The Sun. — London, England, 1846-03-16 00:00:00

1441-iii7 ---- PROM AMERICA. Allio AI OF THE CAMBRIA—NEW YORK j ot MAILS LEFT BEHIND. C tt , .4PooL, SA TURDA.Y.—The royal mail steam-ship, Ala i 1 -,_ . Ntiliii Captain Judkins, which left Boston on the Ist k„.. a x on the 3d, reached the Mersey this morning. ii t „ " toMously looked for, and great has been the k, t rP"ist roent in lie r"" consequence of her leaving Boston N ew York mails of the 28th ult. had arrived. J4, 4 4(1 r/el th been a very severe snow storm, and this had twp i ,,., e.arrival of the mails ; we have, therefore, no Niq dates later than the 27th. The mail is only v, iii ` " heavy as usual, and the annoyance and t le ti , ih e ttee which will be occasioned to the mercantile i?ver tm ,'Y , would, we think, make it a question with fattp"'nt Whether the delay of a few hours will not, nle:'. ue Preferable to the disappointment vonsequent 7-(letetlig the bags behind. It is, assuredly, a ques .he Cam of serious consideration. -I'lell‘VPOria brings 41 passengers, whose names are 1? 1 ., 4 . lo % k 130 Sto 'ti t A n to Liverpool —Prince Joseph N. Bona- Et, \vie. Mailliard, Mr. John Giles, Mr. S. Cornell, Eilt 0 . tus, Rev. Thomas Spencer and lady, Mr. ',,:fiti„,''‘suliersacht, Mr. H. E. Falk, Mr. T. I). C kit Ottl t "' a lt . . H. Appold, Mr. Louis Switzer, Mr. It i Ite er, tr_ . , „„,. - 44 - • R. S. Fellows, Mr. S. Hyde, Mr. W. IZI:ll t , ~,' ''• Dean, Mr. R. S. Palmer, Mr. C. F. A. tre lte `"„.t A. Borrowman, Mr. N. C. Poor, Mr. .11.01 ' k r. -- Allan, Mr. Van Virst, Mr. W. Tall, Oh ,I.oreseood, Mr. G. S. Soren and son, Mr. 0, it Geo rge Morris, Mr. T. F. Smith, Dr. F. H. ' b °lti Ll' " 'bil Wolf, Mr. E. Morton, Mr. E. H. R. 1.,1k111 VI. Fox. 4'41'044a to Liverpool—Mr. James Bisk, Mr. 4 la 47: 1 3'. Mr.E. Tupper, Dr. White, Dr. Alexander, i x,hstßkr, Rifle Brigade. fr , in t .11 . E OREGON QUESTION. t t Portant question still occupies the attention i t ,' but the pacific indications are more promi st 1t,, t4. 1 11 „following summary of the last two days' i'llt;,. - '''le senate - will show how matters stand at 4s ttitt o ,, ,U 4 , , is t ,i PisT, WEDNESDAY, FEB. 25.—There was an tt.,,wk,„''-eliate in the Senate to-day, on the Oregon Ng 'id the character of the late intelligence from Af t , .- il t nfr . li.b it ,' Dickenson had concluded his speech, il4Tri moved that the further discussion of the k4 k4 s ,tilsr s tponed to Monday fortnight. .He did not 04, 4 ..., 11 3' good could come from a discussion at c . 8 ,4 ,yhe character of the late intelligence had k1 i0. : , ! i t "Ina as very amicable, and it was . proper to k it ill i the Elaine spirit. We could not, in a better k t itts,, e et that amicable disposition than by showing il,',4lli ere in no hot haste. ‘ 1 71 11 , 4 11 said, i n regar d t o th e pacific news, of which li:i‘ to much, men might well differ in eyi 'atiti i t rd seen nothing in the language ofmini iON . 4 t of the press, which afforded any evidence .,..h i t l. to the designs of England. The British istk iiic ie too if sagacious to disclose its . designs in_ad ktf,it ' we were to gather anything from their l, ii a, it would be the very reverse of what they S i ll etv Dot the British Government had had the , i i h, 4 the before them for two months, and 'lsi t k t what measures were proposed by us. There S tki tt Priety in our taking 'counssl from the move -5 it, Brit a i n ; an d if we now postpone d t h e stta i: wo uld show that we lacked nerve and heart zilit,c.erk we had undertaken. This subject had k t Ise connected with another of greater impor dtj Political relations to other countries, He !fri t th e Project of a monarchical government, under .lit guarantee, for Mexico. 1 1 4 / 1 k ti Z t°4- -The senator from Ohio may be right ; 1 , ,, 4 t eats of the British ministers and press might 67% f air exponent of the designs of the British lx,t fll e , 4 t. If so, he wished that a little of the same ViLethild be manife‘red here. He did not propose 'll lll ,. i t V ne nt with a view to shrink from the question, VI I,: lie W to more deliberate action. The senate so iv Litme prepared to act, and the question had be 'kkc„,' 1 4 „, - ;',Platle some remarks with a view to justify wen t '- '' toferences as to the position of the British ' 4 or this question. Nothing in the Queen's . k ii " th 1P parliament showed any pacific intention I„.' hse linited States, but the reverse. He was 1(;) t hat the the remark of the government paper (the k! 1 3 ( ,;" . „' the news from Great Britain was pacific. es,C A ,P 'was disposed to support the motion, hut i t teat our right to - give the notice was indis ht?' 3 , \ hi 4,,,0/1 withdrew his motion to postpone. 0 'expi. l „ 4i tt wished to submit an amendment which lt i Prtip;' s the sense of the Senate that the question \ r ' eali i ,„ °4 e for negotiation and compromise. V t row, ; r il said be hoped every senator would come ! Se44'L' e Pared to vote on the amendments, ` BB * -' Went into consideration of executive 1!, re,q„ ,WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, FEB. 26. "tl ' '''lng is the form of the notice proposed by ?-' 'll r 4 11114 Yesterday, and which, it is believed, meets 1 °I Mr. Calhoun, Mr. Crittenden, and others pi lihirties. 4 r the adoption of this resolution, it is surmised t. 11,. Buchanan will retire from the Cabinet, and ;kt rit,lations will be renewed. 114 olio are the joint resolutions : "lee,2 lo tice be given, in terms of the treaty, for abro 4;i convention made between Great Britain and the t' e o , k4 t , es on the 20th o f O c t o b er , 1818, and continued Ittka'e?ition 0f1827, immediately after the cose . of the kt, e1,,.' 4 '„ nof Congress, unless the President, : i n his dts '4. ', consider it prudent to defer it to a later period. i ll t ik4 2 ; x lred be it further resolved, that it is earne.stly de i. 0, long-standing controversy respecting limits in , , 4 Ar a „_, - t erritory be speedily settled by NEGOTILI t. \tilitil:C'OlllPROMISE, in order to tranquillise the .1 4 , 1 a k t. `and to preserve the friendly relations of the two I!:l ll °b 'ter, after alluding to the importance of an ‘ tr ti stie: 4 °r Opinion onthissubject, by the Senate, in ,\„ 4 l",,, t „ ci the interests of the business community, ,re. t'' slivering by the state of suspense, inquired ti ste rb , l ct senator from Kentucky (Mr. Crittenden) „kites : i lded to accept the proposition of the senator ," eri t ra (Mr. Colquitt). It' i llle„: e ttlien had determined, he said, to accept the y i.. geati;,; and he would accept the latter with some Klkl it '', Mr. Crittenden went ''u to say that what. %rile t ' 0 e the occasional popular effervescence in ,\lt e,JY, or the fervour of debates here, he trusted %it ti i _ld be found that the Senate would come to a ) 4 te, `'rePerate conclusion on this subject. There that4k,e't sire that action should take peace to-day, 4 4,6 the result may be transmitted by the 1 / 4, r ' lq he did not see its importance. t ile i t er did not differ a hair's breadth in opinion l' tOttl i . ° h• Senator from Kentucky as to the pro (ik;st th l course that he proposed. He went . on to 01. h a ' exercise of the treaty right to give the 11 • t 4 4 11 1 g i t °Just cause of offence, but the circumstances Lill e were to be considered. The House accon3- 41 7 ti k e tillked notice with a proposition qualif3ing . t14 41 :1 1 proposition had been offered here. It lih )13. the sense of the Senate that some qualiti -0 ete I : to b e adopted. It was now desirable that 0,: 11 q tif 11 °Pf the opinion of the Executive Government N i lk etw et and use of this notice. The President did k t:sa t ,, t ilr, but how was be to escape it? The question . k 4l „the * ',: 3, and, if so, by negotiation. But what is `„the tCasis of the negotiation ? What were 1, 1 1, -.1113 ? All that we have from the Govern a'lld t ; a t the y claime Cheepth whole of Oregon or none. t ,N /c „' t Understand osition of the Govern- Il tt 't .°ll ld t t for anything less than the § h o re not t reat 4. 4 4 Y a g° ll . but propose negotiation.. .Did they a' eiegetiation to persuade Great Britain to give cre or Ore g ? He wished success to the pro ofikerersd-tOri be a gross incon,istency in the ki, u - Nis e -?',_ o .covernment. If they di i not intend to tyleb• i ti , - ..e result often predicted by the senator I..Sll l thi l : . eu must happen. Mr. Webster, in the N., Lat e ";,l'enlarks said that a majority of the . Senate k‘ kg, "Or the two' propositions of Mr. Colquitt. I,,ki r .iq u ulla here said, two-thirds will vote tor it. itlf , lel i e se, Mr. Hannegan, and Mr. Allen opposed th, aent of Mr. Colquitt ; and Mr. Breese . de t2l I t' 4 u t he did not wish the President to negotiate Cti N "'"&r. Allen, in the course of the debate, asserted 10 t.!reSident:s views and determination to assert k l k t ,k . ll ° ,e 4 t he whole territory up to 54 40 h a d under tillacrP. )04 p l l said, it was n ow e v id en t, if' not before, i „ lc he _ tit in controversy was, whether this question g:0 1 :9, Zttled by arms, or by negotiation and com ill 141 4 wee the most important question that had tk.4,,, A fare the American peopl e s i nce th e revolu lkiic l)01; t r elt en th e i m portance o f an ear l y expression iy.', 1 %,,'".4.0f the Senate upon it. l k til d %% h ate the resolutions could not take anything V i 'l 4 'Pe te" s tillitional ower of the President. What k it Al / ti re . e4 e nk, if the British Parliament should propose \ 1t t tl4l l f‘ r What right have we to . suppse that 1 1 t i tle d..lzevernment would heed their invitation ? 14 1j! l e ,t r S ; 1 " , Would they ever agree to compromise on k„ '''Se rd 4 It. Peel's language was the most peculiar met di Si r l t ' . 4 trY specimen of diplomacy he ever he 1 / 4 7% tid to Peel was sincere in his expressions,.. i ,"• 1 i t let i - ,„ 111 elll Mr. Pakenham. He had anticipated kl4t w it ti, ie,`,, ti he saw the President's Message. His NO „ 4, be r - ,;, e ased 'Unless Great Britain should make N 1 s'4 e — ` offer than she had done, the difficulty %te: t 6 e settled. t k ‘ t l4 ,o, 4t , tt ckielirned to Monday, March 2. t ,'‘k ot,, l 'ep -,"'°gton correspondent of the New York t," 4 h a ti ,,Y,, s, The rumour is current that Mr. \ i ,tll 1 re .° "relight out instructions to Mr. Paken t:e• th ' e - P e o negotiations by an offer of the 40th ii.lt.'eu of w,hele of the Vancouver's island, and the !‘ l % sai d tae Columbia for twenty years. oi tt ,r ao.r. that Mr. Polk will not take the responsi -4°l' a - d l. t ng the . offer, but will submit it to the 4 ' i' l li, h ttl liti.): ee " 1',0 1 ,e ri i , °at Saladan, from Nashville, in passing litille t :' , WlZ , L eatne in collision, on the evening of the lOili,, Aeir,,tee steam-boat Congress, going up, near N :: set,” se ‘• , Thirty persons were killed by the col t, N ll. , h ad illently drowned. ki" 4 .11, , *0, ( ti ue ee another tragedy at Richmond, be \l4, , I tit t l it t :bie, of im , Richmond Enquirer, a son of 11 1 , t. 44 uf tl the Un on, tolii Nlr. in', i1., , t1 Pl' a -I,,`ltt, !+;) of l e, former editor of the Richmond Whig. )0544D0t5, stue affray arose from some newspaper llit led t °64 v era! shots were made, and then resort tkelte4l Ettid 2 knives. Mr. Pleasants was dreadfully Oa t . (1,4j43 reported to be dead. A a t 4 e rective fire had occurred at Vicksburgh, 111Rht, rTenessee. sk. ~,,.. E n ,. h t ' t . " YORK MARKET. t ie-1.,, , 4 dolls. 12p ; vd Pearls, 4 doll% tt )ll' • '''_`;, • , ; A ' tel .45 % t ter* : .-L h I i n , „, ~-, n , v, e , ,. , 1.11 is ~. o 4 011 u 5 dolls. sq-c.; and beetliern at 5 dolls. N, ` I . 62i c. A firria business doing, .-•-,----• TO Talbot, Mr • landoirne.ll 11 Comm" given 010 and Inc °. osed to PO . preceed in t [led en II Kent 11n e• rangeo eti n h the ~ s altinll teli ow, tog eth o et ,pang. fr . .. 1 from C'''' Hatton, qtr. >ck• tbe before ion, and t 2: I W the and Yew' STIOGI 1) calle d —.ll to tile 51.7 0 a id Confer he $ll4 Would reP°3 31.100 once aP t e ag aini4 Old lastinf e, he conten a Due l'l/14 'oSaillit tee.? rauchce)• ne, gailfihil* V. Lies tb64.. :DUO: luaicatio Dundee ss the 1 of Ctrww 0 ti ll cation , , „ 0 0 Lords' 11" ex ePt $6 rr c wiN an d odl r d de exam ad Des fICeS il h an iceeol. riOnie ,OLI C ; o st, tent igl iP ir‘ dd est 0110 i 0 of f thst 111 10 „pil ed s Pr ele tro thp- ; o f ,tuning Da Tder co order 110°' 10 1 41,0 gb, n, "S OW le A l .0 0 1 to nod,- tit, 0 0 o%' 6t th e 1485141111 Too° ° l Ce r Bill, ' ied /1*- girt ysich t l e % r ino l.o k IN *. 010 113i1 9 h • piliCe 1111 0/3 atch el‘ , A 000 1 40 ;Ur t° D e e frog mi e of t il : O 5P on 113 xoto 3 f i c s ° 2 4 l,. r t y ', d i's los e h al# :0 1 the 94 tor , ; .001,0 1 t o- .41 s itb 0 1 0:0 O p , , he 11 )011l b e 6 ( 1 . o 0 1 00 3ibe 0 aooP , ' 7:1 5.15/; l4 r AP" , r eo vetirret. of- Cis' 1, ; $O l. :0 1111'1 Ai a g4 0, 1 ' i of e's 01 1 , p tt Cl o it the p ale f ileA et 001, ovi Itol nut - bat - otif:at° et* 1 1 1 1 0 1 ' or°' - 194 t 6 );°' Vee 0 !: Jo e -r, r . 613 g tf li* pil/tt 0 0 ti• c 1 0,10" 3dnth API 0 " 0 0 ' orrow. `THE OREGON QUESTiOtt When the Cambria left Boiten on the Ist inst. it was known that the nenAte of the United States had adjourned the debate on the abrogation of the Oregon eonratition to the 2d of March ; but thet a wns ne dotibt that Mr. Colquitt's resolutions would be tattied by a large majority in that assembly. Thee resolutions are substantially the same as those adopted by the House of Represdntatives, although in a more qualified form ; but they express with greater energy an " earnest desire that this long• standing controversy may be settled by negotiation and comp . romise." In fact, they impose upon the Cabinet of the United States the duty of re- opening the neg. , ttations on such terms as may convince the American people that a sincere attempt has been made to effect a peaceful settlement of the dispute ; and we sin cerely hope these terms may be admissible by England. Mr. Allen, however, in the course of the debate, declared that the President's views and determination to assert his title to the whole territory up to 54 deg. 40 min. had undergone no change. On the part of the Bri tish Minister, Mr. Pakenham, no fresh overture has been made. Whatever may be the motives which induce the Congress of the United States to vote the abrogation of the convention of 1827 for the joint occupancy of the Oregon ter ritory, we are chiefly concerned to examine the effect of that measure on the relative rights of the two claimants. As soon as the Senate shall have concurred in these resolutions, and the President proceed, as he undoubtedly will, to give the notice, the whole question will assume a new shape, or rather . . it will revert to the condition in which it stood before ever the conventions of 1818 and of 1837 were thought of, that condition being only modified by the actual settlements in the country made under the specific protection of those very instruments. It may, we think, be demonstrated by strict reasoning that the abrogation of these conventions under the present circumstances of the two Powers in Oregon, mate rially weakens the claims of the United States, and as ma terially strengthens our rights. Under the agreement which the Americans are resolved to cancel, two kinds of claims have existed: the first conventional, which were on the footing of strict equality ; the second claims of settlement, which depend on the relative extent of occupation by either party. If the convention he annulled, the conventional privileges of the Americans, which were equal to our own, cease and determine, as far as we are concerned; their right is reduced to a mere abstract title ; whilst we stand upon the British rights of occupation, sanctioned by all the arguments in support of our claim, and especially by the treaty of 1790 with Spain. The settlements of the Hud son's Bay Company in the Oregon territory have been made under a right recognised by these conventions ; but the right existed before the conventions, and the settlements, with all the rights accruing to their founders, will subsist after them. Dr. Twiss, in his most interesting and elaborate survey of the whole question, points out the passage of Vattel by which such a case must be determined. " If," says that great authority, "two or more nations discover and take possession of an island or any other desert land without an owner, they ought to agree between themselves and make an equitable partition ; but, if they cannot agree, each will have the right of empire and domain in the parts in which they first settled." In this particular case, the effect of occu pation and priority of settlement as conferring sovereignty is more than usually decisive. For the right of fish ing, landing for the purpose of trade with the natives, and of making settlements, having been formally secured to Spain and to England by the treaty of 1790, the settlements made in pursuance of that right by either Power becathe absolute possessions of the Crown. Let us now ascertain, from an unquestionable witness, Mr. Greenhow himself, the champion of the American claims, what the relative import ance of these settlements is. He observes that the difficulty of the negotiation undertaken in 1826 had been materially increased since 1818— " By the great inequality which had been produced in the relative positions of the two parties as regards actual occu pation. After the union of the two great North American companies in 1821, and the establishment of civil and cri minal jurisdiction throughout their territories, the Hudson's Bay Company became a powerful body ; its resources were no longer wasted in disputes with a rival association ; its re gulations were enforced; its operations were conducted with security and efficiency ; and encouragement was afforded for the extension of its posts and communications by the assurance that the honour of the Government was thereby more strongly engaged in its support. Many of these posts were fortified, and could be defended by their inmates—men inured to dangers and hardships of all kinds—against any attacks which might be apprehended; and thus, in a few years, the whole region north and north-west of the United States, from Hudson's Bay and Canada to the Pacific, parti cularly the portion traversed by the Columbia and its branches, was occupied, in a military sense, by British forces, although there was not a single British soldier, strictly speaking, within its limits. "The United States, on the other hand, possessed no es tablishments and exercised no authority or jurisdiction what ever beyond the Rocky Mountains; and the number of their citizens in that whole territory did net, probably, exceed two hundred." Such is the American account of the state of the district in 1826, when Mr. Gallatin proposed as his ultimatum the cession by England of the territory up to the 49th parallel. Nor is it now materially altered. Two or three thousand American emigrants have formed a village on one of the southern tributaries of the Columbia ; but neither their means nor their objects extend to any command of territory beyond the valley of the Willamette. They have an undoubted right to form such settlements under the convention; but they owe the means of completing their journey across the vast and rugged wilderness to the liberality and hospitality of the agents of the Hudson's Bay Company. Captain •Fremont, who conducted the United States exploring expedition be yond the Rocky Mountains in 1843, attests the fact. On arriving at Fort Nes Pere& a British post situated at the confluence of the river Wallawalla and the Columbia, he ob served that at this point, which is just 2,000 miles overland from the western frontier of the state of Missouri, the emi grants who arrive by the South Pass and from the valley of the Mississippi may embark on the broad stream of the west. He himself and the heads of the emigrants there at the same time were hospitably entertained by Mr. Mackinley, the com mander of the post. At Fort Vancouver, Captain Fremont was received with the greatest courtesy by Dr. Misaughlin, the executive officer of the Hudson's Bay Company in the territory west of the Rocky Mountains, and the expedition was furnished with all necessary supplies. He adds - I found many American emigrants at the fort ; others had already crossed into their land of promise—the Wallah mette Valley. Others were daily arriving, and all of them had been furnished with shelter, so far as it could be afforded by the buildings connected with the establishment. Neces sary clothing and provisions (the latter to be afterwards re turned in kind from the produce of their labour) were also furnished. This friendly assistance was of very great value to the emigrants, whose families were otherwise exposed to much suffering in the winter rains; at the same time, they were in want of all the common necessaries of life. Those who had driven their stock down the Columbia had brought them safely in, and found for them a ready market, and were already proposing to return to the States in the spring for another rupply." We quote these facts, which are given on American official authority, because it is impossible to place the relative im portance of the British and American settlements in the ter ritory_ in stronger contrast. In fact, if the emigrants from the United States had not been liberally and humanely as sisted and protected by the British agents, they would pro bably have perished miserably on that bleak shore, beyond the reach of all human aid. But what is the return the in stigators of the American people propose to make for these offices of humanity ? What effect has this information, offi cially presented to Congress, upon the deliberations of the Legislature? It only incites them to endeavour to expel their benefactors from the country, and to wrest from the Hudson's Bay Company those very forts which have sheltered their own emigrants from the hardships of the wilderness. No appeals have been made to public opinion or to Parliament by the Hudson's Bay Company, pro probably because that body feels sufficiently strong in its own resources and in the resolution of the Government. But a stronger case for public interest and support we have never known. A great trading company enters upon the enjoy ment of certain rights secured by a treaty between the Crowns of Spain and England, with the full sanction of royal charters and Acts of Parliament; it occupies a vast uninhabited region, where settlement was all that was needed to assert and establish indefeasible rights of dominion ; it exercises those rights with so little jealousy, that even the emigrants from the rival state are housed within its walls and supplied from its magazines. It has organised the sole system of regular communication and traffic that the present state of the northern parts of America admits of. All this has been going on actively for the last quarter of a century, and less actively ever since 1790; when suddenly, by the mere will and pleasure of a democratic community, whose nearest possessions are distant 2,000 miles of land travel, this Company and the power it represents are summoned to evacuate, surrender, and renounce their forts, their posts, their settlements, the navigation of the rivers, the possession of the country, and to retire beyond the 54th parallel of latitude. Such a cesssion of territory would at once paralyze the whole operations of the Company and the north-western ' coast. Yet, well is the extraordinary perversion of public opinion in America on this subject, that we are expected to abandon a title, supported by effectual occupation, in favour of anti her title, which rests upon no superior legal claims, and. is backed by no occupation whatever ! As soon as no tice of the abrogation of the treaty of 1827 is given, we trust that no mere formalities will deter the British Govern ment from informing the Cabinet of Washington and the world what are the definitive claims of this country, and what are the concessions England is prepared to make. Nothing is gained by the secrecy of diplomacy in tr. ating with the United States, because public opinion in that country is the last arbiter of tke national policy, and the Government has shown itself less disposed to peace than the more enlightened part of the community. Whatever be the proposals of the American Executive, we must trust to the fairness of our own views, to our abilty to defend the ground on which we stand, and to the magnitude of the alternative. But, as we observed more than two months ago, in an article which has been much discussed in the United States, we cannot ac quiesce in the surrender of positive long-enjoyed benefits; and the navigation of the Columbia, the harbour of St. Juan de Fuca, and Vancouver's Island, are included in those we undoubtedly and rightfully possess.—Times. Royalnesbeck, the Dukt e of There were present at her Majesty n 's i T gh ho ne a s t s re th , o e n D S u a c t h u e n s .. s day night, their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess‘ o f TThelifEollowPinOg L le l tt S er il was lN ad S d U res ß sed ß b E y C M T a jo l r O .G N ene . ra, Wellington and Montrose, the Marquises of Huntley, F a l. Collin to the Directing Senate mouth, Douro, Palacino, and Granb of Cracow, in reply to theyi the Marchion ess of proposals which w ere made to him Douro, the Earls of Malmsbury, Clare, Falmouth, on the morning of the 3d instant:— Co of reb Gloucester,ri (lg e, accompanied at de by yy Baronher K Coast Kieltnan Munster, and Harrington , segge, the CoAntesses " PoDGoRzE, 31:ancit 3.—Whereas the rebels have eva- of Harrington, Essex, Malmesbury, Egmont, and Beauchamp, mated Cracow, and whereas the inhabitants of that town, their Excellencies Baron and Baroness Brunnow, Bkron Dedel, in which no Government is in actual operation at the present Baron de Wudoff, Lords Cantilope; Aylmer, Auckland, Afford, moment, have claimed the protection of the three t s e ymour, and Dundonald, Laiies Free moment, W. Graham, Lennox, Powers, for the de firoce of their persons and property ; I mantle, Wellesley, Pollington, Alford, H. Webster, Goldsmidt, hereby declare that, I consent to grant them such protection , ld E. Bruce, Darin, Dundona , Hon . 0. Toler, the Lord and under the express stipulation that it shall only be provisional,' Alderman Johnstone Lady Mayoress, . and Lady, Hon. Mrs. and that it shad] continue only until such time as the Pitt, Sir 11. Webb, Ft Willoughby, T. Hare, F. French, W. three great Pow, ,rs have come to some definitive decision.J. Lowther. W. Freemantle, W. Ball, W. Clay, J. This protection shall be granted on the following eon. Abdy, Goldsmidt, A. Clifford. R. Vivian, 11. Meux, Colonels Bar- This ; nerd, Bowers, Major Buckley, &c. " Firstly. Tf. ,e town of Cracow shall deliver up to me all The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., entertained the rebel ring) waders now within its walls, and shall point linnet' oit Saturday last, at the family residence, in Whitehall out to me the i ?laces in which they are concealed. It ( the Very Rev. the Dean of Westminster, Dr. Buckland ; " Secondly. All the inhabitants to lay down their arms ; gardens, t omer Royal4Dr. Airey ; Sir Roderick J. Murchison, Knt., and, by the 5t h of March, at twelve o'clock precisely, all the the.l , s ron .. professor Owen, Mr. 11. Hallam, Dr. Lyon Playfair, Professor Wheat arms in the i own, of every description whatsoever, must stone, Mr. Eastlake, Professor Faraday, Dr. Lindsey, Professor Brande, Mr. M'Culloch, Mr. J. G. Shaw Lefevrc, Mr. M'Gregor, Mr . be given up al id deposited within the castle, where a coin- Hamilton, Mr. E. Sinirke, Dir. G. Stephenson, Mr. B. Barton, Hon mission spin tinted by me will receive them. Captain Carnegie, my., Mr. Henry de la Beche, Mr. J. Wilso - a " Thirdly. Whosoever shall be found with arms in his pos- , Dir. F. ii. Dickinson, M.P., Mr. B. Escott, M.P., Al: r. Patten, M.P. session durin g the period of my remaining at Cracow, shall J. S. Pakington, M.P., Mr. W. T. Hamilton, &c. be tried by a . council of war within twenty-four hours. The VISCOUNTESS Mr. W . GRAND ASSEMBLY.- - proprietor of ' any house in which arms may be found shrill Viscount and Vis countess Palmerston received Lord and Lady Mon t undergo the same trial. e.g Lord and Lady Beaumont, Lord John Russell, Lord and Let iy Marcus le' trill, Colonel and T,ady Mary Fox, Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Sta a " Fourthl, -. The present senate of Cracow is appcinted Under ley, Sir John and La d y Easthope, and a select circle, at dinner on the presides ce of Senator Kopf to carry on the internal Satin da7y last, previous to her Lad.yship's assembly. At ten o'elo of affairs of the, town, and to superintend the ter.ltory of Cra- the elegant suite of saloons ,vre thrown open for the reception of cow, until the three high protecting Powercgtiall 'Avg txque visitors. Nearly 300 of the elite of fashionable society, and many - of to some defir die decision.' the fore'gn corps cliptomatique, congregated, and it was after midnight After havi vg dispatched the abo• - when the brilliant circle separated. d letter, GenerarCollin The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of Cc gym- ordered the b tidal; over the Vie . - ' • • Gately. -Leabe immediately recon- o mons had a Parlimentary dinner on Saturday last, at his music: nin structed. Vi; lhilst the brio • gel was being repaired, towards Eaton. square. The following noblemen and gentlemen constit aged four o'clock in the aft - .45rnoon, sewer- 1 Russian staff officers, the dinner circle :—Viscount Duncan, Lord Edward Russell, Hon. accompaied by• a corps of the Ti l 4 hh d- Naval, INTELLIGENCE.—The Caledonia has received Chas. C. Cavendish, Uon. Thos. V. Dawson, Mr. Raikes Currie , Mr. ..;nerkesee, came to t . e ea e Mr. Archibald Hastie, Mr. W. G. Hayte: *, Mr. ()garters at rot lgrze, and .. ' copal orders to exercis•k - with blank cartrid , m once every week. Howard Elphinst.?riic:h.,„ . Rivaian f,ree tvi ~ marchin• Atill'Uneed that a c(1 . N, pier, Sir Denham J. Norrevs, Hoy 1. Mr. : O n m e . :1 0?:-; lost silo aitonithed t!,e nativec st Torpitt iiy a W. D Cl '' l ' tai ''.'" , i .11 as r M J. O'Connell, Colonel Page :, Mr. On rpeeiving this i nt . • ,4 upon the town. •' - . Ali the s , :ainen in ordinary wer 011 board, onto- .4 ,- I ` *" • • If t , li. Ca ,lain 1 , - c It.. • • • - • I '1 • It Palskra, Colonel Itaw,lJii Mr. Geo. I oulett Collin inyn.-diatelv . feu (I, fo,e. marched into Cr, 'wow. .iii 0 ,, ..e.: G" tai • . • ~ • .. 700. Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Pym came G. It Philips' ' i iwneley, Mr. Thos. S. buncombe, Mr. .'h armaa a division of lit •h t r ,followed by four companies of infantry, tiering about . Scrape, Mr. J. To and ex d a faction t h e prase great sa at I ibanks Mr. Man-les, Mr . E 0 Barns/ 4 and Crawford, Mr. Mawr , . - •E. • , crowds of th' i r ..,avairk, and the Cracow militia. " Large ion board to inspect, "ipless flocked around 'him as he zare 'hed imsnesayring of the men.—Plymottils Journal. I Mr. Mclennan TltunphaY• . TILE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING. MARCH 16, 1846. into the town, and hailed him with joyful acclamation." The Austrians found that .the castle and the principal guard houses of the town ;Orb already Occupied by a stnall detach- Elea of Russian troops. The armed bands of the insurgents, when they evacuated Cracow; before the Russisto and Aus trian troOpit had marched into the town, took refuge in the Wistern territory of the republic. Being pursued by the Austrian and Russian cavalry, they surrendered at discre tion, and 800 men gave themselves up to the Prussian com mandant. The troops were assembled together on the fron tiers of Prussian Silesia. The Prussian officer ordered the insurgents at once to be disarmed, and they were forthwith incarcerated in Prussian fortresses. PRUSSIAN SILESIA—PLESSE, MARCH 4.—On the 3d inst. a number of Polish ecclesiastics, secular and regular, passed through Bialu, under a military escort. They were taken to Austrian Silesia. The Gallician families who had fled to the frontier are returning to their homesteads. This morn ing ten pieces of artillery passed through Bialu, where a large number of troops are at present concentrated. PRUSSIAN SILESIA—NICOLAI, MARCH s.—This morning, at eight o'clock, six hundred and eighty insurgents arrived here, escorted by a body of cavalry and infantry. When the dragoons and hussars were about to attack them yesterday, they laid down their arms. Amongst these insurgents are to be found the flower of the Polish youth. I hear that they all declare that they would far prefer to live under the Prussian Government than submit to the Russian yoke. The cavalry, artillery, and 10th regiment of infantry continued their march towards Cracow, where they will arrive to morrow or the day after. Some few of the prisoners appear in good spirits, but the great majority of them are heart broken, and mourn over their country like a child who has lost its parents. Whilst they were marching to Nicolai the chief of the insurgents met his mother and sisters, who had come forth to take a lingering look at him as he passed on to his prison. Many an eye among the rude soldiery glistened with those drops which sacred pity engenders, at witnessing the heartfelt sorrow caused by this meeting. It is said that there are three ecclesiastics amongst the prisoners. What will be the fate of the Polish insurgents is not yet known ; certain it is, however, that the submission was only accepted on condition that the submission was to Prussia, Russia, and Austria, collectively.— Cologne Gazette, March 12. PRUSSIAN SILESIA—BRESLAU, MARCH 6.—One of the divisions of the insurgents, when they evacuated Cracow, proceeded towards Gallicia, and marched, it is said, to Wiliezka. Perhaps they thought that they would be able to hold out longer in that stronghold and hotbed of the Gal lician revolt. It was generally imagined that the whole body of the insurgents, on leaving Cracow, would have fled to the high mountains of Gallicia, where they would have been joined by the Goral mountaineers, by whose assistance they would have been able to carry on a guerilla warfare for a long time. Had they taken this step, they could also have opened a communication with Hungary. Another division of the insurgents professed to surrender to the Prussians. It is obvious that at Cracow public opinion is so strongly in favour of the Prussian form of government, that a very strong desire exists that Cracow should be incorporated with Prussia. This circumstance may, perhaps, introduce some complications into the forthcoming diplomatic negotiations. —Cologne Gazette, March 12. PLzsCHEN, MARCH 3.—Some travellers inform us that Russia is concentrating a large body of troops in several places in Poland. At Vroklavek there are eight thousand men, and the lines all along the Polish frontier are kept by Cossacks and Gensdarmes. Precautionary measures are also being taken in the interior of the country. It is said that the Treasury was attacked at Mezi-Bronno, but that the attack was unsuccessful.— Voss Gazette, March 9. _ _ COURT CIRCULAR. PRICE of POTATOES in IRELAND. By order of the Honourable the House of Commons, a4.oturn has been issued " of the highest price of pota toes in the various markets in Ireland, per bushel and stone, in the week ending the 24th day of January, for the last seven years (from 1840 to 1846 inclusively), as well as they can be ascertained." From the printed copy of this return we subjoin a few random gleanings, which cannot but speak for the urgency of the position of our fellow-countrymen. The following figures, in deed, are more eloquent than the most forcible rhetorical flourishing could be : The Queen and Prince Albert, the Duchess of Kent, the Ladies and Gentlemen of the Court, and the do mestic household, attended Divine service yesterday morning in the Private Chapel, Buckingham Palace. The sermon was preached by the Bishop of London, and the pray ers were read by the Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Cour tenay. Her Majesty and her Royal Consort took their accus tomed early walk yesterday. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken their usual airings yesterday in the royal gardens. Sir Robert Peel had an audience of the Queen on Saturday. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited her Majesty. The Queen and Prince Albert walked in the royal gardens on Saturday forenoon. The Prince afterwards rude out on horseback, attended by Sir Edward Bowater. Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal was taken an airing on Saturday. The royal dinner party at Buckingham Palace, on Sa turday, included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Sutherland, Lady Caroline Leveson Gower, Lady Fanny Howard, Baroness de Speth, the Earl of Lincoln, the Earl and Countess of Delswarr, the Right Hon Sir George Cockburn, Sir George Couper, Bart., and Captain Francis Seymour. Her Majesty and Prince Albert did Messrs. Hunt and Roskell the honour of inspecting, on Saturday, the jewels they have just completed for her Royal Highness Princess Sophia, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Saxony; also the piece of plate presented to his Excellency M. de Lisboa, and the magnificent silver candelabrum, part of a service of plate now finishing for his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Russia. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness were pleased to express their approbation. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited the Duchess of Gloucester yesterday, at Gloucester House. Thee' Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge honoured the Italian Opera with their pre sence, on Saturday evening. Dispatches from the Governor-General of Canada, and also from the Governors of the other North Ameri can provinces, were received yesterday at the Colonial office. The Duke of Wellington, Lord G. Paulet, and Sir Frederick Trench attended the early service yesterday in the Chapel Royal St. James's. The Rev. Dr. Wesley officiated, and preached the sermon at the daily service ; the Bishop of Salisbury preached the sermon, and the Rev. Dr. Sleath officiated at the communion service. The anthem, " 0 God, thou art my God" (Greene), was sung by Messrs. Bennet and Bradbery. Mr. Turk pre sided at the organ. The Marquises of Anglesey and Northampton, Earl and Countess Delawarr, Earl and Countess St. Germans, Lords Palmerston, Cantalupe, Ingestre, Hatherton, and Foley were among the nobility present. The following are the Lent Preachers at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, for t hi s present week : Sunday, March 15—Lord Bishop of Salisbury. Wednesday, March 18—Dr. Wesley. Friday, March 20—Dean of Lincoln, Mr. Ward. The Ecclesiastical Commissimers for England had a Comtnittee•meeting on Saturday afternoon, at the office in Whitehall-place. There were present the Bishop of London, the Bishop of Oxford, the Earl of Bessborough, and the Right Hon. H. Hobhouse. Highest Price, per stone, 'Week ending Jan. 24. 1840. 1846. ANTRIM. Antrim ... Ballymoney... Belfast ... Cushendall Lisburn Crossmaglen Keady . • Tan deragee Tallow Bailieborough BallybaiEe Cootehill Stradone Ballyvaughan Kilrush bliltown Malboy Scariff Tulla ..• ••, Middleton Newmarket Ratheormae Ardara ... Creeslagh Dungloo Glenties Movi le ... Raphoe ... Banbridge ... Donaghadee Kircubbin ... Portaferry ... Saintfield ... Balbriggan ... Ballylohill ... Clontarf Howth Skerries Tallaght PRUSSIAN SILESIA—GLEWITZ, PIARCII 7.—The Polish in surrection virtually terminated, when the remainder of the insurgents, amounting to seven hundred men, placed them selves under the protection of Prussia, and laid down their arms. The insurgents passed by here yesterday on their way to Kosel, escorted by two companies of the 25th regi ment. The nobility and gentry among the insurgents seemed to bear their misfortunes with equanimity, but the lower orders appeared as if overwhelmed with sorrow. The insurgents are now dispersed, and the territory of Cracow is occupied by the Prussian, Russian, and Austrian troops.— Berlin Universal Gazette, March 11. INTERMENT IN PROTESTANT CHURCHYARDS. (From the Dublin Evening Post.) An occurrence took place this morning, in St. Cathe rine's Churchyard, which appears to us deserving of severe reprension and public exposure. Arrangements had been made for the interment of a highly respectable citizen, the late Surgeon Roney, of Kildare -street, in the burial-ground of that church, where many mem bers of his family have found their last resting-place. As the de2eased !gentleman was a Catholic, his rela tions were anxious that a clergyman of that communion should attend the funeral, and read the burial service at the grave. For this purpose, as the law requires it, application had been made yesterday to the rector, the Rev. H. Hurst, for the necessary permis sion. This form having been complied with, and no refusal having been given, a Catholic clergyman accor dingly attended this morning ; but just as he was about to commence the solemn office, the sexton, or some other underling of the rector, made his way amongst the rela tives and friends of the deceased, crowded around the grave, and served the following notice : " To the Minister or Priest about to officiate at the fu neral of Roney, Esq. " I hereby warn you that if any religious services, otherwise than those of the Church of England and Ire land be performed in my church-yard by any one than an ordained minister of the church, and according to the rites of the Established Church, I will take legal pro ceedings against you." . "H. HURST, Rector of St. Catherine's, Dublin. " March 11, 1846." This insulting and unnecessarily offensive proceeding caused the deepest indignation amongst the relatives and friends of the deceased. If permission had been refused yesterday, the interment would have taken place without the Catholic service, or the remains of Surgeon honey would, probably, have been consigned to one of the Catholic burial-grounds. But, the feeling was na tural that his ashes should mingle with those of his family in the same burial-ground ; and it never could have been contemplated, when a day had elapsed after the application to the rector, that such an outrage upon the feeling-a of hia relatives, a nd tha sanctity of the grave, would have been attempted. It is thus, however, that the Established Church in Ireland confronts the Catholics of this country at every turn, and renders it impossible for them to forget, for an instant, the power still conferred on that Church by the law to insult the people with its arrogant ascendancy, even at the brink of the grave. Such mementos, at such a place, have a most salutary tendency—they remind the people of one of their most intolerable social and politi cal grievances. The Protestant incumbents of Dublin have already lost a large revenue since the establishment of the Ca tholic cemeteries. The exhibition in Catherine's church yard, this day, must strengthen the repugnance of Ca tholics to incur similar insults to themselves and their clergy for the future. The Post Ampt Gazette, of Frankfort, has the following from Coblentz, dated the 10th :—" The reserve of the army and the landwher of the Rhenish provinces, have been called out, in consequence of the events in Poland. On Sunday the commandant formally announced this on parade, and a superior officer stated that the third corps of the regular troops would be put on the war establishment, and called into active service. It was reported yesterday that M. de Thiel and General de Canitz had been called to Berlin by telegraph." The same journal states that on the 3d, 2,500 insurgents, who occupied Cracow, left the city in two divi sions, one of which moved towards Gallicia, and the other into Russian Poland. ----:--- - ---- A Berlin letter of the Bth, in a Frankfort journal, states ...... _ that the three protecting Powers will keep up ihelforce which had been sent into the Polish provinces, until the revolt is entirely put down. Prussia, Austria, and Russia will, it adds, act with the greatest leniency towards the individuals who have been led to take part in the movement, but will adopt the severest measures against the leaders of the revolt. The Universal Ge , naan Gazette states that a noble lady, who enjoyed the special favour of the Queen, had arrived at Berlin on the 7th, at the head of a deputation of ladies of the Grand Duchy of Posen, to implore the clemency of his Majesty. SWITZERLAND. A foreign journal publishes the two follewing dis patches, which have been addressed by Lord Aberdeen to the British Minister in Switzerland (No. 1.) " Foreign-office, Jan. 13, 1846. " Sir,—The intelligence communicated in your dis patch of the 24th of November, with respect to the affairs of the Canton de Vaud, and more particularly as regards the conduct of the Government of that canton towards the clergy, has been received with great regret by her Majesty's Government, and has excited deep sympathy with the persecuted pastors, among various classes of her Majesty's subjects. " So painful indeed has been the impression which recent events in that part of Switzerland have caused in this country that members of different evangelical per suasions have petitioned her Majesty's Government in exert their influence with the authorities of the canton in behalf of the clergymen who have, on conscientious grounds separated themselves from the Church recog nised by the state. But, although this petition is con fined to the prayer that the Government of the Canton de Vaud will afford to those pastors their protection in the free exercise of the worship of God, and does not profess to seek for their restoration to the churches which they have for conscience sake been constrained to abandon, her Majesty's Government feel that it is not competent for them to interfere, even in this limited sense, with the internal administration of an independent state. "At the same time I can have no hesitation in authorising you to express in any quarter in which you think a knowledge of it may be useful, the feeling of deep regret with which her Majesty's Government have received your report of the proceedings to which I have above alluded, as well as their conviction that perse verance in such a course must sooner or later involve the canton, and indeed the Swiss Confederation, in re newed troubles, and materially impede. a settlement of the previously existing differences which her Majesty's Government have already had occasion to deplore. " t am, &c., (Signed) " ABERDEEN." (No. 2.) MURDER IN ST. LUKE'S. Yesterday morning (Sunday), at the early hour of Oreo'clock, o'clock, the immediate neighbourhood of Golden-lane, St. Luke's, was the scene of great excitement, in consequence of the following occurrence, which was attended with fatal results to an unfortunate woman, named Mary Murray, a widow. It appears that at the hour above-mentioned, the unfor tunate deceased was, together with several other persons, in a house in George-yard, Golden-lane—one of those sinks of iniquity so common in that district, termed private gin'. houses—in which spirits are retailed after the regular taverns and public-houses are closed. Whilst there a young man, named Martin Jennings, a bricklayer's labourer, went in, and after conversing with the deceased, called for a quartern of gin. Upon taking his money out of his pocket he said he had lost a shilling, and accused the deceased of having picked his pocket. The allegation was denied by the woman, high words ensued, and Jennings struck the deceased on the face with great violence. Some of the people in the place tried to reconcile them, but the deceased still persisting that she had not taken the money, Jennings gave her another dreadful blow over the eye. he deceased then made for the door, and, having gained the court, was in the act of escap ing to Golden-lane, when she was overtaken by Jennings, who again struck her a violent blow on the temples, which knocked the poor creature down upon her back, her head striking the wall of a dust-hole as she fell. Some of the persons present perceiving that the deceased appeared to be in a state of insensibility, raised an alarm, when Mrs. Tye, the owner of the house in which the affraycommenced, c ommenced, came out to render assistance. Upon lifting the head of the unfortunate woman, life appeared to be fast ebbing, and she was laid in the dust-hole whilst information was conveyed to the police. Mr. Inspector Tierney, upon being made acquainted with what ba d happened, sent a j n u u r m e d b e w r o o m f a constables a t h w e i r t s h t o t n h e e . t s r ti e rc t la s e t r a t t i o o n c h n o v u e s y e ;the anin upon her arrival there, she was immediately attended to by Mr.3olfa the t e r c , a t s h e e w d i o v u i I s d i o p n e a r l in s u i t rg o e 4 e n b , u w t who did without al a the n h y at b e t n efi na tureeial effect, for she expired shortly after her admission. The body was at a subsequent hour of the day removed to St. Luke's workhouse, where it will remain until the coroner's inquest is held. The police, without loss of time, went in search of Jen nings, and succeeded in apprehending him in the neighbour hood. He was forthwith conveyed to the station-house, when the charge of having caused the deceased's death was en tered against him. Ne was locked up in one of the ceil and constables placed therein to watch him. He still per sists in stating that the decased had robbed him. He says, that whilst she was sitting on his knee she placed her hand in his pocket and abstracted the shilling. It is stated that the deceased has left three children. The prisoner, we understand, is a single man. " Foreign-office, January 30, 1846. " Sir—Your dispatch (No. 4), of the 22d inst., en closing the note addressed to you on the 14th by the Council of the Canton de Vaud, relative to the differ ences which have arisen between the Government of that canton, and a portion of the clergy of the National Church, has been received and laid before the Queen. "My dispatch (No. 1), of the 13th inst., will have made you sufficiently acquainted with the painful effect produced in this country by the proceedings of the Go vernment of the Canton de Vaud towards the seceding clergy, as well as with the opinion entertained by her Majesty's Government thet a perseverance in such a course must, sooner or later, be attended with results most detrimental to the welfare of the canton and indeed of the Swiss Confederation. " You will have likewise gathered from that dispatch that the desire of her Majesty's Government not to in terfere with the internal administration of an indepen dent state, was the sole reason which prevented them from expressing those sentiments officially to the Go vernment of the canton. But, now that the Vaudois Council of State, invested as it is with full powers in re spect to Church affairs, has itself invited her Majesty's Government to pronounce their judgment upon the pro ceedings which form the subject of the documents trans mitted to you on the 14th instant, her Majesty's Go vernment can have no hesitation in authorising you to express directly to the .Executive Government of the Canton de Vaud, in answer to that invitation, the feel ing of deep regret with which they have viewed the course pursued by that Government towards the clergy of their canton. " The Council of State observes, at the conclusion of toyo b u e o m n ad t e he ib l4 tb th e in tshtseelte,tt,eTrbwahtiachditshteinyeatidbd addressed easilycanbre s do cuments in question, between what bears a general s cha racter and what is peculiar to the legislation and position of their canton.' " Her Majesty's Government are unable to compre hend how any peculiarity of legislation or position can be considered as justifying a departure from those first principles of civil and religious freedom, the mainte nance of which forms the distinction of civilized Chris tian states, and had, till now, been the boast of the Can ton de Vaud. On the contrary, her Majesty's Government were entitled to expect that those cantons which call themselves liberal would have been solicitous to establish their claim to that title, by setting the example of a scrupulous regard, equally for the rights and liberties of their own citizens, as well as for those of their con federates. " The respect which her Majesty's Government enter tertain for the independence of the Swiss Cantons, as for that of all Sovereign States, would, I have already observed, have withheld them from expressing their opinions in the present official fortn i _. but the Vaudois Government having appealed t , ) her Majesty's Govern ment for their judgment, they feel that they cannot give a better proof of the sincere interest they take in the welfare of the whole confederation, of which the Canton de Vaud constitutes so important a member, than by frankly, but with deep regret, expressing their Convic tion, that perseveratte in the course pursued by the Government of Lausanne ' with respect to religi ous matters, must invol ve the canton, and indeed the Swiss Confederation, in renewed troubles, and by impeding a settlement of the previously existing differ ences, which her Majesty's Government have had al ready occasion to deplore, endanger, through the rup ture of the Federal Compact, the national independence of all the Swiss people. " I have to desire tt.at you will communicate a copy of this instruction, as well as of my dispatch (No. 1), of the 13th inst., to the Government of the Canton de Vaud, and that you will make known the sentiments expressed therein in any quarter in which the knowledge of them may be deemed useful. " I am, &c., (Signed) " ABERDEEN. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVVIIPOOL, Damn 14. &rocs ExcuArroz —The sales are—Cheshire and Birkenhead, 52 Eastern Counties, Perpetual (No. 2), 7—Ditto, York Extension, 12s. 6d.—Edinburgl , and Glasgow, Halves, a% p —Ditto, New, b p. —Grand Junction, 214 ex new—Ditto, Eighths, lg% p.—Ditto, 40/. Shares (L - . M.), 41% p.—London and Birmingham, Quarters. 25 p.— Manehester and Birmingham, Quarters (B), Sna.—Ditto (C), 7 p.— Manchester and Bury, Extension, p.—Sheffield and Manchester, 119—Ditto, Quarter Shares, (No. 2) 4 p.—Ditto, ditto (No. 3), Scrip. 2 % —South-Eastern and Dove r . Halves, % p.—Dublin :and Belfast Junction, 2% dis.—Great Grimsby Dook, 58. dis.—Great Grimsby and Sheffield, Quarters , s s. p.—Ditto, Extension, par— Huddersfield Canal and Railway, 4 p.—Huddersfield and Sheffield Junction, 9 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, par —Liverpool and Bury, 14 p. —Ditto, New Shares, 2% p.—Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Cheshire, par—Goole and Doncaster, % p.—London and York, 1 p.—Sheffield and Lincoln. 15a. p.—Direct Northern, 7s. 6d. dis.—Glasgow and Dumfries, 15s. dis.—Liverpool,Ormstirk, and Preston, 535. 9d. p.— Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Jun ction, 314 p.—Boston, Newark, and Sheffield, 1 1 4 dis.—Derby and Crewe, 3% p.—East Lincolnshire, ss. p.—Grand Union, 7s. 6d. dis.—Leicester and Bed ford, 7s. 6d. dis.—Liverpool and Leeds*Direct, 1,4 dis.-31atlock and Midland Junction, 1% p.—Mold Junction, 1% dis.—Newry and War renpoint, 2% p.—Northumberland and; Lancaster, 1 1 A dis.—North Staffordshire, 3% p.—North Western 15 . 5. p.—Oxford and Birming ham Junction, 128 . 6 d.— Shrewsbury and Herefordshire , 5 dis.—West Riding Union, 2% p.—Dutch Rhenish, 1% p. Paris and Lyons, Con stituted 4% p MANCHESTER, Msacn 14. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are —Blackburn, Damen, and Bel- Lon, par—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 211 P. -- Chester and Manchester Direct, 275. dis.—East Lancashire, No. 2, 3 34 p.—Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction, Quarters, . 1 4 Mg. -- Huddersfield and Sheffield Junction, 7% p. —Leeds an I Thirsk, par —Le!cester and Birmingham, % dis.—Huddersfield and Manches ter Railway and Canal, 4 p.—Liverpool and Leeds Direct, % dis.-- Liverpool and Bury, 12—Manchester and Birmingham, Quarters (C), 6% p.—Ditto, Quarters (A), 7% p.—East Lancashire, No 1,3% p. —Manchester, Midland, and Grimsby, 1 4 die.—North Staffordshire, 9-16 p. c.—North Western, 11-16 p.—Preston and Wyre, Halves (B), 20s. p.—Sheffield and Lincolnshire,l% p.--Sheffield, Leek, and Crewe, dis.--Manchester and Birmingham, 77% West Riding Union, 2% p.—South Eastern and Dover, Half Shares, % p.—Man chester and Southampton, par —Lancaster and Preston, 9 p.—Shrop shire Union, 34 dis.--South Midland, 1% p. _ LEEDS, Diiitat 14. STocx Exegaziax.—The sales are—Manchester and Leeds, Ex tensions, 3% p.—Huddersflad and Sheffield, 7% p.—Leeds and Dews bury, 6% p. cash—Ditto, New Branches, 2% p.—Newcastle and Berwick, 19% —North British, Half Shares, 2% p.—London and York, 31. 45 —Glasgow and Dumfries, 11. 18s.—West Riding Union, 41. 19s.—Birkenhead, Chester, Mold, &c., 275. 6d. dis.—Bradford, Wakefield, and Midland, 15s.—Leeds, York, and Midland, Us. dis. —Leicester and Bedford ,'7s. 6d. dis.—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 345. p.—North Western, las. 6d. p. LITERATURE. KNIGHT'S BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. Series from Bacon to the present day. This volume embraces Berkeley Idealism, Hume's Sceptism, and many other " isms, " to which such men as Condillac, Reid, Cant, and Fic hte gave a temporary interest, though only to a very small portion of the com munity. The subject is extremely uninteresting, for it exhibits men, ef great minds we admit, disputing about subjects which are beyond their comprehension, and occasionally quarrelling with each other, merely because the lang uage of the one is unintelligible , or misunder stood by the other. They fight with shadows, and, as far as common readers can judge, would all be of the same way of thinking, if they had words sufficiently definite to explain their meaning. It is necessary, how ever, to know something of these wars of ideas which have made such a noise in the world,and the present brief outlineof the tenets held by those of modern times, drawn up by Mr. E. H. Lewes, will be found well calculated for the purpose. The result would lead to the conviction that the men called metaphysicians have hitherto been a most unprofitable race, and that the vortices of Des cartes, and the vagaries of Hegel, of which, in the words of Dr. Ott, " absurdity is the basis," are just as useful to society as all the rest put together. Mr. Lewes, who seems to be of the same opinion, thus con cludes his remarks on the liistory of Philosophy : " Modern philosophy staked pretensions on the one question: flare we any ideas indepenci!ent of experiehee ? This was asking, in other word=, Hare we any organtan of philosophy? " The answer always ends in a negative. If any one, therefore, remain unshaken by the accumulatea proofs this History affords of the impossibility of philosophy, Jet him distinctly bear in mind that the first problem he must solve is, Have we ideas independent of experienee? Let him solve that ere he begins to speculate. " And now, reader our task is done." SCOTLAND—ITS FAITH AND ITS FEA TURES. By the Rev. Francis Trench. 2 'Pots. This is a book without pretensions, and therefore it disarms criticism. We cannot well conceive, however, what objects the writer had in view, for it gives little or no new insight into either the faith or the features of Scotland. We have, it is true, a long and tedious account of the Auchterarder case and its results, with an outline of the speeches made ire the General Assembly of the Free Church, held at Inverness last year ; but all the details respecting these have already been .fully reported in the newspapers, from which, in deed, the reverend author admits he borrowed them. And, as regards the features of the country, and the habits of the people, the information is exceedingly scanty, the remarks in general have no novelty, and we search in vain for anything like a description of the sys tem pf agriculture for which Scotland is so celebrated, or any statistical details which can show that the country has any peculiarities whatever. It is, in fact, a simple diary which the writer made in his pony chaise, or at the inns where he stopped on his way, interspersed oc casionally with amusing anecdotes, and with devout meditations, which exhibit all the features of a sincere Christian And a man of amiable dispositions. SHEFFIELD, MARCH 14. STocE Excmiziez.—The sales are—London and York, 3M Leeds, Wakefield, and Midland, 11. 9s. 6d.—Manchester and Lincoln Union and Canal, it. 18s.—Sheffield and Lincolnshire, 21. I Is. 6d. •—Sheffield, Buxton, Leek, Potteries, and Crewe, % West Riding Union, 4%. HULL, Meson 14. STocx EXCHANGE.—The sales are—North British, Carlisle, 21. 6s. 6d.—Bradford, Wakefield, and Midland, 365. Hull and Barnsley Junction, 28s.—Liverpool and Leeds, 41s.—London and York, 3 Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, 31.16s.—South Midland, 31. Bs. 3d. —West Riding Union, 41. 16s. 3d. —London and Brighton, New Shares, 2934. YORK, Maxcn 14. STOCK Excniver.—The sales are—Grand linion, 18s. 6d.—Liver. pool and Leeds Direct, 21. ss. 6d.—London and York, 31. 7s.—New castle and Berwick, 1934—Newcastle and Darlington Extensions, 91. Bs.—North British, Carlisle Extension, 21. 6s.—York and North Midland Extension, New (East and West Riding), 91. 14s. EDINBURGH, :Waxen 13. STOCK EXCHANGE.-The sales are-Aberdeen, Si. -Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin, I/. 11s.-Airdrie and Bathgate, 11. 195.-Arbroath and Forfar, 281. Half Shares, 16L-Armagh and Portrush, 11.-Ayr and Dumfries, 21. Gs.-Ayr and Galloway, 11. IN.-Ayr shire and Bridge of Weir, 21.-Banffshire, 11.-Belfast and County Down, 21.-British and Irish Union, 2/. 2s. 6d.-Caledonian, ex new, 101.-Ditto, New, 2/. 125.-Caledonian Extension, 11. 120. -Caledonian and Dumbarton, 2/. 45.-Caledonian and Northern Direct, I/. 19s. 6d.-Carnwath and West Linton, 11. Is. W.-Chelms ford and Bury, 11.-Clydesdale Junction, 171.-Cornwall and Devon Central, 11. 12s. 6d.-Deeside Railway, 4/. 10s.-Direct Northern, 21. U.-Dublin and Enniskillen, 41. Is. 6d.-Dundee and Ar broath, 391.-Ditto, New, 221.-Dundee and Forfar Junction, 11. 165.-Dundee and Perth, 12/. 155.-Ditto, Kinross Extension, 21. 7s. 6d.-Eastern Counties Extension, 11. IN.-East Indian Rail way, 12s. 6d.-East of Fife, 11. 155.-East Lothian Central and Tyne Valley Junction, 11. 59.-Edinburgh and Bathgate, 1/. 151.-Edin burgh and Glasgow, 721.-Ditto, Half Shares, 131. lbs.-Ditto, Quar ters, 171. 155.-Ditto, ditto, New, 16/. 55.-Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dumbarton, 16s. 6d. -Edinburgh and Leith Atmospheric, 19s. 6d.- Edinburgh, Leith, and Granton, 17/. 10s.-Ditto, Preference, 201. 10s. -Edinburgh and Northern, 3/. 198.-Ditto, Newport, 17 s. - Ditto, Lochgelly, 11. 25.-Edinburgh and Peebles, 11. 6s. lid.- Edinburgh and Perth, 21. 2s -Edinburgh, Portobello, and Mussel burgh. 11. 138.-Forth and Clyde Junction, 11. 12s. 6d.-Glasgow and Ayrshire, 711.-Ditto, New Stock, 241.-Ditto, Quarter Shares, 181. U.-Glasgow Belfast Union, 1/. 10s.-Glasgow, Dumfries, and Car lisle, 21.-Glasgow and Dundee Junction, 1/. IN.-Glasgow and Garnkirk, 421.-Glasgow and Greenock, 191.-Ditto, New Stock, 101. -Ditto, Preference, 11. 155.-Glasgow Harbour Grand Junction, 11. 10s.-Glasgow Harbour Mineral, 11. 185. 6d.-Glasgow,Kilmarnoek, and Ardrossan, 21. U.-Glasgow, Stratbaven, and Lesmahagow, 2/. 65.-Great County Down, 1/. 10s.- Great North of Scotland, 21. as.- Great North and South Wales, 7s. 9d.-Inverness and Elgin, 17s. Gd. -Lanark and Lothians, 2/. 2s. 6d.-Larne, Belfast, and Ballymena, 11. U.-London and Hounslow, 11.-London and Manchester (Ras trick), 31. 10s.-London and Manchester (Rem.), 11. 2s. W.-Lon don and York, 31. 155.-Midland and Eastern Counties, 11. Bs.- Morayshire, 21.-Newcastle and Berwick, lit. IN.-Newry and Londonderry, 11. 175.-North British, 251. 10s.-Ditto, 'Halves, Si. 75. 6d.-Ditto, Extension to Carlisle, 21. Is.-Ditto, Extension to Dalkeith, 5/. 17s. 6d.-North Wales Mineral, 141. 158.-Ditto, New, 3/. 17s. 6d.-Perth and Crieff Direct, 11. 95. -Perth and Inverness, I/. 4s. W.-Scottish Central, 131. 10s.-Ditto, New, 81.-Scottish Central and Caledonian Janction, 11. 10s,-Scottish Grand Junction, 11. 10s.-Scottish Midland, 41. 5 s.-S c ottish Southern, 1/.185.-Shrews bury and Hereford, 158.-Shiewsbury, OswestrY, and Chester, 4/.- South Midland, 3/. 10s. -Stirling and Dunfermline, 11. 12s. -Stirling and Midland, 21. 45.-Strathern Junction, 2/. 45. -Surrey Grand Junction, 9s. 6d.-Tean and Dove Valley, 155.-Wishaw and Colt ness, 49/. GLASGOW, M&aca 14. STOCK ExosAwnx.—The sales are Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin, 295. 6d.—Caledonian, New, 55s.—Caledonian Extension, 335. —Cale denim and Ayrshire Junction, 395. tid. —Caledonian and Dumbarton- shire Junction, 38s. —East Indian Railway, I ls. 3d.—Edinburgh. Glasgow, and Dumbarton, 175. 6d —Forth and Clyde Junction, 345. —Glasgow General Terminus, 10% Glasgow and BoPast 30s. 6d.—Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, 355.—Glasgow, Kilmar nock, and Ardrossan, 425. 6d. —Glasgow Harbour Grand Junction, 3154—Kilmarnock and Ayr Direct, 38s.—Lanark and Lothians, 40s. —Lesmahagow, 38s. 6d.—Perth and Inverness, 288.—Perth and Cried', 26s.—Scottish Central, 1334—South Midland. 61s.—Stirling and Dunfermline, 345. 6d. PARLIAMENTARY DIV ISIONS. 'From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons. FRIDAY, MARCH 1 3. GRAND TRUNK OR STAFFORD AND PETERBOROUGH UNION RAILWAY BILL. Order for Second Reading read ; Motion made, and Question pro posed, " That the Bill he now read a second time :"—Amendment proposed, to leave out the word " now," and at the end of the Ques tion to add the words " upon this day six months :"—Question put, " That the word ' now' stand part of the Question." The House divided : MAJORITY—AYES, 60. Baine, Walter Etwall, Ralph Mitealfe, H. Baring, F. T. Evans, Sir De Lacy Mostyn, E. M. Barnard, Edward G. Ewart, William O'Connell, Daniel Benett, J. Feiidea, William O'Connell, John Bowring, Dr. Fitzgerald, It. A. Osborne, Ralph Bridgman, Hewitt Forster, Matthew Palmer, G. Bretherton. J. Gibson, T. M. Rawdon, Colonel Christie, W. D. Gill, Thomas Smith, J. A. Colebrooke, Sir T. Greene, Thomas Somerville, Sir W. Collett, John Hastie , A. Staunton, Sir G. Craig, W. G. Hill, Lord M. Tancred, H. W. Crawford, W. S. Hodgson, F. Thornely, T. Dalrymple, Captain Hume, Joseph Tufnell, Henry Dennistoun, John James, William Walker, Richard Divett, Edward Loch, James Wakley, T. Duncan, Lord Macaulay, T. B. Ward, H. G. Duncan, George Macnamara, Major • Wawn, J. T. Duneombe, T. M'Carthy, Alexander Young, John Dundas, Admiral M`Taggart, Sir J. TELLERS. Ellice, Edward Marjoribanks, S. Pechell, Captain Elphinstone, H. Matheson, J. Berkeley, H. F. MINORITY-NOES, 40. Arkwright, George Bagge, W. Banker, G. Baring, Henry Bennet, P. Berkeley, Craven Broadley, H. Bruce, Lord E. Bruce, C. L. C. Cochrane, A. Colborne, B. IL Copeland, Ald. Douglas, J. D. S. Drummond, H. Duncannon, Lord Dancombe, A. Dunconabe, 0. Frewen, C. H. Gaskell, J. M. Gore, W. R. 0. Halford, Sir H. Hildyard, T. B. Hinde, J. H. Hodgson, R. Hornby, John Jocelyn, Viscount Kelly, Sir Fitzroy Lockhart, W. Mackinnon, W. A. Mahon, Viscount Manners, Lord C. Neeld, John O'Brien, A. Stafford Smollett, Alexander Sotheron, T. H. Strickland, Sir G. Trotter, John Tyrrell, Sir J. T. Wall, C. B. Wrightson, W. B. -- TELLERS. Mundy, Edw. Miller Packe, C. W. PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS. (From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons, COMMITTEES ON RAILWAY BILLS. MONDAY, MARCH 23. London and South-Western (Hampton Court Branch). London and South-Western (Chertsey and Egham Branch). London and South-Western (Epsom Branch). London and South-Western (Alton and Farnham Branch). London and South-Western Railway Acts Amendment. London and Brighton (Dorking Branch). TUESDAY, MAR C H 24. Exeter and Exmouth. London and Oxford. Eastern Union and Hadleigh. Colchester, Stour Valley, Sudbury, and Halstead. Harwich and Eastern Counties Junction Railway and Pier. MaMon. Witham, and Braintree. Eastern Union (Ardleigh to Colchester). Eastern Union and Harwich. THE CORN TRADE. Hum, TuRSDAY.—We cannot report any more briskness in the corn trade during the past week. At to-day's market there was a fair show of wheat from the farmers, and the condition improved. Last week's prices were fully main tained. In free foreign nothing doing. There are a few in quiries for bonded, without, however, leading to business. No alteration in the value of spring corn. In linseed there has been very little passing. Linseed cakes are very dull of sale, at rather lower rates. Rapeseed is unaltered; the ar rivals continue very small. Rape cakes are very scarce, and maintain their price. Bones are inquired for, but not much actual business passing. Guano goes off in retail. WAKEFIELD, FRIDAY.--.We have a small supply of each article to this day's market, at which there is an improved d e mand for all description s of grain. The finest qualities of wheat are scarce, and obtain ls. to 2s. above last Friday's rates. Other sorts are Is. dearer, with the exception of the inferior qualities, which continue unnoticed. The best sorts of barley are la. higher, with more business done in other qualities. Oats are jt d . per stone, and shelling fully I.s. per l oa d higher. No alteration in beans or other articles. TREASURE FOUND IN A MISE R ' S HOUSE.—Soma m onths since, it will be recollected, that a commission of lunacy was issued upon a maiden lady named Sarah Carey, whose . age was upwards of eighty, an d w h ose s i ngu l ar penurious habits had rendered her notorious in the neigh bourhood of her residence in the Cannon-street-road. Al though possessed of considerable property, with, it is said, a sum of 15,0001. invested in the funds, she lived in complete seclusion, dressed herself in filthy rags, and denied herself even what are considered the common necessaries of life. She had resided in the same dwelling' for a period of forty Years ; and when the 'inquiry was held i n the course of 'November last, the jury could only gain access by forcing the pannels of the chamber, when the unfortunate lady was found in the most deplorable state of filth and wretchedness. The jury having found her of unsound mind, she was speedily removed and placed under care. The house has since been undergoing repair, and for some time after her removal search was made for supposed treas ur e, but first without effect; and it was not till very recently, upon a more diligent search, that a discovery was made of what appeared to be waste paper, behind a board in a closet, but which proved to be Bank of England notes consisting of fives, fifties, and hundreds (some of Abraham Newland, and some of the date of 1808), amounting to no less than 4,160/. In other places doubloons, old guineas, and other old gold coins, of the value of 1,000/., and 450 oz. of plate, worth 150/. ; the whole being worth six or seven thousand pounds. On the report recently made to the Lord Chancellor, the gold and plate were ordered to be sold, and the produce, with the otl ter cash, invested. Contents of the enlarged Observer of Sunday, March 15.—Latest news from America by five days, brought by the steam ship Cambria, which arrived at Liverpool on Saturday; contents of Boston and New York papers to 25 and Halifax to the 4th of March ; names of 41 passengers. Windsor election of Mr. Neville en Satur day. Arrival of news on Saturday from Poland; Cracow oscupielL by the Austrians. Marylebone meeting, on Saturday, on the Metropo litan Buildings Act. Contents of two of despatches from the Earl of Aberdeen to the British Minister in Switzerland. Four columns of the trial at Bedford, " Coultas v. the Rev. Dr. Bowes." A column on the subject of the pioneers of civilization at Liberia. on the Gold Coast of Africa; and 32 columns of the latest miscellaneous news. A Monday afternoon Observer is regularly published. Lord Brougham gave an elegant entertainment on 1 Saturday last, at the Noble Lord's residence in Grafton-street. 2 2 3 1 24 ARMAGH. ... 2-A CARLOW. CAVAN. CLARE. CORK. 21 DONEGAL, ... ii DOWN. DUBLIN. 4 3 3 FERMANAGH. Edenderry ... ... 2. Kesh Maguire's-bridge ... 2. Newton-butler ... 2 GALWAY. Ahaserah ... Ballinasloe ... Portumna ... Galway ... Tuam - ... Williamstown KERRY. Dingle Listowel Miltown Tralee KILDARE. ... 3} Athy Kilcock Naas ••• ••• 3 Robertstown ... 3i KILKENNY. 3 Callan ... Castlecomer Graigue ... Kilkenny ... 31 KING'S. ... 31- Clara Edenierry ... Philipstown ... ... LEITRIM. 2i Ballinamore... Garrigallen Mohill if LIMERICK. 3i Adare ... Castleconell ... Croom ... Limerick ... Rathkeale ... ... 2 LONDONDERRY. Castledawson Kilrea ... Magherafelt 2A ... ii LONGFORD. Ballymahon Granard ... Longford ... LOUTH. Ardee Dundalk Louth MAYO. Ballinrobe ~. Hollymount Shruel ... MEATH. Athboy Dells Navan Trim MONAGHAN. 2 Ballybay Clones Drum QUEEN'S: ... 11 Abbeyleix Mountrath Stradbally ... 2 ROSCOMNION. Castlerea . . ... 2 Iluskey 14 SLIGO. Ballaghy ... 2 Coolany 2. Easkey 1 TIPPERARY. Borrfa•okane ... 24 Newport ... 3 Roserea 2 Thar .? TYRONE. Caledon 21 Clogher ..• 3 Fintona ••• ... 3 WATERFORD. Ardmore ••. ... 2 Lismore ••• ... 2 Waterford ••• . . 34 WESTMEATH. Castlepollard 24 Kilbeggan ... 3 Mullingar • 34 WEXFORD. Enniscorthy ... 3 New Ross ... 34 Wexford ... 3 WICKLOW. . , 3 41 3 4 4 4i 6 5 Blessinton ... 3 ... 4 Bray Wicklow ... 3 ... 4 Is s a note appended to the official catalogue the In spector-General remarks—" It is represented, &c., that the vresent low prices in some instances are attributable to the anxiety of the farmers to dispose of their potatoes before they become diseased ; others refer low prices to disease already commenced." In either case the ulti- Intste as well as the present effect must be most injurious. If immediate and active measures be not employed we dread to reflect upon the futurity in store for Ireland. APPALLING APFAIR.—On Friday last, as Some per seas were engaged in clearing a barn near East Paul, in the parish of Clfivelstone, {they found the body of a woman which had been eh ockingly mutilated by rats. The face and breast were disfigured In A most shocking manner. It appears that the deceased person w. 13 the granddaughter of one Philip Elliott, formerly of Chivelstone, wl szo died at Brixham some months ago. The poor creature was in con Sequence deprived of her only earthly friend, and was returning to be't own place, when from fatigue she was unable to proceed fwethey than the barn, near which she was met by a person named Cr imp. The deceased was at the time carrying her shoes, being unof - able to w*.alk with them any longer. A post mortem examination the body Wok place, when it was found that deceased died from ha nation tuition an.: inanition , there being nothing of aliment found in the stc mach. Report states that she had made application for relief to a eel Main parish, but was refused. Inquiry will be made, and if this is Sot and to be the case, the parties shall not escape the punishment duo 'AD their conduct. Western Tima. SIR JOHN COPE'S FOX-HOUNDS.—A SERIES OF " BLANks."—The Marquis of Downshire, the Earl of Rosslyn, Major-General which took plane s Wemyss, and a very numerous field (upwards of W two hun dred) were at the meet on Saturday, at field Park, Park, the seat of Sir John Walsh, the Member for the county of Radnor. The covers of Sir J ohn were first drawn, butield unfortunately were next blank. Miss Ferand's cove rs at Ascot-place, Winkf, then taken to the Park, in drawn, with no better succe ss. The pack was ~covers at Swinley, which were drawn also blank. Rupley poi:ccup of hs Royal highness Prince Albert was the next t, but a the same resu lt followed. The hounds w ere then taken across the Forest to Cream's Camp, a distance of four miles, drawing all the covers in the line of route; but nothing in the shape of a fox was either seen or heard of. Tha pack was then taken back to the kennel, and the field dispersed, afte ot r h a ve been under an ycircum one of the blankest days this season ; indeed a worse could n stan ces. CAUTION AS TO POTATO STOElNG.—Professor Henslow communicates two curious instances of spontaneous ignition baying nearly taken place in consequence of fibrous riots being used to store potatoes. In one case a labourer at Ritchin, observing that some potatoes intended for seed were sprouting, stored two bushels in perfectly dry bean-dust, the refuse after thrashing and removing the stalks ; but the moisture from the potatoes so saturated the bean-dust, that it heated and became charred ; some of the potatoes were half roasted, and had it remained unnoticed a few days longer the cottage would probably have been burnt down. In the other case, :fir. Joseph Rand, of Handleigh, in October last, laid up a quantity of potatoes in a small chamber of his malt-house, care fully packed in layers with dry "malt dust," which falls through the kiln tiles. Above a fortnight ago the Excise officers, in making their inspection, lighted upon this heap , and happening to stir it up, found the interior in a state a pp roachin g to ignition, the potato& par boiled, or half baked, and the malt-dust perfectly charred. Imme diate steps were taken to remove the dust the potatoes being chiefly rotten, were thrown away, and the malt was laid on another of the same material, to be carried upon the land ; but in a short time that no time was lost in removing it it heated again so powerfully, from the premises, the walls and floor of which had been visibly affected by the heat. On Saturday morning Miss Tunstall, the vocalist, formerly of Vauxhall -gardens, where she was a great favourite for many years, expired very suddenly at her residence in Wellington street, Newington-causeway . FANCY FAIR IN THE THAMES TUNNEL—A fancy fair, of te enin of this unertaking, to the third y is announced celebrate to be held ill a tile tunnel o n g the 23d instant (Monday next), and the three following days. Extensive preparations are already being made to carry out the affair with great splendour. The general subscriptions in Paris in favour cf the Poles amounted on Thursday to 25,090 f., and that at the Chamber of Deputies to 8,000 f., making a total of about 5.1,090 f. 2i• 21 L 1. 4 31 4i 4 3i 33i3 3 341- 6 6 64 RO YAL SOCIETY. Rumours are ;if that one, if not two, of the medals has .this year been awarded in direct violation of the charter, independently crt having been voted in opposi tion to constitutional forms. A strong remonstrance, we bear, has been made, which, if not taken into con sideration, or if, perhaps, the awar.ds be not revoked, by the council, will probably become St case for the de cision of the Lord Chancellor. If su:b be the truth, and we fear there are strong grounds for its founda tion, we trust that the scandal of a public exposure may be avoided ; that a right and rigorous spirit o bo f investi gation may be exercised by the governing dy ; and that, if the outrage be proved, it may be brought home to the real delinquents. In the present stage of " the pro ceedings, we refrain from further comment, and L'lerolY give the subjoined statement of the apparent ILLEGAL AWARD OF ONE ROYAL MEDAL. The following notice is affixed to the first part of the* " Philosophical Transactions for 1845;" and the same notice has been affix - Ed to every volume of the "Philoso phical Transactions" published since 1837 : " Her Majesty Queen Victoria, in restoring the royal medals, has been graciously pleased to approve the fol lowing regulations for the award of them :—That the royal medals be given for such papers only as have been presented to the Royal Society and inserted in their *Transactions.'" The second part of the " Philosophical Transactions for 1845" has been published, and does not contain the paper for which the royal medal in physiology was awarded at the last anniversary meeting of the Society on the Ist of December. The medal has consequently been awarded by the council for a paper that has not been inserted in the " Transactions" of the Royal So ciety, contrary to the regulations ordered by the Crown. —Literary Gazette of Saturday. MANSFIELD GUARDIANS. It seems as if it were decreed that the guardians of Mansfield union should stand most conspicuously before the world. It is not long ago that their names were called into question in the House of Commons in re gard to the non-producing wheel ; since then, a ques tion has arisen against them on account of the room in which travelling nielidicants were lodged during nights, said to be most unfit to piece them, and the Poor-law - Commissioners' attention was called, and they caused the room to be improved. A month ago, the guardiang, contrary to the spirit (and we think will prove contrary to the letter too) of the poor law Acts, passed a resolu tion that no able-bodied mendicant should be admitted into the union house for a night's lodging, though, by the law, they are compelled, before quitting the house on a morning, to perform a task of work in return for the lodging afforded them. Since this most extraordi nary resolution was passed, vagrants, who have been refused admission into the house, have committed various offences, such as breaking windows, gas-lamps, and taking provisions out of a shop, for the express pur pose, as they stated, of obtaining lodgings at the police office and in prison. Some of these men having been taken before Major Coke, he, with a promptness which does him great credit, put himself in communication with the Poor-law Commissioners. The Commission ers, through Mr. Weale, Assistant Commissioner, in stantly instituted an inquiry into all this, and if we aro not greatly mistaken, the guardians will once :more find themselves at fault. We hope to be enabled to learn the result of Mr. Weale's inquiry, and put the pudic in possession of it. Since the resolution was passed, vagrants who had been refused admission into the workhouse have gone to Mr. Richardson, the present acting overseer of the poor, and demanded assistance. At some times he has sent for the police to remove the acplicants, and other times given _relief out of his own p0..-Iret, fearing his shop windows would be broken. Three weeks ago Mr. Ri chardson wrote to the Poor-law Commiss,,oners upon the subject, and he received a reply from theca to say the matter was one of serious consequence, cm: would be duly inquired into. We never yet heard of any union workhouse, occept Mansfield, being without beds for vagrants. At Mans field, they lie upon straw at nights, and until bed time they are placed in another room on the ground floor, without a fire, scarcely anything (if anything at all) to sit upon, and provision not very bountiful. A con demned felon has a bed, a fire, and proper sustenance ; but a month ago, three or four vagrants found themselves to bei so cheerless and cold in the lodging place, p sent to their bed of straw , that they actua!ly up rior ng boards in one of the sleeping-places, put them i nto the firegrate, in the fireplace, and ignited them in oilier to be warmed. These things must not, and shall not, be longer tolerated.—Aottingham Review. RICHARD COBDEN.—And one at least of that body has won a larger measure of confidence and respect than per haps was ever before awarded, both by friends and enemies, to the leader of a great enterprise.. Calm, indefatigable, in flexible; with singleness of purpose, never diverted to the right hand or the left ; shrinking from no fatigue, shunning no opponent, and never yielding to an antagonist art advan tage in temper or argument; reasoning not for effect but to produce conviction, and carrying conviction by communicat ing to the minds of others, with the evidence of plain facts in plain words, a belief in his own sincerity; the right cham pion appeared at the right time ; the hour came and the man ; the man without whom public *lion would even yet have been so unformed upon the fallacies of protection, that no Whig or Tory ministry could have dared to procose more than a slight or temporary modification of the existing sys tem—the man who has given to this generation the blessings which without him would not have been realised till the next ; and the honest thanks of all good men be given now. and hereafter the world's gratitude, to Richard Cobden-- Westminster Review. DETERMINED SIIICIDE.—Mr. Bedford on Saturday held an inquest at the Chesterfield Arms, Stanhope-street, Mayfair, on the body of Mrs. Henrietta Herbert, aged 67, who destroyed herself under the following circumstances: — Emma Herbert, the daughter of the deceased, residing at 6', Bolton -street, Piccadilly, stated that her mother had been living at Windsor, but was in such a low and desponding state of mind that she persuaded her to come to town, which she did about a fortnight ago, and lodgings were taken for her at Carrington-street, Mayfair. Witness was in the habit of seeing her daily, and on calling on Friday, to her horror, found her suspended by a rope to the bed stead. An alarm was given, and she was cut down, but a surgeon, who was in attendance, pro nounced her dead, and that she had been so for some hours. She was under an impression that her land lady would turn her out of the house, when, in fact, she bad always behaved very kind to her. Her manner had been very strangely altered of late, especially on trifling subjects. Mrs. Slater, the landlady of the house, gave evidence of the unhappy state of the deceased's mind ever since she had lived with her. She had often wished she was dead ; regretted very much leaving Windsor. and complained of the conduct of a young man named Barnard, who, she said, was setting her daughters against her. This, however, did not apl'ear to be so, but was entirely a delusion. After some other evi dence, the jury were not satisfied without further inquiry, and the inquest was adjourned. IMPORTANT TO FISHERMEN. —Fourteen mackerel nets, two pieces of cordage, and t wo casks which appear to belong atp of Calms. t ea by o n If these are not claim ed before the Ist of April next, they e an Fr E en n e g h lis b h oa fi t sh S i t i . ig Je b a o n a,t rin hdavtaekben"nintPoictkheedpotirpt will be disposed of by public authority.—Brighton Herald. TRADE AT BLAcKnue..x.—The cotton trade here is worse than it was a fortnight ago. There is very little demand for manufactured goods, and prices are ruinous to the manu facturer. Yarns remain rather fiat, and prices much the same. Power-loom weavers are at present fully employed, but those engaged in weaving by hand are in most miserable circumstances. Many of them have not much more than half work and wages are very low. Joiners, builders, and masons, have a tolerably good share of employment at the stations of the Blackburn, Darwen, and Bolton railway, and the Blackburn and Preston railway. Engineers, millwrights, moulders, smiths, and mechanics, are not so well employed as they were some time past. Block and machine printing, at Church, Parish, Accrington, Oswaldtwisle, and their neighbourhoods, are still fiat; but hopes are entertained that as soon as the ministerial measures have passed the House of Lords things will be better.—Manchester Examiner. TL,~ '