The Sun. — London, England, 1846-08-18 00:00:00

RAILWAY COMMITTEES. (YESTERDAY) - HOUSE OF LORDS. ATANCELESTER AND SOUTHAPI'LIy TON. The Committee to whom this Bill had been r eterred, con sisting of Lord Monteagle (cha irman), Lord Foley, Lord Churchill, and Lord Sondes, met this morning, at 11 o'clock, in Room A. whom were Mr. Gr e re ev Mr. Sergeant Wrangbam, Mr. James, Mr. Wheeler, appeared with h nd Mr Cri • Ta . lbote "" : for the promoters of the Bill ; Mr. • I ‘l l .e. Rickards, and Sir Thomas Phillips for the Great. ';Vestern, and South Western, and the landowners. Mr. Sergeant WualeGrater proceeded to, the case on the part of the promoters. He said te A line would be 88 miles in length, and that it .would co A in round numbers, 1,000,0001., and was intended to affie A direct railway com munication from Manchester, in the aserth, to Southampton, in the south. He could start from eiceuthampton at a point on the quay which offered, great facilities foe loading and unloading, and woulee take nearly a direct course north, passing through Andreefe e , M ar lborough, Swindon, Cireoceeter, and even to Che,ceetham, where, at a place called Swindon, it would form a eeanction yrith the Gloucester and Birmingham, and pass else to the north of the existing lines. The cost per mile wou'A 'be between 17,0001. and 18,0001., and they had no engineering difficulties to contend with except et, the Cotteswold fulls, which would have to be tunnelled ; Cut the ( fifth:rat:its at this point were only of the ordinary character. Tbe whole district south of Swindon, which was traversed by the line, was, at the present moment, lamentably deficient of railway communication, and, in fact, a great 'portion of the counties of Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Dorsetehire, must also be considered as being shut out from that railway communication which other districts now pos sessed. Persons in the north, who carried on an extensive trade with every portion of the empire, had had their opera tions crippled, and their means of extending their com mercial transactions cut away from them, owing to the want of direct railway communication with this district. It was true a portion of the district had water communication afforded to it by the Andover canal, from Andover to the sea, which had lingered foryears, and "lingeringly lived," affording no great accommodation to:he district, and certainly with no great profit to those who had embarked their pro perty in the undertaking. They intended to use this canal by an agreement with its proprietors for the purpose of this railway, which would obviate the necessity of interfering with residential or other property along the line, and else, save the promoters considerable expense. The line wor e fa reduce the price of coals to the whole district traversed, and convey to the north for manufacture clay from Poeae, and sand from the Isle of Wight to be transmuted into, glass, in addition to large quantities of goods for exportation. By the existing railway communication the distance. ftom Chel tenham to Swindon was forty-four miles ‘ which the Manchester and Southampton would redticA,Vo twenty-nine miles, effecting a saving of fifteen mils, The distance was not the only objection, for even if Vete recommendation of Parliament was carried out, there we,old still be a break of gauge at Cheltenham. To show the - reecessitY of such a rail way, he might state that the Great sS'estern had in the pre sent session proposed a line ferene Oxford to Cheltenham which had been unsuccessful. 'Ant they had not abandoned their intention of ultimately Obtaining the sanction of Par liament to the line. :e a 'great was the objection to that route that many pers , ,ns preferred using coaches and their own private vehicles tn. order to get to Swindon and Ciren cester. A great portion of the district was agricultural, in which there were a number of sheep fairs; but the case of the Pateiborough line, which ran through an agricultural district, and yielded an ample revenue, set the questitee at rest, that agricultural districts could sup port railveays. Great quantities of cattle and sheep were sent to the north, which would go by the line if it were made. Ther e were now driven as far as Gloucester, and there placed (Lathe railway. Salt would be brought from Droitwich for agricultural purposes. The only means of obtaining goods by railwayfrom the north was by the London and Birming ham, then by cart to Nine Elms, and by the South-Western on to Southampton, involving a circuit of ninety miles. The Great Western had obtained permission to make a line from Oxford to Rugby, but that route would be 19 miles longer than the Manchester and Southampton, besides a break of gauge at Rugby ; but if an intermediate gauge was laid down then There would be a break of gauge either at Oxford or Bwengstoke. Another line, from Birmingham to the north of. Banbury, passed this session, reduced the distance front SS to 14 miles. After referring to the local distribution of the shares of the company, to the importance of Southamp ton as the southern outlet to southern Europe, and. in fact, to the whole world, to the expression of feeling in favour of the line by the inhabitants of the towns it was to traverse (a petition from Manchester in favour of it having been signed by persons representing one-fourth of the entire as sessment of the town) he concluded by calling on the Com mittee to pass the preamble of the Bill. He then objected to the appearance of the Great Western on the ground that the line only passed under that line; that theyonly in terfered with a small strip of land, and not with the works or property of the Great Western. They held a statutory title to the land, but then they had obtained it for the purpose of a railway, and that gave them no authority to come there in the guize of landowners to delay the investigation, and to put them to unnecessary expense. Mr. TALBOT replied, and held that the Great Western had an undoubted right to appear in opposition. Mr. Sergeant WRANGILA3I was heard in reply, and the room was cleared. On the re-admission of parties, The CetAitutAN said, the Committee had considered the point raised, and had come unanimously to the opinion that the Great Western Company sbould be heard on the point, but only so far as their interests might be affected by the crossing of the proposed line below the Great eVestern at Swindon, and with respect to any damage likely to result from such crossing. e The Chairman added, that this would not touch upon the right of other landowners to appear there against the project. Witnesses were then called. Mr. W. C. Somers, an extensive ironmonger at Millbrook, immediately adjacent to Sonthamptou, detailed the advan tages which the line would confer on him individually, in extending his trade and preventing delay in the transmission of the goods he u'ed and sold. Mr. Edwards, collector of the port of Southampton, was examined at great length and cross-examined. His evidence generally went to show that the salvation of Southampton depended on the construction of the line, that it would be 14 1 e miles shorter than any authorised route, would obviate the necessary breaks of gauge in other lines, and would, in short, create a considerable traffic. Goods landed at South ampton might be warehoused in Manchester within 24 hours. The imports would be materially increased from all parts of the world. The existing route to the north, as compared With the Manchester and Southampton was, as 282 to 212, thus effecting a saving of 70 miles. The CHAIRMAN said, he imagined it would not be con- . tended on the other side that this line would not increase the traffic. What they contended was, that the advantages it proposed to afford could be obtained by other lines running north and south. There could be no question that a direct communication with the north would be advantageous. Mr. TALBOT had no hesitation in admitting that a direct line to Manchester was required; but then the question arose whether there was traffic enough to 'justify the construction of a new line eighty-eight miles in length. Mr. JAMES said if that was the ground of his Learned Friend's opposition, the promoters would be compelled to enter into detail as to the traffic. The witness having given further evidence in favour of the line, Mr. Sturge, corn merchant of Gloucester, Mr. George, general merchant, Mousey, and Mr. S. Payne, dealer in earthenware and glass at Southampton, all gave evidence in favour of the line. The last witness said lie had some goods forwarded from Staffordshire on the 27th of October, which reached Bristol on the 21st of November, but they did not reach Southampton until the 27th of November following. He paid 7001. per annum now for carriage, half of which he considered he should save by the proposed line.--.Adjou:ned till to-morrow. PILBROW'S ATMOSPHERIC RAIL WAY AND CANAL PROPULSION COMPANY. An adjourned general meeting of the proprietors in this Company took place yesterday at the London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving a report of a committee, appointed at a former meeting; J. Jones, Esq., in the chair. The state of the affairs of this Company is most unsatisfactory. It appeared from a report, which they reuse to publish at the present time, that the officials of the Company have been guilty of frauds in issuing an immense number of shares without having been so authorised to do by the uhvxtors. A Mr. Collins, a former secretary of the Company, is charged with having sold between eight and nine thousand shares for his own immediate benefit, he never having placed the sum received in lieu of the shares to the credit of the Company. It appeared also that a cheque for 500/. was given to a Captain Britten for "rigging" the market. The directors paid themselves ten guineas a day for their attendance, which money they have since returned. The directors allege that the frauds have arisen in consequence of their misplaced confidence In their officials. Shares have been issued without the names of the holders being filled up ; and it is asserted that they were offered for sale at anv price the pur chaser might fix upon at Mr. Larnond's, the sharebrolier. The Earl of Beaborough and the Earl of Essex being among the directors, have offered 1,0001. each to assist the share holders. The report was adopted, and the meeting adjourned to that day three weeks for the purpose of a communication being opened between the directors and the shareholders, with the view to a final and amicable adjustment of the affairs of the Company. It appears that the Company was not registered, as it Abould have been under the Joint-stock Act ; and that even all the shares recognised by the directors were issued and paid upon before the registration took place. The affairs of the Company present one mass of inextricable confusion. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. BRISTOL, AUGUST 17. STOCK EICHANGE.-The sales are-Caledonian, 15A -Ditto, sew, 11. 6s. 3d.-Great Western, Quarter Shares, 241.4-Manchester and Leeds Extension, 3 p.-North British, 14 p.-Ditto, New, 51i p.- Ditto, Carlisle Extension, 4 1 ,4 -South-Eastern and Dover, New (iss. at 151.), 33i -South Wales, 3;0 MANCHESTER, AUGUST 17. STOCK EICOImoK.-The sales are-Amber ate Nottingham, 13-16 dis. -Blackburn, Chorley, and I : iv a e n r d p g o,l, ' and rrestm. 854 p.-Boston, Stamford, Birmingham, Its. (Its -Churnet and Blythe, dis. .Eastern Counties, York Extension, 1 13 , 16 p.•-East Lancashire, 9% p.-East 1 ,4 dis.- Great County Down, 21s. 6d. dis.-Great Eastarn e° dis.-Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 1% dis.-Great Grimsb} el a te n r d n' 28s. Extension, 134 dis.-Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal, N p.-Ditto, Extension, % p.-Leeds and Thirsk, 3 dis.-Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, 5 p.-Leicester . -to n i3 d o e. #ord, dis.-Liverpool, Ormsktrk, , ind Preston, e. p Manchester, and Birmingham, Quarter Shares (A), 10% p.-Londonn' and York, ki dia.-Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, 1 1 4 c.-hest. cheater and 6outhampton, % dis -North Eastern, 1 1 4 013.-North Staffordshire, 334 p.-Oldham, Birkenhead, &c., 225. c. dis.-Shef field, Leek, and Crewe, % dis.-Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction ' 3.16 dis. -Ditto, Extension, 34 dis.-Sheffield and Mancheste r , Quarters, No. 1, 4 p.-Ditto, No. 3, %c. p. Shrewsbury and ?Sir= iningharn, C. -Shro ,, shire Union, 125. dis.- South-Eagern and Dover, Halves, No. 4, 13-16 p.-South Staffordshire Junction, 3.16 p.-Trent Valley Midland, &c., par-West Riding Union, 3 3-1 G p. LEEDS, Auousr 17. STOcit E "lc la A. NG E.-The sales are-Blackburn and Preston, 844 p.-Eastern Counties, York Extension, 375. p. -East Lancashire, nis.6 c. , pd. -Leeds 9 p.-Greu j a i r t l o, S E h x et t l u ie n l s d io , Manchester, 2 , 54 43 p.-Leeds and Dewsbury, 454 p. D' tto, Branches, , 2 p.--Ditto, Extensions, dis.-Leeds and ildralc, dis .-Ditto, New, 3 1 4 dis. -Manchester and Leeds, Extensions, 2/. 16s. p.-Newcastle and Darlington Junction, Extensions, 101. 85. 9d. p.-North British, Car lisle Branch, 595. p.-York and North Midland, East and West Ttlding, 12% p.- Grand Union , 12s. Gd. dis.-Great Eastern and Western, 1% dis.-Lancashire, Yorkshire, and North-Eastern, 275. dis.-Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 17s. 6d. dis.-Leicester and Bedford, 10s. dis.-Liverpool, Orrnakirk, and Preston, 31. Bs. p.- London and York, 7s. dis.-Malton and Drifileld Junction, 10s. p. -Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 21s. s. p.-North Staffordshire, 3% p.-North Western, 6s. 6d. p.-Sheffield and Lin coln, 3s. 6d. dis. -Shropshire Union, 15s. dis.-Sonth Midland, 145. 6th... -West Ulding Union, 5/. Is. 6d. s.-York and Carlisle, 41s. • a and Glasgow Union, 38s. 6d. die. SHEFFIELD. AUGUST 17. spojekl. Attor..-The sales are-Grimsby and Sheffield, 1;i dis.-Ti I tension, X Ms.-Ditto, Quarter Shares, 9s. 6d. die. • . Lincoln Union and Canal, 19s. dlB.-Sheffield and 00 dirs. At>, fe ) .:•;?" hit N HULIi, AEl itsx 17. STocz EXCNANGE,--The sa'rest tre—illacthurn, Darwen, and Bol ton, 7%—Ditto, New, dia.- ,- .Fioston. IStamford, and Birmingham, Ils.—C helinsford acid Bury, q2s.--Jrastern Counties, York Exten sion, 24 —Glasgow and Bumf: bio T .by, r.t • des, ..)Is.—Great Eastern and Western, 21c—Hull and Leicester and Bedford, 10s. 6d. —Leicester and T6.mw0rt.7,1, 341.—Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Preston, 31 4 1)---North, British, Halves, 144 cash—Ditto, Carlisle Branch, 84s, 6d.—Y,orth Staffordshire, 334 p.—North Western, Bs. fid. p.— Sl , :rewsbr A ry and Birmingham, 3/. 3s. 9d.—South Midland, Iss. p.— ,Vest riding Union, 51. ss. W.—York and North Midland, East and Weft Riding, 13%—Yorkshlre and Glasgow Union, 10s. YORK, AUGUST 17. STOCK EXCIIANGE.—The sales are —Grand Union (Nottingham and Lynn), , U—Leicester and. Bedford, 10s. 6d. —Leicester, Tam worth, &c., 1/. 13s.—London and York, 2/. 4s.—Newcastle and Ber wick, 23% —North British, Half Shares, 14% —Ditto, Carlisle Ex tension, 4/. 3s.—North Western., 11. 12s.—South Midland, 2/. 13s. Gd. —West Riding Union, 5/. 2a.—York and Carlisle, s —York and North Midland (East and West Riding Extension), 13%. THE LATE DESTRUCTIVE HAIL- STORM. A public meeting was held yesterday, at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, for the purpose of devising the best means to alleviate the distress, and preserve from utter ruin the flo rists and nurserymen who have suffered so severely from the violence of the late storm. His Royal Highness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE took the chair, and said that he appeared before the meeting in consequence of an application that had been made to him from some gentlemen connected with the Horticultural So ciety to assist in relieving the gardeners and nurserymen of the metropolis and the suburbs who have been so severely visited by the late storms. He believed that all the gentlemen whom he had then the honour 10 address felt the same sympathy with hire self for those unfortunate individuals wbo were now experiencing the greatest calamity, which wae induced, not from any negli gence on their own parts, brit a visitation of Providence, over which, of course, they ceecild exercise no control.—(Heer.) He believed there , ias no more deserving or berth working class in the community than those whom they had assembled to assist. He could bear testimony to what he asserted from personal observation in his own neighbourhood. Those resident in the neighbourhood of Stockwell, Clapham, and Brixton, were the chief suf ferers, and ' l ,t 'appeared from the report of the South London Horticultural Society that the losses sustained by those eregaged in horticultural trade there amounted to no les; a !aim than 18,0001. He had the satisfaction to state the', the. room in which they were then assembled had been Divert them gratis for the present occasion, and an offer had been made by the proprietory of the Hall of Commerce of the lase of their establishment, either for a floricultural show or for any other purpose calculated to promote the object of the present meeting.— ( Hear, hear ) A subscription had also been commenced, and Dr. Leyden, who was unable to attend, had forwarded 101, 10s. Mr. Barclay, of Lombard•street, had also sent them 5/. 55., and he only hoped that they might have the satisfaction of being able, be a considerable degree, to ameliorate the distresses of those poor persons.—(Hear, hear, and cheering.) Mr. J. ALLNUT stated that 3,000 squares of glass had been broken in his conservatory, and proposed the following reso lution :—" That the severe losses which the nurserymen, florists, and gardeners in the neighbourhood of the metropolis have sustained, in consequence of the dreadful hail-storm en the let day of August instant, call for our warmest sympathy, and demand all our efforts to alleviate the distress occasioned thereby." Mr. ILWF said he would not detain the meeting, but second the resolution, in which he fully concurred. The resolution was then put from the chair and carried unanimously. Mr. COOK, of the firm of Trueman and Cook, proposed the next resolution—" That a public . subscription be now com menced, and a fund raised for the relief of the sufferers." Mr. SELDON seconded the resolution, which was passed unanimously. . . Mr. J.vistzs COOK, of Mincing-lane, was appointed trea surer, and Messrs. Barclay and Company, Coutts and Com pany, Cocks and; Biddulph, Jones, Loyd, and Company, and 'Young and Son, to receive subscriptions. Several subscriptions were then anne unced, among which were twenty guineas from the Duke of Cambridge; ten guineas from the Lord Mayor; Barclay and Co., live guineas. A committee was then appointed to carry out the objects of the meeting, and a vote of thanks having been passed to the Chairman, the meeting separated. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, August 17. The Earl of SHAFTESBURY took his seat on the Wool sack at Five o'clock. Messengers from the Commons brought up several Bills, praying their Lordships' concurrence. Lord FAVERSHAM presented a petition from the West Riding of Yorkshire, praying for the repeal of the Poor law Amendment ACt. LUNATIC ASYLUMS BILL. On the motion of the Marquis of CLANBICARDE, this Bill was read a first time. MAYNOOTH. Lord REDESDALE, in pursuance of the notice which he had given the other day,.with respect to this College, felt bound to make. a .few observations respecting it, and on the report of the visitors. Ile would remind their Lordships of the arguments made use of for the ad ditional grant to that institution. - That grant was very un popular with a large portion of the people, and one of the reasons by which their objections were met was, that in stead of an insuMeient visitation, there would be a complete inquiry into the whole of the proceedings of the esta blishment ; but he was sorry to say that the report of the last visitation was most meagre and unsatis factory, and very contradictory in itself, This report stated, that on the visitors calling for the number of residents, they found 19 superiors and professors, 522 students, one professor absent on leave, and 10 students absent from sickness ; but he found from the books of the College that there were only 512 students on the books, instead of 522, and only eight on the sick list instead of ten, as stated in the report. Now with respect to the professors, there was a grant of 6,0001. additional, but only 4,5001. had been used, allowing a very sufficient margin for any contingency ; yet nothing whatever was said of the absent professor, who or what he was. Then with regard to the students, it ap pears that there were 262 in the first class, and 241 in the second. With respect to the first class, there was an allowance of 201., of which nothing whatever was said. The same was the case with regard to the Dun boyne students. It was also stated, that the number of these students had been increased from fourteen to twenty. Why, the number of this class was almays twenty, and was so stated in the Act of Parliament. Then, with regard to accommodation, it appeared that that there were 552, with a room each to themselves. There were twenty-nine apartments where there were three in a room, twenty-nine where were four, and one where there were six. And, considering the early age at which these students are admitted—sixteen or seven• teen years of age—it did not seem to be so objection able to put several into a room as it would have been if they were older. It appeared, also, that 200 of the free students had been taken off from their own expenses. In fact, the whole of the report was meagre in the ex treme. The visitors appear to have passed through the rooms, and that was all, but as for any care for an improvement in the state of education, that was a matter entirely overlooked; and unless some measures ware taken for acting up to the principle for which the grant had been made, the country would te very dissatis fied with the grant which they had authorised. He did not think a six hours' visitation was snflicient for such an institution as the present. The Marquis of LANSDOW.NE said, that in the absence of the two Noble Lords who were appointed as visitors to the institution, he could not pretend to reconcile the discrepancies pointed out by the Noble Lord. He thought that it was very probable that the attention of the Government of Ireland and of the visitors would be called more closely to the subject, in consequence of the observations of the Noble Lord. He was happy to see, by a statement in the re port—which his Noble Friend had overlooked—that a great improvement had taken place in the course of edu cation, and that a more liberal system of education had taken the place of the former one. Lord STRANGFOItD pointed out some further dis crepancies in the report. After a few words from the Marquis of LANSDOWNE and Lord REDEsDALE, the subj -et dropped. SIIANNON NAVIGATION BILL. The Marquis of CLANRICARDE said that he did nct think it desirable to proceed further with this Bill during the present session. The Bill was accordingly withdrawn. The Bishop of OXFORD presented a petition from the magistrates of Oxford, complaining of the establish ment of beer shops, affording reiuges to the worst of characters. AUSTRALIAN LAND BILL. The Australian Land Bill then went through Com mittee and the report was brought up. THE SUGAR DUTIES. This• Bill was read a third time and passed. The Court of Common Pleas Bill, the Militia Pay Bill, and the Assessed Taxes Bill, were then read a third time and passed. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE laid on the table certain papers and returns connected with the distress lately existing in Ireland. Their-Lordships then adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS, August 17; APPOINTMENT OF MR. THOMAS GORDON. no L on itiorEddG.oßn of EN yesterday)TlNCii(in continuation from our After said—lt was a disgrace to the have therefore,such gentlewmhaen rrnoilligaisstrtiatettol themselves. vrejf Lancashire r e wished, to ther this Mr. Gordon, o the Noble Lord at the f h L e a a n d who bad, a few of f h t i h re e , Government t h e franded the Excise. years ago, been convicted of having de ll Gordon, who Lord had correctly stated that roll Lord J. RUSSELL sari that he believed the Noble had recently been placed upon the of Lancashire person who had been convicted, in 1831, of a fraud on the magistrates by the Chancellor of the Duchy was the Excise. But Lord Campbell, the present Chancellor of Lancaster, finding that such a person had been ap pointed to the commission of the peace, had a corre spondence on the subject, which he (Lord J. Russell) had not yet seen, but of which that Noble Lord had communicated to him the result. Lord Campbell stated Ora Mr. Gordon had been placed upon fie commission of the peace without any solici mites of his own ; and he (Lord Campbell), therefore, thought that it would not be right to inflict upon him the stigma of removing him itnmt diately f rom th e commis sion of the peace, because it might then seem to him that he had been nominated to the magistracy merely - for the purpose of disgracing him. It was, therefore, suggested to Mr. Gordon that he should not attempt to qualify himself as a magistrate. He (Lord John Russell) had not, as be had already stated, seen the correspondence ; but when he had seen it he would make a further statement to the House as to what was intended to be done on this subject. Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET detailed the cir cumstances connected with the appoiatment of Mr. Gordon to the magisterial bench. An error had certainly been committed in the selection of Mr. Gordon, but he could assure the House that that selection was not prompted by an impure motive. A deputation of gentlemen originally waited upon him before the selection, representing that, in coaseqeence of deaths, failures, &c., the magistrates of Lancashire had become inadequate in point of number to the perform ance of their duties; they presented a list of such gentle men as they considered fit to be appointed to the magistracy, and amongst those was the name of Mr. Gordon. Now, it had always been his custom, whilst Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, to inquire into the character of such us he nominated to the magis tracy, but, owing to an accident, he had not been able, in this instance to institute an inquiry into the cir cumstances and character of Mc. Gordon. It had been . represented to him that Mr. Gordon had for many years occupied a very high and re spectable position in the neighbourhood in which he resided. In consequence, however, of a communication from one of the Honourable Members for Manchester, he made full inquiries into the character of Mr. Gordon, and the re sult was a series of communications between himself, Mr. Gordon, and other individuals. To ascer tain the truth of the charge as to the alleged fraud on the Excise, he (Lord G. Somerset) wrote to the Excise officers, and was fully informed of the suit that had been commenced against Mr. Gordon a few years ago, for having forged a Government stamp and defrauded the Excise. The inquiry into the charges against Mr. Gordon were in progress when ho (Lord Granville Somerset) tendered to her Ma lesty his seals of office, and he considered that the Noble Letd (Lord Campbell), who bad succeeded him in office, would act on this subject in a manner that would be satisractory to all parties. That was the explanation which he had to make. He could essure them that it had Ipen re pr,sented to him that Mr. Gordon was a gentlemAn of the highest resretability, and he (Lord Granville Somerset) did not in this matter consider himself to have been guilty of anything more than an error, of which any person might in similar circumstances have been guilty. The House having resolved itself into Committee on the Public Works (Ireland) Bill, DISTRESS IN IRELAND. • Lord JOHN RUSSELL rose, and said that he took that opportunity of calling the attention of the House to the present state of distress in Ireland, and in doing so he should consider it his duty to refer to what had been done at the end of last year, and during the spring of this year by the former Government on the subject of the failure of the patoto crop, and whatever sorrow he might feel in having to bring the sub ject of the present state of the potato crop in Ire land before the House, yet he should endeavour in doing so to avoid any discussion which might give rise to any party division or excite any controversy on the subject. The Committee would recollect that towards the end of thelast year considerable alarm was felt with regard to the state of the potato crop in Ireland and some parts of Scotland. He thought that it was unnecessary to state that that arose from the unforeseen failure, to a very great degree—and to a greater degree than on usual occasions—in the harvest of a country or appre hended scarcity. And ha would state three circum stances which he thought were calculated to inspire the Government and the public at large with very considerable apprehension upon that subject. And one of those circumstances was, that potatoes being one of the chief and the lowest kind of food, the failure in the crop of potatoes, which was the chief article of nourishment of the great mass of the people, there was no kind of food of a cheaper or lower description to which the population could have resorted for support. Such was the distinction between a country, the popula tion of which chiefly fed upon potatoes, and other countries, the population of which chiefly fed upon wheat, a higher description of food. Another circumstance which was to be ob served was, that the disease in the potatoes was to a great degree unknown; none could tell to what extent it had - been carried, or how great the loss of the crop would eventually turn out to be If the crop were wheat or barley, failures would be seen in some six weeks or two months before harvest time, and a calculation could be made by which one might ascertain what was the amount of the deficiency in the quantity of the crop, and how much of that description of food might be required trom other countries for the supply of the people. The third cir cumstance which he would menti ,n was one which was connected with the others which he had stated, and that was, that a great proportion of the people of Ireland were in a state verging upon des.i tution in a state of very great poverty and suffering. That had been ascertained and stated repeatedly in statistics and documents which had been laid before Parliament. The report of the Commissioners on the poor-law inquiry—the report of the Land Commission, over which Lord Devon presided—the re port of the Commission on the census—all told them that the greater proportion of the people of Ireland lived in a state of extreme poverty ; that, in fecr, they did not re ceive wages which enabled them to pay for the food which they required. They received wages only during a portion of the year, and those of a very low amount, and during a considerable portion of the year they were fed upon potatoes of a very inferior kind. Those reports informed them that, in the first place, there was a great number of what were called con • acre farmers, who rented a plot of laud conjointly with others ; above them was another class, who, although they were called a higher class of farmers, were yet very little above those he had just named. There was also another and a lower class, who were maintained by the funds brought forward for the relief of the country. These three circumstances were calcu lated to induce the Government of this country to look with very considerable alarm at the prospect before them. He was not adverting then to any other measures which the Government thought it necessary to take. They took measures which, in his opinion, were directly applicable to these evils. The first measure they took. as he found by a minute cr letter of the Treasury of the 9th of December, was to order a quantity of Indian corn to be procured by the house of Baring and Co., in the ports of this country, or from foreign countries. With respect to this measure, it was to be observed that it was very wisely, and likewise, he might say, with great good for tune contrived that this for a long time was kept a secret both here and in Ireland. The arrival of that supply was not ' known at the time when it came. No expectations were held out, and therefore none were raised by its arrival, and it had much less injurious effects in disturbing the re gular trade of the country than it might have done if it had been expected. Another measure to which the Go vernment had recourse was to grant donations in aid of subscriptions. There were subscriptions collected in Ireland to a very large amount, and many of them from some of the very poor amongst the farmers. These subscriptions thus received amounted to the sum of 100,0001. Another measure which the Government took at the commencement of this session was, to pro pose that there should be public works prosecuted by certain powers, and the authorities of the Irish county sessions should be empowered to make such works, pro vided that one half of the expense of such works which might be advanced was to be repaid, and that the other half should be defrayed by grants from the Treasury. Another measure, which was proposed and carried in this HOUR', was, that by a general present ment the sums advanced for the purposes of these public works should all be repaid within the usual time. Now the amount, the general amount in money of all these measures, was stated in a book which had been presented to that House, and which was called " A Correspondence relative to the Measures of Relief of the Distress occa sioned by the Failure of the Potato Crop in Ireland." The first item in the book was for the purchase of Indian corn and oatmeal, of which the expense amounted to 185,432/.; the second was for sums issued in donations in aid, and was 67,9111.; the third was for works autho rised to be executed under the Act 9th Victoria, chap. 1, for the relief of distress in Ireland, and was to the extent of 452,7271.; the fourth item was a sum authorised to be advanced under the 9th Vic., and which amounted to 133,5361. The sth, 6th, and 7th items were smaller sums, which were empowered to be applied in cases of great emergency. These, with the amount taken by the Board of Works, altogether amounted to 852,481/., and the amount to be repaid of that was 494,851/. The sum which had been granted and expended without the ex pectation or intention of repayment was 337,630/. With regard to the evils which this large expense was intended to prevent, and with regard to the fund itself, there was a great deal of in formation which any Member of that House might find by reading the voluminous correspondence which had just been presented to the House. With regard to the evils in the country, it would be found, as might have been expected from what he had already said, that the amount of the evil was differently calculated at different times, and in fact had not been as yet completely ascertained. In the first accounts they could find it was stated that if they took the four provinces of Ireland the deterioration of the potato crop was about one-fourth. It was afterwards said by Colonel M Gregor that it was estimated at about one-eighth, and it was subsequently stated by other authorities that it amounted to one-half of fromi wellthe reports, believe, was, and that whicthhe the whole crop. Th ese sort o f matters it was, of course, difficult to asc e rt a i n , b u t w h at h e t h ought rwase was aaslrae veryad y ascer tained great failure in the potato crop, an d i t was extremely destruc tive to the crop in 1845. The disease was not one pecu liar to Ireland or Scotland last year—it was a disease known in various parts of the continent of Europe and elsewhere, and in various parts of America. lie had before him the first statements made in 1845 by direction of the colonists of the United States, and also other statements made in answer to the orders of the authorities here, from which it appeared to be a disease known for some years in America ; it was called the " rust." It first appeared in 1835, and in consequence of it a considerable portion of the potato crop was lost ; and in 1845 it became of a more virulent and destructive nature than was ever known before. Thus far it was ascertained that with respect to the measures which were then taken, and of which he had been speaking, their effect in Ireland had been exceedingly beneficial. They were confirmed in that belief from the various ac• counts of the effect produced by the different mea sures to which he hal alluded, and which showed that places where the people were entirely deprived of food and employment, employment and food were afforded, and in other places where the people were almost driven to desperation, and in a state prepared for an outbreak—where there was danger to the tran quillity of the country, and a feeling of discontent—that feeling was changed into one of satisfaction and pleasure. One of the letters to which he had alluded, was a letter from Mr. Russell with regard to the state of the county of Clare ; he stated that with regard to that - county there were a greater number of persons employed than any other county in Ireland—that the operations of the Board of Works, considering the materials on which they had to operate, were progressing satisfactorily, and that not a single' case of starvation had occurred in the county; and, in fact, that the people were never so well provided foras they were this season. There were very few cases of fever—fewer, in fact, than had been known for many years. That in formation was obtained from the Roman Catholic clergy men. The next letter was an abstract return of the number of persons employed by the Board of Works, and that number amounted to no less than 102,135. With regard to that which be had first mentioned—the measures of Government for providing Indian corn—that measure seemed to have affored very considerable relief. But it was to be observed that these measures of Go vernment, providing additional food, were doubly bene ficial in their effects. The care would have been very serious in Ireland had not these measures been taken, and had there not been food provided which could be sold at a very reasonable rate. It had been sold in various places, as the papers would show, at 101. per ton, and by retail at a penny per pound. One pound of this Indian corn was sufficient food for a strong labouring man for a day. So that Id. per day would provide enough sustenance for a day. With respect to the donations, they did bring out a very large amount of subscriptions. He alluded to those made by all classes of persons in Ire land to be applied to the relief of the distress. Of course, he would not enter on the invidious question of whether there were individuals who ought to have contributed who had not done so ; but he must say, that from the accounts which had been received he found that every person who was able had contributed to these subscriptions. With regard to persons of large property, who undertook works for the employment of the people, and which they managed out of their own resources, and of which, of course, no account had been received, or could be given to the public, al though they materially contributed to the relief of the people—with regard to these works, and the sums ad vanced in cases of great emergency, there had been, as he had just shown, the greatest relief afford e d by th e m ; but it was impossible for any Government or Legis lature endeavouring to meet these alarming cases of distress, taking for the period of the year from December to the coming in of the harvest in August, and the employment of the people on that harvest — it was impossible to preserve them, as they had been preserved, from any deficiency ef food afford to them due employment and preserve the peace of the country and at the same time afford that satisfaction which must be afforded from the knowledge that the Government of the Legislature of the United Kingdom hid been so far from indifferent to their sufferings, that it had been eager to supply their necessities—it was impossible to produce these great results without some N cry serious concomitant evils.—(llear, hear.) In the first place, with respect to the supply of Indian corn in the emergency which he had alluded to, and in the cases which they had before them, it was prudent, and it also was best suited to that emergency ; but if it were to be considered as establishing a principle for the Government of this country to apply the resources of the Treasury for the Purchase of food in foreign countries, and that food were afterwards to be sold by retail at a low rate, it was evident that all trade would be disturbed, and those supplies which should be naturally a portion of the commerce of this country, would be applied for the relief of the people of Ireland. —(Cheers.) Likewise that portion of the local trade in Ireland which referred to the supply of districts would be injured, and the Government would find itself charged with that duty most impossible to perform adequately, to supply with food a whole people; so likewise with regard to public works for which ad vances and grants were made. Although they were in themselves beneficial, yet their effects were in a certain degree injurious, for those people who were employed in ordinary works, and received abundant pay, went to these public works in preference to the others, and thus the ordinary operations of industry were disturbed.—(Hear, hear, from Lord G. Bentinck.) In a letter from Col. Jones, in page 333, he says—" That from a partial inspection of some works in the progress of construction, it was found that they had been put a stop to, and that some of the great public works for the Shannon drainage were without workmen, and that those men obtaining Is. 6d. per day at these private works preferred 9d. on public works. In many instances, a number et persons were tent to those works who ought not to have been sent at all, by gentlemen distributing tickets without proper inquiry, end the consequence was, that those, who httherto had been accustomed to come to England and Scotland to assist in taking in the harvest, found that work in Ire land for them at their very doors, sufficient to provide for their maintenance. They abandoned all idea of the harvest in England and Scotland, and the harvest operations in the north of England suffered materially, in consequence of this, and a great deal of the food of the country was lost from there not being sufficient men to get it in. Lady Symonds had remarked upon this fact in a letter to Mr. Trevellian ; this was one of the injurious consequences inevitable from the large employment given on public works. The accounts which the Government nere daily re ceiving from the south of Ireland, and various other counties, all concur in representing the disease as far more fearful than in the preceding year. The accounts contained in the newspapers from vat ious correspondents are also of the same alarming nature. It had, there fore, become the duty of the GOvernment to consider in what manner they should propose to Parliament to make provision for some employment to the labouring classes of Ireland, and at the same time leaving, as he trusted Parliament would leave, such a discretion in the hands of the Government as any emergency might render necessary in their opinion, and giving an account of those measures to Parliament at a future time. It had appeared to the Government that while there should be public works, and those public works should be undertaken under due control, that they should not defray the cost of those works from any Parliamentary grant, but that they should be defrayed from a loan to be repaid by the counties. He would, therefore, propose to introduce a Bill by which the Lord-Lieutenant should have power, upon representation made to him, to summon a barony session, or a county session, for works of relief. When this session should be assemtled they would be empowered and required to order such public winks as might be necessary for the employment of the people and for relief : the choice of those works to be lett to them, and the execution of the works to be superintend, d by the officers of the Board of Works. The choice of the works will not, however, be left so entirely to them, as that the approbation of the Government shall not first be requi site and necessary before such works can be com menced. It was proposed in the Bill that advances should be made from the Treasury for the purposes of such works when so approved, and those ad vances were to be repaid i n t on y ears , an d should be at an interest of not less than three and a-half per cent. With reference to the mode of repay ment of these advances, the levy will not be made ac cording to the valuation of the county sessions, but ac cording to the poor rates' assessment ; and by that means the burden would not fall so heavily on the poorer classes.—(Cheers.) In very poor dstricts, however, this system would not be practicable, and he proposed that a grant of 50,000/ : should be taken for the purpose of giving employment in such districts, the works to be undertaken by the Government; but those works must be works which are of public utility, and this grantwould not be applicable to any district except such as were not able to undertake the expense of such works. This was not an unusual mode ; there was a case men tioned in the papers which lay upon the table of the House of a precisely similar nature, and in which a larger amount was given by Government than was uoial on occasions of public works. The Act of 1 Victoria, sec. 21, contained similar provisions. He also proposed that commissariat officers should be stationed in various parts of Ireland corresponding with the Chief Commissariat officer in Dublin, and informing him from time to time as to the state and supply of food in various parts of the country, and generally with reference to the distress of the country. With reference to the supply of food, the Government did not propose to interfere with the re gular trade by which Indian corn and other grain food could be brought into that country. He proposed to leave the trade as much at liberty as possible. He believed that the markets would be best supplied without the interference of Government. There might be particular cases in which, as in 1836 or in 1839, a supply of food was necesary to be introduced by the Go vernment ; and circumstrnces might also a; ise from the inaccessible nature of the country in which it would not be possible for the merchants to introduce that article. In such places commissariat officers will be appointed to furnish the supplies of food. He did not propose t , interfere either with the wholesale or retail trade.—(Cheers.) With reference to the relief commit mittee the Government would take care to avoid those errors into which the late Government had fallen, and guided by the experience they had received, ho hoped to be able to meet effectively the serious distress of the country, and he hoped to avoid those evils which had arisen from members of the relief committee giving tickets to persons who did not require such relief. The officers to be employed would be the com missariat officers, and any others whom it might be found necessary to employ would be also paid by the Government. In stating this, he was bound to state that the correspondence which had been laid upon the table of the House, and everything which he had heard from private sources, showed that there never was a work undertaken with more zeal and intelligence than the re lief of the distress of the people of that country last year. All the persons employed by the .Government, wheth er E you spoke of Sir J. Bryan, the chief officer of the com missariat, or Colonel Jones and the officers of the Board of Works, or the local persons employed, or, generally speaking, the members of the relief commit tee, all evinced the ut m ost desire. to give nil th e i r ti me t and o en a d tt e e a n y t o io u n r, t a o s t hmeurcehlieafs possible, of the cxt t i o n 1. distress, and a l so a ff ird every light to Gover nmen t, by w hi c h this relief !night be carried on in an efficient manner. Having said this, he should propose to the Committee, first, to vote a sum of m o n e y to defray the expenses lately incurred —to direct further advances from the Exchequer—and , lastly , to votea grant of 50,000!. f or t h e prousotion of public works in Ireland, in those poorer districts to which he had alluded. He considered that the present was a special case, calling fur prompt attention.—(flear, hear.)therefore, think it in cu mbent upon the G ov e rnment He did, and upon the Parliament to take extraordinary measures for the relief of that distress, and he trusted that there would be at least one counterbalancing advanta g e attend ing this distress—that it would show the poorest among the people of Ireland that the Government. of this country were not insensible to the claims which they had upon us as th e P ar liament of the United King dom—(Cheers)—and show that the whole credit and means of the people of this country should be used, as it was their bounden duty to use them, and as they would be used where they can to avert famine, and to maintain the people of that country, and, lastly, to take advantage of this state of unfortunate dis ease to establish p u bli c wo rks which might hereafter be of permanent utility to the country; he hoped, therefore, that some counterbal an cing advantages might arise among those many misfortunes which must attend this state a thing's, He need not detain the Committee any longer. He could assure the Committee and the House that he considered that his predecessors in office had shown a laudable anxiety to meet those evils. The remedies which they applied were remedies suited to the occasion, and he would endeavour to imitate the spirit in which they acted, and take advantage of the .expe rience which they had gained, and also endeavour to correct those errors which were certain to attend so unusual a state of things. He should, therefore, conclude by moving that a grant of 175,000/. should be voted for the payment of Exchequer-bills, and also that a further sum of 50,0001. should be voted to defray the expense of pubic works in the poor districts of Ireland. In answer to a question put by Mr. HU ME, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that it was not the intention of the Government to import any food into the country ; and read two letters which he had received from merchants upon the subject, in which it was hoped the Government would not interfere with the operations of commerce, and that the supply of Ire land might now be safely left to the merchants, and that if it were so, they would be able to sell India corn at the rate of Id. per pound. Mr. D. BROWNE thought that the speech of the Noble Lord at the head of the Government was calm laced to inspire a feeling of confidence in the Govern ment. Ile had received a number of letters from the county which he had the honour to represent (Mayo) con taining the most fearful details t f the present condition and the future prospects of the people of that country. The speech of the Noble Lord was ominous of much good to the country, and he hoped that the people would inf,r that the intentions of the present Government were to advocate a system of generous policy for that coun try. The late Government had deserved great credit for the course they had taken last year when the distress was so great in the country. He trusted that the attention of the Government would be called to the necessity of doing something to put an end to the people of Ireland devoting themselves solely to agricultural pursuits, and that some inducements would be held out to them to consider manufactures. He thought the law of landlord and tenant in that country ought to be altered, and other improvements made, or a repeal of the union granted. Mr. WILLIAMS thought that the distresses of the people of Ireland should not be relieved by taxation on the people of England, but of the landlords of Ireland. He considered that a well-digested system of poor-laws in that country would be productive of great benefit. Mr. LABOUCHERE defended the proposal of the Noble Lord at the head of the Government, and stated that that proposal required the landlords of Ireland to bear the burdens of that country; but, in order that they might do so effectually, the Government offered them the aesistanee stated by his Noble Friend at the head of the Government. The state of Ireland at present was so extraordinary, that it required extraordinary measures to meet them. He believed that the course pursued by the late Government, in sending meal to Ireland, was, under tho circumstances, a most wise one. The Corn Bill was not then passed, and the trade in corn was not then free. ' The case was different now, and he believed it would be most unwise on the part of the Government to make themselves mer chants, and in 'that character supply the people with meal. It was impossible to see what was going on in Ireland now, and not come to the conclusion that it would be impolitic on the part of the Government to interfere with either the pro vision or the labour-market of a country. He trusted that by rendering it the interest as well as the duty of the landed proprietors of Ireland to employ the poor of that country they should have provided an effec• tive and wholesome remedy for the anticipated distress. Lord LINCOLN complained of the manner in which the Right Hon. Gentleman who had just addressed the House had alluded to the measures of the late Govern ment. Had they or the officers employed under them been guilty of such a derelictien of duty as that alleged by the Right Hon. Gentleman they would have deserved the condemnation rather then the praise of the Nohle Lord who had i itroduced this subject to the House. — (Hear.) But he was happy to say the charge was ground less, and he believed the conduct and policy of Sir R. Ralph was opposed by ever 3 body on both sides of the House. The Right Hon. Gentleman had stated that the grossest abthes had existed in the administration of the affairs of the Board of Works, but he could give the assertion the nest unqualified denial.—(Hear, hear.) He by no neans denied that abuses did exist, because it was im possible to prevent them, but they had not existed to one-fifth part of the extent alleged by the Right Hon. Gentleman. The Right Hon. Gentleman had said the effect of the measures of the late) Government was to demoralize the habits of the labouring population of Ireland. Well, if they had, all that he could say was, that the present Government was most unwisely follow ing the footsteps of their predecessors in office. He was glad, however, to see that no English Member had yet risen to object to what the Noble Lord had pro prosed.—(Hear, hear.) Not even the most rigorous economist of the public purse, the Hon. Member for Coventry, had objected to it, and he was glad of it, he cause it would go over to the sister country that no matter what Gosernment might be in power, the poor of that country would be as much cared for as the poor of England.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) Under the operation of the provisions adopted by the late Government a most beneficial trade had been created in Indian meal, a trade which was now likely to be permanent. But, though . this trade had been • created and fostered by the late Government, be did nut think that the present Government should continue to be traders in the sense the former one had been; and he fully agreed with the course that was now proposed to be taken. Under the circumstances, so satisfied was he with what the Noble Lord had stated, that he (Lord Lincoln) would not ask him any qeestions as to the details of the course he intended to pursue, hlt.., would rest satisfied with the exslanations he had given in his speech. He must, however, before sitting down, bear his testimony to what the Noble Lord had stated re specting the praiseworthy manner in which the officers employed under the Government had carried cut their arduous and difficult duties. No body of men could have acted in a more becoming manner, and he hoped they would be continued in any future effort to be made to meet the exigencies of the people of Ireland. Mr. LABOUCHERE explained that in the obsetva tions he had made, he did not for a moment intend to - impugn or underrate the policy and measures adopted by the late Government, but he only rose tc point out the danger and difficulties that surrounded the fol lowing out of such a policy beyond meeting the urgent necessities of the case under which they then acted. Mr. HENLEY sa'd that after the statement of the Right Hon. Gentleman the Chief Secretary for Ireland it was impossible to infer whether the measure now pro. posed was to be temporary or not. America had already for four years suffered from a failure in the potato crop, and the potato disease there had not yet disappeared. In Ireland the people had already suffered two years from the potato disease; there was no probability of that disease being yet extinguished ; and hewas afraid that in future years further relief would have to be sought on behalf of the people of that country by the British Government. This proposal would show the Irish people that the Government and people were more favourably disposed to them than they got credit for. He hoped that more permanent measures would be taken in the eneuires cession tor the relief of the Irish people. Sir D. NORREYS wished that the Legislature of this country would in future sessions bring forward such measures for the permanent relief of Ireland as would remove from the people of that country the necessity of coming to the British Legislature in the character of supplicants.—(Hear, hear.) Ireland had mines of the most extensive and valuable descript , on—it had rivers peculiarly adapted for commerce—and yet, in conse cpienee of the Legislature not looking to the subject of the improvement of Ireland in a proper light, all those natural resources of wealth and comfort were allowed to lie waste and useless.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. HUME said he was pleased to hear t'sat the land lords of Irelaud were prepared to provide for the neces sities of the people of that country as far as possible, by the encouragement of public works.—(Hear, hear.) The measures of relief hitherto granted to Ireland by the Government had most signally failed in their object. The Irish people were as wilting as Englishmen or Scotchmen to work, and he therefore would ask whence came the poverty of Ireland? It owed its origin to the misrule of that country.—(Hear, hear.) As long as England in flicted poverty on Ireland by their misgovernment and oppression, they had a right to pay for their tyranny and oppression. The Government was bound to assist the country gentlemen of Ireland in giving employment to the people. Let the present grand jury system, as well as all other pernicious civil institutions, be at once abolished, and then there would be hope for the people of Ireland. It would then arrive at the peaceable, happy, and contented condition of England , and Scotland. Let every law that was fit and applicable to Enelend be extended to Ireland, and then they would hear very little of " distress in Ireland."—(H , ar, hear.) Mr. M. MILNES said that all eleniosynary grants of this kind establisned very bad and corrupting principles. He perfectly concurred with the Hon. Member for Mon trose, that it was at once the duty of the English Legis lature to place Ireland on a footing similar to England and Scotland in respect of its laws. He believed that it the - landlords of Ireland were assisted by the Legislature in improving their estates, they would he conferring in caculable good upon the people of that country. The people of England were undoubtedly willing to make :;real sacrifices for the relief of their Irish brethren ; but they must, nevertheless, tell the landiords of Ireland that it was their duty to conduct themselves, towards their dependents, in the same manneras did the country gentlemen of England. The landlords of Ireland must retrench their luxuries, and devote themselves to the improvement of their country. Sir R. FERGUSON said he considered that they should make the electoral divisions of unions responsible for the sums recommended to be laid out in them. He thought this the only means of reguleeing the expendi tune of the money in a way to be apvantageous to 'the people. It would not be well to entrust its expenditure to the Poor-law Unions, on account of the difficulty of electing Guardians. The Board of iiVorks of Ireland had shown themselves utterly incompetent to properly' manage the works entrusted to them. IL, imagined they had done their best, and as a proof of this he must quote a passage from their report:—" Many works were co in e menced without necessity," and again that the sums they had paid for labour were inconsistent with the amount of labour which they had received in return.--(H ear .) He thought it was most un f a i r to make statements against the land e d p ropr i etors of Ireland, without.without.giving proper d a t a i n support of them The Noble Lord (Lord Li nco l n ) h a d made Use O f . twoanony mous statements, which he thought most unf a i r , unless those state men t s cou ld be fullyt substantiated. doubt h Mr. B ESCO IT h a d no d o the intentions both of th e p resen t an d t h e late Goye a .nment were for the futura prosp er ity o f Ireland, and the only question fir the House to consider was the manner in which those inter.Nons were proposed to be carried out.—(Hear.) Now, were there not ordinary means for n carryl' fr them without having re course to special enactments, which were unprecedented in the political history of the country?—(Hear, hear.) Did the Noble Lord ever hear, or could he point out an instance in the history of this or any other country, where restrictions were placed on the importation of provision in a time of famine or scarcity ?—(Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") He said this was a very serious matter. Suppose the Noble Lord the Member for Lynn were put into power, why, the first course be would take would be to rein state the old law on the importation of corn. There were still heavy duties on beans, peas, and rye—all important elements in food. Surely, he said, the Noble Lord at the head of the Government would not continue these duties at a time like the present—a time of starvation. Sup pose a hundred persons should die of starvation during the recess, what, he asked, would the House, what would the public, say of the Noble Lord and the Go vernment ? They would immediately ask why they had not removed those duties from the statute book. The distress was not confined to Ire land. 'He had had a communication that morning—he would not trouble the House with it—but the potato crop, according to that letter, had failed in various quarters. What, then, would he said if the people of England were pressed to the verge of starvation, it not to starvation entirely ? The late Secretary for Ireland, nhen he moved to introduce iiii Indian meal into Ireland was in these circuinstaecea —it was prohibited altogether ; and the Honourable Member for Wolverhampton the other night was in the same absurdity as the Right Hon. Baronet pointed out before, when he remarked that Indian meal was at the same duty as barley ; but that being removed peas were in the Lame absurdity. He hoped the Noble Lord would not continue that state of things, especially during a time of starvation. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCLIEQUER said, it was with the greatest satisfaction that he had heard the speech of the Hon. Gentleman opposite, and particularly that of the Hon:Member for Mallow. It was satisfactory to the Government to hear that it was the intention of the Irish landlords to co-operate heartily with the- Go. vernment in the promotion of public works in Ireland. The present Government were much indebted to the wisdom of the late Government, for the present mea sure. The late Government had had the experience of eight or ten months in providing for the distress in Ire land, and it would be absurd to say that in the course of that time they did not propound measures of great improvement, which must naturally have suggested themselves to those officers whom the Government had appointed to make a full inquiry into the condition of Ireland; and if there were any excellence in the present measure, it, was owing in a great degree to the praiseworthy exertions and wisdom of the late Government. He could not agree with the Honourable Member be hind hm, that the measures of the late Government for the relief of Ireland, had turned out to be failures.— (Hear, hear.) By the evidence in the blue book which then lay on the table of the House, it was proved that had it not been f r those vry measures the people of Ireland would have been subjected to the greatest distress.—(Hear,. hear.) He did not hesitate to say that in many parts of the country the existence of the people was owing to the measures of the Government—(Hear, hear,)—and not only was the existence but the peace of those people to be attributed to the same praiseworthy exertions. — (Hear, hear.) And with regard to the food which had been introduced into that country by the Government, he believed it had caused a new state of things in that country, If Honourable Gentlemen read the public papers, they would find that, in consequence o' the Indian corn that was continuously being poured into the country, the country had received art incalculable amount of good. Indian cern was cheaper and more nutritious food than potatoes; it was much cheaper than oats, and he confessed that be was sanguine in the ex pectation that the substitution of Indian core for potatoes would produce a complete revolution in the social con dition of the people of Ireland.—',Hear, hear.) The Hon. Gentleman, who, was heard very indistinctly during the whole course of his address, then proceeded to say, that he should be extrt mely sorry if he antici pated that the measures of tne late Govarnment, and the measures proposed by the present Government, were intended to be permanently established in Ireland. Those measures, in a great degree, arose from the failure of the pnta'o crop, and the conse quent distress of the people. The state of things was temporary, and had been and must therefore be met by temporary measures. The Hon. Baronet opposite (Sir R. Ferguson) complained of the way in which the Board of Works was managed. The operations of that Beard in Ireland were in the course of last year greatly increased, and without any lengthy notice ; and were taken for the purpose of relieving the people of Ireland frctn the pressure of distress caused by the failure of the potato crop, to ensure the supply of food, and next the employment of the people, by putting into their pockets the wages of their labour. In this way the people of England had paid half the ex pense of these works. They were not, in all cases, works absolutely necessary at the time they were undertaken, but adopted as a commendable mode of relieving the people by employing them and by 'paying them in that way for their labour; and there was a distinct rosier issued by the Treasury, that the propose I works to be undertaken were not to be comineneed without the existence of distress, and not to be carried be yond that period. The works were, as he had said, undertaken hastily, when, in many cases it was utterly impossible to know their exact extent or cost, He trusted - that they might profit by the ex perience they had thus obtained if a similar necessity should arise. They were carried on under the superin tendence of officers appointed b the Board of Works, which was a guarant .e that they were under prop stirerintendence. The sole object of those toe-sores was to pat money into the hands of the di tresed, but if they put the directions of the works into the han s of private sur veyors and contractors, they would render their intentions in opperative. He did not think that relief cont.l be carried out upon an extended principle unless the local gentry would ac tively co-operate with them. They were most anxious to avoid introducing the machinery of the poor-law into the applica. ticn of these measures, as they wished to trea , it as a mere temporary emergency, nor did they wish to prejudice the question of a more extended and liberalised system of the poor-law to Ireland upon the principles of the English par law. And the Government felt that if they did pursue such a course they .would have prejudiced that question which he hoped would soon come before the Hou,e for discusson. He must say, that those officers had conducted the operations under them in the mo,t efficient manner. He was quite cer tain, that in any future operations for the relief of the condi tion of the people of Ireland, these gentlemen would be found most invaluable assistants. While the Government was de sirous of finding beneficial employment for the Irish people, it was their desire that, in the main, the assistance to be given should come from the country itself, and th.. t the relief of the distress should not depend entirely upon what aid the Go vernment might be disposed to bestow. Mr. M. GORE approved of the measures Government were adopting towards Ireland, and strongly recommended them to pay some attention to the fizheries of that country. Let them continue to pursue a liberal policy, and the union would be come a blessing instead of a curse upon the sister ceuntry. The vote was then agreed to. . . . . Mr. ESCOTT, on the vote being put, said, as he had got no answer to his question, he begged to ask the Noble Lord to consider the fact whether he had ever read, in the history ot any country, of a tax upon food when the Government waa announcing famine? And he gave notice that he would in quire to-morrmv whether the Noble Lord was to continue the laws restricting the importation of corn during a time of famine. Lord JOHN RUSSELL said, he thought the Hon. Member had given sufficient answer to his own question. He had said, he 3U pposed the House considered the question settled. Now, if the Hon. Member supposed this, and if the ,House was also of opinion that the question was settled, he felt he ought not to interpose in any matter which was settled. The vote was then put, and agreed to. The other votes were agreed to, without remark, and the House resumed. The report was ordered to b brought up to-morrow. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE SPANISH COLONIES. On the order of the day for going into a Committee of Supply, Lord G. BENTINCK rose, and said, ho had to apologise to the Noble Lord for having returned from the country to trouble him on that occasion, and he sincerely sympathised with the Noble Lord toiling at that season of the year, and he cvasisoiry to increase his labour. But. he was sure he would be borne with by the Noble Lord, and the House, in calling the attention of her Majesty's Ministers to the trade between this country and the colonies—a motion of the greatest importance. It was a grievance of many years endurance, a matter on which the merchants of Liverpool had continually remonstrated sr twelve years. In 1835, they applied on the subject in vain, and in vain complained to the Duke of Wellington, then Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. They made frequent remonstrances to the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and after changing the Whig Government, from 1842 down to the present time, it had been a matter of repeated and eon tinu•il complaint with the merchants of this country that by the regulations of the Spanish Government—by the non reciprocity of that Government to the free c ompetition to which they had admitted their ships into the w h irl , of l this country, they had not lost the whole, but ve7 er colonies. He (Lord George Bentinc h k) part, of the carrying trade between this cih m o ri d t ro y m a a ti:t , t 3l t o t t e fs S e e p t l r i i sh emmaonsnfer apologiserw hi o c n h this he brought these matters be House—impertect as always was have to address the House. It was only within occasion for the more than usually imperfect manner in which he would it—but h e the last few days that his interposition had been requested by the merchants of Liverpool to endeavour, under the present circumstance, to make some new effort v. ith her Majesty's Government to exert themselves under the Spanish Government, to see that justice was done to B itisb interests. It would be wilt more than his usual imperfectness that he would address the House on this subject, because, in the short time since the request of the merchants of Liverpool, he had st n ho o eb t able He b e e of e ,u n soen, d rrß t hu o i te a hh o he through should h ro i j u u g g h h haveh t o h s those t p, rfe returnsfor rrtrhe edpurpose rhtconnectedphao;vsseesubject, oaTcb laid before t i i n ti g s t N h l i a m jes t t o y's lay M b in ,f i 3 st r e e rs th t w h e e ul a d tt b e e nt s i u o ffi n c o ie f a he fo r r to e -o Hotse t u he Pet'it infor mation which regarded former years, whilst he stated that there had been no change iu the circumstances co this carrying trade. H e wou ld b eg i n t h en by stating n ec , e d with te y House what the diff erence was i n t h e charges on geode t carriedo t in British ship s an d t h ose carr i ed in Spanish ships, and having pointed ou t t o th e H ouse the great d ff ,rence in the amount of duty, and to the restriction of the British carrying trade he would show to them what were the effects f that sys tem. He held in his hand a statement—it was owe that was laid before his Grace the Duke of Wellington eleven years ago, but it remained good up to the present time—it was a statement of the amount of duties that would be charged upon the merchandise and cargo sent from the port of Liverpool, and the goods that were sent from the ports of Spain. The value of the goods exported from the port of London was 19,075/. It consisted of 1,000 bales, valued at 150/. ; of 1,000 yards of cloth, valued, at that time, at 100/. ; of 1,000 yards of linen cloth, valued at that time at 100'. ; of 1,000 pieces of other fabric, valued at 800/.; and a quantity of other goods. Upon the vessel reaching the Havannah the diAinc live duti-s levied were 21i per cent. on goods imported in Spanish ships, and 3 * tier cent. ad twicrurn upon good,, landed from British ships. To make up the cargo 100 pieces of printed ca ico, valued at 5001., of 1,000 pieces cf other fabric, making a sum total cif 1,975/. The duties levied at the Havannah upon the goods imported in Spanish ships amounted to 582/. lei. 5d.; hut if they had been imported in British ships the duties that would have been charged would have amounted to 826/. Os. 651.; making the dif• ference no less than 243 /. Bs. 9d. u p on the same goods if im ported in a British instead art Spanish ship. This discrimina, two in dntios ilmtved anyther discrimination in tolls. which - were imposed at different parts of that country. The pore dues at the Havannah were five ryles a ton on British vessels; 12 ryles upon foreign vessels ; six ryles a day for every r U is tons of Spanish shipping, and 10 ryles a day on every 10 0 t t e, n a , of foreign shipping. The result of all these d uties wag, in it rendered it so much the more advantageous to export gr. `- that Spanish ships than in the ships of this count r y ; with whilst in Ina no such thing as a Spanish skip British goods was seen in the port of Liverpool, at the pt, moment s they were nut unfrequent. The difference et !„ 1 "; duties, as he said before, on the real value of British exported from this country, amounted to this, that it was 411. 6d. per cent. when exported in the ships of Great Br e it%, loaded went and 29/. Sc. 6d, when expelled in the ships of SP This grievance had endured for more than twelve 17173 America felt the grievance as well as England---( Spain had endeavoured to run her rigs" upon the etre: o 4 cans, but they were keen enough to resent the attemP t ; 1 , 0 o f within two months they introduced and carried a neea s f ieo o f restrictions equal to those placed by Spain on the suaed e e America. But, while Spain carried out these unfair.nusuio upon English ships, England had placed no diserint Hear, hea!ri.! duties whatever upon Spanish ships visiting her ports.o.lt,,ery true they paid a heavier pilotage, but upon their go us`" de , was no disitinction. In 1838 the following wasistioebo t . of Oared value of cargoes of various kinds, coos earthenware, glass, hardware, iron, coal, a ud , stir of unmanufactured goods of all kinds, compris' n6 oo o.• plies from all the manufacturing branches of to f tbe try. In 1838 the total declared value 4 ore goods exported to Cuba, was 462,9271. ; of this trar me riceo was carried by the ships of Great Britain 61,4871., by 7183 15, ships, 92,751/., and by the ships of Spain, 318,53 4 . Grea 6 of the declared value of the exports to Cuba, the shipajespoisb Britain tork 35,9171. ; American ships, 69,9031. ; an d ° b 03 60 ships, 265,106/. In 1841, the next return he had °,,"‘,036 0 the declared value had risen to 518.399!.. of which 0 . `,);, bf 0 40 1 ip Was carried by ships belonging to Great Britain. 4 - , t h American ships, and 428,264/. by Spanish ships ; - s lter fact, the ships of Spain carried 13 times the arneu u ",e FR' ships belonging to Great Britain. This was the effect J o g mating the ships of foreign countries on the same f°° o l o ll those belonging to Great Britain. He had obtained ne f ifer since 1841, but he knew what was going on at present sti ng foi pool. He learned that there were six Spanish ship! le s boll the Havannah there, and hut one British ship.—( Ile a / Jr, The British ship measured 176 tons; the six Spani er u' o ela' tons. This was the state of British commerce at Li ler r r b et he ee this moment, in consequence of the great advantages ei Spaniards had over the British trader. Now, he e l l er t be this was Ilia appropriate time to bring the subject ea 0 tila consideration of the Government, because they were °wale) eve of -making a great alteration in the sugar duties'esr e would increase the payment of this country to Spain % p ee! million per annum No deubt the greater part of the • ighlY „ would be paid in the goeds of thi.i country, and it ica s ta the ol important that Government should take this matter 4' o o o l serious consideration.—(Hear, hear.) He would r ee° o3it eu : her Majesty's Ministers to follow the examole 4 .f the [{igluStates. There was a new doctriee proposed by ° a la i V P Hon. Baronet, the Member for Tamworth—that it tra der' neath the dignity of this country, or rather of the freed olte, to haggle in commercial poky. He said he disagreasentia' that entirely. and thought that if it was vulgar, it vies ;1,06 to covenant with foreign countries for boons, before g' t to i t ' offered by this. It rrielit be :stated, ~a t e „ea that we ought C ° 03 i g tempt to bully foreign countries into a ss - t eettr o l concurrence with our owls views, but he e is for one, that they ought to look to the ieter o of Great Britain solely—( Hear, hear)—as lung of f l e i were consistent with the principles of honest,' a tio ba' e tice. His Noble Friend, above all men, would hav e E r ie . ,0 1 * right to insist upon speedy justice, because his Nob` s i s s i e s when in of in former times, never shrunk froth L o om upon the rights of England, however strongly, 9 1. „., deaV e , powerful the courts might be with which it haw,'n. ( Hear, hear. ) He feard not France, and he (Loy", cr:f tinck ) thought that the Noble Lord should have no li e T oot" pressing this matter upon the attention of the Gove r ,; (s sep „pain, and insist that forthwith Spain shall remove o gi criminating duties which were imposed Upon the shil ls spir o i in the carrying trade of the people of England to th e s bete colonies, and the practical effect of which would be (I:tel' theships of England from the carrying of sugar fronseeertest t o f land. If things remained as they now were, he f e ared o ut effect would be that those ships which were thrOn•i•ofyin,l4 the West India bade, and also out of the trade of 1 11311 ,r a l i cw: a rivalry in sugars brought from Spain and the Brazalteofor nisei, would find no employment to support their tra°l. cote eying sugar from the Havannah and Porto Rico to th h t 'd Pa" ( try. He thought, therefore, that on this subject l ' e f ijo s ee d no more than his duty, and be hoped be would be Ps'oilst the House for having trespassed upon its attention, „ j oila called that of her Majesty's Government to the g reat ass ea under which the shipping intetest of Great Britaitt labouring. eed bl eie Mr. AiILNER GIBSON said, the Noble Lord :1, to , • offered no apology to the thirsts fir calling its attent", Pao subject which he had now brought before their note . '' o r W o f subject of more importance to the shipping intetr,'_gessioo4 country could scarcely be brought under the consiae„t sbeL the House. The Noble Lord had correctly stated that t ti m e f Cubaa tariff prevailing at the presen Cuba, and that it bad existed there " _ h ips had ; and that by favouring the Mauritiusbe._3o/ir, had well nigh excluded the British ships from t „ trade connected with that island, both with refere;? t h to importation of manufactures with Cuba, and al B ut the bid rence to the exportation of produce from Cuba. , cent changes which had taken place in that tariff, I _ l . ber o ' had had effect since the Ist of March of the presernt , c - ott ritbl e ,is in some respects, made its operations more Iln t e e ' nde a to "e t . British a oerests, whilst in other respects it bade dues, t hec e d tigate its effects. With reference toe onn.ae g eee had 1 0 $ 0 , had been a change, but that change xp e t r a %f England pet a 0 had worked more favourably to the inteee: ed previous to t e lP, i n trg ; was antici iated, for the change was gcdifference betteel regulation with respset to the comee n S the tonnage as measured by the SPanairsi the Spaniard s t old by the laws of Great 13ritain whether they 11 , 1 , 1 - tiof them had the option given onnaee additional t 6 pay twenty-three per cent. with the S P Ib6 and as mi ase b r; or submit to be measured in accordance Spanish laws, had found that the tonnage dues e , io laws. Those who had submitted to the measurehmadn',l; favourably for British interests ; and so, though Ils?'"'bete there appeared a difference, thete was nothing in reall t i,b te a • mitigation of duties. The statement was not true 0 7. 0 ' ei spect to duties on goods imported in British and other e - b r itg: ships, but it was true with respect to the duties impos e duties' quarantine laws. In both these cases t h e diff, re ntial he eo , with respect to England and other toreign countries, had poke increased ; and in the case of the quarantine lawaj t i rspaa ny feet+ true, as stated by the Noble Lord, that th ou g h ships paid the same quarantine fee, British and ott e floor.,iott countries were required to pay twice as much.--( ifidecilife The Noble Lord c told not wonder that this apparent e d should have existed, on the part of Spain, to rentovketel'ause_l; rential duties on British ships and would be in the recollection of the House that, °PI 04,1" B r i t i s h g oodS, a ` erg recent occasion, when there was an endeavour, goalie sled Not rava er n o t t e e; Spain, to piece such a construction on the co between this country and Spain, as would have uentrY es goods of Spain to have been brought into this ce „. ai ined. s y goods of any other foreign country, the England id es sanction such an interpretation of the duty, and, i n n d a ll l o f distinct and emphatic manner, entirtly reputlia7 rue ttP r i c t that there existed anything to prevent reTP OO io a t ot intercourse such as trually took place het wren na t ' ° l7o a virasc o r amity with each other.— Hear.) That he tedie _ our any rate, the construction placed by Parliament eu aroo o t ` be nexion with Spain, on the recent question the, ogee, the respect to Spanish ra - es. Span de handed tha'iand a ll r' growth of her colonies, should be admitted into Eng lse r .• . 1 ; a same rate as t-e sugar of other fo eign tries• thit , fused to admit this claim. He did not mean to sap boa P a d land had conceded that claim, that Spain would / 1 ' 1 %0 45 ' old eluded from placing higher duties upon Vritish e t he eel) upon British ships, than upon her ow.) goods ine safety say, laid a more liberal and hirger construe beeeard, paced upon these treaties, it would have gone fa r !, 0 s o hie's . duces! Spain to have acted in a more kialy sPl'eeS tiG British commerce, and reduced the differential (in Atlan, a , affected British ships and British goods going in to il ls Oc ete llifi It was not for him to state what course In r ejestY i het h f e or & merit would take, but he took npon himself to saY r e a ble Y not think that it would be the one suggested by th e , elf namely, that of retaliation. h to After a few words from Mr. M. GORE, w hic impeefeetly heard in the gallery, • ea ' I V Lord PALMERSTON said that his Noble Eri e s *t o il bear in mind that the grimed Which any GovernipeT dar e take, in remonstrating against a fact of this kind* ”r2coe ° ,ite on the terms on which they were with respect to taa v e d SP o p There was no recip• °cal treaty between Engler-A reir which would entitle the English to demand that 08 1 f e e d, o f in Spanish ports should be placed upon an eq°,3001,,, with Spanish ones ; but her Majesty's Goverurne%o oPr s ble course, feel it their duty to take advantage of the ean i fa eoer f ee tunityof endeavouring to place Engli,h vessels on acted tile! • a footing as possible in Spanish ports. He objee si be if principle of retaliation laid down by the Noble Lord; o ult' h i e ls not think that it would likely to lead to any good r n - o n 4 :4 there were good grounds to think that the country ti,r d iee'ah.: the retaliation was to t , ke place would yield to it ang e e .,. to 6 4 then the prospect of ultimate good might induce th e r 7y te:itts mit to a temporary evil. He was, however, very ° Peed' ell that experience showed that such measures were att . e, be too no good result, and he thought that the object would better effected by peaceable measures. e o f retalietlia Mr. DISRAELI thought that the Pri ne 'P a The re t ,;as had not been well laid down by mien must depend on circumstances for rnot unintentioooo, Noble Lord had confounded —perhaps article of,:ooe —retaliation, or a •retaliatory duty on an .. c i e or or its success. Al mercial exchange, with a retaliatory duty on an arta edog y tha meree with another country. There was 'no goei r t he the Noble Lor . similarity between the two instances. In order 0 troll' gas port of the principle, he would refer to a rettto it , " 0 port of Havannah , date d Jul y 18, 1846, from eln „ o rt peared that the number of American ships i n that r ,be lss nearly five times that of the British sh ps, Duri n g litP ri e twelve years the United States hail been ! iirstsine s e e ms policy with regard to Spain ; and we, who p had been g' vl oon t , trl ; Spanish ships the same advantages th is He were now entirely excluded from the earrYing trad e ' are P.l 3 ' seueendviiinmEedn,gtitalantd,ifitthweopuridinieniptlheeof endtheabs United ships i n n ite n d i Seoitfya tes ter fit t i s h u g n h t t r .„ cr bet a . co A ni l m r. er l ( l 'e U f r.l 4 lE th y that the principle reta"au nan o. , i v rif t ioat one which ought, it at all applied. to be Havav enb i t ; tuer i n .- a pplied very a 0.4 Thit country did n o t ta k e thethe stuars of was not to he wond e r e d t h at t h ere s h ou ld be 00rf • vessels in that F p L or o t G th G an iN of li If s T IL FIENAr r x• rob er o ° Mr. WILLIAMS moved for a return of the 11 . ° „oli o corporal punishments inflicted on the crews serving e ll e ye, 3 ,; her Majesty's ship:., of war in 'commission, in each "i 0 0145, 1::334 to 1845. both inclusive ; also the number of 01egiatedi, to corporal punishment, and the number of lashes L ., P vibe ~,e each ship in each year; alio), the number of seallte7, of tit'of sorted from her Majesty's ships in commission in ef„, o o e t, years; also, the amount of prize-money, or tr0 1 " .. 7 0 eh 1_,.. petbhc money, received by each of the ordinarycommander' go'll captains, commanders, lieutenants, and able and , ct e,s_ o t men, who served in her Majesty's ships at Navarine, vr"ohlt, in China. In the pi esent state of the House, he ten t viiT b e press his motion to a division. He would be c °ll be ct ill cotret t l - eth meT n te similar return to that granted upon the same subject , gee army. Ad viral DUNDAS then laid upon the table 4 the some returns relative to the. subject. „ e be', TREAIY OF cn.tcow• „dal— ,ob Mr. HUME moved for copies of any tw en the Government of her Majesty and the G o t rie opo ta , Cracow, Russia, Prussia, or Auittria, relative to t the (feet., ment of a British consular agent at Cracow sin.es ~. floe% ration made by the Minister of Foreign Affairs tl ."' o ell o, of Commons, in the year 1:336, tif , 13 Cra e l t h tion of sending a c ,, t , su i to reside 3 ursu ea e l m He regretted the course which this country hail F_, l ,„ to t he reference to Cracow. He thought it cliscrech_ate"es or ' t) ", G tverninent of this count' , ; they were gu a,rau 5 4 , 10 u1d .0 liberties of the profile of C;acow, and those P ledge ;ep taken faithfully kept. Ho should be sorry to see "d r at be r e , a t which might endinger the peace of Eurore, but Ler ed ,, thought the su'iject should be explaitied by the 'l O ,, bor t l b the head of the Goveinment. He thoug.4t. the 9. _ ad , s:t'l_ .o ness of this country had allowed those treati.eb ; b ile 11, other countries to be broken; stood Y foroa e he ll6, wrongs were enacted, and instead of intostanciing t heir !I:ft prevent these violations they had shrunk Hort. A l c — fa The till seemingly half frightened to interfere. t „ to Oa 01011 went at sem length int* the trestle* en tereo i.• they had THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AtiGUST is, 1816.