The Sun. — London, England, 1837-09-29 00:00:00

temptations of sudden and unsubstantial wealth—when it turns industry into paths that lead sooner or later to dis appointment and distress, it becomes liable to censure, and needs correction. Far from helping probity and industry, the ruin to which it leads falls most severely on the great labouring classes, who are thrown suddenly out of employ nt, and, by the failure of magnificent schemes, never in tended to enrich them, are deprived in a moment of their only resource. Abuses of credit and excesses in specula tion will happen in despite of the most salutary laws ; no Government perhaps can altogether prevent them ; but surely every Government can refrain from contributing the stimulus that c,dls them into lif•. _ _ . Since, therefore, experience has shown that to lend the public money to the local banks is hazardous to the opera tions of the Government, at least of doubtful benefit to the institutions themselves, and productive of disastrous de rangement in the business and currency of the country, is it the part of wisdom again to renew the connexion ? It is true that such an agency is in many respects conve nient to the Treasury, but it is nct indispens:lble. A limitation of the expenses of the Government to its actual wants, and of the revenue to those expenses, with conve nient means for its prompt application to the purposes for which it was raised, are the objects which we should seek to accomplish. The collection, safe-keeping, transfer, and disbursement of the public money can, it is believed, be well managed by offs ers of the Government. Its collec tion, and to a great extent its disbursement also, have in deud been hitherto conducted solely by them, neither na tion:ll nor state banks, when employed, being required to do more than keep it safely when in their custody, and transfer and pay it in such portions, and at such times, as the Treasury shall direct. _ _ _ part of the Executive ? And is there equal room for such supervision and publicity in a connection with banks, act ing, under the shield of corporate immunities, and conducted by persons irresponsible to the Government and the people? It is believed that a considerate and candid investigation of ' these questions will result in the conviction that the pro posed plan is far less liable to objection, on the score of Executive patronage and control, than any bank agency that has been, or can be, devised. With these views, I leave to Congress the measures ne cessary to regulate in the present emergency the safe keeping and transfer of the public monies. In the per formance of constitutional duty, I have stated to them without reserve the result of my own reflections. The subject is of great importance, and one on which we can scarcely expect to be as united in sentiment as we are in interest. It deserves a full and free discussion, and can not fail to be henefitted by a dispassionate comparison of opinions. Well aware myself of the duty of reciprocal concession among the co-ordinate branches of the Go vernment, I can promise a recsonable spirit of co-opera tion, so far as it can he indulged in without the surrender of constitutional objections, which I believe to be well founded. Any system that may he adopted should be subjected to the fullest legal provision, so as to leave no thing to the Executive but what is necessary to the dis• charge of the duties imposed on him ; and whatever plan may he ultimately established, my own part shall be so discharged as to give to it a fair trial, and the best prospect of success. _ _ _ _ The character of the funds to be received and disbursed in the transaction of the Government likewise demands your most careful consideration. There can be no doubt that those who framed and adopted the Constitution, having in immediate view the depreciated currency of the confederacy—of which 500 dollars in paper were at times, only equal to one dollar in coin—intended to prevent the recurrence of similar evils, so far at least as related to the transactions of the new Government. They gave the Congregs express powers to coin money and to regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin ; they refused to give it power to establish corpora tions—the agents, then, as now, chiefly employed to create a paper currency ; they prohibited the States from making anything but gold and silver .a legal tender in payment of debts ; and the first Congress directed by positive law that the revenue shoull be received in nothing but gold and silver. Public exigency at the outset of the Government,without direct legislative authority, led to the use of the banks as fiscal aids to the Treasury. In admitted deviation from the law, at the same period, under the same exigency, the Secretary of the Treasury received their notes in payment" of duties. The sole ground on which the practice, thus commenced, was then, or has since, been justified, is the Cf'rtain, immediate, and convenient exchange of such notes for specie. The Government did indeed receive the in convertible notes of State Banks during the difficulties of war ; and the community submitted without a murmur to the unequal taxation and multiplied evils of which such a course was productive. With the war, this indul gence ceased, and the banks were obliged again to redeem their notes in gold and silver. The Treasury, in accord ance with previous practice, continued to dispense with the currency required by the act of 1789, and took the notes of banks in full confidence of their being paid in specie on demand ; and Congress, to guard against the slightest vio lation of this principle, have declared by law, that if notes are paid in the transactions of the Government, it must be under such circumstances as to enable the holder to convert them into specie without depreciation or delay. Of my own duties under the existing laws, when the banks suspended specie payments, I could not doubt. Di rections were immediately given to prevent the reception into the Treasury of anything but gold and silver or its equivalent ; and every practicable arrangement was made to preserve the public faith, by similar or equivalent pay ments to the public creditors. The revenue from lands had been for some time substantially so collected under the order issued by the directions of my predecessor. The effects of that order had been so salutary, and its forecast in regard to the increasing insecurity of bank paper had become so apparent, that even before the catastrophe, I had resolved not to interfere with its operation. Congress is now to decide whether the revenue shall continue to be so collected or not. _ . _ . Surely banks are not more able than the Government to 1 secure the money in their possession against accident, vio lence or fraud. The assertion that they are so must assume that a vault in a bank is stronger than a vault in the Trea sury, and that directors, cashiers, and clerks, not selected by the Government, nor under its cantrol, are more worthy of confidence than officers selected from the people, and re sponsible to the Government—officers bound by official oaths and bonds for a faithful performance of their duties, end constantly subject to the supervision of Congress. ..re difficulties of transfer, and the aid heretofore ren dered by hanks, have been less than is usually supposed. The actual accounts show that by far the larger portion of payments is made wi!".hin short or convenient distances from the places of collection—end the whole number of warrants issued at the Treasury in the :ear 1834—a year, the re sults of which will, it is believed, afro:'d a safe test for the future—fell short of 5,000, or an average s:f less than one daily for each state—in the city of New York t.:;!'y did not average more than two a-day, and at the city of Washingtoe only four. The difficulties heretofore existing are moreover daily lessened by an increase in the cheapness and facility of com munication—and it may be asserted with confidence, that the necessary transfers, as well as the safe-keeping and dis bursements of the public monies, can be with safety and convenience accomplished through the agencies of Treasury officers. This opinion has been, in some degree, confirmed by actual experience since the discontinuance of the banks as fiscal agents, in May last—a period which, from the em barrassments in commercial intercourse, presented obstacles as great as any that may be hereafter apprehended. The manner of keeping the public money since that pe riod is fully stated in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury ; the officer also suggests the propriety of assign ing by law certain additional duties to existing establish ments and officers, which, with the modifications and safe guards referred to by him, will, he thinks, enable the depart ment to continue to perform this branch of the public ser vice without any material addition either to their number or to the present expense. The extent of the business to be transacted has already been stated, and in respect to the amount of money with which the officers employed would be intrusted at any one time, it appears that, as suming a balance of 5,000,000 to be at all times kept in the Treasury, and the whole of it left in the hands of the collectors and receivers, the proportion of each would not exceed an average of 30,000 dollars ; but that, deducting 1,000,000 for the use of the Mint, and assuming the re maining 4,000,000 to be in the hands of one half of the present number of officers, a supposition deemed more likely to correspond with the fact, the sum in the hands of each would still be less than the amount of most of the bonds now taken from the receivers of public money. Every apprehension, however, on the subject, either in respect to the safety of the money or the faithful discharge of these fiscal transactions, may, it appears to me, be effectually re moved by adding to the present means of the Trea sury the establishment by law, at a few important points, of officers for the deposit and disbursejnent of such portions of the public revenue as cannot, with ob vious safety and convenience, be left in the possession of the collecting officers until paid over by them to the public creditors. Neither the amounts retained in their hands, nor those deposited in the offices, would, in an ordi nary condition of the revenue, be larger in most cases than these often under the control of disbursing officers of the army and navy, and might be made entirely safe by re quiring such securities, and exercising such controlling su pervision as Congress may by law prescribe. The principle officers whose appointments would become necessary under this plan, taking the largest number suggested by the Secretary of the Treasury, would not exceed ten, nor the additional expenses, at the same estimate, 60,000 dollars a-year. There can be no doubt that the obligation of those who are intrusted with the affairs of Government, to conduct them with as little cost to the nation ;is is consistent with the public interest ; and it is for Congress, and ultimately for the people, to decide whether the benefits to be derived from keeping our fiscal concerns apart, and severing the connexion which has hitherto existed between the Govern ment and banks, offer sufficient advantages to justify the necessary expenses. If the object to be accomplished is deemed important to the future welfare of the country, I cannot allow myself to believe that the addition to the public expenditure, of comparatively so small an amount as will be necessary to effect it, will be objected to by the people. It will be seen by the report of the Postmaster-General, herewith communicated, that the fiscal affairs of that de partment have been successfully conducted since May last upon the principle of dealing only in the legal currency of the United States, and that it needs no legislation to main tain its credit and facilitate the management of its con cerns ; the existing laws being, in the opinion of that officer, ample for those objects. Difficulties will, doubtless, he encountered for a season, and increased services required from the public function aries, such as are usually incident to the commencement of every system, but they will be greatly lessened in the pro gress of its operations. The power and influence supposed to be connected with the custody and disbursement of the public money are topics on which the public mind is naturally, and with great pro priety, peculiarly sensitive. Much has been said on them, in ref•retice to the proposed separation of the Government from the banking institutions : and surely no one can object to any appeals or animadversions on the subject, which are consistent with facts, and evince a proper respect for the intelligence of the people. Ila chief magistrate may be allowed to speak for himself on such a point, I can truly say that to me nothing would be more acceptable than the withdrawal from the Executive, to the greatest practicable extent, of all concern in the custody and disbursement of the public reve nue ; not that I would shrink from any responsibility cast upon me by the duties of my office, but b.L•cause it is my firm belief, that its capacity for usefulness is in no degree promoted by the possession of any patronage not actually necessary to the performance of those duties. But. under our present form of government, the intervention of the Executive officers in the custody and disbursement of the public money seems to be unavoidable ; and before it can be admitted that the influence and power of the Executive would be increased by dispensing with the agency of banks, the nature of that intervention in such an agency must be carefully regarded, and a comparison must be instituted between its extent in the two cases. The revenue can only be collected by officers appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The public moneys, in the first instance, must therefore, in all cases, pass through hands selected by the Executive. Other officers appointed in the same way, or, as in some cases, by the President alone, must also be intrusted with them when drawn for the purpose of disbursement. It is thus seen that, even when banks are employed, the public funds must twice pass through the hands of Executive offi cers. Besides this, the head of the Treasury department, who also holds his office at the pleasure of the President, and some other officers of the same department, must necessarily b e invested with more or less power in the selection, continu ance, and supervision of the b.umks that may be employed. The question is then narrowed to the single point, whether, in the ibtermediete stage between the collection and dis tursement of the public money, the agency of banks is ne ceeeery to avoid a dangerous extension of the patronage and influence of the Executive 2 But is it clear that the connection of the Executive with powerful moneyed insti tutions, capable of ministering to the interests of men in points where they are most accessible to corruption, is less liable to abuse than his constitutional agency in the ap pointment and control of the few public officers required by the proposed plan I Will the public money, when in their hands, be necessa rily exposed to any improper interference on the part of the Neecutive ? May it not be hoped th at a p rudent fear of '' iti;s4iia i l and disapprobation in a matte r s o peTi cs iiarly them, will deter him from any such in -4,7e' iterfei-eratee - eete if higher motives be found inoperative ? 1 .,. I , ...oui; nikt.-.Cangeeits so, regulate, by law, the duty of those r " .:.7-'.....l6ert,4lLcrliOject it to such supervision and publicity, ',.--:: , --its ri_-proirdOt , iSp possibility of any serious abuse on the ( ~ a s The receipts into the Treasury, of bank notes, not re deemed in specie on demand, will not, I presume, be sanc tioned. It would destroy, without the excuse of war or public distress, that equality of imports, and identity of commercial regulation, which lie at the foundation of our confederacy, and would offer to each State a direct tempta tion to increase its foreign trade,'by depreciating the cur rency received for duties in its ports. Such a proceeding would also, in a great degree, frustrate the policy so highly cherished, of infusing into our circulation a larger pro portion of the precious metals—a policy, the wisdom of which none can doubt, though there may be different opinions as to the extent to which it should be carried. Its results have been already too auspicious, and its success is too closely interwoven with the future prosperity of the country to permit us for a moment to contemplate its aban donment. We have seen, under its influence, our specie augmented beyond eighty millions ; our coinage increased so as to make that of gold amount, between August, 1834, and December, 1836, to 10,000,000 dollars ; exceeding the whole coinage at the Mint during the 31 previous years. The prospect of further improvement continued without abatement until the moment of the suspension of specie payments. This policy has now indeed been suddenly checked, but is still far from being overthrown. Amidst all conflicting theories, one position is undeniable—the precious metals will invariably disappear when there ceases to be a necessity for their use as a circulating medium. It was in strict ac cordance with this truth, that whilst, in the month of May last, they were everywhere seen, and were current for all ordinary purposes, they disappeared from circulation the moment the payment of specie was refused by the banks, and the community tacitly agreed to dispense with its em ployment. Their place was supplied by a currency exclu sively of paper, and, in many cases, of the worst descrip tion. Already are the hank notes now in circulation greatly depreciated, so I they fluctuate in value between one place and other, thus diminishing and making uncertain the worth of property and the price of labour, and failing to sub serve, except at a heavy loss, the purposes of business. With each suceeding day the metallic currency decreases ; by some it is hoarded, in the natural fear that, once parted with, it cannot be replaced ; while by others it is diverted from its more legitimate uses fur the sake of gain. Should Congress sanction this condition of things, by making ir redeemable paper money receivable in payment of public dues, a temporary check to a wise and salutary policy will, in all probability, be converted into its absolute destruction. It is true that bank notes actually convertible into spe cie may be received in payment of the revenue, without be ing liable to all these objections, and that such a course may to some extent promote individual convenience, an object always to be considered where it does not con flict with the principles of our Government, or the ge neral welfare of the country. If such notes only were re ceived, and always under circumstances allowing their early presentation for payment, and if at short and fixed periods they were converted into specie, to be kept by the officers of the Treasury, some of the most serious obstacles to their reception would perhaps be removed. To retain the notes in the Treasury would be to renew, under another form, the loans of public money to the banks, and the evils consequent thereon. It is, however, a mistaken impression that any large amount of specie is required for public payments. Of the 70,000,000 or 80,000,000 now estimated to be in the coun try, 10,000,000 would be abundantly sufficient for that purpose, provided an accumulation of a lame amount of re venue, beyond the necessary wants of the Government, be hereafter prevented. If to these considerations be added the ficdities which will arise from enabling the Treasury to satisfy the public creditors by its draughts or notes re ceived in payment of the public dues, it may be safely as sumed that no motive of convenience to the citizen requires the reception of bank paper. To say that the refusal of paper money by the Govern ment introduces an unjust discrimination between the cur rency received by it, and that used by individuals in their ordinary affairs, is, in my judgment, to view it in a very erroneous light. The Constitution prohibits the states from making anything but gold and silver a tender in payment of debts, and thus secures to every citizen a right to de mand payment in the legal currency. To provide by la.v that the Government will only receive its dues in gold and silver, is not to confer on it any peculiar privilege, but merely to place it on an equality with the citizen by reserv ing to it a right secured to him by the Constitution. It is doubt less for this reason that the principle has b een sanc tioned by successive laws , from the time of the first Con gress under the Constitution down to the last. Such pre cedents, never objected to, and proceeding from such sources, afford a decisive answer to the imputation of in equality or injustice. But, in fact, the measure is one of restriction, not of favour. To forbid the public agent to receive in pay ment any other than a certain kind of money, is to refuse him a discretion possessed by every citizen. It may be left to those who have the management of their own transactions to make their own terms, but no such dis cretion should be given to him who acts merely as an agent of the people, who is to collect what the law requires, and to pay the appropriations it makes. When bank-notes are redeemed on demand, there is then no discrimination in reality, for the individual who receives them may at his option substitute the specie for them. He takes them from convenience or choice. When they are not go re deemed, it will scarcely be contended that their receipt and payment, by a public officer, should be permitted, thoilb none deny that right to an individual ; if it viere, the effect would be most injurious to the public, since their officer could make none of those arrangements to meet or guard against the depreciation which an individual is at li berty to do. Nor can inconvenience to the community be alleged as an objection to such a regulation. Its object and motive are their convenience and welfare. If, at a moment of sin n'taneous and unexpected suspen sion by the banks, it adds something to the many embar rassments of that proceeding, yet these are far overbalanced by its direct tendency to produce a wider circulation of gold and silver, to increase the safety of bank paper, to improve the general currency, and thus to prevent altoge ther such occurrences, and the other and far greater evils that attend them. It may, indeed, be questioned, whether it is not for the interest of the banks themselves that the Government should not receive their paper. They would be con. ducted with more caution, and on sounder principles. By using sp'cie only in its transactions, the Government would create a demand for it, which would, to a great ex tent, prevent its exportation, and by keeping it in circula tion, maintain a broader and safer basis for the paper cur rency. That the banks would thus be rendered more sound and the community more safe, cannot admit of a doubt. The foregoing views, it seems to me, do but fairly carry out the provisions of the federal Constitution in relation to the currency, as far as relates to the public revenue. At the time that instrument was framed, there were but three or four banks in the United States ; and had the extension of the banking system, and the evils growing out of it, been forere:n, they would probably have been specially guarded against. The same policy which led to the prohibition of bills of credit by the States, would, doubtless, in that event have also interdieted their issues as a currency in any other form. The Constitution, however, contains no such prohi bition ; and since the States have exercised for nearly half a century the power to regulate the business of banking, it is not to be expected that it will be abandoned. The whole matter is now under discussion before the proper tribunal—the people of the States. Never before has the public mind been so thoroughly awakened to a proper sense of its importance ; never has the subject in all its bearings been submitted to so searching an inquiry. It would be distrusting the intelligence and virtue of the people to doubt the speedy and efficient adoption of such mea sures of reform as the public good demands. All that can rightfully be done by the federal government to promote the accomplishment of that important object, will, without doubt, be performed. In the mean time, it is our duty to provide all the reme dies against a depreciated paper currency which the Con stitution enables us to afford. The Treasury department on several former occasions has suggested the propriety and importance of a uniform law concerning bankruptcies ofcor porations and other bankers. Through the instrumentality of such a law a salutary check may doubtless be imposed on the issues of paper money, and an effectual remedy given to the citizen in a way at once equal in all parts of the Union, and fully authorised by the Constitution. The indulgence granted by Executive authority in the payment of bonds for duties has been already mentioned. Seeing that the immediate enforcement of these obli ga ti ons would subject a large and highly respectable portion of our citizens to great sacrifices, and believing that a temporary postponement could be made without much detriment to other interests, and with increased certainty of ultimate payment, I did not hesitate to comply with the request that was made of me. The terms allowed are to the full extent as liberal as any that are to be found in the practice of the Executive department. It remains for Congress to decide whether a further postponement may not with pro priety be allowed, and if so, their legislation upon the sub ject is respectfully invited. The Report of the Secretary of the Treasury will ex halt the condition of these debts ; the extent and effect of the present indulgence ; the probable result of its further extension on the state of the Treasury, and every other fact necessary to a full consideration of the subject. Similar in formation is communicated in regard to such depositories of the public monks as are indebted to the Government, in order that Congress may also adopt the proper measures in regard to them. The receipts and expenditures for the first half of the year, and an estimate of those for the residue, will be laid before you by the Secretary of the Treasury. In his Report of December last, it was estimated that the current receipts would fall short of the expenditure by about 3,000,000 dol lars. It will be seen that the difference will be much greater. This is to be attributed not only to the occurrence of greater pecuniary embarrassments in the business of the country than those which were then predicted, and, consequently, a greater diminution in the revenue, but also to the fact that the appropriations exceeded by nearly 6,000,000 dollars the amount which was asked for in the estimate then submitted. The sum necessary for the service of the year beyond the probable receipts, and the amount which it was intended should be reserved in the Treasury at the commencement of the year, will be about 6,000,000 dollars. If the whole of the reserved balance be not at once applied to the cur rent expenditures, but 4,000,000 dollars be still kept in the Treasury, as seems most expedient for the uses of the Mint, and to meet contingencies, the sum needed will be 10,000,000 dollars. In making this estimate, the receipts are calculated on the supposition of some further extension of the indulgence granted in the payment of bonds for duties, which wi!l affect the amount of the revenue for the present year to the extent of 2,500,000 dollars. It is not proposed to procure the required amount by loans or increased taxation. There are now in the Treasury 9,367,214 dollars directed by the Act of the 23J of June, 1836, to be deposited with the States in October next. This sum, if so deposited, will be subject, under the law, to be recalled, if needed, to defray existing a ppropriations ; and as it is now evident that the whole, or the principal part of it, will be wanted for that purpose, it appears most proper that the deposits should be withheld. Until the amount can be collected from the banks, Treasury notes may be temporarily issued, to be gradually redeemed as it is received. _ . I am aware that this course may be productive of incon venience to many of the States. Relying upon the icts of Congress which held out to them the strong probability, if not the certainty of receiving this instalment, they have in some instances adopted measures with which its retention may seriously interfere. That such a condition of things should have occurred is much to be regretted. It is not the least among the unfortunate results of the disasters of the times, and it is for Congress to devise a fit remedy. if there be one. The money being indispensable to the wants of the Treasury, it is difficult to conceive upon what principle of justice or expediency its application to that o bject can be avoided. To recall any portions of the sums already depo sited with the States would be more inconvenient and less efficient. To burden the country with increased taxation when there is in fact a large surplus revenue, would be un just and unwise ; to raise monies by loans under such cir cumstances, and thus to commence a new national debt, would scarcely be sanctioned by the American people. The plan proposed will be adequate to all our fiscal ope rations during the remainder of the year. Should it be adopted, the Treasury, aided by the ample resources of the country, will be able to discharge punctually every pecu niisry obligation. For the future all that is needed wig be that caution and forbearance in appropriations which the diminution of the revenue requires, and which the complete accomplishment or great forwardness of many expensive national undertakings renders equally consistent with pru dence and patriotic liberality. The preceding suggestions and recommendations are submitted, in the belief that their adoption by Congress will enable the Executive department to conduct our fiscal concerns with success so far as their management has been committed to it. Whilst the objects and the means fTeposi d to attain them are within the constitutional powers, and appropriate duties, they will at the same time, it is hoped, by their necessary operation, afford essential aid in the transaction of individual concerns, and thus yield relief to the people at large in a form adapted to the nature of our Government. Those who look to the action of this Government for specific aid to the citizen, to relieve embarrassments arising from losses by revulsion' in commerce and credit, lose sight of the ends for which •it was created, and the powers with which it is clothed. It was established to give security to us all, in our lawful and honourable pursuits, under the lasting safeguard of Repub lican ies iiutions. It was not intended to confer special favours on individuals, or on any classes of them, to create systems of agriculture, manufactures, or trade, or to engage in th em , e i t h er sepa rately or in connexion with individual citizens or organized associations, If its operation were to be directed for the benefit of any ono class, equivalent favours must, in justice, be extended to the rest ; and the attempt to bestow such f tvours with an equal hand, or even to select those who should most deserve them, would ne%er be successful. All coinmuniii , qs are apt to look to Government for too much. Even in our own country, where its powers and duties are so strictly limited, we are prone to do so, espe c i a lly a t pe riods of sudden embarrassments and distress. . _ But this ought not to be. The framers of our excellent. Constitution, and the people who approved it with calm and sagacious deliberation, acted at the time on a sounder prin ciple. They wisely judged that the loss Government inter feres with private pursuits, the better for the general prop , parity. It is not its legitimate object to make men rich, or to repair, by direct grants of money, or legislation in favour of particular pursuits, losses not incurred in the pub lic service. This would be substantially to use the property of some for the benefit of others. But its real cli4ty-,-that duty, the performance of which makes a good Government the most precious of human blessings—is to enact incl en. force a system of general laws commensurate with, but not cKae:lding, the objects of its establishment ; and to l ea ve every citizen an 4 every interest to reap, under its benign protection, the rewudi of virtuer ititiustri l an d prudence, TILE SUN, LONDON, FRI DAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1837. I cannot doubt that on this,•as on all similar occasions, the Federal Government will find its agency most conducive to the security and happiness of the people, when limited to the exercise of its conceded powers. In never assuming, even for a well•meant object, such powers as were not de signed to be conferred upon it, we shall, in reality, do most for the general welfare. To avoid every unnecessary inter ference with the pursuit of the citizen will result in more benefit than to adopt measures which could only assist limited interests, and are eagerly, but perhaps naturally sought for, under the pressure of temporary circumstances. If, there£o►e, I refrain from suggesting to Congress any specific plan for regulating the exchanges of the country, relie%ing mercantile embarrassments, or interfering with the ordinary operations of foreign or domestic commerce, it is from a conviction that such measures are not within the constitutional province of the General Government ; and th►;t their adoption would promote the real and permanent welfare of those they might be designed to aid. • The difficulties and distresses of the times, though un questionably great, are limited in their extent, and cannot be regarded as affecting the permanent prosperity of the nation. Arising in a degree from the transactions of foreign and domestic commerce, it is upon them that they have chiefly fallen. The great agricultural interest has, in many parts of the country, suffered comparatively little ; and, as Providence intended to display the munificence of its good ness at the moment of our greatest ne..d, and indirect con trast to the evils occasioned by the waywardness of man, we have been blessed throughout our extended territory with a season of general health and of uncommon fruit fulness. The proceeds of our great staples will soon furnish the means of liquidating debts at home and abroad, and contribute equally to the revival of commercial activity, and the restoration of commercial credit. The banks, established avowedly for its support, deriving their profits from it, and resting under obligations to it which cannot be overlooked, will feel at once the necessity and justice of uniting tbei.. energies with those of the ►nercrntile interest. The sus pension of specie payments, at such a time, and under such circumstances as we have lately witnessed, could not be other than a temporary measure ; and we can scarcely err in believing that the period must soon ar rive when all that are solvent will redeem their issues in gold and silver. Dealings abroad naturally depend on resources and prosperity at home. If the debt of our merchants has accumulated, or their credit is impaired, these are fluctuations always incident to extensive or extra vagant mercantile transactions. But the ultimate security of such obligations does not admit of question. They are guaranteed by the resources of a country, the fruits of Whose industry afford abundant means of ample liquidation, and by the evident interest of every merchant to sustain a credit, hitherto high, by promptly applying these means for its preservation. 1 deeply regret that events have occurred which require me to ask your consideration of such serious topics. I could have wished that in making my first communication to the assembled representatives of my country I had noth ing to dwell upon but the history of her unalloyed pros perity. Since it is otherwise, we can only feel more deeply the responsibility of the respective trusts that have been confided to us, and under the pressure of difficulties unite in invoking the guidance of the Supreme Ruler of Ndtions, and in labouring with zealous resolution to overcome the difficulties by which we are environed. It is under such circumstances a high gratification to know, by long experience, that we act for a people to whom the truth, however unpromising, can always be spoken with safety ; for the trial of whose patriotism no emergency is too severe, and who are sure never to desert a public functionary honestly labouring for the public good. It seems just that they should receive, without delay, any aid in their embarrassments which your deliberations can afford. Com ing directly from the midst of them, and knowing the course of events in every section of our country, from you may best be learned as well the extent and nature of those embarrass ments as the most desirable measure of relief. I am aware, however, that it is not proper to detain you at present longer than may be demanded by the special ob jects for which you are convened. To them, therefore, I have confined my communication ; and, believing it will not be your own wish to extend your deliberations beyond them, I reserve till the usual period of your annual meeting that general information on the state of the Union which the Constitution requires me to give. Washington, Sept. 4, 1837. M. VAN BUREN. A letter from Heidelberg says—" In the course of the present autumn we may expect to see again our dis tinguished countryman, the celebrated naturalist, Solomon Muller, after an absence of nearly 14 years. In 1825, M. Muller joined a party of scientific men, who were sent to travel through the islands of the eastern Archipelago, at the expense of the Mitch Government. M. Muller is the only survivor. He explored Java, Timor, Celebes, the Moluccas, New Guinea, and a number of small islands, and spent three years in Sumatra, where in 23 degrees south latitude, he discovered a mountain 2,030 feet high, consisting entirely of the richest iron ore, without any mixture of any other mineral. In Sumatra he lost the last of his companions, the painter, Van Ort. He afterwards visited Borneo, in com pany with Dr. Horner, from Zurich, where he penetrated 250 miles into the interior. Here he made a most-inte resting collection of specimens in the various departments of natural history. Among others he has brought with him an ourang•outang of the enormous size of five feet two inches, Paris measure, and seventeen of a smaller size. On his re turn it is hoped he will make known his important discove ries, whicli cannot fail to prove interesting to all the lovers of science, as he has explored, during his stay in India, a num ber of forests and mountains where no European had set foot before him." MONTT BE. NC.—On the 22d of August lest Mr. Atkins, from Berkshire ; Mr. Pedwol, likewise an Eng lishman ; and Mr. Hedrengen, an officer in the Swedish Artillery, set off from La Prieure, with ten guides and six volunteers, favoured by the finest weather possible. At four o'clock in the afternoon, after a fatiguing and dangerous journey, they arrived at the rock known by the name of the Grands Mulcts. During the night the thermometer sank to five degrees below Zero of Reaurnur (20 deg. of Fahren heit.) At two o'clock in the morning they quitted their cold bivouac, and, favoured by the light of the moon, they proceeded so rapidly that they had reached the summit of Mont Blanc at a quarter past ten the same morning. The enterprising travellers remained there about an hour and a half, to enjoy the magnificent panorama which presented itself to their view. Towards the Italian side of the moun tain the thermometer stood at 5 deg. (20 Fahrenheit), but towards the Swiss side it stood at 10 deg. (about Zero of Fahrenheit). At three o'clock in the afternoon they reached the Grands Mulcts on their return ; and at seven in the evening they were again in the vale of Chamouny, where a numerous party were anxiously awaiting them. A most alarming and destructive fire broke out on Sunday evening about 8, in an extensive range of buildings near the Folly wharf, Hertford, in the occupation of Messrs. Andrews, Taylor, Jackson, and others. About a quarter to 8, Duncan, superintendent of police, who was at the station-house, having sent policeman No. 6 to prevent dis turbance at the chapel door at the back street, the police man observed a light in that direction, and immediately pro ceeded to this spot, when the fire was of course discovered. The Hertford engines were in the most prompt manner upon the spot, but, considerable disinclination was at first felt to approach too near, when it was stated that on the premises occupied by Mr. Taylor a considerable quantity of gun powder was kept ; however, after a short time had elapsed, the gunpowder, which was about 601 b. weight, exploded, but being kept in separate canisters, and not closely packed, the report was not so loud as might have been anticipated. The engines then commenced playing, and from the supply of water (the place being contiguous to the river Lee), and the number of persons who were immediately on the spot to render assistance, the flames were speedily subdued, not, however, till the whole range, which was composed of timber and infl ►mmable materials, was reduced to a heap of smoking ruins. The Ware engine was very early on the spot, and rendered most effectual assistance. We has e not heard of the slightest accident ; and too much praise cannot be given to the authorities of the town and most of the inhabitants, to whose exertions it may be attributed that the conflagration was subdued without extending fur ther.—Hertford paper. Lieutenants Shaw and Harkness, and Ensign T. W. Walker, all of the 61st Regiment, were unfortunately drowned by the upsetting of a sail-boat in a squall, at Trincomalee harbour, Ceylon, on the 22d of May last. Two Lieutenancies and three Ensigncies become vacant by this fatal calamity. Five natives perished with the above officers. Lieutenants Shaw and Harkness were married and had families. A letter, descriptive of this deplorable e vent, has been received in Limerick.—Limerick Chronicle. On Sunday morning last a robbery, as singular as it was audacious, was discovered in the Ministry of Com merce. It was committed in the very cabinet of the Minis ter himself ; and it is calculated that at least 6,000 francs in bank bills, together with medals and coins in gold, silver, and bronze, were taken out of the desk of M. Martin du Nord. It was soon evident that the robbery had not been committed by any burglars having broken in ; and, upon the arrival of the police at the ministry, a very strict inves tigation took place, the result of which is not yet known. Recent letters from Alexandria mention the arrival there of an iron steam-boat, built at Liverpool, for the use of the Paella. She is represented as a masterpiece of ele gappe, solidity, and lightness. She was intended to navi gate the Nile, and draws only three feet of water, yet proved a good sea boat, and made the passage from Liver -001 to Alexanqria in eighteen days ikthe is not, however, expected to prove of much value tinder the grab ofAcers to whom the command has been intrusted. These men ere at all times wretched sailors, but o f s t eam navigtition they un derstand nothing at all, LAW INTELLIGENCE. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, SEPT. 28. George Furby was opposed in person by a Jew named Hart. The case, from the manner in which it wa; con ducted, and the legal knowledge displiyed by Hart, aff.jrded some amusement. The insolvent, who had been twice discharged, had rented, as a basket-maker, a " cellar" of the opposing creditor, who now claimed 251. He prayed yesterday that the case might htand over until to-day, to prepare his opposition, us he had been much engaged at Birmingham during the musical festival, where he attended to decorate the visitors with " fancy dresses." Time was granted him, and he came to-day in a state of preparation. Hart was asked by the Learned Chief Commissioner what he was. He said he was a tailor and a clothes salesman.. CHIEF COMMISSIONER—Anything else, Mr. Hart ? H a general dealer. CHIEF COMMISSIONER—Go on with the number of your professions. Hatt—Why I have, then, a good idea of things in general.—( Laughter.) • , The creditor stated that the insolvent represented that he was a re , p •'able man, and— CHIEF COMMISSIONER—And could afford, I suppose, to take a •• ta:lar ?"—tLoud laughter.) II irt represented that such was the case. The CHIEF COMMISSIONER desired him, among his " good ideas," to go slowly with his evidence. The creditor complained that he had not obtained his rent. He called his man, who corroborated his evidence. He inquired whether he should call his son, who could give the same evidence. He was called up, and in answer to a question said what his father had stated was the truth. The Learned CHIEF C,OMMISSIONEIt saw Mr. Hart was an experienced man. He must have attended Courts of Justice. Hart thought he was not " experienced," and then put some direct questions to his son. CHIEF COMMISSIONER—Ah, I see you understand. You are what we lawyers call leading the witness.—( Laughter.) Hart denied the imputation of being a " lawyer." The CHIEF COMMISSIONER asked the son, a sharp little fellow, whether ho was a " barker ?"—(Loud laughter.) The son denied that he was of that capacity. The insolvent's son was called to prove an offer he had made to Hart. • He said he was, like his father, a " little deaf." He was certainly his son, or expected he was.—(Roars of laughter.) The Coua•r was of opinio'n that, considering the length ened period the insolvent had been in prison, he was en titled to his discharge. lie was accordingly discharged. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. GUILDHALL. Yesterday Robert Webb, a bargeman in the service of Messrs. Parker, at Hambro' Wharf, was brought up by Collyer, a City policeman, to be examined touching the death of a young woman, whose name is unknown, and who was drowned about twelve o'clock the preceeding night. Joseph Page, a watchman employed at Hambro' Wharf, in Upper Thames -street, stated that the prisoner and the captain of the barge came down with two women and passed over the craft to their own barge about half-past eleven at night. A quarter of an hour afterwards another watchman mentioned to him that there was a good deal of running about in a barge, and he hailed to know what was the matter. A boy answered that a woman was over board. Witness went into a warehouse for a drag, and his mate went immediately to assist the parties. Witness got into a punt and dragged about, but could not find the body, nor had it been found since. Mr. Alderman LUCAS asked, what was the state of the tide ? The witness said it was flood tide, and he was surprised that he could not find the body. The Alderman told him t• repeat what anybody said at the time. The witness said the barge was empty. The woman who was drowned was going to leave soon after she went on board, saying the prisoner was as drunk as a beast ; but she returned to him in the hold. As witness was approach ing, he heard them say, " There she is," and the captain trembled so much while they were dragging, that witness thought he would overturn the boat. The women were decent sort of persons. J. Westmacott, the son of the captain, said he was ten years and a half old. His father went into the cabin with one woman, and the prisoner went into the hold with the other. The woman was going to get upon another barge, when her foot slipped off the plank. She had not said anything before this. The man was laying tipsy at the bottom of the barge at the time. His father has a wife and five children at home at Abingdon. Sarah Lowens, of No. 5, Curriers'-row, Blackfriars, said she was in the cabin with the captain, when they heard the plank go, and the boy cry out," The woman's overboard." They went immediately to her assistance, and saw her, but were unable to reach her, or to get the boat loose, till the watchman came. She was called " Rosy Poll," because she was fresh culoured, but she knew nothing more of the young woman. John Westmacott, the Captain, made a statement pre cisely similar to the first witness, except that he said the watchman did not come to his aid for ten minutes after the accident happened. Page said he blamed the Captain for not giving an alarm. It was only the continued bustle on board that caused him to ask what was the matter. Mr. Alderman LUCAS said the conduct of the Captain, in suffering such a boy to be a witness of such immorality, was very gross. He should detain both the Captain and his mate till the body was found. The prisoners were remanded. MARLBOROUGH-STREET. John Harrison, a sturdy vagrant, was brought before Mr. CHAMBERS, charged with begging. Mr. CHAMBERS-Why did you beg? Prisoner—Be cause I was hard up. Mr. CHAMBERS—Who saw the man begging ?—A per sonage, who gave his name Robert Chapman, quite an ori ginal in his way, stepped forward and said—Your Worship, I was walking down Grosvenor-mews last night, when the man came up and asked me to give him something. "My good fellow," says I, " why should I g ive you an y thi ng ? I know nothing about you. If I did know you I'd give you my mite ; but as I don's I won't even give you a glass of water." " You and your water be d—d," says he, " I hope to have the pleasure of seeinr , you want a glass of water yourself in h—." " My good fellow," says I, " you shan't abuse me so ; I'll know something more about you before we part." " You re a Mendicity man, I suppose, but," says he, catching up a large piece of brick, " now touch me if you dare." "My good fellow," says I, pulling out a pistol, " if you throw that brick at me I'll certainly shoot you." The policeman came up at the time, and 1 gave him into custody. Mr. CHAMBERS—Da you usually carry pistols about with you Witness—Yes, because I travel a great deal. Horsford, a Mendicity constable, said the man was a no torious begger, and had been in prison for the offence. Upon this additional evidence Mr. Chambers sent the man to prison for three months. Q UEEN-SQ UA RE. George Firth, a very respectable man, who has, we understand, formerly been a publican, was yesterday charged with having fraudulently paid away a check for the value of 51. Bs., there being no effects. The case was not fully gone into, and the prisoner was remanded. HATTON-GARDEN. Yesterday Mary Daly, a well-looking woman, between thirty and forty years of age, was brought before Mr. LAING, in the custody of Barnard 110 G division, charged with intermarry ing with Forester, a law-stationer, her first husband_ being alive. Nathaniel Forrester married the prisoner by license at the New Church, Brompton, Middlesex, who had described herself as a widow, since which she had acknowledged her self to have been married to Charles Daly, who played the Pantaloon at the Sans Pared Theatre, but the marriage was never consummated. . Mr. Charles Phillips, the barrister, appeared for the de fence—l ask you, upon your oath, Sir, did you not call a policeman, when she was undressed, and in bed, to take her into custody ? Prosecutor-1 did call in a policeman. Mr. Phillips—And did you not, since he has been in custody, send to her to settle this business? Prosecutor —I did send to her, but not to settle this business ; it was to know if she wanted anything. Here the prisoner was exceedingly affected, and went into violent hy s t er i cs an d M r . L a i ng or d ere d h er t o b e carried out of Court into the housekeeper's room, and, after a con siderable lapse of time she appeared again, and the magi strdte ordered her a chair. Ellen Archer, of No. 11, Serlo's-place, stated that the prisoner informed her that she was married to Daly, at St. George's, Hanover-square but directly after the ceremony her friends took her away, and sent her to the country, be cause they did not like the match,. Mr. Phillips—Now, Ma'cu, I have to put a question or two to you. Do you know the prosecutor ? Witness— I do. Mr. Phillips—Did he not send you to the prisoner in the station-house, to say if she paid him 20/. he would not pro ceed against her ? Witn ess —N g, Mr. Phillips—Thep shall prove he did. I call Inspec tor Aobium, Inspector Rohinson, of G division being sworn, stated that she came last Sunday morning to the station house, and asked tO the pr;soner, as she had something very poioulail to say to her. Mr. LAING (to Archer)—Are you to,o a Ittoman Catho lic ? Witness-1 aipl Mr. LAING—Then you must be sworn again on the cross. Cross yourself as you do when at your devotions. Tie oath was here administered after she had signed her self with the cross. Mr. LAING (b e f ore th e b oo k was t a ken away)— the re :s. M. Phillips (to I ns p ector Robinson)-When this wo-_ man came to the s t a ti on -h ouse , te ll me what you heard her say. Inspector—She said th a t s h e cou ld manage the matter by paying 201. T present here was a Sergeant of Police kiss at the time. Mr. LAING —How many persons were present at the station-house at the time? Witness—There were several, your Worship. Mr. Phillips—The prisoner has been married to Bird, a respectable tailor at the west end of the town,wit n whom she lived happily for many years, and he knew the, circumstances of her case with Dale, and the marriag e " a not been consummated. W had not he died he left her soil pry ray Oco'cing qn:ticantly et the prosecutor) ; b ut have much more to prove on the subject. Mr. LAING would admit her to bail, and he ordered the case to be remanded to a future day. The office w:s crowded to hear the case, and the Ma gistrate ordered that every accommodation should be affor ded to the prisoner. Several respectable persons applied to ascertain the amount of bail r equ i re d, a nd they were . Iformed two substantial housekeepers in one hundred pound s each. WORSHIP-STREET. Yesterday Mary Mallon, an Irishwoman, with an infant to her arms, was brought up before Mr. CODD, having been found in the streets in a state of destitution. T he poor child appeared in the last stage of existence. The onfif tun.ite mother stated that she had applied to the Paris h officers of :3t. Luke's, and that they had refused to 4° ' lq t Ler. Mr. CODD directed Eagles, an officer of the establi'b' ment, to apply to Mr. Hamlin, the relieving overseer, an d to take the woman with him. Eagles, according to his instructions, saw the r elieving' overseer, and represented her distressed situation, Who she was promptly admitted. 7'H AME S OFFICE. Yesterday John Row, a man about 35 years of age, who stated himself to be a sailor, was brought before Mr. BAL.' LANTINE and Mr. B RODERIP , c h arge d w i t h b e i n g COO cerned in running ashore a quantity of smuggled tobacco. The Custom House information charged the prisoner with carrying and conveying, and assisting in carrying and Nu; veying, 6441b5. of foreign manufactured tobacco, which had been unshipp e d f rom a certa i n vesse l , customs an d ot her duties not having been paid and secured. Mr. BRODERIP sentenced the prisoner to pay a fine Of 1001. to the Queen, and be imprisoned until such fine $ 135 paid. Mr. BALLANTINE—WeII, do you mean to let him off on paying 40s. ? Mr. Cook—No, Sir ; the Board of Customs has made no order in this case. The law will take its course. Mr. BALLANTINE-I think it ought, indeed. The Swiss Association for the Promotion of Publi c Welfare held their meeting this year at Geneva. The So ciety proposes to itself more particularly the investigation o• three points of equal importance ; popular education, h a ' tional industry, and the best plan of relief for the P oor' On the subject of e d uca ti on th e S oc i ety came to an unar!ti nious resolution that no e d ucat i on was of any value if it di . not propose moral cultivation and improvement as the Pr' !nary object of its endeavours. Zellweger, from St. Gal len ' had sent in a treatise to condemn any interference on the part of Government in matters connected with the cor n laws ; but, at the same time, he admitted that the peeuliir position of Switzerland made it desirable to form magazines of flour as a provision against times of scarcity. This trea tise led to a li ve l y discussion. A p a p er b y. Professor do, Candolle, on the history and future prospects of saving s banks in Switz er l an d, exc i te d muc h i nterest. It was ag reed that the next meeting should be held in Berne. MICHAELMAS.—Mr. Douce is quoted by g r ' Brand as saying, " I h ave somewhere seen the following reason for eating goose on Michaelmas day—viz., that Queen Elizab e th rece i ve d t h e news of the defeat o f the Spanish Armad a , w hil s t s h e was eat i ng a goose on Michael mas Day, and th a t i n commemoration o that event, she ever afterwards on th at d ay di ne d on a goose. " This Arl Brand regard s as strong proo f that the custom prevan „j e• , even at Court in Q ueen Eli za b et h' s t i me ; and o bservikig that it was in use in the tenth year of King Edward the Fourth, he represents it to have been a practice in Queen Elizabeth's reign, before the event of the Spanish defeat, from the Posies of Gascoigne, published in 1575 ; " And when the tenauntes come To paic their quarter's rent, They bring some fowle at Midsummer, A dish of fish in Lent, At Christmas a capon, At Michaelmas A GOOSE ; And somewhat else a t New-yeare's tide, For feare their lease fie loose." MR. BARON GURNEY ON DRUNKENNESS.-"" I should regret exceedingly if it should be deemed by any one that the reading of that proclamation is a mer e act of formality. It is a solemn admonition to us all in our several stations to promote the welfare of the public by the suppression of vice in every form. Not merely to Judges, not merely to Magistrates, does that proclamation apply, but to all persons ; and, gentlemen, we who are called peri o di ca lly to ass i st i n t h e adm i nistration of etilni?e, justice, t o repress cr i me , to d el i ver the innocent an d punish the guilty, happy should we he if our labours and -anxieties were diminished by the prevention of crime. If that ex cellent proclamation were attended to, we should be able to walk our streets without our ears being offended with t e e , language of i m pi e t y an d o b scen i ty ; our eyes woul d no t insulted by th e d a il y s i g h t o f men degrading themse l ve s +0 the condition of beasts by the administration of intoxicati n g, liquors. C r im e wou ld b e di m i nished if that one v ice 0 ,..t drunkenness could be suppressed. In a county next %ti e joining to thi s it was my pa i n to observe that in one of t, blackest calendars 1 have ever seen, not less than one-th °. .„ of the crimes were to be ascribed to the influence of in te L li t cation. I wo u ld earnest l y exhort not only Magistrates b pi parish officers, and all oth er persons, to ass i st i n repressing tillg s crime. I have had means o f k now i ng, also, that the 1:6„ ters of manufact or i es may exerc i se a very wholesom e in fluence indeed in p u tti ng i t d own ; and if they will but ex ercise it with firmn ess t owar d s t h ose who are under theirs. , I am sure that the v i ce w ill thereby he very much ditPi nished. If all w h o are good and virtuous woul d e xert do themselves by m ora l an d rel i gious persuasion to Pre`ved-0 people from ind u l g i ng i n t hi s dreadful habit that wo uld' • great deal ; but if all other means should be ineffee tua a let those who are drunkards read in the eyes of everY g a l ia and virtuo us man t h e condemnation of his vice, and, fro' na does ther e i s reason to hope that h e ma y be reclaime d e that way w hi c h inevitably leads to destruction. I uff taken leave to make these observations in consequon c 7,: e the experience I have had of the misery to which the e t % of drunkenness leads. It arms the hand with vi° len F - ; gives the dishonest man spirit to go through the crime which which he meditates ;it leads very often to a degree or ,• lence which the man who engages in it did not at first c o s template ; and it often gives him courage to imbrue his in blood.—Charge to the Grand Juu at Chester Ali : " from the Scottish Guardian. A Moldv FEVER AND CuoLEßA.—Wallachia an d - - via, it a pp ears , are comparatively free from di sea se, w a i ri l d so many porti ons o f E urope are d esolate d by fever of cholera. A private lett er s t a t es t h at " t h e introduc tion Morrison's Pills into th e countr i es fi rst na med has t‘ n e„.ipljai greatly to dimini s h t h ose i n fl ammatory maladies , were *ace so p reva l ent ;" an d concludes with serio y recommending th e i r genera l adoption." __ SILVER TEA AND COFFEE SERVICES.. a T. COX SAVORY, 47, Cornhill, London, offers for select:to:rat_ elegant and most extensive assortment of Silver Tea Services, •• . i ) a, ing in price from 151. to 30/., the service a Tcaot, and Milk Ewer. The ground-floor, and first, second, and third 1 1 ° as, are fitted up expressly for the display of Plate and Plated GV, c , • and a Pamphlet is -,' • oven gratis with Drawings, aith, T. COX SAVORY, Got& ''Watchmaker,' and Silversin mith, 47, Cornhill, London. . . —....2.1."" Sugar 13,t0b0, On s t_h r e w r_th sq i . n , st o . f , a at da G u l g e h li n t r , l i . d r i Fn ' g li , Westmoreland, the ladY 13( 14. l W ad A y At of Kk c e ) a , p n t s a h r :a n un N bu ew ry ai f i l , o E u . se l , N Ch s eltenham, on the 26th inst., th e Price, Esq., of a daughter . . On the 27th inst., at The Lawn, South Lambeth, the wife Of J.. p • N. S. of a son. MA R R I E D On the 25th inst , at St. Johnto's Anne, 11 o la e n s e t h d e:t o e c r , M' jean Ater of the late o Mr. John Richardson, of P;ecadilly, e, llran u egester. uth' n the 26th inst., at Gloucester, Mr. It. A. Goodman, of s o ° , t he isaqtuearTe., Ridler,Gr_ay's lE.nsnq,.:oolficGitolor,actoestlketra.rtha, youngest daughter I -forth , On the 26th inst., at Tandridge, the Rev. Thomas Stan' ma Rector of Bolton-by-Bolland, Craven, - to Harriet, second dzog" of C. H. Turner, Esq., of Rook's Nest, Surrey. ha ,,ing On the 28th inst., at St. Geor“e's, Hanover-square l d es ), been previously united according to the Roman Catholic riof James Reade, Esq., of Devonshire-street, Portland -place , s°ll to the late G. Reade, Esq., of Three Bridges, county Kilkentior, Arabella Phillis, only child of the late S. Denton, Esq. , °f , sell-square. E ,t,,aro On the 27th inst., at west Monckton. Somersetsbire C , ti n ei Jeffries Esdaile, eldest son of E. J. Esdaile, Esq. , of House, to Eliza lanthe, grand-daughter of Sir T. Shelley, t. 0 . of Field-place, Sussex, and niece of Mrs. Beaucha m p , 180 ° F, Beauchamp, Esq., of Walford House. o t s t t o ,: DIED. Eg4'' On the 25th inst. , aged 21, Edward , son of T. KingsleYP of the Grum Camberwell, Surrey, whilst bathing from a I" off Elamsgate. At Bath, Sarah, relict of Paul Amsinck, Esq., aged 74' London: Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNut COal 112, Strand, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand , in the c of Middlesex.--Friday, September 29, un.