly w e "I t te strange times. The very palladium of Radic al yell is attacked by the Radicals themselves, an d n why prevented from being subverted and utterly -n re , latcd by their Conservative opponents, who all not solved, if possible, that the Destructives 81 ! To even be allowed to destroy their own wc) ne ieg hear the Radical leaders rail against this Act ne el; some time past, and clamour vociferously for its r e _r t he ought to operate as a warning and useful lesson 0' the people of England, how they allow themsel ves f°r d future to be led by such " blind guides," for bl'n posts must they have been, upon their own sli cvv ii to when they threatened the country with a revolutin re, carry a measure which they now almost threaten a w ill volution to repeal. We imagine, however , theYeielo. not be able to get up for the purpose another 'ewer, dramatic exhibition of 150,000 Brummagem bar° ale men, assembled on Newhall-hill, such as that a1311:00 ling scene" of which Lord Chancellor Broug rds, raised the curtain to intimidate the House of w h ich The Reform Act was the " cloak of charity" 'nonce covered a multitude of Whig sins. Being !tea stripped of that, the Whig Ministers must be n f li t he and destitute indeed ! But what are we to say °I t he political sagacity of the Molesworths, the Leaders' de' Wakleys, and Humes, who over and over aga in t he scribed it, when in progress through Parliamen t, ° vs ' deluded people as one of the greatest political "bC ° ol ,le that a Liberal Ministry could give, or a gratefu l P e be e receive ? If they wrongly describe the Bill now w o e they say that it has rendered the state of the r e p res dr tation worse and more corrupt than ever, they ar e i be ceiving the people again ; and if they rightly des ions it, they condemn themselves as the most eg re g i s e , simpletons that ever led a credulous people into a firing mire and called it a paradise ! We remem ber he s t i; one of those radical leaders who now heaps upo, ll Reform Act the most unqualified abuse, telling tn e r t is t pulace at a public meeting in Lincoln's Inn-fiel ds ' ecr " if the bill passed, the working classes wou ld nol° 11 :' have to labour 12 or 16 hours a-day, and scarcely .e 9 'lO r ,,, a subsistence by their toil, but that, on the co l ley the bill would so improve their condition that trs would have to work but four, or, at most, six b. °l e t f and have all the comforts and many of the luxuri es by life !" That orator improved his own co nditin n i f . means of the bill, but his sansculotte followers receing ed as its first fruits only the tender mercies of th e % e t' poor-law, the ounce of cheese, the Bastille souPcdl separation from wife and child. People of Ellg`c t e , will ye again trust to such leaders? Their own s t r a in meats convict them of unexampled knavery or art folly.—illorning Herald. co l Lord John Russell has declared himself in .rn t i e f to the Ballot, because he is of opinion that the f at h er an elector having given his vote on one side or th e ° it cannot be kept secret. Either secrecy is possible' ° t ie' is not :ifit be not possible—if no man, howev e o re sirous he may be to keep his vote unknown, can se his that object, of course, as Lord Nugent admits in t he able pamphlet which we noticed on Friday, las t ' argument is at an end, there is no more to be a llot about it, and those who are most frindly to the n t ei must give it up as the means of attaining the en d . t 60 0 have in view. But the supporters of this P si pot cannot pretend that mechanical contrivances inaYdis , be resorted to which will effectually prevent th e his covcry of the side on which the elector has giv ell, ihe suffrage, and conceding this they concede all. b ie question is—Can a man who wishes that has " neighbour should not know which way he voted at an election conceal the fact if be ' s a iid termined to do it ? Grant that to be possil i i ic t i 0 0' we want no more. There are thousands anti " c if' sands of persons possessing the franchise in ric o cumstances to render it a matter of no conseq u ii , to them whether the part they have tak e° the contest be known to all the world ; but, ° II ho se other hand, there are thousands and thousands w t heir success in life may and does depend upon keeroine,„ o o vote secret, and what is required is, that such "der of giving the suffrage shall be adopted as will, re oa lP it the fault of the possessors of it, an d their fun't,-ores' if the fact be known bey Ballot' jt ond their own This mode, we confidently contend, is the to is no answer to say th a t landlords will be t oile d' or surmise which candid a t e th e i r t enan t s have suPPlee s - There are many way s by w hi c h con j ec tures, mor e c oo' probable, may be formed, but still they will only be, o ill jectures. Suppose, for instance, a 501. te nant'n t s, for has been heard by his landlo r d or by his neighbeu r one of some time previous to an election, speaking in fa 01 1 a particular candidate ; or suppose that, after the arty has closed, lie expresses himself rejoicedthat on e t osay has succeeded or the other been defeated, who 1 5 .!' h 1.0 whether his vote by the Ballot has accorded w i n e hag declared opinions, or whether, on the contrary,i,l o ho not thus endeavoured to blind the individoat'e has might vindictively punish him for the vote n r eal really given ? An elector under intoxication ca a . ' betray his own secret ; but even in that case it very not be made a matter of certainty; a nd til e alt ect circumstance that it is impossible to arrive at ore thae truth, and that suspicion can never be Ivo r „ o ile r suspicion, will cure the evil : those who hav e e ti t t ' er to or influence will sec the folly of attempting e 1 him control a voter before an election, or questionsthe ti" after it. Thus, in due time we shall get rid of . t ioo ranny sin lel, of coercion, and of the nuisance of sol icit ! th e ' and canvassing ; and that system which appea r o outset likely to occasion duplicity and decept! Slid the k l° 00 ere long, put an end to every thing of thei r e 5 voters will be allowed to go up to the accord, and at perfect liberty to give theirs u to the precisely as their consciences ma • dictate. voi' Y lied to g odium attached to the term " secrecy, ap p nie thi l/ sop-- Ir ing at elections, it is sheer nonsense, or , presto dea worse—an endeavour to create an u nfouo resort he poll of fro g dice out of a mere word, because they WI °. t i o g t n t the expedient have no better means of re 5 11 ,5 agi iiit b s e force of argument. Let those who inv.e t i v iii oot or , secret voting show us, if they can, tha t . ,and t he [r odeo° ls the means of putting an end to inti Th at ou l ruption by the mere effect of secrecy. t re eh kill point. We do not mean to deny tb a g ° b° ould ti be better satisfied if every man c so ,c 1 n trio' leg and openly to the poll to tender his un boilg 151 has be e e a biassed suffrage : that experiment 'a C ori has notoriously failed. It has introduce . il i a loO n 'lloto the • resis t • ni er of vice and venality, menace and cn n l - .." 9 " ll what ridiculous absurdity it is to ev ils' is ( 10 t ese- 4 ; e cte, os e when it will demonstrably destroy b i g t t" because certain squeamish or design - . l k i s , that afraidare not like the word " secrecy." T h e tru;_ text who avail themselves of this flimsY P s cent' ill of the good that " secrecy" will assure ;100 and they resist the Ballot becaus e the)