The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-01 00:00:00

Lip „ LIT'"'P ITURE . pu i lie tt . 0 I LI AN TRZT ' i .7?e, a True Tale (t the r Re well.,, 3 r i ti H. W. Herbert, author of 6 . Oliver Cron , 0 5. c reak correctly does the of these volumes reae of . author - . ag es , ' ' his work—" a Roman novel of the classic of --- aa one " difficult of execution and doubtful taan ' i ll fest , s s . :•" Its difficulty has probably been d ubiou s to him by experience, Awhile its It s des ,* chances of popularity may be inferred from 1 tlio had a l ga. It l a b ours under two disadvantages. in 'est 1 ' Moo, although the taste of the novel and 41?aitpublic, has greatly improved of late years, , tea hi s , ho ugh political topics are freely discussed, thEorieal events fully described within the limits ree,th volumes, yet the subject of this work, the e aleel s , e Place, and the chief actors, are scarcely o rison wd to interest the general reader—they are (6 0 ,.._ too historical ; w hil e t h e numerous d eta il s th e '111:eu important i n th emse l ves ) , an d , a b ove a ll , N ' es , ° hes in the Senate (however appropriate, or ah oy." excellent), tend i ng to confirm the impres al. at he is readin g a history and not a novel, de r orlstr,_the in terest of th e b oo k , an d d e f eat t h e o bj ect ittir aathor. O n the other hand, to the classical ; th esi e :t• or the lover of history, for whom their abvoillestrllle.sisvuosutld have most attractions, these 1 appear quite superfluous. No modern titot i e s- meats can approve attractive to those ac- N. d with the stirring scenes of ancient . times, as 9114 t 4 Ci cer 7 l by the old masters. No English version • eith th em 8 orations can be desired by those familiar ta itk i tin in their native eloquence—who cares for a 8, %hi p Presence of the original ? Against 1 " e ertithi l : a rising from these opposite causes—from to oth er of the one class, and the insouciance of I X Crias the author of a classical novel to con -4.41 4 t he " Roman Traitor," however, these e 1.,. rants,. .e t l e .. aes are in some degree counterbalanced, by i le lasilitiesentitlin it to favourable consideration. a , N etW,.. rst ,Place, it is g valuable as a picture (more or a ee l% - -cut) o f i n . lo ft . the Romans as they were—as they 93' b e t he last days of the Republic, during what 9 ti le • a lmost / • 01... 1 ,2% glory was being exchanged for the ex i kL - re i ttr t grandeur for empty glitter. We are a i l 4, g e „iced to them in their domestic life—a I tk aeld t ir ra Po and of barbarism and effeminacy ; we I It - illei lt h... 111 their warlike sports ;- we listen to their Ilt i o h , .6 o h7hgues, and to their familiar discourses, I L . spi t ki ii .. __Ted senate and the festive board." We C s q, tioll e 7 s hand admire the elevated sentiments r 1,7 4 14, 0 ":mduct of those Romans, truly worthy of f !te tt e ) While with ineffable horror and disgust ao, a * 1 0 , 9 11 . 14 he ", from details (many of which we could • \ ;:it tune "omitted) of the appalling cruelty and t 1 • t tpat t i r allty which disgraced too many of those o;it Patio • tas t i t , of Cicero and of Cato—bearing the once p ow that tit, of citizens of Rome. We would fain ofpl..., o 'r ev • Herbert has somewhat overdrawn this ' lil ts "'„tle i s e rtheless, taking it as a whole, his picture to otti 'ae fair Peculiarly valuable just now. Now when, the re for i ts c ity of the Tiber, our country is conspid ph, ar e no , wealth, its grandeur, and its power ; an a s p/o u i ci ‘ wanting those who, judging feom the lo o i;r9afo Construe that prosperity into an omen of ta ‘ uts l i coo - d i l t i Let such but carefully contemplate the litti gler ~,,,° , 1 3 of civilised Rome, and then compare, 1 / 4 8 e rese ki rst • it with our own : they will find thei t BB.l fet i,: a nee, they will find little cause of alarm. Aotkeetui, War—rich in territories and treasures— ptti,a ~..,t I, Y the acknowledged " mistress of the NI,. ter citizens of Rome, in the days of pros , iti t i a ttl h i :Nal-shed the practice of those stern vir lottlisksloutluu,.`eemarosrals which had characterised them of energy and exertion. Possessed Lit the Wealth, their only care was to obtain lt ly meanest gratifications : luxurious dainties tetii44o4,4lParelling, constituted their chief delight. 'l4 i .„ 1 4, wh ich no longer conspicuous for the noble Ni.7e1, 1 . animated his breast, but for the gorge- L 04reiseoralch enveloped it. Such, at least, was the l q t , b y oul e great Portion of that once glorious people. 1 de n „lee ts . pre • P - ` 4 4' • th e Pertly, they plunged into all manner 1 40 the eects of their own triumphs thus hoOterou ,c ause of their defeat. With us, it is 1 4 4 r'rit '• q -ti of Y k ui Like them, we have obtained great Iff ete ,high JoWer : like them, we have reached a Iclikelt kieti7vilization—but its effects are of a very ; th t tcl t a f o but ~o t 1 1 - , , ike them, we have raised a goodly ; tt 'd teto-heats,u all e ' xi l ke them, do we devote . all our time ; eat lelli u r wealth and energies, to adorning lie eev • sit m - tael e , atloo, " 3 exterior—increasing its already 'tri o , s, fhb kldin gilded domes and stately s th u kfab ' for g 1 to ,,erl v4 • vie t n ,, Want of adequate snpport, the a' r ettl et nPle p - e rs to its fall. Our exertions are ; tb s .e l U,_ a ttra ef f ': not satisfied with adding to the 1 "we - le -el 's, we look within. We remedy, tt re 8 ,0 1 We i,,,,. 0 k titi hßth e ' Te us e "'Prove the internal portion,_ but, a 1 oNittitt,,,Nng the re atly extending the base. We are OR) so flu. f ro f oundations on which all depends, I ou ttl e . t itat hs e, otirrwonelapl Tying dangerous . to only welfare 1 th'tour'aore secure. and prosperity serve to 1 L tl ev at • B enat Not like Rome do we de r • °u . °s and citizens into Sybarites ; we '+e q the auch i4 th P 1 11 1 , L it , t , OoD.h t .„ People into citizens and senators. r ; 'I% 40 14 cY7.- , may be suggested by a perusal_ t ,P) t, tße sti • 4 traitor," although most probably r 1: 1 01, ili c l, -Q t lB were not • tended by the author ; 1 4' 111 d -ee from few incidental remarks, his „ t he to ;4 )(4 err on the side l of too much liberality. i : 4 t1 41 14,„ 1 irn to his work. Impressed with 1 P', tf - ' 8 nature of his task—a Roman !ol kk tv the classic ages—Mr. Herbert has t i ee t i Spared no pains to render these to s ßce os l eserving of such an appellation. Ihe style tp t :lc and impressive, and if at times somewhat i h. Ivkate, and even formal, it is not ill in accord the theme. Some of the dialogues and efi t it,,,p are very forcible and emphatic. The tt littA e aurse, partly fictitious; the greater portion , 4 4.4 41 14, t v er, is strictly historical. The narrative 'ot t hk has been closely followed, though the il taleat o f ,A,„ f __ the incidents has been, apparently, te-sw from Ben Jonson, the novel commencing L t ) s rea us t :e game scene, and giving translations of LNI 3 , t.% tisi s i Peeches as does his poem (as he calls ° rt, tt :tee-e s , t ue." Of these translations it is t o _ ,e ~,1 1 loV,' to speak ; they are perhaps ap cPte;thoTaced—a work intended to represent k i `l e loektsta! mans would be incomplete without ‘ l ,,,'`„the , i t c' speeches in the senate. The first lo t i Taithe n - l e l ateeTl i s famous oration against Cati 'ltitB ao tu Y tr a ,°f banishment. This has been tit, ey s:th e ea ses °slated, indeed almost too much so, 1 / 4 3 's Bo no e peni s - t he exactitude of the translation IsOl t ey thknilitude. The same words do not nth At i : t essed e j e allie ttleas, and synonymous ideas t lpt NI, • 1 44, 4 very various manners. But al tett Nt am i ti‘s rt the merit of having expressed 4 0 ' 5 th eus vas correctly, it is in the manner of t rai t o w oeth,,. th at he has occasionally failed, '„ , 114,„ „.. ..• : ~ . ta ps ne, ~ ei e " is surely no easy task eo hs et tw .ate ot _. era. For instance, at the .B‘l•Otat ed " that impressive appeal—that 4, Jit a_ . bu rst 144 04 th e ma r, rl 44 to o f eloquence, when, on the k) , 4 44% k:e isui. , appear in his place in the ' to t erbe Consul I ndignantly turns to him, , it s , e ll • rt, Wer e Np, Il k a n , i , Catalina, patientia nostra ? t f l t tli t a e ll ri. tr , of °thus to preserve the majestic and 1 4 , : , stit IN .., y, anci e b atin oration, has translated 4 4 (14 414 e. eat / A ult , , y so doing, has destroyed the , O,N sO T h 'c brevity for which it is no less Iti 19 te el e whol e f Vill. P0). 4 Nlle ot f __ ()me of that famous ejacu th het The. 0 more r° l l,l; .its very lack of words tr i ' te 'i' th e °4o ll4 8 • is quite lost in the trans klYl,:t t o 8 ati th e " of the discourse is, however, tilt t tip, er uptii o „ e , ° nlmencem en t ; not following _th e a tioQsea to il i s LY, it is more like what Cicero t t ne t , tttroeed, Su perior the to Ben Jonson s version l it ol i l lla ok Itol;_are hardly satisfied with the cha t't 4,54 m ade IT: Traitor, as delineated in the ti,,,it N t ef a ,„• Ri st n ame —it is that of a monster ' l OOl4 ‘•;ati,• 01 7, it is true, has transmitted %,es t 4 h 1 le o to I;ttk a ire ardly h the reprobation of posterity, k t .tti t iNnted to i re been guilty of the enormi et ‘. 1 1.e. they L i m ; or, if so, it is not in such ttlgottoikelto?Worittatic; ~,i3z.oitailtide have been so prominently tt‘ l 4474' „: 1 „ Yet that e .is introduced to us as a Ito is apparently no more his 4 4 4Or that f the Roman assassin, or to o B cl f iti te lt nY oth er 8 ° 1 . 4 01. 110 A ra erm of reproach. If the au do,7l)ettaaattj,ring I ,Z , and others, have been cen- V 94 14 8 e ports ? appear attractive, by their ' • atatte from a its of itsperpetrators • Mr. It tl l ti Y a ' hi ,l )4 tg 0 , th e Btotally opposite cause, pro -1004 t r; hor ror a P o e effect. He has failed tq l z oi t n t, so e e t i stiss , s r the crime by concentrating 01 74, 41. t, t h at a iv i• Our disgust for Catiline ttet s eOf h . of i . a , we have none to spare for him 4 9 gl iL ire 1 ,. al le ast I ss , 4 r ; indeed, his treason pears v t ' ' r Y f - ennl ee• Some ' ofthe other h N A t is, orajw • t t J14...144 1%18, Y conceived —that of Catiline's lc ta."; lc": an d histhe most interesting. Reared 4,N4 or fittie • Ne , ILS tai ever y k i , g wife Orestilla, in the or , ~ Ilt t i ti .gbt be expect nu her conduct and character os We k id ,a 1 luiied from her education, till, "' ° i 4 er h uenee of love, her heart becomes ,o sitt z a mth W., 0 1, ,_ k .4 v e el • being renewed. The battle k it e h a y f„ ,sing scene of ia t i t 7 s o - s vtsi.s _ore t hi„ _ es the conspirator's .7 P urtrayed but the account 1 it ois ) nren is , con . , 14 16 ,4 k ge t . 413 gallant"et, his emphatic address ti_n tie -ct u •Pl the thickest bearing, and, lastly, his L' 4 ,4 4 l , 4st ‘i wi th 4 of the fi ht almost alone— ;44 tit. at,Pla rte glory high 1 . ~ L el itr4 TY ith dby thas his despair,. horT 4 tit te thata4llY.faulte almost revolting picture of tLe_ lo t ,-,lt 0,: ehar osot _ a, many of which are almost . tlomitl os - Ntt es q'' s "it ' l ' of the work itself, it will I stl i a s; • DO. ;lt ° man Traitor " possesses many m n b o it i i n o c u o s n h si e d w er o a u b i l , e l . 4 L A ' (IPt‘' ,'better d If ; It eit tle ci e , _tl i l j e l : ll h a e l l_ n r_b i Ye, rrlienscsas et %l, l ' e d• in the tells us he will find conso- INNlS e t e ... "re i nch fact that he has " run for a k o at. Wea l p7 to st . e l to think he would find it 4 ar e ab e rive f or I 4 1 'Pee- mo re l• a more moderate one, 4 kli tntl irlle tis _.„likely to obtain. The fol . s it kth i s 411 era : ...... s °: the d elineations of Roman 'll / 1 / (41 a ft o l e t d izti g rathi "Ooistr E , 1 , 0, 4, t hie ~,,s1): rendered herself, by the 41101 TTI thitt borderede supreme mistress of Q ll the Illediterrisaean, wealth. avarice. and luxury, like some contagious pesti lence, had &rept into the inmost vitals of the common wealth; until the very features, which had once made her famous - to less for her virtues than her valour, were utterly obliterated, and for ever. "Instead' of a paternal, poor, brave, patriotic, aris tocracy, Rome bad now a nobility valiant indeed and capable, but dissolute beyond the reach of man's imagi nation; boundless in their expenditures, reckless as to the means of gaining wherewithal to support them; oppressive and despotic to their inferiors; smooth tongued and hypocritical towards each other; destitute equally of justice towards men and of respect or piety toward the gods! " Wealth had become the idol—the god—of the whole people; wealth, and no longer service, eloquence, integrity, or daring, was held the requisite for office! Wealth now conferred upon its owner all magistracies and all guerdons—rank, power, command—consulships, provinces, and armies! " The Senate, once the most grave and stern and just assembly that the world had witnessed, was now with but a few superb exceptions a timid, faithless, and licentious oligarchy--while—the name whilom so majes tical and mighty—the people, the great Roman people, was but a rabble!—a vile collusion of the offscourings of all climes and regions!—Greeks, Syrians, Africans; barbarians from the chilly north, and eunuchs from the vanquished Orient; enfranchised slaves, and liberated gladiators —a fierce, factious, turbulent rabble! " Such was the state of Rome, when it would seem that the gods, wearied with the guilt of her aggrandise ment, sick of the slaughter by which she had won her way to empire almost universal, bad judged her to de struction, had given her up to perish, not by the hands of any foreign foe, but by her own—not by the wisdom, conduct, bravery of others, but by her own insanity and crime! " Yet, at this darkest season of the State, one hope was left to Rome—one safeguard—the united worth of Cicero and Cato. The statesmanship, the eloquence, the splendii and unequalled parts of the former—the stern, self-denying virtue, the unchanged constancy, the reso lute and hard integrity of the latter—these, singular and severally, might have availed to prop a falling dynasty, united, to preserve a world!" supernal mercy ; nothing of that sweet hope, that un dying trust, that consciousness of self-unworthiness, that full conviction of a gl,)rions future, which renders so . boautifid and happy, the submission of a dying Christian ! us, and which, in addition to the usual contents of an almanac, gives us the British and American tariffs; extracts from the Navigation and Customs Laws ; forms of Custom-house entries, in ~ rards and outwards; and, in fact, every species of information that can by possibility be useful to the merchant in the conduct of his business. It is clearly printed and admirably arranged, and will henceforth be the merchant's vade mecum. " No ! there were none of these things ; for, to the wisest and best of the ancients, the foreshadowings of of the soul's immortality were dim, faint, and uncertain. The legends of their mythology held up such pictures of the sensuality and vice of those whom they called gods that it was utterly impossible for any sound understand ing to ace. pt them. And deep thinkers were conse quently driven into pure Deism, coupled too often with the Epicurean creed, that the Great Spirit was too grand and too sublime to trouble himself with the brief doings of mortality. -------- _ LA JAHOTTIERE IRON COM PANY. (From the Alining Journal.) A special general meeting of the shareholders was held at 22, Throgmorton. street, on Thursday, the 26th inst., pursuant to advertisement. Benjaminlfill, Esq., in the chair. The advertisement, convening the meeting, and the minutes of the committee, by virtue of which the same was summoned, in accordance with the provisions of the Acte de Societe, ha v i ng b een read, the clause (15) in the Act, empowering a spec i al general meeting of the share holders, holding more than one-half the number of shares, to increase th e cap i tal on such terms as they might determine, was referred to ; and, it appearing that more than two-thirds the interest of the company was present, or represented, the meeting proceeded to the business for which it had been called. The CHAIRMLN observed that, it appearing from the representations made to the committee, under date the 27th ult., that it would be expedient to extend its. operations by an influx of capital, by the issue of new shares, or such other modes as might be determined upon by the shareholders, the com mittee had called the present meeting. Mr. Lamie Mur ray, who was well informed on the several points of in terest and importance in the consideration of the ques tion, and who, moreover, had particularly directed his attention to the subject, would submit to the meeting the views entertained by the committee ; and, at the same time, readily afford such exp l anations, or information, as to the nature of the company's affairs, and the prospects it presented, which might be required, and which, he doubted not, would be deemed highly satisfactory. Mr. L. MURRAY observed, that certain resolutions had been drawn up, with the view to their adoption by the meeting ; and, such having been read, it would af ford him pleasure to enter into the subject fully, and to render to the proprietors present such information as he possessed. The resolutions having been accordingly read, Mr. M. proceeded to observe, that in the establishment of the company, as in all similar instances, difficulties had interposed, which, however, he was happy to say, had been dispelled ; and that the drawbacks met with had, on their being overcome, only convinced the directors that the value of their property was fully equal to their most sanguine expectations; while they only required additional capital to develop its resources, and derive those advantages which were apparent. The Act by which the company was governed, authorised the extension of the capital ; and the object of the present meeting was to determine the amount, and, furthermore, whether the result would justify such course. He, for one, had no hesitation in expressing his opinion most fully in favour of the accession of capital, and observing the most liberal terms—considering, as he did, after the outlay already incurred, that a further application of capital, to the extent of that already expended, would not only treble the make of iron, but quintuple the pro fits ; and hence the advantage of admitting other capi talists with them, while each shareholder would have the option of taking additional shares, and thus increasing his interest, or otherwise. M. Dr ri= begged to interrupt the speaker for a moment, to inquire whether the. 15th article of the Act authorised the extension of capital, for the construction , or erection of mills and forges, or was rather confined to the blast (haut) furnaces. A reference to the Act at once settled this in favour of the proposition, advanced by Mr. Murray, of applying the newly-raised capital to the extension of the works, and the manufacture of bar or rod-iron, sheet, &c., as might be henceforward deter mined upon. Mr. L. MURRAY, in continuation, observed that the present capital might be considered as about 500,000 fr., or 20,0001. ; while, to effect the desired object, it would require a further outlay of 20,0001.—thus making the entire capital of the company 40,000/., or 1,000,000 fr. This increase, it was proposed by the resolutions sub mitted to the meeting, to create by the issue of new or additional shares, of 1000 fr., 5001 r., and 250 fr.—it be ing understood that the power of voting was confined to the scale laid down in their deed—viz., 5 shares of 1000 francs, 1 vote ; 20 shares, 2 votes ; and 30 shares 3 votes : thus, it would require a party to hold 20 shares, of 250 francs to place him on an equal position with the holder of 5 shares of 1000 francs, and thus pro rata. There could be doubt but that the works would become of infinite importance, from the facilities afforded for the manufacture of pig and bar-iron. it a comparatively insignificant cost, as compared to that attendant on the introduction of English pig or bar-iron in France. He might observe that, in the prosecution of the affairs of the company, he had taken upon himself a heavy responsibility ; but it was highly gratifying to him to be in a position in which he could congratulate the proprietors, not only on the prospective returns which might be calculated from the works, but on the actual re sults at the present moment ; as he had no hesitation in saying, that not only might the outlay incurred be realised, with a handsome surplus, but that the present operations, confined as they have been, would leave a profit of 30 to 40. per cent. on the manufacture. The cheapness and excellence of the ores were undoubted, and a reference to the weekly returns of the make and cost would render this demonstrable ; the iron ore WAS moat only 2* tons being required in the m anu f a ct ure o f a t on o f readily fusible, and was of a produce of 40 to 45 per cen t.— iron, and which was rendered at 3if. per ton ; while the quantity of coal might be set down at 30 cwts. to the ton of pig-iron, but which was slightly exceeded with the present make. He might here observe that, in the first instance, nearly three times the quantity of coal was consumed, arising from the ill construction of the furnace, as affected the peculiar properties and richness of the iron ore to be treated ; but this had been set right, and hence the reduction in the fuel consumed. It might also be remarked that, in the use of hot air, a considerable saving had been effected by the application of the gases, or heat, to raise the blast to the required point ; breeze, or small coal, being :only used as an ad junct. Some remarks had been made out of doors by parties, who evidently had not troubled themselves with the perusal of the prospectus, or an inspection of the accounts, and whose expressed opinions were calcu lated to mislead, without explanation being afforded. He should not occupy the time of the meeting by entering into any detail, as the accounts, and every information relative to the property, were available fir reference, and would at once satisfy the mostsceptical ; while acomparison of the advantages, or disadvantages, could at once be ar rived at. As re gar d e d the manufacture of iron i n France, he believ e d h e was correct in saying that 7-10ths of the quantit y sme l ted there was from charcoa l ; and it must be b orne i n mind that, with respect to t h e monopoly which p reva il s i n France; and which h a d it s natural influe nce on the affairs of the company, t h at such must exi s t, if t h at the Government would not ren der that cou n t r y d ependant on supplies from the on l y two countries in Europe who could render them, viz-, England and Belgium ; at the same time, such a mea sure would desiroy one important branch of their na tional industry —one it would be so difficult to re-esta blish, after it had been ruined and its elements scattered. However, other industries in France may be opened to free-trade hereafter —there must ever be, from obvious reasons, a protection on iron manufacture, equal to the difference of cost price in England, in Belgium, and France —or leave the latter country dependent, under every circumstance, for a supply of - a primary article, e i t h er in France, or even on these two countries. There could be no question but that iron might be smelted in France (La Jahottiere), and converted into pig iron or rough casting, at a price very considerably less than that of Welsh pig, or other iron after paying freight, duty, &c., while, by the use of Welsh anthracite coal with the French ore, and availing themselves of cheapness of labour, vicinity to nicrkets, &c., no doubt could exist of their returning large profits. Mr. Pocoox observed that he c , nsidered the resolu tions proposed far too liberal. He. in common with other gentlemen, had risked his capital ; and although some time had elapsed ere returns were made, yet he never entertained a sanguine opinion as to the results. He, for one, although he should not oppose the s esolutions read to the meeting, could not but express the opinion he entertained, that the course proposed—that of ad mitting the public at par, was an act of excessive liberality. Mr. Tenon agreed, in a great measure, with The last gentleman, but as it had been well observed by the chair man, and others who had addressed the meeting, the position of the company was that of a certain capital having been expended ; and in holding out to the capi talist to embark in common with them, by an equal equally Ysecution derive w advance to that which they had made, they ' would, in fact, place themselves in a far more ad vant agftov , s posi tioitnh, them while the the profits new ariarising shareholders from t w h o e u a l would active prosecution and further devolopment of the works. The whole scope of the Roman's hope and ambition, then, was limited to this world ; or, if there was a longing for anything beyond the term of mortality; it was for a name, a memory, an immortality of good report. _ _ "And pride, which the Christian, better instructed. knows to be the germ and root of all sin, was to the Roman the sole spring of honourable action, the sole source of virtue." " ASTER THE BATTLE. "The battle was at an end; the sun had set; the calm and silvery moon was sailing through the azure sky, as peaceful as though her pure light shone upon sights of happiness alone and quiet. " The army of the Commonwealth had returned to the camp victorious, but in sadness, not triumph. * * "Meanwhile, the frost wind had arisen, and blew cold, and cutting over the field of blood. Its chilly freshness, checking the flow of blood, and fanning the brow of many a maimed and gory wretch, recalled him to so much at least of life as to be conscious of his tortures; and loud groans, and piercing shrieks, and agonising cries for water, might now be heard on all sides, where, before the wind rose, there had been bat feeble wailings and half unconscious lamentations, " Then came a long wild howl fl orn the mountain side—another, and another! and then the snarling fiendish cry of the fell wolf pack. " Gods! what a scream of terror, freezing the very life-blood, burst from each helpless sufferer, unanimous, as that accursed sound fell on their palsied ears, and tor tured them back into life! " CAT/LINE. " He was a tall and well-framed figure, though so lean as to seem almost emaciated. His forehead was un usually high and narrow, and channelled with deep horizontal lines of thought and passion, across which cut at right angles the sharp furrows of a continual scowl, drawing the corners of his heavy, coal-black eye brows into strange contiguity. Beneath these, situated far back in their cavernous recesses, a pair of keen and restless eyes 'glared out with an expression fearful to behold—a jealous and unquiet ever-wandering glance— so sinister and ominous, and, above all, so indicative of a perturbed and anguished spirit, that it could not be looked upon without suggesting those wild tales, which speak of fiends dwelling in the revivified and untombed carcases of those who die in unrepented sin. His nose was keenly Roman; with a deep wrinkle, seared, as it would seem, into the sallow flesh from either nostril downward; his mouth, grimly compressed, and his jaws, for the most part firmly clinched together, spoke volumes of immutable and iron resolution, while all his underlip was scarred in man, places with the trace of wounds, inflicted beyond doubt in seine dread paroxysm, by the very teeth it covered. * * * * " His motions were quick, irritable, and incessant; his pace, as he stalked to and fro in the narrow area of the archway, was agitated and uneven. Now he would stride off ten or twelve paces with strange velocity; then pause and stand quite motionless for perhaps a minute's space, and then again resume his walk with slow and faltering gestures, to burst forth once again, as at the instigation of some goading spirit, to the same short-lived energy and speed. " Meantime, his colour went and came; he bit his lip till the blood trickled down his clean shorn chin; he clinched his hands, and smote them heavily together, and uttered, in a harsh and hissing whisper, the most appalling imprecations on his own head—on him who had deceived hies—on Rome, and all her myriads of in habitants —on earth, and sea, and heaven—on every thing divine and human." " But cries were of no avail; nor prayers, nor strug gles, nor even the shouts, and trumpet-blasts, and bran dished torches, of the legionaries from the camp, who hoped thus to scare the bloodthirsty savages from their living prey of friend and foe, real comrade, and false traitor. "But it was all in vain; and, ere long, to the shrill drawn howls and fierce snarls of the hungry wolves, battening on their horrid meal, were added the flapping wings and croaking cries of innumerable night-birds, flocking to the feast of carcases; and these were blended still again with the sharp outcries and shivering sobs, that told how keener than the mortal sword were the beak and talon, the fang and claw, of the wild beast and the carrion fowl. " Such, conquerors, such a thinEr rti ,41,):y!" DISPATCHES AND LE i TERS OF LORD NELSON. Vol. VII. Edited by Sir Nicholas Barris Nicolas. Now that this magnificent work is completed, we can form from experience some conception of that national importance which, from anticipation, we were disposed to conjecture would be its great cha racteristic. In these seven splendid volumes we dis cover the realisation of the wish expressed so tersely and emphatically by a writer in the Quarterly Review, who exclaimed—" The nation expected, and was en titled to expect, that while cities vied with each other in consecrating statues in marble and brass to the memory of our Nelson, a literary monument would be erected, which should record his deeds for the im mortal honour of his own country, and the admiration of the rest of the world." That literary monument is here completed. To say that it is eminently worthy of the great hero whose prowess, whose wisdom, whose patriotism, and whose genius it is intended to illustrate ; to say that these pages constitute the most copious narrative of his history ever published ; to say that the documents are authentic, that the inter mediate descriptions are detailed without degenerating to unnecessary minuteness, graphic without departing from the severe style most appropriate to the records of such chivalric actions, and varied in manner, without detracting from the uniformity, and, so to speak, the uniqueness of so illustrious a career ; to say, in fine, that this work is a fitting record of the life and deeds of Horatio Nelson, is to pronounce at once a fact and a panegyric. The present, and concluding volume, comprises the correspondence of Lord Nelson from the Ist of August, 1805, up to the fatal but glorious victory of Trafalgar. Almost every imaginable description of letter or note, whether a business communication to one of the officials in Parliament-street, or the veriest scrap of an invita tion to dinner, are here treasured up as memorials of the writer. We do not presume that any individual will have the folly, or—shall we say it P—the audacity to cavil at the completeness of this correspondence. It cannot be forgotten that the disposition of an his torical character is better divulged in those trivial circumstances, which the superficial would be disposed to regard as insignificant; that we may best obtain an inkling of the home qualities and mental pecu liarities of such a personage, from the examination of those little domestic epistles, which are thrown off with all the unreserve of familiarity, than from the staid circumspection of professional intercourse. Un questionably the most interesting epoch in the history , of Lord Nelson, is that which constitutes its termi nation ; and that epoch is, of course, contained in this concluding volume. Already we had followed the greatest of all sea captains from his birth, in the parsonage-house at the village of Burnham Thorpe, in the county of Norfolk, on the 29th September, 1758. Already we had watched the development of his character, when stealing pears in the school garden at North Walsham. We had pursued him, in imagination from his entrance, as a midshipman, on board the Raisonnable ; from his transition to a West India merchantman ; from his promotion to the Triumph; from his East Indian voyage in the Sea horse • from his removal to the Worcester; from his being lieutenant in the Lowestoffe, commander in the Badger brig, and post-captain in the Hinchinbrook. We had followed him to Corsica, when the English were pretending to sustain the cause of the illustrious Paoli; to the capture of Bastia, on the 19th May, 1794 ; to the siege of Calvi, where one of his eyes was destroyed; to the battle of St. Vincent, 14th February, 1797. We had seen his life saved by the devotion of his coxswain, in the murderous boat action in the bay of Cadiz ; and his loss of an arm in the expedition of Teneriffe. His unparatled victory of the Nile, in 1798, fought at anchor and at mid night; his diplomatic success at the bombardment cf Copenhagen, in 1801; and his proceedings, in refer ence to the flotilla of Boulogne, had been successively submitted to our scrutiny in the preceding volumes, together with the family misunderstandings which tended to the embitterment of the life of Lord Nel son. It remained for us to behold the termination of that adventurous and extraordinary career, to watch the closing of that eventful and surprising drama, to recognisethe consummation of such unequalled daring, of such assiduous patriotism, of such brilliant ser vices, of such perpetual and unprecedented disinte restedness. We had yet, aided by the accumulated embellishment of his private correspondence, and by a multiplicity of official documents, to scrutinise the circumstances of Lord Nelson's final achievements, to re-consider the glory and solemnity of his death— aagdaeianthutphoen m th os e t t h a e r r d o i i n c e i e t e i o m f o t d h e e rn r h eo is o t m or p y e — ns to es lament bya more a r e donegr atefulso much for his country upon c th ° e uhi re o la n t l i y ves be of l o a n vi e shed who h Nnaottivheinr could a wellndwh had h o em received so little in return. satisfactory, as far as noveltythe p an ag d e copiousness heredevoted of t o information thedese r description ono concerned, f these than occurrences. The sea fight off Cape Trafalgar, the demise of the conqueror, the combined paroxysm of joy and grief into which the English nation was f p u l u n n e r g e e a d l o p n ot n the reception o e a n t f r itehsa with w h intelligence ieh t h e a nd o or the pee of our heroic and immortal Nelson were consigned t t h o e the do i m r e r e i s n t in th g e - d c s e t i o n f S th t e .P te a m ul's Cathedral, pleconsecra under consecrated d " hy. r re ligion ligion to the god of armies." We can readily enter into the emotions of the people on witnessing that august ceremonial, when we recur to the account (given by the editor in the preface to the present volume) of Nelson's last departure from this island, when, on proceeding to the place of embarkation at Porsmouth for the purpose of going on board the Victory, " A crowd collected in his train, pressing forward to ob tain a sight of his face ; many were in tears, and many knelt down before him and blessed him as he passed. What Lord Hawkeskary said in the flush of anguish consequent upon the arrival of the news of that great man's death, may, nevertheless, be repeated in the calmness of criticism, and after the lapse of many years :—" All the virtues which could adorn human nature were to be found in the illustrious Nelson. The attribute of mercy was what most eminently dis tinguished him. In the language of the poet, it was not his wish to Wade through slaughter to a throne, Or shut the gates of tWrey to mankind." These volumes were absolutely requisite ; they are a splendid memorial of the glory and dignity of the naval service of Great. Britain Sir IL Nicolas has admirably acquitted himself of his very difficult and responsible editorial duties. Under his supervision, the work has been issued in a manner most creditable to all who were engaged in its production. Let Nelson's motto be never forgotten—" Palmain qui meruit ferat !" " A ROMAN DINNER. " They retched the triclinium, a beautiful oblong apartment, gorgeously painted with arabesques of gold and scarlet upon a deep azure groundwork. A circular table, covered with a white cloth, bordered with a deep edge of purple and deeper fringe of gold, stood in the centre, and around it, three couches, nearly of the same height with the board, each the segment of a circle, the three forming a horse-shoe. " The couches were of the finest wood, inlaid with tortoiseshell, and ivory, and brass, strewed with the richest tapestries, and piled with cushions glowing with splendid needlework; and, over all, .upheld by richly moulded shafts of Corinthian bronze, was a canopy of Tyrian purple, tasselled and fringed with gold. " The method of reclining at the table was, that the guests should place themselves on the left side, propped partly by the left elbow, and partly by a pile of cushions; each couch being made to contain in general three persons, the head of the second coming imme diately below the right arm of the first, and the third in like manner; the body of each being placed trans versely, so as to allow space fur the limbs of the next below in front of him. " The middle place on each couch was esteemed the most honourable; and the middle couch of the three was that assigned to guests of the highest rank; the master of the feast, for the most part, occupying the central position on the third or left hand sofa. The slaves stood round the outer circuit of the whole, with the cup bearers; but the carver and steward, if he might so be termed, occupied the side of the table which was loft open to their attendance. * * * * * " And now the feast commenced in earnest; as the first course, consisting of fresh eggs boiled hard, with lettuce, radishes, endive and rockets, olives of Vena frum, anchovies and sardines, and, the choicest luxury of the day, hot sausages, served upon gridirons of silver, with the rich gravy dripping through the bars upon a sauce of Syrian prunes and pomegranate-berries, was placed upon the board. * * * * * " Now to the melody of Lydian lutes, two slaves introduced a huge silver dish, loaded by the vast brawn of the Umbrian boar, garnished with leaves of chervil, and floating in a rich sauce of anchovies, the dregs of Coan wine, white pepper, vinegar, and olives. The carver brandished his knife, in graceful and fantastic gestures, proud of his honourable task; and, as he plunged into the savoury meat, and the delicious odour reeked up to his nostrils, he laid down the blade, spread out his hands in an ecstasy, and cried aloud, Ye Gods! how glorious!' * * * * * 31, " All dainties that were known in those days minis tered to this feast: oysters from Baize; pheasants, a rarity but lately introduced since Pompoy's conquest in the East, hail been brought all the way from Phasis, on the southern shores of the Black Sea; and woodcock, from the valleys of lonia, and the watery plains of Troas, to load the tables of the luxurious masters of the world; livers•of geese, forced to an unnatural size by cramming the unhappy bird with figs; and turbot fricasseed incream; and peacocks stuffed with truffles, were on the board of Catiline that day, as on the boards of many another noble Roman; and the wines by which these rare dainties were diluted differed but little, as wisest critics say, from the Madeiras and the sherries of the nineteenth century; for, so true is it, that under the sun there is nothing new, that in the foies gras of Strasburg, in the turbot a la creme, and in the dindons aux &lilies, of the French metropolis, the gastronomes of modern days have only reproduced the dishes whereon Lucullus and Hortensius feasted before the Christian mra." " A ROMAN BOUDOIR. " The very atmosphere of the apartment was redolent of the richest perfumes, which streamed from four censers of chased gold placed on tall candelabra of wrought bronze in the corners of the room. A bowl of stained glass on the table was filled with musk roses, the latest of the year ; and several hyacinths in full bloom added .their almost overpowering scent to the aro matic odours of the burning incense. " Armed ohairs, with downy pillars, covered with choice embroidered cloths of Calabria, soft ottomans and easy couches, tables loaded with implements of female luxury, musical instruments, drawings and splen didly rolls of the a ma t ory b ar d s an d p the Egean islands, compl e t e d t h e p i cture of tl,:eetbe,s)sueds of o iriqf the Roman beauty. " And OFl . $l, couch piled with the Tyrian cushions, w hich yielde,d to the soft impress of h er l ove l y form, we ll worthy:4)f the splendid luxury with which she was surrounded, lay the unrivalled Fulvia." " JULIUS C/ESA/L " He was not much, if at all, above the middle size, but admirably proportioned, whether for feats of agility and strength, or for the lighter graces of society. But it was his face more especially, and the magnificent expres sion of his features, that first struck the beholder—the broad. imaginative brow, the keen, large, lustrous eye, pervading, clear, undazzled as the eagle's, the bold Roman nose, the resolute curve of the clean-cut mouth, full of ind' mitable pride and matchless energy—all these bespoke at once the versatile and various genius of the great statesman, orator, and captain who was to be thereafter. " At this time, however, although he was advancing towards middle age, and had already shaken off some of the trammels which luxurious vice and heedless extra vagance had cast around his young puissant intellect, he had achieved nothing either of fame or power. He had, it is true, given signs of rare intellect, but, as yet they were signs only ; though his friends looked forward con fidently to the time when they should see him the first citizen of the republic and it is more than possible that, in his own heart, he contemplated even now the attainment of a more glorious, if more perilous, elevation. " The locks of this noble-looking personage, though not arranged in that effeminate fashion which has been mentioned as characteristic of Cethegus and some others, were closely.eurled ab+ au his brow; for he, as yet,exhibited no tendency to that baldness, for which in after years he was remarkable—and reeked with the choicest perfumes. He wore the crimsoned .bordered toga of his senatorial. rank ; but, under it, as it waved loosely too and fro, might be observed the gaudy hues of a violet-coloured banqueting dress, sprinkled with flowers of gold, as if he had been disturbed from some festive board by the summons to council. In the course of the discussion which ensue: I, prior to putting the resolutions to the vote, which i n the end were unanimously carried, it appaared that tlu 3 intention of the committee was the introduction of anthr ucite from South Wales, whereby the ore could be re&uced with advantage, as had b( .en proved by the ex periments already made at the works ; the comparative ( lost of pig iron, smelted at La Jahotierre, and put in mar kot, being 31. I Is. 4d. per ton — while tha cost in Wales, and add e d .3s. 7d, p er ton. wouldthereto b t e h freight,e 7l.4s. ld insurance, duty, and oth, ar charges, ~ or a difference of 31. 1 A vote of thanks having been passed to T.: L. Murray, Esq., and M. Daprez, and also to the chairman,, the meet ing adjourned. DEATH THROUGH ANxttrv.—On Saturday an in quest was held at the Jolly Coopers' public-I muse, in Clerkenweli-close, on view of the body of Mary Moore, aged 65, whose death occurred under very melancholy circumstances. It appeared that some months ag o the deceased had her pocket picked of 2204 and havin g rea son to suspect that the robbery was committed b y two men that were then employed by her in doing son se re pairs, she gave them into custody, but they . were liberated at Clerkenwell Police• court for want of evi dence. Subsequently they brought an action against the deceased for false imprisonment, which was to have been tried on Thursday last ; and during that and se' reral previou s days she expressed great anxiety as t(j the result, expressing an opinion that she should have • to go to prison, and die there, for the damages and coi its of the suit. That fear operated so powerfully on her I same that she gradually became more enfeebled, and k a the afternoon she sunk exhausted into the arms of Mrs. Davis, a neighbour, who had known her for years; and before medical advice could be procured she died, in the presence of several members of her family. The j cry expressed themselves satisfied that the death had: re sulted from over anxiety of mind, and returned a vet diet in filet a frek.. As he Ca=sed through the crowd, from whi•'i loud roe the shout, following► him as he moved along— Hail, Cains Caesar ! long live the noble Caesar l'—his slaves scattered gild profusely among the multitude, who fought and scrambled for the glittering coin, still keeping up their clamorous greeting ; while the dis penser of the wasteful largesse, appearing to know every one, and to forget no face or name, even of the humblest, had a familiar smile, and a cheery word for each citizen." " RELIGION OF TILE ROMANS. " There was nothing humble, nothing soft, in their stern and proud submission to the inevitable necessity ; nothing of love towards the hand which dealt the blow— nothing of confidence lu - supernal justice, much len 14 THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDA Y MORNING, DECEAIBER, 1, 1846. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE OXFORD, Nov. 23. CLASS LIST—MICHAELMAS TERM. CLASS L Bastard, Edmund R , Commoner of Balliol. Bright, William, Scholar of University. Connington, John, Scholar of University. Cookson, Christopher, Scholar of St. John's. Espin, Thomas E Scholar of Lincoln, French, Thomas V., Sc'eolar of University. Ince, William, Scholar of Lincoln. Palgrave, William G., Scholar of Trinity. Read, George S., Commoner of St. Mary-hall. Walton, Henry 8., Commoner of Pembroke. CLass 11. Baring, Thomas G., Gentleman Commoner of Chris Church. Curteis, George H., Scholar of University. Hill, Richard H., Demy of Magdalen. Hooper, James J., Commoner of Wadham. Hunt, Edward G., Commoner of Exeter. Joyce, James G., Commoner of Magdalen-hall. Merriman, Henry G., Fellow of New-college. Oates, John, Scholar of Lincoln. Walford, Henry, Commoner of Wadham. CLASS 111. Browning, William T., Commoner of Exeter. Gibbons, Sir John, Ba r t., C ommoner of Banjul. Gibson, George R., Commoner of Oriel. Harvey, Thomas, Commoner of Balliol. Hayden, Ch ar l es F., Scholar of Corpus. Hill, Edward, Commoner of Wadham. Jones, Bulkeley P., Commoner of Brasenose. Lowe, Edward C., Bible Clerk of Lincoln. Marrett, Clement A., Commoner of Pembroke. Masterman, Thomas, Commoner of Wadham. Nowell, Thomas W., Commoner of Brasenose. Parker, William F., Scholar of Pembroke. Peake, John Commoner of Magdalen-hall. Phillipps, James E., Commoner of Christ Church. Rumsey, James, Commoner of Pembroke. Tweed, Robert, Bible Clerk of Exeter. Whitehead, Thomas, Scholar of Exeter. Wilkinson ' Robert P., Exhibiti oner o f Li nco l n. Williams, Thomas, Scholar of Jesus. CLASS IV. Bright William R. Commoner of Balliol. Cholmondeley, Thomas, Commoner of Oriel. Bade, Edward, Commoner of Balliol. Hartshorne, Thomas W., Commoner of Wadham. Harvey, Henry A., Student of Christ Church. Hughes, John, Commoner of Ori e l. Hulme, Edward, . Commoner of Balliol. Lawrence, George G., Commoner of St, Edmund-hall. Potter, George, Bible Clerk of Queen's. Pulman, William W., Commoner of Christ Church. Rice, John M., Demy of Magdalen. Robinson, John, Scholar of Oriel. Sumner, Robert G. M., Commoner of Balliol. Whishaw, Alexander, Commoner of Trinity. Williams, Charles P. M., Commoner of Jesus. Thomas Frederick Henney Charles Daman John Ernest Bode Examiners. William Edward Buckley A numerous and most influential meeting was held his forenoon at the Town Hall, in aid of the Society for ,he Propagation of the Gospel. There were present the Bishops of Oxford and Newfoundland, the Vice-Chan cellor, _the Master of University, the Provost of Oriel, Queen's and Worcester, the Rector of Exeter, the War dens of New College and All Soul's, Archdeacon Clarke, the Rev. C. P. Eden (Vicar of St. Mary's), the Rev. John Hill (of St. Edmund Hall), a considerable num ber of masters of art, and junior members of the Uni versity, the mayor, and several of the principal inhabi tants. Some able and animated speeches were delivered. The Rev. Mr. Hawkins, of Exeter College, the Sccretary of the Parent Society, remarked " that the Church must throw off some of her coldness and dignity, and unite for work," a sentiment which was loudly cheered. It is hoped that the funds of the society, through the power ful impulse now given to it, will in future be better sup ported than they hitherto have been in the University, particularly among the under-graduate members, many of whom, we know, are animated with the warmest feel ings in its favour. The Professor of Poetry will deliver hi s t erm i na l lec ture at the Clarendo n , on Monday, Dec. 7, at 2 o'clock. CAMBRIDGE, Nov. 28. TRINITY COLLEGE. —GRAND COMMEMORATION. It i , reported that a grand festival will be held, to commemorate the foundation of this College, on the of next month, the third centenary. The following rumours, connected with the promised commemoration, Are from the local press:-- " The invitations amount to 600, and amongst the invited guests are Prince Albert, all the Peers, the Judges, Bishops, and Members of Parliament who have graduated from the College, and all the resident Masters of Arts. We believe it is, as yet, undecided whether ladies are to be invited."—lndependent Press. " We are not in a position to go into details, but we believe that invitations to a grand banquet will be sent to all the late Fellows of the College ; Noblemen, Bishops, Judges, Deans, Archdeacons, and Members of Parliament, who are, or have been, members of the College ; Doctors who have been on the foundation, the heads of houses, Professors, and officers of the Univer sity."—Cambridge Chronicle. DIVINITY. The Regius Professor resumes his lectures on the Thirty-nine Articles next term. PKILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. The following papers were read at this week's meet ing: —On the structure of the syllogism (Professor de Morgan, continued arum last meeting) ; on the case of defective vision (Mr. Goode) ; on some cases of fluid motion (Mr. Stokes) ; on a new notation for expressing various conditions in geometry, mechanics, and astro nomy (Mr. O'Brien). THE CHURCH. The following appointments have taken place:— The Rev. G. Hodgson Thompson, M.A. • of Pembroke College, to the rectory of Barnet-fryern, Middlesex ; value 225/. The Rev. Gardiner Guion Guyon, St. Peter's College, to the curacy of St. Simon Zelotes, Bethnal-green. The Rev. Richard Prickett, M.A, of St. Peter's Col lege, to he perpetual curacy of Trimdom, Durham ; value 1801. The Rev. Manners Octavius Norman, 8.A., of Cor pus Christi College, to the vicarage of Croxton, Keyrial, Leicestershire. value 206/. The Rev. Edward Drury Butts, M.A., of Queen's College, to the perpetual curacy of Christ Church, Helhaish, Dorset. The Rev. Thomas Fardell, L.L.8., of Queen's College, to the vicarage of Sutton, Isle of Ely ; value 1,2001. The Rev. Edward Dyer Green, of Queen's College, to the curacy of Middlezoy, Somerset. The Rev. Charles Maynard Hesilrigge, M.A., of Queen's College, to the rectory of Garlton Curlieu-with llston, Leicestershire. The Rev. John Atcherley Ashley, 8.A., of Jesus College, to the curacy of Great Saxham, Norfolk. The Rev. George Coventry, 8.D., of Jesus College, to the incumbency of St. Peter's Episcopal Chapel, Rox burgh-place, Edinburgh. The Rev. Thomas Gleadon Fearne, M.A., of St. Ca tharine's Hall, to the p er p e t ua l curacy ofSt. John's, Holmfirth, Upper Thory, 'Yorkshire. ,„. The Rev, Welbury I.llRton, M.A., of St. Catharine's Hall, to the perpetual curacy of St. Paul's, Manningham, Y 4 wkshire. The Rev. John Loveban,l Fulford, M.A., of Trinity College, to the perpetual curacy ot Woodbury, Devon. The Rev. Augustus Barker Henasworth, 8.A., of Trinity College, to the vicarage of Breckles, Norfolk. The Rev. Thomas Troughton, M.A., of Trinity Col lege, to the perpetual curacy of Haverthwaite, Lanca shire. The Rev. William Norval, of Emmanuel College, to .he perpetual curacy of St. James, Bermondsey, Surrey. EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MEDICINE.-1846. The following candidates have lately passed this exa mination : FIRST DIVISION.-MEDICAL SCHOOLS. Brown, Frederick James, University College. Francis, Dayrell Joseph Thackwell, Guy's Hospital. *Gull, William Withey, Guy's Hospital. Hindle, Richard, University of Edinburgh. Hudson, John, Leeds, and University College. Nevins, John Birkbeck, Leeds, and Guy's Hospital. Noyes, Henry George, Guy's Hospital. Parkes, Edmund Alexander, University College. Topham, John, University College. SECOND DIVISION. Blake, James, University College. Carey, John, Richmond Hospital, Dublin. * To Dr. Gull was awarded the gold medal for a com mentary on a case in medicine. ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—The Court of Examiners assembled at the institution in Lincoln's Inn fields on Friday evening, when the following gentlemen were admitted members :—William Meehan, John Newell, Daniel Wilson, Matthew Ledger, George Baddeley, James F. Jackson, Herman H. Tribe, Frede rick Manger, John J. Halls, Richard Gravely, John G. Musket. TIM WELLINGTON MONUMENT ON BLACKDOWN HlLL—Thirty years have elapsed since we mingled with the gay throng forming a procession from the town of Wellington, to lay the foundation of the monument in honour of the illustrious Duke of Wellington, ON the summit of the range of Blackdown hills. A brilliant as semblage of visitors to the spot presented itself on the occasion, and never before had so numerous an array of spectators been concentrated on the denuded tract, thenceforth destined to distinction, by presenting a per manent testimonial of the reverence, admiration, and gratitude entertained by the surrounding gentry and public, towards one of the most illustrious warriors that ever achieved his glories to the benefit of his own age, and the welfare of posterity. On the occasion to which we allude, the late Lord Somerville, associated with the late truly estimable W. A. Sandford, Esq., were pro minent in their promotion of tho object to be then con summated, and the foundation-stone was laid of a lofty triangular monument, discernible to navigators, both on the English and Bristol Channels, and distinguishable within a space of many miles, almost from all parts of the western division of Somerset. Our editorial labours have lasted sufficiently long to require that the same pen which so exultingly recorded the foundation of the Wellington monument should now lament its decay. The elevated position on which it stands renders it as sailable to the most subversive influences of the elements, nod stormy equinoxes, the scathings of the lightning, and the rigours of the frost have wrought their injuries on the monument, to an extent which requires season able intervi-ntion to avert further mischief. A sum so small as 1001. timely applied may arrest the threatened destruction of this fine and costly structure ; and all who feel interest,il in its preservation (who does not ?) are invited to contribute to the purpose.--Taunton Courier. IPSWICH AND BURY ST. ED MUND'S RAILWAY. The experimental trip of the engineer and contractor to test the solidity of this line, and its fitness for work ing purposes, took place on Thursday last. No public announcement having been made, the whole matter was kept as quiet and private as possible. The train consisted of a fine new engine, called the " Bury St. Edmund's," decorated with flags, and two first class carri ages , one o f which was the new smoking saloon, fitted u p i n t h e style of the smoking saloon be longing to the Eastern Counties Company ; one second class, and two third class carriages, the whole forming a very neat "turn out," and in every way calculated to prove the soundness and durability of the works along the entire line. Upon the engine we observed Mr. J. C. Cobbold, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Mr. J. F. Sauuders. Secretary to the Company, Mr. P. Bruff, the engineer-in -chief, Mr. Footman, managing director, and Mr. Martin, superintendent of the line. The engine was driven by Mr. Taylor, superintendent of the locomotive department. In the smoking saloon and the other first-class carriage, were Mr. T. D'Eye Bur roughes, Mr. G. Josselyn, Mr. A. Cobbold, Mr. A. Ran some, Mr. W. May. Mr. Ogilvie, acting manager in be half of Mr. Brassey, the contractor, Mr. Young, cashier, and various other gentlemen. The whole being in readiness at the Ipswich station, the train was backed on to the Bury line, and the first start was made in the finest possible style precisely at twenty minutes to eleven, amidst the cheers of the pas sengers which were echoed back by the groups of people assembled on either side of the deep cutting. Little time was allowed for reflection—shriek went the whistle. of the engine, and amidst shouts of " down with your heads gentlemen," to those who travelled as " outsiders," the train shot into Stoke tunnel, and was soon threading its dark recesses. The scene was extremely novel to those who had never before travelled through the bowels of the earth—the shrieks of the engine, the clatter of the carriages, the whizzing of the steam, the shouts of the passengers, mingling together in uproarious and strange confusion. The 380 yards, the length of the tunnel, were done in 1 minute 30 seconds, and the train emerged at the Ipswich end, amidst the hurras of the labourers, and other persons assembled about the works. Passing through the cutting at Crane-hall hill, away the train speeded through the valley to Bram ford, reaching the Blakenham station at 2 minutes to eleven, where the first stoppage took place. Thence it continued its course through the valley affording, on the right, a fine view of the splendid seat of Sir W. F. F. Middleton, Bart., and reached Needham-market at ten minutes past eleven. Here a number of people were assembled, who appeared to be highly amused with the novel spectacle. The engine being again put in motion, the train rapidly approached what had formed the most perplexing portion of the works—the carrying the line over what has been termed " the bog." The train pro ceeded at a good pace amidst the cheers of the passen gers, answered by crowds of people on either side of the line. It soon became evident that engineering skill had surmounted all difficulties—the line without the slightest undulation of any kind, proved sound as rock, and precisely at twenty-five minutes past eleven, the ponderous locomotive and train of carriages, were brought to a stand still in the very centre of what can now no longer be termed " the bog," but as sound a piece of railway as any in the kingdom, its suc cessful completion affording the highest 'po i ssible credit to the engineer. Hundreds of people had-ttrrned out to witness the arrival, and they cheered lustily, as flags flaunted from various points, and the bells rang their merriest peals. Passing through a long sweep of valley, Elmswell station was reached at eight minutes to twelve, where a number of people were assembled, whose curiosity being amply gratified, the train emerged into the deep cutting through Norton wood. Here, for about fifty yards, the only oscillation was ob served, this portion being the most recently finished on the line. The train slightly " bumped " here and there, but not so much as some had expected, and perhaps not more than is observable upon many parts of newly formed lines. Thurston station was reached at 11m. past 12, in capital style, and during the few minutes so journ P. Bennet, Esq., M.P., with some private friends, Joined the directors in the smoking saloon. Emerging from the cuttings, upon the embankments on this portion of the line, Bury St. Edmund's was soon descried in- the distance, and, after a fine run, the train app roac h e d th e noble bridge at the en d of North-gate -street. and stopped precisely at 30m. past 12, having accomplished the whole distance from Ipswich to Bury St. Edmund's, according to railway time, in 1 hour and 40 minutes. exclusive of stoppages at the various stations. Green and red flags flaunted from the parapets of the b'ridge, and a large number of people were assembled in North gate-street, who welcomed Mr. Cobbold, Mr. Bruff, and the directors, as they alighted, w i t h warm acc l amations, It was stated that thousands would have been assem bled, but that the arrival- had not been made public, though in the vicinity of the station great bustle was observable, not the least prominent of which was the assemblage of omnibuses and cabs, to convey the pas sengers to their respective destinations. A splendid dejenni was given at the Angel Inn,, by Mr. Cobbold and the directors, at which were present about 30 of the principal inhabitants. M. Cobbold took the chair, Mr. Saunders officiating as vice president. Mr. Ogilvie also gave a handsome dejeuni at the Globe Inn, to about 150 gentlemen. At both entertainments, after the usual loyal toasts, " Success to the Ipswich and Bury St. Edmunds Railway," was drnnk in bumpers, and mutual congratulations were exchanged upon the successful completion of the works, whether as it related to the entire line itself, the works at Stowmarket, or the series of bridges along the route, all of which were pro nounced to be most sound and durable in construction. Little time, however, was allowed for discussion. By two o'clock the parties re-assembled at the station, Mr. Cobbold, Hr. Bruff, Mr. Saunders, and the directors, arriving in an open barouche, being loudly cheered in their progress down Northgate-street. The train again started precisely at seventeen minutes to three, and ar rived at the Ipswich station at twenty-five minutes past four, all parties expressing themselves highly delighted with the trip. And they had good reasons for the exchange of gra tulations. Perhaps an experimental trip was never more successful ,• not a single accident or impediment of the slightest description, was experienced along the whole route ; and the pleasure arising from these cir cumstances was heightened by the extreme fineness of the weather. Nothing could possibly have been better than the arrangements made by Mr. Martin ; and great credit is also due to Mr. Williams, for the care with which he had made his police arrangements, every sig nal man being found faithfully a t hi s post. Nor should we omit mention of Mr. Taylor, who as usual drove the engine in a style in every way calculated to uphold the public confidence in this very important department. At half-past five o'clock, Mr. Ogilvie gave a sumptu ous dinner at the Golden Lion Inn, to the engineers' assistants, sub contractors, and clerks engaged on the works. About 140 partook of the entertainment, doing ample justice to the excellent cuisine of Mrs. Garrod. Mr. Ogilvie took the chair, supported on the right by Mr. Winterbottom, on the left by Mr. Martin ; Mr. Young officiated as Vice-president. There wore also present,- Mr. Watson, Eastern Counties' Agent at Col chester ; Mr. Eyres, Mr. Sheppard, Mr. Richardson, Mr. Mitchell, Mr. Russell, together with Mr. J. D. Harmer, Mr. G. Ransome, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Chap man, and a number of other private friends. At a late period of the evening, Mr. Bruff and Mr. A. Ransome arrived, and were received with shouts of welcome. After the usual loyal toasts, The CHAIRMAN congratulated the meeting upon the happy auspices under which they had assembled, and jocularly remarking that they had triumphed over the bog at Stowmarket, gave " Success to the Ipswich and Bury St. Edmund's Railroad."—(Three 'times three, and " one cheer more.") "The health of the Chairman and Directors of the Ipswich and Bury St. Edmund's and the Eastern Union Railroads."—(Three times three.) Catch—" For they are jolly good fellows." Mr. A. RANSOME (who had but just entered the room) rose amidst renewed applause, and said, though not a director himself, yet he could not allow the toast to pass without availing himself of the opportunity of paying his humble tribute of respect, and of bearing his most willing testimony to the private characters of the gentlemen who formed the board of directors. He thought that those who recollected th 4 circumstances of doubt and difficulty and discouragement under which Mr. John Chevallier Cobbold had to bear up in the first instance, could not but admire and applaud the stern integrity and indomit able courage with which he had.succeeded in carrying his plans and in defeating his opponents.—(Cheers.) Nor were they less indebted to those gentlemen who had since associated themselves with Mr. Cobbold in the comple tion of these great undertakings ; for those who know the characters of the gentlemen in question would bear testimony, not only to the zeal, and diligence, and urbanity and courtesy, which had distinguished them uneer all circumstances, but also to that, unquestionably, which was the highest honour to a board of railway —their unflinching integrity.—(Cheers.) It was said that railway enterprise was undertaken for per sonal aggrandisement. He thought that the Eastern Union and Ipswich and Bury St. Edmund's directors formed an exception to that rule ; for, to his own know ledge, not one single transas,tion had occurred during the whole progress of their undertakings that need raise a blush on the cheek of the most fastidious.—(Cheers.) He looked upon it as an honour to be associated with men of such character ; and he had no doubt that, with Mr. Cobbold as chairman, and with Mr. Footman as vice chairman, flanked by such names as Josselyn and Alex ander, there would be no fear that, with gentlemen of such integrity and perseverance, by a long pull, anda strong pull, and a p u ll altogether, both schemes of rail way enterprise would be abundantly crowned with suc cess.—(Cheers.) Mr. WrisTeenorron, in an eulogistic speech, pro posed the healths of Mr. Brasses', the contractor, and Mr. Ogilvie, the acting manager ; observing he had been engaged in the undertaking which had been so sa tisfactorily examined and tested, and could bear most willing testimony to the zeal, energy, and integrity of the gentlemen whose names he had the honour to pro pose. He wished them their good healths, with all his heart. Three times three, and " one cheer more." Catch, " For they are jolly good fellows," and uproar ions applause. Mr. OGILVIE thanked them cordially for the manner in which they had responded to the toast. He had met them on two former occasions, but the pleasure was very much enhanced to day, by the circumstance that they had overcome two of the greatest difficulties they had had to contend against—he alluded to the tunnel and the bog.—(Laughter.) He felt, however, that to Mr. Bruff, the able engineer, the credit was due.—(Loud cheers.) Without his skill, and the aid of his able assistants, he thought they would have stopped in the tunnel and been lost in the bog.—(Loud cheers.) They were met to ce lebrate their conquest over both difficulties—he hoped they would also overcome all others, and be—. " O'er all the ills of life victorious." (Cheers.) lie had now the pleasure to IERCANTILB . ALMANAC AND BRITISH TARIFF FOR 1847. It has long been a matter of surprise, that whilst almost every special mercantile and trading intere s t .has its own especial almanac and year-b oo k o r reference, there has hitherto been no p u blication o f this nature, which furnishes that plrticular species of information which will be found useful to the mercan tile world generally. This want is, however, well supplied by the publication of the " Mercantile ,Almanac," the fiat number of which is now before Mr: RUSSELL and Mr. BARNES respectively returned thanks, remarking upon the agreeable unanimity of feel ing which pervaded all departments.—(Cheers.) " The healths of the Contractors for the Stations— Mr. Saunders, Mr. Revitt, and Mr. Read." Three times three. At this period Mr. BRUFI entered, and upon being informed his health had been drunk, and upon its being again proposed and drank with all the honours, returned thanks in a very feeling speech. He said he hoped he should always occupy the same place in the estimation of his friends which he did at the present moment. Whatever little success he had gained in the position he held in this locality, could not be wondered at, when he had so many good friends, who had aided him by their exertions.—(Cheers.) Nobody could fail with such co adjutors, and it was his fervent hope that with his pros perity theirs also might increase. They had gone on band in hand togeth er , an d h e h ope d that their present successes might be the forerunners of many others in time to come.—(Cheers.) They had had some work together ; he hoped they might have much more ; and that the y would continue to g o on , liki ng eac h other the better the more they knew of each other.—(Cheers.) In conclusion, he paid a handsome compliment to Mr. Ogil vie, stating that he was the man to encounter and to evercome difficulties, and that in all future works he hoped to have his able co-operation, and at his back the capital fellows he saw assembled in that room.—(Cheers.) Mr. OGILVIE could only repeat that the credit-attend ing the successful completion of the works was due to Mr. Bruff ; without his able assistance, and the aid of his engineers, he had no doubt they would have stuck fast in the tunnel, and lost themselves in the bog. Other toasts were drunk, and several songs were sung, and the parties separated at a late hour. The kindliest feelings predominated throughout, and a merrier or plea santer party never spent an evening together upon such an occasion. THE PRICE OF BREAD. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sza,—Having read a paragraph in your paper of No vember 23. taken from the Sunday Times, relative to the price and produce of each sack of flour. I must say 1 feel surprised that pars ns so exceedingly ignorant of the baking trade should attempt to advance en argu ment upon a subject they know so little about, a , d by so doing mislead the public by an erroneous and incalculable statement, as it is well known, even to the most inex perienced men in the trade, that neither the average price of a sack of flour, nor the numb( r of loaves it pro duces, correctly is given by the correspondent of the Times. And, in order to bear out my remarks upon the article referred to, I am prompted to lay before you, as far as my humble experience will allow, a simple state ment of the average price of a sack of flour, according to the present market returns. Good flour cannot be bought under 48s. to 525., and that, if well manufactured may produce 90 41b. loaves. Now, the general price of bread throughout the metropolis does not exceed lid. or Bd. the loaf ; so that it will be clearly seen that for every 50s. (I take the intermediate price), the gross produce of 90 loaves at 7id., realises but 565. 3d., 3s. of which, and I cannot say less, must be allowed for the expenses of baking, &c., leaving the baker a solitary 3s. 3d. for house and other domestic expenses, instead of the very enormous and unjust profit of 145., as allowed by the over - wise calculator of the Times. Now, Sir, this may appear rather inconsistent with reason; but it is an in disputable fact, although I am free to confess (and deeply regret it is not so) that a more regular and equitable system of business might exist between the bakers of London, by which the detestable practice of un derselling might be entirely abolished, and a more rea sonable profit obtained without such injury to the public as these continual fluctuations in the price of bread are likely to occasion ; but, Sir, it may be said the article referred only to the full-price trade-9d. In that case the argument is not strengthened, for the full-priced baker generally pays a much heavier price than that I have already allowed, and in 90 cases out of 100 is com pelled to wait some three, six, or even twelve months for the return of his capital, which, surely, to say the least of it, entitles him to some little extra profit, or interest, for his outlay ; so that it is evidently clear from these calculations—and I challenge a contradiction to the truth of it—that neither the one class of bakers or the other are reaping such very princely profits by this ready money and ever-turning trade, as this well-informed person will have it ; but there is certainly a repeated spirit of opposition carried on by what may be termed the more opulent class of tradesmen, who in some instances are led by their selfish and capricious desires to pursue this system, with a view only of crushing and keeping back the more humble class of their fellow-men. I must now, Sir, apologise for thus intruding upon your time; but being a staunch advocate for fair prices and reasonable profits, I have presumed to offer these few remarks in reply to the statement of the Sunday Times, with a view, if possible, of preventing a repetition of such inconsiderate calculations being set forth in the public journals, by persons whose only desire must be to create a feeling of discontent among the poorer or work ing classes of the country, instead of endeavouring, as they should do, to promote good feeling between man and man, and securing for them, if possible, cheap bread, at a fair and consistent price. —I am, Sir. &c., HENRY THORNTON. 27, 'Lambeth-walk, N ov . 28, 18 46. THE MENAI STRAITS' TUBULAR BRIDGE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. The interesting experiments noticed at various times in your columns, relative to the intended bridge over the Menai Straits, appear principally to have been directed to determine the capabilities of the iron tube to sustain the weight of the trains intended to pass over it. No experiment having been reported showing it equal to resisting the action of the wind when blowing a hurri cane from 31•7501b5. to 46•8751b5., or probably up to 52.0831b5. to the superficial toot. In the autumn of last year I was engaged on the sections of the then intended London and Holyhead direct railway, and I particu larly noticed at various places the immense masses of rock that had been blown by storms from the mountains, and several in the Snowdon Pass from a most terrific height ; one of which, by measurement, weighed 700 tons. I always remarked that the beautiful suspension bridge over the Straits (about 10 chains from the intended tunnel, and near the same level), desi gne d b y t h e l ate eminent engineer, Telford, had been injured by the vibration of the chains and roadway in the many storms it has withstood ; and crossbraces had been fixed to the chains, rendered necessary to prevent the piers being further injured, the very small surface exposed to the action of the wind being sufficient to cause injury to such a stupendous structure. The immense surface of the intended tunnel, exposed at the same level (say of f 0 feet the high in the centre of the tube), to the ac tion greatesttrem e tremendous o c u a u s t; storms m as s to that tthe e trage t ubular u i l n a r t f h o e r DI being S tr a! q, demandsadopted. the I remain, &c. J. ROEBUCK. and li I nsp e ctor anch o e f st W er Railway,orksiudNdeorvs.fileOld. CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE.--PREFERNIENTB.—Pwev, T. P. Alcock to the vicarage of Woodnesborough, 'near Sandwich, Kent ; Rev. R. Wise, M.A., to rectory of Ladock, near Truro, Cornwall; R. E. Mansfield, 8.A., to perpetual curacy of Ruardean, GlOucestershire l Rev. J. H. Butterworth, BA., to perpetual curacy of Staple ton, Glouces tershire ; Rev. James Reece, M.A., to per petual curacy of Swinton, near Rotherham, Yorkshire; Rev. Gibbons W. Mayne, 8.A.; to the incumb ency of Ingram-cum-Bainworth, Yorkshire. :THE WEATHER.—tEEDS, Nov. 29.—Last, night we had a heavy fall of snow, which came • very gently, and covered the ground to the depth of six inches:. The weather, for several days preceding yesterday, was damp and-dull ; but a sharp frost set in on Friday night, and continued until yesterday afternoon, whe n it gave way, and was succeeded by the first fall of snow this season. GENERAL RAILWAY STATION.—A meeting of deputations from the four railway comp an i es which have agreed to erect a United Station was held at the Bush inn, on Tuestlay last, when se vera l a l terations were made in the original plan of the building. The intention of erect ing a yard for minerals near th e stat i on was abandoned, it being considered better to allow the coat yards at present in ex istence to rem a i n w h ere they are, each company being: at liberty to fix on the site most convenient to itself.. Lieutenant-Colonel Maclean was appointed Chairman,. and Mr. E. S. Bolden, Secretary, of the joint com— mitteess and in all the proceedings the greatest unani— mity prevailett—Carlisle Jounial. A 'Goon --- gentleman residing r.ot a hundred miles from this town, made the following re turn to the Income-tax Commissioners :—" For the last three years my income has been somewhat under Mot., in future it will be more precarious, as the man is dead a I of whnm T hnrrnuaroti tho wannal,"—.../les/mmnri Tnllw --L _:.; :.:( health of of Mr. Bruff, which they would all drink ,n%i enthusiasm. He was sorry Mr. Bruff was not pre - .&, :, I S, . and be should, therefore, call upon Mr. Richards() .... ‘ 4: : ... , tiA A . acknowledge the toast. Three times three, and " on? ~' cheer more." • Catch, "For he's a jolly good fellow." .- Mr. RICHARDSeN remarked that he felt it to be a great honour to have hls name associated with Mr. Bruff. and as one of Mr. Bruff's oldest assistants, he sympathised heartily in the successes that gentleman had achieved. They would allow him to remark that the making and drawing of lines was a very ancient affair. Hogarth had drawn his line of beauty. They had now their "line of beauty" from Ipswich to Bury St. Ed mund's, and they were as proud oftheirs as Hogarth was of his.—(Loud cheers.) He again thanked them for the honour they had done Mr. Bruff ; he drank his health with •!1 his heart, satisfied that the country did not possess a better engineer, or the private circles a man more universally esteemed as a gentleman.—(Cheers.) Mr. BARKES proposed the health of the Secretary, Mr. Saunders, observing that in every position in which he had been placed, he had done full honour to the com pany with which he was connected. Three times three. Mr. EYRES acknowledged the toast and was warmly applauded. The CHAIRNAN proposed health and success to the resident engineers, Mr. Winterbottom, Mr. Mitchell, and Mr.. Sheppard.—(Three times three.) Mr. SITEPPARD returned thanks. They had had many difficulties to encounter, and he thought the weed of praise should be given where it was deserved. The line had been completed by some of the best workmen in the kingdom; he therefore gave them the health of the sub contractors, hoping that the success they had achieved on the line, would attend them in future Undertakings.— (Three times three.) Mr. DOUGLAS returned thanks, expressing the pride he felt in being employed under such a contractor as Mr. Brassey, and remarking upon the state of the works. Danger had been apprehended by some respecting the hoggy place down yonder; but they had got over it; and he thought that under such men as Mr. Brassey and Mr. Ogilvie;- and with the assistance of such an able engineer as Mr. Bruff, they could almost do anything. The healths of Mr. Bruff's assistants.—(Three times three.) ~"~~.~' **" tiZ e j 44' .e '