The Sun. — London, England, 1846-02-26 00:00:00

~~' yesterday sada, ha an 0 6 " ont i n ent• ,d a ned bY Barone her Ph' ducted by ;. !seated t 4. icon 6 ' tt epee, fr'vj , StY, 5 V 113 1,4 'any el g i g h. or d Prig G ; of th; Home op e Pue b lo Trade, rd the ? the ter 0 ' Alb ert. l o les g a Arch r ii l s id oro L eer, s'c ol i oul 3ol Cler k of be barnhe r l 1, the 11 dor of 1 1313 1,0, baxa ber i,ori iu " 0 service iad aata ed. P i pt c ° ? hope - - ded i° o Lt visite bcr t,be yd, 29 ,0 . ' 9 coed n b °F; s Eq uer"„ ter al acen, )11eteel the ; t 1 (0 0, 1 the ''qpeil" ess d e teio; )e rtoti o a " T ier, a niche -5 00 ,d to g el( ' ) the Ge e ea ore. if t hfr frolP O' It ;friV; e te It A ,''' f t j o a rt t 0,4 • 4)es or Sri e c o was e ° f vr f stO o VJ t, ,,i, l e i, ers o it csof , ' :oti w s f.° p‘,l 4 C . •„F-5 0- o 'aV tale, se c e, s t, Fi t eolViir B est . o Tg, c 'eet, o s 3; ; ,t oespi;foet „ I r agtobtP o t , 61 0 m c otta / • i' er t i ,e g ...._,___ -DISGRACEFUL ( USAGE OF CORO NER'S JURORS. t , TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. , a 'xrt,--I am not aware whether it is the custom in most 12!PI ces (I hope and believe not), but here it is the practice „j.urors, as soon as quitting the scene of death and misery, raleil generally on such occasions is presented in. its most 9Palling form, and, if rightly regarded, would lead to solemn rOllght and reflection, to repair to some neighbouring ale -I()use,. and there spend the money paid them by the coroner, ‘" which each juror adds an additional sum to defray the !/Penses of a hot joint and such other things as are thought inaecesesary to complete an evening's conviviality, or (to use a ~Tn IY phrase) an evening's downright enjoyment. I would 1 4 1 .is this in accordance - with the refinement of our age? 1, 0 _ 1 ;1 usage (revolting as it must appear to most) one that it . 11 Abe ketable men. Perpetuated or not? lam sure, Sir, you will say r es l3 a '-usgraceful practice, and far from reflecting credit upon Would it not be betterio apply the money t i?,,,° lll s ch ar i table use, such as relieving the wants of the ....V'essd relat ives, or burying the unfortunate deceased.? dientl y i am, Atr, E ditor, with every mark ,, of respect,. yours obe , S 11%3111%1N. A COMTAIN T. READER. T HE IVAR IN INDIA.. Ste p OFFICERS KILLED, &C. Vfficp -Q BERT lIFNRY Sate, G.C.B.—Thie much lamented yeaeet was the second son of the late Colonel Sale, for many da4k.otntenreocftive officer of the East India Company, by the s hire, e,_ .11enry Brine, Esq., of Buckden, Huntingdon- Inee r i e ,,eee e‘ as born in 1782, in the north of Ireland, and e tsq. m e . 01 1809 the daughter of the late George Meyrick, Feet ie'lr Robert entered the army as ensign in the 36th toe, %7,95, being then hut 13 years of age. His commis 'taros t aus dated :—Lieutenant, April 12, 17 9' ; Captain, e ene e 23, 1806; Major, December 30, 1813; Lieut.-Colpnel, t he le, 1825 ; Colonel, June 23, 1838; Colonel-in-Chief of le, i e lh or Prince Albert's Regiment of Light Infantry, Dec. sterin'433; Re served at the battle of Molerelly, and siege and lil ter (4 Seri ngapatam, in 1799: for the latter he received a Ttgaern co 1. Was present'throu g ho u t th e campaign in the ritee t untry in 1801 ; served at the storming . 1816 'lNN nefines in 1809, at the capture of the Mauritius in 4411 41% Ra in 1824 particularly distinguished ki dti. in n d t he storming of the stockades near Kemmenline, ' I) c-n " uc ting the operations of the sth, Bth, and 15th efle:steirltber_lB24. Commanded a brigade at the reducion %de f iere, ekc in 1825 - was nominated a C. B. for t h is leeB c at Pr ' olue and ' Malouri in 1825-6. In October, ibgaielteaeSe appointeda to the command of the let Bengal the at ay of the Indus, which formed the advance r 4 t 3 , It - t'd'aign in Affghanistan ; commanded the storming lief,ieh uuznee, under the late Lord Keane, on the 23d of wea non he was severely wounded. Shortly afterwards ..Rtserei itMllated a K.C.B. and received the rank of major pee el' Atr ghanistan , he was also presented with the ~,,"e colie e ass medal of the Order of the Dooranee em . pire. ot e'llet ry -aoded the force sent to subdue the Kohistan eh r4 ltee,,' ll September, 1810, and after numerous "an and tur compelled D.,st Mahommed k' t° surrenderp • es' de • aph, hurTelf to . the care of Sir William eft ef ' ,..!' e ° ; for these servicesdistinguished . he received the 4:1141a1,13,0rder of the Dooranee empire. In 1842 hedefended e t ti t ii e : ° . u nder very disadvantageous circumstances, and 'Oki gitnated a G:C.B. for his services on the occasi9n. tr weli e t t'ide,• rtceived the thanks of Parliament for his skill, m ere 1 :', aria f e et ie A e, perseverance displayed in the military oper.a -i; qb 7,' u ghanistan He possessed three medals, , -,,,,theu-n,"°°, Caubul, nnd Jellalabad. He closed his career tj"' at a t r r a victory, after nearly fifty-two years service, h e ine advanced age of sixty-three. '8 co —th F OOt, which Sir Robert commanded, returned to t Ste n j zit rY a few months since. i n 4 "N M` GAsKILL.—This officer entered the service L s ° ereh •,„ ;1 1 ; L ut h, 1797. Was appointed Lieutenant, May 14th, ~e, ; Iteeareeen, March 6th. 1806 ; Brevet Major, August 12, I:„ e rear e g, 4o ,,, ental Major, March 11th, 1824; Lieut.-Colonel, t -m( lin" "tit, 1825 • Colonel June 28th 1838. He was at the te, eat 1, 0 -„,. • ageto Indiart mete, and seiieJuan, May,_l797. On I,r d ge le when the fleet under command of 6tr T. Trou i'areegnas attacked by the French Admiral Linoisin, in the e - ,';' ) . le (84 ), a heavy frigate, and another ship, August, m 440 wasp present - at the sieges and captures of Forts o at ii,'"agbure, Woosutch, and a great many others. ti, th me re duction of the strong fortrees of Shalapore, t'fetLeel, t".ttack and dispersion of 5,000 of the Peshwa's DOsich '°°Pe, strongly posted with their guns, fifteen f i lth, wer e captured under the walls of the fort, kl he G n 1 818, tu i l/ill b v e erno r - General lost no less than four of his staff, b - 1 1\4 . t e , ,, e ett on reference to the list then one of his body ° Pesti;',"e icss altogether amongst staff officers was ' c tera ll fifteen. t lee. Ih e3:4ly et • - g to the returns as yet received, the loss, parti et-learieeld otficers, on the part of her Majesty's regiment., th,',,tich "tyreater than that of the Company's, the returns te, - ' 4 ct ee" °4l d appear to be exceedingly imperfect, from Vbe nt - no lists having been published respecting thirteen h, f ;. Iti a t (fee, l" 'lng brief analysis may not be uninteresting :- 11."ttl 5 .'S Own) Light Dragoons—Numner of officers, 48. 14 4"i te, ' w°ollded, 2. The list of killed includes Captain eli tritedtmderstood to be related to the Right Hon. J. C. tiees.are C hancellor of the Exchequer. He eas one of te„ Y ili fe e -c arnp to the Governor-General. He entered the 144 eL" ) ,S, and he also served as aid de- camp to Sir sc i .i",2 q: e KWell at Maraejpore on the 29th of December, Ilend aye Wyvelharn Knight Bruce, cornet, but de -B,',Yeene'eutenant, son of Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce. ,/ h ‘Q 0 ,,, 6 gentleman only entered the army in 1844. . 5, 1,, -11 4 ii. - " Officers killed, 3, including the lamented Sir Cdtt l li,'s-glakill. 4 ; 1 i 4 g 353 ts- Pour killed and one wounded, the former in te"let k•N3tain Owen Lucas, an officer of ears service. ree'teie ,°t--Six killed and seven wounded. Major it,T i e t, ? i," 1 •,° 8 0 name we perceive with feelings of the deepest lii' as list of killed, was one of the bravest, as 11," sereic'm°at r emarkable officers in the British army. te n w ila etes,,ad extended to a period of thirty-six years. tee,faige n rle siege of Flushing with the 36th, served the 4( e of Vv . ' . 8 5 with the 14th, and was present at the p oll the aterloo. He was engaged with the 31st through ht °elt.eain, psi of 1842 in ant at under General ste'eeiv'ittung three important actions. For the latter 1.47141 R t , a Medal. He was the senior officer engaged in h a eor e,,,.left heights of the pass on the occasion of th . e e li te I, tlo of t e l' ee n, by the same regiment. Major Baldwin n" 11 • --t Officers present at that lamentable catastrophe rni ne t hey , on r e Of the Kent East Indiaman, in the Bay of tWil brigs le of March, 1825. Lieut. R. H. Pollock, of l nett e fiatr de of Horse Artillery it appears, was the s9n ir•n- Sir George Pollock, and nephew to the Lord Chief T ~ th'4, ), ' SINDE PRIZE MONEY. lit (;-ast ty,,. a'elvt,'crithl;,",. Company have recently conveyed instru ne etim n as• ti t , o e ilife,,t_,,rreeps':,uOufdlndia for the payment of i r p z u e rs m n y t money of her kOtillijcli„°Ybal/Mrrantht:astie t o e f d ia lt a li m o ri f a N 3 t;"vember, 1845, authoriz ,e noes 11,aton of La a booty the captured in the year 1843, in the I ... 44k4 O. P i t ql t c• l4 . e _.arnly .employed e against the Ameers of Sinde. ,•iyi e-vs...o_osisted gold and silver in bars and coins, 9 f orna "4 nia ' v aild o rnamental arms, of guns, cattle, and other pro. 1, c r ealized the following SUM, viz" 414 into Rupees. rl,rtie,_ the public Treasury on account of 4li ze s sold alio% .. .. • • • . 2.29.038 Ate 'at liurraehi - • • 17.743 I _ Rl i i ci d ~, sl o° l l i s ill' e r . . !. •.•. :: :. . :: 2 17 5 . .6 13 4 . . 6 3 3 3 7 7 tl atkrad ,„"ncianig Unsold . :: .• : .. • . 1.23.273 - l e ,_ N. tilh et i a , AO dn 't t otal .. .. .. •• • • 15.000 tk - , i h., of 46.62.898 rupees ;to which are to be added the itis;_. t 1,.. at the Geyer transferred to public de i th, l '7 u , th e „ ns du G overnment for arti n e i les ititeal illy st r e. al m s p w re h s ia n efr b o e m pro n c i l d n i n v e l d du n for articles sold in Sinde, by the sale of the jewels, &c., 4 toD 4 +aje, t. ~,‘ deposit at Bombay, but ordered to be sold. Liq _ itt ati ,,LalreCta that one-sixth be given to all such of the t lit t ail t at or between shinkarpoor Sukkur, and Kurrachte, t i ' ‘llf.,,,, t tlt o'-`4 an t he Indus Flotilla stationed between Sukkur and li lt; • 44 3, „,,,IlitY between the 17th of February, and . the . 24th tli 4r e In th - " L b daYs included, or shall not be otherwise entitled Ite t , t e Mai er v c booty. L tis ii Nl snifferthral s marming com in Sinde, and the officers of the .upt't'l atterationi•enfcrces his orders in the above mea l', as heremari -re t o share in g this portion, as well as in the other 1 rnmnin g t:Deeifie d . N t , ht ;,7;,g. taa„);4ll.l.ths to be divided Into two equal parts, in zeth t at ii , v e bait', oiri?tie haulto be distributed to the troops ;,"tb battle • 'obe y s. are to who io derah ad ; tbanee, and the other moiety to those who ! ...s! . a , r . e v e ,,e in ee t l7 r°o Ps, however, who were engaged in t k lerin i nil tuay h a ,., ,;"' each moiety. The allowance of batte s c orns .7 0 11 1 the res received by the troops, i is i to n b a e tdee -I%tie4l3reervihe cottemeauud of air. t l i t ai i i s t. ftr i t n h n e e r i go tr y de, who t were keti t a reith u , s 2 u slY to the battle e n u f a hleanee and directed to fire the 'it •,,R , lli et; .i'un rho right flank or the army', as well Ai the detach Nortl ary °° Ettlluntly defended the British residency on the 15th (4 %, 11l th' ' 2 4 1 1 also such portion of the Indus flotilla as were en teZ,t4,... uefehr ,e or co-operated with the detachment under teltertc•eeolonel. Outram, or were in any other way t empioyed r i: , , t il itija• shoZIcX-10n with the army that achieved t r i e e se v n i t ct n o t y tue t . ~, c . m... share as if they had been actua Hyderabad itei!lteee'toriee, and in like manner the troops at should It,' latt t . share in the sums allotted to those engaged in the Oik l ,4 .„ ie. 4t te 4 lei p e ui p e at ed with Royal warrant that a portion of the oni ti amen s ts . • Of ti l J e ,e,aPtUred shall be restored to the Arneers, at tam di 4 ,rovernment of India. '' , ...t; --- "7"....7...................................... t r. Ili, ~....ETI% EsQ , t44,,5,t417:111en1an is as M.P. AND THE GAME-LAWS. great an object ' of terror to the game -4io 4 recent kr. Cobden to the Duke of Richmond, and we th 'Nee „.esent Oct of his, relative to these laws, will not b 1.41,n,"' character in their eves. In a recent number of I,Y, a. /mitr e I , it4 t -- tsed el naependent appeared an account of a little kea et et even, being sentenced by the Bench of Magis thed cosie,"'se, for worry' hare to pay a fine of 10s. Wili "V ell," 4 ,,,,, n(1 , in default m e g eas a cominitted tO Winchester '` i tt 4 ' 4 This attracting the attention of Mr. Irwin tillore haOucitor, residing in Maddox-street, Hanover trile'et, 0,, 4,dressed M Collett a letter on the Ittjlee tong within a wry few hours was t tri t rOan Wa it upon him. Upon an interview with that tlutstei Illt! rt e er - e xpressing his abhorrence of the case, he I,itiiiiitelee,t ikWilles to proceed immediately to Winchester , k 44 4 , t'll „, utt , to poacher from confinement. Mr. tl t sre i l ° h t I,; e a n c4 ing the Bridewell found that the child 'se e 'old hot committed there (the bench having tet ti ee te to enforce the penalty until after ex t't tli ) S ir J n. da Ys and thonly t the desire of the propse r oh t , 1,. .:„ en . a t ly fin e :' aull, Bart. Being struck by the appearance ti(l4 idevi,elioutlis, aged 16 and 17, who were inmates of k 'n 4rl lin 'On account of breaches of the game-laws, e, a ble , g that th • e s tee n , li e , e . eir conduct in prison had been unexcep 'hte lin s mentioned their case to Mr. Collett. That gen /'tt liti r t °°rle r heard • e t e e i 0 wi n ,of it than he dispatched Mr Willes , t/rel ltl eased enester, and within a few hours the youths 1, 4 e ' The fin e r the Bridewell, and restored to their l i tt a u. tite,i o u tle t s , and costs in these caes amounted to 31. lii . DN b" a3 ueb o „ ne , Poor fellows at their unexpected dis the - vole th " ou ed, and blessings loud and deep were heicPeth , e h ead of the Hon. Member for Athlone for 11 L4._ le i i, f(4. their misfortunes, and his liberality in their se eee t 'lltie e l e br,,t oe -" ,ettrel e clif:B M EASURES.—TIPPERARY IN A re p all gaine. Vight, the country for many miles was a e4 t leteile t thee notitt.e fires were so singularly numerous and ei,giteatereed for a u . " l3 g of the kind to surpass them has been ki n t vith ' t lti a nt; 1 IT long period. They appeared to have t ie;' jurprieinrtnerlY direction, and to have been caught 1 „. tve rt , heir appear velocity on all aides, so that for many eOh 4 , 41 attetance was extremely grand and attracted ili equateins:°r2; The Duharrow hills, Keeper and Latte- T.tee i , s to Gai'fe Devil's Bit, and on to the Shannon at e t% loe 4 r , aria al i v aY Tid Clare, the fires were everywhere kie ' n ee , iecte ee ne arlY at the saine moment. There were h o t , d irletete. with as to the cause of them, but we believe 4trit"t l'e 4 l ,ru Mentr s°nt degree of truth, that they wig!. ti ee Y 4 1 „e l , e reee_e!aving gone among the people that Sir IV, cer,.`.e Ite n Z e ur ,,ea had been sanctioned by a large ma th,7‘ ein' tt lity i °` Commons, and that there was a posi -et • en 0 thei a y-et la , tt g the r r becoming law. There is no doubt 1 1 ,4, 1 0 ty torornong tEettbob_ulk of the agricultural population— vet m en Preeen.4 arers and the cottier tenanti7—as far )p a are e extr em e f t o li n n ature of his measures, .Sir . Robert it tet i ree, i krtteisLliresecl the e Y no p u lar.—Tipperary Vindicator. 44,:1,t,ch this t /8 from a wi ng only a few hours before we ydio s , lir% L we e k i t influential Tory M.P. t—" Peel's Nlt t hi4 l l .obil o cang e4 bvs it, equal to anything of Pitt's. I 11 t.:11.1.,,,,,,1:ert.„:2,1: bilbe:us. 11: zildlneesadrayry,frtheeetrpoadpe,ularandertyheain,tor. Vo, th t, au t!:ezaendo.-lenner i mmediately. The excitement Sr ll . pt tl, q,, , , te. 8 I, Qur POO/ 48i 0 , li‘",)ls.,°„ttltW,,Z2ll Ta w : BT - -- THE LATE MURDER IN )pl,;hei`,',t),,r mak er al, 0 - „ 3 ' I r r• Win. Payne he'd an inquest in St. 01tint ,'ands -tVaq'r, who-,,1!1e body of' Thomas Martin, aged 37, a 14,:...,,, r), o(rp,„ ~„,,Legi, from the effects of wounds received 14. m 2art, th e i t ':_Y 10 Win Newgute, on the charge of afekls poPlegate. Ten of Tuesday week List, at No. 8, 0 41 here ArY returned a Verdict of WilfUl " • , LETTERS FROM MR. MACAULAY. The Edinburgh Chronicle publishes the following let ters from the Right Hon. Mr. Macaulay: the first being a reply to Mr. David Greig, on the subject of the mili tia ; and the second an answer to a letter from the Secretary of the Committee fur the liberation of Frost, Williams, and Jones : " Albany, London, Jan. 30, 1846. " Sir,—You quite misunderstand my sentiments about the elective franchise. I newt. in my life said that you who have no votes were not interested in the public weal. God forbid! My rcasor.s for objecting to univers3l:uffrage are very different. I believe that the non-electors are as deeply interested as I am in the cecuritv of property and the maintenance of order ; •but I believe that a very large portion of them do not understand their own interest, and might easily be induced, by the -pressure. of immediate distress, to act in opposition to their own in terest. That this is so, I have proof under their own hands. I refer to the petition which Mr. Dancorebe presented to the House of Commons in 1842. In that document some hundreds of thousands of Chartists asked for the franchise, and told us how th. y meant to use it. They avowed that their objects were national bank ruptcy, confiscation of the soil, of canals, of machinery —in short, the destruction of all property. I was firmly convinced, and am firmly convinced, that such measures would produce indescribable misery to the great majority of the petitioners themselves. I refused them the franchise, not from disregard of their interests, but from the same feeling which would lead me to refuse a razor to a man N 1 ho told me that he wanted it in order to cut his throat; and I assure you that I have never inquired of any inhabitant.of Edinburgh who complained to me of a grievance whether he was an elector or not. . " And now to the main subject of your letter. I shall give my best consideration to the measures which tray be proposed respecting the militia ; but I must frankly tell you that my conduct will be guided by principles which differ widely from yours. I hold defensive war to be lawful and necessary. I conceive that the State has a right to call on every citizen to bear a part in prOtecting his native soil against assailants. That the exertion and burden ought to be reduce d as much as possible, and divided as fairly as possible, is quite true. But I sus pect that all the inconveniencirs which even a vexatious enrolment can produce would be small indeed, when compared with the misery which would be caused by the appearance of a hostile armament in the Forth. I cannot at all understand your scruple about joining a iiirotection society. You pay taxes, I presume, di rectly or indirectly. You must be aware that a large part of those taxes goes to support the regular army a:.:d .navy. Now, if you may lawfully contribute to the support of a kind of force which has been, and may be, employed in offensive war, surely you may, without any twinge of conscience, contribute to the support of a force which is, by its nature, strictly defensive, and which is not likely ever to shed a drop of blood, unless danger of the most fearful kind should come near to our own hearths. I persuade myself that your aversion to the use of arms does not go to such a height that you would hold yourself morally bound to see Edinburgh sacks d by invaders without striking a blow for your home and family. Now, the militia is meant to be peculiarly a security against invaders. It is not an instrument of aggression. You must, therefore, admit it to be, as com pared with the regular army, an innocent institution. It, then, you refuse to pay anything towards the militia, while you are paying the soldiers and sailors who have just be, n fighting at Buenos Ayres, I must say that yon strain at a gnat and sw allow a camel. " If you have any special hardship to complain of, it shall-receive my best attention. "I have the honour to be, Sir, your faithful and obedient servant, " T. B. MACAULAY." " Albany, London, Feb. 16, 1846. " Sir,—l cannot agree with you in thinking that the law has, as respects Frost and his accomplices, been thOroughly satisfied. Consider what they did, and what they have suffered. They raised a rebellion, which you admit to have been unjustifiable—led thou sands of ignorant labouring men into guilt and danger —fired on the Queen's troops—wounded a magistrate in the discharge of his duty—caused . the deaths of several unhappy creatures—and would, if their at tempt had not been stopped in the outset, have caused such a destruction of life and *and property as has not been known in England for ages. This is their offence. What has been their punishment? Transportation for about five years—a lighter punish ment than has been inflicted on many poor lads for picking pockets. You disclaim very properly all pro jects of insurrection. But rely on it that there will be insurrections enough, if turbulent and designing men are apprised that the penalty of raising a civil war is henceforth to be less than the penalty of robbing a hen roots. Thinking this, I cannot hold out any hope that I shall vote for any address in favour of these great c. iminals. "I have the honour to be, Sir, your faithful servant, " T. B. MACAULAY." THE NEW PALACE AT WEST- MINSTER. The following particulars, relative to the building familiarly known as the New Houses of Parliament, but which has lately assumed the above appellation, have been derived from authentic sources, and will probably prove interesting to the reader, detailing, as they do, the progress of this great national undertaking. We com mence with The River Front, containing the committee-rooms and libraries of both Houses, with the Speaker's and other residences. This is now completed externally, and the whole of the scaffolding removed. It is also ready in ternally for the fixing of the finishings, which are being proceeded with elsewhere with great rapidity. We next come to LITERATURE. 'The House of Lords, a building that for gorgeousness of appearance will not be surpassed by any edifice to be found on the Continent. The house is covered in, and the windows, twelve in number, glazed. The ceiling, a most magnificent piece of workmanship, is finished, and the effect is grand in the extreme. We may . venture to say that there is nothing in London or ever. in Eng land equal to it in riehness of design or elaborateness in ornament. It is composed of panels and emblazon ments, the centre of each panel being a shield or crest. The panels are painted in a variety of rich colours, and the emblazonments are gilded. The upper part of the wall will present a stone facing, but the lower part, reaching to the windows, will be lined with oak wains cotting, which we understand has been prepared, and only awaits more favourable weather to admit of its being put in its place. The elaborate nature of this oak panelling is almost beyond the powers of description. It is entirely covered with carving of the most exquisite workmanship, the armorial bearings of the different Peers being introduced iu the numerous panels. The throne, with its appendage and canopies, all of oak, is is a state of great forwardness. The carving is of a most magnificent character, and is equal, in point of enrichment, to any Gothic screen-work seen abroad. All this elaborate wood-work and decoration are being prepared by Messrs. Grissell and Peto, the contractors for the erection of the New Palace, upon Government premises at Thames Bank, which have been fitted up at great cost for the express purpose of expediting the work. The large windows in the House of Lards, in each of which there are eight compartments, will be filled in with stained glass, representing the portraits of the kings and queens of England and Scotland. Between each window are niches for the re ception of the statues of those barons who compelled King John to sign Magna Ch ar t a i n th e fi e ld of Runny me d. A model statue, about six feet in height, representing the celebrated Prelate Langton, has been fixed in the cent re n i c h e on t h e east side, and the effect is very fine, and is said to have elicited Prince Albert's approbation on Friday. Over the throne are three large panels, most lavishly decorat, d, and which are intended to be ornamented with frescoes. The back of the Strangers' Gallery will also be, decorated, it is believed, with frescoes. From information we have re ceived, we have every reason to believe that the House of Peers, the Peers' and Commons' libraries, and the committee rooms will be ready for use about the middle of next session. It should be stated that dui floor of the house of Peers will be of perforated cast-iron of a very peculiar character. SIR ROBERT PEEL AS STATESMAN AND Victoria Hall is roofed in, and in a state of great for wardness. This hall will contain the chief statues of eminent men that have existed during the last 200 years; and also fresco paintings of historical subjects. It will hare a parquette flooring—that is, a flooring composed of various descriptions of oak, with a very rich border. This hall will be used as an ante-room to the House of Lords. ORA 7 OR. The Victoria Gallery, the robing, and guard rooms, the royal landing, the latter having a most exquisitely grained roof; enriched with bosses, and lighted from above, are all roofed in, and the access from them, is nearly cemlete, to, The Victoria Tower, which - is now 65 feet in height. Its large and magnificent arches have been completed some time; and the staircase, from the tower to the royal gallery, is arched in with stone. The stone carvings of the gateway are not only numerous but majestic in ap pearance, and two lions, in stone, in an upright position, and fixed on either side of the gateway, have a very imposing appearance. The next twenty feet of the tower to be erected will, according to the model prepared by Mr. Thomas, from designs by Mr. Barry, be one mass of elaborate carving. In the front, or Abbey side, will be nine niches, as at present contemplated, contain ing the statues of ancient king 3 and queens, the centre niche, which is directly over the gateway, being occupied with a statue of the Queen. The frontage, towards Millbank, will be treated in the same manner; and the two other sides will be enriched with stone carvings. Above this height the carving and decoration will be continued, but not of so lavish or prominent a character. The House of Commons is nearly ready for the roof, which is itself in readiness for fixing. The interior fit tings of the House will be of °A carved, but not so ela borately as the panelling in the House of Peers. The completion of the House is expected in 1848. The residences of the S;•eaker and other officers of the House of Commons are also roofed in, and in a forward state. This is a reprint of a clever sketch which appeared some months since in the English Gentleman newspaper, and its republication at the present moment is well timed. The author indignantly repudiates the idea that Sir Robert Peel is a man of mediocrity, and triumph. antly asks, Does mediocrity raise itself to the highest station, in de. fiance of social obstacles, leaving men of 'genius' dwarfed in the distance or toiling at the base ? Does mediocrity grapple ith rampant and powerful prejudices, subduing them to the rein and whip ? Does it convert the servant into the master?" He considers Sir Robert to be a statesman of a very high order, although he admits that „ as to the morality of his system the less said the better." The following extract conveys, we think, a very correct idea of the present position and prospects of Sir R. Peel:— " Since 1840 his public life has been a series of progressive developments. He began by laying down the principle, that his duly to the public was superior to any obligations to his party. He recognised the nation as his only master. To the nation, in the aggregate, he is proudly humble ; to all sections of it, humbly proud. He has been gradually making his peace with the people of England. He has used craft and dissimula tion to cloak great designs: his disinterestedness must be the guarantee of his good faith. If he has been a traitor to his party, he has made amends to his Sovereign and his country. After having trained the House of Commons, by every refine ment of political and Parliamentary art, to be the obedient slaves of his will ; he has compelled the greatest men of his day —the greatest warrior and the most distinguished lawyer of the age—to abandon their most cherished convictions, and to take from him the laws of their mind. Thus it is that he has individualised himself and consolidated his power. He can stand up in the face of Parliament, and defy all the viler in sinuations of party spirit—the petty opprobrium heaped on in consistency. The proof of his rectitude, of his possession of that wisdom and that higher morality which supersede the minor and temporary obligation of consistency, lies in the ne cessity his countrymen are under of adopting his policy ; and of calling on him alone, of all his contemporaries, to carry it out. He is able to stand up in his place in Parliament, and declare that he desires not to be Minister—that he even prays to be relieved from office. But the country calls loudly on him to remain. He may be hated, despised, undervalued ; but he is wanted. For near a century, no Minister has held so proudly independent a position. Abroad, a policy of manly concilia tion ; at home, an easy victory over party obstructions to the attainment of the public good; an united Government and a prosperous people • attest the ascendancy of his powerful and well regulated - mind." As an orator, he does not acc^rd to Sir R. Peel the first rank ; and although the Right Hon. Baronet's voice is perhaps one of the most-harmoniously-tuned of speak ing instruments, yet it would be almost impossible for any man of Sir R. Peel's personal appearance (a very graphic description of which is given in this brocheur) to become a graceful orator. ORIGIN OF THE SEIKHS. (From the Church and State Gazette.) The origin of this warlike sect " is to be traced back to the time of the Emperor Baber, when a celebrated dervish being captivated with the beauty of the son of a grain -merchant of the Cshatrya caste, by name Nannuk, brought him to reside in his house, and instructed him in the sublime doctrines and duties of Islamism. Nan nuk aspired beyond the merit of a learner. From theo logical writings which be perused, he selected, as he went on, such doctrines, expressions, and sentiments as captivated his fancy. At length, his selections ap proached to the size of a book ; and being written (it is said with elegance) in the Punjabee dialect, the language of the country, were read by various persons, and ad mired. The fame of Nannuk's book was diffused. He gave it a name, Kirrunt ; and by degrees, the votaries of Kirrunt became a sect. They distinguished them elves by a peculiar garb and manners, which resembled those of the Moslem fakirs. They united so as to live by themselves apart from the other inhabitants; and formed villages or communities, call sedangats, in which some one, as head of the community, always presided ever the rest. Nannuk was followed by nine successors in the office of chief or patriarch of the whole sect; during whose time the Seikhs led peaceable and inoffen- Ave lives. Teeg Bahadur, the tenth in order, was perpetually followed by a large multitude of the enthu siasts of the sect; and united himself with a mussulman fakir, who had followers approaching in number to his own. To subsist so numerous a body of idle religionists, the IP ighbouring districts were laid under contribution, And the saints, having tasted the sweets of a life of plunder and idleness, pushed their depredations, and became the scourge of the provinces. Aurungzebe, who was then upon the throne, commanded the Governor of Lahore to seize the two leaders of the banditti ; to banish the Alussulman beyond the Indus, and to conduct the Hindoo to the fort of Gwalior, where he was put to death. The loss of their patriarch was farfrom sufficient to extinguish the religious flame of the Seikhs. A son Teeg Bahadur, whose family name was Govind, was raised to the vacant supremacy, and was distinguished by the name of Gooroo Govind ; , Gooroo being the title bestowed by a Hindoo on his religious instructor. The fate of his father taught him audacity ; he in structed his followers, hitherto unarmed, to provide themselves with weapons and horses ; divided them into troops ; placed them under the command of those of his friends in whose conduct and fidelity he confided ; and plundered the country by force of arms. He was not, however, able to withstand the troops of the pro vince, which were collected to oppose him ; his two sons were taken prisoners, and he himself fled among the Afghans. After a time he came back, disguised as an Afghan devotee ' • but falling into mental derangement, was succeeded by Banda, one of his followers, wno as sumed the name of Gooroo Govind, and resolved to take vengeance on the Moslems for the slaughter of the father and sons of his predecessor. To the robbery and plunder which bad become the business of the Seiks, he added cruelty and murder. The Moslem historians of these events are filled with horror as well as indignation at the cruelties which he exercised upon the faithful, (to them alone, it seems, did they extend), and describe is one of the most sanguinary of of monsters the man whose actions, had infidels been the sufferers, and a mussulman the actor, they might not, perhaps, have thougnt unworthy of applause. It was this Banda whose enormities Shah Allum hurried from the Deccan to interrupt and chastise. The rebels (so they were now denominated) deserted Sirhind upon the approach of the Emperor, and retired to Daher, a place of strength at the entrance of the mountains, and the principal resi dence of the Gooroo. When Daber was reduced to the last extremity, Banda, with his principal followers, retired to the mountains during the night. The pre sence of the Emperor suspended, but did not extinguish the depredations of the Seikhs. To the narrative given by Mills it is not necessary for us to add much. We may, however, mention of the Seikhs what he has omitted, that they are almost exclu sively composed ofhusbandmen and saldiers. The doctrines preached by their founder they still follow, though the original revelation has not been allowed to exist without undergoing a few amendments. The Seikh religion now is a pure Deism, based on the precepts of Brahma, but rejecling the worship of idols, which Brahma allows. Fhe Seikhs were a tolerant race till they were exposed to the tyranny of the Moslems, as briefly alluded to by Mills. Oppression compelled them to renounce charity; And Gooroo Govind Singh, their tenth spiritual chief, persuaded his followers that the pacific maxims of their founder compromised the very existence of the sect. In dsedience to him, they accordingly vowed a never-dying hatred to Moslemism. It is then that we hear of the first distinctive divisions of the tribe. The warriors became distinctively Singhs, or " lions;" the Sikhs, or " followers," were the cultivators of the soil. The latter name now, however, implies the entire wild soldiery of the nation, while the Singhs are its royalty and aristo cracy, par excellence. With a slender degree of subjection acknowledged to the Afghans, the Seikhs maintained a savage sort of in dependence within the territory of " the five rivers," until a few years ago, when Afghanistan's adversity was seized upon as the Punjaub's opportunity, and Runjeet Singh, within the memory of the present generation, seized upon Lahore and proclaimed himself king. The state he maintained, the authority he exercised, and the capacity he displayed, in defiance of the most horrible debauchery, that would have slain capability in any brains but those of the "old lion of the Punjaub," are matters upon which we need not rest further than to mention them. It was the demise of this monarch that remotely brought about the late hard-fought field of Ferozepore, and it is to the explanation of this that we roust confine ourselves. Runjeet left, at his death, in 1839, a half id!otic son, named Karrack, to succeed him. His cause, as the direct heir, was espoused by the East India Company ; but Dhyan, the famous and able Minister of the late qaharujah, saw destruction to the liberty of the Pun jaub in acknowledging an idiot, who would be the mere tool of the Company. He consequently placed himself at the bead of a great dissident party, and conducted to the perils and privileges of the Punjaub diadem an adopted son of one of the dead " lion's " wives, who became known as the Maharajoh Shere. Karrack immediately died, suddenly and significantly ; and, a& there was still an heir in the direct line, in the person of Karrack's son, Nao-Nehal, one of the happy accidents of eastern policy speedily removed him to the paradise of the Seikh founder. He was making his solemn entry into Lahore, to attend his father's funeral, when, as he wa s passing under the principal gate, a heavy beam accidentally " fell upon his head and killed him on the spot. This double murder opened a series which has since been continued in the Punjaub with frightful rapidity. the English Government manifested an inclination•to protect one of the wives of Runjeet, whose condition promised an heir to Runjeet's glories. The manifesta tion was fatal to the object of it ; for Shere, raised to the throne by the influence of the ex-Minister Dhyan, murdered bier in her harem, and reigned with nothing to trouble him but his conscience. To Dhyan and his brothers, Goolaub (who still exists) and Soucheyt, the new monarch, in grateful indolence, abandoned the entire administrative and executive powers of the Government. They governed in his name, but for themselves ; till increase of appetite for Government so grew by what it fed upon, that Shere found himself a mere magnificent prisoner in the hands of the wily Dhyan and his brothers. An attempt made by the unfortunate usurper to put himself under the protection of the English ensured his doom. Dhyan, who was the Warwick of the Punjaub, and " king maker" to opposing Singhs and Seikhs, under promise of raising a cousin of Runjeet to the perilous height yet occupied by Shere, induced the ready instrument, whose appellation was Ajit, to enter into a conspiracy, the desired fruits of which he destined for another. This other was the too-famous boy-king Dhulip, the adopted son of one of , Runjeet's wives, the Punjaub Messalina, who resides with him at Lahore. This child was secretly brought into the capi tal ; ant shortly after, as Shere was reviewing his troops, and was passing before the body of cavalry commanded by Ajit, the latter advanced, and, under pre tence of presenting him with a superb English carbine, shot him dead on the spot. So far successful, Ajit, with his followers, galloped to the fort of Lahore. On his way he encountered a young son of Shere, named Per tab, whose throat he cut with his own hand ; and, en tering the fort, he massacred the whole of Shere's wives. The last murder committed was that done on the infant son of Shere, who was only one day old ; the monsters dashed it on the ground, and jumped upon it till life was extinct. The same day, and the eve succeeding to that day, witnessed the violent deaths of the o ld ex - m i n i ster an d on n e new his declaringm on monarch, that c h,Aj e . The latter sh o t Dh yan d ea d , the boy Dhulip was t h e r i g h t f u l heir to the throne. But Hira, the son of Dhyan, aided by the whole of the troops under the orders of the French General Ventura, immediately a t tac k ed A j it in the citadel, captured him, and slew him, with a vast number of his adherents. The boy-king Dhulip, under the ma nagement o f h i s mother, the Ranee, and the governorship of Hire, was forthwith acknowledged by our Government, whose only object was to see a tranquil and friendly power establi s h e d in the Punjaub. But tranquillity and amity were des tined to be strangers to the banks of th e fi ve r i vers. The soldiery, who had been br i bed by a ll s id es, and who were gratified in proportion as usurpers increased. and their services were the more eagerly s oug ht a f ter an d remunerated, grew mut ino us for w an t o f occu pation. Hira, who would fain have tamed the monster whose savageness he had encouraged while it could be useful to him, was their first victim : he was shot before the eyes of the Icing, while passing down their ranks on the b ac k o f an ele phant. From that per i od . the wildest anarc h y re i gned uncontrolled : the Seikh soldiery exercised th e mos t licentious military despot ism ; and it was when they could exact nothing more from the exhausted treasury of the Punjaub that they . began to raise their l ance s in the direction of the British frontier on the Sutlej. But our Government had long been watching the course of events, and providing fo r the ir consequences. The Seikhs, well-disciplined and led by French officers, have flung themselves, only to meet destruction, against the adamantine barrier that opposed them at Ferozepore. Their last wild " Hurrah !" was the death-song of their dynasty. The clock tower and the new Palace-yard front in connexion with it are at present 60 feet in height. St. Stephen's Ball and porch, which will form the main principal entrance to both houses from Abingdon street, where the principal entrance to the House of Commons now is, has just been commenced, and the stone work is 11 course of fixing, the outside being similar in appearance to that of Palace•yard. In concluding this account, it may not be uninteresting to state that the New Palace will, when completed, occupy the area of eleven acres. This fact in itself will show how great must be the labour and responsibility incurred by Mr. Barry, the architect, and the contractors, Messrs. Grissell and Peto, whom we should state, employ nearly 800 men on the works, under the superintend ems of Mr. Allen, and 200 more •in the establishment at Thames 13ank, preparing the internal fittings. SIR ROGER DE COVER LEY.— lndependently of the famous '° Beauties" who figure so pr om i nent l y i n th e p ag es of this lively tale of the Court of Charles 11., the list of per sonages of the other sex is equally numerous and at tractive. It comprises the Merry Monarch and all his witty courtiers and boon companions, including Prince Rupert and the Dukes of York and Monmouth ; but with the reckless Rochesters and Buckinghams, and the shallow Jermyns and and Sydney?, there are the more sterling names of Milton, Dryden, Evelyn, Pepy's, Lely, and Marvel. in short the story of " Sir Roger de Coverley—himself a personage of sin gular interest—seems written with a vew of introducing the reader to the most remarkable characters of that extremely L interesting period. TIIE SUN_LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 26, 1846. FRUITS OF PUSEYISIVI. The Dublin Evening Post gives the following list of persons of note who have lately embraced the Roman Catholic faith : MINISTERS OF THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH. A.D. 1841 AND 1842. A. D. Wackerbarth, B.A. Received into the Church at Grace Dieu Manor, Dec. 2, 1841. Bernard Smith,- M.A., Rector of Leadenham, Lincoln. shire, and late Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Received at Oscott, Dec. 15, 1842. A.D. 1843. George Talbot, M.A., Vicar of Evercreech, and Chesterblade, Somersetshire. Received at Oscott, June 10. Daniel Parsons, M.A. Received at Prior Park, July 31. Charles Fe iger, M.A., Formerly Scholar of Worcester College, Oxford . Author of severa l wor k s, an d As stant Hebrew Lecturer. Received at Oscott, Oct. 12. (Married.) _ _ . WATER CRESS. Most persons are acquainted with the water-cress and its salutary properties ; they know generally that it grows in brooks, and on the borders of fresh and run ning streams. Few, however, of those who, in the busy thoroughfares or quiet suburbs of London, hear the cry of "water cre-e-ses," or see in their daily walks the old, red-cloaked women sorting the little bundles at the cor ners of streets, have any idea that the cultivation of this esculent now forms an important branch of horticultural and commercial industry, which, from the increasing consumption, and use made of the plant in pharmacy, is gradually rising into consequence. In the present day, the water-cress may be found on almost every table, from the highest to the lowest. It is one of the most powerful antiscorbutics with which we are ac quainted, and is said to possess the property of exciting the appetite and fortifying the stomach. We have no certain information that it is cooked in any part of Eng land, as is occasionally the case in France ; but in the north of Germany, to which country we owe its original cultivation, it is boiled and eaten as spinach. In an old botanical work, we are told that the watery part of Tuthill-fields, Westminster, was overrun with water cress, and that it grew on the banks of the Thames in several places. The same work also enumerates many places in England where this refreshing vegetable was abundant ; and it is known that, like many other of the simple but useful productions of nature, which, in their natural varieties, abound wherever they may be benficial to man, it is to be found in most parts of the world. It is of the cruciferous family, which comprehends about twenty species, all possessing high antiscorbutic properties, and of the genus nasturtium, "said to have been so called from the effect its acrimony produces on the muscles of the nose—nasus tort us— sig nifying a convulse nose." The common cress is known as nasturtium officinak, and presents two varieties, the green and the blue, which, by cultivation, have been rendered far superior to what they were in their wild state, being less acrid, and not so liable to contract the taste of slime and mud as these found in ditches and marshes. Fifty years ago, a considerable proportion of the supply that found its way to the metro politan market was gathered from the numerous little streams which intersect the meadows near the towns of Newbury and Hungerford, in the county of Berkshire, from which places it was brought in sacks by the stage coachmen of the day, who shared in the profits of the sale. The first attempts at regular cultivation in the neighbourhood of London, appears to have been made in the year 1808, at Springhead, a village near Gravesend. This plantation still exists, and is sometimes visited by the frequenters of the welf•known semi-watering-place just mentioned, for the purpose of regaling themselves with a fresh-plucked salad and bread and butter. Another plantation was afterwards 'commenced in Surrey, but subsequently abandoned. The culture, however, con tinued to spread, particularly in localities favourably , situated with regard to springs of water. Near Rick mansworth, in Hertfordshire, where there is a fine stream running over a chalky bottom, there are now about fifteen acres under cultivation. The Springhead plantation consists of four acres, while on the opposite side of the Thames, at Waltham Abbey, in Essex, is another of six acres. These, though extensive, are in sufficient to meet the demand of the huge metropolis. Other supplies are obtained from greater distances. From Uxbridge and Salisbury great quantities are for warded to London, packed in hampers, every day in the year excepting Sundays; and some idea may be formed f the enormous consumption from the sum total of the annual sales, which amounts to more than 10,000/. — Chambers. Mr: J. C. Colquhoun • has been defending his consis tency on the corn-laws, by informing the House of Com mons that, notwithstanding his vote for Mr. Villiers' mo tion, his present opinions are identically the same as those he expressed to the electors of Kilmarnock in 1837. In 1837, Mr. Colquhoun declared himself in favour of a fixed duty, to be afterwards removed altogether. This is sub stantially the very proposal of Sir Robert Peel, which Mr. Colquhoun is now so bitterly resisting 1 We may return to the subject on the next opportunity, but: are in some doubt whether it would not be mere waste to throw water on a rat so irrecoverably drowned.—/filmarnvek Herald. THE LEAGUE QUARTER OF A MILLION FUND.- Some of the London papers have a long advertisement of the subscriptions to the great League Fund, which is in continua tion of a former one containing subscriptions to the amount of 72,7381. 16s. This advertisement, exclusively of these amounts, and putting in a single line all subscriptions under 61. each, the , total of which is 7 854/, yet extends to six columns in length, and the total of all the subscriptions thus advertised is stated to be 168,087/. From many places no list of subscriptions has been transmitted, or will be, till the local committees transmit the collection of the first instal ment thereon ; so that probably the total amount really sub scribed exceeds 180,0001.—Manchester Guardian . FACTORY INFORMATION AT HA SLINGDEN.—At Has lingden petty sessions, ou Friday, before William Turner, Esq. and the Rev. Mr. Grey, Mr. Beal, one of her Majesty's sub-inspectors of factories, brought an information against John Knowles, the manager of Mr. Richard Ashworth's mill, at Hall Carr, for not sending a notice to the certifying also convictedacosts, for 2/ . and s g r 9 surgeon, of a worker in the factory having recei ve d a bodily injury, as required by the 'Act ; he was convicted in 2/. and costs.—The firm of Messrs. G eorge an d John Ashworth, of Bridge Hays idgeMill, was fined 5s n d cost', for employing two child ren without properschools at was neglect in his son's not attending school, the father receiv ing a benefit in the child's wages. Peggy Warburton was committed to gaol for one week, for using a false baptismal register, to obtain employment fs•r her child f or th e long hours, and thereby depriving the child of atte n di n g th e school. And Richard Barnes was committed to gaol for a fortnight, for falsifying a certificate of baptism for the same purpose.-11/anchester Guardian. INDIAN CORN BREAD.—This forenoon at half-past one o'clock, a large party of influential merchants and other principa • l citizens assembled in the Assemb l y Rooms, Ingram street, on the invitation of Mr. Cowdin, the United States Consul, in Glasgow, for the purpose of hearing him explain, and illustrate by specimens, the various forms in which maize or Indian corn can be made available for human food. The fittings used at the Bachelor's ball on the preceeding evening had been left standing, and an elegant cold collation was set out on the tables. On the motion of Mr. Henry Brock, Bailie Brodie was called to the chair, and opened the proceedings in a few brief but appropriate remarks. Mr. Cowdin then proceeded to address the company assembled, explaining the prodigious capacities of America to supply food not only to her own citizens, but for those of other countries. Specimens of two forms of bread were then produced, hot from the oven of Mr. Forrester. The first was a loaf baked from three pounds of corn-meal, and weigh ing, when it came from the oven, 31b 6oz. The other was what is commonly called in America a " Johnny cake." The former was a palatable, solid article, but seemed to be considered by the company rather damp and heavy. The Johnny cake was much lighter, and was generally greatly preferred to the other, and pronounced an excellent species , of bread. A specimen of Indian corn pudding was also exhibited. It is, we believe, prepared with molasses, and is extremely palatable. In the course of the proceedings the health of the Queen was proposed by the chairman, and that of President Polk, by Mr. Alexander Graham of Lancefield. The health of Mr. Cowdin having been drunk, and good wishes expressed that the benevolent object contemplated by him might be promoted, the meeting broke up.—Glasgow Saturday Post. __ - - Houits OF FACTORY LABOUR.—MEETING OF MASTER SPINNERS, YESTERDAY.—The master spinners held another meeting yesterday afternopn, at three o'clock, at the offices of Messrs. J. and W. Heron, solicitors to the association. The meeting was a tolerably numerous one. Mr. R. J. Greg presided. The subject of shortening the hours of labour to eleven daily was discussed at considerable length, and opinions were very much divided as to its practicability and expediency. The general impression ultimately ap peared to be, that it was desirable to wait till the fate of the ministerial measures, now under the consideration of the Legislature, should be known ; and the meeting at length adjourned, about a quarter before five o'clock, to Tuesday next.—Manchester Guardian, IMPORTS OF LIVE CATTLE IN 1845. By the Par liamentary return, No. 68, dated 19th instant, we find that during the year ended the sth of January, 1846, the follow ing were the numbers and description of live cattle and other animals imported into the United Kingdom :—Oxen and bulls, 9,782; cows, 6,502; calves, 586; sheep, 15,847 ; lambs. 112; swine and hogs, 1,598; total head of all kinds, 34,426. HEALTH OF MR. CoBDEN, M.P.—We regret to learn that the Honourable Member for Stockport is still confined to his re sidence in Connaught-terrace, Edgeware-road, although better than he has been for several days. _ _ Ou Tuesday, so great was the supply of mackerel in the markets, that they were sold In Clare-market and other placos at eiz and tight for a Wiling. A.D 1844. Thomas Burton, KA., Curate to Trinity Church, Brompten. Received at St. Edmund's College, July 13. William Goodenough Penny, M.A., Student of Christ Church, Oxford. Perpetual Curate of Dorton and Alhendon, Bucks. Received at Oxford, Oct. 18. A.D. 1845. John Campbell Smith, M.A. Received at Oscott, March 27. (Married.) John Moore Capes, M.A., Incumbent of St. John Baptist's Church, Bridgwater. Received at Oscott, June 27. (Married.) George Montgomery, 8.A., Curate of Castleknock, county Dubl n. Received at Oscott, June 27. Wm. George Ward, M.A.; Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Author of " The Ideal of a Christian Church;" and other controversial tracts, &c., &c. Received in London, Sept. 3. Brook Charles Bridges, 8.A., Deacon. Received in London, Sept. 55. Ambrose St. John, M.A., Christ Church College, Oxford, late Curate of Weimer, Kent. Received at Prior Park, Oct. 2. John H. Newman, 8.D., Fellow, and formerly Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. Late Vicar of St. Mary the Virgin's with Littlemore. Author of " The Church of the Fathers," " The Arians of the Fourth Century," " The Prophetical Office of the Church," " Newman on Justification," eight Volumes of Sermons, an " Essay on Ecclesiastical Miracles," " A Translation of the Sel ct Treatises of St. Athanasius," Tract "No. 90," " An Essay on Developement in Christian Doctrine," some of the lives of the English Saints, &c., &c. Re ceived at Littlemore, Oct. 9. Fred. S. Bowles, 8.A., Deacon. Received at Little more, Oct. 9. Richard Stanton, 8.A., Deacon. Received at Little more, Oct. 9. John Walker, M.A., author of the .‘ Life of St. Ger man," one of the Lives of the English Saints. Received at Oxford, Oct. 21. Fred. Robert Neve, M.A., Rector of Poole-Keynes, Wilts. Received at Prior Park, Oct. 27. Fred. Oakley, M.A. Senior Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, Prebendary of Lichfield Cathedral, late Preacher at Whitehall Chapel, and Minister of Margaret Chapel, London. Author of one Volume of Sermons, a Life of St. Augustine, being one of the Lives of the English Saints, some Controversial Tracts, and books of devo tion, &c. &c. Received at Oxford, Oct. 29. Charles H. Collyns, M.A., Student of Christ Church College, Oxford, and late Curate of St. Mary Magdalen's Parish, Oxford. Received at Priar Park, Oct. 29. William F. Wingfield, M.A., author of a book of de votion, called " Prayers for the Dead." Received at Stonyhurst College, Nov. 1. (Married.) Fred. W, Faber, M.A., late Fellow of University Col lege, Oxford, Rector of Elton, Huntingdonshire, author of the " Cherwell Water Lily," " The Styrian Lake," " Sir Launcelot," " The Rosary," " Sights and Thoughts in Foreign Churches," " Life of St. Wilfrid," and other Lives of the English Saints, &c. &c. Received at North ampton, Nov. 17. J. W. Marshall, 8.A., Incumbent of Swallow Cliffe and Anstey, Wilts, author of " Notes on the Catholic Episcopate," &c. Received at Oscott, Nov. 26. (Married.) John ielville Glenie, 8.A., Perpetual Curate of Mark, Somersitshire. Received at Oscott, Nov. 26. (Married.) Henry George Coope, M.A., Deacon. Received at Oscott, Nov. 26. B. Henry Birks, 8.A., Curate of Arley, Northwich, Cheshire. • Received at Oscott, Nov. 28. Michael W. Russell, M.A., Rector of Benefield, Northamptonshire. Received at Northampton, Nov. 28. (Married.) Robert Aston Coffin, M.A., Student of Christ Church College, Oxford, and Vicar of St. Mary Magdalen's Parish, Oxford, author of the "Life of St. William," one of the Lives of the Eng'ish Saints. Received at Prior Park, Dec. 3. Henry Johnson Marshall, 8.A., Curate to Archdeacon Robert Wilberforce. Received Dec. 7. Edgar Edward Estcourt, M.A. Received at Prior Park, Dec. 19. Edward BroWne. Received at St. Malo on Christmas Day. A.D. 1846. James Spencer Northcote, M.A., First Class Litteris Humanioribus, late Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Curate of Ilfracombe, Devonshire. Received at Prior Park, Jan. 17. (Married.) John B. Morris, M.A., Fellow of Exeter College, Ox ford, author of " Nature, a Parable," a translation of St. Chrysostom on the Romans, and the " Rhythms of St. Ephraem," &c. &c. Gained the Indian Prize in 1842. Assistant Hebrew Lecturer, and Lecturer in Syriac. Received in Birnaingharn, Jan. 16. Henry Formby, M.A., Vicar of Ruarddean, Glonces tershire, author of a work called " Visit to the East." Received at Oscott, Jan. 24. George Burder, M.A. Received at Oscott, Jan. 24. MEMBERS OF THE TWO UNIVERSITIES. 1.-LAY MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Johnson Grant, St. John's College, Under-graduate. Received at the Episcopal Seminary at Bruges, Dec., 1841. Edward Douglas, 8.A., Christ Church College. Re ceived at Rome, Easter, 1842. Peter Le Page Renouf, Scholar at Pembroke College. Received at Oscott, Easter, 1842. William Lockhart, 8.A., Exeter College. Received at Loughborough, August, 1843. Thomas H. King, - Under-graduate, Exeter College. Received at Birmingham, Jan., 1844. Charles R. Scott Murray, 8.A., Christ Church College, M.P. Received at Rome, 1844. William Leigh, Brasennose College, Oxford. Re ceived at Learilington, March, 1844. George Tickell, M.A., Fellow of University College. Ist Class in Litteris Humanioribus. Received at Bruges in the Autumn, 1844. Thomas Meyrick, 8.A., Scholar of Corpus Christi College. Ist Class in Litteris Humaniorihus. Author of the Life of the Family of St. Richard, one of the Lives of the English Saints. Received at .Henared during Lent, 1845. John Dobr6-3 Dalgairns, M.A., Exeter College, late Scholar. Author of the Life of St. Stephen Harding, St. Helier. St. Gilbert, St. Aelred, and other Lives of the English Saints. Received at Aston Hall, Septem ber, 1845. Albany Christie, M. A., Fellow of Oriel College. First Class, Litteris Humanioribus. Author of several works of devotion, Holy Virginity, &c. Received in London, 8.A., Worcester College. Received John T. c c t 1 m B a 4 n 0 ; at Prior Park, November, 1845. Robert Simpson, Under-graduate of St. John's Col lege. Received at Oscoft, January, 1846. IL-.LAY MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. _ . Win. Simpson, Trinity College. Received at Oscott, 1843. Jas. Aug. Stothert, Trinity College, Cambridge, and Edinburgh University. Author of "Justorum Semita," &c. &c. Received at Edinburgh, July, 1844. Benjamin Jos. Butland, Trinity College. Under-gra d u atem.ReceivedeßaotwOer St ott . John's J S oh ep n t ,s em c b o e ll r e , g l o B . 44 u. . Undergra duate. s B n E. Fortescue Wells, Trinity College. Under-graduate. duate. Received at Birmingham , November, 1845. Received at Birmingham, November, 1845. 5. A. Knox, 8.A., Trinity College, Scholar. Received at Northampton, November, 1845. Scott N. Stokes, 8.A., Trinity College, Scholar. Secretary to the Camden Society. Received at Birming ham, December, 1845. Wm. Hutchison, Trinity College. Under-graduate. Received at Birmingham, December, 1845. Henry Mills, Trinity College, Under-graduate. Re ceived at Birmingham, January, 1846. J. B. Walford, Under-graduate, St. John's College. Received in London, January, 1846. Henry Bachus, 8.A., Corpus Christi College. Re ceived in London, January, 1846. OTHER PERSONS OF NOTE. The Countess of Clare. Received 1842. • Miss Eliot. Received 1842. Miss Gladstone, sister to the Minester of State. Re ceived 1842. Miss Young, and her sister, Miss Isabella Young. Received 1842. to the Dublin Leader of a Captain n k L e a y w , r o e f n T c e ri n it Received g e 1 , 8 D 42 a . Religious Sect in Edinburgh , with his wife, four chil dren, ca ß te e . ce s iv e e c d re l ta ti r 4 y 2. mr. Antiquarian Society of Scotl and. Received 1843 . .a mr nd illiam many Turnbull, ur his n bu fo l Llo A we d r v s o . Mr. Charles De Barry and his wife. Received 1843. Mr. Charles Hemans, son of the celebrated Poetess. Miss Emily Bowles. Recei ve diat Rome, 1843. Miss Warner, daughter of an Anglican Minister. Received 1843. Re ceived 1843. Mr. Bosanquet, Barrister. Received 1843. Miss Townshend, daughter of an Anglican Minister. Received 18 43 . Mrs. Srngar, wife of the Anglican Minister, who has become a Catholie. Received 1844. Mrs. Parsons, wife of the Anglican Minister, who has become a Catholic. Received 1844. Miss Marriott, daughter of an Anglican Minister. Received 1844. Miss TReceived Pigott. 1844. Miss Harriette Received 1844. Mr. Isaac Twycross, M.D., of Oxford. Received 1845. Hon. Mrs. Heneage, and daughter. Received at Paris, le a x i e 1845. Mr. Clements. Received at Rome, 1845. Mrs. J. Campbell Smith, wife of the Anglican Minister, who has become a Catholic. Received 1845. Mrs. Ward, wife of the Anglican Minister, who has become a Catholic. Received 1545. Mr. J. Ruscombe Poole, Lawyer. His wife and two unmarried daughters. Received 1845. Mrs. Anstice, daughter of Mr. J. Ruscombe Poole. Authoress of several works. Received 1845. Mrs. Spencer livrtheote, daughter of Air, J. Poo le, and wife of the Anglicun Minister who has become a Catholic. Received 1545. Mr. Mathias Wooclinason, wife, two daughters, and a son. Received 1845. Mr. F. W. Tarleton, Lawyer. His wife and her sister. Received 1845. Mr. Geo. Talbot Bridges, Barrister. Received 1845. Lady Annabella Acheson arid Lady Olivia Acheson, daughters of the Eard of Gosford. Received 1845. Mr. Edward T. Hood, Barrister. Rcceivel 1845. Mrs. and Mies NVoo3, the wife and daughter of the Rev. Mr. Wood, the Author. Received 1845. Mr. Leicester Buckingham, Secretary to the British and Foreign Institute. Received 1845. Mrs. Watts Russell, and Miss Watts Russell, wife and sister of the Anglican Minister, who has become a Catholic. Received 1845. hiss Munro, daughter of Lady Doherty. Received 1845. Mrs. Marshall, wife of the Anglican Minister of Swallow Cliffee, who has become a Catholic. Received 1845. Mr. J. Capes, Proctor of the Pferogative Court of Canterbury. Received 1845. Mr. James Robert Judge, Lawyer. Received 1545. Mrs. Capes, wife of the Anglican Minister, who has become a Catholic. Received 1845. Mr. Grenville Wood, Received at Antwerp, 1846. Mr. Henry Foley, Lawyer. Received 1846. Mr. Gilbert Ploiner, Lawyer. Received 1846. ' SOUTH LANCASHIRE ONCE A LAKE. On a clear day, a person standing on the highest part of Barton Moss, can perceive that the valley watered by the rivers Irwell and Merses is completely encircled by an amphitheatre of hill s , except at the po i nt where t h e united waters of those two rivers discharge themselves into the estuary of the Mersey at Runcorn Gap. The opening through which they flow into that arm of the sea, is not more than two or three miles in width, and if it was closed up, the greater part of South Lancashire and of the northern part of Cheshire, would be turned into a vast lake, bounded by the Yorkshire and Derby shire hills on the east, by the high land, which extend from this great chain across Delarnere Forest, and as far as Ilalton Castle on the south, by a corresponding range of which Rivingtou Pilce and Haigh and Billinge hills:ire the most conspicuous objects on the north, and by the range of high land crossed by the two inclined planes on the 'Phis latter and Manchester Railway, on the west. Ihis latter range is continued by way of Pex Hill, and the other high grounds, to within a couple of miles of Run corn Gap, and the Cheshire hills. At some very remote period, the waters flowing from the high grounds which surround this valley, and which are now carried off by the channels of the Irwell and the Mersey, and the Sankey Brook, were probably thus collected in a lake ins this great natural basin. It was at this time, probably, that the vast deposits of marl, rich in lime and beds of sand and gravel, the latter containing stones altogether different from the red sand stone rock of South Lancashire, were deposited on the great Lancashire plain. Here they are still found in every direction, altering the natural features of the country, and entirely changing the constitution of the soil. It is only at few spots that the red sand stone rises to the surface of the ground, whilst the coal strata, in which the northern part of this district is so rich, are nearly all buried at great depths below thick beds of clay. * * * The only part of the township of Barton in which the marl does not form the principal constituent of the soil, is in the rich meadows on the banks of the river, which appear to have been covered by the waters of a much smaller lake, at a comparatively recent period. The ancient banks of this lake can be clearly traced, on both s id es o f t h e r i ver, f rom i ts hi g h er extremity, which is close by a ledge of sandstone rock, at the point where the D u k e o f Bridgevvater's canal is carried across the river Irwell, by means of an aqueduct, to a point about two miles lower, where the stream appears formerly to have been again blocked up by a ridge of red sandstone rock, through which, however, it has gradually worked its way. After heavy rains, this valley still resumes its former appearance of a lake, the waters covering it on both sides of the stream, and leaving behind, on retiring, a rich deposit of slime, resembling marl in some respects, but not containing any portion of lime, owing to the circumstance of there being no limestone in any part of the district watered and drained by the river Irwell, which produces these floods. Still, notwith standing the absence of this fertilising substance, the meadows are preserved in a state of perpetual fertility by these deposits alone. They are never touched by the plough or manured, and yet they have yielded heavy crops of hay in snmmer, and abundance of grass in the winter, as long as the memory of man, without either labour or care. In the midst of this rich valley is an orchard of thirty or forty acres, which is generally flooded, as well as the surrounding meadows, and which bears fruit of all kinds in abundance.—Liverpool Times. THE ROBBERS OF SPAIN. Of all the countries in Europe, Spain is the one in which the ancient, classical, and once universal system of robbing on the highway exists the most unchanged. With us these things have been much altered; Spain is what England was sixty years ago, with llounslow-heath and Einchley-common; what Italy was eery lately, and may be again next year. Robbery in other countries has yielded to increased population, to more rapid and more frequent intercom munication. The distances in Spain are very great, the high roads are few, and are carried through long leagues of uncultivated plains, "dehesas," through deserted towns, dispeopled districts, "deeplobados," a term more common in Spain, as in the East, than village is in England. Andalusia is the most dangerous province, and it was always so. This arises from the nature of the country, from being the last scene of the Moorish struggle, and now from being in the vicinity of Gibraltar, the great focus of smuggling, which prepares the raw materials for a ban ditti. These evils, which are abated by internal quiet, and the continued exertions of the authorities, increase with troubled times, which, as the tempest calls forth the stormy petrel, rouses into dangerous action the worst partions of society, and creates a sort of civil ca chexia, which can only be put down by peace, and a strong settled Government—blessings which, alas ! have long been denied to unhappy Spain ; meanwhile no handbook of Spain can be complete, without giving some account of the different classes and organisation of the robber system--the alphabet and rudiments of a travel ling conversation while on the road. The antiquity cf the system which has been detailed in the Quarterly Re view (Cxxii. 9.) to which those about to visit Serrania de Ronda, and the wild country between Seville and Granada, will do well to refer, especially as regards " Jose Maria," who so long held un disputed rule in those parts, and whose name will long remain in the mouths of those whose talk is about robbers. First and foremost come the " ladrones," the robbers on a large scale ; they are a regularly or ganised band from eight to fourteen in number, well armed and mounted, and entirely under the command of one leader. These are the most formidable ; and as they seldom attack any travellers, except with over whelming forces, and under circumstances of ambuscade and surprise, when every thing is in their favour, resist ance is generally useless, and can only lead to fatal accidents : it is better to submit at once to the sum mons, which will take no denial, of " boca abajo," " boca a tierra," down, mouth to the earth. Those who are provided with such a sum of money as the robbers think, according to their class of life, that they ought to carry about them, are very rarely ill used ; a frank, confident, and good humoured surrender gene rally, not only prevents any bad treatment, but secures even civility during the disagreeable operation : pistols and sabres are, after all, a poor defence, as Cribb said, when compared to civil words and deeds. The Spaniard is by nature high-bred, and a " caballero," and respond s t o a ny appeal to quali ties of which his nation has reason to be proud : notwithstand ing those moral securities, if only by way of _ well, assurance doubly sure, Englishman will do ell, when travelling in exposed districts, to be provided with a bag containing fifty to one hundred dollars, which makes a handsome purse, feels heavy in the hand, and is that sort of amount which the Spanish brigand thinks a native of this proverbially rich country ought to have with him on his travels. lie has a remarkable tact in estimating from the look of an individual, his equipage, how much ready money it is befitting his condition to have with him ; it' the sum be not enough, he resents severely the depriving him of the regular spoil, to which he considers himself entitled by the long-established usage of the road. The traveller who is unprovided al together with cash, is generally made a severe evample of" pour encourager les autres," eitherby beittipg" echan dole palo," or by stripping to the skin, " oejandole en cueros," after the fashion of the thieves of old, near J er i co. The traveller should be particularly careful to have a watch of some kind, one with a gaudy chain and seals is best suited ; not to have a watch of s ome ki nd exposes indignities the traveller to more certain than a scantily filled purse. The money may have been spent, but the absence of a watch can on l y b e accounted for by a pre meditated intention of not b e i ng robbed of it which the hredeon" considers as an unjustifiable attempt to de fraud him of his ri g ht. It must be said to the credit of the Spanish brigand, especially those of the highest class, that they rarely ill-use women or children, nor do they commence firing or offering violence unless resisted. T . he next class of ro bb ers — om i tt i ng some m i nor dis tinctions, such as the " salteadores," or two or three persons who lie in ambuscade, and jump out on the un prepared traveller—is the t‘ ratero," "the rat." He is held in contempt, but is not the less dangerous. He is not brought regularly up to the profession, and organised, but takes to it, prore nata, of a sudden, com m it s hi s robbery, and then returns to his pristine vocation. Very often on the arrival of a stranger, two or three of the ill-conditioned, worst classes, get up a r o bb ery t h e next day, for the special occasion, according to the proverb, la occasion hace cl lqdron. The raterillo, or small rat, is a skulking footpad, who seldom attacks any but single and unprotected passengers, who, if they get robbed, have no one to blame but themselves; for no man is justified in exposing a Spaniard to the temptation of doing a little something in that line. The shepherd with his sheep, the ploughman with his plough, the vinedresser amid his grapes— a ll h ave th e i r gni , which, ostensibly for their individual protection, furnishes means for assault and battery against those who have no other defence but their legs and virtue.—The Hand - hooh of Spain. PRICE OF CORN ABROAD.—At liamburgh, the receipt of the news of the intended alteration in the corn-laws ad vanced wheat 2s. to 3s. per quarter. At Dantzic, the most sanguine expectations are entertained about the future price of wheat; and no offers made under 535. to 555. per quarter, free on board, in Spring. At Stettin, the free trade pro posals of Sir Robert Peel were . considered as indications of impending scarcity in Great Britain 51s. to 525. 6d. free on board, is the lowest quotation.—Leeds Mercury. Many noble families are placed in mourning by the lamented death of major F. Somerset. Among whom are the Dukes of Welllngtoa and Beaufort, Lords Westmoreland, Morigolto; and seYer4l %Len. Cowley, and THE LACE TRADE WITH SPAIN. A meeting of considerabie importance to the trade of Nottingham, convened by a circular signed by Mr. T. Herbert, mayor, was held this morning at the Ex change Hall, and was attended by about forty of the principal merchants and lace manufacturers in the neigh bourhood. The MAYOR having taken the chair, proceeded to read the following letter, explanatory of the purpose for which the meeting had been assembled:— " TO THOMAS HERB “ E G n i r b , r l3 a l s t Q ar ' , 3Lk Jan. YO I R S . , 1846. " take the liberty of addressing you by this post, to call your attention to the article w© have just sent through the medium of our friends, Messrs. Duclos and Carron, for publication in one of the Nottingham papers, the object of which is of the greatest interest to every one concerned in the Nottingham lace trade, as it shows that by the prompt exertions of the heads of the trade there is yet A great probability of securing the admission of cotton lace into Spain, where, through the blindness of its Government, that article has always been prohibited, although not an inch of any description, whether plain or figured, ever was manu factured in the whole kingdom. "In calling your particular notice to a subject of such deep importance to the prosperity of that branch of the trade, we beg to solicit your co-operation and support to the measure we propose, of calling a general meeting to address a memorial to the Spanish Government, and petition the British Ambassador at that Court to sup port your cause. If you should decide on adopting this step, our Mr. Ponder (who is already penonally known, to his Excellency, and has had several interviews with members of the Board of Trade, and has very lately sent a variety of samples of the article for their inspection) offers his service as the representative of the trade, or will join any deputation you may send to Madrid to carry out this object. Waiting with anxiety the result of your decision, we remain, Sir, your humb:e servants, " J. PONDER and CO." Mr. Wm. Felkin stated that he had also received a similar letter from the same firm, and expressed a stronc opinion as to the desirableness of promoting the trade with Spain, especially as the British Government was giving indications of a wish to increase the intercourse with foreign nations. He suggested that a memorial be sent to the Board of Trade, to request them to instruct the Ambassador at Madrid to use his influence, now that the Cortes were revising their tariff; and he (Mr. Filkin) doubted not such a course would have a most beocficiat efft.ct. Mr. THOMAS WAKEFIELD said that the greatest diffi culty in satisfactorily arranging this quo lion would be found in the smugglers ; for the contrab a ndi s t s wou ld most certainly do their best to prevent any disturbance of their " vested interests." The smuggling system was carried on to such an enormous extent, especially on the northern frontier, that it would be well to memoralise the Board cf Trade to request, through the Spanish ambas sador, the &•vernment of Spain to use their utmost exer tions to put down the nuisance. Mr. W. CHEETICAM fully concurred with Mr. Wake field's last remark, and considered that the Government of Spain would do a most politic act in getting rid of the smugglers, by which they would not merely serve the trade, but would also destroy a class of men that ought never to have been permitted to exist. The Spanish Government, he thought, ought to be much obliged to England for the opportunity she had now furnished them of making this salutary clearance; and in grati tude ought to chow themselves ready to permit a legal trade. At any rate, if they omitted this opportunity, it might be long before such another would off. r itself. Mr. STEEGMAN said that it had been stated that there were no machines in Spain ; that was not correct, for there were eighteen engaged in the silk trade at Barce lona, where they were used as a sort of cover under which to smuggle cotton goods. lie was sorry to state such a discouraging fact as that there were machines in Spain, but he did not believe the small quantity of goods eighteen of them could make would at all affect the Not tingharn trade. kr. WAKEFIELD then moved the following resolu tion :-- " That it is desirable that a memorial should Le pre sented to the Board of Trade, representing the Im portance to the manufacturers of Nottingham and its vi cinity, that there should be obtained the admission of cotton goods into Spain ; and that the Boari of Trade be requested to impress upon the Foreign•office the de sirableness of this object. That a memorial be sent to the Foreign-office, praying for the accomplishment of this object ; and that a deputation be appointed to com municate with the Board of Trade and Foreign-office, and to take such steps as they may deem expedietn to promote the object in view. That Mr. Felkin, Mr; Da clos, and Mr. liPyinann be appointed the deputation." Mr. W. CHEETELI3I seconded the resolution, which was carried unanimously. Mr. FELKIN moved and Mr. CegErrukat seconded a motion, that a memorial to the Board Of Trade, founded on the foregoing resolution, and signed by the Mayor, in behalf of the meeting, should be adopted, A motion. which was agreed to unanimously. Thanks were then voted to the Mayor, and the meet ing terminated. ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS. The origin of these Courts is to be traced as far back as the time of the Norman Conquest. William granted to the Church by charter, authority to hold Courts of her own order. This was done in part payment of an obligation he owed to Rome, for having mate rially, if not wholly, gained him the English throne. By this fatal concessien, the Church became in this country, as in other parts of Europe, a sovereign so ciety. The mitre was placed on a detached and higher pedestal than the Crown. Superstition at that time exeried a giant authority over every part of the com munity. Men stood aghast before an impiously cunning tyrant, priest though he was. Nor could they do other wise than quail, when they believed that in one hand he held the key of the kingdom of heaven, the gate of which he could open or close at pleasure; and at the same time knew that, within the folds of his vest, he had secreted a two-edged sword, sharpened to the keenest possible point. The philosophy of their origin is, therefore, to be traced either to the credulity inspired by superstition, or to the fear induced by apprehension of danger. Had it been only one court, concentrated in one place, it would have been more easily controlled ; but with a policy peculiarly its own, Rome contrived to scatter them in every direction. The lord of the manor—the rector of a parish—the archdeacon of a district—the bishop of the diocese—the archbishop of a province—were all allowed to hold these Courts. It is not a little singular that, at that time, there was not any possessed by the Crown—so artful was the device of Rome to draw all other parties towards herself ; and then to drag the sovereign in their train, and do homage to .‘ the Servant of Servants." Of their extent and diversity the reader will form some idea, when informed that there are Courts styled Peculiars—that is, wholly exempt from the jurisdiction of the bishop, but:capable of exercising the powers of the higher Courts. Archdeacons' Courts, having, in some instances, concur rent jurisdiction with that of the bishop ; and in others altogether an independent authority. Diocesan Courts, in which the bishop is the sole authority ; the judge and all the other officers in which he appoints and can re move at pleasure. Provincial Courts, belonging to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York. The Arches' Court, or court of appeal frr m inferior jurisdictions—the great court of appeal being the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. These are the designations ; now for their number : There are of Provincial and Diocesan Courts 36 „ of Bishcps' Commissaries „ of Archdiaconal of Peculiars divided into Royal 11') 11 Archiepiscopal and Episcopal l4 Deaconal and Sub-Deaconal Prebendal /1 88 285 Rectorial and Vicarial 63 1/ Manorial 48 Other Peculiars l7 Total — 372 Such is the array of Spiritual Courts scattered over England and Wales. Let us now look at their jurisdiction. This extends to a great diversity of subjects. Testamentary ques tions, with all their varied and important results are within the scope of their adjudication ; and form one, if not the chief source of their constantly increasing revenues. Matrimonial matters they adju dicate. Religion, with all its transcendant im portance, falls within their province. They decide what is or is not heresy. They can punish for immorality. They can cite Churchmen for not having had their children baptised, or not attending public worship. Rectors can drag unfortunate men through their precincts, who may ring church-bells without per mission. They can fine, imprison (for the third offence) for life any person whatever, who shall speak a word in derogation of the Common Prayer Book, "or any part thereof." No inconsiderable portion of these and other powers have been usurped. That, for instance, relating to testa mentary matters. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners in their report say, " that in administering Testamentary Law, the Ecclesiastical Court exercises a jurisdiction purely civil, and in name only ecclesiastical." This re port is signed by the present Archbishop of Canterbury, and five bishops. As is invariably the case, usurpation induces many and oppressive wrongs. Such are con tinually arising out of what the Archbishop calls his Pre rogative. It is this. If a person dies and leaves 51 : in two or more dioceses—or within two or more peculiars (and these are sometimes restricted to single ofpthrei s probate or administration, must be takenhoutu Pre rogative Court of Canterbury. Should it t t im r e o or the ignorance of the parties be e h o m b i t s a t i a n k e e d , at the • ht didnot from any inferior Judge with who . The at i N.e , receiptacting be long, the probate or administratiomnthweoriulfl be so much undervb-ast waste p s a a r e ch b m a e a n t t iw E ri v ty er); a o c a t ld o b f b t e he v r o e i p d r . esent would go for nothing. money the payment ofde Nay, debts—the grant g i r f an a t o m f in a or le s a o s n e or daughter of the deceased had married by li cense with the consent of the executor, such marriage would be voidable, as having been obtained under an instrument that was ab initio void. Cases often occur in which wills are dem an d e d b y the Prerogative Co irth,enaafteii-iottluibeyilia avhavhein, been been dis covered.consequ consequence proved, in All of t . he expense an d trouble are then to be re-incurred. And this extends to all per sons, Irishmen, Scotchmen, colonists. Even foreigners, having shares in an English rnllway or canal— having effected a life assurance, a branch office of which may be in Ireland or Scotland, but the principal office in England —are all compelled to pay towards Episcopacy. Is this righteous ? Is it to be endured ? Would it be tolerated in any other department of English jui ispr idence ? Shall it remain in the nine teenth centu; y, the dishonour of the Church, perpetra ting the most mit3ifest injustice, and the reproach of the nation teleratug the absurd felly7—West Britain. Ii