The Sun. — London, England, 1846-09-15 00:00:00

RITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. _ MONDAY.—This being the day se ated by his Royal Highness Prince Albert for his visit the several sections into which the association every )ruing resolves itself, the town was in no small stir )m an early hour. Flags were waving in all directions, Ld a number of the neighbouring gentry came into the wn. At half-past ten o'clock the Mayor, Aldermen, id Common Council, assembled in their robes in the ading-room at the utmost extremity of the pier, close the principal landing-place. They were soon after- Ards joined by Sir R. Murchison, to whom the Mayor troduced the several members of the corporation. The .om had been handsomely fitted up and decorated, and carpet was laid down to the water's edge. His Royal .ighness had fixed to arrive at eleven o'clock, and pre sely at that hour the Fairy was within 100 yards of Le pier, and the Prince stepped into her barge, and was ,wed to the landing steps. He was attended by the :on. G. E. Anson and Colonel Bouverie, , and was re- Aired on landing, under a salute, by the Mayor and )rporation, Sir R. Murchison, and Captain Ellice, R.N., id conducted to the reading-room, where the Mayor resented the following address, agreed to by the corpo ttion:— TO FIELD-MARSHAL HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS FRANCIS ALBERT AUGUSTUS CHARLES EMANUEL, DUKE OF SAXE COBURG AND GOTHA. " May it please your Royal Highness,— " We, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Icient and loyal town of Southampton, beg respectfully approach and welcome your Royal Highness, and to Fer our sincere and cordial congratulations on the aus cious event of the visit of your Royal Highness to our wn at the time when it is honoured by receiving the ritish Association for the Advancement of Science, and .at here for the first time your Royal Highness has ten pleased to testify by your presence at its meeting te interest which your Royal Highness is well known take in all that tends to the progress of science, and ) the general and permanent well-being of the corn tunity. That your Royal Highness may long continue t the enjoyment of uninterrupted health, and in the sneficial exercise of that patronage which your Royal Eighness has ever afforded to objects of national utility ad importance, and that it may please Divine Provi lence' long to spare her most Gracious Majesty to rule ,ver her loyal and devoted subjects, and that the royal hildren may continue a blessing to her Majesty, as well s to your Royal Highness, is our fervent and anxious ever." The MAYOR having read the address, His ROYAL HIGHNESS bowed and said—Mr. Mayor, and gentlemen, I return you my best thanks for this oyal address. It gives me great satisfaction to revisit Southampton on the occasion of this great scientific teeting. His Royal Highness then stepped into the Mayor's trriage, accompanied by that functionary and Sir R. furchison. The carriage was driven first to section A, hich was sitting in the Bugle-hall, where about 150 arsons were waiting to listen to a report by Mr. 'hillips, of York, the assistant-general secretary of the ssociation, on anemometry. The section rose to receive is Royal Highness, who took a seat on the right of the resident of the section, Sir J. Herschel. The report 'as then immediately read. It detailed what had been lone by Mr. Whewell and others to arrive at an accurate wocess of ascertaining the velocity of the wind. Mr. Whewell also explained the mode adopted for ascertain ng the height of the clouds—an ingredient in the in restigation into the wind's velocity. The Prince paid great attention to these statements, so much, indeed, that he did not for some moments ob serve the entrance of Lord Palmerston, who came upon the platform during the reading of the report. When Mr. Whewell had concluded, Sir J. Herschel addressed the Prince, and solicited his acceptance of a geological coloured drawing of the Isle of Wight, done with ex treme care by Mr. Drew, of Southampton, one of the secretaries of section A; the strata were all distin guished upon the drawing. His Royal Highness ac cepted it with the utmost courtesy, and listened atten tively to Mr. Drew's explanation of it, in answer to questions put to him by the Prince. His Royal Highness having remained in this section for nearly half an hour, drove off, accompanied by Lord Palmerston and also by Sir J. Clark, to the sub-section of ethnology, which was sittinc , in the Long Rooms, a place appropriated to section f(physiology)—a section which on Friday adjourned till to-morrow. Here Dr. Latham was found detailing to about 70 persons the re searches of Professor Von Middendorf in Siberia. Dr. Latham made a detailed statement respecting the dif ferent tribes met with by the Professor, their dialects and their physical conformation. The Prince listened with much apparent interest to this account, and also to a further explanation which the Professor himself added in the German language. His Royal Highness remained about a quarter of an hour here. The next place visited was section G (mechanics), held in a large house in the High-street, late the South ampton Club-house. Here Mr. Fairbairn stated " the results as obtained from the experiments in connexion with the proposed tubular bridges across the Con way and Menai Straits," of the latter of which a model was exhibited to the audience. Here also the Prince seemed much interested. Mr. Fairbairn re marked that the application of wrought iron to bridges of a peculiar form was perfectly novel, and originated, as he believed, with Mr. Robert Stephenson. In the case of the Menai Straits, the extent of the span, and the determination arrived at by the Lords of toe Admiralty, with a view to prevent the interruption of the navigation, rendered the construction of arches text to impossible ; a chain-bridge would not carry a railway train across, because of the undulations; Mr. Stephenson, therefore, conceived the idea of a large cylindrical tube of wrought iron. The span would be 400 feet from tower to tower; and the tube would be made of a strength equal to four times the utmost weight it could ever have to bear. Mr. Fairbairn described the experiments which had been made on the strength of materials. The thanks of the section, which consisted of about sixty persons, were voted to Mr. Fairbairn, the discussion on the subject being postponed; and having remained a quarter of an hour, the Prince left this section. His Royal Highness then went to the Polytechnic In stitution, to section B, which i 3 devoted to chemical science, including its application to agriculture and the arts. Professor Grove was in the chair, and Professor L C. OS'rsted had been discoursing " on the changes which mercury sometimes suffers in glass vessels her metically sealed." The chairman explained the state of the question to his Ro) al Highness, and the discussion proceeded, the chief point under consideration being the purity of the mercury employed in some processes which had been described to the meeting. The Prince did not remain above ten minutes. There were fifty or sixty members present. In the Victoria-rooms, to which his Royal Highness next drove, at section C (" Geology and Physical Geo graphy"), the secretary proceeded to read a paper by Dr. Forchhammer, " On arctic currents as exhibited in the distribution of the northern drift." This room was very well attended ; there must have been 180 or 200 persons present ; the Marquis of Northampton was among them. The paper read detailed various indica tions that the north of Europe formerly had had a lower temperature than it had at present, though there might have been no general change in the temperature of the earth. The discourse intimated that there were means of fixing somewhat more closely than hitherto the period of the separation of England from the continent, by an examination of the nature of the currents and the direction of the tide. The German Ocean was probably once a bay, with the shores of Denmark at its innermost parts. A little before this period it was whispered about the room that her Majesty was nearing Southampton in the Fairy, which had gone back to Osborne-house after the Prince had landed ; and the president of the section, Mr. L. Horner, now rose and said, that the paper which was being read was going so much into detail, that it was not of a nature to be finished with advantage in the section. Dr. Forchhammer therefore added a few words respecting the sub-marine forests and peat mosses found in his country. In one place a submarine tumulus was found, in which were knives of flint ; the doctor seemed disposed to date the separation of England from the con tinent between 2,500 and 3,000 years ago. Professor Forbes then read a paper on some natural history phenomena, bearing on geology, observed since the last meeting, and stated the results of the dredging in the European seas. His Royal Highness having remained in this section a full half hour proceeded to section D (Zoology and Botany), which was held in the same building. As soon, however, as the Prince had been introduced to the Pre sident, Sir J. Richardson, M.D. Sir R. Murchi son state d that his brother geologists had unfortunately been so extremely long-winded, that they had taken all the time which could be devoted by his Royal Highness to the visit. The Prince accordingly took leave at once, and drove to the pier at half-past one o'clock. The Fairy was lying a short distance off ; and her Majesty was sitting on the deck in conversation with her ladies. His Royal Highness ran gaily up the side of the vessel from is barge, and presented the Queen with a splendid bouquet of rare flowers, which he had brought with him. He also introduced to her Majesty Sir R. Murchison and Lord Palmerston, who accompanied him on board, and who conversed for some minutes with the Queen. Her Majesty appeared in excellent health. In about ten minutes Lord Palmerston and the President returned to the pier, and the Fairy started for Osborne House under a salute from the platform, and amidst the cheers of the spectators. The water was covered with boats , one attracted some attention f rom i ts only occupant being a lady, who was rowing herself. The Prince was loudly cheered in the streets through out his progress. In the several sections there was an evident wish to avoid noisy and exciting demonstra tions ; the company received him most respectfully, but in only one instance was there any cheering in the dis cussion room. About a dozen was the limit of the addi • tion to any audience, in consequence of his having ar rived at that particular room. Out of doors the crowd was considerable, but the admirable arrangements made by the Mayor for the accommodation of the press rendered it impossible for the reporters to be inconvenienced. At three o'clock the general committee met in the Town-hall ;at this meeting Sir R. MURCHISON took the chair, and congratulated the association on the circumstance of the attendance of Prince Albert at the sections, showing as he had by the questions which he put to the presidents and others, the liveliest interest in all th e i r proceedings, and . ;ery considerable knowledge of all t h e branches a of science cultivated by the association.—(Cheers.) But on this d a y sot only had the sun shone upon the association, but the Queen of England also, Victoria, had shone upon them—(Cheers)—the Queen herself, d es i r i ng to express her great interest in the society, had arrived in the port an hour and a half since, and conveyed his Royal Highness back again to the Isle of Wight ; their one honorary member had gon e b ac k with her Majesty, and her Majesty had been pleased to THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 15, 1846 extent of the demands of the Irish people in reference to political franchises, and to national institutions ; but I greatly fear that your Government are not yet fully alive to the dangers connected with the imminent ap proach of impending famine. However reluctant, there fore, I may be, under present circumstances, to obtrude my opinions either upon your Lordship or upon the public, I yet feel that the duty which I owe to those whom I represent requires me to do all in my power to awaken attention to the appalling nature of the difficul ties by which we aro at present surrounded, and to the necessity of making immediate and effectual provision for the future sustenance of the population of Ireland.— I have the honour to be, my Lord, your obedient servant, WILLIAM S. O'BRIEN. Cahirmoyle, Sept. 9, 1846. Brooke, Mr. C.—On a new self-registering baro meter, thermometer, and psychomotor. SECTION B.—CHEMICAL SCIENCE, INCLUDING ITS AP PLICATION TO AGRICULTURE AND THE ARTS. Leeson, Dr.—On crystallography and a new gonio meter illustrated by apparatus and models. Forchhammer, Professor.—On comparative analytical researches on sea water. Oersted, 11. C., Professor.—On the changes which mercury sometimes suffers in glass vessels hermetically sealed. Rose, 11., Professor.—On a second new metal (pe lopium) in the Tantalite of Bavaria. Connell, Professor.—Analysis of the American ne malite. Percy, Dr., and Miller, Professor.—Report on chrys talline slags. Mallett, Mr. Robert.—Report on the corrosion of iron rails in and out of use. Daubeny, Dr.—On Cavendish's experiment respecting the production of nitric acid. Gassiot, Mr. J. P., F.R.S.—On the electricity of ten sion in the voltaic battery. SECTION C.—GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Buckland, Very Rev. Dr.—On the applicability of M. Fauvelle's mode of boring Artesian wells to the well at Southampton, and to other wells, and sinkings for coals, salt, and other mineral beds. Forbes, Professor E.—On some natural history pheno mena, bearing on geology, observed since;the last meeting. Forchhammerpr.—On arctic currents, as exhibited in the distribution of the northern drift. Jukes, J. 8., F.G.S.—Notice of some tertiary rocks in the islands stretching from Java to Timor. Ditto—Sketch of the geological structure of Australia. SECTION D.—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. Owen, Protessor.—.on the vertebral structure of the skull. Thompson, Mr. W.—Zoology of Lough Neagh (the entomological part by Mr. Halliday). Pnrtlnolt (Inptnin.—On the natural history of Corfu. Allman, Professor.—On the structure of cristatella mucedo. Price, Mr. J.—On the embryogeny of palmogrades and ciliogrades. Thompson, Mr. W.—On additions to the fauna of Ire land, including species new to that of Britain. Rankin, Mr.—On the hybernation of snails. Peach, Mr.—On the marine zoology of Cornwall. Carpenter, Dr.—Report on the microscopic structure of shells. Carpenter, Dr.—On the application of photography to the microscope. Knox, Dr.—Will conclude his inquiries into the na tural history of certain species of the Clupeadx, Corre goni and Salmonidca3. SECTION E.—SUBSECTION OF ETHNOLOGY. Jukes, Mr. J. B.— On the Aborigines of Newfound land. Latham, Dr. R. G.—Remarks on a Newfoundland vocabulary. Jukes, Mr. J. B.—Varieties of the human race in the neighbourhood of Torres Straits. Port Essington.—On the inhabitants of Port Es sington. Davies, Mr. H. B.—On the Tasmanians. Von Middendorf, Professor.—Ethnological notes on Siberia. Brien, Captain.—On the Africans of the neighbour- hood of Bonny. Freeman, Rey, J.—On the inhabitants of Prince's Island. Retzius, Professor.—On the ethnological distribution of round and elongated crania. Latham, Dr. R. G.—Report on ethnological philology. SECTION F.—STATISTICS. Guy, Dr.—On duration of life among professional men. Neeld, Mr.—Remarks on the criminal and miscel laneous returns of the Manchester police in 1845. Knowles, Mr.—On the annual consumption of coal in England. Porter, Mr.—Report on the iron manufacture of Great Britain. .SECTION G.-MECHANICS. Sharp, Mr.—On improvements in gas meters. Fairbairn, Mr.—The results as obtained from the experiments in connexion with the proposed tubular bridges across the Conway and Menai Straits. Phipps, Dr.—An account of the construction and performance of two sailing vessels, built on the wave system. Bodmer, Mr. J. G.—Description o f an apparatus for storing and preserving corn in large national granaries. Russell, Mr. Scott.—Account of some recent experi ments on railway trains, for the determination of the resistance at high velocities. Ricardo, Mr. M.—A description and models of self registering mechanism for recording the velocity and resistance of railway trains. _ Dr. Guy's paper showed that the result of inquiry, and of the tables produced by him, proved a fact which may be somewhat startling to those who fondly believe that health comes along with ease ; the average of life is greatest in those who are the most accustomed to la bour. Labour, therefore, has its advantages to counter balance its privations. __ A short discussion followed the reading of the paper, the speakers cenfirming the doctrines therein laid down. The sections wore all better attended to-day than ow any previous day. REACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE.-011 Thurs.. day last, an inquiry of damages, i n an act i on f or b reach of promise of marriage, was held in the County Court, before Mr. Brandt, assessor. The action was brought by Miss Harriet Cook, daughter of a gentleman residing at Chorlton-upon-Medlock ; and the defendant was a Mr. Samuel Turner, who, a short time since, carried on i business as a silk dyer at Collyhurst, but s now super intending an establishment in Manchester. The fair plaintiff is, we understand, about 30 years of age, and the defendant is somewhere about 40. For twrS ive months an intimacy existed between the parties, Whi c h eventually ripened into mutual love. But in this ea se , as in many others, the course of true love did not run smooth, for, although the defendant had r.omised the plaintiff marriage —nay, had actually publ . .dlisd the banns in the Old C'turch, and invited thew'Ading guests, he suddenly broke off th e connexion, w - ithout assigning any cause whatever for his singular ce,nduct. This took place in January last, and o n th e or sth of February he married a nether lady. - Verdict for the plaintiff, damages 150/. Mr. PoV i e c k , barrister, appeared for the plaintiff, and M r . Green, barri s t er , for defendant.—Man chester Courier. From the extraordinary heat of the season the trees on the boulevards, the leaves of which had begun to wither, are now pushing forth fresh ones. Some chesnut trees in the Place Royale afforded the singular spectacle of ripe fruit, yellow leaves, large b!ossoms, and fresh green leaves, all at the same time.—Ga/ignani. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.—OXFORD, SEPT. 12. —The following members of this University have been preferred :—The Rev. John Eddowes Gladstone, 8.A., of Magdalen Hall, to the incumbency of St. Mark's Church, Lakenham. near Warwick. The Rev. G. Had field, M.A., late fellow of Pembroke College, has bee, appointed Principe' of the Malta Protestant Collegr . , , i n the room of M. Gobat, now Bishop of Jerusalem. The Rev. James Elwin Millard, B.A. damy of . m, g ,. dalen College, has be en appo i nted head mas`cer of the school, in the room of the Rev. W. G. Herearrson M.A., resigned. The Rev. George Drinkwater Bourne, of Oriel Coll. g nd e, h ßristol to the rectoras been instited by Cri e .r of 5u- Hugh Bishop. of Gloucest a -1 • badge, Gloucestershire, vacant by th e , ot Hugh Smith. P a t ron , Mrs. Mar cession of the R ev . 41 8116 ; PoPtileti9o l 367 4aret ourne, value express her particular wish to have an account of the progress the association had made, and expressed her deep 'interest in its advance. —(Cheers.) They would also hear immediately of a practical proof of member ship on the part of royalty, and it would be found in that most important department, the banker's book. Mr. TAYLOR then stated that Colonel Anson had in formed him that it was Royal Highness's wish to pre sent to the association the sum of 1001., and that he wished to do so without in any way directing to what purpose it should be applied, leaving it in the hands of the association entirely, as he wished to convey his en tire approbation of their proceedings.—(Cheers.) The object:of the present meeting being to arrange for the next year's " Parliament," the invitations were then called for. From Oxford, the Ashmolean Society sent the asso ciation an invitation, and Professor Walker stated that he had ascertained that the Vice-Chancellor and the University authorities would render every accommoda tion in their power, though it would not be quite suitable perhaps that they should send a special in vitation. For Swansea, Mr. GROVE said, "he appeared," and holding in his hand apparently a barrister's brief, he urged the claims of that town at least for 1848. Belfast also put in a claim for 1848 by Dr. Robinson of Armagh. It was then agreed, on the motion of the Marquis of NORTHAMPTON, seconded by Sir J. HERSCHEL, that the next meeting be held at Oxford ; and the time for it to commence was fixed to be Thursday, Jane 24, 1847. The Dean of WESTMINSTER moved that Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M.P., D.C.L., and F.R.S., be the President elect. Sir R. Inglis, besides the honours just enume rated, was also a member of the Royal Society Club (as e understood), and had that truly Anglican propensity of meeting at a club to digest the good things of this life before proceeding in the evening to study the arcana of philosophy.—(A laugh.) It was needful that the presi dent of this association should be one who had no reluc , tance to take the chair at a public dinner. If they had no social meetings their philosophical meetings would be sadly dry and meagre.—(Laughter and cheers.) Sir C. LEMON seconded the motion, and stated other claims of Sir R. Inglis to the presidential chair. The motion being agreed to, the following were named Vice-Presidents elect:—the Earl of Rosso, the Bishop of Oxford, the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, Mr. Estconrt, M.P., the Dean of Westminster, Professor Daubeny, and Professor Baden Powell. The Rev. It. Walker and Mr. H. W. Aciand Were appointod local se cretaries, and the Rev. E. Ihll local treasurer; and at half-past 4 o'clock the meeting broke up. We subjoin a list of the business on the paper for the day: SECTION A.—MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. Phillips, Professor.—R-port on aaemometry. Sykes, Colonel.—On the fall of rain on the coast of Travancore. Miller, J. F.—On the fall of rain in the Cumberland Lake district. Lee, Dr.—On meteorological observations made at Alten, in Finmark, and Christiana, in Norway. Childers, Mr. W. W.—On the meteorology of Jersey. Dollond, Mr. G.—On an atmospheric record. Edmonds, Mr. R.—On the:thunder-storms of July . 1 5th, and August Ist, 1846. Lee, Dr.—On the aurora, at Alten, in Finmark. Rankin, Mr. Thomas.—Account of a halo, parase lene. and remarkable Aurora Borealis. Wartmann, Professor.—On some meteorological phe nomena. LETTER FROM SMITH O'BRIEN, M.P., TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD JOHN RUSSELL. My Lord,—Before three months shall have elapsed, several millions of the population of this kingdom will, by the failure of the potato crop, be left destitute of the supply of provisions which, under ordinary circum stances, would have sustained them until the autumn of next year. In many districts the people are now living upon dis eased potatoes, unfit for human food, and within a few weeks will be deprived of even this wretched sustenance. How is famine to be averted ? How is order to be preserved ? Has the Legislature enacted laws suited for the emergency ? Have the Government made arrange ments adequate to the crisis ? These are questions which absord the attention of the most indifferent—which appal the hearts of the most courageous. Never more than at the present moment has Ireland had reason to deplore the loss of its legislature—an Irish Parliament convened in Dublin, under the advice of an Irish Ministry, would deliberate with an earnest ness of purpose, and act with a vigour which we cannot reasonably expect to find in any other than a native Legislature. Let us not, however, be unjust. Although the late Government were somewhat tardy in their preliminary arrangements, and thereby gave occasion to a less profit able expenditure than would have resulted from more timely precautions, yet Ireland gratefully acknowledges that neither Sir Robert Peel nor the British Parliament can be just!) , charged with insensibility to the scarcity of last year, or with want of liberality in providing the means of alleviating it. You, my Lord, have to encounter a calamity of far more awful magnitude. The failure of the potato crop, which last year was partial, is now universal. The scarcity which last season commenced in the month of May, will, during the present year, overtake us in Oc tober. I should not trouble your Lordship with this present appeal, if I could persuade myself that your Government have provided resources sufficient to guarantee us against suffering of the mo s t aggrava t e d ki n d, accompanied by a general convulsion of society. Parliament being dispersed, we have nothing to ex pect from legislation beyond the enactments which were placed upon the statute-book at the close of last session. An Act has passed authorising the Government to apply 50,0001., by way of grant, in aid of public works. This appears to be the only direct contribution on the part of the State, authorised by Parliament to be applied as a subsidy in mitigation of the calamity which has be fallen us. English statesmen frequently speak of pay ments from the Imperial Exchequer, as if England alone contributed to the public revenue ; and we are told that it is unreasonable that the people of England should be taxed for the relief of Irish distress. Nothing is more abhorrent to our feelings than the sentiment of depend ence upon England. Give to us the management of our own revenue, the care of our own resources, the protec tion of our own people, and we shall gladly relieve the Parliament of England from the duty of providing for our necessities ; but until such restitution shall be made, we are under no obligation to forego our claims upon the revenue which is drawn from the Irish nation. The means of subsistence and employment destroyed by the failure of the potato crop cannot be valued at less than 10,000,0001. sterli ng . W e ma y f a i r ly question whether, under similar circumstances, an Irish Parliament, though unassisted by the Exchequer of England, would deem a sum of 50,000/. an adequate contribution on the part of the State towards the employment of the poor in useful and reproductive works. If we understand rightly the meaning of the Treasury minute dated the 31st of August, 1846, we have reason to complain that the present Government have com menced their ope ra ti ons b y a gross b reach of faith. In dividuals and public bodies were induced by the late ad ministration to commence public works, upon an agree ment that a moiety of the expense of such works should be contributed by the state. By this Treasury minute we learn that, in violation of these agreements, the Go vernment now propose to withhold such portions of the moiety granted on the part of the state as remains unex pended, and to compel the contracting parties either to leave their works unfinished, or to complete them at their own sole expense. To such a proceeding I can remember no parallel in the financial operations of modern times. The only effective measure upon which we can place reliance for the relief of the famishing poor is 9 and 10 Vic , c. 107, "An Act to facilitate the employment of the labouring poor, for a limited period, in the distressed districts of Ireland." Under this Act the presentment sessions of each barony ( a body which very imperfectly represents the rate-payers, as it is not elected by them) is empowered, with the sanction of the Government, to present an unlimited amount of money fur the execution of public works. The amount so presented is to be levied by a tax similar to the poor rate, payable partly by tenants and partly by landlords. Now, these are precisely the two classes of society which will suffer most severely from the failure of the potato crop. As for the holders of small farms, their condition will be such, that, instead of being subjected to taxa tion they ought rather to be considered as objects of re lief. Many who will be liable to this assessment would be happy to obtain emplyment as labourers on the public works. The occupiers of large farms will suffer less severely; but it is to be remembered they will have lost nearly the whole of that article of subsistence upon which not only their families and servants were chiefly dependent, but which also afforded food to their horses, earth.. pigs. and fowls. This class, thseethee, has never been less able to bear taxation than during the present year. With reference to the landlords of Ireland, it is to be observed that there are very few estates which are not subject to heavy incumbrances of every description, so that the owners seldom enjoy more than a portion of the rental which they ostensibly receive. The full amount of their rental is, however, the basis upon which the tax will be levied. During the present year few land lords will be able to realise the full amount of their rents. At the same time, those who reside in Ireland will be naturally expected to give as much employment as they can afford, and to contribute, by way of public subscrip tion and private charity, to the relief of distress. Whilst the resident landlord is subjected to all these deductions, and whilst he is called upon to pay heavy taxes for the employment of the poor, no contribution is demanded from the monied classes, who receive in many cases a larger portion of the rents of the landlord than that which falls to his own share. Mortgagees and persons deriving jointures and annuities from land will escape altogether from the taxation imposed for the relief of public distress. I am far from contending that the agricultural classes should be exempted from an equitable contribution to wards the relief of the poor, and I rejoice to perceive that the principle of distributing the burden of taxation between landlord and tenant has been adopted in the re cent Act ; but it is altogether inconsistent with equity to cast exclusively upon th a t c l ass o f th e commun i ty which must necessarily suffer the greatest amount of privation from the failure of the potato crop, nearly the whole responsibility of providing for the alleviation of this calamity. My object in addressing to your Lordship the fore going observations has been to impress you with a sense of the danger to which the peace, if not the existeuce, of society in this country is at present exposed; and to con vince you that the measures hitherto adopted are not only wholly inadequate to the crisis, but also, in many respects, unjust in their nature. Being disposed to be lieve that you will not be unwilling to take into consider ation the suggestions of one of the representatives of the Irish people, I venture shortly to recapitulate some of the measures which the present exigency appears to me to require. It is greatly to be desired that Parliament should re assemble early in October. If I say that it onght to be convened in Dublin, the proposal will probably excite your Lordship's ridicule ; but such is my opinion. The power of her Majesty to summon her Parliament to meet in Dublin is unquestionable. The autumnal session of this year, whether to be held in Dublin or in London, ought to be dedicated chiefly to the consideration of Irish questions, both social and political. Ir res p ect i ve l y of the urgency of the present r distress, the several members of your government have frequently proclaimed that a long career of useful legis lation is due to the Irish nation, and we have ostenta tiously paraded their disposition to effect such legislation whenever they should be invested with power. We have r now an opportunity of ascertaining the sincerity of these declarations, and believe me, my Lord, none will be more ready to accord to you their unbought homage for bene fits conferred upon Ireland than those who, whilst they seek no personal favours from your administration, are resolved never to relax their efforts to render their country independent of the caprice of an English Go vernment and of an English Parliament. I should be compelled to enlarge this letter beyond the limits which I have imposed upon myself, if I were to enter into a full discussion of all the remedial mea sures which ought to be submitted to Parliament when so convened. You will find in the numerous Parlia mentary reports relative to Ireland, and in the reports of the Repeal Association, matter sufficient to occupy the attention of Parliament during many months. I content myself with enumerating a few of these mea sures which appear to be most imperatively required under the present circumstances of this country. They 92e such as would not fail to obtain the most attentive consideration on the part of an Irish Parliament. Proposals for public expenditure upon works of a national character—such as naval dock -yards, safety harbours, a central prison, an asylum for criminal luna tics, agricultural schools, museums, &c., &c. Advances of public money by way of loan, in aid of the enterprises which offer a prospective return sufficient railwaysto indemnify i n p progress r s e t a a s t e towardsfor its outlay. completion, Ot t canals,his nature areta Water works,kenby mercantile com parile companies docks, p individuals.i r piers, n d other works und er - Ausseul nature.pfecialta tax upon absentees in aid of local objects of an A Bill to secure to tenants, when removed from their holdings, compensation for the labour and capital ex pended by them in substantial improvements. Measures more effective than those hitherto adopted for the drainage and reclamation of waste lands. The promotion and encouragement of the fisheries of Ireland. Enactments tending to facilitate the sale of portions of estates, with a view to discharge the remainder from in cur-ibrances. Measures tending to g i ve a dditi ona l secu rity of tenure *.o lessees of derivative estates, such as leases of lives renewable for ever, college leases, &c. Measures tending to facilitate the acquisition of small estates of inheritance, and of perpetual interests in land by persons possessing a moderato amount of disposable capital. I have omitted from the enumeration questions con nected with the political rights of the people of Ireland, as well as questions relating to the administration of our local affairs ; and, upon the present occasion, have only pointed attention to a few of those measures which would tend to promote the employment of our population, and the development of our national resources. Your Lordship cannot be ignorPt c the wit= or CONDITION OF THE DORSET SHIRE LABOURER. BEAMINSTER, THURSDAY. —This afternoon a nume rous and highly respectable meeting of the inhabitants of Dorsetshire, was held in the parochial school-room in this town, for the purpose "of taking into consideration the propriety of forming a society for bettering the con dition of the labouring classes by the field garden allot ment system. The Right Hon. Lord Stavordale took the chair ; and amongst a large attendance of clergymen on the plat form, were the Revs. Messrs. Crookson, Mayers, Morris, Worthy, Blennerhassett, Whitehead, Helyar, Lane, Ward, and C. Fox. Several ladies were also present. Lord STA VORDALE, on taking the chair, observed that a circular announcing the meeting had been sent to the gentry, the landowners, and the occupiers of land throughout the district. Before he called upon the gen tlemen who had consented to take a part in the proceed ings of the day, he would beg to state the motives that had induced him to I.)' present, and the limits within which he was prepared to support such a society as they contemplated establishing. lie was not one of those who believed that the field garden system was a perfect remedy for all the evils arid ills of the condition of the labourer of this country—that it would totally put an end to the distress to which they were some times liable ; but he did believe it would be an alle viation of that distress, and, therefore, he was prepared to do what he could to assist in this undertaking. It had been said that no prospect was so pleasant as that from a man's own window over his own land. That sentiment savoured of considerable selfishness, and he should be sorry to inculcate it into the labourer, but in a limited sense he was inclined to receive it. He was in clined to believe that no pleasure was tweeter than that which a labourer naturally takes in the plot of land, rented by himself and cropped by his own exertions and those of his family.—(Cheers.) With regard to the practical euestion—what chance they had of establishing such a society in this district, he would observe, that in that town the allotment system had already been estab lished, and he had been informed by the founder of it, that there was an extensive competition for the land. He had no doubt other towns were similarly circumstanced, and, therefore, he thought there was a good opening for their exertions. He was quite aware that the establish. ment of a society was a matter of some difficulty and delicacy, but he thought, with proper management and forbearance, they might bring over those who at present were doubtful of the success of their scheme. If the tenants would look with favour on the scheme, and en deavour to unite to form a society, he did think that they would find it of benefit to all classes.—(Cheers.) Captain STEEL, the secretary, then, at the request of the Chairman, read letters which he had received in reply to circulars sent to Lord Ashley, the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, the High Sheriff of the county, Mr. N. B. Cochrane, M.P. for Bridport, Sir Dudley Hill, Captain Scobell, the Rev. John Mules, Rev. J. P. Johnson, Rev. Mr. Haskell, and Dr. B. Wills, M.D., of Brixton. The most important parts of these communications we subjoin:— (Front Lord Ashley.) " Hyde, August 28. " Sir,—lt would give me much pleasure to assist the projected association for the benefit of the labouring classes in Dorset, by every means in my power. I shall be happy, if I can thus render any service, to become one of the patrons.—Your very obedient servant, ASHLEY." (From the Lord Bishop of the diocese.) " S aranal.Te, August 29. " Sir,—l am very sorry that it wi ll not be in my power to be present at the meeting; but if the associa tion be formed for the purpose of promoting the object referred to in your letter, I shall be happy to become a member of it, in such capacity as the Committee may desire. I have been able to do something in the fur therance of the field garden system in the parish of Chardstock, where I have set apart twelve acres of land, under the management of the clergyman of the parish, to be occupied in this manner. It appears to be the surest mode in which a certain amount of good can be done to the poor of our agricultural parishes. " I am, Sir, your very faithful servant, "E. SARUM." The High Sheriff; in his letter, stated that he " had long had allotments on his estate, and under his rules they had been found to answer well, Our limitation has been quarter acres, except where the families have been large, when half an acre has not been found too much." Mr. Cochrane stated that. " in my parishes, in Scot land, I have always found the system adopted with the happiest results." Captain Scobell (who has had extensive experience of the system) supplied the following suggestions, which he recommended as ru l es f or t h e contemplated society:— "1. That there must be no favourites among the tenants ; neither exclusion in the onset from previous misdeeds. This is not only a preserving, but a reclaim ing system. " 2. The tenants should be (except in cases of sick ness or accident) selt-maintaining labourers and jour neymen mechanics—no higher grades, or permanent paupers. "3. The land should be of good average quality. They can uphold it. Its situation should be convenient. "-t. The sias of the respective field-gardens ought to be from 20 to 40 poles, enough to grow for home con sumption, but not enough to make them salesmen. " 5. Above all, the rent should not be more nor less than the proportionate charge to the farmer for similar land. If it is more, the motive will be suspected ;if less, it will look like charity, and seem to want permanency. " 6. Let the rules for occupation be few and simple ; easy to be understood, and not likely to be questionable in performance. A tenant should never be displaced but for a proved breach of one of these rules. "7. A portion should be planted (and from the potato failure a large portion) with vegetables, not potatoes." Colonel BRAGGE then rose to move the first resolution. Having briefly expressed the pleasure he felt at seeing the excellent young nobleman in the chair, supporting the measures of another Noble Lord (he meant Lord Ashley) he moved— " That practical experience, both in the neighbouring county and elsewhere, has shown that field-garden allot ments have been the means of administering to the com forts of the labourer and of reclaiming him from idle and dissolute habits." The Rev. J. F. WITITTY, in seconding this, contended that the system realised both the objects stated. That an increase of comfort was needed by the labourer no one there he should think would doubt or question. It is well known that there was in many parishes great destitution, and in seasons of great trial the afflictions of the poor would be enough to make those surrounded with the comforts of life shudder at the extent of them. The Rev. Gentleman bore testimony to the good effects of the system in the county of Suffolk, where he had seen it carried out by Sir Edward Kerrison, and where many poachers had been reclaimed by its influence. Mr. BANDINEL proposed the second resolution. He said he thought it was their duty and their interest to do all they could fur those whom God had been pleased to place beneath them, but upon whom he looked with an equal eye—(Cheers)—but that that object was carried out better by the landlord and the farmer than by any one else they had ample experience. The Rev. Mr. WARD, of Compton Vallance, seconded the resolution in a long and able speech. He said he was not s. very proper person to address them on the subject of allotments, because about two years ago he gave a por tion of his glebe land as allotments, and this year it had been returned on his hands ; but this he must add, that his parishioners were blessed with a landlord who was a father to them, and a tenant who was a very good mas ter. Were that the case throughout the country, there would be no need of such asso c i a ti ons as thi s . I n a . . neighbouring parish, however, he had been struck with the difference in appearance produced by the introduction of the system, and, as a further proof', he might mention that in the neighbourhood of Naples— the plain of Sorrento—he found 35,000 people living in comfort and comparative affluence upon a piece of land four miles long by two broad, There were no poor ' laws, and there were no beggars, which in Italy was a remarkable thing. Every one had a fair day's wages for a fair day's work. The country was principally cul tivated by the spade, and the product was so enormous that every creature found a comfortable suhsistence. How happened it that within these British dominions, the richest in the world, there were large numbers of the population more miserable than any population in the world ? How came it that the peasantry of Eng land were the worst educated of any in Europe ? He did not speak of that county in particular ; yet still there was distress enough in some parishes to warrant them in calling for the formation of a Dorset Labourers' Society. Such society was not needed on estates where they had paternal landlords ; but it was needed where the land was in the hands of persons of small property, as he knew a large portion of the west of Dorset was. But, atter all, it was to the landlords of England that they must look in that emergency.—(Cheers.) If—ho might say it fearlessly in that county—if the landlords of England would but do their duty, every one else would do theirs.—(Cheers.) He believed that an enor mous responsibility in the sight of God rested upon them. Let them not look to what was wanted in the large ma nufacturing towns—let them look at home. The land lords had no right to expect those under them to take their places in tending to the wants and comforts of those who were their especial care—the poor.—(Cheers.) But when he affirmed it to be the duty of the landlord to have the tenantry on his estate under his peculiar care, not only those in his own pet cottages, but those in the most remote corner of his estate—when he said that he would not debar the tenant from his privilege, for surely it must be to him a great happiness to ride over his farm and find his labourers glad to see him, in stead of sayin g , " H ere comes master," and hiding themselves.—(Loud cheers.) But when he thought of their own responsibilities and duties he confessed he felt at a loss for words to express his feelings. It had been asked how could the clergy interfere ? His answer was, from first to last the clergy had the education of England's best hope—the young heirs of her fair broad lands—and a word spoken by them had had immense effect. He did believe that if the clergy would do their duty, England would be in a very different state. If landlord, tenant, and clergy would d 9 their duty, then would they indeed see increased domestic comfort in their peasantry—then indeed would industrious habits be encouraged, and our Queen would reign (to use the words of King George the Good) in the hearts of a loyal and religious people.—(Loud cheers.) Mr. GILBERT proposed the third resolution, which the Rev. Mr. LANE supported. The fourth resolution, forming the society, was pro posed by Mr. J. Gundry, a large manufacturer of Brid port, and seconded by Mr. Gilbert. It was determined that the Lords Ilchester, Portarlington, Bridport, Ash ley, Rivers, and the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, should be patrons ; the Lord Stavordale, president • and the ' Hon. and Rev. So merv ill e H ay , t h e ' lion. and Rev. W. Scott, the High Sheriff of the county, the Members for the county, the Members for Bridport and Lyme, Sir J. B. Smith, Mr. H. C. Compton, M.P., and Mr. B. B. Sheridan, M.P., vice-presidents. Mr. SPARKS (and the Rev. W. B. Whitehead, vicar of Chard) then, at the request of the Chairman, detailed the progress of the society with which they were con nected—the. Crewkerne, Chard, and Ilminster Field- Garden Allotment and Labourers' Friend Society, which had been in existence fourteen years, and now comprised thirty parishes, and more than 800 allotments. The Rev. Gentleman expatiated on its good effects at consi derable length, and commended it for saving the la bourers from the demoralising, detested, and degrading influences of the union workhouse. It also, by amelio rating their moral condition, elevated them morally and religiously, for the Bible was a plant which would never flourish well amidst scenes of destitution and pauperism. He advocated, with it, clothing clubs, loan funds, savings' banks, and parochial schools. He was not foolish enough to suppose that they could ever attain an Arcadia. Vain were the search for scenes like these : No view appears, " By sighs unruffled, or unstained by tears." But let them remember that though the poor were " not to cease out of the land," it was in their power to remove the sting from poverty.—(Loud cheering.) The Rev. Gentleman, in conclusion, congratulated the county o❑ having, by such a meeting, given so noble a refutation to their heartless traducers. Captain STEEL said, he would not call in question whit had been said, nor would be justify what had been written of the county ; but he wished to remark that this meeting had not been called f or th e ith er by th e re port of the Committee of the Commons on field-garden allotments, or by the animadversions of the press. The committee, at their first meeting, were deeply impressed with the necessity for such a society. He could also as sure them that the gentleman who appeared there as an emissary of the parent society, had as little to do with any of those animadversions as he had. The resolutions having all been carried nem. con., Mr. J. POPE, tenant farmer, proposed a vote of thanks to the Noble President ; and, in reference to an obser vation respecting Mr. Sheridan, observed—Let the Hon. Gentleman exercise the same discretion in carrying out his benevolent intentions as the Nuble Lord, and he shall have as hearty a welcome. Lord STAVORDALE returned thanks, and observed that he firmly believed that Mr. Sheridan's moti,'es had been misconstrued. The meeting then separated. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE. HUMANITY IN THE LAW OF DEBTOR AND CREDITOR.— A case having come before the Lcrd Mayor in which an unfortunate debtor was stated to have been incapacitated from attending to answer fur having omitted to pay cer tain rates, The LORD Mayon himself represented to the appli cant the obligation upon him to do all with charity, and stated that Mr. Burden, the governor of Whitecross street Prison, had, on Saturday, on presenting his entry book to the gaol committee, pointed out a passage of which the following is a copy:— " Richard was committed to the Debtors' Prison, Whitecross-street, on the 9th instant, by the Court of Bankruptcy, under the Small Debts' Act, for forty days, for a debt of 51. 16s. 11d. The prisoner, aged sixty, was brought in a cab, and appeared to be labouring under imbecility of mind and in a low sinking state of bodily health, requiring him to be immediately put to bed in the infirmary. On the following day the Governor made an affidavit of the facts, accompanied with the surgeon's certificate, and applied to Mr. Com missioner Pane for the prisoner's discharge, under the 62d clause of the 7th and Bth Victoria, cap. 96, which application (although the first of the kind) was granted, and the prisoner was restored to his home on the same day, having his immediate necessities relieved from the Sheriffs' fund." His Lordship observed, that nothing could be a more persuasive indication of the advancing improvement of the times than such an evidence of the lenient character of the laws respecting debtor and credi tor. Formerly poor wretches, who, like multitudes of paupers of the present day, were criminal only by their poverty, were dragged from their beds of sickness and of straw, to gratify the vir.dictive spirit of creditors. By the untiring labours, however, of bene volent men in the Legislature and in the press, the frightful inhumanity exercised against poor debtors and poor paupers was undergoing a certain, although a slow change. He trusted, and he believed, that neither the Parliament nor the press would be silent so long as the evils which were so powerfully condemned by the friends of the poor existed in a shape at all formidable. In speaking of those who were unable to pay their debts, he of course excluded the persons who had dishonestly con tracted debts. To quite a different tribunal he would submit the case of all such individuals. The following is the clause upon which Mr. Burden applied for the discharge of his prisoner : " 62d. And be it enacted, that if it shall at any time appear to the satisfaction of the judge of any such court, by the oath or affirmation of any person, or otherwise, that any defendant is unable, from sickness or unavoid able accident, to pay and discharge the debt or damages recovered against him, or any instalment thereof ordered to be paid as aforesaid, it shall be lawful for the judge in his discretion to suspend or stay any judgment, order, or execution given, made, or issued in such action, for such time as the judge shall think fit, and so from time to time, until it shall appear by the like proof as aforesaid that such temporary cause of disability has ceased." His Lordship finally observed, that it was satisfactory to him to be able to state that the sheriffs' fund, which was applicable to all cases of the kind, had lately ren dered essential services in the great mass of cases in which prisoners who had been confined were discharged without being possessed of property to the amount of one farthing. He thought that the expression of his feelings and opinions in a place to which such numbers of cases of misfortune and suffering were brought would attract the attention of the beneficent to the general condition of the poor, and make more manifest the ne cessity of a more extended and active sympathy. A young man, named John Edwin, who looked like a simple country lad, was charged with having stolen several silk handkerchiefs in the course of his rambles on Saturday. The prisoner turned out to be a perfect " filch " and a philosopher. Haydon, City policeman, No. 274, stated that on Saturday evening, as he was coming ashore from a steam-boat at Swan-pier, he saw the prisoner close behind a gentleman, and observed, from certain move ments, that " something was about to be done." The prisoner walked deliberately out of the vessel, and the officer went round, met him in Swan-lane, and took him into custody, having given notice to the gentleman to follow. Upon the person of the prisoner were found five silk handkerchiefs, one of which was at once identi fied. One he tied neatly round the calf of each leg ; another was adding in like manner to the size of each arm, while the fifth was elsewhere inge niously disposed about him. He had made each of the handkerchiefs change its master on board the steamer in the short voyage from Hungerford-market to London bridge. As the prisoner was going to the station-house, with a crowd behind, he said, " well, it is a bad job, and no mistake ; but it was to be, and how could such as me stop it ? I'm nailed, but I can't help it." The LORD MAYOR—WeII, prisoner, you had a good day's work I perceive. The prisoner—l have been dreadful hard up, your Lordship, I do assure you ; why, I have been obliged to beg. I tried on everything before I tried on this, but i would not do. The LORD MAYOR—People do not go into steamers ,o bag. The The prisoner—They'll go anywhere to beg, please you my Lord. The LORD MAYOR—You are an expert hand, and I shall send youfor trial. ... il _ _ _ The prisoner—Don't send me for trial—there will be no merit in conwicting me. It's too plain a case.— (Laughter.) Consider my poverty this once, please you my Lord, and give me a summary. - The LORD MAYOR—No, you will not do for London. The prisoner —Well, my Lord, if you can't be per suaded to do a kind thing, why then I must do as you wish.—(A laugh.) Committed for trial. TVOI?S/7113-STREET. George Creed, alias Green, a tall, muscular young fellow, was placed at the bar before Mr. Broughton, charged with being a desorter from the 3d Light Dra goons, and also with being concerned, with others, in assaulting and seriously injuring two police-constables who had effected his capture. The prisoner, who was sworn to by the police as a convicted offender, although only nineteen years of age, a•as taken into custody in July last by Sergeant Con way, of the police, for deserting from the above regi ment, and consigned over by the magistrate to the mili tary authorities. On the road to the depot of his regi ment, however, although under the guard of a file of riflemen, he contrived to elude their vigilance, and re turned to his old haunts in the neighbourhood of White- chapel, where he remained secreted until the preceding evening, when he was at length traced by police-con stable Hope, of the H division, to a low lodging-house in Wentworth-street, to which the officer proceeded with another policeman, and took him into custody. The prisoner went quietly enough for a short distance, but suddenly turned round, expressed his determination to go no further, struck Hope a violent blow upon the head, which partially stunned him, and appealed to a large mob of thieves and blackguards who had collected and followed him upon his apprehension, to assist in his rescue. The mob immediately assailed the officers, whose truncheons they wrenched from them, and hurled a shower of brickbats and other missiles at them, until they were knocked down and rendered powerless, when the prisoner again effected his escape. As soon as they had recovered their feet, and extricated themselves from their assailants, the constables made their way to the station-house for assistance, and Sergeant Price, accom panied by Davis, another constable, went in pursuit of the prisoner, whom they discovered at another lodging house in the same locality, armed with a heavy kitchen poker, prepared for a furious resistance, and declaring that he would murder the first man who approached him. The officers' attack, however, was so sudden, that lan hml no time for reflection, and he was rushed upon,_ disarmed, and secured before he could carry his threat into execution. The constable Hope exhibited marks of very severe treatment, and produced his hat, which was beaten into holes by the brickbats hurled at his head. Ia answer to the charge the prisoner admitted being a deserter, but said that although he had certainly been a thief, he had suffered the legal punishment for his of fence, and considered it hard that his former character should be brought out to excite prejudice against him. Mr. Baocarrrort said, that if the prisoner had really abandoned his former vicious courses it would have been obviously-improper to allude to them; but the direct contrary appeared to be the fact, and as the constable had evidently suffered serious ill-usage, he should ad journ the case for a week, and in the meantime consider whether justice would best be answered by adjudicating upon it with his own powers, or handing it over to the military authorities for the ordeal of a court martial, before whom the policeman's evidence could be adduced in aggravation. THAMES. Mr. Peter Mellish, the vestry-clerk and clerk to the trustees of the parish of St. Paul, Shadwell, waited upon Mr. Broderip, to ask his advice respecting a very great nuisance which existed in New Gravel-lane, adjoining the eastern basin or entrance of the London Dock, where a man named Lewis Cowan carried on the business of a tallow-melter and bone boiler, to whom large consign ments of the carcases of oxen in a putrid state had been made, to the annoyance and disgust of a crowded neigh bourhood. Mr. Mellish said he was deputed by the parish authorities to call the attention of the magistrate to the evil, and he was quite sure if it were continued, fever and disease would be engendered. The health of the inhabitants had already suffered by the frequent ar rivals of dead beasts in a decomposed state, which were brought from Blackwall, and boiled down for the fat—a process that ought not to be carried on in such a densely populated neighbourhood as Shadwell. It was known that large quantities of cattle died on their way from Ireland, Scotland, and the continent, arising, principally from their being stowed so closely in the holds of the steamers which brought them over ; and they were sold to the tallow-melters and bone-boilers. The stench arising from the decomposed remains of large animals brought into Shadwell was quite overpowering. No thing more horrible could possibly be conceived, and the inhabitants had made repeated complaints to the parish officers. The police-constables themselves had informed him that they could scarcely remain on their beats in the locality when the carcases were brought to Cowan's factory, and during the process of melting; and they were obliged to apply handkerchiefs steeped in vinegar to their noses. On Sunday morning the carcases of six or seven oxen, :aiffocated on board the screw steamer Lord John Russell, on her voyage from Holland, were brought from Blackwall to Cowan's factory. They were quite putrid, and some of the carcases had burst in the vans which brought them to Shadwell. The effluvium was dreadful. Nothing more nauseous and horrible could be conceived, and the carcases were melted down, the Commissioners of Customs having very properly stationed an officer on duty on the premises to see that the beasts were cut up and boiled, and used for no other purpose. The inhabitants, who were driven from their homes by the stench, came in a body to the beadle, Deverell, and complained of the nuisance. The exhi bition of the dead animals in the vans was most dis gusting. Mr. BRODERIP said he could give no advice on the subject, as he might be the judge called upon to give a decision against the party complained of; but he should say that the proper course to pursue would be for the parochial authorities to indict the parties who carried on the alleged nuisance at the sessions. If any case was legally brought before him, he should know how to deal with it. He knew that many oxen were over-driven, and brought here in a state of fever, and that they were landed from steamers in a high state of fever, and slaughtered in crowded parts of the capital. There was a most intolerable nuisance in Whitechapel, where a great number of beasts were daily killed in the numerous close sheds behind the butcher's shambles in the High street, which was covered at all times with blood and garbage. No one could pass along Whitechapel High street without being disgusted, and such a nuisance ought not to be suffered in such a crowded district. The animal effluvia produced miasma. This country was certainly behind France in the march of practical im provements; all beasts were slaughtered out of Paris, and cattle and sheep were not allowed to be driven through the streets of that capital. Mr. Mellish said he understood the abattoirs of Paris very well, and that such nuisances as Smithfield, White chapel, and the tallow-melters and bone-boilers in New Gravel-lane, would not be permitted to exist in the French capital. He was afraid the healthy of the inha bitants would be endangered by the nuisance on Cowan's premises. Mr. BRODERIP said such places ought to be placed under proper regulations, and not permitted to exist in densely populated districts. He had no doubt the parish officers would adopt immediate steps to abate the alleged nuisance. He then repeated his observations; and The vestry-clerk, having thanked the worthy magis trate, said he hoped the very excellent observations which had fallen from the bench would obtain the publicity they deserved. It is understood that a meeting of the inhabitants of Shadwell will soon be convened for the purpose of devising means to suppress the nuisances in the parish, which the crews of the shipping in the London Dock, as well as the inhabitants, have made complaints against. THE HORRIBLE MURDER AT CHESTERFIELD. Connected with this horrid affair an opinion prevails that the deceased's body was cut up and carried away in parts to the cesspool, in which his mangled remains were discovered. This idea, however, is not supported by the surgeon who examined them ; ho clearly ascer tained that the first vertebra, which connects the head with the spine, had not the appearance of having been separated by any violence, as it was found complete. But it must be borne in mind that the second and third vertebra are not to be found, and if the head were sepa rated from the body after death, those bones would be so broken up as to be undistinguishable afterwards. The mangled remains were interred in St. Thomas's church yard, Brompton, on Monday last, followed by a large party of friends and relations, including Ellen Beres ford, and attended by an immense concourse of spec tators. The prisoner was removed to Derby gaol on Friday morning, in the custody of Sharpe, an active constable of Chesterfield ; a great number of people congregated at the railway station to witness his de parture; he arrived a short time before the train, and made a request to see Mr. R. Statham, butcher, by whom he was employed, and with whom he conversed, seemingly without reserve, and did not seem in the least unnerved; when the train arrived, he was hurried through the crowd to the carriages, upon which he ap peared pale and agitated. He shook hands with some a-quaintances, and bade them good-bye. He also told Ntr6 Statham that he was innocent of the murder. There was some groaning on his proceeding to the carriage, otherwise there was no strong feeling manifested by the congregated throng. He is a very diminutive man, being only five feet one inch in height, stout built, active, and having a repulsive countenance. Among the fraternity he and his brother, in derision of their small stature, were known by the names of " Gog " and " Magog." A few days ago he addressed a letter to Mr. R. Statham, which contained little more than desiring his respects to his acquaintance and assertions of his innocence. He did not, however, forget his old friend " Nero," a favourite dog, to whom he sent " his respects." Prisoner is described by his late em ployer as being remarkably temperate in his habits, and a rather timid disposition. Collis, the supposed mur dered man, was a good-looking person, 26 years of age, about the middle size, dark hair, and light whiskers, and well known and respected in the neighbourhood. Ellen Beresford, the young woman to whom he was betrothed, is a pretty and respectable-looking young woman, and her case has excited much sympathy, as it is stated to have been the intention of Collis to marry her had he lived. A number of benevolent individuals, feeling that she was deprived of a husband, and her child of a father, by this tragical occurrence, have laudably determined to raise a subscription in her behalf, and there is no doubt but their praiseworthy object will meet with the success which its merits.—Derbyshire Courier. THREE LIVES LOST ON THE RIVER.--On Sunday evening two accidents happened in Erith reach, near the Half-way House, and we regret to add that one of them involved the loss of three lives. A pleasure sailing boat, called the Miriam, went down the river to Erith, on a pleasure excursion ; she was managed by Joseph Leonard, a waterman of Blackwall, and brother of one of the Thames police inspectors, and another man con versant with the management of pleasure yachts. There were three gentlemen on board, who names have not transpired. The wind freshened in the evening, and while the boast was comin g up th e reac h one o f th men went aloft to reef the gaff- topsail, and while he was doing so a squall of wind caught the sail, and the top weight of the man above caused the frail barque to cap suite, and the whole party were immersed in the water. Two of the party almost immediately disappeared, and were drowned ; Leonard clung to the hatches and other floating gear for some time, but ultimately sunk before assistance could reach him, and also met a watery grave. The other waterman, and one of the gentlemen, said to be owner of the boat, were saved by Margatroyed, a waterman and sailors' lodging-house keeper, who was rowing his boat up the reach at the time, and who also recovered some of the materials of the pleasure boat. The unfortunate occurrence has created a great sensa tion among the owners of sailing yachts and pleasure boats on the river. It is reported that the Miriam had actually been sailing a match with another pleasure boat and came off the winner on Sunday, and having parted with her opponent, Leonard, who had been down the river with another gentleman's pleasure boat, and re mained ashore at Erith till she was gone, requested a " cast up" in the Miriam, which was granted. None of the bodies have been recovered. Soon afterwards another accident occurred in the same reach ; a quay skiff of large dimensions, and containing seven persons, which had been down on a pleasure trip, was capsized in a squall ; six of the party clung to the boat, while R. Hamilton, a waterman, swam towards a sailing barge at anchor, and made known the danger of his companions ; the bargemen immediately put off in their boat, and saved the whole of the party, who, after drying themselves on board the sailing barge, were sent up to London in a steamer. FATAL ACCIDENT AT THE OXFORD RAILWAY STATION.—A dreadful accident happened at the Oxford station of the Great Western Railway on the evening of Saturday, about seven o'clock, whereby two men of the names of Bates and Gardiner, employed as porters at the station, lost their lives. It appears that the two poor fellows, with se vera l o th ers , were e mployed in re moving large blocks of d ea l s f rom a boat in the Isis to a truck, for the purpose of conveyance by rail, when sud denly the crane (from th e grea t weight attached to it) broke, and falling on the two unfortunate men killed them both instantaneously. The head of Bates was completely smashed, and the other poor fellow had his neck and arm broken. The rest of the men escaped un injured. WORKS by ROBERT J. cuLvritwELL, M.D. M.R.C.S. 8 0 * • One Shilling each, by post One and Sixpence. ON SINGLE and l MARRIED LIFE: (Au Original Medical History.) CONTENTS Analysis of the Affections—Early Conventional Restraltnet—i3tlll_s. direction—Marital Anticipations and Realities—Laws of la , rn „d 0 Maternal Influenee—Phenomena of Gestation—On In felieitous Infertile Unions—lncongruous Alliances —Late 3iarriage.ri,. r 7 ace,: Matches—Curiosities of Twenty-three Years' Medical F A Y" &e. &c. 2. On CHASTITY and its INFRINGEMENTS. (An Essay for 1846.) "Of human ills and frailties I discourse, Those taught by nature, and by art acquied. Of griefs conceal'd, and disappointments keen, Which young and gentle, the matured and SW' The lonely and the mated—all sustain. In kindly spirit, herein counsel's giv'n, • How health, how hope, how happiness to OAP 3. WHAT to EAT, DRINK, and AVOID With Diet Tables forall Complaints. Contents :—How to ensure perf ec t di ges tion, tranqn. ; good night's rest, a clear head, and a contented mind. 1) y Ii . vgr • servance of the Instructions herein containeC .the feeble , t he vously delica e,even to the most s hatt ere d constitution, luaYlo the the greatest amount of physical happiness, and reach in Ile ' full period of life allotted to man. " How we should live—what eat, what drink, what shun , To reach in health full threescore years andt en." we ts of These interesting little volumes, although hearing upon su very delicate import, as their titles imply, will be found of . 11 _7 0 0. curable and general utility, for they tell of matters everyliving,44 la tore able to understand ought to know, but which inforMts;ak these enlightened times, except that quality promulgate d questionable channels, is at a very terrible discount. the 0 ! In the exposition hereby offered of the till now hidden, " i i - 15110 1 ' nature, of human disappointm en t s an d th e ir wa ys of relic" hy slcha l contended that every reader shall become his or her own Post . We any more than their own lawyer, but it is insisted upon ' should know the simple principles of our owu organization, ;Of whereby our existence and the issue thereof in their severs l ; v idas l states depend, the duties that are expected of us in our ha nd capacities In the family circle, and th e t erms on w hich the h e 7 e ly, happiness of the present and future race o f man kind have to n oted. By such knowledge, and which is herein faithful l y an` lop aPPufsi health will be found to be in our own k ee ping, and h falfl i within the attainment of all ; by th e ava il men t hereof n mp rifig our duty to ourselves, we s ec u re th e lik e a d van t ag es on elir ; e i;l s to follow, and finally by the cu lti va ti on if our f acu lties, 10h lla consistent with degenerate health, th e m i n d as well as the bodyidiot be exalted to the summit of perfection, as best becomes the of God's creations. ' The author's justification for this seeming eulogy of his 0 -404 • • logs, and the avo wa l o f th e i r i n t egr i ty of purpose, m ust be 01 4 tits by their perusal—his accredited qualifications g uarantee u' topics broached involve his legitimate study and pursuit. To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Car l _ =AI; er Fleet-street ; Hannay, 63, Oxf or d. s t ree t ; M ann , 39, t', e ,..d" — s direct from the Author, 10, A rgy l e - place, Regent-stree t Great Marlborough-street), who may be advised personally matters daily till Three, an d i n th e E venings from Seve n tID THE SIXTEENTH EDITION. prie i Just Published, with coloured engravings, in a sealed enveloPato, 2s. 6d., and sent free, on receipt of a Post-011e° Order for 35 '00 MANLY HEALTH : a Popular Inqu i l is troc . the Concealed Cause of its premature Decline, ft!! tions for its Complete Restoration. Addressed to these suffeAr t fara the destructive consequences of excess i ve indulgence, ternd„nness, Mental and Nervous Debility, Local or C ons tit u tional Weaf" ar tsr , " digestion, and Consumption. Includin g a comprehensive Thntil on MARRIAGE, Incontinence, an d C e lib ac y. Illustrated ," loured Engravings, explanatory of the various Cases, tie• By C. J. LUCAS and Co., Consulting Surgeons , No. 60, Newman-street, Oxford-street, London. yet And sold by Brittain. 11, Paternoster-row ;J. Gordon, l46, denhall-street ; and all Booksellers. 0 gisP° " The best of all friends is the professional friend, and In 1,1;0 can he be consulted with greater safety and secrecy than in en Manly Health."—The New Bell's Weekly Messenger. ng Persons desirous of obtaining the above work, and riot woe it apply to a bookseller for the same, may, to insure secrechstao:,, direct from the Authors, by e nc l os i ng 3 e . Cd., o r Postagt v The security of happiness in the Marriage state is the aw n- r et f"" but many dread entering upon we dd e d un i on , th ro ugh A %is en of unfitness for the discharge of matrimonial obligations. _A g na is most particularly addressed to all suffering under a desP o ".;4ol the character alluded to ; and advice will be found calTt'ln. cheer the drooping heart, and point the way to renovated O ,L`" O , SP" Messrs. Lucas and Co. are to be consulted from Ten till ;('). "Te o from Five till Eight in the evening, at their reside—ca. No. man-street, Oxford-street, London, and country patleataendop• successfully treated, on minutely describing their case, an d the usual fe" Nf 1/. ror advice dVI 0 -.11 A POPULAR TREATISE on th e HEAL T H , LIFE. and A ' of the BODILY FUNCTIONS. in SeA l ' NINETEETH EDITION, price 2s. 6d. ; Free by Pest , Envelope) 3s. 6d., Work THE SILENT FRIEND. A Medical tors' on the loss of th e repro d uct i ve powers, w i t h means ofores,l'eS Hon. The baneful eff ec t s o f Indulgence, ge ne 1 c ted Strict condary Symptoms, &c., are fully p o i n t e d ou t. Illustrat ed Ordl , gravings ; followed by observations or, Marriage. BY f 4. PERRY and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London. resi e Til : Pnblished by the Authors, and may be had at their deo Sold by Strange, No. 21, Paternoster Tow ; Gordon, 146, 000 0 ' street ; Purkis, Compton-street, Soho ; Hannay and Co.' w ' street, and 37, Roy al Exchangeall booksellers. e w bo Part I. of this 'Work is particularly addressed to 010 4 .: 0 of to prevented from forming a Matrimo n i a l Alliance, threq h .,;dgetl° ° tain disqualifications, and will be found an available IT' the means of perfect and secret restoration to manhooo•__. e ol.b et 17,4 Part 11. treats perspicuously u p on th ose f orm s of diseAk' y bee t 7o in their primary or secondary state, arising from how numbers who neglect to o bt a i n competent medic iou a l upon The s CORDIAL years of misery and suffering tect BALM OF SYRIACUM is exclusivell.direeess, bs the cure of nervous and sexual d e bility, i rregu l ar ity, weao deb. reneess, loss of appetite, indigesti on , consump ti ve habits , „ e r Ps' ties arising from venereal excesses, &c. Price 11 s. and 335. r- Se" tie. The Five-pound cases may b e h a d as usual. ,„ An or The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE. five • l om , syphilitic remedy for searching out and purifying the g &Wet: nereal contamination, scurvy, blotches on th e head, fac e, er ulcerations, and those painful affections arising from imp ro ve went, secondary symptoms, and all eruptions of the skin. 6 ,1 " and 335. per bottle. gd.. PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price _, tar."' to and lls. per box, are the most effectual remedy for st“c Aiso ci flammation, irritation of the bladder, &c., without liln"" is 0 . business. ch i Consultation fee, if by Letter, IF. A minute detail o• 0 0 ,- 41 cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance at tho i !„, toe, " 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London, fr om eleven U . five till eight; and on Sundays from eleven till twelve ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTg A3P MATURITY. P i WITH TWENTY-FIVE COLOURED ENGRAV E Just published, Sixteenth Thousand, in a sealed envw" 2s. 6d., or post paid, to any addres s , f or 3 s . 6d. i n POWs"„ • e or Post-office Order. .' t o ELF- PRESERVATION : A Medical .' tog' on the Secret Infirmities and Disorders o f Y ou th and gs i kesw;4, Illustrated with Twenty-five Coloured Plates on the olio Physiology, and Diseases of the Urin a ry an d Repredecr-ive tor explaining their various structures, u ses , an d functions, a-„d t ind ° -atit the injuries that are produced in the m , by so litary habit! , fl ler - o i excesses. With Practical Observations on the Treatmen t discs °s Debility, Local 'and Constitutional Weakness, and other the Ur ßy eth SAMUEL LA'MERT, CONSULTING SUR GEON 9, Bedford-street, Bedford-square, London; 001;0 Matriculated Member of the University of EdinburgrAcelltiS Member of the London Hospital M e di c al Society, "- Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c. -nod CONTENTS OF THE TREATISE. its 010 , - 0 er CHAPTER 1. On the Philosophy o f M arr i ag e, with ' tige S t and Obligations, and on Infeli c it ous an d Unproductive os s CHAPTER 2. On the Anatomy and Physiology of th" i 5 that 5 ;0. Organs, their functions, structur es , an d secretions, Pm v ._ o t otbY Mental and Physical Power ar e d ependant upon their he i s Otos —CHAPTER 3. On Solitary H a bit s; their var ious eu fO c t• tiO Animal Economy; the concealed cause of Debility of % less c oo of the Stomach, Lungs, an d B ra i n, and general W e , a of . s esS , Mental Faculties. CHA PTHR 4 . On the Secret Diseroe i wes. 011 • and Maturity, and the Treatment of Nervous and D O 7 a nd t es, Mental Debility, and Premature Decay.—CneeTr.Bs GOO' the Disorders arising from indiscriminate Ex ec "' Gleet, Strictures, and other Diseases of the Urethra. App4 osll , t ; REVIEWS OP THE WORE- •"- • "The author of this singular and talented work the __perl_ s ace fled medical man, who has evidently had conside ra sd• the treatment of the various disorders arising are fiv ra an invelua e^ b mast frailties of early indiscretion. Th e engravings ~,cesses, whi its perusa l ditlon, by demonstrating th e consequence s of *.•• g id n o Sr act as a salutary warning to youth and maturity.., „drag° many questions may be satisfactorily replied to, th' e; 4° 2 peal, even to the most confidential friend."—Br a ' res - ; ne cnEfo , " Published by the Author, and may be , had a t a o Co., ", " s cler from S. Gilbert, 52, Paternoster-row; HannaY„rdon, 146, - „d 11/ street; Static, Tichbome-street, Quadrant; C L p i erpool ; hall-street, London; Newton, 16, Church. Wee all Booksellers. At Home for Consultation daily, from ' - ''' '' ,, e n t e il d l t T o ,W i Of, ... c4an .tr d O rrp s l4 Five till Eight ; and all letters immediately r a ttEET the fee of 1/., for advice, &c.-9 BEDFORD"' SQUIRE, LONDON _______.-- 1 --_----- —, t LP: Icing T h and n E d n c r u n e c e ip n at ion on the of il e lg ißrusselsßelgians will a ,rff ° their children early in October. -,-,s 0. - o,f. (ADVERTISEMENT. j DEAFNESS AND .I.,___ co p ted Newly a -, —Sent into the country free, by post.-- ..., ,‘, acoustic tubes, for relief of extreme deafness, ,7 0 erf r :d• VISION RELIEVED, No. 39, AramotArtLE-STREET, 1' 1.11 0 4 , inserted n the car cannot be perceived by the neares. s t lino they are entirely different from all others, arid are the sur f , itir P o r lug instruments constructed —measuring only a quarter . tn i ,.r their widest part; they may be securely adjusted in the Fp I pt sons are enabled to join in general conversation, an d served, and removed therefrom with as great ease and W I bear ~,tif to %pi t ' el distinctly in a place of worship, &c., and what :Mould,.p ress considered, a natural expansion of the cavit •• o ithe ear '" 0 jer nenomo9enoesratrois.. wito ,_,,,nees .4 ~ —a thickening or contraction of which in 3 man.)"."„i e sSan. la',., tinily the cause of deafliess—and by their use the unc Al; ta' ; sation of singing noises in the ears is entirely oby r iat a Zdhite.- 7 11 0 „1 0' proved hearing trumpets of every description. ' un— rfeu t ori newly-invented spectacle lenses are placed before IMP e idc h a:, on either by day or candlelight, that mist and dullness W es eler t 0' before the eyes is at once removed, every object bea : l g brigno; distinct, so that the most aged defective sight beeom o est brilliant, and is brought to its youthful, natural, a nd . r ee:',l, e r r Also the most powerful achromatic telescopes, opera nt iais;; - 0 , microscopes. Caution—Messrs. S. and B. Solomon - % ° I o;0 4 ..,"" not in any way connected with a person of the son!, To_."..WP immediate neighbourhood, nor in any part of the cour..„%' , AjDo .- mistakes, be cautious, and observe—only to be had at 0, street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel. —....—.--,--......„ edlll _ BIRTHS. h al * "T ° On the 12th inst., at Crowe Hall, near Dorn ( yell . the lady of J. H. Fryer, Esq., of a son. pof i., f iberl ea On the 12th inst., the wife of J. Walter,jarwo r s. ,' On the 4th inst., at Manchester-square, "' I,k Jones, of a son. On the 7th inst., at Upham, Hants, the lady 0f . e 00 Gale, jun., Esq., of a son. va . bu rgh, t li On the 9th inst., at Atholl-crescent, —ill v e l lligh of David Carnegie, Esq., of a son. 0100 ' G , On the 11th inst., Mrs. George Wilkins°l4 00 Holloway, of a son. _ %lo om On the 11th inst., at Vicarage-place, b-e rlBl ' ,P eir° 0 , Willock, of a daughter. Bideiarcb tba On the 11th inst., at Cornborough, near the lady of E. U. Vidal, Esq., of a daughter. w b.nshi re ' On the 12th inst., a t W a d en hoe, NorthanW j wife of Bulkley J. M. F ree d, E sq . e son On the 3d inst., Willia M m A lfif g, E sq., late 0 Miss Isabella Emblin. .. f ulale v- st er On the 10th inst. at St. Pancras New Church , r iiseg l i - t. James Michael Win ' kup, to Clara Campion, secone c re s4 "lee of Mr. W. Beckett, of Arlington-street, Mornington, corn, On the 10th inst., at Fifehead Magdalen Dorset ° Ali.g. ED f visterfo,-104, to Foster Bonner, Esq., of Spalding, Lincolnshire, 'lief.' Manse' Florence Peacock, eldest daughter of the Oet4' itie Peacock, Vicar of Fifehead. 19. On the 12th inst., at St. George's, BloomsbuY,, i s te,, ' Blewitt, Esq., to Anne Roper, second daughter of t''' , 5 40 0 ' E. Williams, Esq., of Upper Charlotte -street, F...iz: r a 1 6 DIED „ a re. 0 § On Saturday last, at Scarborough, aged 39, b are iv s il beloved wife of Mr. Markßuddock, of the Blackein" te d Di Commercial Hotel, of that place, universally reeP ec $ who knew her. , OW Oa the 14th Inst., at Brighton, Mr. George 110 " Rey '• . lingering illness, aged 24. nigh t On the 13th inst., in Portland - plac e, the William Lord Bishop of St. Asaph, aged 77. , g , 94.' On the 25th ult., at Jassy, Moldavia, George .."' ' tell° or of Smith-street, Chelsea. , 0 1 0 On the 9th inst., Elizabeth Emma, daughter iv Eyre Lee, Esq., of Birmingham, aged 17. ~Of f or n t mg h sr e :. 9 zif t T h r.u i rG n n s ee t or . ,r, George e t i dj F oo e wn r r e o i s b .f y t , he i n l a t t e h R e a E lp as h t 11 i dins, Esq , 0 H sh a i O r s e t n i : On the 10th inst., at Heath Cottage,TuFrlerllght-d° Jos e r li B u O r t n royn th ß-c e ar l reg O sces t e h ns,t l a n ag s g t e . ed , d 7i 40. n . High street, Camden-t.o:er , He O n n the 11th inst., Mr. Henry ivßaerid: of Greg ent-Pl3°4 e°l - the 11th inst., in King Ed d terrace, road, Mr. William Jones, aged 77. _........,± 1 15 ' _.• /go. e t voUlia , ''. Pied ° London: Printed and Published by DO -- A I . the - e er Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, " of the SavoY, in tho County of Middle."' °I tuber lb, 1846 s N 0.112, Straw- 4 loop