The Sun. — London, England, 1846-09-08 00:00:00

IRELAND. GOVERNMENT RELIEF MEASURES. DUBLIN', SEPT. 4.—Sutijoined is a copy of a proclama tion which appears in the Dublin Gazette of this evening : " BY THE LORD-LIEUTENANT-GENERAL AND GENERAL- GOVERNOR OF IRELAND. " BESBOROUGH.—Whereas, by an Act passed in the 10th year of the reign of her present Majesty, intituled An Act to facilitate the Employment of the Labouring Poor for a limited Period in Distressed Districts in Ire land,' it is enacted, that whenever, on representation of the existence of distress in any district, it may seem ex pedient to the Lord-Lieutenant or other chief governor or governors of Ireland, that an extraordinary present ment sessions for any barony, half-barony, county of a city, or county of a town in Ireland (the county of the city of Dublin excepted), should assemble and make presentments for the execution of public works in such district, it shall be lawfil for the Lord-Lieutenant, or other chief governor or governors of Ireland. from time to time, by a notice to be published in the Dublin Ga zette, and also in one or more newspapers circulating in the respective district, and of which notice copies shall be posted in the usual places for posting public grand jury notices in such district, to direct and require that an extraordinary presentment sessions for such barony, half•barony, county of a city, or county of a town, as the case may be, shall meet and assemble for the purposes of the said Act. " And whereas representations have been made to me of the existence of distress in the barony of Raphoe, in the county of Donegal ; " Now, I, John William, Earl of Besborough, Lord- Lieutenant-General and Gover-General of Ireland, do, by this notice, direct and require that an Extraordinary Presentment Sessions for the said barony of Raphoe, in the county of Donegal, shall meet and assemble for the purposes of the said Act, at Raphoe, in the said barony, on Monday, the 14th day of September, at the hour of twelve o'clock, noon. " Dated at Dublin Castle, the 3d day of September, 1846. " By his Excellency's command, " H. LABOUCHERE." The Gazette contains similar proclamations for hold ing baronial sessions in various parts of the counties of Cork, Clare, Donegal, Galway, Mayo, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, and Waterford. The Evening Mail, while bearing testimony to the promptitude of Government in taking this early step to mitigate tho impending destitution, remarks : " A most important duty will now devolve upon the several baronial sessions thus called together by the Lord-Lieutenant. With them rests the power of selec tion as to the public works to be set on foot within their respective districts; and upon their judgment will de pend the choice either of undertakings that will confer lasting benefit upon the country, or of works possessing no other recommendation than that of furnishing an ex cuse for the distribution of alms." A letter from the county of Tipperary, cf yesterday's date, published in the Mail of this evening, indicates that as alai-rent war has commenced in that district, the ultimate object of which, the writer seems to think, is the overthrow of the landlord as the prelude to the esta blishment of " fixity of tenure," He says— " In divers parts of this district, since the harvest has been cut, some landlords and agents have thought it prudent to make, in certain instances, a distress on the crops of defaulting tenants. Previous to the respective sale days appointed, written notices have been posted in each place of public resort for some miles around the vicinity of the place at which the sale was advertised to take place, those notices being to inform the public that they are expected to attend to prevent a sale taking place. The consequence has been, that within the last week large multitudes have been assembled at the seve ral places appointed, and have successfully, in these in stances; prevented any sale taking place. In one instance, and which occurred yesterday, preparations were made for the attendance of a large military and police force at the scene of the intended sale, for the purpose of protecting the party authorised to sell ; but their presence was dispensed with, owing to that party deeming it useless to prosecute the affair, as no one would venture to bid for the effects exposed for sale. The friends of disorder, however, assembled, and I make no doubt that, had the sale taken place, blood would have been shed. To exhibit the cha racter of the warfare that has thus begun, I may Darn tion that in' the case to which I have just alluded, the tenant owed but 161., being one year's rent of a nice farm; and I am credibly informed that the wheat crop alone on it is value for 501. Here, then, was ample pro vision for the rent, with a large overplus, besides which were an oat and a turnip crop. For such a tenant no sympathy on the score of want of food could exist; and therefore the organized opposition to the payment of rent is fully manifested. That such a state of things must be met by prompt and deter mined measures on the part of the Government and landed proprietors no one should for a moment gainsay ; if not, anarchy and con fusion will overcome law and order, not only will ruin be brought ou ma ty individuals, but the entire rights of property will become subverted. Taking into considera tion the severe loss of food that has been sustained by the people, it will become landlords to exercise the utmost extent of leniency towards their tenants who have been sufferers—and who is it that has not been?• —but, of course in different degrees, proportional to the extent of their other means. Where a landlord shall be satisfied that his claim can be met without depriving the tenant of the full means of support, he should press that claim, and do so with determination; no vacillating, no submission to intimidation; for in such weakness is exhibited, and strength and confidence is impirted to the insurgent mass—for so they may very properly be designated. But to enable the landlord to act with determination, and, in fact, to assert his rights, the executive force in all its branches should give its aid; magistrates, with military and police, should be available on all occasions; and not only that, but arrange ments should be made that, in the event of no other purchasers appearing, officers of the commissariat de partment should purchase the goods. A few such ex amples would effectually check what will otherwise grow into a very formidable, and, I fear, bloody contest. No Arms Act being now in force, fire-arms will be in re quisition amongst the vast assemblages that will collect. Indeed, I had forgotten to mention that I have been in formed that armed men did attend on the occasions I have referred to, and shots were discharged to intimi date. Another sign of the times is, that the lower orders, to a very great extent, exult over the loss of the potato crop, and bail that infliction of a wise Providence as a blessing; and it is not only because they hope by it to obtain a better deicriptton of food, but are in expecta tion of a change growing out of the confusion and dis tress which must occur; and of this fact I am aware from my own observation." In the meantime, the landloeds, naturally alarmed at the present discouraging aspect of affairs, are bestirring themselves, and several influential gentlemen have already come forward with plans and suggestions for the consideration of the Executive ; the majority of which, although more or less objectionable in the details, tend to show that the public mind is at length thoroughly awakened to the danger, and that a crisis is approaching that will consummate the work tardily commenced by the institution of Lord Devon's Land Commission. There appears in print this evening a latter addresse d to Lord Besborough by Mr. Horace Rochfort, of Clog. rennan, a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant of the county of Carlow, in the course of which, referring to the recent landlord meeting held in Limerick, under the auspices of the Earl of Devon, he observes : _ _ " Mr. Alonsell's roposel to compel the landlord to pro vide productive employment for the poor upon his estate,' is, I believe, in many cases, quite impracticable. Many landlords have had their estates handed d )wia to them with a dense an , l wretched population, and, moreover, heavily charged with tn - irtgages and other incumbrances. This year extreme difficulty will be found in collecting the rents ; and if with diminished means they are still to bo more heavily taxed, all their present efforts to employ the poor on productive labour will be paralysed. Still, God forbid I should assert that, for this present year, we ought not to be provided with some such temporary measure as now proposed, to mitigate the im pending calamity; but, with reference to future seasons, Ido assert that, to pursue, year after year, the same course, would soon eat up all the resources of the coun try. I entirely agree with Mr. blouse'', that the general employment of the people on productive labour can only be accomplished by the direct agency of the landlords; but they can only be enabled to perform this duty by some such plan as is contained in the following sugges tions being adopted by Government in the ensuing ses sion of Parliament. . . . . "Let them carry out, to a greater extent, the principle already acted upon in the Drainage Act and Board of Public Works Act.. Let them lend to all landed pro prietors, who possess encumbered estates, money at 3i per cent., to pay off their exi s ting mortgages, taking from them a first charge on their property at 5 per cent., and binding them down to lay out the difference of inte rest between 3& and 5 or 6 per cent. annually on their estates in permanent improvements. " These improvements to be carried out by the land lords themselves and their tenants, under t he immediate supervision and control of the Board of Werks, assisted by an additional staff of officers. " The fund by which they would be carried on would thus be created out of the difference between a low and a higher rate of interest, and that without risk or loss to either party. The landlord would, probably, have no objection to having the State for a creditor, instead of an individual; and the paying off of so many mortgages would have the effect of unlocking. so much more capital for investment in land, and its improvement. "By this plan one of the great objections to ab• senteeism would be done away with. In many cases now a large rental is swept yearly out of the country, end little or no return given. But in every instance where such absentee landlord owed money, and chose to avail himself of this- Act, a portion, at least, of his rental would be returned and invested in lasting im provements. " To this measure no objection of a party nature could be made. All persons circumstanced as I have de scribed w ould, I am sure, gladly avail themselves of it ; and those landlords who now possess their incomes clear, but hitherto have not been inclined to expend money in Improving their estates, would, for very shame, be forced onwards in amicable rivalship with their neighbours. Employment becoming more general, the wages of labour would of necessity rise, and the labouring class would be enabled to procure a more substantial diet, and to withstand with courage the failure of the potato crop. A higher system of agriculture would be introduced, based on all the modern discoveries, and aided by science and the spirit of inquiry now abroad ; and I feel sure that the small cottier tenant would not be left behind in the general progress of society around him. If by better farming he could be enabled to pay his ren t p unc t ua lly (and such membe rs of his family as were not needed on his allotment would probably find plenty of work a s la bourers), the great temptation to his eviction would cease, and thus the chief and primary cause of all agr a rian eeltrege would be checked. Whenever, i n the opinion of the overseer of the Board of Works, an estate had been THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MOitNII44; SiI;YEIVII3iIIt 8, 1846. improved to the uttermost, I would suggest that the sum previously expended upon it every year should be ap plied as a sinking fund to pay off the principal of the charge held by Government; we might thus look to the next generation coming into possession of their estates not only highly improved, but also freed from the heavy charges which now paralyse the energies and cramp the best intentions of the present prbprietors. Recollect the conclusion to which the shrewd and talented com missioner of the Times arrived:—That it was the want of capital and enterprise, on the part of the landlords, that tended to keep Ireland in her present backward state; and he recommended every facility being given to the transfer of property, that it might come into other hands better able to affird an outlay. But how slow this progress. How difficult the sale of a deeply-mortgaged property is found to be. Adopt the principle of the plan I now propose, and yon attain, by a different means, the same beneficial results. Neither the State nor any other public board, with all their exertions, can meet with effect the present crisis. Their work is, of necessity, almost unprofitable, and their expenditure is large; and each succeeding year, if persevered in, it will fall with redoubled weight upon the land, till its burdens become intolerable. Instead of this, stimulate and encourage the energies of the resident gentry of Ireland—tell them you expect them to perform their duty, and to come to the aid of the millions, now without food, or likely soon to be so; and hold out the promise that you, the State, will take away every excuse for backwardness, for that you will supply the means; and I firmly believe that every corner of our island will ere long present the aspect of thousands employed on productive labour, and that ea3h year will draw closer the bond of union be tween the upper and lower classes, and render the latter less dependent upon the potato as their sole supply of food." The suggestions here thrown out by Mr. Rochfort were to a certain extent adopted by Lord Mounteashell, who, at a special meeting of the Fermoy board of poor law guardians, thus adverted to the condition of the Irish landed proprietary: — Landlords (said the Noble Earl) were usually consi dered to be a very wealthy class; but the truth was, that the landlords of Ireland were a very poor body. Now he wished he had the third report of the Commis sioners appointed a few years ago to report on the state of the poorer classes in Ireland. That was in 1836, and they estimated the rental of Ireland at 10,000,000/. per annum. In 1832, however, Mr. Griffiths estimated it at 12,715,0001., and later investigation gave it at some thing over 13,000,0001. If no one else did so, he would move in his place in Parliament for a return of all the mortgages, judgment debts, and every , other incumbrance that could be ascertained respecting the landed property of Ireland, and if that-had been before them •now, by deducting the amount of it from the gross rental, they would see what the sum was which the landlords had at their disposal. A man might have the name of having 10,0001. a year, but if he was obliged to give up 5,000/. or 6,0001. out of it, what was ,the use of that to him? He had entered into some calculations on that subject, and had come to the conclusion that about two-thirds of the rental of Ireland was disposed of in that man ner, and consequently did not come into the hands of the landlords to spend as they might please. He had, therefore, come to the conclusion that the whole amount of income possessed by the landlords at their own disposal was little more than 4,000,0001 per annum. That would perhaps appear very startling. and certainly, when the incomes of the landed gentry of other nations were considered, it would be found that Irish landlords were perhaps the poorest of any other part of Europe. Then they had establishments to keep up. They had a number of followers and dependants who lived on them and by them. Just look at the state they would place a large portion of the population in by taking away the means from the landlords. Ho was at present speaking of the resident landlords—he was not talking of the absentees, who drew money out of the country and did no good in return. What the resident landlords received with one hand they had to expend with the other. They were not much given to hoarding, and if they were so some fifty or sixty years ago, it would be all the better for themselves and for the coun try at present. Let them have the greatest possible in clination, they had not the power. He had shown that they should part with two-thirds of their incomes These charges should be paid, and if' they were not ; they knew well what would be the consequence. They should very soon get into the hands of the legal gentle men, and he need not say how they would deal with them. There was no use in deceiving the public and the Government, and it was right that the tenantry should know the real state of things also. But under such circumstances all the landlords of Ireland should put their shoulders to the wheel, and endeavour to extricate, in the best way they could, themselves and their tenantry from the difficulties with which they were surrounded. They could not do so without great pecuniary assistance from the Government. The point had been already mooted at the meeting. in Cork by Mr. Roche, that Government ought to lend the landed proprietors of Ireland money on the security of their properties. If they did so, they had the power of making it a first charge by Act of Parliament—(Hear, hear)—and let them bind the landlords in every pos sible way to expend these sums:in giving employment to the people on their estates. They could give those ad vances at the rate they got them themselves, viz , 3 or 3i per cent., from the public creditor. If that was done he thought it would be the best and the most practical way to promote the interests of Ireland. lie thought it might be done with safety and with effect.. The exigency of the times required every possible exertion. The Government should come forward. The landlords, however, with the means they had, should do all in their power ; and by the united exertions of landlords and Government they might be able, not only to benefit the people of Ireland at the present time, but also for a loug period of time to come. Mr. D. GERAN (Rushmount) said that though he had not the privilege of addressing them as a guardian, yet as he had been requested to attend, and having heard what Lord Mountcashell addressed to the meeting, he would offer a few observation upon it. Lord Mount cashell bad stated that two-thirds of the property of Ireland was absorbed by mortgages and other imam brances. Grant that—but still the one-third remained at their disposal, and certainly in such awful times as these they ought to come forward and bear their share of the ge neral losses. Ile knew it was dangerous ground to say,don't pay rents. He would discountenance any such cry being raised as much as any man in the country. lie hoped there would be no such thing as combination abroad; but suppose the landlords did their worst, and drove the tenantry to the wall, what would they benefit by that ? Was there to be no consideration for those who lost all they had by the failure of the potato crop ? This visi tation was no fault of the farmers—they could not forsee or prevent it. If the landlords were so deeply in debt, it was perhaps owing to the extravagance of their ances tors. They had the fee of the land, and if debts accrued they ou ;lit to be paid off. The Government could not do all without assistance from the landlords, and their bearing their due proportion of the losses that had come on the country.—(Hear.) He did not mean to sp?ak disresp‘ c:fuliy of the landlords, or any other class ; but if those gentlemen kept carriages, and hunters, and hounds, and indulged in every other luxury, could they not abridge them on such occasions as this?—(Hear.) On occasions when people could not procure the means of existence, could they not confine themselves to the necessities of life, and forgo its luxuries for a season? _ Loyd MOUNTCASHELL.—And would no one suffer by that? • Mr. GERAN considered that the general community w..)uld 132 served by it, and it was sometimes necessary to make sume sacrifice for the public good. GOVERNMENT PATRONAGE. SEPT. s.—Although there is not as yet any official notification of a vacancy in the department, it is stated to-day that the office of Poor-law Commissioner, with a salary of 2,5001. a year, has been conferred on Mr. Mor gan John O'Connell, M.P. The Nation, while fully ad "flitting Mr. O'Connelrs qualifications for the situation, deeply regrets the fact of an O'Connell becoming a " sti ppndiury of England," as establishing a precedent which the weak and venal will improve to their own interest. The Nation farther remarks, and with perfect truth, that "When Mr. Meagher commented on the place-hunt ing of Mr. Edward Clements, he saw where this system tended, and determined to nip it in the bud. He was clamoured down by men who knew perfectly well that Mr. Clements was at that monunt begging a place in London (this is not surmise—we speak from knowledge of the fact); and we are now to suffer the results of let ting the first offender escape. If the people choose to engage in a sham battle about physical force, and turn their eyes away from the questions of real importance to our cause, wo to Ireland. This is one, and the most pressing of them all." " Expecting to bear from you at your earliest con venience, I remain, your very obedient servant, " T. M. Ray, Esq." " JOHN KENYON. " Dear and Rev. Sir,—ln reply to your letter of yes terday, I beg to say th-it the Association has always re served to itself the right to prescribe the paper , : eligible for subscribers to the repeal fund to order; and that you are perfectly correct in assuming that the Association would stop the issue of any of these at any moment it was thought necessary for the safety of the Association to do so. The rules do not authorise us to remit money in lieu of papers stopped; we can only arrange for the transmission of another of the journals. We did not and could not ever accept any subscriptions on terms in compatible with the principles upon which the Associa tion was from the first based; and with the utmost re spect lam bound to inform you, that any person who refuses to assent to these principles, as they now stand, cannot be a member of the Association.—l have the honour to remain, Rev. Sir, your faithful and obedient servant, " T. M. RAY. " Rev. J. Kenyon, Chapel House, Templederry, Nenagh." " Chapel House, Tetnplederry, Nenagh, Aug 23. " Dear Sir,—You state, in reply to my demand for a remission of money proportioned to the sum we sent to the repeal funds, to enable us to provide a paper, that the rules do not authorise you to. remit money in lieu of paper stopped.' This statement I must, with very great respect, question. I have never seen such rules. They are not amongst those specimens in the printed abstract which accompanied your first announcement. But, on the contrary, it seems to me that for the express purpose of securing the safety of the Association, an ap • propriatien of money, to be applied by the subscribe rs in each locality, was resolved upon after the state prose cution. However, if you can, upon examination, 'dis cover such rules, and are pleased to point them out to me, I shall urge you no further on that head. " In that case, however, it will be my duty, in justice 'to a large number of the subscribers, to demandback their subscriptions ; because, as I have already men tioned to you, they were given upon an express condi tion, which is now being violated. The number of such subscribers I cannot state exactly at the present moment. I believe it may be one-half of the entire. But, of course, if I am obliged to rest upon this part of the case, I shall discover it exactly by a reference to themselves. " Moreover, if there be no such rules' as you have stated, and that, nevertheless, you refine to remit that proportion of our contribution to which the rules with which I have been acquainted appear to entitle us, I must again express my fear that I shall feel myself in the necessity of demanding back the entire subscriptions. " I cannot pretend to misunderstand the meaning of your concluding paragraph, but I do not exactly see its relevancy to the present question. I needed not special information to know that any person who refuses to assent to the principles upon which the Association was from the first based,' cannot be a member of it.—l remain, dear Sir, your very obedient servant, "T. M. Ray, Es - q. "JOHN ICENYON." "Loyal National Repeal Association, " Corn Exchange Rooms, Dublin, August 26. " Dear and Rev. Sir,—ln reply to your letter of the 23d instant, I beg to say that, pending the embarrass ments of the state trials, the system of remitting back money, in lieu of newspapers, and as drawback from the repeal rent, had to be resorted to. That system was subsequently given up, and the former arrangement re sumed, from and after the 23d of September, 1844. That arrangement has continued in force up to the present time. It was published in all the newspapers, and the public are fully aware of it; we cannot, therefore, return money. "If I had known, upon receiving your remittance, that it was accompanied by any such conditions as you mention, I could not have accepted the money, as those conditions would be incompatible with our rules; on the contrary, I conceived, 'from the following paragraph in your letter with the remittance, that you left the fur nishing of any paper or not to our entire discretion:— "'lf your rules will warrant the return of any por tion of this sum for the purpose of providing a news paper, we are sufficiently poor to be willing to receive it; but if not, you are welcome to the whole of it, with our blessing.'—l have the honour to remain, dear and Rev. Sir, your faithful and obedient servant, _ _ _ ' 66 T. M. RAY. "Rev. J. Kenyon, Chapel House, Templederry, Nenagh. " Chapel House, Templederry, Auz._ 27. " Thar Sir,—Witi every respect for you individually, I must insist that you have Chown me no rules' which should prevent you from remitting the money. It was not merely to avoid embarrassment—it was precisely to avoid responsibility that the change was made. Now, responsibility is the thing which you still affect to obviate. Why therefore recur to the very system which entailed it? "The paragraph of my letter which you quote does pot warrant your inference that I left the furnishing of a paper, or not, to your entire discretion,'—on the con trary, I stood upon your rules'—but was unaware at the moment whether the contribution was large enough to entitle us to the return of any portion of the subscrip tion according to those rules. " Seeing, however, that it is idle any longer to expect a compliance with my just demand, feeling that the con ditions under which the money was tendered are by you disregarded, I hereby formally, and in the name of all the subscribers, reclaim the entire. _ " Now that your rules, or at least your usages, are better known to u 3, we will be enabled to regulate our contributions so as to avoid in future any perplexity like this.—l remain, dear Sir, your very obedient servant, " T. M. sq. E "JOHN KENYON. "P. S.—l think ft as well to state that if you refuse to rPtorn the money. it is my intention to hand over my claim to a solicitor." " Loyal National Repeal Association, "Corn Exchange Rooms, Dublin, Aug. 29. " Rev. Sir,—ln reference to the demand mentioned in your favour of 27th instant, I beg respectfully "to say that I am not empowered to give any answer further than is contained in my last letter.—l have the honour to remain, Rev. Sir, your faithful and obedient servant, " T. M. RAY, Secretary. " Rev. J. Kenyon, Templederry, Nenagh." In reply to a letter from the Rev. Mr. Meehan to the Secretary of the Repeal Association, in which the rev. gentleman protested against the conduct of the com• mittee in expelling the IV talon from the repeal reading rooms, as also against the proceedings which compelled William Smith O'Brien to retire from the Association, the subjoined letter has been forwarded by Mr. Ray " Loyal National Repeal Association, " Corn Exchange Rooms, Dublin, Sept. 2. "Rev. Sir,—ln reply to your letter this day received, I beg most respectfully to acquaint you, that as you de cline to acquiesce in the principles upon which the Re peal Association is based, you do not continue a member of that body.—l have the honour to remain, Rev. Sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, " T. M. RAY, Secretary." POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE. A young man of respectable extf rirr and good address, who stated his name to be Henry Smith (as he was given to underst!ind), was brought before tiro Lord Mayor, charged with having annoyed Mr. Sparks, of the London As'urance Office, by asking for relief'. Mr. Sparks said, the defendant had called at his office, asked for assistance, and refused to leave the place, con tending that as be had been frequently relieved before, he had a decided claim upon the person who had served him. Aldertnan GIBBS—Have you relieved him? Mr. Sparks—Certainly; several times. The defendant—He has, frequently; and I, therefore, considered him to be my friend. I took it for grantee+. The circumstances in which I am placed are rather un u4ual. I su; pose that lam an illegitimate child; and I believe that Mr. Sparks, and Mr. Wilson, a respectable solicitor in Chancery-lane, know who my parents are. The gentlemen I have named have from time to time supplied me with money, and paid' for my education, and it is admitted that their contributions have nut been made by themselves, or from wotives of charity. lam now in a state of actual starvation. I have been brought up as a surveyor and engineer; but I have ni-t had any thing to do prof:.ssionally for the last four months, ar.d I naturally + ailed upon Mr. Wilson and Mr. Sparks, who know who I am, for I know not myself, to aid me in this emergency. Mr. Sparks says he has alreadyf, given me money, and that he cannot give me any more. I know that he has supplied me with money, and I want to know whose money it is that he has been giving me. Surely that is not an unreasonable demand from an indi vidual situated as I am. Alderman GIBBS (to the defendant) —Have you ap plied t ,- ; Mr. Wils.pn upon the subject ? The defendant —I have, and Mr. Wilson when I urged him to tell me who I aro, said that he must see Mr. Sparks about it, and thus I am kept in the dark by those two gentlemen who must know all about me. Is it my father or mother ho has paid for my support and education, or am I indebted to any one's charity ? Alderman Grim:is—Have you received money from Mr. Wilson? The defendant—Certainly, I have. -Alderman GIBES—WeII, Mr. Sparks, you hear what he says. Mr. Sparks—l do not know who his parents are at all. I know nothing about them. Mr. Wilson asked me, as I was more conveniently situated than he, whether I would pay Mr. Smith's school bills. I agreed to do so, merely as a favour to Mr. Wilson, to whom I have re ferred the defendant for information on the subject of his parentage. The defendant—What could Mr. Wilson mean by saying, he must see you before he could give me the in formation I required, if you knew nothing of the matter? I apply in my extreme necessity, and these gentlemen refer tne from one to the other, and deny me either assistance or satisfaction of any kind. IVi as brought up upon their authority at the school of Mr. Pike, of Edmonton, and Mr. Sparks and Mr. Wilson paid for my passage to, and fitted me out for Australia. Did all this arise from a mere charitable feeling upon their parts towards me, and if sunh be the else, why withdraw all feeling now, when, without miscond .ct upon my part, I am reduced to a state of absolute want? Alderman GIBBS (to ihe defendant)—Where did you live during the holidays ? The defendant— I remained at the school always. Upon ono occasion I dined with Mr. Sparks. Hundreds of pounds have been expended upon me, and I wish to know whose money that was, but Mr. Wilson and Mr. Sparks answer use by referring me each to the other. Alderman Gins (to the defendant)—You have heard what Mr. Sparks has said. He has sworn.that he does not know who your parents are, and that he is merely the agent of Mr. Wilson, in defraying the expenses your educltion has incurred. The defendant—But why, my Lord, should Mr. Wil son say he must see Mr. Sparks, before he can tell me who I am ? Mr. Sparks—l have given the defendant money out of my own pocket, to relieve him. Alderman GIBBS—Had you any particular reason for doing so ? Mr. Sparks—He has not the most distant claim upon me ; but I saw that he was a youth who was desirous to make his way in the world, and I assisted him for that reason. Alderman GIBBS—WeII, Mr. Smith, I must call upon you to enter into your own recognisances, in the sum of 501., not to molest Mr. Sparks for t.% elve months. My advice to you is to apply respectfully to Mr. Wilson, who seems to me to be likely to be in possession of the in formation which y. u require. The defendant entered ir.to his recognisances, bowed to the Alderman, and retired. SMUGGLING AND SUSPECTED ROBBERY.—Mr. Pot bury, of the office of the Solicitor of the Customs, ap peared to sustain an information against a _man named John Andrews, who was summoned for having been found in possession of a quantity of foreign silver plate, upon which the duty had not been paid. The pla e had been all seized, and the penalties sought amounted to 2901. 14s. The defendant, upon being called three times, did not appear, and - the case was en tered into by Aldermen Gibbs and Musgrove. Jordan, an officer of the Customs, proved that on the 3d SeptemLev he served the wife of the defendant, at the defendant's house in Spital- street,_Spitalfields. George Maddox stated, that on the 27th July, as he was on duty, his attention was called to a skiff under the stern of the Columbine steam•vessel, lying off the Cus tom-house, and he saw a bag handed out of the stern window of that vessel to Andrews, who was in the skiff, and who placed the bag in what was called the state room of the latter, and began to row towards shore. Witness stepped into the skiff, and asked the defendant what he had in the bag? to which qaeation no answer was given. Witness then asked him whether he had anything in the bag liable to seizure?- and the defendant said, " Open it and you'll see." Witness accordingly opened the bag, and found that it contained 276 ounces of foreign silver plate gilt. The Aldermen examined the plate, which it was evi dent, fro :u the external figures and devices, had once belonged to a Roman Catholic Chapel. The border of one of the wine cups, of which there were three, was marked with figures of angels. Another of the cups seemed to be almost formed of medals, on some of which were apostolical figures and emblems ; and the third cup also bore evidence of pious application. There were five silver silt basins, three dos ui of silver gilt spoons of curious fabrication, four silver gilt stands, twenty-two silver- handled knives, three silver cork screws. Maddox said that he inquired of the crew of the Co lumbine whether they knew the defendant, and was an swered in the negative. He then seized the property, and deposited it in the Custom-house, and he took the defendant's address, according to the regulations in such matters. Alderman GIBBS asked from what place the Colum bine had come? Maddox replied, from Rotterdam. Alderman MUSGROVE said the probability was, that the plate belonged to some place of worship, and that it had been stolen as well as smuggled, and that if the par ticulars of the charge'appeared in the press a legitimate owner for it might appear. Mr. Potbury said that such was certainly his im pression. The goods were then taken to the Custom-house. GUILDHALL. BORROWING FROM THE DEAD.—A man of wretched appearance was placed at the bar before Mr. Alderman Thomas Wood, charged with having acted as a drover in Smithfield-market without a license, and personating a man who has been some tinp., dead, and of whose badge the prisoner had unlawfuly obtained possession, his own having been withdrawn for misconduct. The prisoner pleaded the great distress to which he had been brought through want of employment since his badge was taken away. The MAGISTRATE could not admit of such an excuse, and sentenced him to pay a fine of 10s., or be imprisoned ten days. BOW-STREET. Edward Edmunds was charged with being drunk and using obscene language, and with assaulting Maria Goodman, the daughter of James Goodman, the pro prietor of oyster rooms in the Strand. The complainant said, that at about half-past eleven o'clock on Saturday night she went into the shop where her mother and sister were behind the counter. The prisoner was standing at the door and was using a great deal of bad language. She told him he hail better go away, but he still continued to use bad language, and she went to put him out, whereon he gave her a blow in the face. She then called a policeman and gave him in charge. The complainant's sister corroborated this statement. The prisoner denied that he struck the complainant purposely, but admitt , d that he was drunk, and used the language attributed to him. Mr. HENRY said that the highest penalty he could inflict was 51., but he could commit the prisoner for trial, if the complainant was willing to press the charge at the sessions. _ _ Mr. Goodman did not wish to " have any litigation." Mr. HENRY then said he would deal with the case summarily. He would fine the prisoner 51., or in default of pa) merit sentence him to one month's imprisonment. The prisoner said he would pay the fine in the course of the day. MARLBOROUGH - STREET. George Carats and John Clark were placed at the bar, charged with driving furiously in Oxford-street and running down a woman. J. C. Nicotai, furrier, 82, Oxford-street, said he was walking near his shop in Oxford-street, on Sunday, about half-past eight, when his attention was called to two carts running along Oxford-street, on the way to St. Giles's, at a very rapid pace. One of the carts at that moment passed the other, turned short round before it and came close on to the kerb-stone, so as to knock down a woman who had just crossed the street, and had nearly reached the pavement. The horse then trampled on the woman, and by that time the second cart had come up, and both horses were trampling on her at once. The driver in the first cart endeavoured to drive off, Ibut he seized the reins and had the drivers, the defendants at the bar, both taken into custody. He said the driving was so furious that several cabmen came for ward and gave their numbers in case it should be ne cessary for them to appear as witnesses. Frederick Wm. Branded, professor of music, 22, Great Portland -street, corroborated the evidence of the last witness. Both prisoners were whipping their horses violently. Constable, 106 C, who took them into custody, said the woman who was injured was Sarah Ha y ter, a ser vant at 28, G re at Queen -street, wher e she was confined to her bed. A certificate from the surgeon was produced, to the effect that the woman was suffering from frEcture of the rieht arm, and a wound in the head, and w as incapable of being moved. The defeudants were remanded for a week. John Mullen" was put to the bar, charged with steal ing a silver watch. Patrick Shea, a porter, living at 7, Pulteney-court, when about to be sworn, said be wished first to make a statement. Mr. MALTBY—Have yeti a charge to prefer ?—Yea, your Worship ; but I would not prefer it if I got back my property. • Mr. JS4ALTBY agair.—Do you ',Nish to make a chatge? The complainant then said he was in a private house in Maiden Head-passage this morning, about two o'clock, with a few friends, as he supposed them to be, and had bad his watch taken off him. He charged the defendant with the theft. Helen Shea (no relation to the complainant) lived in the house where the theft was committed. She saw the man at the bar hand over a silver watch to a younc , chap, who went and put it into the water-butt. She saw him put it there. The police were- brought, and after the defendant had been taken into custody she saw the young man go again into the yard and take the watch from the butt. Constable 178 C said he took the man at the bar into cust, dy. There were four or five women in the room at the time besides the two men, and all of them were drunk except the prisoner, but especially the com plainant, whom he was obliged to lock up for the night. No trace of the watch could be found, and he did not hear the woman's evidence till that morning, otherwise he might have taken the other young man into custody. Th,. prisoner denied having had anything to do with the watch ; besides, he had given the defendant 21. not to prefer the charge, and his promise to try and gLt the propeity. The c• mp!ainant said he had taken the 21 until the property wps restores. His watch was worth 304. Mr. MALTBY told the complainant he had made him self liable to an indictment for taking the money, and remanded the case till Wednesday. SUPPOSED MURDER AT CHES TERFIELD. (From the Derbyshire Courier.) A most awful c;reumstance has been this w eek brought to light, which has excited in Chesterfield and its neigh bourhood feelings of the greatest horror and alarm. The appalling dimcovery of a mangled human body amongst some night-soil in a vault in the heart of the town, has caused this universal excitement. From the exposed and dangerous place in which the body was found, it was at first surmised that some unfortunate wretch h!id wan dered by mistake into the horrid place, and failing in, had been shortly stiff wated ; but when the severed head was discovered, and a large fracture showed itself across the skull, a more terrible suspicion entered the mind, and that murder had been committed became the univer sal apprehension. Subsequent discoveries leave little room for doubting that a foul and horrid murder was committed on the 7th of December left, and that the mangled remains were those of the victim. But we will proceed to give a narrative account of this dreadful affair. On Friday last, some men were employed in emptying the contents of a large hole on pit upon the premises jointly occupied by Mr. Bunting, corn-dealer, and Mr. Towndrow, grocer, at the bottom of the Market-place, and which was u-el as a place for the reception of night soil. During their labour they perceived a substance which they conjectured to be the decayed carcase of a sheep, and it was carted to a field of Mr. Bunting's, in the parish of Hasland, along with the manure, and no further notice was taken of it at the time. Subse quently, however, one of the men who had assisted mentioned to a fellow labourer, named Green, that he had doubts respecting the putrid mass, in consequence of which, Green examined it on Tuesday last, and found it to be the trunk and bowels of a man. Mr. Bunting, accompanied by Dr. Walker, afterwards examined it, and were of a similar opinion. This led to further search, and the bone s of the legs and arms were also found sepa rate from the body ; the garters were round the legs, as worn by the man when - living, and this circumstance, as will be seen by the evidence given at the inquest, led to the body being identified. A good black coat, black silk neckerchief, and a silk pocket handkerchief, marked "G. C.," were also discovered among the heaps of manure which had been carted to the field, as well as a pair of trousers with braces affixed to them. These discoveries led to renewed search in the pit on the premises of Mr. Bunting, at the bottom of' the market-place, when a human head was soon found, having on it very little flesh, but the whole of the teeth, and a portion of one eye, and showing a fracture about four inches long, extending from the top of the forehead nearly to the crown of the head. A silk hat was also found with a large incision in it. The whole of the re mains were consigned to the care of the authorities of the township of Basland, and the body was soon identi fied to be that of George Collis, the son of Mrs. Mawkes, of Brampton, by a former husband, and of whom no thing had been heard since last December. He was about twenty four years of age, about five feet six inches in height, and good looking, and had been in the domes tic service of the late Mrs. Lucas, of Hasland house, but since the death of his mistress had for a time been carry ing on business as a butcher, in conjunction with a per son named John Platts. There were several circumstances which made the sudden disappearance of Collis little re garded. He had for some time been acquainted, with a female named Beresford, residing in Beete ell street, Chesterfield, who had become pregnant by him, and it was thought this might have led him to leave the town, more particularly as he had arranged with a young man to accompany him to Manchester on the Monday after he was last seen; he had also told his mother pre viously that he should not write. But it appears that he entertained some fears as to the safety of his person, by stating on an evening some time previously to the female alluded to, that he was afraid of being murdered as he went home that night, on which her brother ac companied him home. A coroner's bequest sat on the remains en Thursday last, at Mr. Mather's, the Shoulder of Mutton Inn, Hasland, before Mr. J. Hutchinson, gentleman, coroner, when the evidence of Ellen Beresford proved the identity of the body; she also produced the fellow to one of the garters, which deceased had given her. On the follow ing day, John Netts, a butcher, of Chesterfield, was taken into custody on suspicion of being the murderer. The mother of Platte, who is a widow residing at Durrant-green, has also been apprehended, as well as Henry Knight, his brother-in-law, the possession of Collis's watch having been traced to them. This watch Collis bought of Mr. Thompson, watch maker, Chesterfield, who noted the number, &c., and it is a very suspicious circumstance that the prisoner Platts had pledged with Mr. Wilcocksor, pawnbroker, Chester field, a watch agreeing in number and in every other particular with the watch sold to Collis; this watch was redeemed by prisoner's mother as late as Thursday last, and she states that it has been since sent to Sheffield. A yellow canvass bag for money, having a division in the centre, and which is supposed to have been in Collis's possession when be left the female Beresford, has also disappeared, though seen by Cottorill, the constable, in the prisoner's box as late as Thursday. When Collis and Platts carried on business as butchers, they rented a shop in the shambles, not far from a dwel ling-house, from an inmate of which we have received the following sickening detail. Our informant states that he was going past the butcher's shop in question about seven o'clock on the night when the unfortunate man was last seen, and that when he got near the cross gutters in the shambles, he heard three or four tremen dous blows struck in the butcher's shop occupied by the prisoner, and which were immediately followed by loud groaning, which gradually became fainter, and then a snorting, as if some one was suffocating. He is certain that the sound of the blows did not come from any solid substance. He returned for his wife, who also heard the groans. They requested the parties inside the shop . to open the door, which Platts, from within, refused, saying that he bad bad a glass of brandy at Mr. Frank's, which had made him sick. There was no light in the shop, and informant thought he had a female with him, with whom he was intimate. This suspicion he named to Platts; hut when the church service was over, Platts took the female to their door, to convince them they were mis taken, saying she had been to church. At the same time, he requested permission to wash his band, which was bloody, and which he attributed to having cut his finger. He appeared to have been down on one knee. It is impossible to be acquainted with the foregoing particulars, without feeling the most horrible suspicions. That Collis was murdered there can be doubt—the frightful rent in the skull too surely proves it ; and that his body was afterwards dismembered, and conveyed piecemeal to the disgusting hole from whence it was dragged forth, does not seem to admit of a question. The following are the proceedings at th© CORONER'S INQUEST. ' Valentine Wall, labourer, of -. Chesterfield, deposed that he was employed by Mr. Bunting, flour-dealer, Low-pavement, Chesterfield, to empty the privies at tached to his premises. While at work, about five or six o'clock on Friday morning week, about a yard below the surface, he found something which ho thought was the carcase of a sheep. On his partner lifting it out, about three parts of it fell in again. Witness then found a hat, a large bone, several other bones, and two stakes. It was a very dark place ; had a candle burning. Robert Ashley, labourer, of Chesterfield, vas em ployed by Mr. Bunting in the above duty, with Valen tine Wall : he found two leg bones and two thigh bones joined respectively at the knees ; he tried to separate them with a spade, but could not. Found something which afterwards proved to be a coat ; on lifting it something fell out. Valentine Wall then threw out something like an arm bone, and observed to witness that a sheep must hare been thrown in. He then ob served that they must be human bones. Witness stated that there was nothing to protect a perscn from falling in. On taking hold of the bones, the flesh fell off into his hand. Thomas Green, was employed by Mr. Bunting to take the manure to a field last Friday : he observed some bones and old coat in the cart ; it was impossib!e to re cognise what sort ; had to mix the bones with some clay ; observed a handkerchief tied as if it had been round a person's neck ; found a pair of trousers torn in the seams, also a coat, some bones, apparently leg bones, with garters round them ; one garter was red, the other nearly white ; found portions of braces and of stockings. Told Mr. Bunting his suspicions that the bones were human bones ; was present when Mr. Wyatt, butcher, examined them ; was not satisfied that they were human hopes until Dr. Walker examined them. The constable of Hasland then took charge of the bones. Afterwards found a silk handkerchief ; thought it was black with a red stripe. Mr. Bunting. flour-dealer, Low Pavement, Chester field, deposed that it was an open, but a private yard from his house to those conveniences. The yard door was kept locked. For emptying them there is a covered passage (about four feet wide and five or six yards long) under some buildings. Nothing to protect it except a rail at the front. Ashes were deposited in the passage. Has frequently seen people in the passage. On Friday last ordered the ashes to be got out and taken to the land. On going to see how the men were getting on, was told by Valentine Wall that they had got out the body of a sheep. It had been carted away. From what witness had heard from Green, he (witness) went to the field with Mr. Wyatt, butcher, where witness found a coat and trousers; braces were fastened to the I brace buttons of the trousers. Witness also saw some fragments of garments and a quantity of bones. Both witness and Mr. Wyatt directly concluded that the bones were not the bones of an animal. On two bones, which appeared to be leg bones, were fastened garters. Wit ness then went home. Afterwards accompanied Dr. Walker to the field- He (witness) examined the pockets of the coat and trousers in the pre sence of Mr. Wyatt. They were empty. Saw a neck handkerchief rolled so as to fit a per son's neck. From what Dr. Walker said, or dered a further search to be made in the place where the bones were found ; , when the skull, some other bones, and a hat were found. Was present during this search. The hat was it ut in the side. There appeared to be a severe fracture on the front of the skull. Would not be positive whether the cut in the hat was in the front or in the side. It was an old silk hat. Saw a naked foot in the field. Should a person walk into the passage straght forward and fall in, he could not fall against the opposite wall, as it was seven feet nine inches across; he might fall against the wall if be were thrown sideways. Thomas Wilcockson, tailor, Chesterfield, deposed to having on Wednesday seen some clothes in the posses. sion of the constable of Hasland, a single breasted black frock coat, lined in the skirts with figured Orleans; black cloth trousers, black silk neckerchief, another handkerchief, which witness supposed to be a pocket hardkerchief, it was silk, striped with red; there was edging to the coat; the trousers with braces buttoned behind. The coat would fit a man of eleven stone. Trousers would fit a man about five feet six inches. On the silk pock,t, handkerchief were the letters " G. C." worked with silk about the middle of the edge of the handkerchief. The pockets of the coat were in the plaits. Thomas Cowley, labourer, of Chesterfield, cleaned the convenience the time previous to this. It was about fourteen months ago. It was perfectly emptied. Ellen Beresford examined—She knew George Collis ; he was a young man ; he was a gentleman's servant ; believed that she was on very intimate terms with him. Saw him last on the 7th of December in witness's house, when he had on a black cloth surtout coat, black cloth trousers, and a canary coloured waistcoat ; he had a black silk handkerchief with a red stripe, his initials "G. C." were on the side ; had hemmed a black hand kerchief for him ; knew his garters, one was red, the other was white ; knew the pocket handkerchief perfectly welt ; recognised the clothes directly ; has the fe'low to the white garter ; he was five feet 6i inches in height ; he was then wearing a silk hat which he had purchased at Sheffield ; he had on hoots laced at the sides ; he left witness at 25 minutes to seven in the evening of Sunday ; they were good friends when they parted ; he promised to Fee witness again on Monday evening at six or half-past six o'clock ; never saw him afterwards. The witness also detailed other circumstances, which we suppresi at the request of the coroner, lest justice shou4l be defeated by their putlicity. The inquist was then adjourned until Thursday next at ten o'clock, a m. REPRESENTATION OF CLONMEL. According to the Freeman's Journal, Mr. O'Connell has nominated the lion. Cecil Lawless to the Member ship of Clonmel, vice Mr. Pigott, appointed Chief Baron. Mr. Lawless, it may be recollected, did not join the repeal movement until after the completion of the Dungarvan " arrangement," and until it was made mani• fest that by so doing he was not to forfeit all hopes of favour at the bands of a Whig Government. Really, it now looks as if Mr. O'Connell's " seventy repealers, ' instead of being the formidable stumbling-block which they threatened to be, turned out to be the strongest bulwark of Lord John Russell's Ministry. MEMBERSHIP OF THE REPEAL ASSOCIA. TION. The Nation of this day I;rings to light the following instructive correspondence which has passed between two Roman Catholic clergymen and Mr. Secretary Ray. The weekly organ also publishes a forcible appeal to the latter functionary from Mr. T. F. Meagher, one of the great expelled, but its length will probably preclude the chance of insertion : " Chapel House, Templederry. " Sir,—ln reply to your printed circular, announcing the stoppage of the Nation newspaper, I beg to say':-- "That many of the contributors to the repeal rent which I sent last February to the Association, were mainly moved to contribute by the wish to get the Nation. If, therefore, you break your contract with them, you are bound to remit their subscriptions. " That all the contributors of that sum are opposed to the policy of your present extreme measure, as you may see by our parish resolutions, published in the Evening Freeman about a week since, and cannot convince them selves either of its justice or its its necessity. They can, therefore, be no parties to it. " That you may stop any paper which we would now select, in a month's time, just as fairly as you now stop the Nation. "I beg your committee, therefote, to relieve them selves of solicitude, and us from inconvenience and dis appointment, by sen 'ing us the money, that we may provide ourselves with a paper. • " If you do not choose to do this, I fear I shall he placed in the necessity of demanding back the entire sub scription. THE MANSION HOUSE COMNIITTEE: The above Committee met this day, Lord Cloncurry in the chair. The following members also attended : Mr. O'Connell, M.P. ; Very Rev. Dr Flanagan, Peirce Mahony, John O'Donoghue, Alderman Gardiner, Thomas Gresham, Dr. Gray, and John Classon. The resolution adopted at the Music-hall, on Thurs day, having been brought before the notice of the meet ing, Mr. O'Connell proposed tho following resolution:— " That the LAbour Rate Act, having only just come into operation, and the Government appearing to be conscious of the existing distress and impending famine, this Committee deem it riet to wait, which they do in confident hope, the result of the Government measures under the Act of Parliament : with the determination to take such active steps as they possibly can, should ceocs sion require or should the statute not be sufficiently effi cacious for the emergency." The resolution was unanimously adopted. ADDRESSES TO LORD BESBOROUGIL. This day addresses were presented to his Excellency the Earl of Besborough, from the city of Waterford, the corporation of Waterford, and the town of Clonmel. The addresses from Waterford were read by the Mayor, Sir Benjamin Morris Wall, and the Town Clerk of Waterford ; that from Clonmel was read by the Mayor, Mr. Bianconi. When the deputation from Waterford had withdrawn, his Excellency conferred the honour of a private inter view upon the Right Rev. Dr. Foran, who formed one of the deputation. MR. SMITH O'BRIEN AND THE LIMERICK CORPORATION. At a meeting of the Town Council on Thursday, the Mayor in the chair, the Town Clerk read Dr. Griffin's notice of motion in reference to Mr. Smith O'Brien. The MAYOR then read a letter from Dr. Griffin, from which the following is an extract : "My dear Mr. Mayor,—As I cannot to-day be present at the meeting of the Town Council, will you have the goodness to say that I withdraw the resolutions r lative to the secession of Mr. IV. S. O'Brien, of which I gave fif ttice. I asli , pt this course at the instance of Mr. O'Brien himself, who, the first momrnt he saw the re solutions, wrote to me on the subject, suggesting that my perseverance in moving them might, perhaps, create division in the council, and so tend to injure the cause of repeal. He at the same time acknowledged that they faithfully represented his sentiments, and therefore that he could not question their truth." P OPULATIO N OF MANCHESTER AND S ALFORD IN 1801.—We copy the following from an offi c i a l enumera tion of the population, taken for the first national census, signed "J. 'retlow, boroughreeve," and deposited in the borougmeve's chest at the Town-hall. It gives all the particulars then acertained for the census of 1801: Males. Females. Total. Manchester - 4 ,612 ... 37,848 ... Salford Totals The occupations of the 70,460 inhabitanti of Manches ter in 1801 are thus classified: —Employed in agricul• tore, 66; chiefly in trade, manufactures, or handicraft, 38,107; all other persons not in these two classes (and of course including women, aged and infirm persons, and children), 32.287. There were, in 1801, 10,455 inhabited houses, occupied by 15.509 families; and 25U uninhabited houses.—Manchester Guardian. _ _ ...... FAILURE OF THE ONION CROP--Around Bicester onions are very scarce, and consequently dear; the crops are thin, and many of them are found to be diseased. — Oxford Chronicle. Several statements have appeared in the journals containing dPplorable accounts of the health of Madile. Rachtl, and of her retirement from the Francais for a year, to enable her to pass that period in Italy. Un fortunately the health of the young tragedian has suf. feted severely, but it is hoped that a few months of absclute repose, and a quiet sojourn in the neighbour hood of Paris, will effect its restoration without report ing to the other side of the Alps. Should these hopes be realised, Madlle. Rachel will resume her place at the Francais in December.—Galignani. THE RAILWAY PIONEER. The claims of Thomas Gray, the far-seeing projector of that magnificent system which is now bringing into close communication the most remote parts of the king , dom, are daily gaining on public attention. In the Railway Record of last Saturday appears the first of a series of articles entitled "memorial of Thomas Gray, the pioneer of the railway system," and intended to set forth the special and peculiar claims which Mr. Gray has on the railway world. We give the following extract :—" In the short space of nineteen years—dating from the first-fruits of the new system in the incorpora tion of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company —we have upwards of eighty railways either completed or in progress in this country, involving a capital exceed ing eighty millions sterling. We have seen, in the Par liamentary session of 1845, an array of schemes with a capital amounting to ninety-six millions. We have had in the session which has just closed - a capital involved in the railway department of legislation at present beyond the reach of accurate estimate—vast manifestations of the enterprise of the age. Grand though the result— eqnalling the wealth-creating powers of the genii and enchanters of Eastern romance—not less strange and true is the fact that the name of him who designed it is unknown to the world, That man was Thomas Gray, who:e claims as the great Pioneer of the Railway System it is the aim of these memorials to set forth, as a humble call on the gratitude of his fellow-countrymen." The remainder of the paper is occupied with a brief sketch of the rude state of the rail or tram-way at the time Mr. Gray directed his enlightened and ingenious mind to the subject. In their next number they propose to narrate the first labours of Mr. Gray. From the same paper we also extract the following very gratifying paragraph:—" We are glad- to learn that the gentleman whose letters strongly advocating the claims of Thomas Gras, recently appeared in our columns, has after much labour, established the nucleus of a plan having for its object to secure some testimony of public gratitude to cheer the declining days of that ill-requited individual. The plan will, in a few cliys, be submitted to the various Railway Boards in the king dom; and we hope, and confidently believe, that it will not be so submitted in vain." DEER STALKING AND GROUSE SHOUTING. The gay and festive scene of the Northern Meeting last week brought together a greater number of sports• men than was ever seen at once in Inverness. Although for a time the moors gave place to the brill-room, still tie deeds on the mountains were not forgotten. The subjoined notes of sports have been received since our last notice :—On the Eskadale moors, Mr. Hutton shot on the 24 h, 30 brace of grouse, on the 25th, 37i brace, and on the 26th, 22-1 , brace. At Invercassley, Ross shire, Mr. Robertson and the Messrs. Christie have bagged 700 head. During a few days tour in the island of Lews, Major Houston and Mr. Denys bagged 210 brace of grouse. In the Corries of I)undreggan, Sir H. Meux, 13art., stalked and shot 2 stags. At Lochlaggan, the Marquis of Abercorn captured 3 stags. From the forest of Fasnakyle, Lord Bateman took 2 deer, killing them right and left, at once. In the forest of Glen- Strathfurar, Lord Lovat, the Master of Lovat, the Hon. A. Fraser, and Captain Mostyn, have had excellent sport among the red deer-12 large stages, one of them with 14 antlers, were stalked ; and on the moor, in one day, Captain Mostyn bagged 54 brace of grouse ; the fol lowing day, 43 brace and 2 hares. The sport at Invere shie has been first-rate. W. Evans, Esq., M.P., and friends, have bagged nearly 800 brace of grouse, and have stalked 13 stags on their deer ground. On the Diebdale moors, Mr. Forde shot on the 12th, 42 brace of grouse, 3 plovers, 1 hare ; on the 17th, 37 brace, and on the 19,h 35 brace of grouse. At Strathvaich, Sir St. George Gore, Bart., continues to get excellent shooting. On the 22d, he shot 64 brace of grouse and 13 hares ; on the 24th, 90i brace, a snipe, and 6 hares ; on the 25th, a double shat of stags—killing both ; and on the 27th, 81i brace of grouse and 6 hares. t Belleville, Mr. Mackildowny and friend, on August the 12th, bagged 6.5 i brace of groutie and 2 hares ; Mr. M'G. Casement and friend, 52i brace ; 13th,- Mr. Macgil downy and friend, 341 brace and a hare—Mr. M'G. Casement and friend, 41 brace ; 17th, Mr. M'G. and friend, 73 brace and 2 hares—Mr. M'G. Casement and friend, 51 brace and a hare ; 19th, Mr. Macgildowny, 34- brace and 2 hares—Mr. M'G. Casement and friend, 43 brace and a hare ; 26th, Mr. M.G. and friend, 19 brace and a hare—Mr. M'G. Casement and friend, 11 brace and a hare ; 22d, Mr. M'G. and friend, 36 brace— Mr. M'G. Casement and friend, 34i brace • 24th, Mac gildowny, 31 brace—Casement a nd friend, 37 .brace ; 23th, Mackildowny and friend, 16 brace.— lnverness Courier. LORD ROSSE'S MONSTER TELESCOPE. —ln the course of the lecture on Lord posse's Monster Teles cope, delivered a few days ago at Whitby by the Rev. Dr. Scoresby, of Bradford, the reverend gentleman described the appearance of the heavens. He remarked that the nebulae already observed were between one and two hundred, which was a great deal, considering how often observations were prevented by cloudy nights ; and that the telescope, although erected about eighteen months, had not yet been in complete operation more than three or four months, already several of the nebulae hitherto not fully examined were discovered to be a col lection of suns ; and with regard to the moon, the Doctor stated its appearance to be magnificent. It appeared like a globe of molten silver, and every object of the extent of 100 yards was quite visible. Edifices, therefore, of the size of York Minster, or even of the ruins of Whitby Abbey, might be easily perceived if they had existed. But there was no appearance of any thing of that nature, neither was there any indication of the existence of water nor of an atmosphere. There was a vast number of extinct volcanoes, several miles in breadth; through one of them there was a line in continuance of one, about 150 miles in length, which ran in a straight direction like a railway. The general appearance, however, was like one vast ruin of nature ; and many of the pieces of rock, driven out of the volcanoes, appeared to be laid at various distances. The Doctor said he expected it would soon be competent to Daguerrotype the image of the moon upon the speculum, which could not be done at present, as the moon was not stationary, but the Earl contemplated a piece of media nism to move the telescope to a certain distance, with a motion corresponding to the movement of the moon. The Doctor enlivened the lecture with many interesting anecdotes of the Earl, all of which were calculated to raise him in the estimation of his countrymen, and con cluded with an exhortation to the upper classes to sup port institutions like the present, as calculated to promote good feeling and to benefit society. EXTRAORDINARY INTREPIDITY.—A correspondent in Swansea gives us the p ar ti cu l ars o f a remarkably cou rageous action performed by a Mr. Thomas Shepherd, lately a chemist, in that town, who, returning to his lodgings, on last Tuesday evening, was surprised to find his family, and that of Mr. Rowe, in whose house he lodged, shut up in different rooms, from which they were afraid to emerge, in consequence of a dog belonging to Mr. Rowe having suddenly become rabid. Mr. Shep herd instantly determined to attempt the destruction of the furious animal, and having provided himself with a heavy hammer, and guarded his hands, he scaled the garden wall, and, watching his opportunity, threw some bed furniture over the dog, and while entangled in it, grasped him by the throat with hi s l e ft b a nd, andin flicting several heavy blows on his head with the ham mer in his right, speedily dispatched the ferocious animal. to the great delight of the household and his neighbours.—Sunday Paper. The overland (closed) mail, vi& Marseilles, for India, Hong-Kong, China, Aden, Egypt, Alexandria, Corfu, Zante, and the Mediterranean, will be dispatched from the General Post-office, St. Martin's-le-Grand, this evening, the 7th inst. General Baron Munchausen returned to Mivart's Ilotel on Saturday, from a tour in the manufactiging districts. MARKET NE WfS—(PESTE CORN EXCHANGE. lsst The arrivals of English Wheat up to our mar ket week, coastwise as well as by land carriage and sample , ; co moderately good ; those of all other -.,rticles of home prO 1: 116 small. From Ireland and Scotland, very little grain (430 to hand ; while the principal imports from abroad were to, quarters of Wheat, and 12,000 barrels of Flour. Fresh 11 1: 4r day the receipts of Wheat from our own districts Werel„ c a rablygood, and of fair average quality; yet, as the atteno.,:to of buyers was good, and the accounts respecting the Pe tio n l crop very unfavourable, the demand was brisk, at an adT ", 3s to in the quotations obtained on Monday last of from te d by per quarter, and at which a good clearance was effec orts the factors. The northern harvest appears, by the rep to , which have come to hand by this morning's post, .to b s e vlest gressing most favourably. The show of free Forei , n A ., 04 1 was not large. The causes above-mentioned,' fin" .0 the holders to be very firm, and a larger busness : ey , transacted, at 2s to 8a per quarter more i n , ° „),es About 4,000 quarters of Foreign Wheat afloat were "'ll l l at full prices, for the Belgium and French market& show of Barley was very small. The few fine parcels o '24 le r on sole went at 40s to 42s per quarter • the value of other kinds being readily supported. For dalt we hadL i o re steady sale. Prime parcels sold at Is to 2s per queri'„i v of money, and other kinds were quite as dear. Ile silk Joe Oats was small ; however, the Oat trade was brisk, at of from is to '25 per quarter. Both Beans and - I `7Bolo duced full currencies. Flour firm, and 3s to 5s per - higher. CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE . 60 0 ' 4 Wheat—Essex & Kent, Malt—Chevalier ..... Red, New.. . • 40s to 51 s Oats—Yorkshire au; 2 0 ' 2 o ,', Ditto,White, Old.. 545 60s Lincoinsh., F"`" 275 Norfolk and Lin- Potatoe ..... • • 0 ., coin, Red..... 38s 49s Youghal andCork...4s Ditto, White...... 503 54s Black. .• •• •. : 54 9:,! Irish, Red ...... • • —s —s Cork, White . •• 0 '2 . 65 F o ' • Ditto, White •• —s s Scotch, Feed. •• •. 3 05 Rye—Old .. 3os 32s Beans—Tick .• • .... 48s . 4t o New. ••• • • ....... 33s 36s Pigeons .• • • .... 395 Barley—Grinding ..... 24s 264 Pease—Grey. •••• • " • 36i 4 6s Malting . .. 31 s 34s Maple. ••• • • • •• • 425 4 0 Chevalier ........ 34s 35s White .•••• • • • • 46 5 50 Malt—Suffolk and Nor- Boilers •• • . ... 455 4 ci f01k............ 54s 60s Flour—Town-maae ••• 375 Brown . • ... • • . 53s 57s Suffolk •• • • ..... 315 Kingston and Ware 63s 643 Stocktn & Noe l° SMITHFIELD. ditto of We had on offer about 600 foreign Beasts, 2,3- 0 by 0 Sheep and Lambs, and 20 Calves. Th e q uality W means first-rate, yet nearly the whole found buYer s ' m ber3°, last week's prices. For the time of year, the n u i i n titef, home-fed Beasts on show this morning was rath er 'O eP Of 65t and of very middling quality. The attendance „ r ite was rather extensive, while the demand for tbe ti r ovs , hi Scots, &c., was very steady, at fully previous clue. t° A t ',° a n te all other kinds only a moderate business was dot„tl,", rates. From the northern counties we received au""stor'ci Shorthorns ; from the eastern districts, 300 Se_, ° %lioa horns, lee. ; from the western an s a ,„ ; counties, 600 Herefords, Runts, Devons, from other parts of England, 500 of vero u 'iquit'" The supply of Sheep was again extensive ; yet the quote trade was again very firm, at fully, but at n othhig vie able beyond, last Monday's prices. With Lamb s seasonably well supplied. All kinds moved off ettivao extreme currencies. Calves moved off freely, a t 1 0 51. prices. In Pigs very little was doing, at our quotaf Per 81bs. to sink the offal. t° 1. s.d. Inferior Beasts .... 1 , 0 3 0 • Second quality ditto 4 / 4 b Second quality ditto. 3 2 3 6 Coarse-woolledditte 4 6 Prime large Oxen.. 3 8 310 SouthdownWether s 4 6 Prime Scots . . 4 0 4 2 Ditto out of the woo l 2 8 4 10 Large coarse Calves 318 4 6 Large Hogs •• • • 8„i Prime small ditto .. 4 8 410 Small Porkers •• " , o * s Suckling Calves ..18 0 30 0 Quarter old Pigs ••, 8 " Inferior Sheep 3 6 310 Lambs .. •••• • • • • SUPPLY AT MARKET. Pigs' Beasts. Sheep. I Calves. I ji o 3,540 I 30,470 I 189 ALS s e 1,L4 NEWGATE AND LEADENg—; ,I I The past week's arrivals of country killed Mee' i ttblo on a very limited scale, and of middling quality. : a ce bid the supplies on offer killed in the metropolis bate ac seasonably extensive, the general demand has rul e obeL b and prices have had an upward tendency. Th e n isene carcases of foreign. stock have been greatly on Of 1 ,111 1 .1 arri' l • to but very deficient as to quality. The country dit-0 amounted to about 100 carcases of Beef, 3 ""150 l Mutton, 100 ditto of Lamb, 100 ditto of Yea l, arid of Pork. At per stone, by the Carcase. a,to. a. d. to s. d. ° 4 6 fleet, inferior...—. 2 8 210 Mutton, inferior ••• " 4 0 1 middling •• 3 0 3 2 middling% 4 4 4 - prime large .. 3 4 3 6 prime • 3 6 prime small .- 3 6 3 8 Pork, large • • ..... 4 Veal.. •• •• • • ...... 3 8 4 8 small •• • • ••" - Lamb. 4s 8d to 5s Bd. ,er noszotrGic AND SPITALPIZIA.n . e%', The supplies of Potatoes on sale here are tolerablYcd° sive, yet a fair business is doing in them, at price from 40s to 100, per ton, in bulk. „4, 4 110FLOUGII HOP Widi.Hltnl i. 4' ttf About 2,000 pockets, of new Hops have alreau.,,, pie here, and very large supplies (as picking has I?ec°eel‘•,,p , general) are expected in the course of the proem", it j 3 C oe few complaints of the produce have reached as, lA- 11 ; it y. sidered that it kill be large, and of excellent (1u 3 ;" 0 30,41 transactions in new Hops have not been to say e: ; n ` . , per; j l from 51 lOs to 61 103 for Kent, and 4115 s to 51 ':bieb:e for Sussex pockets. In yearling and old Hops 00 ; 1 1; 0 be purchased on lower terms, so little is doing , t'-daty tations are almost nominal . Our estimate of the under : £98,000.. 6 000 22,00 0 11,0 00 3,000 Kent Sussex.. Worcester Farnlmm Kingdom £195,000 doa WOOL. • as Very few arrivals of Wool have taken place Ol to opetve. from any quarter during the past week, and the cl e ,,tee,o' offer in the private contract market is not to e 3 Y. All kinds have met a very dull sale, and prices are d culty supported. About 20,000 bales of Colonial al Wool will be offered at the a pp roac hi ng pu blic sa' e will commence on the 9th instant. TALLOW. t; 7 l This market. continues very firm. Fine Y.C. for l p had under 42s for old, and 42s 6d for new. .° octo p delivery the price is 423 6d for separate 444 04 ;t 1 ,r s v et Op' November, and December. Town T a llow i r 4ell ices are be,)t The market at St. Petersburgh is firm; ; 7[4 cost W ill paid for One Yellow Candle Tallow, and ' proach very nearly 42s 6d laid down here. - r 1 0 l a ve, Dr. Bledow, one of the finest chess P vg" Europe, has recently died at Berlie. the t° e fel BREAD.—The consumption of bread -n tan 10. 5 0 1 polls is 855.468,7501b5., or 213,867,187 41" r l i - dig l i ol yearly. This quantity o f b rea d, it equ e-1 among the population of London, would t o es 8421b5., or 85 loaves yearly, or 15 ounces da ) person. ALARMING AND EXTENSIVE FIRE - 5 , oil- , 01 BATH, SEPT. 6.—A ver y alarming and e l ' e s eaP 0' broke out a t t en o ' c l oc k last night in a la r g e c illo ac f candle manufactory in the Town-close in this t g ifo' pied by Mr. Butcher. The alarm was fir a s sta° Vl o about ten o'clock by a man who had observe,. a nd t " suing from the basement story of the beildiuPre e 4,6 01 gave the alarm to the police. The various , 11 ; 0eag i :i e t# of the several insurance companies and paraeu' t i o es f ee were speedily on the spot, and the utmost o er of fr used to subdue the flames, which, howev er '„cti ° oft quence of the large tanks of oil and the cvs- ni l i vg tallow &c., on the premises, burnt with alar7 or eap At the Theatre Royal, which adjoins thes s ,:` c ola t o! Madle. Flora Fabri and the Drury-lane bal l , e ' va titdi were performing the ballet La Diable a '5O roe crowded audience, the performance being for lig f Ae ll of Madle. Fabri ; the light of the flameS har t io jr „ r ee its way into the windows of the theatre, an an itat, of the burning materials combining with it, 9 ,000 4, sion was produced that the house was on fire. 0 0 , o ci prevailed both among the audience and ur,t/h s od ea $ 4 , and the theatre was speedily emptied of he,"„; be e , 4 0 0 1 and performers. The amonnt of damage '1'1)0 variously estimated that no accurate sum can sov i ,f ot , it must, however, have been considerable'„Ke alarming and extensive fire has not occurre d "", tb ° many years. Fortunately, no lives were W s "' dab e t two or three men were much injured. no f r i f SHAKING HANDS WITH A PUILE.---`,; ‘ , of j elf evening, an enthusiastic admirer of the Da: - r° lington, hearing he had, on going throug' so ilof; stopped at the Stars, ran with breathless has te 'ot into the truth of the matter, when the f o llow l 0900 colloquy took place :—Enthusiast (breathlesarellit? dear Miss Webb, i s i t true t h at t h e D u ke of stopped at yo ur h ouse to •d ay ? Miss " Sir, it is true, for I shook hands with him' —My dear Miss Webb, have you shaken 11 0 )1 1) ;( anybody since? Miss Webb—No, indeed, Sir' ho ka..lo • Enthusiast—Then, my dear Miss Webb, do s tv # le' s with me. And immediately gave her a hea r jrlf ° lO O , the hand, and on the Sunday morning wa s : t PA ° , post, almost rampant, to have a real grasp at of the Noble Duke ; we believe that he $ ll O Devonshire Chronicle. 17 ,4 .! [ADVERTISEMENT.]—CITRES FEABi r , - , 0 10', 1 ;r., SORES IN MALTA, BY lioLLowAY's PILLS AND IP Duncan, whose husband is employed in her Mrkie' t i r is 00P:O. d ett Malta, suffered for more than two years from u lcer° , d D/ 0 feet. She formerly resided at Corfu, and was trea t ,fi o r practitioners there, from whom, however, she der„ o fP,„ of, whatever, when, after using five or six boxes and t rawo Pills and Ointment, a perfect cure was effected. o f °rill' statement is so notorious in Malta that the e ditor r ,oi m.h o Mail" newspaper was induced to in se rt the Part icui :o B- in his paper of October 31st, 1845.-Sold by all ofessor Holloway's establishment, 244. Strand. Lui- C A tft i° 2 , " BIRTHS. 150.7 O f 0' C On the 3d inst., at Stonehouse, rayon, th e T. M. C. Symons, R.N., of a daughter. o f O 1, On the 3d inst., the lady of Or. Ridg e, ,e square, of a son. f O rt ' , 4 . On the 3d inst., at Harrow-park, the ladyo Or Harris, Esq., of a son. On the 3d inst., in Eaton-square, the I°7 of 944 art' General Caulfeild, C. 8., of a daughter. , ur co p On the 4th inst., at Dover, the wife of G. S.' . ,I G. of a son. fe " , 1 1 On the 4th inst., at Sydenham, Kent , the W I iir ip Gilbert, Esq., of a daughter. o d Aft ° ' On the 4th inst., at Avon, near Ringviro , Th os`' Dent, of a son. wife 01 On the sth inst., in Cambridge-square, th e Ent*isle, Esq., of a son ---------------------Cl3,tpg_fletPj MARRIED. On the 2d inst., at Stoke Damerel, p e voleqlOo r o F t ° James Cruttwell, Esq., of the Inner Temple, 1,1 3 . of . 0 Anne, eldest daughter of Captain Sanders, It'• '' I Pili Damerel aforesaid. 4 d' e li o On the 3d inst., at Holy Trinity churc h, BromPtSo i Farmer, Esq., of the Post-office, Edinburgh, to Elizabeth Rutlidge, of Pelham-road, Brompton. r 10 P DIED On the 4th inst., at North-street, Virestneins te r, , t , Hammond, aged 59. Ic o l f 0 r I On the 3d inst., Christopher Willis, Esq. , °- _ a rtis 4 1 On the 4th inst., at the Ambassadors '- 0 o , James's Palace, Catherine Amelie Moret. i o f VP oli Riddle o :On the 4th inst , Lucy, e ld es t daughte r Oh On the 4th inst., at the Vicarage , of Blackfrars-road a via t the Rev. Robert Clarke Caswall, LL.B., ag e i d , r ,' Perillir'' 0 On the sth inst., at Norwood, Surrey, A"e"..,, e El: J. Lawsei;,' 10 On the 4th inst., at Clapham W. 11 * On the sth inst., Ralph, second son or ' li,. f Mapleton, Rector of Christchurch, Surrey. I v. A p. ~,G of - r e," -- ------ -,-n yOtr'' 4 „' ttio . '- London : Printed and Published by 1,111 ,,,, ',.....nd,'• oak Strand, Printer, at The Sun Mice, /0.112. D".. 0 1 Tli of the Savoy, ill the Cettaty of Aticidlole44 teiuDer 8, 1646. West L _B. E i