The Sun. — London, England, 1846-09-17 00:00:00

STAMPS and TAXES, SOMERSET-HOUSE, fe SEPTEMBER, 1846. Whereas, in pursuance of 1 and 2 Will" 22, the following ARTICLES have, on the days stated, been' ,eposited in the Hackney Carriage-office, in this department, by the haVERS who FOUND the same. Notice Is hereby given, that !inks( such articles be claimed by their respective owners, between the ~hours of Ten, A.m.., and Three, P. within one year from the 'ate of deposit, they will be dispos_ d of as directed by the above Act THOMAS KEOGH, Assistant-Secretary 1846, May 22'451 Bag - - - 22 2 Coat - 23, 4 Umbrella - - 23' 4 Bag - 23 8 Umbrella - - 23'461 Cape - 25 i 2 Shirt - 25 3 umbrella - - 251 4 Ditto - 25 . 7 Bag - 25; 8 Redlcule- - - 26471 Umbrella - - 26; 2 Ditto - - - 26 7 Ditto - - 26480 Ditto - - - 271 2 Ditto - 27! 4 Coat - • 271 5 Boa - - - 27; 6 Opera-glass - - 27. 7 Umbrella - 28, 8 Coat - - - 28 9 Cardinal - - 281490 Parasol - 281 1 Umbrella - - 28! 2 Paper - 30 ! 5 Opera-glass - - 30 9Pa asol - - - 30 504 Coat - - June 3! 7 Parasol - 9 Coat - 3.510 Cap and Book - 3' 2 Handkerchief - - 3 7 Basket - - 4 520 Umbrella -4 , 4 Parasol - - 41 6 Ditto - - 5 1 7 Paper - - ft 8 Parasol - - 6530 Umbrella -6 , 1 Parasol - 3 Ditto - - 8 4 Ditto - - 10. 7 Cape - 10, 8 Parasol - - 10 540 Umbrella - 10 1 Ditto - - 10 3 Parasol - - 10 1 4 Coat - - 10' 5 Umbrella - 1 01 6 Mackintosh - - 111 8 Coat - II 9 Bank-note - - 11 555 Cloak - 11' 7 Basket - I I 8 Umbrella - - 12' 9 Parasol - - - 12 560 Snyff-box - - 12; 1 cloak - 121 2 parasol - 15 4 coat - - 151 S Ditto - - 1 5 1 7 Parasol - lk 8 Coat - - 15 9 Umbrella - - 16 573 Coat - 16 5 Parasol - 16 8 Keys - • - 16 9 Umbrella - - 16 582 Handkerchief - 17 3 Parasol - • - 17; 4 Umbrella - - 17' 5 Coat - " 17 1 6 Cape - - - 171 7 Cane - 17i 8 Umbrella - - 181591 Coat - - - 181 2 Ditto - 18i G Whip - 19: 7 Parasols - - 19 600 Pocket-book - - 19, 1 Parasol - 19; 2 Spectacles - - - 12 - 20 1 8 Umbrella - - 14 - 20 9 Ditto - - 14 - 20,610 Coat - - - - 14 - 22 1 Umbrella - - - 14 - 22! 2 Ditto - - - - 15 -22 i 4 Ditto - - - 15 - 23 5 Shawl - - - - 15 - 23 6 Umbrella - - - 17 - 23 1 9 Ditto - - - - 17 • 24 921 Coat - - - - 18 - 24. 3 Cape . - IS - 24; 4 Coat - - - - 18 - 25, 8 Umbrella and parasol - 19 - 25 632 Parasol - - 20 - 251 3 Snuff box - - - 20 - 25 4 Silk - - - - 20 - 251 5 Cloak - - 25! 6 Umbrella - 26 640 Ditto - 27 3 Parasol - 27; 4 Ditto 27 ! 5 Coat - 27; 6 Ditto 116 parasol 1540. 3 Parcel - g o m at brella - 5 Umbrella 7 Ditto 9 Ditto - '.3 Ditto - - P ocket-book - 5 Parasol - 8 Umbrella • 9 Coat. 4 Purse 2 P arasol 3 Cloak : - 40 Pera-giass n ag . Coat - Uook _ Slat.case Coatl Parasol - : 3 Opera -glass - 4 tllottotk-case. 7 Parasol 8 Ditto - 4 urnbrell - 1 a " Para=ol- - I,tl Ditto - Umbrella " Coat 7 P arasol : 8 - 9 Whip °1 - 18 n " rara - - 5 Coat s G Opera- lass - ? , -oat .1 4 Pa rasol _ 9 20 0 Parcel Parasol - - ParcelA - Coat 7 Umbrella - 2,„ COin ) arcel. 1 2 Parasol arasol Coat " 5 11, 4 , 6 Cl oak 7 Paper 223 Igers Cheque e 13: thaw' araaa Pla n - - 7 s pocket-book 8 Parasol 24 0 J 3 ltto - - oPera-purseg l"s 5 purse Coat 89 Parasol 23 9 Ditto " Coat 7 3 Ditto_o- Portfolio - 9 at and wrapper 2 00 &c. 2 Coat _ 3 thing -rod - Parasol s 2 66 ~IsYglase 371 -oat t - 2 Ditto P l oak 4 48.1 tPtaoaarrrtasefeoolllio 5 A,Pr a :a °l are,' 91: rittborella. 6 ~.raso i ati l l ;3 s : 1 1 :k -n ote • 2 U mbrell a 4 ttrtasoi tn )- - k 7 b .awi • ;16 "alp _ Coat 7 cushion ,320 i).lrobrella motto - July - August - 3 - 3 - 3 - 4 - 4 • 5 - 5 '6 - 7 - 8 - 8 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 11 - 11 - II - 21 - 22 - 22 - 30: 7 Bag , C.,0;11) - - : - 30 652 Rug - 34 - K eys _ - _ - 30' 5 Umbrella P arasol ' - - 30 8 Coat - 1 -trathrella- - 30 9 Umbrella ~,4 bitt o _ - - -30 662 Bag - 3 ' Unto - _ - - 30 3 Coat - - ay3o4 Umbrella - _eboiattto - - .... : 30; 6 Chain and seal 342 ntribrella - - July 1 7 Parasols - , Coat - - - -1 9 Coat - -1 ; kegs _ - - 1 672 Ditto - - '',, Se a t - - - -1 3 cloak - - 7 ptainrabrs,,eilla-1. 4 Ditto - - 8: - -- 1; 5 Umbrella - ~ Sa n e - - 1 7 Keys - - 3-.1 Bracelet - - - 2 631 Cape - - U mbrella e _ -2, 2 Parasol - - at - - - 2 3 Shawl - - 36i4 D o a t : 2 5 Coat - - 3 Parcel - - - - 3. 6 Ditto - - Umbrella 3 8 Hat-box - , 4 Shawl _ - - - 3' 9 Shawl - - Card -case - 3 G9O Cloak - - 0 417 6 Parasol ~ .. - 4' 1 Pocket-book - 2 Law P Paper - - - 4' 3 Boa - - '4 ~"" arasol - - 6 694 Parasol - - 9 k4at - - - - 6 6 Parasols - P araaol ' 4 1 C oat - - - 6 7 Parasol - - 2 Cape - - G 9 Ditto - - 3 Sha wl - - - - 7 7 700 1 Cloak pasol - : 390 Umbrella : - 9 Pa ' ra* ° l - - - -8; 2 Bag ar - - 4 RC..., ~ a and Mores - - 8 3 Coat - - 8; 4 Cloak - - 3 tlmbren i , b /-es -- • 4 -._ 9 5 Coat - - 402 Parasol— - - - handkerchief 9' 6 Gun-case : 101 9 Bug -case ..." : 4 Ullibri,lla, parasol , - am 7l . stick - -- - : 1 17: 71 r.(% 0 a a t, &c. - 8 p , u - P arasol - - - 11: 2 Parcel - - • ' OPera-glass - - 413 p urse _ - - - 11' 4 Coat 6 - - 11 5 Hat-case - ~, Umbrella- - - ,r Ditto - . 11 7 Cloak - - a Coat - - - - 11 8 Parasol - - 420 Cushi on _ - 13 9 C oa t 2 Paras o l . - - - 13 720 Brooch - - 3 Gun-case - - - 13 1 Umbrella - Parasol - - -14 2 Ditto - - , a Ditto - - 14, 3 Coat - - 3 Coat _ - - - 14' 4 Umbrella - 4 Umbrella 14: 5 Shawl - - 6 Ditto - - - - 14 6 Coat - - 4.a „ P urse- -• 15' 7 Parasol - - 1 L , oat - - 15 8 Box - - 811 °e 8 - : - - M 9 Purse - - Prize oar - 16 730 Coat - - 8 Shawl - - - - 17 L'K GE S S'S NEW SAUCE, for general pur ,(t It r ?„", e si having gained such great approbation, and the demand 'eop eo ",.. ll tbuting to increase, JOHN BURGESS and SON beg most th — h .` 4 _ ll Y to offer thus their best acknowledgments to the Public "Qee l e tt " liberal patronage of the same ; its utility and great conveni all climates have recommended V, te the most distinguished uotin r c unnections, who have all spoken highly in its reconsmenda- Sb . t 4 4 is prepared by them only ; and for preventing disappoint. ‘ 1 01, 5 Lo families, all possible care has been resorted to, by each eaonbig sealed on the cork with their firm and address, as well gebui,:l'abel having their signature, without which it cannot be ‘,,,,,reIeTRGESS and SON'S long-established and mach-esteemed `at of A_NCHOVIES continues to be prepared by them after 't 141 4 e Manner that has given the greatest satisfaction for many „.„....2War house, 107,.Strand, corner of Savoy Steps, London, ERPECTION in LAMP OIL—A PATENT si on, °LARK'S PATENT SPERM OIL, only ss. per imperial. 14 44 bright as crystal in the coldest weather,' and lasts longer t e gqt ; 4 ' Perm . It burns in all descriptions of Argand Lamps. The XPense of Sperm Oil, and the trouble of common oils, can now 1.,- 'Den - , gl ) , sod wiih at pleasure . It is admirably salted for Solar 4 'ks they will not want cleaning for years, and being so pure , ''ltt3 ln 0 " go as far as five gallons of any common oils ; so, in t h e i t Clark's Patent Sperm Oil is cheapest. Families laying in thlsltek of Spermaceti or Wax Candles, Soaps, &c. &c., will 3 ,„:1Y save 30 per cent. in their outlay. This is no fiction, and k t ,;',',ena of equitable charges the public will support. k,,,, - ;lies sent in London, and list of prices, with description of the gtrticle sent on application to all parts of the world. 44 7 ark and Company, the immense Lamp, Oil, and Candle Depot, Wiest Strand, ten doors from Lowther Arcade. hit)ENCER 7 S - CIIINES - El, --- iQIIID --- HAIR DYE. Ye4t r , , thousands of individuals who for upwards of twenty . tili c i."ave used this celebrated liquid, pronounce it to be the only b e , I!x.tant which effectually changes, in a few minutes, red or ' *lth„."'_ 4l r, whiskers, moustaches, &c., to a dark brown or black, „ut trouble (by simply combing it through the hair), and pro ettli7 by one application a pleasing and permanent change ; and it the i ncontestibly proved, that while many dyes tend to destroy iik e Zelr by their pernicious properties and dangerous process of ap titt Li on; that this article promotes the growth of hair, nourishing t• oots till the latest period of life. Price 3s. 6d., 65.. and les. 111; 10 be had of the Proprietors, 29, Nottingham-place, Fieldgate- Wet, Whitechapel-road, London ; also of Mr. Johnstone, 68, Corn • ; Butler, 4, Cheapside • Prout, 229, Strand ; Sanger, 150, Oxfbrd et ; Barclay, Farrin;don-street ; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond ifset ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London bridge ; Finnigin, 11 3 am-street, Bath ; Elmore, Bull-street, Birmingham; and of m os t erfumers and Medicine Vendors in town and country. Sent to P,sart of the kingdom by receiving a remittance, pest-paid. De to ask for " Spencer and Co.'s wrapper iquid Hair Dye.", the Proprietor's address is on the Yy u LADIES TRAVELLING, the Sea Coast, or otherwise exposed to the Scorching rays of the Sun, will find - ROWLAND'S KALYDOR a most refreshing s uor Preparation for the Complexion, dispelling the cloud of lan- Si e h,and relaxation, allaying all heat and irritability. and immedi the ' 4 trerding the pleasing sensation attending restored elasticity of bur n 41,1 . The numerous varL „ .ties of Cutaneous Erupti o n s , Sun by F reckles , Tan, and Discolourations, are pleasingly eradicated pah Yin Ralydor, and the skin rendered delicately seft and clear. Its f ile a g a n d re f re shing properties have obtained its exclusive selec -44, thp t he Court and the Royal Family of Great Britain, and those 'ecr.; C onti nent of Europe, together with the " elite" of the Aris -14.-CY and " Haute Volee," from the sultry climes of India, and the aj. win g - rooms of Calcutta and Madras , to the frozen realms of the and -a nd the Salons of St. Petersburgh and Moscow.—Price 4s. 661. . 6d. er bote. hil t , r ewa p tl B re of spurious "Kalydors " containing mineral astrin .ki. Utterly ruinous to the complexion, and which, by their repel ' 80 4e ,tien. endanger health. The only genuine has the words ,y„LAND'S KALYDOR" on the wrapper. and A. ROWLAND 'Lt, 'ulT, 20, Hatton-garden, is also engraved (by desire of the bottle Commissioners) on the Government Stamp affixed °R each pe l f s. tha ers. Y the Proprietors, and by respectable Chemists and Per other K e i y d ers " are fraudulent counterfeits. EST APERIENT AND ANTIBILIOUS MEDICINE FOR prt ENERAL USE IS AMPTON'S G PILL OF HEALTH which h on effectually relieves the stomach and bowels by gentle relaxa -144 without griping or prostration of strength. They remove ttet e rQ , ' sickness, dizziness, pains in the chest, &c., are highly I l i a _ Ito the stomach, promote- digestion, create appetite, relieve iron and depression of spirits ; while to those of a full habit, and 4 40 „,:ere, who are continually suffering from drowsiness, heaviness, t - r ,",ging in the head and ears, they offer advantages that will not __e appreciated. Mo st Medicine has for many years received the approval of the Oshe classes of society, and in confirmation of its ctn.- Witt"ne following letter has been kindly forwarded to Mr. Front, MI S Permission to publish it, and, if requisite, to refer any respect .. Person to its author :- 9 afr.yrout, 229, Strand, London. " Heavitree, Exeter, April 24, 1844. h o p feel pleasure in being able to bear m Framptonstrn and Pill testimony to the excellence of your .‘ 's Pill of iipanh , " which I consider a most safe, efficacious, and very superior be ar Medicine. The widow of an officer, an elderly lady, and to o 'o r _ e letive of mine, has used them—very rarely having recourse the, l !r Medicines for a long period of yearehas recommended to e xtensively, and in one instancel n which she induced a person fe z. Ztelatthem, and supplied the first box herself, they have proved of pt il'earerdinary efficacy. I think that perhaps there is scarcely any al ," the many patent medicines before the public of equal value I „hall: frierrd in need"—certainly none possessed of superior claims be happy on all occasions to give them my individua recom ildation, and am, Sir, " Your obedient servant, * * • 11 014 b y T. Prout, 229, Strand, London, price Is. 1% d. and 2s. 9d. ; also by the Vendors of Medicines generally throughout the Ask o_va Itio a f el' PLIMPTON'S PILL OF iIEALTH, and observe the. 4 0 ,: ri alg address, ot Thomaa Prout, 229, Strand, London," on the ent.Stanip. • . ,),.,-- c-<.--74/__e___- ,Q{,l,-,_—• , 7u (.>" -- _,-/,..,_.•-e- - (, - y (/'/'"c'` -- " -- ~,,---- ///,./._ ___/...,,, .. . .."- • a„../..-..... - . , . .. ./.../. • ... - i -..-.----."‘........../ • 14 --ii "'" .. : - •...,-,• 'l,. , ~.... ,t , i,•;72.; , - - 7,' —, • ;'. f;.• , ::4 0 t , .- - 47'• .. - . '. -s ' ' .2, , A - 4. .... •.. .0 i ffi i .. .* , • 't . / * V lir 4J' ' i,, ~ q, .; ,', ` o'\• ...i, r,--- , ,- : ,,,,v,ifil,„,e, ---, F ' - '4ll f ' r .- ~,,---,` t ) .. - • •,:;., ~..~_ ‘),. .. , r , .... ....• -.,,,,, - 41.' .:...\-. `, '— ' ' •'' ~—' ----- .0--.5.5 — ' 1 ' , " -' • ~.;•„.,, „. ' ~ , ,:di, 7, -.4 -,. r - - A , ... .. , V' _ - , 4-- (7 . , ' . iil lPe .,i 4 X '24 , 7 's ~ - ' , l` , ' --- , - -, , • ~- . \ • ~,. ~ ~, 0 , 4 , g . -- , „ at ~- X ~ , , ~ t $ , ,_. ... - 1 ,'', , ~ . t. „, ~ .,1 „,.. .- -' ' ' CIE fg , , ".; tX't .4 , • , -1 4 ,. . , ,, • -,_-- 'l5 r 4 .... ...4. ' 1 Itia=r43-12034.13.1.310.,1211r,..,,,r7r11r-7,,,12....,... ~...-, r....... , ." =7:l' , / -- -. ..t.......a... ~..,.............2.4.14-..A.55...,. 3,_ sn-A - cm - svrf. - - , --, - mr.,-,ar.-.......,--05ita....1. DEATH OF SIR JOHN WILLIAMS. The subject of this notice was at his country resi dence, Livermere•park, near Bury, in Suffolk, enjoying that needful relaxation which this period of the year usually places at the disposal of the overwrought lawyer, where his earthly career was unhappily brought to a close. The age of Sir John Williams was not much short of 70 years, but those who knew him considered that his state of general health was sufficiently good to warrant the hope that he might be destined to enjoy as long a life as ordinarily falls to the lot of a successful lawyer. The learned personage just deceased had been for the last twelve years one of the judges of the Court of Queen's Bench ; and if he did not display in that distinguished position talents and attainments of the very highest order, he at least brought to the discharge of its onerous and important duties great integrity, a sincere and earnest desire to administer justice in exact conformity with the existing state of the law and the ac knowledged principles of British jurisprudence. The subject of this memoir reached the dignified station which he occupied at the time of his death without much aid from that species of connexion which in the present day is deemed almost essential to forensic success; for he began life at the bar with scarcely any means of procuring clients beyond that which a distinguished university re putation may be supposed to confer. Sir John Williams was a native of Bunbury, in Cheshire ; his family, how ever, were settled in Merionethshire, and Sir John was always very careful to have it understood that he be longed to the principality. His father was rector of a parish in Merionethshire, but he was also vicar of Bun bury, and was residing there when his son John was born. At the well-known grammar school of Manches ter Sir John Williams receivad the early part of his education, and he proceeded thence to Trinity College, Cambridge, eminently qualified by the instruction and discipline of his boyhood to avail himself of the advan tages and acquire the honours which a university pre sents to men of diligence and ability. He went to Cam► bridge in the year 1794, and obtained a scholarship the first time that he sat. Mr. Williams took his bachelor's de gree in 1798, and during his undergraduate course ob tained several prizes; but thechief object of h is youthful am bition—that to which he attached much more importance than to any advancement in after life—was a fellowship. In hoping for that distinction he was not destined to en counter disappointment ; and it is rather a remarkable proof of his peculiar opinions upon this subject, that he has been sometimes heard to say, he considered the honour of a fellowship, obtained in the face of that com petition against which he contended, an acquisition superior even to the dignity of the ermine. Mr. Wil liams, in getting his fellowship, very modestly acknow ledged that he achieved success over a competiter su perior to himself in general scholarship. That gentle man was obliged to struggle through life as he best might on the scanty pittance which a poor clergyman receives, while a more favourable fate awaited Mr. Wil liams ; but to his infinite honour be it recorded, that when professional success and considerable opulence re warded his labours, he generously remembered his col lege rival ; and considering him hardly used by fortune, allowed him an annuity in aid of the scanty income which that learned and estimable person derived from a small church living. It is understood that the annuity has been continued to his widow. PRICE SD. Long after Mr. Williams quitted college, he devoted his time occasionally to classical studies, as the pages of the Edinburgh Review amply testify, for they contain articles written by him on the orations of Demosthenes, and on several Greek plays. Even still later in life his classical attainments attracted attention; and Lord Ten terden, a high authority on such subjects, as well as upon the laws of the land, pronounced Mr. Williams to be the best scholar throughout the whole profession. Sir John Williams was called to the bar in the year 1804, and although he did not rise to the highest rank of the profession, he still obtained a very respectable amount of business. Mr. Williams chose the northern as his circuit, and the Liberal party as his political friends. Both were bold steps; for the magnitude of the circuit rendered success more problematical in that quarter than in any other, while certainly no prudent man could in the early part of the present century see a prospect of silk gownd, or ermined robes, by connecting himself with Whigs, Liberals, and other adversaries of the Church, the State, and Lord Chancellor Eldon. Slowly, but securely, did Mr. Williams advance in the arduous profession of the law; accident never seemed to have procured for him a client, and accident never de prived him of one. It could not be said that he en joyed a first-rate business; but be scarcely ever lost a client, and though a man of ardent temperament his discretion in the conduct of a cause was pre-eminent. In proof of this, it may be stated that the late Sir John Bayley has been heard more than once to declare that if he were to be tried for his life he should desire to be defended by Mr. Williams. Even the present generation need scarcely be reminded that the proceedings against Queen Caroline formed by far the most important occa sionupon which any lawyer has been employed during the present century. The Attorney-General of that Princess became Lord Chancellor, her Solicitor-General, Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, two of her counsel, successively, Chief Justices of the Common Pleas, and a fourth one of the judges of the ecclesiastical courts. Amongst those eminent men Mr. Williams took a conspicuous part as one of her Majesty's advocates; and the almost unrivalled powers of cross-examination which lie displayed upon that memorable occasion fully realised the expectations of his friends. His skill as a cross examiner was generally acknowledged by the profession, but it was not until after he had exercised that astonishing power upon the notorious Theodore Majocci that the public at large became aware of his matchless talents in that branch of an advocate's duty. Soon after " the Queen's trial," as it was called, his clients became more numerous, and his name considerably more public. An opportunity for getting into Parliament presented itself in the year 1822, when he stood upon the Liberal interest for the city of Lincoln,'and was returned. The most remarkable use which he made of his powers and privileges as a Member of Parliament was to co-operate with Mr. Michael Angelo Taylor in denouncing the abuses of the Court of Chancery; but it must be admitted that the share which he took in the delibera tions of the House of Commons did not very greatly add to the reputation which he had previonsly acquired; but upon the whole he made rather favourable impression on the House, and he certainly assisted in laying the foundation, or at least preparing the way, for several of the improvements which since that time have been effected in the Court of Chancery. A change of the Ministry at length procured for him that professional position to which he had for some years been fairly entitled. He received a silk gown, and soon after the accession of William IV., her Ma jesty, now Queen Dowager, appointed him her At torney-General. In February, 1834, he became one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and having sat in that court only one term was transferred to the Court of King's Bench, where he remained until the period of his lamented death. It is well known that Sir John Wil liams appeared to considerable advantage as a judge in criminal cases, and that he laboured unceasingly, in every case that came before him, to reconcile his strong sense of justice with, perhaps, his still stronger feelings of mercy. Although Sir John Williams had been for some weeks past indisposed, he was not thought to be in any imminent danger, and he had, we understand, bees considered by his physicians as labouring under some affection of the liver. On Monday last, however, he complained of increased pain in the chest, and to the great regret of that very numerous circle of society who could appreciate his many estimable qualities, his valuable life was on that day brought to a close.— Times. REDUCTION OF THE HILL AT PICCADILLY.---FOT some time past a number of labourers have been engaged in digging away the hill in Piccadilly, from Half Moon street to Dover-street, and re-paving it with broken granite. _ _ - OFFICIAL PROMOTION.—The Commissioners of the Customs Department having had under their notice the reports made. from time to time by the principal officers of the several departments , submitting the names of officers and clerks for promotion on vacancies, hav , , j ing u consideredpon the it principalsexp edie nt to that promulgate i t istheir r an ord r duty R , ess- Such ro ports to bring prominently under the notice of the Board all the circumstances affecting the character and con duct of the parties, whether such circumstances may have been recorded in th e annua l returns of capacity and character or not ; and the Board have desired it to be distinctly understood by the whole of the employees throughout the departments in the United Kingdom, in the service of the Crown, that hence forth any transaction of a discreditable nature, pecuniary embarrassment, neglect of duty, or other misconduct, will be held by the Commissioners sufficient to justify them in withholding promotion from officers or clerks, even in the lower grades of the service, in which promo tion has usually proceeded by seniority, unless it shall be made evident to the Board that such parties have, by continued good conduct and increased zeal and activity in the discharge of their duties, subsequently entitled themselves to favourable consideration. This order has been communicated to the heads of the department in London and throughout the United Kingdom, for their government in this matter, and for the information of the several officers under their survey. TIIE CONVICT HENRY.—Yesterday morning Joseph Henry was sent off from the prison of La Roquette to the hulks at Toulon, in execution of the sentence of the Court of Peers. Until his being transferred to this prison he maintained hopes that his appeal to the King for a commutation would meet with some success; and more than once sent for his counsel, M. Baroche, to whom he expri.ssed great anxiety as to his fate. At six in the morning he was informed that he must prepare to go to Toulon, undergo the usual process, and put on the dress worn by all prsons sentenced to the hulks. He sunk into a state of desp.iir and almost stupor, exclaim. ing, " Oh, God! Oh, God! All then is over! No hope is left." And when brought out to be put into the van, he saluted those around him, and seeing an inspector general of prisons among them, be raised his eyes to him and said, while his face streamed with perspiration, which lie endeavoured to conceal, but could not, " I should have preferred death." Seven other convicts, condemned to the hulks for different terms of from five to ten years, were sent off with him. None of them seemed to have the least commisseration for their miserable companion. Among these was Pierre Marie Lecareux, sentenced for six years as one of Fournier). gang of robbers, and when he was stripped for being in vested with the convict's dress, there was found tattooed on the right side of his breast, Mort u Fornier et a Maquet (Fournier's mistress), whose confessions and evidence formed ,the main ground of conviction . Galignani. Accounts from Malaga state, that six persons- ha ve been sentenced to be shot for the assassination of Colonel Tubado; six banished for ten and six years from the Peninsula; seven condemned to imprisonment in a pre sidio for ten and six years; and four women imprisoned for five and four years, and six and four montl4, Two are also to be imprisoned for six months. S N 9 No. 16,847. ON ON, THURSDAY „ SEPTEM BE R , G LEC TION OF LORD MAYOR. A At a MEETING of LIVERYMEN of the CITY of LON DON, the friends of Mr. ALDERMAN WOOD, held at the Swan with Tao Necks, Gresham•street, on Tuesday, the 15th September instant, to take into consideration the course to be pursued to secure his ELECTION for LORD MAYOR for the year ensuing, Mr. Deputy Muddell in the Chair ; It was moved by JOSEPH UNDERWOOD, Esq., and seconded by T. J. Hour, Esq., and resolved unanimously,. _ That it is the opinion of this meeting, that Mr. Alderman Wood's claim to the distinguished honour of becoming the Chief Magistrate of this City for the ensuing year is indisputable. That his high legal attainments, combined with upwards of eleven years of indefatigable zeal and assiduity in the discharge of his Magisterial duties, as well as his able and dignified discharge of the important office of Sheriff of London and Middlesex, well qualify him to perfor the high and important duties of Chief Magistrate; an office and an honour to which, by every comideration, he has a rig it to aspire, and the only office within the power of his fellow-citizens to bestow at all commen surate as a reward for the long-tried and faithful discharge of his Ma gisterial duties. _ _ It was moved by JOON PITTMAN, Esq., and seconded by JAMES HARTLEY, Esq., and resolved unanimously, That the unabated confidence of this meeting in Mr. Alderman Wood cannot be more forcibly expressed than by an earnest assurance that each and every individual composing it will use his utmost en deavours to secure the election of the worthy Alderman to the Civic Chair. It was moved by WINTOUR HARRIS, Esq., and seconded by JOHN YATES, Esq., and resolved unanimously, . _ . That a copy of the foregoing resolutions be forwarded to the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, with a request that he will be pleased to sub mit the same to the Court of Aldermen, at their next meeting. WM. MLTDDELL, Chairman. L EICESTER AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY. The Shareholders in this line are already aware that it was after a severe contest, and opposition to competing lines for two sessions of Parliament, defeated in the House of Commons, and in answer to many inquiries on the financial affairs of the Company, the Directors beg to state that they are collecting in and proceeding with the In .vsstigation of.the accounts, and will peffect and lay the same before the Shareholders at the earliest possible moment. By order, S.S. BAXTER, Solicitor. 18, Abingdon-street, Westminster, Sept. 16, 1846. T HE LEEDS, WAKEFIELD, and MIDLAND Notice is hereby given, that a MEETING of the SHARE HOLDERS of the LEEDS, WAKEFIELD, and MIDLAND JUNC TION RAILWAY COMPANY will be held at the Sessions House in Wakefield, on MONDAY, the 28th day of September instant, at One o'clock in the afternoon, for the purpose of laying before the meeting the accounts of the receipts and expenditure of the said Company, and of determining whether the said Company shall be dissolved under the provisions of the Statute 9 and 10 Vict., c. 28, or, whether the affairs of the said Company shall not be wound up, or whether it shall be expedient to prosecute the said railway in the ensuing ses sion of Parliament, and, if necessary, to empower the Directors to enter into arrangements with certain other Companies upon the terms and conditions to be laid before the said meeting, and gene rally to transact all other business whatsoever that can be trans acted under the provisions of the said statute. Dated this 10th day of September, 1846. EDWARD TEW, Chairman. HENRY BERNERS, Secretary. T HE LONDON, OXFORD, and CHEL TENHAM RAILWAY COMPANY. (Provisionally Registered.) CAPITAL 1,500,0001. in 75,000 SHIRES of 201. each. Deposit 21. per Share. PROVISIONAL DIRECTORS. (With power to add to their number.) The Right Hon. Lord Dunally, Cheltenham Henry Thomas Hole, Esq., Deepdene, Surrey, and Mansfield-street, London James Aspinall, Esq., Liverpool and Cheltenham Henry Bell, Esq., Chalfont Lodge, the Park, Cheltenham John Burton, Esq., Andover Lodge, Cheltenham Nr. William Bidmead, Cheltenham Samuel Carrington, Esq., Cheltenham Thomas Aquila Dale, Esq., Malvern House, Cheltenham John Eldridge, Esq., Promenade, Cheltenham Baynliam Jones, Esq., Cambray House, Cheltenham Mr. Henry Haines, Cheltenham Major Charles Pratt Kennedy, Lansdowne-crescent, Cheltenham James Brough Lawson, Esq„ Pine Villa, the Park, Cheltenham John Smith Riviere, Esq., Cheltenham Richard Scholes, Esq., Polefield, Cheltenham James Webster, Esq., Matherly Court, Cheltenham Richard Warwick, Esq., Wyddrington House, Cheltenham Mr. George Arthur Williams, Cheltenham John Wadley Hughes, Esq., Mayor of Gloucester William Montague, Esq., Gloucester Washbourue, Esq., Gloucester Mr. Ilenry Akers, Witney William James Clinch, Esq., Witney J. S. Browning, Esq., Oxford Nenry Hall, Esq., Seswell Barton, Oxfordshire, and Mansfield-street, London Thomas Mallam, Esq., Oxford Charles Tawney, Esq., Oxford Sir Harry Verney, Bart., Steeple Claydon House, Bucks 'The Hon. Philip Sydney Pierrepont, Evenly Hall, Brackley, Nor thamptonshire Humphrey Humphreys, Esq , Buckingham Robert Benson, Esq. James Brownell Boothby, Esq. Edward Cropper, Esq. Frank Somerville Head, Esq. Directors of the London Joseph Hornby, Esq. } and North Western Ross Donelly Mangles, Esq., M.P. Railway Company. Capt. Constantine Richard Moorsom, R.N. Patrick Maxwell Stewart, Esq., M.P. Thomas Smith, Esq. Sir James Duke, M.P., 1, Devonshire-ter-i Directors of the Oxford, race, London Witney, Cheltenham Peter Davey, Esq., 1, Sussex-terrace, Re gent's Park 1 pendent Railway and Gloucester Ride: Joseph Underwood, Esq., Blackheath'! • Company. j Park, Kent COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT. Henry Thomas Hope, Esq. 'J. B. Boothby, Esq. James Webster, Esq. Edward Cropper, Esq. Mr. George Arthur Williatn.s Frank Somerville Head, Esq. J. S. Browning, Esq. Joseph Ho rnby, Esq. Sir James Duke, M.P. Ross Donelly Mangles, Esq., M.P. William James Clinch, Esq. Captain C. R. Moorsom, R.N. Joseph Underwood, Esq. Patrick M. Stewart, Esq. M.P. Robert Benson, Esq. Thomas Smith, Esq. [NEER. henson, Esq. KERS. EN GI Robert Stepl BAN] London—Messrs. Glyn, liallifax, Mills, and Company. Oxford—Messrs. Wootten and Company. Witney—Messrs. John Williams Clinch and Company. Cheltenham? The County of Gloucester Bank, Gloucester The Gloucestershire Banking Company. SOLICITORS. Messrs. Newman, Gwinnett, and Ticehurst, and Cheltenham. James Boodle, Esq. _ Messrs. Parker, Hayes, Barnwell, and Twisden, I, Lincoln's Inn fields, London. • Samuel Carter, Esq., Birmingham. Messrs. 11. and W. Toogood, 22, Parliament-street, London. SECRETARY PRO TEM. Wyndham llarding, Esq. PROSPECTUS. The object of this Company isdo construct a direct and continuous line of railway, on the narrow gauge, from Cheltenham, through Northleach, Burford, and Witney, to Oxford, and thence, by Theme, to form a junction with the London and Birmingham Railway, at once opening the shortest route from those towns and the surround ing districts to the metropolis, and by means of the Oxford and liletchley, and other lines in connexion therewith, to Bedford, Cam bridge, Norwich, and the 'whole of the eastern side of the kingdom. The undertaking is promoted by parties locally interested in the district through which the line will pass, in conjunction with the Shareholders in the Oxford, Witney, Cheltenham, and Gloucester Independent Company, who introduced a Bill into Parliament during the session which has just closed for making the line between Oxford and Cheltenham, which failed upon technical objections only. It will be the anxious desire of the Committee to consult the wishes of the inhabitants as to the terminus and mode of approaching the town of Cheltenham. A large proportion o fthe capital will be subscribed by the London and North-Western Railway Company, who have also agreed to lease the line in perpetuity, at a rent equal to four and a half per cent. upon the outlay, With an equal c ivision of &mins profits. This lin•will reduce the distance between Cheltenham and London to 100 miles, being a saving of twenty-two miles as compared with the present route, and the distance between Oxford and London will be shorter than by the Great Western Railway, without taking into n account the saving in time arising from the more convenient position of the London Terminus at Euston-square as compared with Pad dington, which, to parties going to the City and most parts of the metropolis, may be considered as nearly equal to ten miles of rail way travelling. An unbroken narrow gauge communication will also be effected by means of this line between the Docks and Port of London and these of Gloucester, and there is no doubt eventually with Bristol, an object of considerable commercial importance. Worcester, and the important district of which it forms the centre, will also be brought by this line within the same distance of London as by any other lines sanctioned by Parliament. It having been decided by Parliament that (with some exceptions, not applying to the present case) all new lines of railway - shall here after be constructed on the narrow gauge, it is obvious that the traffic of the districts accommodated by the proposed line will be best deve loped by a Company in connexion with the existing narrow gauge lines, giving, at the same time, to the public the advantages of that competition whichthe Legislature have recently evinced their anxiety to establish between rival Companies. Applications for Shares may be made, in the form given below, to the Secretary, at the Temporary Offices of the Company, 29, Great George-street, Westminster. In the allotment of Shares, a prefer ence will be given to parties resident on the line, or having local interest. FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SHARES. To the Provisional Committee of the London, Oxford, and Chelten. ham Railway (provisonally registered). Gentlemen,—l request jou . Will allot me shares in the above undertaking on the terms of the Prospectus, and I agree to accept the same or such less number as you shall allot to me. And I undertake to pay the deposit thereon, and to execute the Sub scriber's Agreement and Parliamentary Contract when required so to do. Dated this day of 1846. Name •••... •• • • • •• • . Residence .. .. Description •. .. Reference.... - .... • • .. THE UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER. 30 to 50 per Cent. Saved! To be had at the Patentees. 60, St. Martin's-lane, Charing-cross. The Patentees beg to call public attention to the following facts, Ile advantages resulting from the invention are various and striking. Independently of a saving of 30 to 50 per cent„ the com bustion is perfect, and the brilliancy produced superior to any light hitherto discovered. It emits neither smell nor smoke, and burns steadily for any period ; and such is Its purity, that it neither affects or soils the most delicate colour or the finest fabric. Objections have made to the introduction of gas In dwelling-houses, to the expense of fittings, to Its destruction of furniture, draperies, gold moulding, /cc.; these are entirely obviated by the "PATENT IJNlvEnser, Ges Duatrza." As the cost of laying on gas is muck lower than is com monly supposed, it is adapted fbr private dwellings, as well as for club-houses, hotels, manufactories, and public buildings. One of the small burners is amply suffioient to light a good-sized room, at a sum immeasurably lower than spirit, oil, or candle, with the avoidance of waste or trouble. The merits of the " Burner," its brilliancy and economy surpassing every other known light, are shown by the annexed authentic opinions of the qualities of the UNIVERSAL' GAS BURNER. Extract from the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Tuesday, 26th May, 1846, Sir JonN RENNIE, President, in the Chair. " A gas burner of a novel and ingenious construction was exhibited. The principal novelty was the introduction of a stream of air to the centre of the flame by a hollow button in the middle of the burner. The air passing up through the hollow stem of the button, was heated, and passed out by two series of fire-holes around the periphery, and impinging with force on the flame of the gas curved it outwards in the shape of a tulip, while the oxygen of the air, mingling with the carburetted hydrogen gas, produced a very perfect combustion, The flame was quite white down the top of the burner, was very steady, as was amply demonstrated by the excellent light of the Institution, where these burners have been used. In comparing the consumption of these burners with that of the concentric ring burners, and trying the power of the two lights by the photometer, the new burner gave a better light, with a saving of rather more than one-third." 11TALL OF ROME, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, HAYMARKET. Professor TURNOUT, bags most respectfully to inforn the Nobility, Subscribers, and Public, that he has produced that novelty never .befine attempted, viz., the Introduction of FEMALE MODELS of COLOUR, who will appear every Afternoon and Evening, in varied groupings, expressly arranged for them. Stalls, 2s. 6d.; Boxes, 25.; Pit, Is. Doors open at Half.past Two in the Afternoon, and commence at a Quarter past Three punctually. Evening performance, Half-past Eight o'clock. Venus will rise from the sea till further notice, INVENTORS and DEPOSITORS of WORK ING MODELS and of other Specimens of the Useful Arts (as well as the Visitors ofthe ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION) are respectfully informed that the Directors have given their anxious consideration to the new appointment of DEMONSTRATOR in MECHANICS, whose duty will be to explain to tha Visitors the Principles and Uses of the above Specimens with clearness and simplicity. The Ledtures now comprise the ELECTRIC TELE GRAPH, as well as other objects of present interest. The beautiful Optical Exhibitions, &c. &c. Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price. HOT WE ATHER.-TR AVELLING.-SE A SIDE.—The REGISTERD PALETOT in London, only at 22, Cornhill, opposite the Royal Exchange ; and the chief Llama Cloth Warehouse, 114, Regent-street. Do not be deceived by a similarity of name, placed in the windows of a few petty shops in the neighbourhood of the Patentees. Each Paletot is stamped " H. J. and D. NICOLL, 114, Regent-street." NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, 26, CORNIIILL. LONDON. Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parliament. This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in terests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates. The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in December of the present year. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary. THE TONTINE LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. 20, PALL-MALL. Capital, 400,0001. TRUSTEES. JorrN ELIJAH BLUNT, Esq. JOHN CONOLLY, M.D. SAVILLE CRAVEN HENRY OGLE, Esq., M.P. RANKERS. Messrs. llerries, Farquhar, and Co. Messrs. Martins, Stones, and Martins. This Company effects every species of Life Assurance, Annuity, and Endowment. Four-fifths of the profits divided amongst the Assured on the par ticipating scale. This Company grants Tontine Annuities in Classes, according to Age, with benefit of Survivorship, viz.:— Class 5 including 20 to 25 years of age £3 11 5 Class 9 " 40 to 4.5 3 18 0 Class 13 60 and upwards 4 15 1 Example.—A party investing 1001. in Class 13 will, from the day of Investment, receive an Annuity of 41, 15s. ld. per cent. per annum ; and on the completion of the number in his class, his Annuity will increase as his Companions die off, until it reaches the sum of 1,0001. per annum which he will enjoy during the remainder of his life. Prospectuses may he had on application at the office. FERDINAND GRUT, Actuary and Secretary. PUBLICATIONS. 'On Thursday next will be published, id 12mo. ZUMPT'S SCHOOL GRAMMAR of the LATIN LANGUAGE. Translated and adapted for use in English Schools, by Dr. L. SCHMITZ, F.R.S.E. Rector of the High School of Edinburgh. With a Preface, written expressly for this Translation, by the Author. London; Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans ; Of whom may be had, Bvo. price 14s. cloth, ZUMPT'S LARGER LATIN GRAMMAR. Translated and adapted by Dr. L. SCHMITZ ; with the Author's sanction and co operation. . . . The best Latin grammar in existence. A work that ought to be in the library of—not only every Latin student, but every Latin scholar."—Atheneum. Just published, price Gd. plain, or Is. coloured (Gd. extra if sent by post), THE ORGANIC THEORY of DOCTORS EXPOSED by the TIIIRD HYGEIAN PRINT, illustrating the various ways in whick the Medical Profession (as a body) are in terested in keeping up and teaching a false theory in Medicine, and also in using rank poisons in Medicine. This print tends more to open the eyes of the public to wrong medical treatment than any thing which has yet appeared. May be had at the British College of Health, New• road; and at the Hygeist Office, 368, Strand, London. It is the third illustration brought out by the British College of Health on this important question. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. BRISTOL, SEPTEMBER 16. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Birmingham and Gloucester, 130—Bristol and Gloucester, Coal Pit Heath, 72—Caledonian, 16- -Ditto, New, 1/. Ds. 3d.—Newcastle and Berwick, 28 —North Bri- Ash, Carlisle Extension, 2 13-16_p.—North Staffordshire, 3% p. BRITISH ASSOCIA.TION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. SOUTIIAMPTON, WEDNESDAY. - Yesterday evening a public dinner, open to all the members of the associa tion, took place at the long room, a large hall in which the meetings of the mathematical section are held. Tho banquet was very numerously attended, upwards of 260 members having sat down to table, but the arrange ments, to say the least of them, were not those of a first-rate London hotel. There were no stewards ap pointed, and the guests were kept waiting in an ante room without seats for a full hour after the time ar ranged. Philosophers were, however, not expected to complain of such trifles, and to say the truth of them they went through the experiment made upon their ca pability of endurance with true professional equanimity. Sir R. I. Murchison, the president of the association, filled the chair. On the right of the chairman sat Professor Oersted, Sir John Herschel, Bart., the Rev. B. Powell, and the Dean of Westminster, and on the left sat the Mayor, the Marquis of Northampton, Leonard Horner, Esq., F.R.S., and G. Porter, Esq., president of the statistical section. All the other foreigners who are guests of the association were provided with.pliv immediately in front of the chair. When the cloth was removed, and grace said, The PRESIDENT, in proposing the usual loyal toasts, referred to the interest which her Majesty took in the proceedings of the association, and to the knowledge which his Royal Highness Prince Albert displayed of the several branches of science treated of at the sectional meetings which he had attended. He then gave " The Queen." " His Royal Highness Prince Albert, the first and only honorary member of the British Association." " The army and navy." Lieutenant-Colonel Coiairti.E., returned thanks on the part of the army. He said that as they had so very brief an interval before the hour fixed for the evening meeting, he would not occupy their time except merely to return thanks for the honour that had been done the service with which he was connected. Europe had now been blessed with thirty years:of peace, and he trusted that that peace would long continue to the advancement of science and the continuance of the intercourse which now existed between them and the distinguished scien tific foreigners whom he saw around him. Captain ALLEN, R.N., i riefly acknowledged the toast on behalf of the navy. The PRESIDENT alluded to the very flattering and hospitable reception which the association had met with in the town of Southampton, and said he was sure every member present would cordially unite with him in drinking the next toast, which was " The Mayor, Cor poration, and Inhabitants of Southampton."—(Cheers.) The MAYOR said he should claim the same privilege that was accorded to those who preceded him, namely, of net tresspassing at any length upon their time, in con sequence of the very few moments that would elapse before the time fixed on for the eveni ng mee ti ng . In returning thanks for the honour which had been con ferred by the toast they had just drank, be begged to state that the authorities of the town most anxiously and ardently desired that the association would do them the honour of coming among them; and he sincerely hoped they were in turn well pleased with their reception.— (Cheers.) It was true that the people of Southampton had not received them with any great liberality or hos pitality, but they knew that they had to prepare for men of science, and that the arrangements which would be most acceptable to the members of the association were those tending to promote the objects for which th e y laboured.—(Cheers.) Mr. SIIAPCOTE acknowledged the toast on the part of the' inhabitants. He apologised for anytannoyances which might be felt on account of the delay which had taken place in the arrangements for the dinner, and said that, on the whole, he trusted they would consider the pledge which he had given at the Cambridge meeting, namely, that they would be cordially received at South• ampton, had been redeemed. The Marquis of NORTHAMPTON, in brief but cora- Ilimentary terms, proposed " The health of the Presi leut." The toast was received with great applause. The PRESIDENT returned thanks. He felt in the tes timony of their applause that, humble geologist as he was, they were satisfied with the exertions which he had made as president of their association. He would ask those—if there were such, for he had not much time for reading latterly, and he did not well know what was going forward—he would ask those who criticised their proceedings, to look at the scientific character of the men by whom he was surrounded. He might mention 100 names of members of that association who occupied the very foremost rank in science, and he would ask whether it could be said that they were not capable of directing the whole power of their minds to the greatest objects of the sciences which they cultivated ?--(Hear, hear.) In a recent elaborate discourse ho endeavoured to put before them the claims which the asso ciation had on science, and the many instances in which they had effected objects of the highest scientific interest, which would never have been produced but for the energies and the money of the members of that body. He would say to those to whom he alluded, that if they did not look to these facts—if they did not look the horse in the face—let them not attempt criticising their proceedings.—(Hear, hear.) The association at its present meeting received an im pulse in the support which had been extended to it by all classes, from the Sovereign downwards, and which could not fail to be most beneficial to science. —(Hear.) The PRESIDENT again rose, and after complimenting the foreign guests of the association separately, and re ferring to the great scientific claims of each of them, which he had before set forth in his inaugural address, begged to propose the health of M. Oersted, their lead ing member, and the other distinguished foreigners who had honoured the meeting with their presence. The toast was drunk with great enthusiasm. Mr. BULLER, of Southampton, begged, on the part of his fellow-townsmen, to offer a cordial welcome to the illustrious foreign gentlemen whose health had been just drunk. M. OERSTED briefly returned thanks, and expressed the gratification felt by his foreign friends, as well as by himself, at the kind reception they had met with in this country, and the great amount of valuable and interest. ing knowledge which they had received in attending at the meeting of the Britieh Association. The company then separated. THE EVENING MEETING. The fourth evning meeting of the association was held at half-past eight o'clock, in the Royal Victoria Rooms. The attendance was fully as numerous and brilliant as on the precedirg evening. Sir R. MURCHISON, the president, on taking the chair, apologised to the ladies present for the delay of half an hour which had taken place beyond the usual time of meeting, in consequence of the proceedings elsewhere. He then introduced Mr. Grove, the eminent chemist, to the meeting. The matter selected for the proceedings of this evening, it should be observed, comprised an explanation by Mr. Grove of his own recent discoveries of the decomposition of water by heat, and also an account of M. Schonbein's extraordinary invention of explosive cotton. _ _ Mr. GROVE entered in the first place on an explanation of Professor Schonbein's invention. He commenced with a sketch of the history of explosive substances. Though the origin of gunpo w d er is generally attributed to Schwartz, a monk of Cologne, he considered it pro bable that the experiments of that individual were made on explosive bodies well known for a considerable time previously. A pyrotechnic combination called " Greek fire" is mentioned in Arabic, Greek, and Laths writers of the 9th century, and in the 13th century a considerable number of such anbstanoes were known to the Arabs, who called them " Chinese fire" and " Chinese hail," &o.; and most probably, therefore, owed their knowldge of them to the Chinese. In all of these nitre was introduced, and some of them contained the precise ingredients of gunpowder. Professor Schonbein's discovery was not as yet secured by a patent, and of course it could not be supposed that the ingredients which he made use of would be commu nicated, but it was a gratifying circumstance that he had in the first place come to offer it to the British Govern ment and the British people. The principal drawbacks in the use of gunpowder were, that it produced so much smoke, and left a residuum which prevented fire-arms from being used for any considerable time without cleansing. M. Schonbein's gun cotton had neither of these disadvantages. It had all the appearance of ordinary white cotton, and was not injured by moisture. There were two kinds of this cotton, both similar in appearance, but one of an inferior quality which pro duced a small quantity of smoke, and left a slight residuum. The other caused not the slightest appear ance of smoke, and left no traces whatever on the paper from which it was fired. Mr. Grove fired off some portions of gunpowder, and of the two kinds of cotton, both dried and moist. In one experiment the superior cotton when placed on gunpowder exploded without igniting the powder, which was afterwards fired off on the application of a heated wire. This proved the great rapidity of its combustion, while the absence of smoke s eudniaotnawlhatiecrh p to er o i k od p o la f c t e he be e t v w e e n e i n ng t , h o e w s in u g bs t t a o n t c h es e was according to the opinion o f Si r J. Herschel, made pexerpfreecst use of. Mr. GROVE next proceeded to explain his own great discovery of the separation of water into its constituent elements by heat. His discourse was the substance of a paper which he has communicated to the Royal Society on this subject. Water is known to be composed of two elements, oxygen and hydrogen, from a chemical union of which it can be easily formed. By passing water through a red-hot gun-barrel the oxygen unites with the iron, which becomes incrustated with rust, while the hydrogen is eliminated separately. This is the old mode of proceeding, but no attempt had heretofore suc ceeded of collecting both the gases in one experiment, without having either absorbed by any other substance. The new process discovered by Mr. Greve consists in introducing two platinum wires into the lower part of a glass tube, hermetically sealed, and filled with water, from which the atmospheric air has been first expelled by boiling. The wire is then heated almost to the point of fusion, by means of the galvanic current, and the in tense heat has the effect of completely decomposing the water, the gases rising in small bubbles, which were cellected at the other extremity of the tube. As it might be supposed that the decomposition was produced by the action of the galvanic fluid, he next tried the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, by which the greatest known heat can be produced, and the result was precisely the same. Sir JOHN HERSCHEL being called upon by the Pres dent, addressed the meeting at some length. The Rer. Dr. ROBINSON also addressed the meeting, and alluded to the extraordinary visitation of comets during the past two years. Their number was so great that on one night he had been able to point out to some of his friends who visited the Armagh Observatory no less than five comets. A remarkable fact, which ap• peared to have some connexion with the discovery of Mr. Grove, is that the comets when coming from their an nelion appear like small stars surrounded by the cloudy envelope or coma from which they derive their name ; but after passing the sun the comet swells out into an immense size, while the star or solid body considerably decreases, and in one instance, observed. by Sir John Herchel at the Cape, appeared to have entirely dis appeared. Sir JOHN HERscREL remarked that one of the most extraordinary scientific facts of the past year was that of one of the comets having divided into two, each of which proceeded on its way alone. He would probably have some remarks to bring before the association on this subject at a future time. The meeting, after hearing some explanatory remarks from Mr. Grove, separated. The sections, with the exception of those which had completed their labours yesterday, all opened at eleven o'clock this morning. SECTION B.—CHEMISTRY There were six papers read at this section, but there was only one of any general interest among them. " On certain principles which obtain in the application of manures. By W. C. Spooner." After alluding to the importance of studying economy in considering the application of chemistry to the purposes of agriculture— a fact which chemists were but too prone to overlook— the author dwelt on the necessity of attending to the distinction between manures that are most essential to the plant, and which can only be supplied by manure, and those which are less essential and which can be pro cured from other sources. Whilst the compounds of ammonia and phosphoric acid are of such value as to well repay the expenditure of a large sum in procuring them—the weaker manures—the alkalis, which can t o a great extent be substituted fo r eac h other, and the sili• cates, which ought to be realised from the soil, should only be used aspurchased manure when they canbe procured at a low expense—particularly as they may be got from the ashes of vegetables, or from burnt clay or other soil, or else by the disintegration of the earth in the mecha nical operations of agriculture. The paper concluded by suggesting the formation of an exclusively agrieul ,,ural section at the future meetings of the association. of the points on which information was wanted were these : —The stability of the vessel to carry a suffi cien.cy of can vass to o b ta i n the necessary speed was an important consideration. The stability was to be obtained, either by lengthening the vessel, or still more iby increasing th e b rea d th, or else by deepen ing t. Each of these modes, however, bore with it a corresponding disadvantage, and some general theory of proportion was most desirable. The second point was to enable the vessel to move through the water with the least possible resistance. By increas ing the stability of the vessel, they increased also the resistance, and that resistance was also considerably pro moted if the vessel left a slough or vacant place in ;,he water at its stern. The third great object was to increase the power of the vessel to sail against the resistance of the wind, as in sailing near the wind her tendency to drift sideways was much greater than in going ahead. On none of these points had they any accurate theore tical knowledge whate ver . Th e wa t er line, which was the line formed by the water on being first separated and then closing behind the vessel, was entirely unseteed, almost every ship-builder having some favourite theory of his own, without, however, being able to assign any reason for adopting it. The reverend gentleman then gave some particul ars o f t h e exce ll ent sa ili ng qualities of Dr. Corrigan's yacht, but said that it was probable the wave principle on which she was built might here after be still further improved. At least there were some'points on which he would like to cross-examine the inventor. Mr. RUSSELL then came forward, and after expressing his gratitude to the association for directing its attention to so important a subject, proceeded to explain the theory of what was known as the wave principle in ship building. He was first induced to direct his mind to this subject when the canal companies proposed, some years ago, to establish swift boats that might compete with the mail coaches. On being applied to by them, his first attempt was to build one with a spheroidal bow, but the result was not as successful as was to be wished. The favourite shape of bow among seamen at the time was that called a duck's breast, but the effect was to raise a large wave immediately in front of the vessel, which of course considerably retarded its velocity. He then directed his attention to the motion of the water itself. When a vessel passed through the water at a great velocity, a high wave was raised at the head, as high in the old steamers as four feet, and this wave on falling back formed a hollow by its pressure immediately behind it, and the water was afterwards sent out with great force on both sides of the bow. All this was a costly and useless expenditure of force. In en deavouring to ascertain the least resistance necessary to bring the particles of water out of a state of rest, he conceived that there ought to be a similarity between the motion of water and that of a pendulum revolving in a circle, and this led him to adopt the form known as the wave principle. This is different from a bow formed or two straight lines meeting at an acute angle, in being narrower than such a bow towards the cut-water, and a little wider towards the bow. The object to be attained was, he conceived, to remove the particles of water ra pidly, and at the same time not to throw them farther aside than the breadth of the vessel amidships. That this object was effected .by the wave principle he ascer tained in the following manner :—He got his model boat to be carried along by high-bred horses at a speed of 17 miles an hour, and made the head pass between two oranges floating on the water, and which he intended to represent two particles of the water to be removed. The oranges merely touched the side of the vessel until they got amidships, and there remained, thus showing that no greater force had been applied to them than was necessary to remove them out of the way of the vessel. Another phenomenon observed was, that, instead of the high wave at the bow, which sailors thought was a sign of a ship sailing well, or what they called carrying a bone in her teeth, the elevation and subsequent depression of the water were entirely got rid of. He at first thought it would be better to have the same shape behind, but he found it did not answer at all. He diseovered, in fact, that the fuller she was behind, and the flatter she lay upon the surface of the water, the quicker she sailed, and that this should be the case is clear, when it is consi dered that the water, returning to its level, is governed by an entirely different law from that by which it is first separated. These two considerations united led him to the adoption of what is known as the wave principle. In the wave formation, the greatest breadth of the ship is not at the bows, or even amidships, but a great way aft, in the ratio of three to two, and the other peculiarity is, that there is a long and extremely gentle hollow in the water-line forward, with a very full water-line abaft, but which is, however, never on the surface of the water to exceed a cycloid. An interesting discussion followed,' and several mem bers expressed themselves highly gratiied at the explan ation which Mr. Russell had given of his theory. MEETING OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE. The general committee met this day at three o'clock. The President in the chair, The minutes of the last meeting having been read and confirmed, Mr. TAYLOR, the general treasurer, read his report of he number of tickets issued since the commencement of he meeting. They were as follows : Old life members 241 New members lO New annual subscribers 39 Old annual subscribers Associates Foreigners Ladies 198 Total 843 The amount of money received was 7101., to which was to be added the subscription of his Royal Highness Prince Albert of 1001., and Si. 4s. Bd. for books, making in all 8201. 4s. Bd. Colonel SABINE, the general secretary, then read the lists of recommendations agreed to by the committee of recommendation. These were divided into three parts, the first involving grants of money from the associa tion, the second requiring no grants of money, and the third being recommendations to the Government or other public bodies. The recommendations were una nimously adopted. The Toll°Wing is a synopsis of the grants of moneys recommended, with the name of the member, who alone, or as the first of the committee, is entitled to draw for the money:— Kew Observatory £lso 0 0 MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. Erman, A.—Computation of Gaussian for 1839. (Continuation.) .... Birt, W.—Researches in Atmospheric Waves 10 0 0 Robinson, Rev. Dr.—Construction of a new Anemometer (Committee).—Complete Catalogues of Stars 70 0 0 CHEMICAL SCIENCE. Percy, Dr.—On Crystalline Slags, &c.. 2O 0 0 Schunck.—On Colouring Matters ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. Strickland, R. E.—Vitality of Seeds 10 1 0 Portlock, Capt.—Marine Zoology of Corfu 10 0 0 Lemon, Sir Charles, Bart.—Marine Zoology of Cornwall lO 0 0 Forbes, Prof. E.—Marine Zoology of Britain 10 0 0 Egerton, Sir Philip, Bart.—Habits of Marine Animals Spence, William. —On Seorpionidm and Araenidw Owen, Prof.—Tabular Forms for Registering Periodical Phenomena PHYSIOLOGY. _ Blake, Dr.—Physiological - IQ3'n of Medi- cines 2O 0 0 REMOVAL, DP. CULVERWELL has REMOVED to No. 10, ARGYLL-PLACE. EGENT-STREET, (leading to Great Marlborough-street,) where he may be consulted, as usual, l)aily till Three, and In the Evening from Seven till Nine ; and where alse his several publications, of which entirely new and en larged editions have recently been published, may be obtained. CERTIFICATE, POLYTECHNIC CHEMICAL ScaooL.—" In testing Clark, Mc Niell, and Co,'s Universe lGas Burner with one of the best shawdowless burners, it gave a more pure and brilliant light, with a saving of 20 to 25 per cent." GEORGE CRISP, Engineer, ROBT. LONGBOTTOM, Secretary, CERTIFICATE, " In a series of experiments made upon Clark, Mc Niell, and Co.'s Patent Universal Gas Burner, its superiority was satisfactorily esta blished in economy arid the quality of the light. Tested against argand burners, Nos. 4 (12 holes), and 6 (15 holes), it afforded a• saving of at least 25 per cent., and against three fish-tail burners, No. 4, 49 per cent. The colour and brilliancy of the flame is supe rior to any other burner." T. W. DATES, Consulting Chemist, J. D. PALMER, Mechanical Inspector. Thi UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER is used nightly at the Poly ie institution, and may be had and seen from 11 till 4, at the , 60, St. Martin's-lano, Charing-cross ; and of all Ctas Fitters. DIVISION OF PROFITS. The remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a fourth bonus, varyinalrom 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid on each Policy effecturon the Profit scale. EXAMPLES. Bonus in p .., .-,,, ' i's 2 ~ Bonus R. ( 5 ) g Ass aq i Premium ' 9' El added. Cash. E. '6" g m ured ay E 0 = Borrow. • 1- 1 ..- _ rilS37 T. 91715 l'-elnrl nn rin n A-CA,. n ' £ 5.d.1837' ~s,s, 1000 3 4 1:1839, 1 1840 1841 ,£21715 I£loo 011' 192 3 0, 87 1 4 ] 165 11 10 74 1 9' 116 7 6 54 0 10 111 6 8, 49 10 0 ;£ I I 3 G 10 0 2 4 ,1 11 3 11 7 18 10, 7 10 41 !X445 0 0 395 11 1 346 2 3 296 13 4 247 4 5 MANCHESTER, SEPTEMBER 16. STOCK EXCHANQE.—The sales are—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, 1 5-1(I p.—Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham, 1 Is. c. dis. —Eastern Counties, York Extension, 1 9-16 p.—Exeter and Ex mouth, 11-16 dis.—Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 3 dis.—Hudders field Halifax, and Bradford, 29 p.—Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal 114 p.—Ditto, Extension, 7-16 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 4 dis.--Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, 2% p.—Leicester and Bedford, 10s. 6d. dis.—London, Manchester, and Birmingham, 7614—Ditto, Quarters (A), 73 p.—Ditto, ditto (B). p.—Manches ter and Leeds Extension, 1 15-16 p.—Manchester and Southamp ton, 16s. dis.—North Eastern, 1% dis.—Oldham, Birkenhead, &c., dis.—Sheffield and Manchester, Quarters, No. 3, 1-16 p.— Shropshire Union Railway and Canal, % dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, Halves, No. 4, 9.16 p.—West Riding Union, 2 7-16 p. LEEDS, SEPTEMBER 16. Swam ExcasmE.—The sales are—Eastern Counties, York Ex tension, 31s. p.—Huddersfield and Manchester, 1 % c. p.—Huddersfield and Sheffield, 61i c. p.—Leeds and Bradford, 44% p.—Leeds and Dewsbury, 216 c. p.—Ditto, Branches, 20s. p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 4% c. dis.—Ditto, New, 3 dis.—North British, 1214 p.—Ditto, Carlisle Branch, 58s. p.—Clitheroe Junction, 18s. 6d. dis.—Grand Union, 15s. dis. s.—Great Eastern and Western, 325. tics.—Lancashire, York shire, and North Eastern, 275. dis. —Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 13s. dis.—Malton and Driffleld Junction, 12s. 6d. p.—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 265. p.—North Staffordshire, 3% p.—North Western, 3s. p.—Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, I is. die. 9.--Shropshire Union, 45. 6d. dis.—West Riding Union, 4/. 119. 6d. HULL. SEPTEMBER 16. STOCK ExcnANGE.—The sales are—York and Newcastle, New, 11 U—Buckinghamshire, % dis.—East Lincolnshire, 13s.—Fleet wood, Preston, and West Riding, 9s. Gd.—North Western, 24s.—West Riding Union, 4/. 9s.—Grand Union, 13s. 6d.—Leicester and Bedford, 1 ls. 6d. YORK,SEPTEMBER 16. STOCK EXCIIAIME.—The sales are —Grand Union (Nottingham and Lynn), % —lpswich and Bury, 9—Ditto, Extension (Norwich), 2% —Ditto (Cambridge and Ely), 1 11—London and York, 2/. Os. Gd. —Malton and • Driflield Junction, 2% —North British, Half Shares, 16—Ditto, Carlisle Extension, 4—North Western, 134—West Riding Union, 4 %—York and Newcastle, New, 11%. EDINBURGH, SEPTEMBER 15. STOCK EXCHANOE.-The sales are-Aberdeen, 14/. IN.-Airdrie and Bathgate, 4/. 23. 6d.-Arbroath and Forfar, 281.-Ditto, Half Shares, 151. IN.-Armagh and Portrush, 12s. 6d.-Ayr and Gal loway, 11. 65.-Belfast and County Down, Bs.-British and Irish Union, 2/. 35.-Caledonian, 161.-Ditto, New, 11. 125.-Caledonian Extension, 1/. 125.-Caledonian and Durribarton, 11. 25.-Clydes dale Junction, 28/. 7s. 6d.-Cornwall and Devon Central, 11. lOs.- Deeside Railway, 2/. 7s. 6d.-Direct Northern, 11. 13s. 6d.-Dundee and Arbroath, 371.-Ditto, New, 241.-Dundee and Perth, 25/. 11s.- East Indian Railway, 149. 6d.-East of Fife, IL Os. 6d.-Edinburgh and Bathgate, 2/. lbs. 6d.-Edinburgh and Glasgow, 721.-Ditto, Half Shares, 18/. 10s.-Ditto, Quarters, 171. 10s.-Ditto, ditto, New, 171. 10s.-Edinburgh, Leith, and Branton, 17/. IN.-Ditto, Preference, 21/. 55.-Edinburgh and Northern, 10/.-Ditto, Newport, 2/. Bs. 6d. -Edinburgh and Perth, 21.-Forth and Clyde Junction, 11. 18s.- Glasgow and Ayrshire, 771.-Ditto, New Stock, 41/.125. 6d.-Ditto, Quarter Shares, 18/. IN.-Glasgow and Belfast Union, 2/. 9s. 6d.- Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, it. 155.-Glasgow and Dundee June. tion, 11. 13s. 6d.-Glasgow and Garnkirk, 391. 10s.-Glasgow General Terminus; 91.--Glasgow and Greenock, 161. 10s.-Ditto, New Stock, 81. 15k-Ditto, Preference, 11. 155.-Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ardrossan, 11. 12s. 6d.-Glasgow, Strathaven, and Lesmahagow, 2/. 195.-Granton Junction, 10s.-Great North of Scotland, 155.- Larne, Belfast, and Ballymena, 95.-London, Bristol, and South Wales, 11. 3s. 6d.-London and York, 2/. N.-Ditto, Half Shares, 1/. 155.-Midland and Eastern Counties, 155.-Newcastle and Ber wick, 271. 155.-North British, 371.-Ditto, Halves, 161. 10s.- Ditto, Extension to Carlisle, 41. 25.-Ditto, Fifths, 71. 10s.-North Staffordshire, 51. 17s. Gd.-North Wales Mineral, 181. 10s.-Ditto, New, 9/. 17s. 6d.-Scottish Central, 191. 55.-Ditto, New, 91. 12s. Gd. -Scottish Central and Caledonian Junction, 1/. 10s.-Scottish Grand Junction, 12s.- Scottish Midland, 81. 2s. 6d.-Scottish Southern, 11. 175.-Shrewsbury and Hereford, Bs.-Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Chester, 5/. 10s.-South Midland, 21.148.-Stirling and Dunfermline, IV2s. 6d.-Stirling and Midland, N. 165.-Strathern Junction, 2/.- Wishaw and Coltness, 471. 10s. GLASGOW, SEPTEMBER 15. STOCK MECHAM:M.—The sales are—Caledonian, New, 325. 6d.— Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Extension, 235. 9d.—East Indian Railway, 14s. 6d.—Edinburgh and Glasgow, Quarter Shares, 18/. Glasgow_General . Terminus, 91. 7 :Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, Halves, 51. 15s. 6d. p.—Glasgow, Dumfiles; and Carlisle,3ss.—Glas gow, Kilmarnock, and Ardrossan, 295. 6d.—Glasgow, Airdrie, and Monkland Junction, 39s.—Glasgow Harbour Mineral, 28s. 6d.—Great North of India, ss. 3d.—Manchester and Southampton, 24s.—Scot tish Central, 191.—Ditto, New, 9% EXTENSION OF THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TO CHELTENHABL—We understand that the completion of this railway from Gloucester to Cheltenham, on the broad gauge, will be immediately proceeded with, and will be finished as soon as possible. The completion of the line will effect a considerable saving in time to the passenger, and will, in some measure, lessen the real or imaginary inconveniences produced by the break of gauge at Gloucester. The completion of the line will occupy a very short space of time, and the journey be tween Paddington and Cheltenham, according to the present rate of travelling, will be performed in four hours and a half, and by the express trains in three hours. The portion of the railway between Gloucester and Cheltenham will be laid on the Birmingham and Gloucester line, in accordance with the stipulations en tered into by both companies, and finally resolved by Act of Parliament. NEW CHURCH AT BETHNAL-GREEN.—Yesterday the ceremony of laying the foundation-atone of the new church of St. Matthi as , Hare-street, Bethnal-green, was performed by the Lord Mayor, in the presence of a large number of the neighbouring clergy. His Lordship arrived at two o'clock, and was heartily welcomed by a concourse of from 6,000 to 8,600 persons. The new church, which will be in the Byzantine style of archi. Lecture, is from the design of Messrs. Wyatt and Bran don, and the building has been entrusted to Messrs. Winsland and Holland, who have undertaken to com plete it for the sum of 6,0001. The church of St. Mat thias will be the largest of the ten proposed to be erected in Bethnal-green, being 117 feet 6 inches in length. All the seats will be unappropriated and entirely free. At the close of the ceremony, all the persons resident in the district who felt inclined to - accept the invitation sat down to tea in the spacious warehouses of the Eastern Counties Company, at the Mile-end station, kindly granted for their use by C. P. Roney, Esq., the secretary. Over•this entertainment the Lord Mayor presided, and although the company consisted of nearly 3,000 persons, not the slightest confusion was occasioned. The assembly broke up about four o'clock. SECTION C.-GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY. Leonard Horner, Esq., president. This section sat for a short time, and afterwards pro ceeded to visit the Artesian well on the common, near the town. The president of the association, Sir R. Mur chison, announced it to be the opinion of the principal geologists present, that as the boring had been continued for such a considerable distance into the chalk, the works ought to be proceeded with, with the expectation of soon reaching the upper-green sandstone, in which the great supply of water would be found. SECTION D.—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. Sir John Richardson, M.D., president, in the chair. " On mould containing phosphorescent vegetables. By the Hon. W. Fox Strangways." The luminous matter described in the paper was found attached to the roots of some mosses on a hill near Alexandria. No at tempt at explaining the phenomenon was made. Mr. BABINGTON observed that he had found the same phosphorescence attached to precisely similar moss grow ing in cavities in the red sandstone of Cornwall. ." On the dissimilarity in the calcifying functions of mollusks, whose organisation is in other respects similar." By Mr. Lovell Reeve—This was an oral communication, and the author delivered some interesting remarks on the physiological condition of the highest forms of mollusks, for the purpose of showing the subordinate character of the shell as compared with the other parts of their struc ture. He demonstrated that of the four shell secreting kinds of cephalopods, the cuttle fish, the paper nautilus, the pearly nautilus, and the spirule or ram's horn, each exhibited a different method of forming its shell, differ ing as much from each other in their microscopic struc ture, and secreted even from different parts of their system, although strictly allied in all those elements of anatomical detail which constitute the soft parts or animal frame; showing also that whilst the calcareous portion of the cuttle fish was merely represented by an internal bony plate, consisting mainly of carbonate of lime, the shell of the pearly nautilus constituted a huge mechanical apparatus, secreted from the mantle envelop ing the visceral mass, and consisting of two separate deposits, an outer crust, and an inner nacre, for the purpose of buoying up its i n h a bit an t under the different mutations of pressure to which it is subjected in its deep region of habitation. The shell of the paper nautilus, on the other hand, was a light elastic boat, transparent and permeable to light, secreted only by the female for the purpose of containing her eggs; and that in this animal the office of calcification was transferred by some mysterious order from the mantle to the hinder pair of arms. The spirula was again totally different, it being contained within the mantle of an animal far larger in proportion than that of the other cephalopods, under circumstances which at present remained unknown. The drawing exhibited was taken from a living specimen recently collected at New Zealand, for the first time in perfect condition, but as the proprietor was unwilling that it should be dissected, Mr. Reeve could only state that it contained a problem in the physiological history of the cephalopods which it was extremely desirous to solve. The next point to which he directed the attention of the section was the curious difference which takes place in the growth of the cowrey and the olive, and which he had more fully communi cated to the Limixan Society. When the cowrey arrived at a certain period of its existence, the mantle divided into two lobes, which passing out of the aperture of the shell on either side, deposited the testaceous matter from the outside; but the olive, which produces a shell of almost similar appearance and external polish, com pleted its growth by the gradual addition of matter at the top, secreted by the mantle, which has no further influence over the shell after it once receded from it in its course of retrovolution, and was held in a state of tention by a filament or cord passing from its posterior extremity into a narrow groove in the spire of the shell. Other peculiarities were also demonstrated in the colours and design of the different layers of enamel. The author next directed his remarks to the chiton, patella, dolium, glassy nautilus, firoles, and other mollusks, the whole of which were illustrated by a series of beauti fully executed drawings on a large scale, each as in a living condition, with its shell in situ. Mr. Reeve con cluded his observations by hoping that as the result of his inquiries were in course of publication elsewhere, we should soon see our amateur conchologists collecting their specimens with a more philosophic spirit of inquiry into the nature and habits of those animals of which they merely constituted a subordinate portion. Whilst the geologist might content himself to a certain extent with the shells, as serving to identify that abundant issue of imperishable medals by which he is enabled to calcu late the age and convulsions of the crust of our globe, the zoologist must be satisfied with nothing short of complete physiological analysis of the mysterious ani mals from which they are derived. SECTION E.—SUBSECTION FOR ETHNOLOGY. Dr. R. G. Latham in the chair. 1. Dr. Twining on Nekrowazezers of Bessarabia. 2. On the Inhabitants of Timor. 3. On the Inhabitants of Macassar. 4. Dr. R. G. Latham's Report on the present state of Ethnological Philology. SJ Tion G.—MEenAnies. The Rev. Dr. Robinson, vice-president, in the chair. The proceedings at this section to-day were looked forward to during the week with much anxiety, as the new wave principle in the importont department of naval architecture was expected to be developed. The room was densely crowded during the meeting. Dr. PHIPPS gave an account, which was of a most flattering kind of the sailing powers of two sailing yachts, built by him on the wave principle. These were the Enchantress cutter and a smaller boat built for Dr. Corrigan, of Dublin. In the course of his remarks he observed that vessels of from 70 to 80 tons might be safely cutter-rigged, but above that tonnage the enor mous weight and size of the mainboom would render such a rig unwieldy and dangerous. In smaller vessels it might be taken as a general rule that no plurality of sails would never effectually supply the place of one large sail. The Rev. Dr. ROBINSON said, before calling on Mr. Russell, the author of th e wave s y s t em of ship. building, to explain its principles, he would offer a few preliminary remarks on a subject involving so intimately the great ness and prosperity of this empire. There was a museum, which was easy of access, kept at Somerset House, of the models of nearly all the vessels of war that had ever been built, and it was a most humiliating sight to perceive that, with the exception of the celebrated ship the Great Harry, and the Sovereign of the Seas, there was not a single model rising higher than that of a beast of burden in the entire, save some prizes taken from the French. During the war it was found that French vessels could always keep to the windward of the British ships, and then sail away from them when they liked, and it was solely owing to the indomitable spirit of th e B r iti s h sailors that so many great victories had been obtained. The superiority of the French ships he ascribed to the care taken by Louis XIV. to unite practical know ledge with superior science in this branch of national greatness. The few good British ships that had been constructed were made after French models, and even in these there was such an inferiority, that a number of small vessels, built on the plan of a celebrated French corvette, were so bad as to be known in the service as the forty thieves. The writers on naval arhi • tecture, with the exception of Chapman and a few more, promulgated the most absurd rules and systems, and left the subject without any theoretic principles whatever to guide the builders. He would have asked the associa tion before this to obtain a report on the practical prin ciples of naval architecture, but that he really knew no one to whom they could apply with a prospect of getting a satisfactory answer. As an instance of the bad feel ing existing on this subject, he had only to allude to the recent operations of the experimental squadron, where matters of fact had been made matters of party. He trusted, however, that at the next session of the associa tion some better prospect would be before them. A few £4lO 0 0 Dr. Carpenter's Report on Microscopic Structure of Shells, &c., to be illustrated by plates, not exceeding twenty in number. There were several recommendations to individual members to continue their researches in various branches of science on which reports had been presented at the present meeting. The only recommendations in the third class were two applications to the Government. One was for a publication of the meteorological ebserva tions kept by the officers engaged in the Ordnance sur vey of Ireland, kept at Mountjoy and the Pigeon House forts, and the other was for an accurate survey of the parallel roads at Glenray, in the north of Scotland. Professor Willis, the president of the mechanical sec tion, brought forward a recommendation that that sec tion might be reunited to the mathematical and physical section, the whole to be called " The Section on Mathema tical, Physical, and Mechanical Science." The arrange ment was considered advisable, in consequence of the necessity of the same members attending both in most cases. The inconvenience formerly found to exist was proposed to be remedied by the appointment of a com mittee to investigate models in which the professors of physical science could feel no interest. The question will come under the consideration of the committee next session. The secretaries and officers of the council were then re-appointed, and Professor Ansted, Professor Willis, and Major Shadwell Clarke requested to act as auditors. This being the last business meeting of the associa tion, the general committee was declared to stand ad journed until the 23d of June next, at Oxford. There will be an evening meeting to-night, and the members of the association are invited to inspect the ships and fortifications at Portsmouth to-morrow, the foreigners and officers of the council being all invited to a &joiner at the residence of the Admiral of the port. THE HARVEST.—The fields within six miles of Edinburgh may be described as cleared. The generkd complaint is lightness of return—corn as well as straw; and, as a necessary consequence, markets are rising. Wheat in Edinburgh market brought from 4s. to ss. per quarter more money on Wednesday than on the previous market-day; and oats and barley realised an equkl ad vance. Strange as it may seem after the many 'stab.- meats as to the total failure of the potato crop, 41. per acre and upwards have been obtained by public roup for some fields; but unless to feed pigs we do not see to what use the product can be turned, for it is seldom that one good potato in twenty is turned up. Great fears are entertained of the soundness of turnips. Around Edin burgh this crop still maintain; a healthy appearance; but from East Lothian there are some very unfavourable accounts.—Scotsman. A haddock was captured off Whitehaven last week, in the belly of which was found a considerable part of a Joiner's two-foot rule. - 22 - 25 - 30 - 29 - 29 - - 31 - Sept. I - 2 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 4 - 4 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 J kr. FN Mfg' SO L' 0 0 • • olr. 110