The Sun. — London, England, 1852-09-06 00:00:00

17 XWGILTE For the time of year, tair average supplies of aY,t tie oft gal° in these markets; but their general condi m—specially that of Bent and Veal—ia very inter Lr. 'rho deman d is sLady, et Friday's advarice in tha qtrJ tatione. At per atone by the Carcase. beet S. d. to s. d. I S. A. ' l . I "r•••••• 2 4 2 6 Mutton,inferior .. 210 3 0 Middling • •• 2 8 210 • 3 2 3 8 Prinielarge •• 3 0 3 2 ! prime •• 310 4 2 Pr. Prime small .• 3 4 3 6 Pork, 1arge........ 2 8 3 0 '4••• ••• •• •• •• •• 2 8 4 0 tTuail •• •• •• 3 2 3 8 Lamb. 4s 21 to 5s 20. zilMozrGu nop 1,2 A, .7 • . S iee our last report, several pockets of new Hops have • lour arrived from Kent. The finest parcels of good co b h ones a " antted hands at 8/. but low and mouldy gose at 61 per Cwt. In Kent and Sussex picking i e L . , d e b ra e i g iy etteral in a few days. As a large Produce expected, the duty his advanced to 240,0001 m a i r i ne Y e arling and all other kins d e rf Hops are very dull' , from 105 to 12s per cwt lo Very SEIMDS. • Clover .evr transactioas have as yet taken place in . new Seed. New Trefoil may bo quoted at 21s to 235, 7:are li s t et Mustard stard Seed, 8s to Ils; and new winter for ilia 8 e Lfuseed steady, at from 44s to 44s i 6.1 bilner-tel ue34 'uld Calcutta, and 46s for Bombay. Cakes /4, 111 ,ate rats. te• Per bush. 8s to lls kltnar dAro . n —• 103 12s tp Whit n 9s -area ew •• • • .. Rs m p ' - r, -- ,;` r ' n ew•• • 8s Od 9sod s'ea , % ll- ' •• •• •• • ••• 3s 6d 4s Od itye-•••,,pr guar .. 373 42s C lirre gra3s • • •• • • • •- • • 283 315 v% itt:EZ,. (Mt.) 3lie 483 Vo r •••••••• •• 283 63 - ‘B l llted.. ▪ 38 3 48s 4.41011 new • 373 463 " •• •• •• 213 233 - "`"M Th. OTIG•31 AND SPITALFIELDS. th e accounts from most parts of the country are . dtwe vte et that the disease has not made much progress ba t ,lg t he Past wee k . Th ese mar k ets are we ll supplied, fail" Pota toes generally continue email in size. A to 1438 :verage ton. easiness is doing at previous rates, viz., 60; Per Carraway, new ...... Coriander, new ••••• • • Hempseed, per quarter Linseed, Eng• Sowing• • Crushing .. • . • • • • Baltic • • .. •• Odessa .. •. •• •• • Linseed Cake, pr. ton— English •• . 71 5s 8/ Cs 35s 383 1 iS 32s 3Ts 508 551 451 4tks 42s 4f , s 448 4S, Foreign, per ton 71 Os 81 Os Rape Cakes, pr ton 4/63 41 s Rapeseed,New,prlst 22110 s 24; Os `duo "°?? qualities of colonial, as well ss English 4r° moderate request, for the i3h owi e .r g• The demand on the part of our ni,..inu, itipp op -•,and the late decline in prices is withdifficult} Lag 'ru• Last week's imports into London were itoul67,l"a listiaburgh', 1,761 bales from Sydney, 1,136 4(tibourne, 5 trom Jamaica, and 18 from Oiessa. () 4 6 4 for the' pot, P. Y. C. is steady, at from 39s 3d to 39. 1 4 4 - ° 4l , and 39s 9.1 for new. For forward delivery, 88, r , are sellers at 393 32 per cwt. Town Tallow iz Ittw a r t er c wt . , net cash; Rough Fat, 23 2.1 per 81bs. The Rentrallieounts from Sc. Yetershurgh state that holders *eras ? were very firm, and that the total shipment,f. Peti o ,l l ll 15 ,818 casks, against 21,492 ditto to the same "--.2„:„LLa 1851. at, k this hieN l Of (1 47 ...... 1 15,369 I . 0. s- 45s 6d belh, .• ' ' t to 03 Od bittoe2l_, last week .. 1 2,819 441.1„:.r,una Jane 1.. . • 23,827 tilti.t? le,st week -. 2,729 lb,. '.°4l . l llne 1.. 31,165 -.4 or T ova .... „ 478 6d Ti 1848 1849. 1850. 1851. 27,350 24,212 3ms 3d 37s 6:1 to 33s Od to37s 9,1 1,459 , 2,002 17,239 18,859 2,441 , 2,374 19,118 j 17,748 40s Od 393 6d j 30,774 I 39,679 38s 9i to 39s 3d 398 Od 'to 3956 d 2,722 1,307 19,938 16,386 630 1,099 14,179 15,887 33s fid 418 Od Si g 'ID THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. tok") -- -it will , perhaps, be interesting to the public . ; her a il l ° w the mot i ves which actuate the so-called Li Pr e , - tapers i n their attacks uron the President of the 4 ter, ,_,lt'!public. The Times is silent upon the mat i4.-iug although the cause of so much virulence may keteg ft ,P le d, We are left to conjecture; but the Dai l y wed tl ' s rn ore candid, for in that part of the paper of " wesdaY devoted to France, it says— . 4 1oe er e the reign of the second Napoleon likely to bf Ithatg', there 'night be some eolid motives ior sorm d „ k c e i kio,, t 'Y l lN the censure du to his . liberticide acts, an 4 4 WV ° 117 e on better term- with . him; but this na leree 0:11"er endure the imperial high pressure, ad a c t , h lt teli fauet far distant a political boiler constructed , T orhtettsiu;" materials and subjected to such an enorn.ou,. It el' i lau at explode. That epoch must enter into kill dilation." • 4 ter eh il th, paltry reason assigned, if reason it can 1411 nation for attacking with so much spite the ruler , I ltly otill:rn.ithat it would be frightful for us to be o h e , l 4iti ~, ,'_ean the most cordial terms with. Such - ,lts ~,„. cardly deserves comment, for it carries with '4l O "tZt cond'e And so, forsooth, the Daily t i c 1 oe f t a ll B e rti—oltksicait w c rrt a h ti t ° w n h ' ile to make an enemy of one base it expee i t ao h r e ta w n ili pe m r a so ih n t s ai i h n Europe, because it position, and be -144 1 1 1 thin hs there is no danger. hiB Why the T i m e s I, til !eB : ( 3 ) t ,,, ef the English papers should give t em ti 'las T ',eh trouble, and get so e . xcited about Vat th",, °n , 18 Napoleon, I cannot conceive, unless it e r4 ill ~ "s' l ln f the thing, or that they think Dr. ; 4 44 11 e. the Irishpress have created a taste for 4 tlr'ir.and abuse in P England that must be gratified kv risk, I ) aohje t • 1 44 of ii e In writing to you is not to convict any I ) to t S ar i t il i itis tice and inconsistency. The incessant . th e r,s.e t o ides and their intemperance are sufficient to t,. •ln,„1, e that what I believe is really the case, that tii• t4 a - o N rl B _, ll . People generally have yet to be converted 1, 18 a r ' l nus that the Times preten s., . 041 8 o ti e• dto have upon that • f t the do not believe Prince t o , kki a 0 4. ,14EC , y . L gt) tro I ) i ton capable of shedding the blood of . his 17 reedytieu Merely for selfish ends, although he might 1; 44 eli,„ () .„,clo so to restore that order in the country ithstat foiY.xrenchman that had anything to lose was 1 1;Y is p r o " do they yet believe that the French lit i 11 P l ecl by no nobler aspirations than to Ilebiati„atilloriu his ' position a that happened to be a 4 ' Englishiale one that lived nian half a century ago. ,illeral people have yet to to b e convinced that his country, as the 14t : lei tia ague° is a traitor to has bartered its h l'est B tea to assert, a -•44 4 considers it as 0 $ because 4 0, h• b e now co fo rhs -le .. , duty to support the President -!ett ill.,Arrly did to oppose him.. No, Sir, my sole Oty D 'Writing b i e n i nt ite b t 0 with principle and is to complain, in common 2 4 t 117 tlglishmn that such want of la first %0 courtesy Should continue ; for, e V We are sick ht 4 We th , and tired of never le to e morning kt.ttithout seeing g paper we are accustomed column of eternally column after Vtieirsest invective against a Prince that, after has tile don e us no hrm but who,the contrary, Il li h h imself creme favourable on i ift ee . e xcyu English all, to a day per- N o I and, secondly, We may have one . re. Zt theregret that a few journals which did t qge t 4 11 1 1 inions of the people should draw us n ev o ithin would i t ,Oli eri Et catastrophe which, end as it might, and lasting th 4 qie t tl ' injury to both countries; f or Octvioiethe opinion of naany that had it not been fo r , lisv o e k e nf the English journals a collision might It the D "eh necessary when France was governed . bilthe san e napoleon. N0v0162 the French Lkola i,.."'s labour were bestowed by What should we think beloved )I,7erein,hl4 undermining the euthority . 4 74 6 ' 4, 4 -,! l s t6re is by the English in of _th o o e u m i r r attack merely kiroatilln.rresident of the French ? i It r Ilt) ~l_.et I believe to be the cause .d of t truth—l 45 : 111 s t i l7 l - Ttlza n of the French President, fur I am N,_,lleckecialthe ribaldry of the Englis.i._plrewssesrheoduel,-1 I L, to to tt i u , Public opinion, if Napoleon 1 411:411) a interests et. the P r i nce Louis whereas . ‘ o 4 llo le, tZllzious for it to continue, and the more k,,4 that ire better for there is no Vat 1 ,,, HO likt,ly to keep President in his paper in the the as NN l : i64 ,:• iti ,? n, or to conduct him to Empiretheld aturally ef' t 4lf ' t or the French nation would lay,6 a°lle/e d by the insults offered n to their from frit 01atinnal feeling would be . aroused , and It No le de • tl i h. t afl i , et re to prove their independence . of t Nli m t l 41, would rally round him and freely L t°l k ,Scli' suPport, which, left,to themselves, many 17 lt,' , kri 01;? ° Bad to refuse. The liberal papers should `tlissiiCat(L'pnue of France, for if any country is it to is iir .a '".' wit h anxiety and even suspicion ek h , . °tl rs, Sim, , V grove. C. AV. s . •At I '4 -------..'"--.--.........____.......—.. Si lio tl *ith k T, 4 4 t„ t ite,h -tikTRE.--Mr. Henry Russell, who has , 4 te,„ t ‘ lie pp ucearadeled success, has announced a repeti ;4° t o ii' e tti titles a t week o f hi s mus i ca l and pictorial en_t n e 9 r -- The Progress of an Emigrant from E 5 t,, 1.1 $ . 4 : West. ORD.. , ti 4ill o 4 B iT•l° Waxt —A requisition is . in pr h o is 01,1viethl,14,,if --•-tltlgellpStlheriff t1„440k, e tford of Wexford to call a meeting of . . ott4 ~., ot tPose of promoting railway commuruca ~1 •Oft h 4 tt MAJESTY: g en " ~, ,,Zio u ,..0 3 t Of TO HER .. 4 at "e v. ! ta le of Neale, who bad been living for many i t * the 'et ait o , 10, ta li ad v . a Y f Ashford, in Kent, died one day last "'s - ken e stlay • - eed age of upwards of 70, and was buried possessed of Op p eti e , tefo,t,lc the parish church. He 4 4 4 tii' e 4t leattoe, which has been calculated was at a million Ni l ° oh t ' e ra il t ,. Ile was of very eccentric habits, and . 4 .-1,0 1et 8 "t his will it appeared, h had lo t Ztli ii.en tiv: l l l3, t of many persons present, that e kiCti o ; batt le t to the great dismay of 100/. each, to two gentlemen ~,let,,,efhi4,,aPpointed executors, to see to the due per -1,5'111,, "' laj a n'noeral rites, and left the whole of the re d )041 ~`,.r ° ,.PertY to the Queen.—Sunday Paper. -oltr)cillgtt,l-4Dnadale gave permission last week to liktt4lOett'etiip,4-44ebvisitors at Brougham Hall to shoot over h lik t wtt h . ,_ endantly stocked preserves. The Hon. ltA"ltt 3 ' vtk: li ed joined the Earl at the Castle, where a li k k t,4l4, s aeaenlbled to enjoy the sports of the field. t 1.1 % 141 i 1 t -k zn kltjal) Alr•—•:-ASEAssINATION IN TIPPE ,och at N ',.:CN -,egsof this da briefly announces that Callag tlkttltltoCtZcaa' ileae shot Yesterday evening on his own pro t,o i,iti4loli4tiouraierea g u e t ht s i e s v m e miles from Clonmel. The a n nwas a_stipendiary magis- NO' of e cea sed ..0 tit tV7O years ago. It is stated in town til e 1; 114 4 (l eo "18related to the influential Roman Catholic Ot t rna '444 - 41411 " . Van, Esq., of Inch House, a deputy. lt t lior., cod e ; g strate cif iipperary. His offence against kt,t,l)4;tf am , As not stated. oftk at b 3 / 4 4(1 .Y . 0 4 1 41,1 I ..ar„n„b_ B rougham are entertaining a se -40. Vit ' ij t • ci WZlcfaal.lll' t rail' t h lf 1 1 , r, lia k , t en, Sir Charles Taylor,. Westmoreland. The Earl of Bart., and Mr. amongst the y the Nobl e rooehain and family, are a • a t klsti l - 64 t11 end Learned Lord intends to remain I l_e a ott.cwrrtil after the celebration of his birth-day on , tp Kr. Neat, st nut he leaves for London en route to Paris ,e. Jean %Lines. 4 4 1 th e n Sti I14:'I, (1 ,1, i .t !art, Q.C., has bean appointed to 11 14 ~.,4 1 )ep, e Sir 'lame Parker, as Vice• Chancellor . ‘'tlf) 1 V t4 "e ll „ eaa,."k IN E , Th have been t o - 44' tt ie -a of ch_ie ENGLAND. —There LA), ep ht _ sy rt _u ra In the Isle of Axl,olme; in ,soro.ce P , k ,coaa til ; .uins very much resembled the Am/1.0 . litt it ent alrtnior, complaint prevails at Thorne ek )114,! :1(1 that deaths, after the lapse of a very Yo rem ted from it.--Lincolnshire Chronicle. SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS TIMES.—The Usher of the Black Rod could not have been many steps from the door of the House of Commons when that assembly, by a last act of ex piring life, accorded its imprimatur to a statistical suggestion of Sir William Melesworth's. In its ap parent purport the motion of the Hon. Baronet scarcely exceeded the limits of commonplace fern:, and its visible result is confined to five pages of very plain-looking figures. But in actual substance these figures import more than they express, and they con vey also incidentally several pieces of desirable in formation for which the public and its representatives have often been a good deal to seek. The return in question simply specifies the " number of her Majes ty's troops who have been employed in the colonies of Great Britain in each of the years 1848, 1849, and 1850, and what cost for pay, as well as Cotnmiseariat Expenses to Great Britain." The object of Sir William Molesworth in procuring these certificates was, of course, to illustrate the direct pecuniary ex pense at which a vicious colonial system is currently , maintained, and this point is undoubtedly well ex hibited in the returns before us. To put the results in a concise and comprehensive shape, we may state that in the last year for which accounts are ren dered—that is to say, the financial year 1849.50 the troops employed in the colonies cost, for pay, al lowances, and contingencies, the sum of 1,329,650/ In the official dialect of the War-office ' however, " her Majesty's troops" are not understood to include artillerymen or engineers. This description of force pertains to the " Office of Ordnance" in speciality, and from the latter department, therefore, Sir Wil liam obtained a supplementary return of 122,6701. expended upon the Royal Artillery, 19,602/. upon the Sappers and Miners, and 51,9891. upon the En gineers employed in the British colonies during the year in question. But this is still not the end of the reckoning. The troops so employed must be main tained and supplied, and the duty of such mainte nance devolves on the "Commissariat" department. So the disbursements of the " Commissariat chest" were furnished by the Treasury, and completed the information desired by Sir William Molesworth, by showing 1,568,3801. as the cost of such ser vice during the three years referred to. Taking half a million, therefore, as the yearly average of this last outlay, and adding to this sum the items mentioned above, we shall get a total exceeding 2,000,000/. sterling as the cost of our military garrisons in 1850. Sir William, it will be perhaps recollected, used to set the gross expenditure on this head at a sum nearer three millions than two, and there would be no great difficulty in justifying such alcelculation; but we are more concerned at present with the records immediately before us and with the curious details of information which these facts con vey. In the first place, it unfortunately requires to be remembered that the returns under consideration do not comprise any account of the Kafir War, so that the heaviest exemplification of our colonial responsibility is excluded from the schedule. Omitting this formidable charge, we should find some consolatory prospect in the gradual decrease of demands, for whereas the chief item, that of the troops' pay, stood at 1,404,8541. in 1848, it had dropped to 1,390,7691. and 1,329,6561. in 1849 and 1850 respectively. From the same figures, too, we may collect that the general pro portion of our military force diverted to the colo aies from the put poses of home defence had not of late been increased, and that any augmenta tion, therefore, of our home resources must have been suggested by other considerations. The troops employed in the colonies were 39,591 in 1848 ; 30,400 in 1849, and 38,752 -in 1850. On the other hand, however, it appears from the re turns that the artillery force on these stations was materially increased, the muster rolls showing a strength of 3,330 in 1850, though there had been but 2,987 in 1849, and only 2,748 in 1848; so that the colonies took at least their due share of the general augmentation given to the Ordnance corps in the year last mentioned. The next point of interest lies in the proportionate rates of strength at which these garri ions are maintained. Our colonial possessions appear o be classified in the War-office as North American, West Indian, Mediterranean, and African, Austra lian, Miscellaneous. The former of th ese military , divisions, though so considerabl e i n extent, popula tion, and important?, requires a smaller amount of force than is absorbed in our insular dependencies in she Mediterranean. In 1850 there were 5,209 men in Canada, 1,565 in Nova Scotia, 1,124 in Bermuda (which is attached to this division), 528 in New Brunswick, 326 in Newfoundland, and 82 in Prince Edward's Island. Altogether this Transatlantic army would muster 1,804 bayonets. The West Indies take 5,622, of which 1,673 are quartered in Jamaica and 1,216 in Barbadoes, but these numbers include three black regiments employed on this sta tim only. In the Mediterranean we have, or at least we had in 1850, 9,007 troops, divided almost equally between Gibraltar, Malta, and the lonian Islands—a force' which it would be interesting f - o contrast with the garrisons of Lille or Strasburg. At the Cape of Good Hope we had an army of 4,384 men, which may now be multiplied by three, and in the rest of Africa something less than 1,000. Our vast Australian Empire, with all its then undisco vered treasures, had a garrison of 3,985 soldiers, of which 1,976 were occupied in bush fighting with the savages of New Zealand. One regiment, and one only, we believe, has since been dispatched to the gold mines, and as this was embarked on a Government steamer, our Australian force will still probably re main for some time what it was at the period of Sir William Molesworwtlahh might'sreturns. almostThei , Miscellane ous' possessions, which termed " Eastern," are soon di s p ose d of. Ceylon, which the reader will recolle c t i s no t included i n the as well dominions of the East India Company, finds em ployment for 3,268 men (i ncu di ng a anep 3 admirable Malay riflemen), M aur iti us for 1 1 73 of and Hong Kong, our latest " annexation,"' fo r 7, 947. In turning to the figures f urn i s h ed by the Ordnance-office, our at y tention is fir s t attracted to the nipplement thus given to the ordinary esti mates of the year. These annual documents do not specify th e numbers of the Ordnance corps employed at home and abroad respectively, but we now see that the latter constitute little more than one-fourth of the entire strength, so that the artillery force at home must be of a respectable amount. The 3,330 gunners em ployed abroad in 1850 were distributed pretty evenly aver 17 stations, Canada with 635, and Gib ra l tar w i th 480, being the large exceptions. Ceylon, however, had only 103; while the Cape had 205. Malta, the lonian Islands, and Jamaica, had each between 200 and 300; Bermuda, Nova Scotia, end the Mauritius, be tween 150 and 200. As to the Engineers, their pecu liar destinies are curiously illustrated by the figures be fore us. The reader is doubtless aware tirat by this title are designated the officers of a corps whose privates are the Sappers and Miners, but so stragely do their duties distribute them over the face of the globe, that more, perhaps, were congregated togs 'her in the Great Exhibition than in any other European or Asiatic quarters. In 1850, 13 of these meritorious soldiers were assigned to New Zealand, 14 to South Australia, and 39 to China, while, as lately as 1848, eight of them, without an officer, were left on the Falkland Islands to take care of that happy settlement and themselves. Their officers are scat tered still more extensively. In the two provinces of Canada there are, it is true, actually 30 of them, and there are 10 at Gibraltar, and 11 at the Cape; but with these exceptions the members of this distin guished corps rarely come within sight of each other. The stations of the Bahamas, St. Vincent, Granada, Tobago, St. Lucia, Antigua, St. Kitt's, Dominica, Bahia, Demerara, Trinidad, St. Helena, and New South Wales, have one each ; there are two in Newfoundland, three in Barbadoes, and four in China. Such are the several arrangements of our colonial garrisons—costly, no doubt, to this country, and yet but imperfectly proportioned to the duties abroad. Whether any better system can be devised some future session of Parliament will probably show. HERALD.—There is a witty saying attributed to Lord Palmerston with reference to the proverbial prone ness of our countrymen to embroil themselves with the local authorities of the countries which they visit—" It seems to be recognised," said he, " that it is the privi lege of a travelling Englishman to get into scrapes wherever he goes, and the duty of his Foreign Secretary to get him out of them again immediately." If our kinsmen of the Union always had a Daniel Webster for their Minister of Foreign Affairs, it would, we fear, soon pass into a proverb, that the most conspicuous part of their Foreign Secretary's duties was to utter extrava gances not warranted by facts, merely in order that the President and Cabinet might explain them away, and contradict and check their colleague in as deeorous a manner as possible. Hardly has the excitement sub sided which Mr. Webster so needlessly and so wantonly blew into a flame on the subject of our colonial fishe ries when he again compromises his dignity as a states man, and even his reputation as a man of the most common historical knowledge , by t h e astounding esss.whmichaeahuel Macaulay betrays remarks respecting Burk©th Peruvian e ignorance isles and n o r rashness s obo that his early productions ar e marked b y p recocious seriousness of thought and gravity of style, whereas the compositions of his latter years di s p la y all thfire and imaginativeness of youth. If we substitute folly and temerity for the qua lities last mentioned , there wi be a . parallel b e t ween t h e revo l u tion noticed in the sty le of Burke's eloquence and that now observable: in the cha racter of Mr. Webster's conduct and statesmanship. He was weighty and well considered in his youth, distin guished for a logical manner, and an imposing air of re flection. Ile has now suddenly burst forth, and broken loose into a hair brained his reckless in his state ments and dan gerous in his counsels; and unquestionably in this business of the Lobos Islands, we have every reason to be proud, as Englishmen, of the contrast existing b etween the positions respectively assumed by the Foreign Secretaries of the two countries. When a pplication was made to Lord Malrnesbury to induc e him to recognieo clai=s of proprietorship, or rather of common right, to those i s l an d s , w hi c h c l a i ms, if well-founded, would have secured certain benefits, he very properly eliminated the consideration of the benefits altogether, looking in the first place to the question of justice. Our readers will recollect the strange r easoning; of Mr. Webster in his speech at Marshfield, when, having stated the import ance, the wealth, the advantage of the fisheries of Nova Scotia, &c., he seemed thereby to have in his own mind completely settled a question of right, and to have proved (it he proved anything), that trespass and rob bery must, for such gains, be protected, even at the cost of war. It is the argument that when a possession is proved to be rich de facto, then it is proved to he American de jure. Now in this new matter of the Lobos Islands, ho appears to remain faithful to the same theory. He was quite overpowered by the statement of the advantages which would accrue to his countrymen if they had the monopoly of the guano of Lobos. There is en evident contusion in his ideas respecting rightful property and profitable possession. Be does not say " Such islands are ours, for such reasons; and let us make the most of them." But " Had we such islands, we should make a great deal of them; therefore they are ours." The manner in which Mr. Webster then proceeds to substantiate the novel claim of the United States to what is unquestionably not theirs, nor ever was, is quite astonishing in a statesman whom the world supposed to be at least as well versed in history as any ordinary schoolboy. "It is probable," says he, " that these islands were first discovered in the year 1823, by Francis Morsel, jun., citizen of the United States." Did ever a celebrated orator and politician so wonderfully stultify himself, so justly expose him . _ _ . self to universal fl,d enduring ridicule? The Lobos Islands first discovered some thirty years ego! and discovered by a citizen of the Union! Long before the Union had eitizms at ell, and even before that part of America had British colonists, the Lobos blends had not only been discovered, but wore well known to all navigators. It is literally true to say, that these islands were set down in maps before there was any map of the Union in existence, or even of those countries which now constitute the Union. "It is probable," to use Mr. Webster's phrase with rather better authority than he could produce, that the first European who really dis covered the Lobos Islands was Diego do Almagro, the celebrated fellow-adventurer of the still more celebrated Francisco Pizarro, just three centuries before the won derful voyage of " Francis Morrel, jun., citizen of the United States," and about three hundred and thirty years before the present time. It is certain that Alma- gro descended upon the Island of St. Galin, and explored all the neighbouring waters off the main land of Parses, and the river and roadstead of Pisco. In those waters lie the islands of Lobos, or the sea-wolves, whoso very name, with its lupine import, was bestowed on them by the Spanish adventurers in question. To come down nearer to our own times, but ball 137 years ago, or 110 years at least before Francis Morref's convenient discovery, we find sufficient mention of the Lobos Islands in M. Frezier's " Voyage to the South Sea, and along the Coasts of Chili and Peru, in the years 1712, 1713, and 1714"—an authentic and de servedly esteemed work, of which a translation was published in London 135 years ego. M. Frtzier was en gineer in ordinary to Louis XIV. At page 179 of the translation just mentioned we find the following passage:—. " Eight leagues to the northward of it (the mountain La Mesa de Dona Maria) is the island Lobos, or Wolves, being a league and a half north-west from Morro Quemado, or Burnt Headland; it Is indifferent high, &c. Between the island and the headland there are flat and very low rocks, which stretch out towards the continent, half-Way this channel, leaving a passage through which many ships have gone, mistaking it fur that between the island of St. Gallan and the continent of Paraca." Several minute particulars: of the situation of Lobos and of the neighbouring shoal water, are then given; and a chart of Maraca and the coasts, &c., is annexed. Finally, Lord Anson describes the Lobos Islands in 1742. We seriously recommend Mr. Webster to enter at once upon a course of light, but useful, reading. Macklin, the actor, began to learn Greek when he was some seventy years old. So, certainly, the well-informed Foreign Secretary of the Union ought no: to shrink from making himself acquainted, if not with the history of the principal discoveries of the 16th century, at least with some of the more palmary books of travel which have since been written for the amusement and instruc tion of the world. If he persists in the course ho has unadvisedly entered he runs the risk of, perhaps, soon mooting the question, whether some American citizen was not the first ditcoverer of Yarmouth and its herring fishery; and we are ready to admit that Mr. Webster did discover the Lobos Islands for the first time in 1852. NAVAL iN `I'II;LLIIik:INCE. APPOINTMENTS. Naval Instructor —Henry A. Speed has been re appointed to the Hogue, 60, screw steam guard-ship, Devonport. Paymaster —Harrington R. Jones, to the Electra, 12, Sheerness. Clerk—James Ray, to the Termagant, 24, screw steam. frigate, Portsmouth. Midshipmen—Edward Denny, to the Waterloo, 120, flag-ship, Sheerness; G. E. B. Potts, to the Niger, 14, screw-sloop, Portsmouth; Percy Luxmoore and James Ray to the Termagant. Gunner—Abraham R. Mills, to the Highflyer, 21, screw-frigate, Portsmouth. The 50-gun screw-frigate Imperieuse, built at Dept ford Dockyard, will be launched on the same day as the screw three-decker Windsor Castle, 140, from Pem broke—namely, on the 14th instant. The Iwperieuse, like the Windsor Cattle, will be the first ship of her class afloat, and, we trust, they will be the precursors of many really good, serviceable, and lasting men-of war, turned out of the royal dockyards under the sur veyorship of Sir Baldwin Walker. The launch of such ships proves the gross and ruinous folly of repairing, at so extravagant a cost, mere sailing ships like the Van guard, Vernon, Cambrian, &c. We must not forget that our friends on the other side of the Channel are still in advance of us in screw ships afloat, for whilst they have their Charlemagne, 90, in actual commission, their Napoleon, 92, which is running at the rate of 14 English miles an hour, with their Austerlitz, 100, to be launced on the 13th instant, we have only the Sanspa reil, 81, in anything like a serviceable condition. But better late than ever. The jury spars for rigging the Windsor Castle at Pembroke, which ship will come round to Ports mouth, are now being put on board the Simoom screw steam troopship, Captain Kingcome. Sixty seamen riggers will also go round in the Simoom to rig and na vigate the Windsor Castle, and this short run will tho roughly test the machinery and engines of the Simoom before she is employed to take troops to the Cape. Lieutenant William G. Crowder (1848), senior of the piratical and engaged in felucca on the coast of Africa in 1848, for which he obtained Megeera, who died at M elville Hos p ital, Chatham, on Monday last, was acting l ieutenant of the Ra p id, serv ing as command supernumerary o f aboatat th in n e c t atu h p eP r h e ilnine of al, promotion. lie was the third son of the late Colonel Crowder, K.IL, of Brotherton, Yorkshire, and was in his 29th year. Arrogant, 36, screw-frigate, Captain Robinson, will go into Portsmouth Harbour, and into the old basin, to day. Blenheim 56, screw-ship, Captain Henderson, C. 8., having found a defect in her foreyard, went into Tor bay on Wednesday. Having repaired the de'ect, she sailed again, and will probably cruize eff Cape Clear for a short time; she will look into Queenstown once during her cruize. Highflyer, 16, screw-corvette, Captain Matson, is dis mantling at Portsmouth for alteration in hor masts. A newly-invented life-boat, or rather a life-raft, by a Mr. Perrott, we believe, of Liverpool, arrived at Ports mouth, by railway, in the early part of last week, and has been placed in the old basin of the dockyard. Sh e is shaped like a river trough, with wall sides. She has two large nettings, which are spread out by out-riggers travelling on central pivots on each side, on which, and in the box or boat, 300 men can be safely placed. She will be tried before competent naval officers in a few days. She is to be available for troop-ships. PORTSMOUTH, SUNDAY.—The Blenheim East India man, having embarked passengers for Calcutta, sailed yesterday at ten o'clock, with a favourable breeze, down Channel. The Devonshire East Indiaman, one of Green's ships, arrived at Spithead, outward bound, on Saturday, to embark passengers arid stock. The Meander, 44, Commodore Talbot, arrived at Spithead this afternoon from the Nore, and saluted the Port Admiral. The Dauntless, 24, screw-frigate, Captain Halsted, was taken into the steam-basin yesterday morning ready for docking. The Inflexible, 6, steam-sloop, Commander Wolriee, took on board her ammunition at Spithead yesterday morning, and awaits sailing orders. On the annual royal yacht promotions taking place in a few days hence it is reported Captain Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence will be raised to the rank of Commodore of the first class, Commander Crispin to the rank of Cap tain (retaining the captaincy of the yacht), and Mr. Henry Neale Scaife, clerk, to the rank of secretary to the Commodore, besides the usual promotions of the lieutenants and mates. We don't think the service will grumble at any of these movements. Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence is as much beloved by those immediately about him and respired generally in the navy as he is well known in the service; Commander Crispin's eleva tion would re-open the door for that promotion of com manders which has now so long been stopped in the royal yacht; and, as every flag officer must have a s e _ cretary, Mr. Scaife's talents and gentlemanly deportment peculiarly qualify him for that post to the Commodore of the Royal yacht. Altogether, we think dignity and benefit will accrue to her Majesty's especial service by the above arrangements. The Cygnet, 8, Commander R. D. White, arrived at St. Helena July 15, and the Prometheus, 6, steam sloop, Commander Foote, on the 18th, from Ascension. The Sappho, 12, Commander the Hon. A. Cochrane, arrived at Forteau on the 25th of July; and the Buzzard, 8, steam-sloop, on the 7th of August, from St. John's, Newfoundland. The Dauntless, 24, Captain Halsted, and the High flyer, 2ade 21, Captain as in M a ciuily a Matson, are ordered to have their de fects possible, and complete provisions and stores tor six months service. Captain Martin, C.ll, of the Victory, is on leave of absence for six months. The duties of the ship will be carried on by Commander Boyle. PLYMOUTH, p_ik:PT. s.—Her Majesty's steam-sloop Geyser, Commander G. S. Hand, having taken her coal on board, was placed at her sailing moorings on Satur day. She is appointed to sail on Monday for the West Indies to relieve the Rosamond. The steamer Argus returned on Thursday from Portsmouth, and, having coaled on Friday, was placed on her sailing mrairiags on Saturday. The crew of Huund, 6, Commander Robert Ha l l , wd,Treroiaoy(tst thy et the Pay-4..ffice in the dock yard. d A t daylight on v v_v e nesday, the Ist inst., a large pad dio.wheel )1411.c1-war, supposed to be a frigate, allowing THE SEPTEMBER 6, 1852. Russian colours, was observed four or five leagues south west of the Eddystone, speaking to a fishing vessel, after which she put on all steam and went away to the south ward. Her Majesty's screw steam. loop Desperate will sail from this port on Monday wi t h r i ggers an d seamen riggers for Pembroke, to . ow the Windsor C as tle to Portsmouth. froth l'h e thisC leo p p o a r t t r% p i r , i ti v e a s t d e ay s to w a i m t h e r, mailsis f a e p r p t o b in e t e c d a t p o n sail f Good Hope, King George' s Sound, Adelaide, Port Philip, Sydney, and N ew Z ealand. SHEERNESS, Sue:DAL—Her Majesty' s ship M m ander, 44, Commodore Charl es T a lb ot, took in her powder on Friday morning. At 11 A .IE. the Lizard steamer, i n charge of Mr. Brockma n , second master (comman di ng the Wildfire), and the African etearn-tug, Second Ma , ' ter Gill, got up their steam and proceeded to the Little Nero. The Mmander having weighed anchor, the steamers took her in tow as far as the North Foreland, whence she made all sail for Spithead, where the crew will be paid their advance wages. The Lizard returned to this port yesterday at 4 Pal.; the African some hours afterwards. Her Majesty's ship Achill e, 76, was removed on Fri day afternoon froth the fitting-basi n to moor i n gs in the harbour. She has unde rgone a thorough refit, hav i ng been under the hands of the dockyard artificers for a considerable period, and is in a forward state for com mission, should circumstances render it necessary. Her Majesty's brig Bittern, 12, Commander Vansit tart, has entered more than 70 seamen. Had she been at Plymouth, we hear from good authority, she would have been fully manned by this time. Up to yesterday neither the commander nor senior lieutenant had taken up their commissions. She is reported to be completed by the 26th inet. One sergeant, one corporal, a drummer, and 17 privates of the Ch a th am division of Royal Ma rines have embarked for s erv i ce in the Bittern. ROYAL MARINES.—The following of f icers of the Chat ham division have obtained leave of absence for periods hereafter specified:—Deputy-luspector J. Drummond, six weeks; Captain John Huskisson, two months; Cap tain William Cludon, one month; Captain G. B. Rod ney, an extension of 14 days. WOOLWICH, SEPT. 4.—The T rident steam-vessel, Lieutenant-Commander Harvey, i s to be taken out of dock on w on T i u ll es b d a a v y n , a b s ee b n y etnbrnatontitmely coated with Mr. tim© Hay's composition. The name of t h e inventor whose previously placed composition was both aides of her on one side of the bottom of the vessel was Beccius, not Bochine. The Wasp steam-sloop, Commander Lord John Hay, was taken out of the basin to-day, and towed down to a station oppolito the dock in which the Trident is placed, and, on the latter being taken out on Tuesday, the Wasp will be taken in. The Agamemnon, 90, will be finished in the coppering of her bottom on Monday, and the wh o l e et . the ma chinery of her engines will be completed by John Penn and Son in about a fortnight from this time. The exer tions of this firm to complete the engi nes of 600-horse power for the Agamemnon within the time agreed upon, have been highly appreciated by the Admiralty, as they will be ready to be delivered over within the time speci fied, although the Messrs. Penn had to contend with the delays which their works experienced by the procrasti nated strike for three months of the A —ma , gatnated En gineers. Captain Sir Baldwin Walker, Surveyor of the Navy, and Captain Pelham, visited the Agamem non yesterday, and it is expected she Will shortl be commissioned by the latter gallant officer. y The engines of the Imperieuse, 50, now nearly ready for launching at Deptford, are to be of 350-horse power, by John Penn and Son, and they aro already well ad vanced, the Admiralty being most anxious that their fitting on beard should be commenced immediately after the vessel is launched, about the middle of the present month. The Vivid, Dover mail steam-packet, Capt. Smithett, was taken into the hat.in to-day to have some improve ments in marine steam-engines attached to her ma chinery, and she will be ready to resume her duties on the Dever station in about eight or ten days. The Vivid has given great satisfaction in her performances since she had new boilers, and has kept up her character for speed on every occasion in which she had been employed, whether on special or public service. The Avon. steam-vcael, Master Commander Alfred Veitch, was taken out of the basin today, having under gone a thorough refit at this port, and, after towing the Wasp from the basin to opposite the east dock, left Woolwich for Devonport, to resume her duties as a tug and tender to the flag-ship at that port. SPORTING NOTES. No. CCC. THE PROBABLE STARTERS FOR THE LEA' .111INGTON STAKES. LATEST MOVES, &c. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. saa,—The present—like unto the two preceding weeks—is prolific in racing meetings, not less than nine being on the list of fixtures for this and four following days. Cheadle comes off to-day and to-morrow; War wick and Whitehaven to-morrow and Wednesday ; Bar net Fair original on Wednesday ; Southport, Rochester, and Chatham. and W e y mou th on W e d nesday and Thursday; Airdrie on Thursday and Friday ; and Wes ton Zoyland and Bridgewater on Friday. The majority of these, however, possess only local interest. Rochester and Chatham will, no doubt, be attractive to some of the metropolitans, but Warwick is the great gun of the week; and, as the precursor of the Great Yorkshire Meeting, will, no doubt, be well attended—in fact, I think the moves of to-morrow and Wednesday will be pregnant with the fate of the St. Leger. The only stake of note in to-morrow's list at War wick that has yet closed is that yclept the Leamington, the probable starters for which are the following : Cariboo, 5 yrs, Bst 71b; Russborough, 5 yrs, Bst 51b (d) ; Lady Evelyn, 6 yrs, 7st 131 b; G o ldfi n d er , 4 yrs, Tat 101 b ; rief, 6 yrs, 7st alb - Adminis trator, aged, Est 61b ; Storyteller, 4 yrs, 6st 6lb ; Terpsichore, 4 yrs, Est 41b ; Ibis, 3 yrs, 54t 61b (d) ; Cleveland, 3 yrs, sst 61b ; Hugo, 3 yrs , sst 11b; and Madeline, 3 y rs , sst (d). The moves brought about on Saturday and yesterday were of con• siderable importance on the Leamington Stakes, if not on the St. Leger. For the former on Saturday evening Lady Evelyn was in great demand at 5 to 1 and 9 to 2; not more than 4to 1, however, was to b e o b ta i ne d. She still continues firm at that pric e . Another move on Sa turday evening was the sudd en i ntroduction of Gold finder, who seems to have satisfied his party in some private essay so well that he was backed by theta to a large extent, rising rapidly from an outside figure to 6 to 1. He was supported yesterday stifly 11 to 2, and this morning can not k ' 43 quoted atmore than sto 2. Cariboo also made his appearance yesterday, as the horse destined to represent the interests of the Littletonian confederates. Beyond being backed by them his chance has not been invested upon by the public to any extent, 10 to 1 being freely offered against him t his morning. Grief has found a few admirers at 10 Gold and 12 to 1. It will not surprise me to a nt at finder, and Cariboo all together in the front at the finish of the race to-morrow. at 6to 1 and The only moves of consequence on the St. Leger were the decline of Daniel O'R ourke from 3 to 4 to I; a couple of monkies b e t te d b etween him and hi s stable companion Songstress, a n d t h e great favour into whic h Trousseau has suddenly s p rung, 10 to 1 being the ex treme figure to be obtain e d a b out her. A great deal of busin ess d o i ng on the Leamington events this morning, at the f o ll owing prices:—Leaming ton Steles-4 to 1 agst Lady E ve l yn, sto 1 eget Gold finder, 8 to 1 each eget Cl eveland, Terpsichore an d Hugo; 10 to 1 agst Caribo o , 12 to 1 each agst Gr i e f, Storyteller and Russborough. C astle Park Stakes -6 to 4 ag s t co l t b y A ssau l t , w h o, i t is reported, is to be the Winner ; El mst h orpo not expected to show. Borough Handicap -6 to 4 agst Charley. Warwick Cup—Even on Little Harry, sto 1 agst Joe Miller. County Stases —5 to 2 agst Paddy Bird, 4 to 1 agst Gladiole. rbaoc M uign a gh r t l e h ahorrieinoeurgt,ohm putß Buck, it Weltel Cup -2 to 1 agst Remunerator. Town Plate -4 to agst Warwick, 5 any other. the Hillier es t ßeeves, i u s d ._I Sept ' 6. THE SPIRIT OF THE TV" reportedamof:sßi ra l 3 , w a s ato c on l . :1F havingh his SPORTING IN TELLIGENCE„ . LATEST BETTING AT THE WEST END. THE LEAMINGTON STARE S . 6to 1 agst Goldander 110 to 1 agst Cariboo 5 to 2 agst Stockwell ST. LEGER. 4 to 1 twat •-•-- Dan. O'Rourke 10 to 1 a t Trousseau —t gs 4,t0 1 aigst Songrstress Shropshire Witch, uged, lOst 21b NEWPORT RACES—(CoNcLuDED). a 25 The Tredegar Park Stakes of 5 sous . each, ~a ? ‘,„•,, added (6 S ubs.), were won in two heats by Mr. -1 : 4 w " 10 to 1 agst Barbing Madame Wharton 4 yrs, 9st 41b; Maurice Daly, aged , 9st 91b; The Adder, 4 yrs, 9st 11b; and another. _, _ The Innkeepers' Hurdle Race for 30 save. die. 4 a sweepstakes of 3 soya , each twice round and a Subs,), was won in two ' heats by M r . r B. Lands The Mr• Pother- General and the Ladies' Plate by Madame Whart on . . , aged, 10st 101 b (Owner), beating • ', I Miss Pru dence, Miss Banks, 9st 11b, and Mr. Hew dence, Ilst 31b. The Hack Stakes were won by Mr. Willianison's Kate; The Burgh RACES.—FRIDAY (CONCLUDED). The Burgh Stakes of 5 soya. each. and 25 added, for 3 yrs old and upwards Two Miles. (5 Subs.) Captain Nay ' s L . * 31b (Roberston) 1 Mr. C • ittle Jack, 5 yrs, 9st 2 5 yrs, Set 111 b un ningharn's Chatterbox, by two length®• The Swum° St W ake o s n easy f and 25 added, of 5 sovs. each, 2 t , for three Stakes old and upwards. Heats once round and a distance. (3 Subs.) Noble) 1 1 Mr. J. Taylor na Miss Lawson, Bst 41b (CV' Mr. Henderson's Boa Maza, 5 yrs, 9st 41b ( 1501.) 2dr The R. , Won cleverly. —.. Ninian's Handicap of 5 sovs • each, with 20 added, Once round. (8 Subs.) Mr. A. Johnuo ' Est 121 b (Niell) 1 ne s Jenny Lind, 6 yrs, Mr. J,olly's Swaledale 7st lib 2 Mr• Sias ' , 6 yrs, 3 • rpe s Seclusion, 3 yrs, sst 91b Won by a length. The Scurr b Lizars, beating Boa 9 .akes were won y Maza. r(tiat.e6)' beating THE EARL or CARL ISLE AT A WREST LIN G MATCH. —The Earl of Carlisle was present at the Talkin Tarn Re gatta,. Cumberland, the other day, and at the close of a wrestling match f or 12/ w h e n the sixth and last round, which was between a W eaver named Pearson and another man named Glaister, te rm i n ated, the victor (Glaister) sovereignwas phrefented with a by the Noble E arl, who wished t e fortunat e wrestler much joy. One of the spectators, a rough, homely inhabitant of the village of Brampton, with a feeling of true s ym pat hy for the defeated, exclaimed, suf ficiently loud to be heard ha' ge'en the by his ~ Lordship, "The Earl should The Noble Earl e peer weaver the sovereign• immediately f 1 4 ..e.Y rose, walked up to Pearson, who was still standing in the ring st-'up d, and gave him a sovereign also. His Lord,bin iv, s -"" e Pe r it i - then . loudly cheered by the spectators. s questionable whether the Noble Earl or the humble village r Was prompted by the higher feeling. Both deserve their re w ard. —.Leeds Intelli9encer. PONIES AND PARACHUTES—DESCENT Ile A PARACHUTE AT CREIWORNE. A reward was formerly decreed by the Persian King to the man who should invent a new pleasure. The caterer for public amusement in our days, however, if ho ventures upon producing; a new sensation, stands a teir chance of b e i ng rewarded w i th the trea d m ill . W e had yesterday an opportunity of seeing the three ponies with which Madame Poitevin has been in the habit of making her ascents—these are two cream-eolouted and one white —end they are as pampered-looking, sleek coated, car e f u ll y - tended animals as were ever driven in the phaeton of a fashionable lady. One of them has ascended ab out 5 0 t i mes, the white pony upon which Madame Poitevin went tip on Thursday last having been up upwards of 100 times, and the third and largest, a stout handsome-lecking animal, 150 times. We were assured by M. Poitevin that althoughthey have en countered in their numerous ascents all sorts of weather—hail, rain, snow, thunder and lightning —they and htning—they had g never sustained the slightest injury, and theyare perfect pets with w e had the intrepid aeronauts. When dexplained to us the mode in which th e an i mals are attached to the bal loon we were at once sat i s fi e d that there is no ground whatever fur the charg e o f cruelty. Theballoon in which the ascents are made is a new one of very ctonitiderable dimensions and great as cen di ng powers. I soinely painted, and is ter me d " T he Zodiac." hFrom and. the csntre of the balloon, wher e the net-work end s , 26 ropes depend, which hang four or fi ve yards below the point at which the horse is suspend e d, an d this is one the the peculiarities of the arraugement. Th e body of horse is enveloped in a stout canvas bag, secured and strengthened by bread leather straps well padded; other leather bands pass round the fore and hinder parts, and the whole or the weight is so equally divided that there is no undue pressure upon any part, and the animal himself, whose evidence ought to go for something, eats hay or biscuit out of the hand as unconcernedly as possible while so suspended. The different bands and straps are united above the horse, 1 1 and are secured within the car by a spring, and the mode of attaching and detaching hint from the balloon is perfectly simple and effective. On Thursday last pensioners were empl o y e d to b r i ng twenty-six Chelsea down the balloon close to the ground, after it had been fully inflated, the strap was at one secured to the spring within the car, and the whole operation completed in less time than we have taken to describe it. In addition to the 26 ropes which we have mentioned there are also the i two gye-ropes, which are used in descending after the grappling-iron has caught hold, in order to bring the balloon upon its side, and facilitate the discharge of the gas. All these ropes are brought into requisition when disengaging the horse from the balloon; the enormous machine is then slowly dr a gg ed dow n till the horse's feet touch the ground, the spring is instantly dis e n gage d, and the animal is at liberty. Madame Poitevin mounted the white pony on Thursday evening last, after the descent, and rode it several miles into Cretnorne Gardens, amidst the acclamations of the spectators. On the same occasion a parachute was taken up with the balloon, capable of sustaining a weight of between 300 and 400 pounds. It was the intention of Madame Poitevin to have descended in this parachute, but the lessee was unwilling to encounter the slightest risk, and suggested that the parachute should be in the first place loaded with a weight exceeding that of Madame Poitevin by 281 b., and that its descent should be closely watched. This was accordingly done on Thursday evening, and when the balloon was at an elevation of about two miles the parachute was de tached, and in about seven minutes descended at Acton, as gently a s a bird alights on the ground, its perpendi cular position having been maintained throughout. It was the descent of this parachute which gave rise to the report that the brothers, whose gymnastic feats in the trapeze have excited so great a sen sation, had fallen from the clouds and been killed. We understand that these daring performers are not secured in any way to the bar fro m w hi c h they are suspended, relying altogether upon their muscular powers and dexterity, and, how ever hazardous the feats may appear in the eyes of the public, they feel as secure as if within a few feet of the ground, the motion of the balloon being so steady as to divest the performance of all risk. All that has hitherto taken place, however, in Cremorne, fades before the interest attached to the parachute de scent, which is announced to take place from these gar dogs on Monday evening; and as the prejudice in this country against this mode of descending .from balloons is very strong, since the fatal attempt of Mr. Cocking, _ some trouble to about twelve years siece, we have taken learn the principles upon which Madame Pone yin's parachute is constructed, in order to ascertain haw far the scientific requirements of this machine have been adopted. We may sfate that Madame Poitevin has already descended in France no less than 27 times, on one occasion in presence of the President Louis Na poleon, who presented her with a handsome bracelet; and that she has accomplished all these descents with the greatest ease and safety. The car is composed of a light wicker basket, comfortably padded and cushioned, with a projecting brim about 18 inches wide also cushioned. The car is about 10 feet in diameter, and is secured by ropes to a strong circular iron tubing, of about 12 or 15 feet in diameter, pro jecting over and beyond the car, and to this iron hoop or ring the cords of the parachute are secured. When ascending the parachute resembles a closed umbrella, and when descending it expands, and is somewbat in the shape of a gigantic parapluie of stout crimson silk, strongly secured along the edges with cord, and fastened by about 26 ropes to the iron ring we have al ready described. The car hangs at a distance of about 30 feet from the parachute, and by a simple contrivance the whole can be detached at any moment from the bal loon. In order to secure the proper expansion of the parachute, M. Poitevin, who steers the balloon, having attained the required height, opens the valve, and dis charges some four or five thousand cubic feet of gas; the balloon, with its depending parachute, immediately de scends with great rapidity, the parachute is expanded by the resistance of the air, and is then detached; the balloon, which had been rapidly falling from its loss of gas, being relieved of this weight, is arrested in its downward progress, and again ascends, but by this judicious counteracting of the one force by the other, the risk of the parachute falling any consider able distance, or turning over before being expanded, is avoided, and the sudden darting up of the balloon t) an immense height, at the risk of suffocating the aeronauts by the escape of gas, is also prevented. So long a Pe riod has elapsed since any attempt has been made to descend in a parachute in this country, that the an nouncement of Madame Poitevin's experiment for Monday evening will, we doubt not, attract very large numbers to the gardens, and in such case we trust that all the neces sary precautions may be taken to prevent any over crowding or inconvenience, and that the result will tend to establish the practicability of this mode of descent, and form one additional step in aerial navigation. Al though many suggestions have been thrown out, very little has up to this time been accomplished towards ren dering balloons available for any practical use. The great experience acquired in the numerous ascents made tor popular amusement has made them safe to a degree which could hardly have been hoped for; but, excepueg in so far as a limited power has been obtained of ascen ding and descending, so as to take advantage of such currents as may be met with at various elevations, no thing has been done towards guiding a balloon. Many of the schemes proposed for the purpose evince a singu lar disregard of the essential difference between a ship and a balloon. The former sails la two fluids of different densities, and the action of the water, the denser of the two, upon the rudder, is a guide to the impelling power derived from the air, or lighter or loss dense element; but no such regulator can be applied to the balloon, which is sustained, as well as impelled by the air. All the attempts hitherto made to apply a motive and guid ing power have failed, and until the solution of this problem, ballooning must remain a mere toy for the amusement of the multitude. —Sunday Paper of yesterday. GENERAL PACHECO.—We are sorry to learn that the celebrated South American General Pacheco, who is known as the founder of liberty in the Uruguay, and who recently occupied the distinguished post of ambassador at Paris from that republic, was, on his return to the scene of his patriotism, attacked by a violent yellow fever, at Rio Janeiro. On the occasion he was attended by his old friend and colleague, Don Andrea Lamas, who had been constantly by his side in every struggle for independence, and now came to watch what was supposed to bathe last moments of his gal lant friend. Fortunately, however, the strength of the Gene ral's constitution overcame the disease, and, by the last ac counts, he had so far rallied as to give hope of speedy recovery. An incident has come to our knowledge, which adds addi tional lustre to the name of Pacheco, and shows him to be as humane in the amenities of civil life as he is daring and skilful in military encounter. At a time when he believed his course on earth had been run, and the hand of death was upon him, his country and his friends were most prominent in his thoughts. At such a trying conjuncture he received a latter from London from one who had been long known to him ; and, with a magnanimous consideration, he directed a reply to be returned, in the most cordial terms, stating that the General had provided that the applicant should henceforth receive a handsome pension, as a small tribute to his meritorious services. Conduct such as this requires no comment ; it carries its own panegyric wherever it is known, and will, when known, add to the anxiety of all interested in the true welfare of South America, that the General may be long spared to assist, in the council, and if necessary, again, in the field, in maintaining the independence and ad vancing the fortunes of the Banda Oriental and its capital, Monte Video. . —Liverpool Albion. COLCHESTER ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY. --At the quarterly meeting of this society, on Wednesday, a proposal for disconnecting it from the Literary Institution and estab lishing it on an enlarged basis as a county society was dis cussed, and a committee appointed to report upon the mat ter at the annual meeting in November. The president (Dr. Duncan) then gave a brief description of the progress of the excavations at the back of the residence of the Rev. J. T. Round, where the old Roman sewer has been traced a considerable distance, and remains met with which promise still more important discoveries. The company afterwards adjourned to view the excavations. THE OYSTER FISHERIES.—Many representations f have been of late made to the office FISHERIES.—Many f o kh e e Committee of Privy Council for Trade, by the Foreign- office, to that office by the French Government ' , o of ca infractions on the provisions of the fisheries convention, subsisting be tween this country and France, and of the Act 6 and 7 Viet-, cap. 79, by British vessels dredging for oysters in the English Channel and the Straits of Dover during the close months. It is made a particular subject of complaint that the British fishing-vessels fail to comply with that article of the con vention (Art. 8) which requires that the numbers of the vessels shall be painted on the bow and on each side of the mainsail, and that they are thereby enabled mo re easily to evade pursuit. The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council tor Trade have, therefore informe d the Commis sioners of Cust oms o f t h e i r anx i e ty 'th a t all just ground s of complaint on the p ar t o f th e French Government should be removed, and have reuested them to give directions to the of f icers commandin g he r " aiesty's cruisers in the Channel to use every exert i on to prevent any infraction of the convention by British fishermen, an d particularly to prevent fishin g vessels in th e Ch anne l h av i ng dredging implements on board during the fence months, or not having their numbers painted on the bows and sails, in the manner required by the convention,—RerahL BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE AD VANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. BELFAST, SEPT. 2.—The sections commenced their meetings this morning in Queen's College, a remark ably handsome and well-proportioned building in the Elizabethan style, situated on rising giound, aboat half a mile south-east of the city, on the Lisbu-n road, and one of the three founded under the pro% i sions of "An Act to enable her Majesty to endow ne av Colleges for the Advancement of Learning in Ire land." The sister colleges are at Cork anal at Galway. The friends of education will be gratified to hear thEt, notwithstanding the opposition the colleges expe rienced, and the prognostics as to their early fate, they have all succeeded, and have shown a gradual at d regular increase iu their students each year since they opened their doors. At Belfast the numbers or a - a.- triculated students have been 84 in 1850, 111 in 1851, and 119 in 1852, besides a large number of irregular or non-matriculated students. The college cduca tionsd courses, which is determined by the senate of the Queen's University in Dublin, extends over three years; it being imperativ e on the student to attend the prescribed course before he can, go up for his degree examination. In glancing over the several course of lectures which the student is required to attend to, an impression is engendered that, consi dering the probable normal education of the intend ing student, the subject to which he has to apply himself, especially on entering, are at all events, too numerous, if not generally above his standard. This normal standard may, however, in time be raised, and thus in itself effect a remedy; otherwise, if our im pression is correct—and its accords with the opinions of many friends of education in Belfast—it would appear to be advisable that the senate of the Univer sity, in whom the power is vested, should inquire into fraseeteisAnastuuntlatottoistotetnree.that may materially interfere with the good whichp we ought to derive from such an in oduinnbttys of ih e ne n th to e comment is the am ount of in single amounts, student. owing though t o aggregate, merous departments he is to 281. for the three y e for which the college required to attend,a th m se o: n u au n ii i. sears — a large sum for the class vvas principally intended, and nearly double that ofGlasgowz and other of the Scotch colleges. Of this total, f g o o in fee s t o th e pro fessors, end 71. to th e college, m out of which th e museum, libraryr ,acinef the sole fund, . 4' , h ported. This i s , an d must be for must yveara to " C e o t tL b , e q s u u i p te " insufficient for the purp ose , and mat e crially li m it The the secondary e ff ects o f the institution.n subject was embodied i n th e a dd ress by the President an d Professors to the L or d-Li eutenant at hisvisit; yester day to the colle ge , b u t was not noticed in h We can only, qu o ti ng f rom the address of tire reply. dent of the association, recommend them to bePrtir'siue to their own convictio ns , an d steadily to persevere in urging on all proper occasions, both publicly and pri vately, a measure which they feel to be necessary for the proper fulfilment of the duties committed to them. The sections were well attended during the day— . A and C, Mathematical and Physical Science and Geology, being the most crowded. The Lord-Lieu. tenant and suite paid a visit to each in the course of the day. Among the distinguished foreigners and others present were—Prince of Canino ; Professor Fowler, United States; Dr. Hamel, of St. Peters burgh ; and M. Tchihatchef, the Chevalier Neitkomm, Viscount Bangor, Marquis of Downshire, Lord Mas carene, Lord Naas, Sir P. Crampton, on..W. N. Jocelyn, Lord Wrottesley, Earl of Enniskillen, Sir R. Bateson Earl of Antrim, the Attorney-General, Admiral dontgomery, &c. SECTION A. — MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. Rev. Professor Powell—Report on luminous me teors ; on a peculiarity of vision ; on luminous beams; on converging sunbeams. R. Russell —O a the action of those storms to which the rotatory theory has been applied.—ln the discus sions which ensued, the necessity of simultaneous observations in different places was strongly urged, in order to determine the points at present disputed. W. R. Birt—On the zodiacal light. W. J. M. Rankine—O o the reconcentration of the mechanical energy of the universe ; on the causes of the excess of temperature of rivers above that of the atmosphere. Sir D. Brewster —O n the form of images produced by lenses and mirrors of different sizes.—This paper had reference to the distorted appearances of objects presented by some photographs taken with large lenses, and created much interest on account of the recent dispute between the author and M. Claudet. Account of a rock crystal lens and decomposed glass found in Nineveh. Professor W. Thompson —On certain magnetic curves, with electrical and hydrodynamical applica tions.—This paper excited much attention, and was strongly confirmatory of Dr. Faraday's views regard ing the action of ferromagnetics and dianangnetics. On the mutual attraction between two electrified spherical conductors. SECTION B.—CHEMICAL SCIENCE. Dr. Woods—On the amount of heat produced by the combination of several metals with oxygen. On chemical combination. The author developed a " mechanical theory" of heat, applying it to the explanation of chemical phenomena. Professor Hodges—On the composition and eco nomy of the flax plant. This was an elaborate paper, drawn up with great skill and care, and entering fully on the natural history and economic treatment of the Plant, of which the various processes, old and new, were described and commented upon. Several new and valuable a na l yses were g i ven . Much discu ss i on took place, in which Dr. Ryan and others took part. SECTION C.—GEOLOG Y. Mr. Griffiths —On his new geological map of Ire land. The scientific and economic features of the map were lucidly explained by the author at some length. The most important of the latter had refer ence to the limestones, and to the recent discovery of a bed of salt in the neighbourhood of B elfast. He also stated clea r l y his opinion that co l found in any quant i ty i n Ir e land, and, therefre, is not to o be every attempt t o i n d uce par ti e s to embark in specu lations which mus t prove f ru itless ought to be dis couraged, R. Harkness—On the occurrence of graphite at Almonness Head, Kircudbrightshire. J. K. Watts—Oa the geology of S. Ives, Hunt. ingdonshire. Colonel Lloyd—On the mines of Copigpo. SECTION D—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. At the opening of this section the President pa a graceful tribute to science and to the individual in N. . . d expressing his deep sense of the loss they had Sue tained since their last meeting by the death of IV Thompson. The following resolution was unani mously agreed to, and entered in the proceedings Teat the section of zoology and botany desires to record its high sense of the worth as a man, and the eminence as a scientific naturalist, of the lute William Thornpun,E.q., and deeply deplore the loss which scienct and humanity have sustained by his sudden and prem., turo death." Professor Dickie—On the altitudinal ranges of plants in the north of Ireland: This paper evidenced the zeal and care of the authors in working out his subject —many points of much importance to the botany of Ireland were brought forward. Much dis cussion ensued, in which Professors Balfour and Ar. nott, Prince of Canino, and Mr. Huxley took part. Professor Allman—On a peculiar phase in the de velopment of an annelid. Professor E. Forbes—On a new species of Irish cuttlefish. R. Patterson and J. R. Garrett —upplementary report on the Fauna of Ireland, y the Thompson, of Belfast ; the f res h -water late W. fishes ster, as enumerated in th e MSS. the of th of late W. Thompson—These papers were received with much interest by the section, particularly on account of the circumstance alluded to by the President. Mr. M. Moggeridg e _R eport on the occurrence of periodical phenomena in plants and animals at Swan sea—Tables which were issued association for .by the .. the registration of the periodic phenomena observed plants and animals the were returned, filled up, by author and Miss South Ll ewellyn, of Penn-lie- are, Wales, and upon were read, and remarks made upon them by Dr. Lankester. SECTION E.---GEOGRAPHY AND EllyWrSGefe.ucia, Captain W. Allen—On the ancient port o f with the near the mouth of the Orontes, i n Connex i onnterest was route by the Euphrates to India• followeduc by a dis excited by this paper, which was y took part, princi cussion in which Colonel Cbisne- of the Euphrates pally on the comparative advantagesA e rence in distance ap • and Red Sea r o u tes—t t e nterbalanced by the shal pearing to be more than ach would necessitate the use lowness of the river,: older, and the numerous and of small vessels of contains. shifting sand bank • banks the ethnological bearing Rev. Dr. E. Sin of the recent discoveries in connexion with the Assy rian descriptions. W. n 0 the geograp•aical distribution of common salt. J. of S •d f • W. Giles—Description a emcee family. Sir J. Ross—On the aurora borealis. SECTION F:-...STATISTICS. Lieutenant -Colonel Sykes—On the census of the Island of Bombay.—Some very interesting matter was contained in this paper, and some remarkable features of the district given. It appears that the men are in great excess over the women-354,090 to 212,059—a difference due mainly to the crime of female infanticide. This crime is due to an extraor dinary cause. It is considered a disgrace if females do not get married, and to save this disgrace in some cases, and in others to save the expenses, whi ch are heavy in India, in their marriage customs, the fe 1 children are murdered to a horrible ext ent se e . he Go vernment have checked this deplorable • crime con siderably by establishing a fund, ou t o f which under certain conditions, sums shall be allotted for • marriage p urpcses. G. H. Potter—On the productive industry of Paris. This paper, read b Mr. M'Adam, secretary, con itained most valuable details of the productive irduary of Paris, 1 furnishi ng i mportant data for compar i son with our own. In it will he found matter for the serious consideration of our political economists, as in several of those branches of manufacture which are supposed to press most weightily on our own trade, it appears that the wages paid for labour are higher than with us, while the raw material is about the same price. An interesting portion was that in reference to the education of the vvorkraer. OF the entire number, 87 per cent, of the men and 79 per cent. of the wo men could read and write. Professor Hancock —Are there any impediments to the ti,ir competition of free labour with slave la bour in the West Indies ?—it is impossible in the limits allowed by this notice to do proper; ustice to the importance and value of this paper. Professor Hancock's deductions were all based upon the recog nised principles of moral philosophy and political economy, and were supported by statistical evidence, and by quotations from Ad am S m i t h , Bigelors, Cand ler, Alexander, and other high authorities. An ani mated discussion took place, in which the professor's positions were warmly disputed, but which in his reply he ably and most succesfully re-established. SECTION G.—MECLIA.IIICAL SCIENCE. W. Fairbairn—Preliminary report on the Mecha nical Properties of Metals, &cc.", Thomas M. Gladstone—On malleable' Iron for Girders.—The author recommends a double T form as the best adapted for general purposes where strength is required, and that in all cases wrought iron is preferable to cast, as bearing a certain amount of deflection, and giving warning before breaking. Mr. Whittle, of New Zsaland—An Account of a new Flax Machine.—This machine is intended for the preparation of the fibre of the Phormium tenax, and not the common flax. Ca Harbours. ptain J. S aun d ers— A N ew D es i gn f or Safety G. Clarke —On the Evolution of Gas in the Walls end Colliery.—This pap er was rea d b y P ro f essor J. Phillips, whose remarks added considerably to its value and importance. The gases issue under consi derable pressure, which varies in accordance with the fluctuations of the barometer, but in anticipation of them by about half an hour. Some important allu sions and suggestions were m a d e as to the sources of accident in coal mines, and Professor Phillips con cluded by strongly recommending the education of the miners as the surest means of remedy. THE TURKISH LOAN. The novelty of a Turkish loan has naturally excited no small degree of interest in not only monetary but po litical circles. With the world pecuniary the natural inquiry is as to the securities for payment of interest and redemption of the principal of the loan which Tur key has to offer; the world political and economical may further be disposed to speculate as to the causes known Tur key, confessedly out of foreign debt, and not p onbor :B an e s d h e a b v t o o shouldr, bee n at developed the intoeleventh a gi g a h o o t u i o r that s ys tem, as in fact an inherent part and parcel of the econo micalacy of the nations, policy of nati t rice, make her a Russia in the north of Europe to the no less despotic d fr s om tate t 4, h , e in ab a so e lu n .e or a t u h toc o r f a A cy m o e. ! democr ptpzar_sFe.as a borrower. The modie ussia, lest Turkey-yshoueldi cum of a loan of loins for the purposes of offeu ficeperhaps, to all^ millions sterling only will suf ,ealousies of ambitious beor defence;girding up s p o h o u e r e lo o o r s m vaeo a lators of the economical schoceel reasons witytomararryfordkiisschovGerovseurt bhoathveofanpabpoenrensot d d m es e ir ta e mo ra d to lay cient end convincing. vicious % e r n s t e n m ey a , y , the grouildwoik, moreover, of such improt the fiscal system of the empire as cannot re dound men o t i s he i r a wise than to the profit of the Treasury and the advan: tage of the people. With the present paucity of infor 'nation on these points it may not be said in What parti cular direction it is proposed to carry out any or th e improvements suggested, bat one fact must be obvious—, as a truism confessed among practical statesmen—that the reforms and improvements most indispensable i n a state cannot be carried on without money in hand, de rived from some new and extraordinary source, to coun terbalance the sacrifices to be submitted to in the pre parations for a career of progress. However opinion may differ about the fiscal and economical policy of the late Sir Robert Peel, it will not be denied that, prelimi nary to the abandonment of one source of revenue by fiscal or other changes, he was careful to prepare be forehand amply against a certain loss to be incurred by a provision equal to ready money, and by ready money, to cover that loss and more. The property and income tax comes in point, with issues of Exchequer-bills for landed improvements besides, that is, public loans in au other shape. The financial resources of Turkey to meet tho new financial phase of a foreign debt, which are the special point of concern with those who carry the money bags, and are anxious after more profitable openings for invest ment than Consols at par, and discounts of safe paper at or 2 per cent., are, so far as officially, somewhat of a sealed book; for as affairs are understood in that em pire, the state of revenue and expenditure is held not to concern the public at large, whilst, truth to say, the public appear to be contemptuously content to remain in ignorance of what so nearly concerns them, and is com paratively so freely communicated to the serfs of Russia. Fortunately the march of intelligence can pierce by per severance through stone walls, even the marble walls of the Seraglio. M. Übicini, long a resident, and an en• lightened mercantile observer in Turkey, devoted much time and careful attention to an examination of the fiscal, momentary, and commercial systems of Turkey, sided in the labour by the influence and appliances of ' foreign diplomacy, the results of which be made known in some admirable letters published in the French Moniteur last year. His statements may be re garded therefore as semi-official, but mast be taken withal with such measure of allowance as is usually ac corded to that degree of authority. The following tabular statement of Turkish finance will not be found to vary in totalities with thatpublished in a morning paper, and generally understood to have been supplied byAthe agents or contractors for the loan. Th ere can be no question that it was derived substantially from the authority already cited for that which follows, and it was fairly acknowledged, indeed, that to exact official authority it made no pretence. The difference to benoted between the two is, that we are not indebted for figures and facts to the parties, highly respectable as they are, interested in the loan, but simply and independently to our own in dustry and researcher. The facts have, indeed, been some timee la our possession. R evenue and expenditure thus bce according to the authority quoted:— BUDGET OF EXPENDITURE. Piastres. Civil list of the sultan Ditto of the Dowager Sultana and c f the 75'°°"°° Sultan's metrical sisters; ... .. Army •. Navy Alateriel of war, a:tiller and fortresses y, engineering, 0 000 000 Salaries end charges of adininist OO,OOO r . tion 195,0 subvention t o t h o Vakouf Administration for esteblishrecias iu charge Arrears of life rents (schims) Interest of G per esnt. on Treasury Bonds, without fixed d a t e of payment (called koyrnrs) Lilo r ••• .• ••• saes paid by the Tressury, in com pensatton of ancient fiats (timers' zimets , moukutas) to proprietors dis possessed 40 , 000 ; 000 possessed ••• ••• "' Foreign offices, ambassador:, 10000 000 Allocation Oa' zrnei nafia) for public works, a 10,000.000 griCulture, &e. ..• ••• ••• 8,400,000 ••• 300.000,000 37,500,000 1",500,0 00 6,000,000 9,000,000 ... 733,400,000 Total piastres ... ... WAYS AND MEANS. Tenth ... 220,000,000 Income-tax (ration, or vergue) 200,000,000 Hadraje, or head-tax, on non-Illussuhnan ... 40,000,000 ... 86,000,000 ... 30,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 subjects ... Customs ..• •' Egyptian tribute ••• From Wallachia ... ••• From Moldavia •• -- ••• From Semis ••• ••• Indirect taxes, lioenoee, stamps, tolls, mines, and postsges ... ... ... 150,000,000 that pub. fished Total piastres ... ... ... 731,000,000 The difference betwixt this statement otin i n a morning paper, is not , would be different. The ae d nearly diff erence , i ndeed, compen totals, and materially by the well-known fact th at t h e tribute of the st Pacha of Egypt had been raised recently, and since &i. Übicini wrote in 1851, from thirty to forty millions plaS • • tres But it will be ob serve d t h at the account now furnished enters more into special detail of the nature and expenditure of taxation, and is corrective of such an enormous assumption, for example, as the allowance of 84,000,000 piastres for the support and administration of the mosques, &c. It will be observed too, that the Turkish Government has a small internal debt, scarcely meriting remark. We may proceed in a future number to a review of the commerce and commercial resources of the Ottoman empire, about which our neighbour, so favoured by the communication from the l oan contractors, deficient in detail is about Turkish finance, appears to be lacking in information. The information, in fact, is not readily accessible, as may omission of material facts and figures in the repor t sra T rade, Mr. Macgregor, when secretary to the Board o t f .e T d only whose more substantial notices, moreover, e C l e of the brought down to 1840. For the c°llT I le high reader it it may be stated that, according to the be gathered from the total thority of the eminent cambist Mr. Paper. piastre is only equal to 2d. sterling.—Morning Tlirkish IUTH-COAST LON - Tate, TTrraffiaffiec DON, BRIGHTON, AND SO BAIL WAY. Traffic — Week eennddiinngg Sept. 6, 64:11885512 Z 11 4 4, 08 44 67 1 1 7 1 9 8 Total of the half-year, to this date, 1852 ... 140,598 19 9 Total of the half-year, to this date, 1851 ... 1 49,511 0 2 Total number of Passengers—Week endi ng sept.:4, 1852 ... 1 02,170 Passengers •••k:11,81 11 8 Goods ... ••• 2,165 6 1 Total £14,046 17 9 173 !4 ditto, 1851, 173 London n al miles open,Terminu.seplt.B6s.2,lBs2. BoaTrdheorßTirgandte, 11is°enx.pjec.teldVio li ar e riTe eY in ' town today fr o o6 his f n fhe tour in Germany. It is under s t oo d that latterly the health of the Right Hon. Gentleman has much improved. An archaeological society is to be fowled in Essex.