The Sun. — London, England, 1852-12-28 00:00:00

THE COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL merciaftravellers would but do their duty, the sum ne. cessary to provide permanently for the education of the desired number, 123 children, would soon be raised. Several clergymen of the Church of England had in a most commendable manner devoted their pulpits to the cause of their institution. Collections had been thus raised after two discourses, amounting to 1501. The Archbish o p o f Canterbury had promised to preach in favour of the institution at Bow Church on the 31st o , March, and he hoped on that occasion to see the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs and others present. He should ob• serve that the. National Mercantile Life Assurance Com pany, the Goldsmith's Company, and the city of London, had severally contributed 100 guineas to their institu tion, and that during the pant year Mrs. Caffley, bad obtained the enrolment of sixty-eight annual subscribers. He (Mr. Moore) remembered what Mr. Nicholson had once said to him, " George, the more you give, the more you will get." He believed him. (Cheers.) He be lieved, further, that the only pleasure that did not wear, out was the pleasure of doing good, and with these: marks he would commend the Commercial Travellers' Orphan Schools to their warm support. The subscriptions were shortly afterwards stated, to amount to upwards of 7001. The musical arrangements of the evening were under the direction of Mr. Ransford, assisted by Miss Bans ford, Mr. W. E. Ransford, and Mr. Perren. Mr. Harker Was an efficient toast-master, and the entire proceedings Were in accordance with the usual taste and liberality of the London Tavern. . is tt UPIIS'S SPIIR.—At the "Queen's House," in Lynd ;""A, is p reserve d a curious relic of antiquity (boast',', m g , Perhaps, a muc h more venera bl e age than it has any claim sta n ; e l o ath of to ) called " Rufus's sti rru p." It h as th e f orm o f a l liP, of v ery l arge di mensions, of steel, with an appear ahec l gilding o r l ac k er on some parts of i t, the loop for t e i of metal.er being in a horizontal instead of vertical plate of that A doubt is suggested as to its being a stirrup date, o n the ound that metal stirrups were then unknown in En gland, Is this so ? The common tradition which assigns It the Red Monarch conne c t s It a l so with the cruel ``"atom of "depeditation" practised on mastiffs and large d oh 4 fo_und in the forest. It was said to be the test of a harmlessness that he was small enough to pass , thfo n B ol 6 the stirrup If he could not pass the ordeal he sv ae . • carried befo i re the ranger, and " depeditated" by means of a mallet and chisel. The latter part of the process is d escribed with minuteness the chronicler of the forest la ws, who by , however no mention of the test. — Notes and Queries. , makes ANTICIPATED CONFLAGRATION OF ROME. —Dr. Cum ming, in his " Apocalyptic Sk . tche ," and m any authors, have asserted, as their i other will be destroyed by nterpretation of some th;sparts of the Apoctlypse, that Rome fire from heaven, or swallowed up by e arthquakm or overwhelmed with destruction by volcanoes, as visi ble punishment of the Almighty for its Popery and its crimes. lam unwilling to deduce any argument of thi s kind f rom t h e prophecies which are unfulfilled but I beheld everywhere--in Rome, near Rome, and through the whole country of Italy from Rome to Naples —the most astounding proofs, not merely of the possibility, but of the exceeding probability, that the whole region of central Italy will one day suffer under such a catas trophe. The soil of Rome is tufa, of a volcanic origin ; the smell of the sulphur, which we found to be most ars - agreeable, must be the result of volcanic subterranean action still going on, At Naples, the boiling sulphur is seen bubblinr, near the s ur f ace of the earth. When I a stick' along upon the ground, the sulphureous followed the indentation ; and it would never se me to hear of the utter destruction of the entire gula of Italy.—Towasend's Journal of a Tour. HINT TO OYSTER-EATERS. —When too many oysters been incautiously eaten, and are felt lying cold and • on the stomach, we have an infallible and imme -- remedy in hot milk, of which have-a-pint may be ' ~. 4r' k, and it - will quickly _di ssolve the oysters into a 4 1. ;... t qis ,d, cr eamy j e l ly. Weak and consumptive persona , ould always take this after their meal of oysters.—Dr. The anniversary of this excellent institution was cele brated last evening by a dinner at the London Tavern, the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor presiding. It may be desbable on the present occasion briefly to narrate the origin of the Travellers' Orphan Schools. With the ex ception of the road-side inns, and the coachmen and guards of the old four-in-hand, no class suffered more severely from the formation of railways than the "commer cial gentlemen," i. e., those of the commercial body who represented the houses who carried on business on the principle of "the good old times." A guinea a day for expenses, and a stay of four or five days or a week in a town, was equivalent to the commercial traveller of fif teen or twenty years ago of chops fir breakfast, a sirloin of' beef and a bottle of wine for dinner, and a devilled turkey for supper. These things, however, became changed by the formation of railways. Travellers were more numerous; less expenses were allowed ; the "com mispion" principle was adopted, and travellers, like all other people, must conform to the spirit of the times. The change in the position of the commercial traveller became not less marked than that of the " helm " of the stage coach, who, from levying ls. each from a dozen or twenty passengers for conducting them safely to the end of as many miles, now finds himself the driver of a London omnibus, earning 30s. or 40s. aweek. The commercialtra roller was in many respects found indeed to be in a worse position than the knight of the whip. The "commission" principle rendered it necessary that he should earn " his dinner and pint of wine" before he could consume them ; but if it should so happen that his orders taken proved " bad debts," he must be content to have his dinner and pint of wine deducted at the "settling day." All these things rendered the position of the " commercial travel ler" one of uncertainty. Hence, some half-dozen years singe, some gentlemen conne c t e d w ith comme rce , an d who had had the experience of a traveller's life, formed the idea of establishing a school for the orphans of com mercial travellers. The idea was an excellent one, and it has prospered in a remarkable degree. The institu tion now numbers nearly 100 scholars, who are educated and clothed, and otherwise supported in a most suitable and praiseworthy manner, and has become one of the permanently-established benevolent institutions of the metropolis. On the present occasion the Lord Mayor presided, supported by the Sheriffs of the City, Mr. M. Mikes, M.P., Mr. Waddington, M.P., Mr. Geo rge Moore, the Rev. Dr. Mortimer, tic., sec. In proposing the toast of "Prince Albert and the rest of the Royal Family," his lordship observed that his Royal Highness cad a heart as large as any gentleman present, and he was sure that it was his Royal Highness's desire to enable them to enter on the principle of unrestricted competition—(a laugh) —upon which they had entered, by encouraging everything that conduced to the pro motion of education• and science. (Cheers.) In pro posing the next toast, his lordship called the attention of the company to the picture in the gallery, where they saw about 80 or 90 as interesting boys and girls as were ever assembled. It had been said by Mr. Moore that 15,000/. was wanted to place their institution on a proper basis, of which sum 10,000/. had been raised ; and he did not. wish them to consider how they should contribute a shilling extra, but 'how they should raise the 5,000/. (Cheers.) He felt that the desired sum might speedily be raised if the members of the great mercantile firms and their travellers would contribute, as was their duty. It had been said that there were in the kingdom 30,000 commercial travellers, and he could only say that, if such was the case, many commercial travel lers ought to be ashamed of themselves that they had not yet contributed to the funds of this society. The necessity for the establishment of an institution of this kind must be apparent. In the first place, a commercial man must be taken very much from his home, and, ther'e fore, could not superintend the education of his children. In the next place, it was requisite that he should be a man of superior abilities, and of high integrity. • And, in the third place, as generally devoting his energies to the services of persons of great wealth, it was felt that he had a great claim upon their sympathy. (Cheers.) It had been his (the Lord Mayor 4 lot to see the widows of some of the highest and wealthiest mercantile men reduced to poverty, and it was clearly the duty of all who had been more favoured by Providence to contribute tathe relief of those who had experienced adversity. The list of subscriptions was then annognsed, which included the following :—Mr. Brown, of the• firm of Morrison, Dillon & Co.", 20 guineas ; and Mr. Nicholson, 50 guineas. The children who are being educated in the society's school during the announcement of the sub scriptions passed round the room. Their appearance evidently excited much admiration, not unmixed with feelings of sympathy. Mr. WADDINGTON, M.P., congratulated the company that all religious and political feeling had been merged on the occasion of the establishment of the Com mercial Travellers' Orphan School, and that the only unrestricted competition (laughter) —in which they were embarked was that of vieing with each other who should do the greatest amount of good. (Cheers.) The LOAD MAYOR said he would reciprocate the sen timent of his honourable Protectionist friend. Although they differed - upon political questions, he was sure that they did not differ in this respect—in the desire, " To cast all care and sorrow round, Till not an aching heart be found." (Cheers.) The question before them was the money question—ca laugh)—and how they shozild raise the ways and means of carrying on their institution as they Wished, It was an important question, for but for the money question Disraeli would never have gone out, and other persons would never have come in. (Laughter.) As an illustration of what could be done, he might men tion that Miss Tance and Misses Alice and E. Dance had collected the handsome sum of 1791. during the past year in support of their institution. Mr. MONCKTON MILNES said that all pa/ties having now agreed to travel on that great high road of commer cial truth, free trade and unrestricted competition— (laughter) —he hoped that it would never be asked whether a man came to this conclusion in this month or in that month— (cheers)—but that they should hence forward act harmoniously together. The body of com mercial travellers were to their employers what the Go vernment of this country were to the people. He could remember the time when he had travelled by the stage coach in company with the commercial traveller, and how he had thus acquired much information which had been of service to him in future years. The LORD MAYOR, in proposing the health of Mr. George Moore, designated him as the Milton and Shak spere of their schools. Mr. MOORE returned thanks. He said that of the 15,0001. required for the institution, 10,6001. had been already raised. Twenty-one acres of land had been pur chased, and the building for their schools had been con tracted for under the most judicious and advantageous terms. During the past year the ag ent of their institu tion had collected 1,600/. in Manch ester; and in Liver pool, Glasgow, and another place, each 700/. The in come of the society during the past year had been 4,6001. against an expenditure of little more than 3,000/. , • so that if the great mercantile houses and com -460 \ ;ire e t ; • smoke , ris ; A insi A H b. 4 7.1 diater: ENCE. SOUTHWARK.—Tohn Davidson, an engine-driver in the employment of the South-Eastern Railway Com pany, was brought before Mr. A'Beckett, charged with being drunk and incapable of performing his duty, and refusing to leave the engine when desired to do so by the station-master. Mr. Church, the solicitor of the company, attended for the purpose of prosecuting the charge. Henry Laing, inspector of trains in the employ of the South-Eastern Railway Company at the London-bridge terminus, stated that on Friday evening the defendant was about to start as driver of a train to Woolwich, when he (witness) asked him if he intended taking 14 carriages down the line to that place. There were 14 carriages attached to the engine at that time, and the defendant replied that he did not, when witness desired him to uncouple one of the carriages in front, and for that purpose it was necessary for the defendant to move into a siding. Instead, however, of doing this, when witness called out as usual, "Alright for Woolwich," the meaning of which was that the defendant was name diately to have moved the engine to the siding, prepa ratory to going off, he set the engine in motion, and started for Woolwich with only two carriages attached, instead of eleven more. Witness was surprised at the circumstance, but the defendant was out of sight before he had time to prevent such an occurrence, and he (witness)• immediately proceeded to telegraph to the New-cross Station, in order that the de fendant might be sent back again. When witness afterwards left the telegraph-office, and had re turned to the platform, he found the defendant had returned on the engine with the two carriages, and he then spoke to him on the subject of his negligence on the occasion, and he (witness) then observed that he was under the influence of liquor, and having represented the fact to the station-master, the defendant was subse quently prevented from acting as driver to the engine and given into custody. Witness added that he was present and heard the defendant use language of an im proper description to the station-master, when the latter. expressed his intention not to allow a man in the condi tion he was in to act as engine-driver to the train. De fendant started three minutes before his time. By Mr. Church— Owing to the defendant having started off with the engine in the way he did, a collision might have taken place with the Greenwich train. Cross-examined by defendant's solicitor —Witness did not ring the starting bell for the Woolwich train before the defendant went off on the engine. He appeared to be drunk when he returned with the train, a circum stance which witness did not previously observe, not having such an opportunity. Was not aware that the defendant had come up from Stroud a short time pre viously, nor did he know how long defendant had been in the company's service. The eleven carriages defen dant left behind him when he started off for Woolwich had a number of passengers in them, but the two he had with him attached to the engine had only a few pas , sengers. Bainbridge, in the employ of the company, stated that he saw the defendant on the evening in question, both before and after his return to the platform. Witness heard the words that passed between the defendant and the first witness, and afterwards saw him when h. came back on the engine. When first witness saw him he did not appear to be drunk, but when he came back with the engine he (witness) perceived that he wag flurried, and heard him insist on driving the engine to Woolwich against the orders of the station-master. By Mr. Church—When first witness saw defendant, he did not appear to be in liquor ; but he (witness) was of a different opinion when he returned with the engine. Mr. A'Beckett—You say that 20 minutes before the defendant returned to the platform he seemed sober, and that afterwards, when he came back with the engine, he seemed flurried. What other symptoms did he exhibit besides those you mention ? Witness—l was near enough to smell his breath, "and it smelt as if he had been drinking porter. He did not, so far as I could judge, appear sober. Mr. Weatherhead, the station-master, was then exa mined, and he stated, that on being apprised on the even ing in question of what had occurred, as above des cribed, he went on the platform, and seeing the defend ant on the engine, he spoke to him and called him down, He then remarked that the defendant was not sober, and told him that he had been drinking. Defendant, however, denied that he had ; when witness repeated that he was convinced he had ; and, at the same time, expressed his determination that the defendant should not endanger the lives of the passengers by acting as driver of the train. Defendant said he would go, and jumped from the platform on to the engine ; and witness in order to prevent a man in his condition from driving the engine, was compelled to employ force to get him down again. When he was dragged down, the de fendant began to abuse him,"called him a liar, and ex claimed that he was as sober as he. was. The train was detained upwards of ten minutes beyond its usual time, and witness was compelled to procure another engine-driver, and also another fireman for the train ; as the one who accompanied the defidant was also in liquor. By Mr. Church : owing to the detention of the train, arising from the defendant's negligence, a risk was in curred of a collision taking place on the line. Mr. Church ; could the defendant have been aware that at the time he left the terminus only two carriages instead of thirteen were attached to the engine ? Witness : If he was sober, as he is now at the bar, he would have been enabled to judge whether he had only two or thirteen, carriages attached. Any experienced driver would have discovered it very soon by the differ ence in the propulsion required by an engine drawing a heavy and a light train of carriages. Cross-examined : Defendant had been four years in the employ of the company . . Never saw him drunk before. Mr. A'Beckett—What reason have you for stating that the defendant was intoxicated ? Witness—His ap pearance, language, and conduct altogether led me to believe he was drunk ; but at all events he was in that state that I should not consider myself justified in per mitting him to act as driver to the t ra i n . Mr. Church suggested that, if it met with the magis trates approbation, they would not press the charge of drunkenness, but that• of interfering with, and being insolent to, the station-master in the execution of his duty. _ _ Defendant's solicitor said, as the charge of drunken ness was withdrawn, his client pleaded guilty to the other charge, and expreSsed his contrition for it. - Mr. A'Beckett said the charge of intoxication was not in his estimation, satisfactoiily proved, and as it involved a serious amount of punishment on a person holding the responsible situation of ,the defendant, in the event of a conviction, he (the magistrate) therefore should not, under the circumstances, deal with him for that offence, for, if the case =was clear on that point, he s h ou ld h ave no hesitation in sentencing him to the full penalty for it. As the case at present stood, if the company wished they might take it to the sessions ; but, on the contrary, if they desired that he should summarily deal with the defendant, he should at once consent to their wishes on the subject. Mr. Church, on the part of the company, expressed their satisfaction at the magistrate's decision, whatever it might be ; and added that the defendant had been dis missed from his situation in their employment. Mr. A'Beckett—Then I shall inflict a penalty of 51. on the defendant, and, in default of payment, commit him for two months to gaol. WESTMINSTER.—On the 30th ult. the proprietor and corps dramatique of a " Penny Theatre, in York street, Westminster, were brought before Mr. Arnold to answer for playing without a licence. The proceedings had been taken by direction of the magistrate, owing to it having on several occasions transpired that children committed petty thefts in order to raise money to visit the "gaff." Evidence having been given, showing that a ballet of acti on , as it was t erme d, entitled The Ice Witch, was represented, Mr. Arnold ordered a conviction to be recorded against the parties, but, on the understanding that the place should be closed, suspended judgment, and the defendants were liberated upon entering into their recognizances to come up for sentence whenever called upon. The police had directions to keep an eye upon the place, and having reported that the place was still open nightly, although the " entertainment" had been varied, so as, if possible, to avoid the statute, Mr. Ar nold determined upon enforcing the law, at least against Thomas Cornelius Glover, the proprietor, and Reuben Watts, who appeared to be taking an active part in the concern under him. Summonses were accordingly issued, requiring the attendance of those two, and Reuben Watts w as conv i cte d i n t h e penalty of 40s. ; the other, however, was not forthcoming, and divers dodges were resorted to, to evade the law. By dint, however, of considerable trouble, process was personally executed upon Glover, who now appeared before the magistrate. Mr. Roberts appeared on his behalf, and wanted to show that Glover had no control over the premises, he having let them some time before his conviction. Mr. Arnold was not to be jockeyed in this way. Ile could not consider how for a moment such a thing could be, as the ownership was not disputed when Glover was charged and convicted. On the contrary, the defence set up was, that he thought he was justified as he had her Majesty's trumpeters' licence, and it was on this plea that the conviction was merely recorded, but with a most perfect understanding that if the place were not shut up he would be called up for judgment. The case had been clearly proved against Glover before the con= viction, and all he now had to do was to pass sentence. The defendant was fined 201., to be levied by distress warrant upon his goods, and in default three months' imprisonment. YORKSHIRE WINTER GAOL DELIVERY.—SIIMMARY or THE SENTENCES.—On Wednesday night last the business of the winter gaol delivery was brought to a conclusion, and the trials of the several prisoners-125 in number—Presented the following results :—To be hanged, 2 ; death recorded, 7 ; transported for 20 years, 3 ; for 15 years, 4 ; for 10 yea r s, 10 ; f or 7 years, 13 ; imprisoned forlB months, 3 ; for 12 months, 15 ; for 9 months, 2 ' for 6 month s , 5 ; f or 4 mont h s, 1 ; f or 3 months, 4; for 2 months, 5 ; for one month 1 ; for 14 days, 1 ; for 7 days, 2 ; admitted evidence, 2 ; removed by certiorari quitted, 34. , 1 ; no p rosecut i on, 4 ; no bills, 6 ; ac- THE FLOODS. —Another life has been lost near Wind sor in consequence of the floods. On Christmas-eve a ac c u o th parents reside at Eto n , a w in h taMe, went to spe n d th e even om p n a a n m ied ed by lvi a un , 4; ing their return at the house oh a mutual friend residi ng a t D atc h et. On they parted not far from that village, and Munday, contrary to the advice of hi s f r i en d , pro ceeded by a lane which communicat with the turnpike road near Eton College. The lane was then about twelve wa s but Munday did not return home that night. On the following morning search was made, and he was found up to the chest in a ditch by the side of the lane quite dead, POLIO THE _SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 28, 1852. DECLARATION OF THE MANCHESTER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. The following very important paper, bearing the sig nature of Mr. Bazley, as President of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures, and issued by " order and on behalf of the directors" of that body, has been made public in Manchester. It appears to have been immediately called forth by a letter, which we also publish, addressed to Mr. Bazley, in his official capacity, by Mr. J. Young Caw, on the 23d of September last— at the time when it will be remembered that public attention had just been directed to the subject of Life Insurance by the appearance of one or two pamphlets, by the prominence giveh to it in our own columns, and by other causes. Mr, Bazley's letter is a most valuable document, and we direct attention to it with peculiar pleasure, seeing that is expresses views, and contains statements, which correspond closely with those which, from the commencement of the controversy, have been adopted and .enforced by ourselves. We give in the first place the letter of Mr. Caw, and in the second the reply which it called forth from Mr. Bazley : " Bank, Mosley-street, 23d Sept., 1852. " Dear Sir,—ln bringing before your directors the state of the life assurance offices, I believe I am doing that which in some shape or other has already been done, for the public press has recently so often alluded to it, that in some degree or other it must have been considered by all of them. Still, as there are some points of im portance which deserve special consideration, I trust I may be excused in endeavouring to select from many objects of attention, those which appear to be the most practical and most prominent. Life insurance, con ducted upon prudent principles, is of immense advantage to the community. - Having enunciated this proposition, so universally admitted, it remains to examine what are prudent principles ? A prudent man will be desirous, when he insures his life, to know that when he dies the engage ment will be duly met. This brings on the consideration of the office in which he ought to insure. Now, the returns recently published by authority of Parliament, give a certain amount of information as to companies formed under the 7th and Bth Vict., cap. 110 ; and as since the passing of that act, 105 assurance companies have regis tered themselves, it may tend to assist some if the state of these accounts be considered. I have not the slight est hesitation in pronouncing a very large proportion of these offices to be practically insolvent ; and there is not any one of common judgment in business matters who can arrive at any other conclusion after examining the accounts these officers have furnished. The first item that appears of importance is preliminary expenses, under which vague title most of the offices place a•large amount of money. The second is, the large sum for directors's fees. The third is, the large law expenses. And the fourth, the charge for establishing agencies. These matters require much attention. The next point is, a great reduction of premium. This has been carried to an excess, and ruin must be the consequence. Many of the offices to which allusion has been made are esta blished in London, and have placed in Manchester local boards as an inducement for the people at Manchester to insure. 'lt is to this point particularly that I beg the attention of your directors. No legislative enactment can interfere in this matter with success. Any such en actment would be an opposition to free trade. But the moral influence of your society in expressing an opinion upon the following points, which every insurer ought to inquire into, may be of Service. How this is to be done must be left to the judgment and discretion of your di rectors. Persons have lent their names as local direc tors, without holding shares in the company, and with out being insured in their own office. The deduction from this is, that weak and ignorant persons have been puffed up through vanity to show their extraordinary benevolence, and have lent their names without any in terest in the society. Some persons have been induced to lend their names without taking shares or insuring, because they have been allowed a fee for their attendance as directors. This class are perfectly contemptible ani degraded, and but for the mischief they may do, are not worthy of consideration. Another class insure for a small amount, and receive in fees more than their pre miums—a class of decoy duck. It appears evident that something may be done to protect the young men of Man chester from the dangers which threaten them ; as it is to be observed that these recklesss offices pay agents, exorbitant commissions, and high salaries, which the business cannot afford. One mode of protection is, to inquire at the local boards if their names are used with their own consent ; to ask whether they are shareholders and liable in any degree for the policies, or whether they are liable for 201. or 1001. paid up by shares ; and, further, to know whether the local board dare trust their own office so far as to ensure their own lives in it. I bring the matter before you for your con sideration. If you can do anything to avert evil, do it. At any rate, the fact of its being laid before you will probably neutralize much mischief. I may further add, that although the above remarks refer more particularly to offices registering under 7 and 8 Vict., cap. 110, there are offices established prior to that act in England, and also Scotch offices, whose rates of premium are so ruin ously low that by-and-bye they will be found out and ruin follow. Cheapness in life assurance is not always an advantage.—l remain, my dear sir, yours very faith fully, " J. Y. CAW. " Thomas Bazley, Esq., President of the Chamber of Commerce, Manchester." " Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures, Manchester, December 9, 1852. " Dear sir,—l regret the delay which has intervened n replying to your letter of the 23d of September last, n which you call upon the directors of this chamber to use their influence towards averting from the young men of Manchester the dangers which you foresee to impend over them from the position into which the business of life assurance in this country has recently fallen. " When your communication was first brought before the board, the pure philanthropy and honourable mo tives which prompted it, were duly appreciated, but some hesitation was felt as to how far the subject fell within the province of this chamber. Mature conside ration has, however, convinced the directors that your apprehension of dangers is well founded, and that they cannot be wrong in endeavouring to direct the attention of-their fellow-citizens to a careful consideration of so momentous a question. I am, therefore, to state, as briefly as I can, the grounds upon which this board ven tures to ;raise a warning voice, and to exhort all, and especially the young men of Manchester, to exercise the utmost caution in a matter which involves the future weal or woe of the objects of their tenderest affections. The board agrees with you entirely, that life assurance, conducted upon prudent principles, is of immense advan tage to the community. If it be not prudently conduct ed, if it fall into the hands of imprudent men, or of reckless adventurers (of which examples have not been wanting), it may become in the one case a source of misery, in the other, of heartless robbery. In the first place it will be useful to consider what is the nature of a life assurance. It is a contraet between two _parties —one of which engages to provide a given sum on the death of the insurer, the other to make given payments until that event occur ; but, unlike every other species of contracts, neither party is desirous of an early termination. The risks, however, may not be equa l. The assured must make his yearly payments, he parts annually with the stipulated capital,• and has no control over the manner in which it is to be managed ; he is bound for life, and even should he subsequently have cause for . suspicion, he cannot recede without severe loss. The obligation of the assuring office is so to manage the funds entrusted to it, that, on the determination of the contract, it shall be prepared to fulfil all its engage ments. The very first consideration for a person about to assure his life should therefore be to connect himself with such institutions only as shall give the strongest hope of eventually performing the promises they have held out. The board believes that many such exist, which, by careful management, the length of time during which their operations have continued, the amount of realised capital, and the fortunate circumstances which attended their infancy and growth, have placed them selves in a position to deserve unlimited confidence. But the directors have seen, with deep regret, in the promises suchhe l held a outbythealm departure frmoostintuhue prudentmerableproejoeuerstse of ofal latter older offices days,or offices as to excite in them great alarm, and they there fore desire to throw out some suggestions which they think may be serviceable to the young community around them.* The scheme of life assurance is supported solely on the hypothesis that the contributions of the members taken year by year and invested in some fund which will produce an interest thereon, will be sufficient, of them rosenastastiiirveeds unofdeearchhims pemolbiceyr: w se h lv e e n s his th li r f P e a d Y ro t p o s in, the th r e e p s r u e realisation the co n o f t i ntghei this t h p y p r promises i s heldobv obvious ly t o d him. ep en d s The on Iseveral considerations, the most important of whi c h are— 1. That the probable average duration of life sh a ll have been co rrec tly estimated, but especially that it shall not have been over-rated. 2. That the full rate of interest assumed by the society in its calculations shall be actually realised. 3. That a surplus shall be annually created at least suf ficient to discharge all the expenses of management. 4. That an equal or nearly equal degree of risk be distributed over all the lives. 5. That the funds of the society shall be invested in such securities as will not fail to reproduce them un diminished in value when required for the necessities of the institution. On the first of these considerations depends the rates which each office shall assume. The board would not presume to give any opinion whatever upon the proper rates to be charged ; but it has seen a constant tendency in the recently-established offices not only to make great reductions from the rates charged by the older societies, but, at the same time, to promise much greater advan tages. These allurements are sought to be justified by the assertion that the rates of the old offices have been excessive, and that the average duration of life has in creased. The board will not deny either of these pro positions to some extent ; but it does not hetitate to ex press a very strong fear that the reasons so assigned are pushed beyond the reality in both cases, and that a reck less competition, if no worse motive, has given birth to some delusive and most dangerous associations. The rates of payment are certainly an important element in a con tract for life assurance, but they sink into comparative in significance when ultimate security is taken into account. The solidity of an assurance society cannot be tested in its * Extract from a very valuable pamphlet, entitled " Life Assurance, its Schemes, its Difficulties, and its Abuses," published 1852, by W. S. D. Pateman, price ls., which the board would recommend to the perusal of all who wish to assure their lives. early years ; an unsound one even may run on very smoothly for many years, but if its basis have been er roneous, a time will assuredly come when its inability to perform its promise will be declared ; and the longer that that declaration is a delayed the wider the misery that will be diffused. It cannot have escaped observa tion that, amidst many other blandishments recently offered by the projectors of new assurance offices, " the lowest rates of premium possible, without compromising the safety of the institution," are put prominently for ward. Who, in his senses, would consign the premiums of, as he hopes, 20 or 30 years, into hands so regard less of unquestionable safety, or to one so willing to stand upon the very brink of a precipice, into which any casualty, an unforseen one, perhaps, may precipitate him. The second, third, and fourth propositions above enu merated are self-evident, and do not require a word of elucidation ; but the fifth is so intimately interwoven with the welfare of assured persons, that I may be par doned in venturing a few words upon it. It forms, indeed, in conjunction with the question of rates, the Rye Bank, Rye—R. C. Pomfret and Co. Ross Old Bank, Herefordshire, Ross—Prich ards and Allaway Saffron Walden and North Essex Bank, Saffron Walden—Gibsons and Co. Salop Bank, Shrewsb ur y —B ur t on, Ll oyd, and Co Scarborough Old Bank, Scarborough—,Woodall and Co. Shrewsbury Old Bank and Shrewsbury and Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury—Rocke, Eytons, and Co. .., Sittingbourne and Milton Bank, Sittingbourne —Valiance and Co. Southampton Town and County Bank, South ampton—Maddison and Pearce Southwell Bank, Southwell—Wylde and Co Southampton and Hampshire Bank, Southamp ton--Atherley, Fell, and Co. Stone Bank, Stone—W. Moore Stafford Old Bank, Stafford—Stevenson and Co. Stamford and Rutland Bank, Stamford—Eaton, Cayley and Co. Shrewsbury and Welshpool Bank, Shrewsbury —Beck, Downward, and Co. Taunton Bank, Taunton—H. and R. Badcock 24,037 Tavistock Bank, Tavistock—Gill and Rundle 10,939 Thornbury Bank, Thornbury—Rolph and Co. 6,320 Tiverton and Devonshire Bank, Tiverton— Dunsford and Co. Thrapston and Kettering Bank, Northampton shire—Thrapston, Yorke and Eland Tring Bank and Chesham Bank, Tring—But cher and Son Towcester Old Bank, Towcester—Percival and Co Town and County of Poole Bank and Ring wood and Poole Bank, Poole—G. W. Led gard and Sons Union Bank, Cornwall, Helston—Vivian and Co Uxbridge Old Bank, Uxbridge—Hull, Smith, and Co Wallingford Bank, Wallingford—Hedges, Wells, and Co ' Warwick and Warwickshire Bank, Warwick— K. Greenway and Co Wellington Somerset Bank, Wellington—Fox, Brothers, and Co West Riding Bank, Wakefield, and Pontefract Bank, Wakefield— Leatham, Tew, and Co Whitby Old Bank, Whitby—Simpson, Chap man, and Co Winchester, Alresford, and Alton Bank, Win chester—Bulpett and Co Winchester and Hampshire Bank, Winchester —Wickham and Co Weymouth. Old Bank and Dorchester Bank, Weymouth—Eliott and Pearce Wirksworth and Ashbourne Derbyshire Bank, Wirksworth—Arkwright and Co Wisbech and Lincolnshire Bank, Wisbech— Gurneys and Co Wiveliscombe Bank, Wiveliscombe— P. and W. Hancock Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—Good ricke and Holyoake Worcester Bank, Worcester—Farley, Laven der, and Co Worcester Old Bank and Tewkesbury Old Bank, Worcester—Berwick, Lechmere, and Co.. 16,45 28,280 13,315 36,637 2,700 11,562 13,726 10,513 30,150 11,78 12,413 9,293 10,012 13,725 7,448 22,9 5,346 45,647 14,019 18,9 5,992 14,845 35,759 40,66 6,255 11;35 6,915 65,747 Worcestershire Bank, Kidderminster—Farley, Turner, and Co Walsall Old Bank, Walsall—Charles Forster and Sons Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton —R and W. F. Fryer Yarmouth and Suffolk Bank, and Halesworth and Suffolk Bank, Yarmouth—Gurneys, Birbeck, and Co Yarmouth, Norfolk, and Suffolk Bank, Great Yarmouth—Sir E. H. K. Lacon, Bart : , and Co York Bank, York—Swann, Clough, and Co 37,673 12,089 41,922 JOINT-STOCK BANKS. Bank of Westmorland, Kendal Barnsley Banking Company, Barnsley Bradford Banking Company, Bradford Bilston District Banking Company, Wolver hampton Bank of Whitehaven, Whitehaven Bradford Commercial Banking Company, Bradford Burton, Uttoxeter, and Staffordshire Union Banking Company, Burton-upon-Trent Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Banking Company, Chesterfield Cumberland Union Banking Company, Work ington Cheltenham and Gloucestershire Banking Corn pony, Cheltenham Coventry and. Warwickshire Banking Company, Coventry 25,032 Coventry Union Banking Company, Coventry 11,328 County of Gloucester Banking Company, Chel tenham Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company, Carlisle Carlisle City and District Bank, Carlisle Dudley and West Bromwich Banking Company, Dudley 35,698 1:./thy and llerhyah ire Punk; ng Company/ Derby Darlington District Joint Stock Banking Com pany, Darlington East of England Bank, Norwich 25,496 Gloucestershire B an ki ng C ompany , Gloucester 143,992 Halifax Joint Stock Bank, Halifax 17,817 Huddersfield Banking Company, Huddersfield 29,406 Hull Banking Company, Hull 28,457 Halifax Commercial Banking Company, Halifax 12,826 Halifax and Huddersfield Union Banking Com pany, Halifax Helston Banking Company, Helston Herefordshire Banking Company, Hereford Knaresborough and Claro Banking Company, Knaresborough Kingsbridge Joint-Stock Bank, Kingsbridge Lancaster Banking Company, Lancaster Leeds Banking Company, Leeds Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicester Lincoln and Lindsey Banking Company Leamington Priors and Warwickshire Banking Company, Leamington Priors Ludlow and Tenbury Bank, Ludlow Moore and Robinson's Nottinghamshire Bank ing Company, Nottingham . Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Banking Company, Nottingham 26,436 Newcastle, Shields, and Sunderland Union Joint-Stock Banking Company, Newcastle upon-Tyne National Provincial Bank of England, Birming ham, Head-office, 112, Bishopsgate-street, London 379,926 North Wilts Banking Company, Melksham 42,905 Northamptonshire Union Bank, Northampton 63,797 Northamptonshire Banking Company, North ampton North and South Wales Bank, Liverpool Pares's Leicestershire Banking Company, Leidester 47,250 Saddleworth Banking Company, Saddisworth 2,105 Sheffield Banking Company, Sheffield 36,074 Stamford, Spalding, and Boston Banking Com pany, Stamford Stuckey's Banking Company, Bristol Somerset shire Bank, and Somersetshire Bank, Lang port 336,080 Shropshire Banking Company, Shiffnall 44,602 Stourbridge and Kidderminster Banking Com pany, Stourbridge Sheffield and Hallamshire Banking Company, Sheffield Sheffield and Rotherham Joint Stock Banking Company, Sheffield • 52,176 Swaledale and Wensleydale Banking Company, Richmond 50,37'4 Storey and Thomas Banking Company, Shaftes bury Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Banking Company, Wolverhampton 35,878 Wakefield and Barnsley Union Bank, Wake field Whitehaven Joint-Stock Banking Company, Whitehaven Warwick and Leamington Banking Company, Warwick West of England and South Wales District Bank, Bristol 75, 484 Wilts and Dorset Banking Company, Salisbury 6 7,051 West Riding Union Banking Company, Hud dersfield Whitchurch and Ellesmere Banking Company, Whitchurch Worcester City and County Banking Com pany, Worcester 4,795 York Union Banking Company, York 65,857 York City an d C ounty Banking Company, 90985 Yorkshire Banking Company, Leeds 113,719 P. DEANS, Registrar of Bank Returns. Inland Revenue, Somerset House, December 18, 1852. 9,146 8,995 50,506 9,549 30,482 19,371 51,660 30,122 96,038 23,971 17,887 20,140 40,395 1,470 16,180 28,815 3,640 54,003 21,797 70,841 51,874 8,863 11,911 .. 31,625 1,230 21,144 34,490 53,486 55,832 23,469 9,875 12,220 25,331 30,308 30,514 2,430 BANK RETURNS. , very essence Of the warning which the board is anxious to give. Whatever estimate may have been put upon the increased duration of life, it will not be believed that the lowest rates of premium now offered can be based upon the lowest rate of interest. But whilst the rates of premium are reduced in almost every new project, a rate of interest is prevailing which is lower than at any former period, and is likely to con tinue extremely low for many years ; whilst the public funds have attained a height at which, from their ex treme sensibility to very slight incidents, it would be dangerous to make investments. With a diminished capital, and a diminished rate of interest, the board has not faith in the promises of enlarged advantages ; and if for the purpose of obtaining higher rates of interest the funds of the assured be invested in securities of a more questionable and hazardous character, then does the danger become more imminent and distressing. I have expressed the+ opinion of this board that reck less competition has had much to do in the formation and conduct of modern life assurance societies. This board is not hostile to any legitimate competition ; it has ever advocated it in matters of commerce as the mainspring of industry. But these two species of competition are in no way analagous ; 'competition in trade cannot be long continued beyond the point of securing some profit, it will cease with the means of the disturber ; his operations are open to the observation of all who deal with him—they are brought to issue within a short period—and no one is compelled to trust capital to him. If he fail, it is he who has sold his wares below their cost who makes default • it is the seller who suffers. B u t i n a lif e assurance the case is essentially different ; there is competition, indeed, in selling at prices below the cost, but the purchaser is compelled to make fresh payments year after year—he has no discretion in the use of his capital—he knows not how, except to pay the expenses of management, it is to be applied ; his 'danger may not be apparent for many years, and when discovered he cannot fly from it with out extreme loss, perhaps ruin. If default be made, it is the unhaiipy purchaser who has to suffer. Ido not press the subject further, not for lack of points for animadversion, but because I think that, together with the observations contained in your letter, enough has been said to cause due consi deration in those who wish to purchase a life assur ance. It is not the object either of yourself or of this board to discourage life assurances ; we should both, on the contrary, most cordially encouraging them ; we would exhort every one, however, to use the utmost cir cumspection in the choice of their assurers. It is evi dent to this board that there is great danger ahead, which no act of the legislature can effectually avert, and which can alone be avoided by a resolute rejection, on the part of the public, of overstrained and suspicious offers. This is the advice which we give to all, but especially to the younger members of our community, whom we would nevertheless counsel to enter into life assurances with sound and well established offices ; and we would emphatically impress upon those who wish to invest their savings or their property in the purchase of annuities never to forget that their safety will not, but that their greatest danger may, consist in seeking to obtain the highest rate of interest, and that their capital, if once parted with to improvident hands, is gone for ever. Let them consider that as with others who for the present possession of capital will give exorbitant rates of interest, so may it be with assurance and annuity socie ties. I apologise for the length of these remarks, but the importance of the subject would justify even an exten sion of them. They may possibly preserve many of those who in the exercise of a most laudable course can least afford to be dupes from future pangs. By order and on behalf of the directors of the Chamber of Com merce and Manufactures at Manchester. Thos. BAZLEY, President. J. Y. Caw, Esq., Manchester. LORD JOHN RUSSELL'S ADDRESS. TO THE ELECTORS OF THE CITY OF LONDON. GENTLEMEN,--Having contributed by my vote to the overthrow of the Administration of Lord Derby, I have considered it my duty to -assist, when called upon by my Sovereign in the formation of a new Ministry. I have felt it incumbent upon me, in order to give to the country the full advantages of a liberal policy, to sink those personal pretensions which my po sition might have entitled ina to fnvrn. I have conse quently accepted office under the Earl of Aberdeen, upon whose upright character and enlightened views I place the greatest reliance. My seat is therefore vacant. I have little of novelty to add to the declarations I addressed to you on 'the 22d of May, previously to the late General Election. I then said that I could have no hesitation in accepting the challenge—to decide finally, completely, and conclusively, the contest be tween Protection and Free Trade. That contest has been decided, finally and conclusively, •in favour of Free Trade. I then said, and I now repeat, that the commercial policy of the last ten years was not an evil to be mitigated, but a good to be extended—not an unwise and disastrous policy, which ought to be reversed, altered, or modified, but a just and benefi- . cial system, which should be supported, strengthened, and upheld. I adverted at the same time to the legal difficulties and expenses which clogged the transfer of land, the complicated machinery of the Customs depart ment, and the remaining burdens and restrictions on the shipping interest. Now, as then, I am prepared to attempt the removal of these impediments to the increase of our prosperity. Now, as then, I am prepared to attempt the relief of that portion of ourfellow-subjects who are still excluded by their religious belief from political privileges. I enter tain a sanguine hope of success in that endeavour. I then stated that the progress of the working classes in knowledge and intelligence ought to be accompanied by an increased share of political power, while I was aware how difficult a task it is to adjust, in any plan of representation, the respect due to ancient prescription with the claims cf advancing trade, increased population, and growing intelligence. To this task the Ministry of the Earl of Aberdeen will anxiously apply themselves. A matter of so much im portance requires from the Government the most delibe rate consideration before any measures are submitted to Parliament. By joining the Administration of Lord Aberdeen I believe that I shall best promote the cause to which my political life has been devoted—that of rational and en lightened progress. It is to progress that all our efforts will be directed. I look to the extension of education, of civil and reli gious liberty, of commercial freedom, and of political rights, as the true means of preserving those institutions under which we have enjoyed so much happiness. I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, Your grateful and obedient servant, J. RUSSELL. Chesham•place, Dec. 27, 1852. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S—MONDAY. METROPOLITAN HANDICAP. 1,000 to 30 agst Tobolski. 500 to 15 Galvanism. 1,000 to 25 Nerva. 1;000 to 25 Lampedo. CHESTER CUP. 1,000 to 20 Weathergage. 1,000 to 15 7 -- Merry Bird. DERBY. 400 to 25 Orestes. 400 to 20 Sittingb,ourne. 1,000 to 20 Barbatus. 750 to 25 Brocket. CHRISTMAS CUSTOMS IN NORWAY.-At Christiania, and in other Norwegian towns, there is a delicate Christmas way of °Tering to a lady a brooch, or a pair of earrings, in a trans of hay. The house door of the person complimented is pushed open, and there is thrown into the house a tress of hay or straw, a sheaf of corn, or bag of chaff. h some part of this "bottle of hay" envelope, there is a " needle" of a present to be hunted for. A friend of mine received from her betrothed, ac cording to thirf Christmas custom, an exceedingly large brown paper parcel, which, on being opened, revealed a second parcel with a loving motto on the cover. And so on, parcel within parcel, motto within motto, till the kernel of this paper husk—which was at length dis covered to be a ddicate piece of minute jewellery—was arrived at. One of the prettiest of Christmas customs is the Norwegian practice of giving, on Christmas-day, a dinner to the bads. On Christmas morning, every gable, gateway, or barn-door, is decorated with a sheaf of corn, fixed on the top of a tall pole, wherefrom it is intended that the birds shall make their Christmas din ner. Even the peasant will contrive to have a handful set by for this purpose, and what the birds do not eat on Christmas-day, remains for them to finish at their leisure through the winter. The carolling of birds about these poles make a Norwegian Christmas in the fields quite holy to me.—Dickens's "Rou.saold Words." (From, the London Gazette of Tuesday.) Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth Victoria, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and Wales, in Circulation during the Week ending Satur day, the 11th day of December, 1852 Average PRIVATE BAKS. Amount. Andover Bank, Andover—Heath and Co. Ashford Bank, Ashford—Jemmitt and Pomfret 11,843 Aylsham Bank, Aylsham—G. and T. Copeman 4,061 Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury—Z. D. Hunt 24,788 Baldock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade Bank, Baldock—Wells, Hogge, and Co Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple—Marshall and Co Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke-- Seymour, Lamb, and Co. Bedford Bank, Bedford—T. Barnard and Sons Bewdley Bank, Bewdley Nichols, Baker, and Co Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford Bank, Bicester—H. M. and G. Tubb Birmingham Bank, Birmingham Attwoods, Spooner, and Co Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir mingham—.J. L. Moilliet and Sons Blandford Bank, Blandford—Oak and Co. Boston Bank, Boston—Garfit and Co Boston Bank, Boston—H. and T. Gee and Co Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater—J. and J. L Sealey Bristol Bank, Bristol—Miles, Miles, and Co Broseley and Bridgnorth and Bridgnorth and Broseley Bank, Broseley—Pritchards, Boy cott, and Co. Buckingham Bank, Buckingham—Bartlett, Par rott, and Co. Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds— Oakes, Bevan, and Co. Banbury Bank , Banbury Gillet, Tawney, and Co. Banbury Old Bank, Banbury—Cobb and Son Bath City Bank, Bath—G. Moger and Son Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton Buzzard—Bassett, Grant, and Co Birmingham Bank, Birmingham—Taylor and Lloyds Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire—H A. and W. M. Harris and Co. Brecon Old Bank, Brecon—Wilkins and Co Brighton Union• Bank, Brighton—Hall, West, and Borrer Burlington and Driffield Bank, Burlington— Harding, Smith, and Co Bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds— J. Worlledge Cambridge Bank, Cambi - idge—Mortlock & Co Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam bridge—Messrs. Fosters Canterbury Bank, Canterbury—Hammond and Co Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen—David Morris and Sons Chertsey Bank, Chertsey—La Coste and Son Colchester Bank, Colchester—Round & Green Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank, Colchester—Mills, Bawtree, and Co Cornish Bank, Truro—Tweedy and Co Coventry Bank, Coventry—Little & Woodcock City Bank, Exeter—Milford and Co Craven Bank, Settle—Alcocks, Birkbecks, and Co Cardiff Bank, Cardiff—Towgood and Co Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Chepstow—Bromage,. Snead, and Co Derby Bank, Derby—W. and S. Evans & Co Derby Bank, Derby—Samuel Smith and Co Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak Bank, Derby—Crompton, Newton, and Co Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes—Locke and Co Diss Bank, Diss—Oakes, Fincham, and Co Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster —Cooke and Co • Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton on-Tees Bank, Darlington—Backhouse &Co 78,Q85 Devonport Bank, Devonport—Hodge and Co 9,206 Dorchester Old Bank and Dorsetshire Bank, Dorchester—R. and H. Williams 41,106 East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard—Robins, Fos ter, and Co 103,128 East Riding Bank, Beverley—Bower and Co 49,083 Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank, Chelmsford—Sparrow, Round, and Co Exeter Bank, Exeter—Sanders and Co.. Fakenham Bank, Fakenham—Gurneys, Birk beck, and Co Farringdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far ringdon—Barnes, Medley, and Co Farnham Bank, Farnham—Messrs Knight Faversham Bank, Faversham—Hilton and Co Godalming Bank, Godalming—Mellersh and Keen Guildford Bank, Guildford—Messrs. Haydon Grantham Bank, Grantham—Hardy and Co Hastings Old Bank, Hastings—Smith, Hilder, and Co. Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford-- Matthews and Co. Hertford and Ware Bank, Hertford—S. Adams and Co. Hull Bank and Kingston -upon-Hull Bank, Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co. Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting don —Rust and Veaseys Harwich Bank, Harwich—Cox, Cobbold, and Co Hemel Hempstead Bank, Hemel Hempstead —Smith and Whittingstall Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin Sharpies, and Co. Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Bank, and Ross and Archenfield Bank, Hereford— Morgan and Co Ipswich Bank, Ipswich—Bacon and Co. Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk, Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley Bank, and Woodbridge Bank, Ipswich Alexandera and Co Kentish Bank, Maidstone—Mercer, Randall, and Co. Kington and Radnorshire Bank, Kington— Davies and Co. Knighton Bank, Knighton—Davies and Co Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank, Knaresborough—Terry and Co. Kendal Bank, Kendal—Wakefield, Crewdson, and Ca. Kettering Bank, Kettering—J. C. Gotch and Sons Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End—C Harvey and Son Leeds Bank, Leeds—Beckett and Co. Leeds Union Bank, Leeds—W. Williams, Brown and Co. Leicester Bank, Leicester—Pagets and Kirby, Lewes Old Bank, Lewes—Molineux and Co Lichfield Bank, Lichfield—Palmer and Greene Lincoln Bank, Lincoln—Smith, Ellison, and Co. Lla,ndovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Llan dilo Bank, Llandovery—D. Jones and Co Loughborough Bank, Loughborough—Middle ton and Cradock Ly C mington Bank, Ly m i ng t on —St . B ar b e and o. Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn Regis—Gurneys and Co. Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis— Jarvis and Co Macclesfield Bank, Macclesfield—Brocklehurst and Co. Manningtree Bank, Manningtree—Nunn and Co. Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl borough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank, and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough —Tan ner and Co Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly—Williams and Son Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, Abergavenny—Bailey and Co Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Monmouth—Bromage, Snead, and Co Newark Bank, Newark—Godfrey and Riddell Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and Newark Bank, Sleaford—Handley, Peacock, and Co Newbury Bank, Newbury—Bunny & Slocock Newmarket Bank, Newmarket—Eaton, Ham mond, and Co Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk Bank, Norwich—Harveys and Hudsons Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich—Gur neys and Birkbeck Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not tingham,- Hart, Fellows, and Co Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton—Craddock and Co Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth—Harris and Co. New Sarum Bank, Sarum—Everett and C 0.... Nottinghamßank, Nottingham—Samuel Smith and Co. Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os westry—Croxon and Co. Oxford Old Bank, Oxford—Robinson, Parsons, and Co. Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Ton bridge—T. H. and S. Beeching Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney—J. W Clinch and Co. Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank and Beverley Bank, Hull—Pease and Co Penzance Bank, Penzance--Batten and Co Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter borough—D. Yorke and Co. Pembrokeshire Bank, Haverfordwest—J. and W. Walters Reading Bank, Reading—Simonds and C 0..... Reading Bank, Reading—Stephens, Blandy, and Co. Richmond Bank, Richmond —Roper .and Co. Rochdale Bank, Rochdale—Clement, Royds, and Co. Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches ter—Day and Nicholson Royston Bank, Royston—Fordham and Sons Sugby Bank, Bugby—A, Butlin and Son 24,511 8,358 3,581 22,272 10,245 6,945 69,149 14,247 4,794 32,323 8,595 20,923 65,669 32,933 27,396 3,723 32,173 30,6 12,440 69,686 22,910 !,228 2,271 16,415 39,403 31,043 21,850 2,980 15,645 29,170 44,232 7,103 19,040 70,857 6,873 37,815 26,44 66,2 40,942 27,278 19,483 6,422 12,777 5,333 4,140 5,853 27,439 33,005 17, 360 19,874 17,96' 40,940 5,785 21,007 34,00 18,499 19,758 58,055 17,429 25,959 9,417 19,47: 42,466 7,839 5,345 51,376 35, 740 27,124 32,136 13,020 87,607 16,729 6,758 3,355 32,098 12,177 14,267 1,932 7,919 28,644 14,567 27,633 46,815 21,958 17,847 44,432 58,286 9,860 2,972 .... 22,590 10,623 25,375 11,911 34,237 9,203 8,731 38,868 10,773 8,074 12,239 24,870 29,243 6,085 4,400 6,811 9,718 9,313 [ADVERTISEMENT.]-DEAFNESS-NEW DISCOVERY.-- 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the York Hotel. The Organic Vibrator, an extraordinary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the kind that has been, or probably ever can be, pro duced. Being of the same colour as the skin, it is not perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensa tion of singing noise s i n th e ears are ent i rely removed ; and it affor s all the assistance that possibly could be desired. The Royal Exhibition- Valuable newly-in vented, very small, powerful Waistcoat-pocket Glass, the size of a walnut, to discern minute objects at a distance of from four to five miles, which is found to be invaluable for yachting, and to sportsmen, gentlemen, and game keepers. Telescopes, possessing such extraordinary power that some, 34 inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly J u pit er ' s moons, S atu rn's ring, and the double stars. They supersede every other kind, and are of all sizes, for the waistcoat-pocket, shooting, milit ary , purposes, &c. Opera and Race-course Glasses with won derful power ; a minute object can be clearly seen from 10 'to 12 miles distant. Invaluable newly-invented Spectacle.—S. and B. Solomons, aurists and opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the . York Hotel. FATALITY OF A RING.—In October, 1845, a man, named Donald Fraser, was transported for the theft of the same ring' which formed a very important link in the chain of evidence against George Christie for th murder el Mrs. 8054 And her graiudgen. 15,306 34,930 10,484 8,970 10,480 COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—DEC. 24. 56 1 Prices to-d a y were as f o ll ow :—Wheat, white, 465- i - 0 9, red, 38s t o 50 s ; b ar l ey, 28 s to 34s ; oats, 18s to 2 4 g; Mazagan, 30s to 335; middle and small, 345 to 383 ; white, 40s to 42s ; grey, 30s to 325. CHELMSFORD—DEC. 24. 4 Prices to-clay were as follow :—Whe;t, white, 01 ' 14 0 to 59s Od, n ew 42 s t o 57 s ; red, old 40s t o 495, newraig, 45s ; barley, 25s to 28s; chevalier, 28s to 330 • P il o ts, 21s to 27s ; malt, 55s to 56s ; chevalier, Ms to 58s ; 19s to 258 ; peas, partridge, 30s to 35s ; white 31s to boiling boiling 37s to 40; ; dun, new, 29s to 33s ; beans,tick, to 34s ; Harrow ticks, 31s to 36s ; Mazagan, 29s to 32 A l es The following i s the official statement of the quart ts ' r of corn, &c., received in the port of London from the 0111 in Essex, from the 20th to the 25th December, 1 851 inclusive : --, I ul 26 ‘ 5 el 4 0 PA Colchester 281 114 1542 —•-• Harwich Leigh 422 293 101 104' 3 M aldon 1571 276 320 331 j--"" KIRKCALDY—DEC. 25. The following are the quotations for grain : I ,,, a ss• Wheat. Barley. I Oats. Od First KIRKCALD The following are the quot Wheat. I Bar 55s Od. 31s 50s Od I 28s 44s Od L 25s itions for grain . I :- ley. Oats. Be 'll . 0,1 23s 6d. Os ~,4 6d 22s 6d OA ii ‘ .. 6d ISs Od Os °a I I imperial, 28s Od to 00s °I First .. Second Third.. Oatmeal, per bag of 2801bs ET—DEc. 27. Lo close of the market :—'. Riddell ....................• 1 1 1 Clennell . 14 Killingsworth E......... 17 Eden Main .................. 1 7 Belmont • Braddyll.. .................. .J. 17 Hetton ••;/ Haswell ................ .••• 1 6 Kepler Grange ........ 'ensher Russell's Hetton.. • • 1/ .tewart's . . ............. Heugh Hall • •17 ' Kelloe .. . . ..... • • 17 South Hartlepool ..... ••• 1 6 South Kelloe Tee 5...... Llangennecia ........... •• Sidney's Hartley ...... Aberanam Steam ......... ;3 I Sold 4B. COAL MAR: Prices of Coal per ton at t] s. d. Bate's West Hartley 15 6 Carr's Hartey l5 6 Hedley's Hartley l4 6 Holywell l6 6 Howard's West Hartley Netherton 15 6 Smith's West Hartley l5 6 Jonassohn's Hartley 14 0 North Percy Hartley l4 9 Pelton Main l5 6 RavensworthW. Hartley 15 6 Redheugh Main 13 6 South Peareth Tanfield Moor l4 6 Tanfield Moor Butes 14 6 West Hartley` 15 6 Wall's End, &c. Gosforth 16 0 Hedley 15 0 Lawson l5 6 Northumberland E. l4 6 Ships at marbet E RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, DEC. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market to-day has Dee' o and very little business d o i ng . The following 1 1. 0 0 closing prices :—Birk en h ea d, L ancashire, and 1- i yn (late Chester and Birkenhead), 221. shares, 21 dis• ; te ett cashire and Y or k s hi re , 84i ; Leeds Northern (late .;451 and Thirsk), 188 ; L on d on and North Western, ''.o( Midland, 79i ; North British, 91 ; South Eastern Dover, 258 ; Dutch Rhenish, 1 dis. MANCHESTER, DEC. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE. —We have had very little 011y, r 4 but prices have slightly advanced. Sheffield Ne w /01 4 7-16 p. ; Dovers, 25 ; L ee d s , 84i ; Midlands, 79i; Western, Bi. BIRMINGHAM, DEC. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE. --There was but a very sac market to-day, an d scarce l y any business was trap jolt A little lot of Shrewsbury and Birmingham stock v' s „t e s at 66i, and the L on d on an d North Western gum's at 78. LEEDS, DEC. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—Wo have had a very in — s ie share market this morning. Buyers generally mara,"o a disposition to await the arrival of Lon don advice° operating. SEABORNE MAILS. -(N signifies that the mails are sent from the General post o tel by the night—a n d Mb y the morning —dispatch.] ____.--- . Day when made up From what Witee'' COUNTRIES. in General Post- Port due' Office, London. Dispatched. America (byßrit.pack.N Dec. 31.......... Liverpool ..• A rr '' America (by United Sks. packet) •...N Dec. 28 .....• Liverpool ... 6 America (by States • packet) ..........N Jan 5 .... • Southampton De. Australia (via South. 2t ampton) 20th of each month S ou th amp t on Jan' Ditto (via Marseilles N 24th o f th e month Dover .....• Jan' , *Ditto (via Cape of Uood Nov3C' Hope) .. ..N 2d of February .. .. Plymouth . • " Africa (West Coast) ..N 23rd of the month. Plymouth .. , 2 g Alexandria* ........N 19th&30th of mon. Dover -..... Dec. Belgium ...... •• • . ..N IntilY • - • • Dover .....• Da"' '6 Brazil .. M 9th of the month.. Southa m pt on .lan.i 6 Buenos Ayres M 9th of the mo n th.. Southampton Jan . California .. ......31 -d & 17th of month Southhunpton lan. ' O6 iCape of Good Hope..N 14thof the month.. Southampton Jan. ‘ ,6 Cape de Verds ......N 14thof th e mon th .. Southampton Jan• Constantinople* ..N 7 thl7th27tbof mo.. Dover • Dee. Central America ....Di ')nd & 17th of mon. Southampton , Channel Isles... ..... N Mon.Wed.bleriday Southampton ru Tt: 31 2d & 17th of month southampton Jan France .... M& N Twice daily ...... Dover Mile Greece* ............N 7thl7th27thofinon. Dover ...• it Hamburgh ..........N Tuesday & F r i day London ... • • Ta—isk • Holland ............M Wednesday & S a t London Sun. , 6 Honduras N 17th of the : J "' Ireland ..........M Bt:N Twice daily month Southampton Jan ...... Holyhead India (viaSouthampt.)3l 20th of the month.. Southampton Jan• India (via Marseilles) N Bth& 24th'of month Dover ...... Jan' India (via Cape of Good H0pe)...........-31 14th of the month.. Southampton Jan. 26 nr . Mauritius 14th of the month.. Southampton Jan• `- Mediterranean • (via 2 4 Southampton .......31 20th of the month., Southampton Jan' 1 Ditto (via Marseilles).N Bth & 24th ofmontb Dover ... Jan' Mexico 2nd of the month.. Southampton Jan. , ' l '6_ Ma1ta*............ Madeira „DI 9 th&23dofthe mon. Southam p t on Jan 7th,17th,19th,27th, W &30th of the month Dover Dec.! I Naples* ... ........N s thleth2sthofmon. Dover Jan. Papal States*........N s thlsth2sthofmon. Dover Jan. Peninsula. l thl7th27thofmon. Southampton Jan. 6 Peru •• 2d & 17th of m on th southampton JAL 1 Tuscany* N sthlsth2sthof mon, Dover Jan.; West Indies M 2d & 17th of month Southampton Jan.' Tan Diemen's Land (see Australia) • • I ---- * The mails for Austr a li a v i a th e Cape of Good Hope are ma d e 2/ nth 4 on the 2d of every alternate month. Tho se made up on the I ' and 24th of casts month via Southampton and Marseilles are sq i g sailing vessels at present from Singapore, but next year they W sent in steamers. 1' Mails are also made up on the 2d of every alternate mont h _ the Cape of Good Hope. hJ * The mails to th ose coun t r i es ' thus marked (*) are convel- P French packet lo Marseilles. rRES FOR 1853. RCH. 1: " Warwick Spring ......... 11 Kiplin Coates .......... •- sO 71; N b o eg rtrhaaTeliny .... ...... Northampton (2)......... 3l A JL. 0 Ma1t0n................. . .. Newmarket F. S ........ - 8ath....................... Manchester (3) ........... Ep50m..................... Stockbridge ............. . - Winchester ........... Newcastle ................ - rLY. Stamford - 0 Nottingham - Goodwood lIST. 1 1 York Derby Egharn 24 ( IMBER. Lanark Manchester .. : 'Newmarket F. 0...... Northallerton )BER. 1 9 IRichmo nd 54 Newmarket 3,550 405 8,475 8,785 11,89 8,205 9,198 RACING FIXT MA: Liverpool Spring 2 Coventry Spring 8 Doncaster Spring 8 Salisbury AP Croxton Park 6 Newmarket Craven ll York Spring l9 Chester 3 Newmarket Sec Sp lO Shrewsbury Ascot.. Hampton Beverley, Hull, &c l5 Bibury 22 15 Newmarket Worcester Carlisle (3) Liverpool 131 AUG' Brighton 3 Brighton Club 5 Wolverhampton 8 Reading Warwick ... Doncaster . Bedford ... Leicester ... SEPTE: 13 20 21 OCT, Chester Autumn 4 Newmarket S. 0 lO [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's pills for the Liar , 0 o f Headaches, Bile, and Indigestion.—Extract of a I'3 ! Dr , from Mr. W. Folkes, Chemist, Hyde, near Manche s dated 10th September, 1852. To Professor Hollo —Sir,—l am happy to inform you, that your pithEl of ointment have been of the greatest service to many ,P it o sons in this neighbourhood ; one in parti cu l ar , who f;' s : me an account of your pills in the most flattering te r oiti; for a long time he was subject to violent pains i ' J o head, arising from bile and indigestion, from whicA could obtain no relief until he took some of your in v ! to able pills : by these means he was completely restorehealth. Sold by all Dru gg i s t s , an d at Professor FR way's Establishment, 244, Strand, LondoD. 104 BIRTHS. On the 26th inst. OF A SON. , Viscountess Maidstone. 5 t .,.55 0 %' On the 24th in s t., a t t h e Dicker Parsonage , the wife of the Rev. H. L. Cooper. On the 25th inst., at 6, Newington-place, K en ning L Mrs. W. Riff. MARRIED. lacc pert 0 On the 22d i ns t., a t St . P eter ' s -church, Dublin, --,„.0 B. Wool sey, E sq., eldest son of J. Woolsey, Esq 50. to Lalla Marcella, (laughter of the l a t e Capt. G. J 3l A vg ;"of On the 23d i ns t., at St. Mark's, K e nnington, A . Esq., to H enr i e tt a Julia Carlina Solari. .DIED. On the 23d inst., at St. Matthew's-rectory, 1115°- Jane Trimmer, the wife of the Rev. C. H. Gaye- On the 25th inst., at Putney-heath, J. H. 33 ' Esq., aged 77. St ang On the 22d inst., at Bath, E. Rogers, Esq., o r c gt ie. park, near Ludlow, formerly M.P. f or Bi s hop's w v .,,,tpew 4 On the 25th inst., at Tott en h am , age d 92, ~- relict of the late W. Beer, Esq - 1/S 6 11° 1 LONDON : Printed and Published by MUR—nO xo, 1% , of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office' „ I ra Strand, in the Precinct of the S avo y, in au c " Middlesex, Tuesday, December 28, 1852, ItAT N p ! S SUE OF vurated by 7 - t ,1 1 1: ;11 4 e l 11: : I t es 2 : ll4lt n idt7d s t2l:l ) f ess o msrdt r :r and maps ilu n u y, K behead! following 2, Ro3 itj,nll, London e ther of wh, It ! E A i~eiuq .or work! under ng tZburg'h. Mar 41 , £lOO,OOO ,4,:eiOttliethr tehCeodstirl fast debts to 1 Nst it in that 1e Most Ron ' 4llo bert Prici and Stratton e most Hon. tilrk, Antrim racial Villier ir e ant Franc] atth ew Craw 4 121 4 Wrian243.oBt. tott 1441 11. Price, Messrs. Cc TING Mu and F.( OE 1, 4 t,' this ) :i,company One thous, l' ' EN., in tt -)st book sys Part of that fl 4t.., is unriw 4.. e of ests k i . north-we kf 4 ' h earin a ),_ _ c hore croppi ' , 4 and ban tin2nier unf . tt,t:l t , t4l:l:4 t m, si l,i Telrat a, ,I.lttedrortitsyinteta:eab,lbia st: t two year, 7 i ned to be bt e o c m v ar ud e l 1 . , ~ ana remit t Purposes th ruined, an ,4 p! 1 ; stores c,elr habitati 4 4 " %kllful. di 4 about 371 i p,,, 8‘ , 1 Dasturee 5 ,,, 1, 0111 the gi '' .l e Com •az"i] ' z '4 4 T'Power has. Loud< e Isthmus tt r eY the tray 4 of the • k ._ 110 t on tile - ;; t e, 70 milef ' 3 distant. weiottin. k by an tec thus in 1 er i, - le most in q t : Which give r 4l `ee here to t 1 1 , quartz, p t :! , seen suc e of such coi k i T i and ridges kolnetimes k - "ling, then cpaet„ . i , artsou 'Ely„' al them to in 4tiabbes of cel 4 ,1 1 , Roll in si arid l ,' In Cabfor tot h ' s r age spec 11 11q,'..e veins 1 11ng and as ~' " 4 ia the fo t r 4 1 hereby ce fr, (l Clapp . I, • Alfred Clal Yielded 1 lk i ; 0, Which IE Value 51. I ' ll tertify th 4 lbs 4a5,,, A • q 4v and th r 3 9 % dwt 9144 gepterni 11::old for Al ~, * l2 rock, 1 allow 1 oz. 5 dw 2 dusts, sil Crushlrg dssay 'I %•ARD these eei When mi hts of gol , -r the inn] MY rest 11 ra r n y in pr be '4 4 / 1 5, and 4,„ 1 t 0 , 1 'with 1 - ‘ aeu Zgaire hi q rr --1 2'sof,, it' u „ ° ng the elle by 4,111 ~ k nowied± y "al it wh: ktith. east Th e road I( . b lfariposl -44 Darts of 6 Worn b ( I ave baat, h and b f t e 4 nding if 418 :ZZ (Signed: being ` i ng th:v (Sk Firm— APplicA "teretary Tc Gentle] e e etis num 41,1 d whet booi Just 0 14 14 relatt Qta er at For IL Tra Ne s at ftp ," Ir the h I q3 6 4:1 Derioa ; 4 erno, drn Rrav a treat y t"...Pr(