The Sun. — London, England, 1846-05-07 00:00:00

details, but he did assert that in the main facts he was perfectly correct. Leo the Tenth had patronised Galileo and he it was that had been mainly instrumental in publishing the Cop'rnican system of the universe. He again asserted that Galileo was only in , prison for some three days. So much with respect to that charge. He would now glance at the lion. Member's remarks with respect to the Roman Catholics. The Hon. Member suggested that they should take the example of France in religious matters. , Mr. COLQUHOUN—No, no. Mr. O'CONNELL—He could quote M. Thiers an ex ample of a perfect statesman. He (Mr. O'Connell) con sidered that this suggestion of the Hon. Member, if it had no other good quality, had at least that of novelty to re commend it. It was something peculiarly novel tore commend the example of France in religious matters. The lion. Member said that this accomplished statesman had at tacked the Jesuits. He (Mr. O'Connell) contended that that man was no statesman who only pandered to the bad Prejudices of his countrymen.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) He challenged the Hon. Member to bring one charge against the Jesuits, and to prove that charge. He had thrown that challenge down to the Honourable Member some weeks ago, and he had not yet been able to bring such a charge. True, he had spoken of a con sultation of the Parliament of Paris in the year 1762, where calumnies of the worst description had been originated against that ecclesiastical body. But he (Mr. O'Connell) would ask, if it was either right or fair to bring this con sultation forward as a charge, when; the Hon. Member well knew that these calumnies had been refuted times out of number • when he could have informed the House, that Archbishop Amand, and all the French Bishops in the last century, bad protested against those calumnies? Did the Hon. Member forget the speech of Henry I V., when that able and powerful monarch did full justice to Jesuits, but the Hon. Member said something about the Emperor of Russia. He quoted Thiers as his model of a statesman,' and now he quoted the Emperor of Russia as a model of kingly piety. The Hon. Member made certainly a singular selection. — (Laughter.) He again challenged him to substantiate a sin gle charge against the Jesuits. They were a most estimable body. They had been the Fatrons of literature in ev er y a g e. as a community they were distinguished for the exercise of every virture. Their hospitality was unbounded, their cha rity sincere, and however they might be villified now, they would be regarded in history as the truest benefactors of man kind. Mr. FINCH said that, in his opinion, the Hon. and Learned Member for Cork had not fairly stated the argu ments of his Hon. Friend the Member for Newcastle-under- Lyne, when he said that the lion. Member wished them to follow the example of France in matters of religion. He (Mr. Finch) considered that the Jesuits had in too many. instances been calumniated, but no one could deny that, in consequence of the dangerous tenets they propagated, they had been driven out of every country in Europe. After a few words from Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR, which were inaudible in the gallery, Mr. PHILIP HOWARD said that one of the wisest mo narchs in Europe, Frederick the Great of Prussia, had given them a refuge in hs dominions. He felt that this Bill would not be objected to by the great body of the people of this country. CART-UNIONS BILL. ELECTION NOTICES BILL. The House went into Committee on this Bill, and it was ordered to be reported on this day (Wednesday) fortnight. ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE BILL. The House then went into Committee upon this Bill. A few verbal amendments were moved and agreed to on clauses 1 and 2. Mr. LAW then moved the addition of the following clause :—(Power to award hard :labour, and the costs of the prosecution ,in all cases.)—" And whereas it is expe dient to give to Criminal Courts the power to award hard labour as a portion of the punishment inflicted on offenders convicted before them, and also to give to such Courts the power of allowing reasonable costs in all cases prosecuted or tried before them ; therefore, be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for the Court before which any ofender shall be convicted of any misdemeanour, to sen tence (if such Court shall see fit) such offender to be kept to hard labour, either in the common gaol or house of correction, for the whole or any part of the term for which such Court is now by law authorised to direct such offender to be imprisoned, and to direct (if it shall see fit) the costs of the prosecutor, and witnesses for the prosecu tion, in all cases of misdemeanour, to be paid in the same ma nner and under the sari - 9 regulations as the costs in certain cases of 'misdemeanour are directed to be paid by the statute passed in 'the seventh year of the reign of his late Majesty King George the Fourth, intituled 'An Act for improving the Administration of Criminal Justice in England. " Sir JAMES GRAHAM said that the clause proposed by his Hon. Friend was a very important one. - He looked with very great'jealousy to any extension of the power( to the criminal courts in the manner proposed by the clause. It required great consideration before they came to any decision on so important a change as the clause contemplated. He could not say he was quite prepared to oppose the clause until he had heard the reasons of his Hon. Friend. Mr. LAW explained that the clause was merely an exten sion of the powers contained in sec. 63, chap. 74, of the Act of George IV. lie knew of several instances-of aggravated assault, which had been very inadequately punished, in con sequence of the provisions contained in the 7th George IV. not meeting the case. By the present law, in cases of con spiracy and of assault, the parties who brought the criminals to justice were not allowed the expenses of the prosecution. This has been the subject of animadversion day after day for years, and it had not yet been remedied. The object of his clause was to give the criminal courts the power of awarding reasonable costs in all cases prosecuted or tried before them. Sir J. GRAHAM should feel greatly obliged if his Hon. Friend would withdraw his clause for the present, and pro pose it again on the bringing up of the report. This would give him time to consider the matter, and as it was a very important subject, the clause should not at this moment be pressed. Mr. LAW consented to the postponement of his .clause until the bringing up of the report. After a few words from Mr. P. EGERTQN, Mr. BODKIN was perfectly willing to agree to any post ponement of the clause, as it would give further time fOr the consideration of the matter. Mr. NEWDEGATE had always objected to the repeal of the clauses of the Act of 1829. This oppoisition did not arise from any wish to persecute the Roman. Catholics, but from a desire to preserve the peace and well-being of the country. He trusted that her Majesty's Government would not consent to the repeal of those clauses, which they had themselves in troduced. The reason why those clauses had never been put in force, of course, was best known to the Right Hon. Baronet the Home Secretary. Mr. M. MILNES said, that for some years the youth of the Roman Catholic community had been entrusted to the Jesuits for their education, and no evils had resulted from the Catholic youth being so educated. Sir R. PEEL said he was ready to consent to a division of the Bill, for the purpose of being enabled to express his opi nion with regard to that part of the Bill which contemplated the repeal of part of the statute of 1829. Of course it was necessary for him to vote for the motion of the Hon. Gentle man, in order to make the division of the Bill. He would ' advise the Hon. Gentleman to permit the House to go into Committee on the Bill pro forma ; he would then have the opportunity of taking the sense of the House on any clauses to which he objected.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. LAW recommended t hat his Hon. Friend should not give way to the proposal of the Right Hon. Gentleman, but persevere in his motion. Lord J. RUSSELL considered that there could be no dif ficulty in adopting the advice of the Right Hon. Baronet. Mr. WATSON said that the House had already affirmed the principle of the Bill, for the second reading of it had already taken place. The present measure would not repeal the Act of Supremacy, for supremacy was the common law of England. Mr. J. JERVIS thought that the powers proposed in the clause of his Hon. Friend would be dangerous in the hands of the judges. Mr.GRAINGER was of a similar opinion. With regard to the first clause, he agreed that too much power was placed at the disposal of magistrates with respect to cases of mis demeanours, and therefore he thought it should be altered. With regard to the others, he should be contented that they should remain as they were. After a few words from. Colonel SIBTHORP, Mr. LAW would be glad to receive the suggestions of Hon. and Learned Gentlemen opposite as to the particular cases - which should be exempted from this clause. Mr. HENLEY objected to the introduction of the word " conspiracy." They ought to define the particular crime intended by the term, as at present it was altogether too vague, and would lead to abuses. Mr. B. ESCOTT would wish that the particular costs in particular cases should be specified. NEWDIGATE explained. Lord JOHN MANNERS said that the Hon. Member for Newcastle had stated that he did not wish to impose any penalties on the profession of religion. The supremacy of the Pope either was or was not a doctrine of the Roman Catholic religion. If it were not, then he called upon his Eon. Friend to allow this Bill to pass, and if it were, then he called upon him to go with them and enforce the penalties. The fact was, those who professed to be the most sincere friends of civil and religious liberty very often turned out to be the most bitter of its foes. The clause was then withdrawn. The House resumed, and the report was ordered to be brought up this day week. The House then adjourned. IRELAND. DISTRESS OF THE PEOPLE. Mr. ESTCOURT rose amid repeated cries of " Divide," and said be should only detain the House for a 'very few minutes. The Hon. Member who bad charge of the Bill had stated that he intended to expunge all the clauses down to that which related to the statute of George IV. He thought there was a secresy with regard to the Bill, for when he had, on a previous occasion, made some observations with respect to this particular Bill, they were net received with much favour; but a different opinion now appeared to prevail. This only he would say, that if those clauses were repealed, it would be a vio lation of the contract which was entered into in 1829. The Bill was, in fact, a Bill for an ainendment of the Act of 1829, and if it had been introduced with that avowed object, his Right Hon. Friend below him (Sir, B. Peel) it would have met it with his unquestionable opposition. He would suggest that the Hon. Member (Mr. Watson) shoUld avail himself of the proposition of the Secretary of State for the Home Department. By doing so, that Hon. Memliei would undoubtedly lose an advantage which he bad obtained, unfairly obtained, but he did not doubt, that from the re spectability of -that gentleman, he would readily give it up, and not shuffle a measure like this through the House. Mr. B. ESCOTT said, that what was meant by shuffling and by unfair advantage had not been explained ; but he would remind the House that this Bill bad been read a second time by a majority of three to one, and he thought that the proper course was to go into Committee, oppose what was' bad, approve what was good, and do what they thought proper with the Bill on the third reading. After a few words from Mr. Coulogovw, which were hardly tolerated by the House, Mr. SPOONER said, that although he might have ap. proved of the early patt of the Bill, he could not assent to the latter part of it ; and he felt assured that it was not com petent for the House in the present stage to divide the Bill. If his Right Hon. Friend at the head of the Government, assented to this measure, he would in fact be 'doing neither" more nor less than practising upon the House, and being 'a party to a measure for amending the Act of 1829. Sir ROBERT PEEL trusted the House would allow hint to answer the perversions of the Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down.—(Laughter.) He 'proposed that the Bill should be dividedinto two parts, and as the Hon: Gentleman objected to the first part of the he - would have the 'op portunity of dealing with it ; he thought his suggestion should be met in thasoirit it was made in. Mr. SPOONER objected that • the Bill could not-be di vided. If the Right Hon. Gentleman allowed the Honsa-to go into Committee, he was virtually repealing the law which he had declared should never be repealed. The House then dividyd on the question that they go into Committee, when there appeared-- DUBLIN, MAY 4.—ln those districts where measures for relief, in co-operation with the Government, bad been promptly adopted, the pressure of distress has been mi tigated, and a manifest change for the better , has oc curred. But in other places, where no such steps have been taken by the gentry and wealthy inhabitants, the people are still suffering most severely. In some parts of the western provinces, for instance, owing to the very culpable indifference, the peasantry are actually threat ened with famine. In consequence of the extension of employment by the relief Committed in the - various districts, the wages of labour have decidedly increased from the usual ex-, tremely low rates. Thus the measures o f re li e f h ave been so far successful in the legitimate mode of advan• cing wages, although not at all to the standard required by the high price of food. Potatoes are double the ordinary rate ; but if you take into account that a large proportion of them are deceased, 'they are really three times dearer than usual. For going into Committee llO Against it Majority for going into Committee -43 The House then went into Co mm itt ee on the. ill, and the preamble was agreed to. On the question that the first clause stand part of the Bill, Mr. LAW moved that the clause be omitted p lto of g e e e t e h a er. Bin WATSON said that he did not intend to a far ther with the Bill at that time. He should, therefore, progress, in order ° o tli .e, pose that the Chairman reportpro- Bill might be recommitted for the purpose of introducing certain certain clauses. that Mr. LAW said he was in possession of the H ouse . The c l au se had been yut, and in the exercise of hit pUbli c duty he should not give way. - Lord J. RUSSELL said that the course taken by the Hon. and Learned Member was not a very fair one to the Hon. and Learned Member who had the conducting of this mea sure. It would be in the power of the Hon. and Learned Member to oppose this Bill in an after stage, and therefore his present opposition was neither handsome nor courteous to his Hon. and Learned Friend (Mr. Watson), nor very just to the House.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. LAW said that the division which had recently taken . • place was for the express purpose of getting rid of the Bill, and Honourable Members on his side of the House were not, therefore, parties to any arrangement between the Right Hon. Baronet and Hon. Members opposite. It was now proposed to carry out that arrangement, that his Hon. and Learned Friend should have an opportunity of re-print ing and bringing forward this Bill in a new shape, of, in fact, making this two Bills instead of one. He was opposed to this Bill in any shape, and he therefore claimed his right to proceed in this course. He had personally the highest respect for the Hon. and Learned Member opposite, but he had a public duty to perform.—(Hear, hear, and Oh, oh!) He considered this Bill was of a pernicious character, and he viewed with suspicion all measures which emanated from the other side, and which received the approbation of the Right Honourable Baronet at the head of her Majesty's Go vernment. Sir ROBERT PEEL trusted that the Hon. and Learned Member who had last spoken on the performance of his public ditties, discharged them with more temper and mode ration, and with more acuteness than he had then show n.— (Laughter.) There must have been some great misappre hension on the part of the Hon. Member in pursuing a course from which he could gain no possible advantage. The Hon. and Learned Member (Mr. Watson) had merely asked to have t he Bill recommitted for the purpose of having certain .clauses introduced which, if proposed on the instant, would be .'.ess intelligible than if they were printed and Hon. Members tad time to consider te Mr. LAW said that tie n t; sinuations—(oh, 0h1).....thad a right to complain of any in r.own out as to the manner in which he discharged his duties another place.—(Hear, hear.) He thought the Right Hon'''. Baronet had no reason to sug gest that those duties were not igiharged with that temper and that attention which were to them. He did not complain of any opinion that the Right Hon. Baronet mht be pleased to entertain of those duties, but he thought, speaking of courtesy, that rnuchndois.courtesy had been ex- Baronet. If he had hibited to him by the Riht thought that his assent would give ano t,dvantage the . tm oters of the Bill he should not oppose then ; but to such pro was foll not h ow is thi ops ini ourseon, and he felt that it was his duty therefore t o c . Mr. COLQUFIOUN said they had got rid of the first part of the Bill, and the Right Hon. B aronet had stated should oppose the second part. They had, theret that he plished their ob j ect, which was the exti nct i on of t°lle4Bailerin' Mr. ROEBUCK said that it was not so, as he should in. ov# that the Chairm,ln do report progress, in order that the new p • rin v t g ed ht in th a e se b p e a t r t a e t r e co fo u rm rse . Mr. BERNAL th would be to clauses might be o re print the Bill. Mr. NEWDEGATE, i lfter condemning what he called the want of temper of the Oght Hon. Baronet, suggested to the Hon. Member for Caminidge University (Mr. Law), the propriety of withdriwing his Amendment, in order that the Bill might go through Committee pro forma, when they would see what the Bill actually .consisted - of. Sir R. PEEL said that those who required d perfectly unruffled temper in him should set the example themselves. The H on . Gentleman would be in no better position , t han if the Bill had been brought forward in its original sf'aPe• On Wedne s d a y nex t, so far from gaining any advantage, 4 m otion could be made that the Speaker do leave the chair, and that the House do go into Committee on that day six il o _ n. months, and so far from entering into any compact with the Gentleman, he believed that he had never a word of c4)117°r841-04 with him 9A the subject in hie life. ge cold not consent to repeal any of the provisions of the Act of , LITERATURE. 1829, nor would he give any pledge to support any amend- I THE NOR T 'II B lan 5' LI RE VIEW, No. IX. ment which might be introduced. Mr. NEWDEGATE explained. He did not impute to the ! .4Ve have aircady adverted to this number in a leading Right Hon. Gentleman any unworthy motive. , article, and quotA from it some appropriate remarks on Mr. LAW did not wish to oppose any difficulty to the wish the at of tie l'unjaub,. ta - tt qlerp are severa,l other of the House, and would withdraw his motion. i topics Clint; .squire notice. , :i've,-,' s tuak at the same time The motion was.then withdrawn.-- - - -- —.--- ---obaarve, that ti.i.s-review, though- established - by a religt- - BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY BILL. . I -i ous sect iti :Scoilancl,, whose 'measures, from - a sense of. On the motion of Sir J. GRAHAM, the second reading ' public duty, we wit...! slino) ears si.uce compelled to of this Bill was postponed for afoitni . ght. . - :,- , • I oppose, :has nothing in it sec or exclusive ;it treats . . ~.,. The Committee on this Bill was also adjourned for a fort- a Catholic and impartial manner. and seems p ur p osel y night, on the motion of the Right Hon. Baronet. io avoid ' a fault, with which similar works are often CORRESPONDING SOCIETIES AND LECTURE- , ROOMS BlLL.namely, bringing forward the peculiar views On the motion of .Sir J. GRAHAM, this Bill was read a writers on almost every subject in the whole second time. I rocallfnagtr!.e:okbflseekln;leor*olerdlgiueb.lishleur a ca c n om se m e e t r u c e ia p l ro p p o r i i n e t ty e o f f v sec iew h. any a regulation, and even as regards the propagation of certain political Or religious creeds, there is an equal advantage; fior converts are not made by force, and a man's opinions -;:re not changed by candle ,s unvarying lec tures on the same subject. Ina periodical of this kind the known character of the writers is not without its effect, especially when questions of pure science, and which may interfere with scriptural authority, are dis cussed. The timorous have no reason to fear for their faith when discoveries in geology, for instance, or as tronomy, are made, which cannot be reconciled with occasional passages in Scripture; they are sure that these discrepancies will be satisfactorily .explained by men in whose religious belief they have full confidence ; and they can,, therefore, follow with perfect composure, in vestigatioi.s which lead to the conviction that the period between the creation - of man and that cif the other ani mals has no definable limits, and that before the " human face divine" was formed countless revolutions in this globe, and convulsions annihilating animal life had occurred., " Man was neither an agent nor a victim in these primevalconvulsions. The exterminated creatures had not been lorded over by his presence, nor have their cemeteries been dignified with his re mains. In the heraldic roll of ancient life he has no precedence. Before his advent the oat had struck its roots and perished—the eagle had soared and fallen—the mammoth had breathed and died, and as he was the last-born among the living creatures entrusted to his mercy, he had no rights of primogeni ture even in the age which . hecoritridled. He is hut an upstart among the .petrified. dead." Such is the start ling language of the writer who reviews " Murchison's Geology of Russia," lent' the realer need not tremble for his orthodoxy, though no such events are even alluded ;to in the first chapter of Genesis. It is a curi ous circumstance, discovered in peruSing some of the extracts from that work, that gold was nut formed till a very late period in the work of creation. It is found only with the remains of the memmoth and the other races which lived in the age preceding that in which man was created. The review of this groat geological survey in Russia, considering that geology is by most readers regarded as dry and uninteresting, is calculated to excite great interest. It is evidently the production of a writer' well fitted by his own ingenious discoveries, and his superior knowledge in the arts and sciences, to make many of the subjects familiar to even ordinary readers, and to give the highest importance to investi gations which may be said to be in their infancy. And some of the subjects, when thus exposed and delineated, give rise to reflections of the most sublime and momen tous description.. We know from the Bible that the work of creation was completed in six days, but of the length Of these- days the divine writer gives us no idea. The geologistenay, therefore, exert his reason, and pro secute his researches, to ascertain the fact, without at ' all, impugning S .ripture ; but his researches have not as yet been productive of any decisive conclusion. Some Of those days may have been, for aught we know, ten thou sand or a hundred thousand years in length, and ,at the close of each eias" some vast convuaon of nature, com missioned as it, were to destroy what had been created, and form a different race and a new generation for the next. When facts like these are established by the clear est proofs, no occasional paragraphs in ScriPture are allowed for a moment to throw any doubt upon them. The language of the Reviewer on this subject is highly eloquent and incontrovertible , While thus identified in their general ()Meets and modes of investigation, the twin sisters of terrestial' and celestial physics have been joint heirs of intolerance and.persecution, unresisting/ victims in the crusade which ignorance. and fanaticism' ate ever waging against science. When great truths are driven fo make an appeal to reason, knowledge becomes crime,. anti ,philosophers martyrs. The doctrine of the earth's motion and the sun's stability hurried •Gali'eo into the dungeons of the Inquisition, and the announcement of creations anterior to man, would have thrown Hutton and his followers into a prison, had its bolts and bars been in trusted to bigotry. 'Truth, however, unlike all other powers, can neither -be checked nor extinguished. When com pressed it but reacts the more. • It crushes where it cannot expand—it burns where it is not allowed to shine. -Haman when originally. divulged, it becomes. Divine when finally established. ,At first the breath of a sage—at last it ie the edict of a God: Endowed with such vital energy, astrono mical truth has •cut its way through the thick darkness of superstitious times, and, following in its wake, geology will soon find the . same open path when it h as tr i ump h ed over " the less formidable obstacles of a more civilised age. There are several other articles, both attractive and instructive, and among them we may mention, " His tory of Domesticated Animals," "Andersen's Annals of the English .Bible,". " British and For e ig n A gr i c Ul ture. " " The Lif6 of Leibnitz" is a failure, 'and that on " Free Church Sites" displays great ardour in the cause. The . writer, as Jonathan says, " goes the whole hogg." , of sub' Lec4 pf literature, and seienoe, And art, and history .. .. . , LETTERS of trte KINGS of ENGLANIL - Two . .. . Vols "By Jami.§ . Ur - chh;q . lialli.iiiell. •:. :.' . . Often as it becomes . our duty to announCe,,: by a :critical or analytical notice, the pub!ication of important Works, it is seldom one is issued which combines the im portance, the utility, the necessity of the present. As is invariable under all similar occasions, the thing is alto. gather so excellent we wonder it has never been thought of heretofore. F'or in the autographic correspondence . of our British Sovereigns (a correspondence scattered too widely for the convenience of every searcher into our native records) many of the state problems are solved better than by all the conjectures of philosophy, and many regal characters become transparent to the most superficial gazer. The editor of these two invalu able volumes. 2estires usin an "introduction" which we only regret was not somewhat longer—that in the com pilation of his present work no less than twenty-seven separate collections of MSS. have been, consulted. In this respect he will ever stand forth as the pioneer of all future historians. Mr. Macaulay, whose elo quent' mind is -, • now engaged • in fructifying, his - own views of - English biatory,' will: , rejoice un doubtedly to find so many weapons for his own pro gress placed ready to Ilia hand, without the trouble of investigation. Hever a - work was 'PUbliOhed &selling of the title of a nati3nal'Work,' " The Letters of the Kings Of .Eogland," by Mr. lialliwell has a full and perfect right to the title. As a compilaion it pre cludes Criticism, while analysis becomes almost - an im ,possibil4y, since these two volumes are the skeleton of the occurrences ormany generations—they are the cal culable 1 causes that gale rise to .such incalcu lable leffem?. One _ peculiarity is, however, particularly worthy of. mention in the letters here mention d—the . orthography_ is modernised so as to ' facil tate - their perusal without interfering with if their Yd ocyncrasy—as all the quaint and.'eharaeteristie Phisisei; re preserved. From :Richard L'• till Charles I. inausiv 1y,.a1l the-intervening reigns are illacidated .by the epllary correspondence of the difforent monarchs. The l; l eletterS of Mary VIII. to the , unfortunate • Anne B?leyn are of thems,4ves sufficient rewards to any bibliographic- antiquary ; and- the- epistles of Ed ward V 4., so wise for one so incxperienced,'so staid and pious for one so posting, are inffititely curious. Indeed, we cannot divot ourselves of the notion, that those lettereWere indicted under the clictvion of the -boy king's political advisers—say Crammer. We say this, under - all correction from Mr. Hallir% ell, both froin.the intrinsic - qua!itieo,of the correspondence itself, and be ' 'daii.O6 we are somewhat sceptical about the oft-mentioned m' arrnk oy:abß,e} l et t: lrol Boleyn e3n to road" ,s to r wisdom. As one among the mo at re - series, ey, w i th we transcribe a potc on ri e fromptby Ac n Cardinal inhe lvo Icing Henry.- ' ' ' • " Anne I3oleyn to Cardinal Wolsey. " My Lord; in my most humblest wi se that M y heart can think, I desire you to psidon me that I am so bold to trouble you with'my simple and rude writing, esteeming it to pro. ceed from her that is much desirous to know that your Grace does well, as I p erce i ve b y t hi s b earer that you do, the which I pray God long to continue, as I am most bound to pray • for I do kn ow th e great pains and troubles that you have taken for me is never like to be recompensed on my part, but i r e a c d e a a il b y oN p -e ro a o l f l , of in y creatures d e l i e v d i s n g B . h a Al shall n n d ia l n i f d e o s tl n y o t th, d c o l a u r b e t a b i I , a t il alonely [entirely, w h o ll y ] i n loving you next unto the King's G affirm my writing to be true, and I do trust you to think the same. " My Lord, I do assure you, I do long to hear from you news of the Legate; for I do hope, as tey come from you, they shall be very good ; and I. am sure you desire it as Much as L and more, an it were possible; as I know it is not : and than remaining in a stedfast hope, I make an end of my letter. Pthoisst let e i t p t t er b , 3; Written r,iili the h an d o f h er t h at i s most b ound to be your humble ser van t, " The w riter of. "ANNE BOLEYN. Kj ou n l ai g n li o e t nr 4 . ase, till she had caused me likewise to set my hand, desiring you, though it be short, -to tak e it i n good part. I insure you iat there is neither of us but greatly desireth to see you, and are joyous to hear that you h ave escaped the plague so well, trusting the fury t thereof to be passed, especially with 7 them that keepeth good diet, as I trust that you de. The not hearing of the Legate's arrival in France causeth us somewhat to muse; notwithstanding, we trust, by your diligence and vigilancy!(With the assistan ce of Almighty God), shortly to be eased out of tbat.trouble.. No more to you at this time, but that T pray God send you as good health and prosperity as the writer would. " By your loving sovereign and friend, " H. R." This ; may be regarded as some slight indication of the po ssess ed exalted influence po by this renowned states man at the Court of Windsor. 11! .J. 0. • slight ability in the notes and shown !no elu cidatory paragraphs; wi t h • ' h which he has interpolated the text :. he has, instance shown undue indeci however, in one i . . crimes imputed to indeci sion in acquitting James I. of ce rtain w him by Scott, the romance writer , and others. e commend Mr. Halliwell to the refutation of that charge, as pronotinced !by. Lingard. After a perusal of that 'refutation, the cortMpondence of James will 'appear innocent enough, and the acquittal will4be accorded . rather mare readily. Thi's at least we conjecture. In all essential respects the two volumes before us are ' Complete. Mr. Halliwell ha; per form e d i ' the history: of . his native land ; Lc has collected n one focus many of the scattered ligh's of " the past," fbr [ the instruction of " the present," and the praise of "the Lfuture.''While the white cliffs of Albion are washed . by the ocean, .the book will be resorted to as an - au - - thority. From the very nature of the work it must live ; and from the adroitness With which it has been compiled it will always be associated with the name of Halliwell. SLAVERY AND SLAVE TRADE OF THE BRAZILS. By 7. Nilson, RN. A very lamest, comprehensive, and well-written ex posure of u greatmational iniquity is the pamphlet re 1 cently issued by Mr. Nelson, formerly Senior Assistant • Surgeon of her Majesty's ship Crescent at Rio de Ja neiro. And what we the more especially prize in this plea for the black race is the uncompromising force of its language and .the very. ; evident fact that .the-- semi- t meats are all, as it were, auperfices chistaid together , -upon a solid groundwork of experience and reason. There is likewise a characteristic about this production 1 which is exceedingly estimable in one . of its class :—it is accurately grouped out, there is a certain logical sym metry in its arrangement, by which the several ideas of the writer are submitted to the reader in an agree able and natural sequence. From his declaration, it appears that the Brazilian Government have, during many past years, fostered a trade in human beings, though such was a direct violation of their treaties with this country, and by which treaty the complete suppres sion of the slave trade was stipulated. Accord ing to an official statement in the Journal` do Com mercio, those treatises are declared to have ter minated on the 17th of last March ; a state ment, however, the authenticity of which both we ourselves and the author of the " Remarks " would wish to question. All the woes, multiple and excru ciating, endured by the African victims of the slave trade are recounted by Mr. Nelson with a horrible par ticularity, from their first reception in the baracoon upon the shores of their native country to their deliver ance into the hands of their permanent taskmasters on the other side of the Atlantic. Enough to sicken the most callous-hearted into a mingled, loathing, and sympathy are these simple narratives of suffering. Men, women, and children are huddled together for months in dense crowds between decks—no room to move—no room to breath—the prey of a thirst the most unappeasable, of dysentry the most wracking and noisome, and of diseases in the eyes often followed by . total and irreparable blindness. These diabolical pie- , tures of cruelty—a cruelty originating in a debasing and villainous lust for lucre—have been painted again and again in colours of appropriate sombreness ; but never to our recollection have they stood out i from the pages with such a truthful air of wretched ness—" crying out for assistance, and there is none to help them," as in this benevolent i pamphlet. Mr. Nelson argues the matter, moreover, upon an economical ground :-...he points out the re markable and almost spontaneous fecundity of the soil 1 of Brazils in nutritious vegetation. In proof whereof 1 we quote the following:--- " The formidable obstacle which the hotness of the climate, at certain periods of the year, throws in the way of manual exertion, nature has in a great measure counteracted, by the promptitude with which she causes cultivation to flourish ' under the smallest amount of toil. The majority of these expensive and laborious undertakings, which the English agriculturist must perform to insure an adequate return, are here neither adopted nor even known. The land having been cleared of its primary coat of wild vegetation, requires no other care than to be annually broken by the hoe, in order to yield, hi many cases, a doubly-repeated harvest in the course of the year. " Throughout the entire country, nature has been lavish of her choicest stores. Trees of almost every intertropical variety, many furnishing the costliest woods, others the most delicious kinds of fruit. Plants, some prized for their beauty, others esteemed for their medicinal virtues, spring up indi genously in the more genial districts, and, with the variety of their tints, clothe the hills, the valleys, and the margins of the rivers, in the most enchanting verdure. The legu minous and farinaceous productions of the vegetable world are nowhere more obedient to the call of the husbandman, or more prolific of their refreshing and nutritive principles. The mandioca and figon plants—answering to the corn and potato of Great Britain—are easily reared, and afford a •wholesome and palatable food for the lower orders of the people. ..Rice and Indian corn add to the general abund ance, and cheapen, while they increase, the variety of the necessaries of life." With such a means of facile agriculture, the lazy Portuguese settlers meritthe most universal reprobation, for their purchase of droves of human beings to per form labour which might readily be managed other wise. When will this blot upon the human race be finally obliterated ? Not until the almost impious farce is forgotten, of a great nation assuming the flag of Ca tholic freedom, with a slave population answering their beck, wearing their chains, bleeding under - their scourges. ante. The work also contains two full and comprehensive indices. One to the acts and notes, the other to the forms by which a reference to any point can at once be obtained the great value of which is so well known to the legal p,i l actitioner that any work deficint therein is looked on ras next to useleh ; no matter' bow valuable it may be . in ot h er rOspbeo: - 'On the the task has been most ably performed by the learned gentlemen who under took it, and we feel convinced, that an early demand for other editions will at the same time afford a handsome profit, dadditionala yoccurring , n ad enable experience them an d of to to whiche dewr enlighten eiyce ad n fr o m ro the n i ve n tu r e t p h u e b t l o i c casesw i with the every prophecy the best use will be made by Messrs. Freud and Ware. , MAGAZi ike N l ES Tarad, in an C°e ON I UE D HOOD'S MAGAZINE. After somethin g announcement contained in the April number of this ma azine the promised di ssertat i on on the "Antigone of Sgophocles " in due course makes its appearance. For millionth time the R oman di stich has been n verified, the parturient mountain has brought forth a very mouse f an articl In saying thi s , we must also observethat ° e. we opened its pages predisposed to be gratified—because, possibly, we wished to be so. Nevertheless we must in all candour acknowledge ourselves disappointed ; the fanfare of trumpets only ushered in a very pi m• a t. I t scarcely so muc h an analytical notice g of the gean is "Antigone of Sophocles " as an eulogium upon Mr. Vandenh ff and his daught er . I n this, however, there is b ° negative fault, a s we cor dially sympathise in u t t h a e writer's appreciation o f the genius of those eminent tragedians ; but what voe would especially condemn is the inaptness, the falsity, th e actual hypocrisy of the title. What insight does the article give into the tragic vigour of the Antigone? None. What new elucidations of the characters ? None. What illustrative notes upon this passage or that? None. What corrections of Mr. Bartholomew's version ? None. Yet one at least of these particulars were necessarily anticipated from the title of the paper ; that title being—(not, "a pangyric upon modern actors," or "an anonymous jeer at the English Opium-Eater," or " a second-hand com pliment to Mendelssohn," but)—" THE ANTIGONE or SOPHOCLES." The attack, indeed, upon Mr. De Quincey is deserving of the severest reprobation, as it is admi nistered under the mask of an anonymous scrivener, besides being uttered,.in terms very nearly allied to the scurrillous ; in proof whereof here are some random epithets :—" prince of poppydom "—" the realm of Nod "—" all the Nid-Nid-Nodders in the world"—and so forth. Alluding in another part to the same gentle man, our nameless would-be critic speaketh of him as "our by no means wide-awake friend 1' Now, first of all, the artificial adjective is too remarkable for its elegance to acquire much force with others, and secondly we question whether the renowned opium -eater would not repudiate such friendship in a very summary manner. It becomes, moreover, *actually ludicrous to hear , the writer in Hood's Magazine remonstrating with Mr. De Quincey on his want of knowledge in London doings, and yet in that very remonstrance displaying his igno rance of Mr. De Quincey's name. So much for the vaunted but inane article on the Antigone of the Gre cian Shakspere. We marvel when " The Bushranger of Van Diemen's Land" will end ! Mr. Percy B. St. John is indefatigable in his contributions, all of them being neat, sparkling tales. " Nell Gwynne "is con tinued with its previous modicum of melodramatic ability; and a delicious innovation in the miscellany is made in the shape , of a " May-garland for May-day" —being choice cullings from the poets, from the mention of THE FORTUNES OF TURLOGIT O'BRIEN. Part 11. What we specified as the failing of this writer, when noticing the first number of his fiction, we are impelled by justice to repeat -on a perusal of its continuation. The deseriptions are, marred by over -embellishment ; every patch of light cast by the sunset is noted down with a distressing scrupulosity ; the characters of the tale always think of, and speak to, one another in a su perlative manner. The heroines are not "beautiful," they are " celestial" or " angelic ;" the villains are not " unprincipled," they are hell-born "miscreants," and so on in a like fashion. If the author of " Turlogh O'Brien" had a lily, he would paint it; if he had gold, he would daub it with gilding. It is an unfortunate pro pensity. It is destroying by repletion. As absurd would it be for a sculptor to delineate on a statue every separate thread woven into the linen. Unless the writer modifies bis style, he will destroy a very agreeable novel. Jeremiah Tindal promises well as a questionable kind of actor but of his ragged visitor we can make nothing whatever. The attack upon Glindarragh Castle -.will bring the story to an interesting crisis ; but we trust the author will previously forsake his ornate diction. PRECI?DENTS OF CONVEYANCES, and other Instruments relating to the Transfer of Land to • Railway Companies; with Introductory Matter and Explanatory Notes. By Henry Thyrwitt Freud, and .I..llibbert Ware, Esqrs., Barristers at Law. There are few shareholders in any railway company, of landowners within the kingdom, who will not be more or less interested'in the subject-matter of this work. When so many Act. have rectentiy passuad through Par liament, the periods for the compulsory acquisition of lands under which have not yet expired, and when so many new projects are before the Legislature, it be comes a matter of considerable importance to the landed proprietors in the neighbourhood of the sanctioned or contemplated lines, to have the state of the law respect ing the acquisition of property by the several companies, their extraordinary powers and privileges, and the duties incumbent on them to perform in return, clearly and simply stated in such a manner that the non-pro fessional reader, although wholly unacquainted with law, may be enabled to form a sound judge ment of the manner in which his property is, or may be of view this work will b a e ffee fo t u e n ci d much more this valu p l in le t than its modest advertisement would infer, which states that its sole object is to afford some assistance in the preparation of the instruments, of .more ordinary oc currence relating to the acquisition of lands in England, Wales, or Ireland, for railway purposes. With Scot land it does not purport to have any concern, the com panies in that country being regulated, by wholly distinct statutes.! Up to the year 1845, the powers conferred, and the restrictions imposed, on each railway or other Joint-st4ck Company, were expressed at full length in the special Act of Parliament, by which that company was incbrporated. Mizell expense and inconvenience was thetefore occasioned, by the necessity of inserting in each ikct a multitude of ordinary clauses, all of which would equally suit the circumstances of every other company. And also, because, although the matter was similar in its import, yet as considerable differences oc curred i.t the language and phraseology of the clauses of the various Acts, a greater liability to litigation existed whenever the meaning of any particular enactment was the subject of discussion, and iu many instances oases would necessarily have: been brought before the courts for the purpose of obtaining a judicial interpretation. In order to remedy these evils three measures, of considerable importance, were brought forward by Government, in the early part of last session of Parliament, by which the greater part of the com panies sanctioned during that session, and all which"maY be passed during the present year, or at any time here after, will be regulated, save so far as they have been altered or varied by express enactment in the special Act. These statutes are respectively termed— let. The Companies Clauses Consolidation Act. 2d. The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act. 3d. The Railway Clauses Consolidation Act. The second of these Acts more immediately relates to the acquisition of land for railway purposes, and it is therefore given at full length, with clearly arranged and able notes on the several sections explanatory of the provisions contained therein, and containing references to different cases which have already been decided, and by which the interpretation of the clauses may probably be affected, or their necessity was occasioned. These, of course, will be chiefly valuable to the professional reader, •who will find much research exhibited, and sound judgment displayed by the learned compiler therein. A knowledge of the provisions of the other statutes is, however, very necessary, and a most fexcel lenttransfer compendium of their provisions is given, rom f which the layman can acquire a Per f ec t the knowledg e o f these them selvesthese enactments • much more so, t han i f be closely studied by every Pe all relating to the d'mentot of aoraelsls,, the e r means of inter ested in shares in any company, h th • were placed ' before him. T r h so e n fir h s o t l o di f n t g h , es o e r shou l l s d . forfeiture of enforcing such payment, and t he shares for -payment, the remedies of creditors of the company, and n the mode of borrowing mo ney ; the conversion of o t the capital the paym of dividends and of bye-laws, the latorinadbnusttriinalintosnicoaifspsiital, and consolidation of stock into shares; the general meetings, and right of voting by share holders; the appointment and rotations of directors, their powers, proceedings, and liabilities ; the appointment and duties of auditors, the accountability of the officers of the parties . into- company, the keeping accounts, and the right of inspection thereof, the making so that aney settlement of disputes by arbitration, the giving of no tices, the proof of debts in bankruptcy and tender of awards the recovery of damages not specially provide d for, and penalties, and the provisions to be made f or affording access to the special Act by, a ll rested, are all clearly and distinctly set forth, person can at once acquaint himself with hi s rights and privileges, his duties and liabilities. The third statute relates to the co nstruction of the railway and the works connected t h erewith, in re cetYionmuosft other work s —f or ma ny Ynd liabi make, wh e th er t fe o re ge n ti c i e er, th w e i r th e to the,anpdowethrseirof restrictionsthe accommodation of adjacent lands—the se rv i ng of lities—pecuniatrhye notices—the making of bye -l a ws— regulating th e use o f the railway—the carrying of passengers and goods— orcebulypetnhseatcieonnstrtuh and other points respecting the enjoyment and use of the railway when constructed. The precedents, which are arranged under the following heads, viz.:— freeholds, copyholds, common or waste lands, lands in mortgage, rent charges, lands in lease, nominations of surveyors, valuations of surveyors, and nominations of trustees to receive compensation; arbitration; jury pro ceedings and miscellaneous instruments ; are stated to be adaptations of drafts framed under different railway Acts, passed before the Consolidation ActS came into opera, tion, and appear to us to thermcomise every subject likely t 9 om 9 Wore, and require .I. , 4 of the convey " The flow'ry May, who from her green lap throws The yellow cowslip, and the pale primrose," of Milton, to the " Ravenna" of Leigh Hunt, and our new-born favourite, " -The New Timon." The - author of " Rural Sonnets" continues his " Sonnets for the Times" in a spirit and with an ability that can scarcely fail to extend his popularity. ADVANCES TO IRISH RAILWAY COMPANIES. The following communication was read at a meeting of the'Waterford Relief Committee, on Friday, a reply to the memorial for a loan to the Waterford and Lime rick Railway Company. The Treasury, it thus appears, have declined to make any advances to railway compa nies ; but it is suggested that an application should be made to the Exchequer Loan Commissioners : " Treasury Chambers, April 29, 1846. " Sir—The Lord Commissioners of ber . Majesty's Treasury having had before them the memorial, signed by you as chairman of a public meeting of the citizens of Waterford, held on the lath inst., praying that a lean of public money may be made to the Waterford and Limerick Railway Company, to enable them to carry on without delay that undertaking, and thus afford relief to many of the labouring population during the present dis tress and scarcity, I have their Lordships' command to acquaint you, for the information of ' the memorialists, that my Lords do not consider it advisable to make ipe cial advances to railway companies who have undertaken to make railways on private accounts exclusively for.in dividual advantage. " It is open to those companies to raise money by calls on their subscribers, or by loans ; and on applica tion to the Commissioners for Exchequer Loans, their claims to receive 'a loan from the public funds, on the same :conditions and securities as the undertakers of other works of the same description, will be duly con sidered. • " I am, Sir, your obedient servant, " C. L. TREVELYAN. " The Mayor of Waterford." FATAL ACCIDENT TO A RESIDENT MAGISTRATE, On Saturday last Captain Duff, resident magistrate in Roscommon, was accidentally killed by the kick of a horse. The gallant officer had been several years in the army, and had seen much service. A year or two since he had been removed from Tipperary to the west of Ire land. Originally he bad been appointed a stipendiary magistrate by the Whigs, and he.bore the highest repu tation as a zealous and judicious officer. The following letter has been addressed to the editor of the Evening Mail by Mr. Osborne, M.P.:— " " Newtown-Anner, Clonmel, April 27, 18 46. Sir,—My attention has been drawn to a paragraph in the Dublin Evening Mail 'of the 27th ult., purporting Itobe an Extract of a letter from Clonmel."The ac counts contained therein of the proceedings which lately occurred in this vicinity are altogether misrepresented ; and the passage stating that' their (the mob) muc h to their hono ur , smashed the Captains windows, and tore up and destroyed the paling about the house,' does not contain a particle of truth. The said mob conducted themselves with perfect propriety, and never came within a mile of the house. Assuring you that 3ou have been imposed upon by your Clonmel Correspondent,' and trusting you will give this denial to the stateneat, I have the honour to be your obedient servant, " RALPH OSBORNE." REPEAL ASSOCIATION. The weekly meeting of the Repeal Association, held this day, was most numerously attended. Nearly all the members of the Parliamentary Committee at present in town were present. Amongst the more prominent were Mr. Maher, M.P., Mr. Daniel O'Connell, jtm., Captain Broderick, &c.;• there was likewise a strong mustering of the "Young Ireland" a h t e -l c a h w a . from chair was tak en b y William German, Esq., A long letter Barrister-at-law. a party.r r ste r- T Mr. O'Connell was read by the secretary; also a letter from Mr. Collett, M.P., enclosing t aty guineas as hisfirst subscription to the association, of which he was accordingly enrolled a member amidst great applause. The great topic of the there was a dif ference Mr. Smith O'Brien, on which subject meeting was the imprisonment of opinion, as the association would not com mit itself by expressing its full approbation of that lion. Gentleman's adopted : h owe ver, unanimously conduct. The following resolution was, "Resolved, That having learned the ommons country with deep regret that by a resolution of the House of t 1. r has bees deprived of the eminent member of this eminent services of William Smith O'Brien, and that him the as sociation himself committed to prison , we cannot allow this opportunity to pass without conveying to , and our assurance of our undiminished confidence in his integ rity, patriotism, and personal courag e admira tion for the high s ens e of duty and purity of purpose . which prompt e d hi m t o r i s k hi s p ersona l liberty in as sertion of a principl e w hi c h h e b e li eve d to be inherent in the constitution of his country." P p UCILISM IN CHINA. —The art of self-defance is r taught in Chi na . T racts are printed which would, in s probability, accompanied by their wood-cuts, amuse the fancy in England, though the Chinese have no pitched battles that we ever heard of. The first lesson for a Chinese boxer consists in winding his long tail round his head, stripping himself to the buff, then placing his right foot foremost, and with all his might giving a heaty thrust with his right fist against a bag suspended for that pur pose. He is directed to change hands and feet alternately, restraining his breath, and boxing the bag of sand right and left for hours together. The exercise the fancy call "thumping doWn walls and overturning parapets." In the second lesson the pugilist grasps in each hand a heavy mass of stone—and having stripped, and arranged his tail as before, he practices, thrust ing out at arms' length these weights, right and left, till lie is tired. This lesson is called " the g o ld en dragon thrusting out hisclaws." Next comes " a crow stretching out his wings"—a dragon issuing forth from his door —a drunken Chinaman knocking at your door —a hungry tiger seizing a lamb—a . hawk clawing a sparrow —a crane and muscle reciprocally embarrassed," and other specimens of fanciful nomenclature for divers feats of pugilism.— Sporting World. The latnbink time in the northern counties, for bred a heep, is now nearly over, and, from what can be l earnt, the present hs'sbeen a most prolific season, most of the ewes having had twins, 4114 Lui z~ t ancors WOO and for at A birth,_lfaccattleNrcourncfr, THE UNION. The Union for. May sustains the reputation of its pre decessors. We beseech the proprietors, however, as they hope for success, to eschew the abominable habit of continuations. There are three articles in this number, viz., " William Fleming, the Deal Boatman," the " Comparative View of the Rise and Progress of Liberty in England and France," and " Late for Lectures," to be continued. The articles on the German Universities, entitled the " Student Abroad," are con cluded in this number with a graphic account of student life in the University of Bonn. There is an excellent review of Fremont's Expedition to the Oregon, which we recommend to the perusal of all those who wish to know something about the territory at present in dis pute between Great Britain and America. The review can be read through in about half an hour, and it con tains a perfect resume of all that is known about the geography, topography, and natural history of the Oregon territory. The poetry of this number of the Union is very good. As a specimen we extract the following exquisite sonnet, which might pass for a recovered composition of Sir John Suckling:— How rosy fair my lady was to see, Cannot by my uncourtly words be told; • Rather a limping borrower let me be, A debtoz.to the master-minds of old. Of goldan,wires, or, captured sunbeams made, • Her lovely locks fell o'er a neck of snow; Her arched brows inclosed, in fringed shade, Two purple violets that slept below ! • Of reddest coral were her honied lips, (Guarding the pearly treasures of her mouth), Sweeter than rose-leaves where the young bee sips, In the far gardens of the sunny south I • - Yet when I would .my lost one liveliest call, Her voice of music comes back first of all ! TAI T'S. The article on " The Tariff and the Oregon," by an Englishman in America, contains a well digested account of the present condition of the United States, and the parties that unfortunately have been allowed to usurp the Government of the country. We fear there is but too much truth in the view which the writer takes of the populace, and the ruinous influence they have upon all statesmen not endued with virtuous principles, and, above all, moral courage. The mob, in fact, guide the destiny of the young 'Republic. ' The names of Wash ington, Jefferson, and others of the same class, are, to all appearance, revered, but they are revered as were the names of Brutus and Cassius, and others of the same school, when Rome was sunk in slavery, and the people only thought of indulging their grovelling appetites. " The plague of demagogues is upon the land—the com promises of the Constitution are trampled under foot— the tyranny of the numerical majority is complete." And in another place he says—" The tyranny of public opinion in this country paralyses the boldest hearts, and moral courage as a virtue is nearly extinct, in all the relations, public or private, of American life." This is a sad picture, but we believe it is true to the letter, and that America, of all places in the world, is the very last which a man of refined habits and independent mind would select for his residence. Mobs are the most cruel, the most unrelenting, and the most unjust of all tyrants. Some hopes are held out that the Senate will have the courage to resist both the mob and Polk, land the very long time they hare taken in coming to a decision is favourable to the opinion. "I am tolerably confident," says the writer, in summing up his remarks " that in a very short time a resolution would pass the Senate, recommending the Executive to adjust the matter peacefully and by com promise." We are surprised to see Tait devoting six or seven of his valuable pages to the miserable, trifling, and silly common-places of such a man as Dr. Carus. We have looked over the diary and can find not one original remark, except in the shape of an absurdity ; and as for correct information, it is totally out of the question. What are we to think of a German philosopher who, anxious to describe the mode of Presbyterian worship in Scotland, entered, not one of the kirks, but an episcopalian chapel, and with . much gravity passes censure on the dull monotony of the Calvanistic service ? He is fond of giving the sobriquet," Sombre Ecossais" to the Scotch man ; and, as his philosophy must find a reason for this sadness in the national countenance, he comes to the conclusion that the beheading of Mary Stuart did it all. The following are his words :—" That peculiar melancholy expression so often to be perceived in the Scotch, and which justifies the expression, Sombre Ecossais, has al ways seemed to be connected, as well as their moist and misty atmosphere, with the impression on the minds of the Scotch, that with the head of the unfortunate Mary fell too the crown of. Scotland, and was broken to pieces." The following are the concluding remarks on the "Posi tion and Prospects of Sir Robert Peel :" The crisis is an inviting one to a man of so much ambition as the Premier is known to be. The breaking up of old par ties has devolved mere influence on the great floating balance of shrewd quiet citizens, with no strong party predispositions, than has been witnessed at any earlier period of our history The more general diffusion of wealth and intelligence has made this element in society more extensive and stronger, independent altogether of the weakening of party combina tions, than it ever was before. Sections of society, too, have risen into political importance, with wants and wishes which the old hereditary distinctive measures of Whig or Tory can neither gratify nor discomfit. Common sense embodied in practical measures—legislative and administrative, for the real wants of the age, and with respectful, not slavish deference to its opinions —are what will establish a Ministry in office. Peel, certainly, has no claims to implicit confi dence; his juvenile antecedents are against him; but if he has not yet unreservedly devoted himself to the promotion of such a policy as Liberals could support, how stand the Whigs? While in power, they played fast and loose with the princi ples, by professing which they had acquired it. Of Peel it may be said, that his actions have been better than his bad professions ; of the Whigs, that their actions have been worse than their good professions. Neither have claims to our en tire confidence for the past ; it is the future of both that must decide. Peel, we have shown, stands on a vantage ground for this renewal of the contest : it remains to be seen whether he will have the clear-sightedness and intrepidity to avail himself of it. Mr. Cobden told him, not long ago, that in consequence of his free trade measures, he would find himself most popular in the manufacturing districts, were lie to visit them. The substitution of measures really capable of reliev ing Ireland, for coercion—the appointment of a Lord Lieu tenant, who, with the genial sympathies, and perhaps some thing of the theatrical dash of Lord Normanby, combined with higher intellect and sounder common sense—would render him equally popular in Ireland. The change impend ing in the leading political agents, and in the views and tem per of the popular party in that country, invites to the ex periment. The introduction of measures calculated to impose a check on the petulance of privileged sectarianism—to place the adherents of all religious sects more on a footing of social, as well as political equality —to unsectarianize public educa tion in the way least calculated to exasperate or grate on popular prejudices, would conciliate an important body of supporters throughout England and Scotland. And there is not one of these courses of policy which Sir Robert Peel might not adopt, with as much honour to himself, and augmentation of his influence over the sounder part of public opinion, as free trade. Nobody believes him to be imbued with sectarian prejudices; no one believes him fond of daring coe r cive, forcible measures. His opinions, an d natural disposition, alike incline him to rational and liberal modes of government. He has eman c ip a t e d hi mse lf from old party c onnexions step farther, and he may take new ones th at: one really historicald o him honour. The hour has come which must s t a m p his character. The next few months will determine whether he is to be handed down to posterity as a greater Minister than England ever had before him, or as one who almost became a great Minister." - UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE. The present Number opens with an elaborate review of Mr. Pearce's recently published biography of the Marquis of. Wellesley. This review, albeit occasionally tinctured with sectarian prejudice, is on the whole fairly written. " The Witch of Kilkenny," which follows, is a not altogether unsuccessful imitation of the glorious Ingoldsby Legends of poor Barham. " Ireland Sixty Years Ago" is continued in this Number of the Dublin University, and gives us most amusing accounts of the sayings and doings, the fun and the frolic, and con spiracies and persecutions, going on in the Irish metro • polis., just before the period of the union. From this article we extract the following account of a meeting of united Irishmen, with sketches of the three great leaders of that body, Theobald Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, and Archibald Hamilton Rowan:-- ‘' I entered college in the year 1791, a year rendered me morable by the institution of the society of United Irishmen. They held their meetings in an obscure passage, called Back lane, leading from Corn-market to Nicholas-street. The very aspect of the place seemed to render it adapted for cherishing a conspiracy. It was in the locality where the tailors, skinners, and curriers held their guilds, and was the region of the operative democracy. I one evening proceeded from college, and found out Back-lane, and having inquired for the place of meeting, a house was pointed out to me, that had been a hall in which the corporation of tailors held their assemblies. I walked in without hesitation—no one for bidding me —and found the society in full debate ; the Hon. Simon Butler in the chair. I saw there, for the first time, the men with the three names, which were now become so familiar to the people of Dublin—Theobald Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, and Archibald Hamilton Rowan. " The first was a slight, effeminate-looking man, with a hatchet face, a long aquiline nose, rather handsome and gen teel-looking, with la n k, straight hair combed down on his sickly red cheek, exhibiting a face the most insignificant and mindless that could be imagined. His mode of speakin g was in corresponden ce w i th his face and person. It was polite and gentlemanly, b ut totally devoid of anything like energy or vigour. I set him down as a worthy, as good-natured, flimsy P man in whom the re was no harmand the least likely person in the world t o d o mischief to the tote " Tandy was the very opposite looking character. a He w the ugliest man I ev e r gaze d on. He dark,haday llo " w truculent-looking counten ance , a long drooping nose r e ather , sharpened at the point, a n d th e muscles of his face, formed two cords at each side of it. He had a remarkable hanging down look, and an occasional twitching or convulsive motion of his nose and mouth, as if he was snapping at something on the side of him while he was speaking. " Not so Hamilton Rowan. I thought him not only the most handsome, but the largest man I had ever seen. Tone and Tandy looked like pigmies beside him. His ample and capacious forehead seemed the seat of thought and energy ; while with such an external to make him feared, he had a courtesy of manner that excited love and confidence. He held in - his hand a large stick, and was accompanied by a large dog. _ _ had not been long standing on the floor, looking at and absorbed in the persons about me, when I was perceived, and a whisper ran round the room. Some one went up to the president, then turned round, and pointed to me. The presi dent immediately rose, and called out that there was a stranger in the room. Two members advanced, and taking me under the arm, led me up to the president's chair ; and there I stood, to await the penalty of my unauthorized in trusion. I underwent an examination ; and it was evident, from the questions, that my entrance was not accredited, but that I was suspected as a government spy. The " bat talion of testimony," as it was called, as already formed, and I was supposed to be one of the corps. I, however, gave a full and true account of myself, which was fortunately con firmed by a member who knew something about me, and was ultimately pronounced a harmless gib,' and admitted to the honour of the sitting.' This article is followed by two reviews, the one of Hood's Poems, written in a warm-hearted congenial spirit, and the other a second article on the recently published life and correspondence of David Ilume, dis tinguished by its fairness and impartiality. We have then a biographical sketch of Sir Martin Archer Shee, illustrated by a portrait; after which William Carleton gives us the first four chapters of a tale of Irish famine, entitled the " Black Prophet." The l as t art i c l e in the Number is on the social condition of Ireland, and is just the sort of paper that might be expected from the pen of a clever and somewhat unscrupulous Orange partisan writer. SUGAR DUTIES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sut,—The Gazette of last Friday quotes the average price of West India sugar at 365. 7d. per cwt. Sugars, quality for quality equal to this West India sugar, the produce of Cuba, Porto Rico, and other foreign possessions, may be roadily bought at 20s. per cwt., showing a difference of six teen shillings and sevenpence per cwt. (or 214 d. per lb.) by the time it reaches the actual consumer. This immense gain, this fraudulent fruit of monopoly, goes directly from our pockets to those of the British saga:. producers. One shilling per cwt. paid in excess of what Havannah, Brazil, and other sugars will command, is equi valent to 250,000/. ; or four millions sterling and upwards on the annual quantity, at 16s. 7d. per cwt., of sugar con sumed in the country. West India sugar is here particularised, because the planters in those colonies are the only parties who can or do set up even a shadow of pretence to a just claim to be pro tected by a differential duty, and they only can do so on the plea that they are obliged by the conditions of the law to yield to certain differential duties in favour of other British colonies in the purchase of their food and lumber. The West Indians send home about a moiety of the sugar consumed in the United Kingdom, and in order that they may receive two millions sterling we, the consumers, are compelled to pay four. Monopoly invariably operates in this clumsy and partial manner. W hat does the Government propose to do to abate the expensive nuisance? Why next to nothing ! Sir Robert Peel has given notice that he means to reduce the differential duty on free labour sugar (about 10,000 tons) 3s. 6d. per cwt., maintaining the absurd fiscal distinction between free and slave labour sugars. The West Indians, who have been told to rest perfectly quiet under this attempt to impose upon us, actually chuckle in the hope that Sir Robert will be enabled to carry his project. No one knows better than Sir Robert Peel that the way to deal with the sugar question 'would be to abolish the ridiculous lawS which oblige the planters in the West Indies, by differential duties, to purchase their food and lumber of other British colonies. Let him allow these planters to buy their supplies in the cheapest markets, and thereby sweep away all grounds to their claim to protection, especially' seeing, as he must do, that in the end the home consumers of West India sugar have to pay the piper. How much wiser would it have been in the 240 Protec tionists in the House of Commons, both as relates to their own breeches' pockets and to those of their tenants and de pendents, to have insisted upon the abolition of all protecting duties, including those levied for the supposed benefit of the colonies, prior to the annihilation of the corn-laws, so that they themselves, their tenants, and others had had time to lay in their stock of necessary articles at the unprotected price, before they were either of them compelled to sell their produce on the like terms, rather than stand out, interrupting the commerce of the country, by striving after the retention of a monopoly which they must have felt months since was doome4 to the tomb of the Capulets. Had they manfully stood upon that point, they would have had some degree of justice on their side, and enjoyed besides just as many opportunities of abusing Sir Robert Peel as they have had ; but it was not their good fortune to be so prudent—in lieu of pursuing a course similar to that described, however, it is reported in Mincing-lane these gentlemen are prepared to vote for as much protection as their united energies can obtain for all colonial produce. Protection, they say, is their principle, and therefore they will exert themselves to maintain the slightest vestige of it ; to be sure, the valiant promise was made to the West Indians before the first division on the corn-laws ; that may have taught them to moderate their tone, and look more closly to their own interests and to those of their dependents. As the planters of the British sugar.• producing settlements ship various qualities of sugar, and are likely to be placed in active competition with foreign producers, it would be but justice, as I pointed out in a previous letter, to impose an ad valorem duty on all classes of sugar ; so that the West Indians, who send to market very inferior qualities to the Whith Havannah, &c., should only pay a duty according to the worth of their sugar.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, B. S. R. SHORT TIME. Mr. Eccles, a manufacturer in the neighbourhood of Blackburn, who is favourably disposed to the Short Time Bill, and who has been trying the experiment of working eleven hours instead of twelve, communicates the following to the Blackburn Standard as the result:— " I find that the result of my late trial of working eleven in place of twelve hours, is gxactly the same as that of Messrs. Horrocks, Miller, and Co., of r a r.e et s on o l and also of Messrs. Greggs, of Bollington—saY 14 " 7i per cent. 'of work. " Now I am bound to say that this le loss thanl expected, or than "swiss "itg a ob ni el u ie e v h e, greater would be the result, both from pa st experience (as referred to in my former letter), andfrom the conviction of those in n; employ who were desirous of trying the plan. T , linay explain to you that my machinery is now all on the self-acting principle, and is consequently moved by the steam-engine, and therefore is much less dependent on manual labour than the hand -mules ; and it was to these I had reference in my former address. " Allusion has often been made to Messrs. Gardner's works, of Preston—(l believe a well-conducted and very orderly establishment)—but, if I mistake not, there are no self actors there at all. Now, it is well known, that the cost and fixing of self-acting mules is nearly, if not quite, double that of hand mules ;:and they dispense with, what will be acknowledged by all persons conver sant with the matter, the most arduous employment in cotton-mills. " It is quite clear, therefore, that this great addi tional outlay must be employed, in order to produce a fair return for the capital laid out. Of course, if I could not produce the usual quantity of work, the piece hands could not get the same wages, and the loss to me, in paying the usual standing wages to all daily hands, managers, and book-keepers, and others, was much more than any prudent man could submit to, especially in times like the present, which, I am sorry to say, have not improved since my last letter was written. " The loss in spinning was greater than in weaving, but in consequence of starting some new looms, and altering others, at the time, I could not draw a fair com parison of the difference. " A s to the real merits of the principle, I am still of opinion that it is exceedingly desirable to abridge the hours of factory labour, if prcticable ; and I sincerely trust that if the present measures of Government are carried out ; and other restrictions and, high duties, such as those on sugar, &c., B‘c., and the nearly 300 per cent. duty on teas are reduced, and manufacturers can have a fair chance of exchanging their productions, on a solid and legitimate basis, with other countries ; that then many of them would gladly curtail the hours of labour. It is not possible for a few scattered individuals to accomplish this object, however desirous they may be ; but I do not regret having given it a trial. " I might also add, were it necessary, that having a large quantity of yarn to buy at the present time, it seemed somewhat strange purchasing yarn by manual labour of twelve hours per day, and my own self-actors standing, after working only eleven hours, and not having produced the quantity I anticipated. " On returning again to twelve hours, I caused th e following notice to be read in my mills:— " It would have been a source of great pleasure to me to have continued the plan of short time, but I find that there is a much greater diminution of work than I expected or believed would be the case. " As a natural consequence of this I could not meet other manufacturers in the market on the same terms, unless the wages were reduced, and this I should not like to have done. _ " Whenever the feeling shall become general tore - duce the hours of labour to eleven hours a day, I shall be very glad to do it.' " I am, yours, very respectfully, " JOSEPH ECCLES." " Mill Hill, 23rd Ap r il, 1846. RIEMBAUER ; the GERMAN PRIEST (From Tait's Edinburgh Magazine.) The real history of Riembauer embodies a more severe attack upon the religion of which he was a minister, than volumes written to expose the principles and practices of the Jesuits. He is described as a man of superior abilities and learning, who in different places performed the functions of a parish priest with much honour to himself From the commencement of his ecclesiastical career, he was so remarkable for his talents and virtues as to be held up as a model to other priests. His stately figure and handsome face, his persuasive eloquence and insinuating manners, gained him general good will. He performed his clerical duties with punctuality, dignity, and grace, and his outward demeanour was decorum itself. His leisure hours—at least until his removal to Pirkwang, where the pur c h ase o f a small property involved him in agricultural pursuits, were pas se d i n reading and study. And when those priests to whom he was attached as chaplain, expressed their admiration of his zeal and learning, he replied that this was the proper calling of the clergy, who ought not to concern themselves with worldly affairs. His preaching was dis tinguished for fire and unction, and out of church, as well as in it, he declaimed against the corruptions of the world; his soft words and gentle manners seemed those of a saint living in communion with God, and in charity with his neighbour. He always walked out of church smiling, with his head on one side, his eyes half closed and fixed upon the ground, and his hands folded. Riembauer was, however, even thus early suspected, both by some of his brethren and of his penitents, and also by some prudent fathers and husbands, who, though highly honoured by the visits of so holy a man, took good care to keep their wives and daughters out of his way. His life was most licentious, and the most profli gthaeteploiwbeerrtsi,neasmiunstthheavoeppyoierltdu,n?dititeos t w h h is ich hyp he ocri ha te d , in f In seductio n. order to quiet the conscience ho encetnid secure the fidelity of those concubines with whom l rs perform the mar led to live for any length of tim e , Ri embauer used t o riage service over th and his bride grog Catherine knecht asserted that, hidden b e hi nd Riembauer'sraubeend", she witnessed the strange espousals of her sister Mag. dalena ; that Riembauer repeated all the usual prayers and exhortations, and placed a gold wedding-ring on her sister's finger. Anna Weninger said that the same thing took place at her union with him, but was not sure whether the priestly bridegroom performed the cere mony clad in his stole and with burning candles or not. He himself denied having thus profaned his sacred func tions, but confessed that he had instructed his mistresses in the duties of the married state, and then given and received a formal promise. He was very earnest in persuading his female penitents that they might safely permit themselves certain sins with the saints of the Lord. Without having read Moli‘re, Riembauer thoroughly understood not only how to sin in secret, and to appear before the world as a saint, but also how to keep an ami cable account with heaven for sins already committed or to be committed hereafter. For his own sake, Riembauer endeavoured to keep the women he debauched quiet, by providing for them and their children, and the failure of this, in one instance, led to the horrible murder of which he was convicted a good many years after its perpetration. He was living at a farm, of which he had defrauded the owners, with a daughter of the family as his mistress, when a girl, named Anna Eichstadter, by whom be had had a child, came to implore that he would keep his promise of taking her home as his housekeeper, and dismiss his present mistress. He took her up stairs to his chamber, deliberately cut h er t h roat, and afterwards buried the ' body in a kind of closet or out-house below. From infatuation and cupidity, he kept the murdered girl s umbrella and some other articles, but, besides this, the most complete proof brought home the crime to him, in spite of his attempts to implicate innocent persons. His ingenious casuistry and the subtlety of his pleadings may remind the English reader of the defence of Eugene Aram. At length he made a clean breast, or as much of the truth was dragged out of him as can ever be ob tained on this side of Time. He said : His motive of the crime was the dread least Anna Eichstadter should unmask him before the world, rob him of his honour and good name, and ruin his prospect of preferment. Anna declared, said Riembauer, " when I met her at Rattisbon that she would not depart from me. I represented to her most strongly that it was impossible for me to take her, but all in vain. My position, my reputaion, everything that was sacred and dear to me, would be endangered by her coming to Lauterbach. I thought within myself, ' What is to be done should she come!' and I suddenly remem bered the maxim laid down by Father Benedict Stattler in his Ethica Christiana, according to which it is l aw f u l to deprive another of life, when honour and reputation cannot be otherwise maintained, for honour is of higher value than life, and the law of necessity holds good against those who attack our honour, as much as against robbers. I thought over this maxim, which Professor St— used formerly to explain to us young ecclesiastics in his lectures; and finding that it exactly applied to my own predicament, I took it as my dictamen practicust. My honour, thought I, will be lost, should this wicked woman come to Lauterbach and carry her threat into execution. I shall be suspended by the consistory, my property will be forfeited, and my name will become a reproach and a byword throughout the diocese. Al though I had considered this maxim of Stattler's for some time past, and applied it to my own position, still it was but an idea, and I had not yet formed any plan for putting it in practice." He goes on, to tell, that when he got the girl up into his room, he went down stairs under pretence of pro curing some beer for her, and brought up a br ea d-k n if e and his razor. The unhappy girl, he asserted, at this moment reiterated her demands with great violence and many threats of denouncing him to justice and before the consistory, and of publishing his true chararter everywhere. At this critical moment Father Stattler's maxim again recurred to his mind, and he seized the bread-knife and stabbed Eichstadter with it on the right side of her throat, but finding the knife too blunt, he dropped it, and she endeavoured to defend herself. He then held her by the throat, gave her a heavy blow on the back of her head, thrust his fingers into her mouth, and tried to choke her, exhorting her in the meantime, to repentance and confession, as she must die. She replied by earnestly entreating him to spare her life. " Then," said he, " I took the razor out of my pocket, embraced her from behind, and with my right hand put the blade to her throat, while with my left I forced it into her windpipe. I instantly perceived by her sobs that I had made a deep incision, and I dropped the razor. She remained stand ing for three or four minutes, during which I said to her, Mariandel, I pray to God and you for pardon ; you would have it so. Pray to God for forgiveness of your sins, and I will give you absolution.' I accordingly gave it her, as it was in casu necessitatis. She tottered, as if her knees were failing under her, and I took her under the arms, and let her down gently ; for a few minutes longer I gave her religious consolation as she lay on the floor, till she began to kick and struggle, and presently she breathed her last. There is something horribly burlesque in the idea of the murderer, his hands reeking with her blood , giving absolution to his victim, which carries more powe rf ul p ul_ est re futation of certain doctrines as to the o ffi ces of . h p ri est, heldtoo, is laid bare, Ites, than too,, training R o o f m a an rg is u t m s and ent. co s n o te m n e d t e h d io f g o o chy sp Pusey more than equivocal in that sys te m cling to the refuge of l w ie b s ic w h hi leci ch t th t e m ori f o r eee d tch , w a in re h an te e n s d ai t° e d d w t e o re fin g t d in iu t g he hi b m ook to s and the au judgment. Sometimes he would quote the doctrine that all means are justified by the end ; and would prove that his pur pose being noble, his action could not be criminal. "I had no object but that of preventing the many evils and sins arising from public scandal, and of upholding the honour of the clergy and the reverence due to my sacred calling. Had I not stood in such high consideration with the people, I might more readily have submitted to the disgrace. But I foresaw that the discovery of my crime would bring with it a train of evils ; that many men would henceforth think all sins permitted ; some would cease to believe in God, others would no longer hold anything sacred." Thus this foul murder was committed by a priest for * the glory of Sod ;'! and, in concluding his confession, though prevaricating and lying as long as possible, he said, " I have nothing further to tell of this sad story, save my silent grief and sorrow, and that I have applied frequent masses for the soul of Anna Eichstadter,"—for the soul of her to whom he had administered absolution in her dying agony ! This man was not executed—that might n dh e a m v e n b e r d o t u o g s h e t v a e r s e t stigma s n o the e p n r i t e i s n t h a o o f d, or — t r b e u s st for w ij a f s e . c o such be the fearful religious delusions of a man of great intellect and erudition like Riembauer, need we be sur prised at the following trait of another criminal, a turner of Augsburg—the scene of many of the crimes recorded, who murdered a poor char-woman, in whose house he lodged, in the hope of obtaining some trifle of money which she was supposed to possess. Among other things found upon him was a y robbers, tattered pocket-book, containing a remarkable document printed in the form of a patent at Cologne, and adorned with the effigies of a number of Saints ; it purpo e , to n be b a r ol letter 21 down to earth by the archange l Michael, granting f l it , written from heaven byJesus Ch rib sthsel fd absolution patent ral w l s e i l n l s w a e n r d thyo crimes , be worn ro however horrible • ' in short, a thieves and murderers. The guilt of this man was corroborated by one of those remarkable circumstances which confirm the saying that "murder will not hide. While cutting up the body of the murdered woman to throw it into a hole in the ceiling of a loft of her house, a brass ring which ha wore on his little finger, had been rubbed off, and it lodged in the bend of the elbow of the corpse. Thertp the " tell-tale ring" was found when the body was die covered and examined. When this ring, with several other articles, was shown to the murderer, he, little guessing where it had been found, at once claimed it as a ring which he had long worn, and had accidentally lost, he knew not how, some weeks before. BE TOWER.—On Monday next, the places of the old Tower constables and watchmen will be supplied and their func tions superseded by a detachment of the metropolitan police, drafted from the H division, and consisting of thirteen men and a sergeau.*: Who will have charge Of ordnanis atom, the setel, and the of the fertireek T E LONDON, PCIU'RSDAILMOANING, MAY 7, 1846.