The Sun. — London, England, 1846-01-02 00:00:00

- !*1 G A Pu b lit En the 01 d by 11 : 4 " to and rear I by 1111 tion fro ® spectsbY vhich tb 710 Pr° who men rind tot'l r bd ; i l t at the f P nis elfs o r e dutie s. ;s q., v'° utioo!i ,rag o tediO 1, o°l4 - e it ai d Joh l ' f o rt , ' fie LITERATii P NARRATIVE of the EXPLO G EXPEDI - to the RUCKY MOWN . VS in the YEAR 1842, and to GREGOIV and _', ..:';1 CALIFOR NIA in the YEARS 1844-5. By i evet Captain J. C. Fremot t, of the Topocnaphical Enyineos. ti itit a Map and Mast , ations. This is a remarkably interesting and well-timed work, The design of these expeditions was a military aXamination of the country between the Mississippi and the Pacific Ocean on the line of the Great Platte, the South Pass, and the Columbia, with a view to the Maintenance of American imagined rights over a b re lnote and interesting region. The military exami °Lott Was the first object, but science came in for a ki-ar e of the commander's attention ; and sextants, refracting circles, thermometers, and baromet ers , as Well as rifles, formed a part of the young officer's ,c l ui pment. Th e resu lt o f t h e com bi ne d o bj ects i s an Immense collection of geological, botanical, geogra phical, and meteorological information, mixed up With the details which would enable a general to March an army, or an emigrant to move his family to the:regnn; and from which a statesman might judge value of the country, and a farmer choose a resi dence, i n it, These expeditions have been made, the f t rst ;ia 1 842, terminating at the South Pass in the e a.Y Mountains; the other in 1844-5, extending to the tide-water of the Columbia, and thence south, a vast circuit, through the unknown region a the Alta California ; f o i ce d f orwar d, w h en b n e* inv o l ve d i n them, by mountains and Inte ;.Y de serts, which c a r r i e d th e expe diti on f ar out o f i ts tided course, and exposed it to perils and suffer , Only to be c om p ensate d b y di scover i es f u ll _a st range and r oman ti c i nterest , among peop l e an d r men im tries never b e f ore d escr ib e d. Th e j ourna l s o f t h e tt e xpeditions have been published just in the "nick" o bialet Alin the Oregon i s th e grea t h on e o f contenti on twogreat countries. Towards this vast tract the Ell - of emi grat i on i s now ro l l i ng, an d t h e eyes of of ro pe and America turning, and for the dominion Which diplomacy is now weaving its webs, and ilirar sounding its alarms. To qu o t e f rom suc h i s W ork would be almost impossible, so intimately With porti on connecte d w i t h another. It is filled d u .adventures, hair-breadth 'scapes and graphi c eller hAiptions. The personal merits of Captain Pre• on e _ t t In the se expe di t i ons h ave b een great, and evince mKu talent for command and for enterprise. With h rage of twenty-five men, and no officer to aid m° Ile has m a d e t en th ousan d m il es of march, Bflg tribe s o f savages, without ever b e i ng expose d tfsurpri se or defeai. Without the aid of s c i en tifi c 8 ist ance, he ha s so enri c h e d hi s re p or t w ith science,at lab it seems t o h ave b een th e wor k o f p ro f ess i ona l th e a i ll. His work was lacking to complete the view- (whi c h L ew i s an d Cl ar ke commenced) of p' .R T eat region from the Mississippi to the • 1 ,1 1 1 °14 Ocean, a n d it h as come at t h e exact moment • he it was most wanted, and will be most useful. '; k r events are imp en di ng , o f w hi c h O regon i s t h e thr i e . et^ English rights and honour are at st a k e , 4" the civilised world pauses to see, perhaps, the 2 of the third great contest between the old stock th e yo ung shoot of the Anglo-Saxon race. „ tit t i ik literary composition it would be unjust to .(1 1 .11 8 e the report. I t is evidently the transcript of taorusrizde in th e fi e ld s an d i s w h at suc h notes wou l d be --a brief and rapid delineation of all that t^ Watt B eto, and in the order in which it was seen. No elopt is made at fine writing. In place of that we 311 4 _,ve truth and vigour, and the fresh, vivid, and amidst of descriptions which come from a man in the actionand who has something else to do t ,ve le r l i t ci t e en s talking. ' Still many passages are pow s e t rfull t y o derogat and the work betrays nothing . inthe . style elite from the novelty and importance of the e' The whole may be read with pleasure as 'l4B benefit, and we heartily commend and re .: itillie nd it. The volume is illustrated by a map *5. 14 . 4 Sotn . e fine lithographic illustrations ; and no one 11 70 wishe s to know anything about Oregon (and go doEs not ?) should fail to read it. rtiE NETT' TIMOR' : a Romance of . d metrically op- Perhaps two poets are not more London. Part I. la than are ,13osed, both in materials and jabbe and Byron ; the one composition,as copious in imagine ../%on •., as in language, the other formal, didactic, and eoise. Nevertheless, the resent poem combines writers, and that `4e c haracteristics of these two 'Without, in the slightest degree, in . uring its symme aj es smack of that Many of its descriptive ge n uineness and truth whicahnpaasrhaegsnydgetrraedcea'h'lTe in n e th ß e o s; ugh' , so popular, while the tWO productions may be discerned more clearly in that ktravagant affection antithesis which was so hu morously signalised in the "Rejected Add resses. " „ Ali ke as an instance of this, the lines "It Was not mirth, for mirth she was too still, It was not sit, wit leaves the heart more chill ; B ut that cont i nuous sweetness, wh al with ease ~i_ Pleases all round it, from the wish to please." to'lle resemblance the other hand, which it bears ~,, ce, on . the style of Byron is, if possible, more con 4Picoous than the preceding; the forcefulness of its alternate "Pressions, the energy of its allusions, 4itteltsm andsentirnent, recalling to ourimt%mofy Age eVer Z page "‘ Childe Harold" and the have A 4. Bronze." tattizeidst %i re!!re- Surely the author must e c x of the spirit which actuated the, rl . h Bards and Scotch Reviewers, , 3,5. 4 1 ::: t 11 : e Penne dl i e s subjoined allusions to St; Jame i'loittoin,l4 that space the blood-hound crowd array'd , ; Ilse,T,wel-thrutuod the shrine where last the Stuart pray d T° I . k t a i: e s P e see th e self-same blood hounds- run e 4e, tc- 'eet of Stuart's viler son! . ° f Van s r°ll o the dusk-nd towers—amidst his ring 4,nd h - e - e 4n e' l My cheers—rode the Dutchman king; The thn-; "id by la ea's Goneril MI di to hear ? th e -k " that; iumpltpd o'er her crownless . Le d a ,s r . thlfrehwhere th gaslight streams on Crockfor door, Th er enry e i; e Bwift e, where cu u ekled at the jests of More. gaze upon the last 11. 8., . e, ~ Iti Paused 4' d muttered, ' shall I have that See (_„newerl:aar,,lienlarising, however, these specimens of_ his tthoerit.writi,t;:n imitator, we by no means wish to deny 411 ersarj,. to point, in a rlY pretensions to origi . nality ;on the we shall presently hay . e . occasion . . S otn . Peqial manner to his originality in analyzing -- of 'Air A s f __ •. . most remarkable s _ ~ 4 r as thlS first portion of a poem :411s:inn an opinion m will permit us political characters.. 111 itself much t hat ' is dramatic, is like l yalso that which it in u e e m h bodies has to produce a humanising and generous *ffect upon the minds of its readers. The PllcPose of the romance, as its title indicates, main se 1 8 ) outr ay a b eing sated with riches and its ticiomne ;Tient indolence, and a being at the same y h(l2lose affections are hardened into misanthropy 4.5 5' a lir lack of sympathy and kindliness fellow -man. Morvale, a half-caste, (who L i , the - hero), an offspring of unmarried love r i' v ' e lv .. ee_ ti. an English chief and an Indian maiden, knowledgede of existence among those 4 hi s first ;114%,terrk a ' n ' c the couched Strangler" regions where I " the fell serpent, with piste for his victim 41 deathful eve," sports among the , un a d n e d rwood. self-willed Hee 411 Qr having 'depicted the lawless . tr eed hurries I. urn which the young alien acquired during the la;lours of his abandonment, the author ut..o the midst of civilisation, removing h im from the vioLigle into the drawing -rooms of London, trans orrillinB him from an indigent outcast to the master (5, oPulence and grandeur. These alternations afford uPPortunities for very striking contrasts, and o . f . the n se . .?Portunitics the author has availed himself with co _ t fr°4 l t tact. "Itieratde Many agreeable contrasts . yesul !Ilt hese circumstances, the future Tunon bein g represented as a child delighting in rambles .s ander the shade of melancholy boughs, , ' or, as it i b ohly „ of 3 n Rresed, "rocking his passions on soft waves zbut e' si f ' " Pourtrayed as the owner of a desolate, ioitioerkinsr;Petrue°l:),3l;lyrnfiatnfusilolyn in. the metropolis, , whose which °` s "lc " sombre 01,154 kervale extends a sheltering f ` es a t r iv e a d l., i , nto Joy ' by the to et- T h h a e nd scene th in e seas, an(5l4llLeY is pencilled with an exceeding MTV st d the sudde outburst of sunlight o . v s e w r e d t i h s e . c overs s ec ts at then • t the young girl very instant Poetry t b Pl.c'teet °r, is one of those touches o . f true _ toreseu, 1 ) t ~t st ir the heart's blood with their pi „,„4. e - eeee,.._ e, _ 7 L 'lstle sc ene ...V. But the most remarkable and e 4 IVe w scene 1° that with which the first part of valee.. • ~"n is concluded, namely, where in A d i e o v; r : ()v half sister Calantha is seated at Wher e °ll g the her n w t d and flau the e author seizes to spot ~ where Villiers t ie3 ll su ng "—an occasion which of t.._i __sottuce , eme very clever profile likenesses i, ' "lost • - of the present day. Teese corirpicuous statesmen their vprsonages are supposed to be passing by on N il il ay to the l! (1 tives. arliament Houses, and as each ap• Sir cite rQce'ves an appropriate cluster of adjectives. sad r., t P • t Peel, bv r il l io ns ..,,, t were the Great Riddlemeree of all sects ''',l parties, takes precedence, as i _. i ; tly B :,„ t ' Qf hiS competitor._ jogging over the road dell ycln that very s edate s' -luoking cob which is so Th e ;i n ,"'n to every lounger in Parliament-street. May 7 3 :` °f our author's opinions upon the Premier traTtiOtif St ell" summed up in his ejaculation "And still the ,trot the cautious mind betrays." The por- Indi:ntelytts:fetebrvluakredzfiWellington, which comes imine quite a daguerreotype of the delineati far as regards his appearance, but as a Mist a k e " of his _mental character it is extremely entipletsn and f4141:3- with the exception of the few and fain; We have selected below : lg Te, w a it h loose rein and careless canter view 'er a: 6 °r 41, n, the Princ e of Waterloo; Th e cra rill brow the hat as firmly prest Within 2 shs Pe rigiii in the buttoned vest; And ye their on which the fire has proved, N ot . e close Sparta of a mind unmoved! biv. is the wealth to some large natures lent, ,irn, ille.lY lavish, even where tnispent, ii,isot liberal sunshine of exuberant soul, ria:,?,l,llt, sense, affection, vvarming up the whole. briiNA.t command his veriest pasSions halt, p,_ .Is er,teb virtue, disciplined each fault. gl'VT d o e i l e t i l ie er wrong, if circumscribed the sight, uieetn thrOueaphrospect and it ne'cr is right, the teles copec of habit still, ell seel4 4 Can% 411 the world -4 drill!" TilE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 2, 1846. JUVENILE CRIMINALS. (From the Chronicle.) Under the head of " Mansion-house," in our police intelligence of Thursday, will be found a report of some excellent observations by the Lord Mayor, in the course of which he appeals to what he terms " the powerful press of the metropolis" to aid him in directing the at tention of the public and the Legislature to the necessity of providing adequate provision for the reception and reformatory discipline of juvenile criminals. No reader of the Morning Chronicle requires to be informed of our ready sympathy with his Lordship's feelings. For years we have seized every available opportunity of dwelling upon what, in the language of the Lord Mayor, is " the most painful of spectacles," the " crowds of helpless, half-naked children," who swarm in our streets, and become, as if by a fatal necessity, the victims of crime and the permanent feeders of our gaols and our penal colonies. The immediate case before the Lord Mayor was a very common, though a very afflicting one. Three boys, the youngest eight, the eldest twelve years of age, were brought b e f ore hi m . O ne o f them had - been seen by a benevolent gentleman to commit a petty theft ; and he caused them all to be brought up to the Mansion house, with the view of having their apparently desolate condition inquired into, and to see if there were any means of arresting their progress in what the chief civic magistrate of the greatest city in the civilised world was constrained to call " their road to certain destruction." The necessity for something effective being done is even more urgent than probably the Lord Mayor was himself awate of, when he made the observations to which our attention has been called. Hitherto the public have been under the impression that there was in England a reformatory institution for juve nile criminals. When Lord John Russell brought in the Bill for establishing Parkhurst prison, he expressed himself as not being very sanguine as to the results of the insti tution. Tills was both prudent and decorous in a states man officially propounding a measure which was a first step i.a a new system of penal jurisprudence. Still, the prison was distinctly understood to be an experiment, in the way of juvenile reformation, by the State, and up to the date of the last annual report from Parkhurst prison, it was so understood, not merely by the general public, but by the officers of the institution. The last annual report tells us of the mode in which 105 young pri soners have been disposed of. Eighteen were sent to Western Australia with conditional pardons ; three were pardoned on medical grounds ; two were transferred to the Refuge for the Destitute ; and no less than seventy-nine were " removed to Millbank for transportation." For this unusual occurrence the governor of the prison deems it necessary to furnish a special apology. " The :lumber of prisoners," he says, " sent back to Millbank for transportation last year, was, from peculiar circum stances, unusually great. A number of ill-disposed and discontented boys having been discovered, who mani fested no desire to avail themselves of the course of in struction and training pursued at Parkhurst, but mis chievously employed themselves in unsettling others, it was deemed expedient to remove the greater portion of them, and the salutary effect of that step has been very apparent since that time in the improved conduct of the remaining prisoners." It now appears that there is not the least necessity for waking selections amongst the prisoners at Parkhurst. They are all destined for trans. portation. Some time ago Mr. Sergeant Adams, acting in his official capacity as chairman of the Middlesex Sessions, was moved by a similar scene to that which drew forth the earnest appeal of the Lord Mayor. We noticed his observations at the time, and concurred with the Learned Sergeant as to the necessity of ob taining some information respecting the intentions of the Executive with respect to Parkhurst. An official reply has been received, in answer to a letter from Mr. Sergeant Adams ; and this answer we give at length in a separate column. From this we gather the startling fact, that, in future, no juvenile prisoners are to be sent to Parkhurst who are not destined " finally" " to be sent abroad ;" and all magistrates at Quarter Ses sions, when selecting candidates for Parkhurst, are to bear in mind two qualifications which Sir James Gra ham considers to be essential : first, that the age of ad mission is " fourteen," and, secondly, that the " size and stature" are proportionate to the age. Whatever benefit, therefore, Parkhurst prison may prove to be to the colonies, it is clear that, so long as the present Home Secretary is in office, and adheres to what he terms his " uniform rule," there is little chance of any cure being effected of that ulcer of vice and ignorance which is eating into the heart of our social condition. The re marks of the Lord Mayor were re-echoed by the chie; clerk, Mr. Goodman, who, with reference to the case then before the bench at the Mansion -house, declared that though he had been but a short time in his present position, he had seen an infinity of similar in stances. " There appeared, " he said, "no approach to an abatement of the evil, which was certainly one of the greatest ma!nitude" And nothing but an effort of comprehensive character will cure such an enormous mischief. " There was no calamity i " said the Lord Mayor, " comparable to that which sprung from that of bringing up youth in habits and practices of idleness and vice. The Legislature spent hours and days in discussing the principle of edu cation. Could the minds of the representatives of the people be more admirably, more benevolently employed. than in devising means of correcting the awful evil which was always before the eyes of the magistrate, and was almost as frequently encountered by men concerned in the ordinary transactions of life." We press these remarks on our readers ; and, in the language of Mr. Goodman, we could name more t h an one " bnevolent high-minded man" in the House of Commons who nkight take up this que s ti on , ma k e i t hi s own, an d , surmounting at once its obstacles and its difficulties, free us from the absurdity of having to concentrate the whole form and power of our criminal law upon a mere infant—an ab surdity almost as ludicrous as it would be to employ a locomotive engine in hunting down a butterfly. if to entreat me not to desert them. And, in the mag nificence of my emotions and the beauty of my visions, the wordly sarcasms that had lately so shaken me seemed something of another and a lower existence; and I mar velled that, !or a moment, this thin transient cloud could have shadowed the sunshine of my soul. And I arose, and I lifted up my arm to heaven, and waved it like a banner, and I swore by the Nature that I adored, that, in spite of all opposition, I would be an author, ay! the greatest of authors, and that far climes and distant ages should respond to the magic of my sympathetic page." Is not this painted to the very life ?—the agony of the proud spirit bowed down even to the dust, and the glorious energy of conscious intellect rising with new vigour, resolved to dare and conquer all ! But we will not linger with the young Contarini, we leave him to seek the sunny shores of Italy, the be loved country of his dreams—to find the ideal mistress of his heart, and feel the ecstasy of a poet's love. 'We leave him and turn to "Alroy." This is a very different theme, written in another style. It is the history of a conqueror. Like Contarini, it is a perfect picture; we behold the gradual development of character—we perceive the difference of each separate part, yet re cognise the unity of the whole. Alroy is a daring, high-spirited youth, descended from the royal line of David, yet born in captivity. His soul burns for freedom, his ardent spirit pants for the liberation of his countrymen, for the restoration of the ancient glories of Jerusalem. The love of conquest is not yet developed, it is the holy spirit of a patriot, and a believer that animates his breast. His genius finds a way, his daring achieves the glory! Behold him' a conqueror in the land of his captivity ! Bagdad is in his power—now is the time to march to Jerusalem, but the tiger has tasted blood, the lust of pomp and power prevails ; why should he go to Jerusalem ? A not Bagdad as great and glorious ? He stays and finds a Cmpua at Bagdad! All this is beautifully and faithfully related ; the gradual decline as the hero sinks into the conqueror is true to nature; we admire we pity, and we comprehend. " Brief, bright, and glorious was his young career." His better genius exerts her influence at the close, ; the setting of his sun is glorious as its dawn. We have had many histories of conquests, but this is the history of the conqueror. Yet the style is even more beautiful than the tale, a story of the East, it is clothed in all the gorgeous splendour of Oriental ro. ' mance, our translations of the Arabian Nights" are tame in comparison ; but then they are translations, and this is original. The style is solemn, musical, and harmonious ; most of the descriptions are in the flowery language of the East, in slow, melodious measure, breathing the spirit of true poetry. If anything could mar the harmony, it is an occasional rhyme, but hap pily these are few and far between. Amid these poetic beauties, these magnificent descriptions, ever and anon we find some sudden startling passage, some senti ment of wisdom and philosophy, which bids us to lay aside the hook and think ; these examples are nume rous. Perhaps one of the most striking is the foltow ing :—" We make our fortunes, and we call them fate." In these passages we recognise the genius that con ceived " Sidonia." It is needless to say more regard ing these volumes ; those who have not read them may look forward to the perusal with pleasure, and those who know them will be glad to read them again. The first volume contains a portrait of the author, from a likeness by Chalon. It was evidently taken some years back, and represents him "Still fresh with the brightness of youth." As such it forms a fitting accompaniment to a work (to use the beautiful language of Contarini) written " while the dewy freshness of youthful fancy still lin gered on his mind." THE STUDENT'S HELP. By Guido Sorelli. Since the first confusion of tongues, innumerable systems have been advanced to facilitate the acquire ment of different languages. Some have proposed tuition orally, some tuition by books, some tuition by means of tables arranged in a peculiar and mathe matical order. In the present little brochure, its author endeavours to aid all students in Italian and French literature by a method of very ingenious sim plicity. The plan, which is entirely his own, is nothing more than the introduction o f th ree parallel columns of letterpress in each page—first, Italian, then English, then French. By this arrangement the mode of learning to translate from either is left entirely to the option of the teacher, who may at one time, by concealing the original text, require his pupils to give a literal varsion from one or other of the foreign dialects, or at another proceed upbn the opposite principle. In the development of this novel system Guido Sorelli has selected the largest portions of Genesis, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, &c., as specimens of the manner in which the three languages should be placed in j uxtgposition ; and if the publication be not precisely adapted for the generality of scholars, it is deserving of notice trona its feasibility as well as its eccentricity. Whether it would not have materially , improved this rather unpretending work if its com piler had expunged the metrical lessons at the end, is possibly a matter of opinion ; but we must em phatically protest against such extravagant vagaries of verse as that in which Guido Sorelli exclaims— " Stand off, ye stars! nor more in union'd joy illume a world." Still more do we protest against 'the in troduction of anything like fanaticism, or bigotry, or controversial zeal, in connexion with an elementary book of this nature—a book thar circulates among parties too youthful and inexperienced to be able properly to estimate the merits or demerits of any religious tenets. We would remind Guido Sorelli that one of the most divine attributes of Christianity is charity, and that another is justice; and that, con sequently, if he wishes to claim kindred with the followers of the Nazarene, he should never imbue a school-book with malignity towards one body cf men and sycophancy towards another. As a teacher of youth he labours, in this respect, under a heavy re sponsibility. Saving, however, this very great blemish, the small volume before us is elegantly worded and usefully conceived. DISS PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY.—The ninth anni versary of this increasingly popular Society was celebrated at the Crown Commercial Inn, on Tuesday last, the 30th ult., when upwards of fifty gentlemen sat down to a sump tuous dinner, served up in Mrs. Winkup's first-rate style. Mr. Thomas Farrow took the chair, and was supported right and left by the principal gentry of the town, who gave de monstrative proof of the interest they felt in promoting the welfare and prosperity of the Society, by their liberal sub scription to its funds. A good dinner and the usual loyal and patriotic toasts having been duly disposed of, overtures, glees, songs, &c., followed each other in rapid succession. Among the former, the "Caliph of Bagdad" and "Figaro " were played with considerable spirit and precision, and each elicited well-merited approbation. " The Harvest Song," by Mr. Owen Whayman, organist of Eye Church, accompanied on the pianoforte by Mr. Grey, organist of Diss Church, was beautifully sung, and called forth raptures of applause; as did also "Hurrah for the Gipsy's Jovial Life," sung by Mr. Charles Garrod, iron -founder, of Eye, which was deservedly encored • but the song o f th e even i ng was " Th e Pl easures of a Philharmonic Meeting," by Mr. J. B. Rix, which elicited deafening and lasting shouts, and which added much to the hilarity of the evening. In fact, the whole of the entertain ments went off with eclat to the performers, and satisfaction to the company. The thanks of the meeting were unani mously given to Mr. Redgrave, the talented Secretary, for his judicious arrangements, and for his zealous and indefati gable services during thepast year.—From a Correspondent. A litter front the Hague, of the 26th ultimo, con tains the following :—" We have lately had great changes at Court. One of the King's aide-de-camps and two of the Queen's chamberlains have been dismis , .ed. The aide-de camp Is Admiral Arriens, who was tutor to Prince Henry, the King's third son, wh o i s now a full captain. The King is taid to have been highly dis-'atisfied with the manner in which he has brought up this young prince, whose cavalier manners show that he has b een neglected and too much indulged. It is also rumoured that Admiral Arriens had laid claim to the office of Minister of Marine, but in dis regard of this it was given to Admiral Ryk ; upon which Admiral Arriens so far forgot himself as to suffer discontent to exhale in expressions personally irreverent towards the King. The disgrace of Baron de Mackay. the Queen's Chamb.ulain, arose, in the following manner :—At the in auguration of tt.e statue t f William the Taciturn, the Queen and Princesses viewed the ceremony from the balc.:ny of the I alace. A slight rain came on, and the Queen requested the Laron, who was behind her, to procure her an umbrella. According to court etiquette it was the baron's duty to go himself, bring the umbrella, open it, and hold it over her Majesty's head. The chamberlain, however, oreered a lacquey to do what he ought himself to have done. The Queen said nothing at the time, but very shortly after the ceremony Baron de Mackay received his discharge from office. The third dismissal is that of M. Nan Brienen, jun., the Queen's other chamberlain, and who is indebted for it to his having, while with the court at its last visit to Luxem burg, appeared at the court entertainments without his offi cial costume and insignia.". GLASGOW PIG IRON TRADE.—DECEMBER 30. There seems to be a very good feeling this week, speculators looking forward to the French Legislature modifying their tariff rtgarding foreign iron. Cash transactions, however, have beeu very few. In the present state of our market, three or ftair thousand tons forced, for cash, would not com mand 70s. ; while, on the other hand, were as large a (inan e fluctuations b e teuations interesting, which e a t thee ywanted at once, 755. would requir e t o b e paid. One of our largest makers hast,his week (or en d of last week) made a contract with a house in town for 2,000 to ns, at 80s., paying ae January price 65 5. to 70 s . per ton. February .. a small deposit, the iron to be delivered whe n requ i red. The of the b may sellers were open for further contracts at one shilli ng advance. taken place:— closeTlie price h the year, e a (' u r 90s. 120 s. March t t e o a n s i t e 2s s . o 6 m d e . F. om this peliod till let June prices gra dually receded t 0... June July August • RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. THE BROAD AND NARROW GAUGE ENGINES. —EXPERIMENTS FOR TESTING THEIR TRACTIVE CAPACITIES. YORK, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.—The experiments, under the Commission, were resumed here this morning. The experiments yesterday with the 50-tons trains were con sidered so inconclusive, in consequence of the high wind which prevailed; that i; was determined to repeat them to-day. The hour appointed for leaving the station was nine o'clock. The train left at 9h. 2m. 10s., accompa nied by Professor Barlow, Professor Airey, Mr. Watson, Mr. Brunel, Mr. Saunders, Mr. Gooch, Mr. Bidder, Mr. Wyndham Harding, Mr. Berkley, Mr. Cabry, and about a dozen other gentlemen. The day was a favour able one. There was alight breeze to the north, and the rails were in a very fair condition. Contrary to the prac tice observed in the experimental trips upon the Great Western Railwa.y, the train did not stop at the first mile post, and commence its experimental trip from a state of rest. Instead of'doing this, it passed the post at the rate of about eight miles per hour. The following is the working of the train for the 43 miles, that is mea suring from the ',first mile-post out of the York station to the mile-post on the York side of the Darlington station:— 575. 6d. 80s. 60s. 85s. September t October S From that time it has gradually fallen to the present quota tion of If TnE REY. MR. NEwMAN.—The above gentleman, together with several other clergymen who have lately left the Established Church, are making arrangements to take up their residence at old Oscott College, which is situate about one mile from the new establishment. The immediate object of their removal to this residence is not stated, but it is believed that their stay is intended to be more than tem porary. Mr. Newman's library at Littlemore, which it is said consists of about 3,000 volumes of the choicest literary and ecclesiastic a l wo r k s , is in progress o f removal, and exten sive alterations are being made at the above college for their reception. h. m. s. Pas.sed Ist Mile-post at 9 6 30 2 ... ••• 9 8 30 3 ... ... 9 10 0 4 ... 9 11 13 5 ... 9 12 25 6 ... .. 9 13 30 7 ... ... 9 14 36 8 ... ... 9 15 44 9 ... ... 9 16 55 10 ... 9 18 5 n ..: 9 19 15 12 ... 9 20 28 13 ••• .•• 9 21 39 14 ... 9 22 49 15 ... ... 9 23 59 16 ... 9 25 8 17 9 26 18 18 ... 9 27 2S 19 ... 9 28 38 20 ... ... 9 29 48 21 ... 9 30 59 22 ... „.. 9 32 8 23 ... 9 33 20 24 ... ... 9 34 38 25 ... ... 9 35 48 26 „.. 9 37 0 27 ... —v 9 38 11 28 ... 9 39 25 29 ... ... 9 40 36 30 ... 9 41 48 3 1 . 9 42 58 32 ... 9 44 5 33 ... ... 9 45 18 34 ... 9 46 30 35 ... 9 47 43 36 ... ... 9 49 5 87 ... ... 9 50 24 38 ... ... 9 51 44 39 • 0 0 0 40 ... •.. 9 54 12 41 9 55 30 42 ... 9 56 48 43 ... 9 58 10 ... •.. 82 44 ... ... 9 59 58 ... .. 108 The time occupied in performing the distance yester , say was 1 hour 13 minutes 53 seconds, or at the rate o. omething less than 35 miles per hour. It will be seen hat to-day the same distance was accomplished in 53 minutes 28 seconds, or at rather less than 48 miles per hour, the maximum speed (between the sth and 6th mile- posts) being nearly 55 miles per hour. The wine of yesterday may therefore be considered to have offered 4. resistance equal to above 13 miles per hour. The return train with the 50 tons left Darlington ,tation at 11h. 21m. Os., and passed the first mile-post it 1 lh. 22m. 18s. the following is the working of the engine : Time each mile in Seconds. 90s. to 975. 6d. 75 70 70 73 ... 148 h. m. s. Passed Ist Mile-postlit 11 22 18 2 11 24 58 3 ... 11 26 28 4 ... 11 27 53 5 11 29 29 6 11 30 42 7 ... 11 31 58 8 ... 11 33 10 9 ... 11 34 23 10 ... 11 85 42 11 11 36 55' 12 ... 11 37 12 13 ... • 11 38 29 14 ... , 0 0 0 15 ... 11 41 50 16 11 43 8 17 ... 11 44 22 18 ... 11 45 35 19 ... 11 46 42 20 ... 11 47 48 21 ... ... 11 49 0 22 ... 11 50 11 23 ... 11 51 28 24 ... 11 52 43 25 ... 11 53 56 26 11 55 8 27 ... 11 56 19 28 11 57 31 29 ... 11 58 41 30 ... 11 59 51 31 ... ... 12 1 5 32 ... ' 0 0 0 33 ... 12 3 26 34 12 4 32 35 l2 5 43 36 ... ... 12 6 59 37 ... ... 12 8 11 38 ... 12 9 23 39 ... ... 12 10 33 40 ... ... 12 11 43 ... ... 70 41 ... ... 12 12 53 ... 70 42 ... ... 12 14 2 ... 69 43 ... ... 12 15 12 ... 70 44 ... ... 12 16 24 ... ... 72 The duration of this trip was 54 minutes 6 seconds, which shows a speed'Of upwards of 47f miles per hour. The maximum rate (between the 18th and 19th mile posts) was somewhat above 54 miles per hour. The next experimental trip was to have been with a 60 tons train ; but the - Weather was considered so favour able for the time of the year that Mr. Bidder proposed to take a train of 80 tons. This was agreed to, and at a few minutes after two o'clock several other passenger carriages were added, and the train proceeded towards the first mile-post. To make this interesting trial of the new narrow-gauge engines' tractive power with a heavy passenger train, I am about to give a table showing the working of the broad and narrow-gauge engines with the 80 -tons train, and it is therefore right should state that the broad-gauge engine made her trip with a pretty good head wind against her,• and that the narrow-gauge en gine had a light breeze with her during the whole of the Journey. It is also Tiecessary to state that the broad gauge engine commenced her working from a state of rest, and that the narrow-gauge engine passod, at the rate of about 12 miles per hour, the first mile poet, from which I reckon the time of her performance. This will explain the reason of the apparent loss of time by the broad-gauge engine for the first four miles. It will be recollected that the distance gone over by the broad-gauge train was 52 miles. I have taken the first 42, and then the working of the 52d mile, in order to get performances as nearly parallel as possible. ... 160 ... 90 ... 85 ... 96 46 83 ... 76 ' Narrow Broad Guage. Guage. Narrow Gauge. 'Time Time c ...----A—.... 1 each each Time Time .Mile Nile lost gained in in in ; in Passed the Seconds. Seconds. Seconds. ;ISeconds.l first mile- h. m. s. post at ... 2 938 2 211 48 130 122 8 0 3 2 13 18 90 118 0 18 4 2 14 34 76 90 0 14 5 2 15 52 78 80 0 2 6 2 17 11 79 74 5 0 7 2 18 25 74 75 0 1 8 2 19 40 75 68 7 0 9 2 20 52 72 68 4 0 10 22 . 2 5 ' 73 74 0 1 11 2 23 18 ,73 73 0 0 12 224 30 —72 70 2 0 13 2 25 48 , r7B 65 13 0 14 2 27 8 , , 80 65 15 0 15 2 28 26 78 66 12 0 16 2 29 40 74 68 6 0 17 2 30 54 74 67 7 0 18 2 32 12 78 67 11 0 19 2 33 34 82 68 14 0 20 2 35 0 86 68 18 0 21 2 36 22 82 69 13 0 22 2 37 44 82 69 13 0 23 239 0 . 76 69 7 0 24 2 40 18 78 69 8 0 25 2 41 40 82 72 10 0 26 2 43 0 80 71 9 0 27 2 44 20 , 80 71 9 0 28 245 34 ,; 74 71 3 0 ; 29 2 46 50 :' 76 70 6 0 30 2 48 14 l' f 84 69 15 0 31 2 49 32 78 71 7 0 32 2 50 50' 78 74 4 0 33 2 52 8 78 73 5 0 34 2 53 25 77 71 6 0 35 254 42 77 70 7 0 36 256 0 78 70 8 0 37 257 28 88 70 18 0 38 259 0 92 71 21 19 0 39 30 30 90 71 0 40 31 55 85 70 15 0 41 33 18 83 • 70 13 0 42 3 442 , 84 72 12 0 73 11 0 ; 43 3 442 ' 84 44 8 8 8 1 1 8 102 16 1 0 ; the less, in f ac t, This shows that in the 43 miles the narrow gauge lost From this table it is se e n , that with good we a th er to day, the same eng ine u p on t he same line, and going over t h e same gradients (for curves there are none), took SO 3 b 9 ei 7 ng see s o m tid i La t n e d s sg3 a lne 1 seconds 2 6 s . econds only tons 43 miles in 58 minutes 30 seconds, or in 15 minutes 23 seconds less than she took 50 tons yesterday with a side wind against her. The average speed upon the narrow gauge line, with the 80 tons, will be seen to have been about 44 miles per hour, with a maximum speed of 50 miles per hour, while the average speed of the broad gauge was 47i- miles per hour, with a maximum speed of 55 miles per hour. The 80-tons train was not brought back again to York by the same engine. I have not heard what experiments will be tried to morrow.—He, aid Co? respondent. DEATH OF SIR EDWARD DODSWORTH, BART.—We have to notice the d e mise of Sir Edward D o d sw orth, Bart. We hear the respected Baronet died on W e dnesday, at Thornton Hall, his seat, near Bedale, Yorkshire. He was born in 1768, and married in 1804 Miss Dawkins, youngest daughter of Mr. Henry Dawkins, of Standylynch, Wilts. On the death of his father, the first Baronet, in 1789, he suc ceeded to the baronetcy, and in 1821 he assumed the name of "Dodsworth," in lieu of his patronymic, F. Smith, on in heriting the estates of his maternal grandfather, Mr. John Dodsworth, of Thornton, Yorkshire. Having died without issue the baronetcy and estates of Thornton Hall and New land Park devolve to his brother, Mr. Charles Dodsworth, now Sir Charles, born in 1775, and married in 1808 to Miss Armstrong, only daughter of Mr. John Armstrong, of Lis gold, and grand-daughter of the late Lord 13laynv. THE BIRDS IN ST. JAMES'S PARR--This collec- tion, which belongs to the Ornithological Society, at the pre sent time contains upwards of 300 birds, including 21 species and 51 distinct varieties. Although some of the specimens occasionally wander to some distance, but few com paratively are lost, as they generally return, even after a long absence. the secluded plantations and islands being quite congenial to their habits. The mortal remains of the late Col. Gurwood were removed for interment, dom Brighton, to the Tower, where his obsequies will take place. The appointment of Lieut.- Governor of the Tower, which has become vacant by his &Wee, is in the gift of •tlib Duke of Wellington. DEATHS AMONG THE ARIS TOCRACY. The number of Peers who have died in the course of the year 1845 is larger than usual, the number having been in 1843, 20 ; in 1844, 19 ; while this year it has amounted to 28, viz., four Marquises—Sligo, Westmin ster, Downshire, and Ely ; thirteen Earls—St. Germans, Effingham, Mornington, Romney, Egremont (extinct), Abergarenny, Stamford and Warrington, Dunmore, Grey, Spencer, Verulam, Belmore, and Portarlington ; one Viscount—Canterbury ; and tan Barons—Aston (extinct), Wynford, Carbery, Harris, Seaford (inherited by Baron Howard de Walden), Bateman, Montagu (ex tinct), Hartland (extinct), Stuart de Rothesay (extinct), and Wharncliffe. Their resp-ctive ages were as follow : Earl of Dunmore ...... 41 Eart of Verulam • 70 Earl of Belmore 44 Baron llartland 73 Earl of A bergavenny 55 Baron Seaford 74 Marquis of Downshire ... 56 Baron Aston Marquis of Sligo 57 Marquis of Ely Earl of Egremont ...... 58 Earl of Effingham .. 77 Earl Spencer Baron Harris Earl of Portarlington 64 Earl of St. Germans Baron Bateman Viscount Canterbury-- 66 rington... BO Baron Stuart de Rothesay 67 Baron Carbery Earl of Romney 67 Earl Grey Baron Montagu 69 Earl ofMornington B2 Baron Wharncliffe ......... 69 Thus averaging 68 years. The number of each rank who have died during the last three years was : In 1843—Dukes, 3 ; Marquis 1 ; Earls, 8 ; Viscounts, 2 ; B arons, B— tota l , 20 ; of which became extinct or merged into other peerages, 6. In 18 44—Duke, 1 ; Marquises, 2 ; Earls, 6 ; Viscounts, 2 ; Barons, I—total, 19 ; of which became extinct or merged into other peerages, 3. In 1845— Marquises, 4 ; Earls, 13 ; Viscount, 1 ; Barons, 10 —total, 27 ; of which became extinct or merged into other peerages, 6. Totals—. Dukes, 4; Marquises, 7; Earls, 27; Viscounts, 5 ; Barons, 24—total, 66 ; of which became extinct or merged into other peerages, 15. The number of Baronets deceased in 1845 is twenty one, namely—Sirs J. Colt, C. Mackenzie, J. G. Cotterell, T. F. Buxton, H. Oakley, J. Isham, H. J. Tichborne. G. H. IV. Beaumont, W. S. Wiseman, A. R. Dillon, J. E. Honywood, F. Freeling, E. Barry, J. Mordaunt, W. IV. Pepys (inherited by Lord Cottenham), C. Rowley, M. J. Tierney, W. Foulis, W. Reid, L. Jones, and J. Ctietwode. In 1844 the number was 29, and in 1843, 31. The following Members of the House of Commons have also vacated their seats by death during the last year—Hon. Otway Cave, county of Tipperary ; Colonel Rushbrooke, West Suffolk ; Sir W. W. Follett, Exeter ; Joseph Somes, Dartmouth Alexander Murray, Kirk cudbrightshire ; Benjamin Wood, Southwark ; Colonel E. B. Chive, Hereford; Peter Grsenall, Wigan; Sir John Mordaunt, South Warwickshire ; John Ramsbottom, Windsor ; and John Irving, county of Antrim. As to the eulogium w hich follows, it is as empty as it is mawkish ; and it requires much more logical and argumentative powers than are possessed by the author of the " New Timon," or even by Colonel Mitchell himself, to prove that the " iron image" of Wellington would indeed look gallantly beside "Marlborough's tomb, or lost Napoleon's throne !" For a picture of any one but O'Connell none could mistake the following forcible lines : " But who, scarce less by every gazer eyed, Walks yonder, swinging with a stalwart stride? With that vast bulk of chest and limb :issign'd So oft to men who subjugate their kind; So sturdy Cromwell push'd broad-shoulder'd on; So burly Luther breasted Babylon; So brawny Cleon bawld his Agora clown; And large-limb'd Mahmoud cluteb'd a Prophet's crown! Ay, mark him well! the schemer's subtle eye The stage mime's plastic lip your search defy. The blood all fervour, and the brain all guile— The patriot's bluntness, and the bondsman's wile." After having thus mentioned that great embodiment of Irish turbulence, and glanced for a moment on the errant (not knight-errant) Lord Stanley, whom he styles the " Rupert of Deby.te," our author sketches Lord John Russell in these peculiar terms : " Next cool, and all unconscious of reproach, Comes the calm Johnny, who upset the coach.' How formed to lead, if not too prcud to please— His fame would fire you, but his manners freeze. Like or dislike he dues not care a jot; He wants your vote but your affection not; Yet human hearts rived sun, as well as oats — So cold a climate plays the deuce with votes. And while his doctrines ripen day by day, His frost-nipp'd party pines itself away;— But see our statesman when the steam is on, And languid Johnny glows to glorious John! When Hampd4-re's thought, by Falkland's muses drest, Lights the p:de cheek, and swhlls the generous breast; When the pent heat expands the quickening soul— And foremost in the race the wheels of genius roll!" Mixed with some shrewdness, a dash of erroneous sarcasm, and an occasional indication of drollery, these outlines of our contemporary rulers are not altogether unworthy of the men themselves, while the introduction of them tends considerably to render the other portions of the romance doubly piquant and zestful. That the " New Timon" is the produc tion of no inexperienced pen, that the imagination of its author is modulated to a classical composure, that he is no obscure observer of the social or political ad vancement of this age, is evidenced in every para graph. Whoever he may he, he need not disown his offspring through fear of its demerits. CONTARINI FLEMING.—ALROY. Romances by B. Disraeli, M.P 3 Vol. _ _ _ Mr. Disraeli has been greatly celebrated during the last few years for his brilliant and satirical speeches in the House, and his admirable delineations of modern society. The new generation look to him with confidence. He not only thinks deeply, but speaks boldly : the first to denounce a narrow pre • judice, the foremoit to support a righteous cause. Though entirely differing from him in political opinions, at least in what regards the outward form, we cordially agree with the principles he advocates, and regard him as a real reformer. The flimsy dis guise of political dishonesty, the empty subterfuge of the hypocrite, give way before the breath of his withering sarcasm, while the wronged and the suffer- Mg find in him a powerful friend. His pen is ever ready in their cause, and speaks the language of a feeling heart. Such are the qualities which have gained him the approbation of the multitude, such the qualities whi c h h ave exc it e d th e enm it y o f the few. It is in a very different character he appears in the works now before us. These were written many years back, and are now republished for the benefit of the new generation. Here we scarcely recognise the philosopher and politician so much as the poet. To write the story of Contarini Fleming was a bold and original undertaking, but it was successful. The author's object was not to chronicle the adventures of an ordinary being, to indite a common biography; his aim was to pourtray the rise and progress of genius, to develop the formation of a poet. It is not a record of events and accidents, but a history of ideas, and thoughts, and passions. " The noblest study of mankind is man." The most glo - rious subject of contemplation is the human mind—and what mind can compare to a poet's ? Ah, what a combination is presented to our view ! what burning desire for fame—what high ambition—what thrilling hope, and gloomy, hesitating doubts—what bright hours of inspiration—what days of joy and ni g ht s o f sorrow ! N ow ra i se d to the loftiest eminence of blissful anticipation—now sunk to the lowest depth of despair ! The creature of extremes, feeling joy and sorrow in the uttermost degree—and love, the most ennobling of all human passions —how pure and holy is the love of a poet ? From the gorgeous realms of imagination he brings a thousand unknown charms " to clothe with excel., lence the thing beloved ;" he paints her beauty with colours borrowed from the heaven of his fancy ; he bows in ecstacy before his idol's shrine— his mighty spirit yields a passionate adoration. To delineate such emotions Contarini Fleming was undertaken ; it was a daring task, but its intentions are fulfilled. It is, indeed, written con amore, with the ease of one who comprehends his subject, with the truth of one who has himself experienced the feelings he describes. Fortune placed Contarini in a situation well calculated to develop genius. Nursed amid the cold snows of the north, the young poet yearned for his mother's lovely land, the beautiful Ansonia, ignorant of a mother' s love, so dear to all, above all to the children of genius, with a heart glowing with fond affection, he found few to love, and none to comprehend him. We sympathise with the lonely sorrows of the friendless child, we follow with interest his career at school and college, we see him ever the creature of extremes—now the gayest of the gay, the leader of mirth and folly, gaining the hearts of his comrades by his lively, ardent temper—now studying Greek twelve hours a day, and winning a golden medal amidst " classic cheers"—learning the philosophy of Voltaire, and flying from the world to the depths of a lonely forest to be the leader of a band of robbers. His strange education thus concluded, he returns to his home and enters public life. He consigns his wild poetic effusions to the flames, and devotes himself to politics with all the ardour of his nature. His father filling the post of Minister, he is introduced to the Government under his auspices ; here he waits awhile, versed in all mysteries of poli tical intrigue, regarded as a promising statesman. But the ruling passion of his life is strong, and again exerts its influence ; he flies to solitude ; there he pours forth the feelings of his heart in a bitter satire of his recent companions—his ministerial colleagues are not forgotten. " Manstein" is published without its author's name ; it excites immediate and universal attention. In describing this portion of his hero's life, Mr. Disraeli seems to have anticipated the pub lication of his own " Co ing sby " some thirteen years afterw ar d s . The excitement which that celebrated novel o ccas i oned finds acounte!part in the hi s t or y o f around mingled x with th e ga y i " Manstein." Wh en crowd, he heard all Contarini: A a a n m st a e ti in on 4 A lil h ce the following :—" Have you read must get it directly. The oddest b oo k that ever' ywoaus written. We are all in it, we are all in it! There is the Baron de Bragnaes—he is really hit off to the life —very satirical—very odd—very personal—ail in it—must get it—very witty—very flippant— everybody is reading it. It is full of imagination, and very personal, very personal, indeed ; we are all in it. You are there! ' The name of the author is soon discovered, and Contarini finds himself sur rounded by enemies ; this troubles him little ; he cares not for the smiles of the world. There is one thing he cares for, however; it is thus powerfully described : " About two months after the publication of 'Manstein,' appeared a new number of the great critical journal of the north of Europe. One of the works reviewed was my notorious production. I tore open the leaves with a blended feeling of desire and fear, which I can yet re member. I felt prepared for the worst. I felt that such grave censors, however impossible it was to deny the decided genius of the work, and however eager they might be to hail the advent of an original mind, I felt that it was but reasonable and just that they should dis approve of the temper of the less elevated portions, and somewhat dispute the moral tendency of the morte exalted. " With what horror, with what blank despair, with what supreme, appalling astonishment, did I find myself, for the first time in my life, a subject of the most reck less, the most malignant, and the most adroit ridicule. I was scarified, I was scalped. They scarcely con deacendcid to n ot i ce my d rea df u l sat i re, except to remark, in passing, that, by the by, I appeared to be as ill tempered as I . was imbe c il e . B ut , w i t h a ll my e l oquence, and all . tuy fancy, mid all th e strong expression of my secret feelings, these ushers of the court of Ap o llo faith laughed me off Pa rnassus , and h e ld me up to pu bii c scorn, as exhibiting th e most lamentable instance of mingled pretension and weakness, and th e most l u di crous specimen of literary delusion that it had ever been their unhappy office to castigate, and, as they hoped, to cure. ov : r 1 : 1 113 ' e . fellism visi n; my k n e, f • r s u t in rem m ble y hda. felt that th fi a lm t sickness fioated of heart that we experience in our first s er i ous scrape. I was ridiculous. It was time to die. "What did it signify? What was authorship to me? What did I care for their flimsy fame—l, wh o not yet of age, was an important functionary of the State, and wh o , might look to it s hi g h est con fidence and honours? I t was really too l u di crous . I t r i t -d to laugh. I did s m ith very bitterly. The insolence of these fellows ! Why! if I could not write, surely I was not a fool. I had dove something. Nobody thought me a fool. On the ci n trary, everybody thought me a rather extraordinary person. What would they think now? I felt a qualm. " I buried my face in my hands ; I summoned my thoughts to their last struggle, I penetrated into my very soul; and I felt the conviction that literary creation was necessary to my existence, and that for it I was formed. And all the beautiful and dazzling forms, that had figured in my youthful visions, rose up before me, crowned monarchs, and radiant heroes, and women brighter than day; but their looks were mournful, and they extended their arms with deprecating anguish, as COURT t: llt CU LAR. WINDSOR, TH U'RSDAY.—'Th is being New Year's-day, the Queen, Prince Albert, the Duchess of Kent, the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, proceeded to the riding-school this morning, to be present at the distribution of the royal charity to the poor of the borough. Her Majesty was attended uy Viscountess Jocelyn and the two Maids of Honour. There were also present Lady Peel, Lady Graham, the Dowager Lady Lyttelton, Honourable Miss Lyttelton, Lady Fanny Howard, Lord W. Russell, Mr. G. E. and the Honourable Mrs. Anson, Colonel Bowles, the Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Courtenay, Sir George and Lady Couper, Colonel Berkeley Drummond, and also the clergy and the magistrates of the town. The royal party having arrived, the distribution of provisions and clothing took place. The provisions, of the value of 1501., consisted of bread, meat, potatoes, pudding, and coals, and were distributed to 486 families from the two parishes in the borough of Windsor, viz., the parishes of St. John and the Holy Trinity. The clothing was of the value of 1001., consisting of blankets, red cloaks, calico, and flannel, and was dis tributed to 228 families, selected in a similar manner from the same parishes. Seven hundred and fourteen families thus participated in the royal bounty, receiving in value 2501. On the return of her Majesty and her Royal Consort, his Royal Highness went out to hunt with his harriers, accompanitd by the Earl of Lincoln, and attended by Mr. Anson and Major-General Wemyss. The Right H on . Sid ney H er b ert left the Castle to-day. Colonel B ouvrr i e h as arrived, and in has the sduuetcieees of Major-G eneral Sir Edward Bowater Equerry in W a i t i ng on his Royal Highness Prince Albert. Her Majesty and Prince Albert promenaded in the p l eas ure-grounds for some tim e t h parry this ev ening w ill i nclude her k Royal a l i tn d e i sr t e l r le Duchess of Kent, Lady Funny Howard, Baroness de Speth, Lady Isabella, w etnyss, Rev. Lord Wriothesley Russell, Mr. Guo. ge Edward and Hon. Mrs. Anson, Colonel Sir George Couper, and the Hon. and Rev. C. L. Courtenay. The band of the 2d Life Gwirds Wen" during dinner. „ . lier Majesty's private band afterwards attend in the Castle. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge attended the service in Grosvenor Chapely@sterday morning. Dispatches wore sent otf yesterday evening from the Colonial-oflice for the Governors of the West India Colonies. MINISTERIAL OVEMENTS. Sir Robert Peel, accompanied by Lady Peel, lcaves Windsor Castle this morning for town, after a visit to t►er Majesty since Tuesday last. The Earl of Lincoln and the Rtht Hon. W. E. Glad stone also close their visit to the Quet n, and return to town. It is expected that Sir James Graham will remain at ,he Castle until to-morrow afturnoou. The Eat of Aberdeen, the Earl of Haddington, and the Right Hon. H. G , ,ulburn are in town. We tier that there will he a Cabinet Council on Monday next. The Earl of Ellenborough will take possession of the First Lord's residence at the Admiralty in a fortnight. The. arl of St. Germans comes to town to-day from Port Eliot, his seat in Cornwall, and will forthwith enter on the duties of Postmaster-General, in the room of the Earl of Lansdale, who had placed his resignation in the hands of Sir Robert Peel prior to theßighton. Baronet resigning a few weeks since. Both the Earl of Ellenborough and the Earl of St. Germans are to have seats in the Cabinet, but they will not enter as members until after the next Privy Council. The Duke of Wellington is expected to arrive at Aps ley House either this evening or tau-morrow, from Strath fieldsaye, Hants, and the Noble and Gallant Duke does not intend to return there to receive company this winter, as his time will be fully occupied by; public business.— Mornin g paper. DEATIT BY SCALDING.—An inquest was held yeAterday (Wednesday), before Mr. Delassaux, Coroner, at Ashford, on the body of a child, named Charlotte Elizabeth Taswell, whose death had - resulted from scalding. While seated around the kitchen fire, on the 23d ult., with a number of other children, she attempted to stir the coals, when the top bar of the range broke, and a saucepan of boiling water fell over, by which she was severely scalded, and died the same night. A verdict of "Accidental death" was returned. —Kentia4 Oistirw. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. The crickets are now merrily chirping away at almost every theatre in London, and last night the Cricket on the Health, of the Princess's, commenced its chirp, and was as merry and as successful as any of its compeers. It is sufficient to say, that Mrs. Stirling was Dot, for our readers to be assured that the character was grace fully, touchingly, interestingly sustained. Mr. Ryder was a rough and energetic representative of John Peery bingle, but he is not equal to Emery. He has yet to learn that it is possible to be intense without being boisterous. Compton's Caleb Plummer was not only the best acted character in the piece, but by tar the best Caleb Plummer that has yet appeared. He made up the part beautifully, and was in perfect keeping throughout. It was a finished picture by a most accom plished artist. Little Miss Marshall made a most inte resting Bertha, and Miss Somers a humorous Tilly Slowboy. The Stranger was very well acted by Mr. Leigh Murray. The contrast between the decrepitude of extreme age in the earlier scenes and the joyous energy of youth in the concluding one, was admirably brought out. The mounting of the piece was excellent, and the appearance of the fairies was very well managed. The house was crowded, the applause was enthusiastic, and at the conclusion the audience would not be content übtil they had called all the artistes befure the curtain. ON THE NEW PLANET, DISCOVERED BY PROFESSOR ENEKE, AND CALLED BY HIM `• ASTILEA," AFTER THE GODDESS OF JUSTICE. Ye elder-born of God's bright family! Receive the sister to your circle given, And bid her welcome to her place in Heaven! And ye, 0-sons of earth, when in the sky, Her glimmering lamp ye trace, and by her name, Call her, Astrma—lift your hearts on nigh! And pray that He whose star did once proclaim Good tidings at this season, years gone by, May bless this omen likewise for a sign Of better things! Injustice, Fraud, and Wrong, Have ruled the desolated earth too long; 0 may the year that marks the new star shine, In Heave❑ above, behold on earth as well As trwa—exil'd long —return to dwell! R. F. SUICIDE.—On Thursday evening an inquest was held at the Pickled Egg public-house, befora Mr. Wakley, M.P., and a jury, on the body of Mr. John Cundale, of the firm of Cundale and Morgan, Italian warehousemen, 42, Am well-street, Pentonville. On Tuesday last the inhabitants of Holfor&square, one of those new ranges of buildings springing up so rapidly in the northern part of the metro polis, were alarmed by the sound of a pistol-shot. The square is within a few perches of the Clerkenwell Police-court, and Marryatt, police-constable 31 G, being on duty there, and hearing the report, ran to the house, 34, in the square, whence it. proceeded. On entering the first floor front room he was shocked at the spectacle before him. The floor and one of the windows were besmeared with blood. The upper part of the head was quite blown off, and the skull was quite emptied of its contents. The weapon with which the un fortunate man destroyed himself, an old horse-pistol, lay be side him. The ball passed through the window, one of the panes of which was broken. The constable sent for Mr. Mullard, a surgeon in Percy-street ; but it is needless to say the man died instantly. Seven bullets, a card-case, and a spy •glass were found in his pocket. The body was removed to the workhouse. The house in which he committed the rash act is not yet finished, and mechanics were at work in the lower past of when the shot was fired. So bent was he on suicide, that on leaving home in the morning he left his watch behind him, and divided one of the leaden bullets wLth which he loaded the pistol, that the work of destruction might be more effectual. The inquest was adjourned. There is no doubt of the deceased having died by his own hand, but the jury, from the imperfect evidence, were not able to say he was insane at the moment. SUICIDE OF A YOUNG GENTLEMAN BY PRUSSIC ACID.-011 Wednesday, Mr. Wakley, M.P., Coroner, held an inquest at the Six Bells public-house, Hammersmith, on the body of Mr. George Hampton Trenchard, aged 19 years, who committed suicide by prussic acid on the night of Sun day last. Mr. William Simpson deposed that he lived at 13radmore House, Hammersmith, and isa surgeon. Deceased was witness's pupil, and was about 19 years of age. He was a member of a highly respectable family. Deceased was 4fouinl dead by witness on the night of Sunday last, about half-past eleven o'clock, in the green-house at the bottom of , witness's garden. lie found the deceased lying on the floor on his side, and he appeared as a drunken man would. Mr. Gatleff, another pupil, was with witness. Witness imme diately felt deceased's pulse and found him to be quite dead and, cold. Deceased had been with witness about eighteen months, fourteen of which he had been an articled pupil. Had noticed no change in the conduct of the deceased pre vious to his death. Deceased was generally very good natured and steady. Witness judged that be was not quite of sober habits from havink, missed a quantity of tincture of cardiinums, which had been afterwards watered From the evidence of other witnesses, it appeared that a bottle of prussic acid was found in the green-house, and a letter was also found in the handwriting of the deceased, in which he stated his iutention of taking prussic acid, as his only re source of happiness. It further appeared that the cause of his distress was an accusation made against him by his fel low-pupil, the truth of which he admitted, but had received forgiveness. The jury, after a short consultation, returned a verdict—" That the deceased destroyed himself by taking prussic acid while in an unsound state of mind." PISTEE ASYLUM FOR FEMALE ORPHANS, W""1 quar terly Thursday afternoon, genera l ?fethe above g terly court of the Governors and Directors_ the office of stated that there were ten candidates or cha rity took place at. the board-room i n the istitution. It was morn ing preacher to the asylum, vacant by the resignation, and it demise, of the Rev. W. R. Wylde, A.M., as previously stated by mistake. Out of these ten, four had preached their probationary sermons; and the fifth candidate, the Rev. H . C. Knox, would preach his on Sunday morning next, in the chapel of the institution, in the presence of the Duke of Cam ' bridge, the President of the asylum. After the usual routine the majority of the meeting expressed business, such as passing and examining bills, &c., had been g te r d Lified by the flourishing pros themselves h t r i a g n h s l a y c l SolomonßU SA , JERUSALEM.—The Alexander, prospects of the institu tion! and then broke up, flourishing Bishop first Bishop of the United el a — rui T er h , e Dl l . l , l tl ° le f lurch of England and Ireland in Jerusalem, whose death we recently announced to have taken place in Novcmber last, has just been proved in London; the personal effects in this country were sworn under 7,0001. It appears to have been made just previous to his Lordship's de parture from this country for Egypt, and about a month after his consecration to this foreign see, being dated Ist December, 1841. lie has left to his executors and trustees, the Rev. John Christian Reichardt, clerk, and C. H. Corbett, Esq., both residents of London, the whole of his property, real and personal, in trust for his wife, to receive the interest for her life while unmarried, and at her death, or second mar riage, then to his children absolutely. (Signed) "M. S. Angel Heirosol." The Right Reverend Prelate had only presided for four years over this newly established Bishopric in the Ottoman Empire, which embraces Syria, Chaldea, Egypt, and Abyssinia. His death was sudden and unexpected. having left his residence to attend a visitation of a part of his diocese, and accompanied by his wife and daughter was proceeding across the Desert from Syria, on his way to Cairo in Egypt, when near Balbeis, and within a few hours of reaching his intended destination; a sudden stroke of death terminated his labours on the 23d November, 1845. His remains were carried to Alexandria for interment.—Post. SECESSION FROM THE CHURCH.—The Rev. Edgar Estcourt, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, was received a few days since into the Roman Catholic Church at Prior Park, near Bath. Mr. Estcourt is nephew to the Member for Ox ford University.—Post. GRETNA-GREEN MARRIAGES —We lately insertedin our columns a paragraph to the effect that all Gretna-green marriages would be put an end to by an Act to come into operation at the new year. A legal bachelor correspondent informs us that this is a mistake, no such Act being in exist ence; so that any of our English readers who are wishing to escape with their " true loves" from "fathers with flinty hearts ' will yet have an opportunity of doing so. The para graph, we suspect, arose from the- circumstance of Lord Brougham having inserted - a clause to that effect in one of the eine Bills he introduced last session for the improvement of the law.—These, however, were not passed.—Greenock . Advertiser. HIGH TlDE.—There was another unusually high tide in the Thames yesterday afternoor, and considerable damage was again done on both sides of the river. Passen gers could not laud from the steamers at some of the customary places, THE ARMY. PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 31.-68th Durham Light In fantry —Captain Phipp's company was relieved on Saturday from Tipner Ordnance station by Captain Kennedy's, and proceeded to Fort Cumberland, there not being sufficient quarters within the town to accom modate the whole of the garrison. The subaltern's detachment of thirty men, stationed at Marchwood Ordnance station, near Southampton, has been relieved by a similar one from the 74th High landers. Ensign Lord Hinton, of this regim en t ( t h e eldest son of Earl P ou l ett), has retired from the army. The 74th Highlanders, quartered at Gosport, under the command of Lieutenant -Colonel Crabbe, K.H. have received orders to co mmence wearing their Highland costume on the 26th of April, 1846. ROYAL MARINE ARTILLERY.—The finding and sen tence of the General Court-martial, held on the 26th inst., on gunner John Boulton, having been approved by the Admiralty, were promulgated this morning at parade-time. The charges against gunner John Boul ton were :—" In having made his escape from his quar ters when confined as a punishment for a previous offence, and not returning till brought back by an escort; and for having struck Sergeant Elliot, of the Royal Ma rine Artillery, his superior officer, when in the execution of his duty." The Court found the prisoner Guilty of both charges, and sentenced him to twelve months' imprisonment, of which three are to be solitary, and nine with hard labour. This sentence is ordered to be read at the head of the four divisions of the Royal Marines. General practice from the land and sea service bat teries took place on Monday last at Fort Cumberland, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Gibsone, Royal Marines. kessrs. Adair, Mawbey, and Heastly have received commissions as Second Lieutenants. The two former officers are appointed to the Portsmouth, and the latter to the Chatham division. ARMY RECRUITS.—By order issued from the Horse Guards, it is directed that " until further orders the minimum size of recruits for the infantry of the line will be half an inch below the standard prescribed by the ge neral orders of May, 1844, viz., men at five feet six, and growing lads under eighteen years of age as low as five feet five and a half inches. Recreuits forregiments in India, China, New South Wales, and St. Helena, to be eligible at five feet five and a half inches, if not under eighteen years of age. By command, &c." PARKHURST PRISON. The following is a copy of a letter which has been re cently received by the Court of Quarter Sessions for the county of Middlesex, relative to the sending of prisoners to Parkhurst Prison :-- " Whitehall, Nov. 14, 1845. " Sir,—l am directed by Secretary Sir James Graham, to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 27th of August last, in which, after adverting to Sir James Graham's opinion in his letter of the 16th of that month, that it is inexpedient to pass sentence of transportation on children for offences not of an aggravated character, merely for the purpose of obtaining their admission to Parkhurst Prison,' you observe that the Court of Quarter Sessions over which you preside will be placed in some difficulty unless it obtains a clear understanding of the nature of the cases which are considered proper for ad mission to that prison ; and you further observe, that if the fitness of the prisoner is to be judged by the cha racter of the offence of which he is convicted, the prison will become a dead letter, so far as the county of Mid dlesex is concerned. " Sir James Graham directs me to inform you, in the first place, that it is no part of the design of the_ esta blishment at Parkhurst to relieve counties from the charge and the maintenance of j uven il e offenders, and he cannot, therefore, take notice of that consideration. " I am also to inform you, Sir James Graham is of opinion that prisoners who have been guilty of offences, not of a serious description, for which they would be more properly punished by imprisonment, and not by transportation, are not fit subjects for admission into Parkhurst prison. All prisoners admitted there are to be finally sent abroad, and before they are sent, are to be subjected to a long and very strict discipline ; this is the rule that has been uniformly acted upon by Sir James Graham ; and it app ears t o hi m to b e man if est l y un j ust that offenders should be so punished in cases where, if no such establishment as that at Parkhurst had existed, they would have received no higher punishment than imprisonment in this country. " Some limitation and selection have been found by experience to be necessary with regard to the age and size of prisoners, as all prisoners admitted into Park hurst are ultimately destined to work in the colonies. The fittest age for admission is considered to be about fourteen, and the size or stature should be proportionate. " Sir James Graham requests that this information may be communicated to the magistrates of the county, and that in making recommendations for admission of prisoners into Parkhurst prison, the principles above mentioned should for the future be observed.—l am, &e. (Signed) " S. M. PHILLIPS. " Mr. Sergeant Adams. &c." SERIOUS ACCIDENT IN ST. MARYLEBONE WORK HOUSE.—Yesterday morning, between three and four o'clock, a serious accident occurred in St. Marylebone workhouse, which, it is feared, will prove of fatal consequences. George Mil!son, aged 18, an inmate of the workhouse, had by some means got out of his sleeping-room on to the roof of the build ing, and passed over the roofs until he arrived at the women's side of the building, where the disorderly young females are confined in a separate building, known as the round tower. In attempting to descend into the yard by a rope, he fell on to the paving -stones, a height of 30 feet. The groans of the unfortunate sufferer being heard, assistance was rendered, and he was immediately removed to the infirmary, where he lies without hope of recovery. FATAL COLLISION ON THE TYNE.--An inquest was held at the river police station, in North Shields, on Tuesday, before Mr. Reed, the Coroner, on view of the body of William Souter, of Arbroath, who was drowned under the following circumstances :—lt appeared that on the 6th of November, about 3 o'clock in the morning, the deceased, with four other persons, was proceeding in a sculler boat on the river, near the ferry landing at North Shields, towards a ship lying in one of the tiers, when the steam ferry-boat was crossing the water from the south to the north side, the boat was struck by the starboard bow of the Ferry, and capsized, the crew being precipitated into the river. Their shouts were heard from the shore, and a number of boats put off to their assistance, and succeeded in res cuing four of the persons, but the deceased was carried away by the tide and drowned. His body was not found till Monday, when it was seen floating some distance from where the accident occurred. Several witnesses were examined, including the boatman, who stated that he hailed the Ferry before the collision took place, and attributed the accident to a want of due caution on the part of those on board the Ferry. The crew of the Ferry proved that a light was exhibited as usual at the masthead, that two of them were stationed to " look out," that they did not hear any one hail them, and that the sculler boat came out at the head of a tier of vessels just as the Ferry was turning in to make the landing, and was then directly under the Ferry's bow, so that the collision was unavoidable. The jury having consulted some time, returned a verdict of "Acci dental death," with a deodand of 30/. on the Ferry, at the same time intimating that they had found some difficulty in agreeing upon their verdict, owing to the contradictory state ments of the witnesses. This is the first accident of the kind which has occurred with the Ferry, which has now been fifteen Sears in operation. _ _ _ The following notice was posted at the General Post office this morning :—" General Post-office, January, 1846. Her Majesty's Government having ascertained that a charge for postage has been re-imposed by the Brazilian Post-office upon newspapers from the United liingdom delivered by the post in Brazil, British newspapers addressed to that c ountry will hereafter be liable to a charge of 2d. each, which must be paid in advance; newspapers received from Brazil will be Unitedalso v t h eAnn a . spt r rc a eAc t ee e ts: sir o sfu f :13, 2 a treatment de. on their erln.4:coLfr d eoeAitncisveit Cronin has delivery to the Leicester-place, use of AnaßsPrae:siiitcahhiientietih,neel re moved from 6, p n s o d u r o t t a l i t l e c r affectionsf of the chest. Dr. Leicester square, where he may be daily consulted on the : at t m l2 b C su e r m o h n p a i d n d ' o o s n f lr i e v a u ti t s h e e e i n m An , s, a p s p a as te i n a i , o T st h e i r r . d ro E v, d r, it o io r n, at pr t ic h e e l or a ' y s address above.—" Were Di. Cronin's facts less conclusive 3asu'l c th on a s n un th ri e Ttio a i r t e ) would render apathy whioclyi Eunyardonable."-- Norniengo C on t nr h ot e n hi ec l e . subject part of (the theaffl cure ct e o d f the year Al.,111()N FISHERIES.—With th e l as t d a y o f terminates the close season for salmon in the river Severn and its tributaries, and on New Year's-day it will be again lawful to take seasonable salmon. We use the word seasonable, because at the very early period of which, by the present law the season commences, there are so many spawning fish in the river; fortunately the present high floods will bring down the spawn fish before the netting begins, and consequently a vast number will be saved for next year's supply—the late high waters have been most favourable fur the spawning season. We caution all persons that they will incur a penalty of not less than 51. for taking or having in their possession an unseasonable salmon. The Severn Fisheries Association intend putting the law in this respect strictly in force, as also those against using nets for taking fish during the night time or on Sundays. We un derstand that the new Bill, to be introduced by Sir T. Win nington, will be vigorously pushed forward in the next ses sion, and we sincerely hope that it will become the law of the land, and that one uniform fence time, suitable to the habits of the salmon, may be fixed upon in all the rivers of England and Wales. We shall give an abstract of the Bill in our next.— Worcester Chronicle. FATAL ACCIDENT.—One of the most melancholy events which it has been our province to chronicle oc. cured on Tuesday last, at Bishop's pull. It appears that on the afternoon of that day the son of Lieutenant- Colonel Collis, a youth about fifteen years of age, ac companied the son of J. Walters, Esq., a gentleman residing in the same vicinity, on a shooting excursion. It was getting towards dark, and the parties were about to return home, when a rabbit came in view. Mr. Walters fired, and wounded the rabbit, which rolled on the ground, unable to escape, and whilst he had raised the the gun and taken aim to effectually destroy the animal, the unfortunate young gentleman rushed forward to secure it, when he received the contents of t he discharge in his head—his brains being blown out, presenting a horrid and sickening spectacle.—Somerset County Gazette. WEATHER.—FARMING AFFAIRS, &C.—Owing to the very boisterous and wet weather comparatively little wheat sowing has yet been done in this district. It is fully three weeks later than last year. A good many pptatoes are still in drill ; but the very wet weather has ok r bn a te rather a h ti e, e lira r n rgg l t i ehawassert:elainiv was h. d ,aaisl i ta h , eveeei expected, tallerpbdeee ce c nt y dpzu. t a b decay —at operation, eh s i rtteiarotstni thought hs ato i na s urdgc t hfh h at e rmtmoi e lel x bri poi , nee of some. Of those in pits, some are keeping al s who have ave an n tl c no mills ar :tt f le with re, elygi o v u i giving theganybad e diseasel e p ti c .... ta A toe yr s to Observer. TREAT TO FACTORY OPERATIVIS.-011 Christmas' eve, the mill-owners in Lancaster gave a treat to their workpeople, by assembling them together at a tea-party, after which dancing commenced and was kept pp to an early hour. Such meetings cannot be too highly com mended, as showing the good feeling existing between employers and the employed,--Preston Guardia', ' I •-• ant