The Sun. — London, England, 1846-08-08 00:00:00

thook-ht ballad shown thatAunjustifleAl in, making the, h rice he did, but it was said Mr. Wilson, being a friend of his, he bad opportunities of speaking to that gentleman neon the matter and biasing hie judgment. Now the fact was, he never exchanged a sentence with Mr. Wilson on the subject, nor did he know what Mr. Wilson's opinion was, or Mr. Wilson his own opinion upon it, till after the inquiry.—( Hear, hear. ) It was quite true that Dr. Hall, Dr. Reid, and Dr. Warren and Mr. Day expressed an opinion different to Mr. Wilson ; but did they dispute the discoveries made by that gentleman ? ( Hear, hear.) Did they dispute the change in the position of the muscles?—(Hear, hear.) Did they dispute that there was a pulpy matter surrounding the muscles, or did they dispute that the muscles were in close proximity to extremely inflamed parts of the body ?—( Hear, hear.) No ! they did not. Well, then, let them remember that Mr. Wilson expressed a positive opinion on the subject, and gave it as his conviction that the flogging was the cause of death.—( Hear, hear.) Could the jury do otherwise than rely upon such practical and impartial authority as this. The jury agreed with Mr. Wilson, and it was his conviction that they were perfectly right.—f Hear, hear.) Now this brought him to the question immediately before the House. The Noble Lord prnpesed to limit the number of lashes to 50, but there were circumstances under which the 50 m'ght be as severe as 200.—( Hear.) Of what length was the cat to be ?—( Hear, hear.) Of what weight ? What kind of thong ? How many knots was it to have ? What time was the punishment to take up ? ( Hear, hear.) These were things which had not been taken into considera. tion, arid if they were not carefully regulated, the 50 lashes might be unfortunately worse than 100.—( Hear, hear.) The subject connected with the influence which external in juries involved on the interior of the body had undergone much attention of late, but it seemed to be an established rule in the army that flogging could never cause death.—(Hear, hear.) A rule which, in his opinion, was in oppocitton to every principle of common sense.—(Oh, oh l) He said that was his opinion, and let him remark that he Ihd no motive for doing so.— (Hear, hear.) The Honourable Gentleman having alluded to two cases which had recently occurred, where a slight skin injury had produced inflammation of the chest, which resulted in death, went on to say, the importance of the skin had hitherto been overlooked, and it was now tolerably certain that many persons had died from injuries to the skin, without the cause of death ever being discovered.—(Hear, hear.) It was said, however, that the surgeon ought to exercise caution, and take especial care to discover whether the man were in a condition to be punished. T o rg:0! 0014,0610%1 OS-WO :a tkessfes• the ab o lition t o sp. Ile thought it would be a dencsercitis rtes t it a l together, and film he inconsistently propose:( titration motion to that effect. The question under consi. • „'ration was at all times a disegreeable one, and one on which luneyse who advocated corpora l pun i s h ments cou ld not compete ieb!ttileet.tageoui„ with isa tnose who took the posular view of the h Every att emp t was ma d e to ,i rees up suc h cases, and h arrow UP the feelings of the public. He admitted that A il ment by th e l as h', to the exti nt to which it had hitherto ell carried o u t, was most revolting, and could only be justi ht bY the sternest necessity. But Hon. Gentlemen who seetight forward and supported the motion for its abolition, ss ul e ed to give tbemselva s no concern as to what would be kultffieient substitute if they took it away. In that respect he dit t b eg leave to differ with them, when they proposed to ttib the system hitherto in operation. It was right that ~oet/iia,hould propose the substitution of some other system that a i r,„ 4 be equall y , if not more efficacious. —( Hea r . 1 The public. s e had been Much excited by the late unfortunate occur %gee at Hounslow. Had it. not been for that, so satisfied ware te t that the Government and all those in civil and mili 14ti"th°rity were desirous to do everything to improve the . ks, ' 4 of the soldier that he b 'levet, ne notice of the question sew_tuider consideration would have been taken in the present I sd r l of Parliament. As it was, this occurrence taking place. tse et , e n most unfortunate, as likely to erercise, by t he excite 4rvieit had produced, an injurious effect on the members of the t est '', With reference to that occurrence he must say, that the ' n lustice had been done to the commanding officer, a d 4, Other officers of the Hussars.—( Hear, hear.) They had h i s o ubjected to unmerited obloquy ; and if it had occurred to 1;f, other regiment, where character did not stand iers, ll l s g i u as that of the . 7th Hussars, it might have th at 'Y affected its discipline. He had great confidence in kid er 4 ,a s i ment, and he wished to make it known that th e offi cers of ;t bore a most exemplary chara c ter in th e t il t , d tts e a aors it nwhich they had been previously placed. He would te tte a note to that effect, which he had received from the th en °t the parish. The Right Hon. Gentl ema n th en rea d ths °te t Which was to the effect, that during a twelvemo n th lied•eginient had been stationed there, both officers and men irsP i bited the best general goo d con d uc t. N o t one case o f qra h l ity or irregularity had taken place.—( Hear, hear.) litept e w as the character which the regiment bore; and he ht e ,,regrett e d to read in the public papers that several pri test lad been called on to give . evid . ence, the purport of which sots. le ad to a further inveitigation, for the matter could l toeli allowed to rest there.--( Hear, hear.) This was a 1 he hoe s al concerning that civil investigation, and he would test 4 ne back t o the re a l qu es ti on . Th e H on . M em b er for to s s Wish e d to de pr i ve th e o ffi cers o f a ll power o f inflicting Wel l ', Punishment. Now, to meet the objections that ha ( ' foss e to the present system, the Government, with the °W„ Ilt t't the commanding officer, admitting that the death rh o 40 1 Person at Hounslow had resulted front the flogging, dfeer that, he would observe, was contary to the evi the t' s f all the military officers examined, had caused Lhe " il s ,_ °,l ect to be brought under the consideration of the sr s t uinander-in Chief, the Duke of Wellington. teeth. main, of Wellington immediately said " this shall not 4 111 slain, and though flogging cannot be dispensed with, 'tliteb s 'all not sanction any punishment to the injury of life kep t The Duke of Wellington suggested that the punish ,B"cild be reduced to fifty lashes, and he (Mr. F. Maule) gad " ar e that if he was to go as far back as his Hon. Friend bre t t?tie, iu th e m ili tar y aut h or iti es quo t e d by h im as t o th e Mote it Y of military punishment, they would all be found to let; Government fif lashes was no punishment at all. Her tone, had, however, come to the determination to k irwee the number of lashes, and to adopt that as the t orsi having determined, at the same time, to endeavour ski !se the character of the British soldier as far as possible ; S eral l u hope that the epoch would come when, though eor the' Pniushment unused in the British arm--( Hear,ry hear.) ite i e°4s ummation, however, he would say, which, if looked for, h, to be, sought only by means dictated by sound discretion, si' e s .sYster ta of sound discipline, and of rewards in the case of s h _ rl t• But, he said, he might be asked by those who were z..rPosed .to all corporal punishment, what their object was in e taining•this system of corporal punishment. Those who 2 . e against i t m i g h t say that they maintained, from antiquated ?lions, that they could not do without it. Now, he said, he labouring u n d er no antiquated notion when he supported 1 1 7, 4 tliminished quantity of corporal punishment ? It was very ral for tho se who were not acquainted with the British t 7 i Y to talk with a f ee li ng generosity about the system of ,720ral punishment. They ought to recollect that the British 1;1 existed by th e str i ctest obedience being rendered by the % l er to the colonel, the captain to the major, the lieutenant to the ,P, t ain, and so on d own t o th e corpora l an d t h e pr i vate i n di e ,; a4 s ; the effi c i enc y o f th e army d epen d e d on t h e obe ts,te of inferior s , and that on the discipline which was main tlle:u. If they s h ou ld a b o li s h thi s system o f di sc i p li ne— if the di to support the officers in their attempt to maintain they's ci Pline of the army, it wo u ld come a t l as t t o t hi s, t h at tioe.ewould not get men f rom th e ran k s t o t a k e promot i on as citestunanssioned officers—(Hear, hear)—and a man in the-c 1 411 Tstances would say to his superior officer, " It is all verb %tree me to ha ve s t r i pes on my arm, b ut if I am to b e Rhos i tio the breast with a poker by any worthless vagabond etas ss .urn talking to him of matters of duty, no respectable Iles,e' t ( l i t take such a situation." lie said then, before the , lath e s.ePrived military tribunals of that which was necessary ken "tsotpline of the army, especially in times of war, the} of substitute something else. But he supported the propo ai Achess9"ernneent on another ground, the protection which tiles e i tig, to the British public. The Government was they° l e, 7 with maintaining the discipline of tne army. Now if t ; btiti s l s idered n t I the üblic expectation as to the army tsloke; 4ll, l he w o ell on re y gulate p d, but if they considered the Which existed in this country as to a standing Ittbtelestkil,ttthey must see the urgent necessity of discipline, a , the m , 4 ,1 41 e public would have men billited upon them both Trteter and also without any discipline to control r N s ter s til on. Member had male an exception in favour of as ,t 'srte" 4 , ithixtent when the soldier was on the march, but el atas t i a t to • n, cases would occur when he must be made s s ' rinle ss I,°f. ' to - deter others from . cominittin . g the sam Thethin ' t o the condition of the soldier, he said, perhaps, Yet be (l eg 4 been done, and perhaps very much more might litlbj e n n e ,; but at present he would say nothing on that, as ; , '"erar e "s onnected therewith required mature con eels tiii-ar% w ere well worthy of atteution, and would receive it prison eefe"ls'rernment. Means had been used, and with some y r isol t d c tt to substitute in part a sound system of ' Be iPline for corporal punishment. There were nine tou r • Y Prianns in Great Britain and Ireland ; four in England tee...,41 Ireland, and one in Scotland. During the last 14 h e number the number of prisoners had been 476, of whom v. only no less sh b een subjected to corporal punishment, receiving 2 4 an 100 lashes, whereas, henceforth,. the n s tr e e e s tho e l s e n u e g i e d st b a e The Whole of those committedcteojrisope, 34 r cent. He had sidilsrminents were opened, c hd v n es o , t e th x at theireeeived their men L a ., °llln th e officers them better se men than they were before. He hi from these prisons tra d n e c n h had been done for the soldier, and much more had d h private to behave himself. It had been f li dof t h e good-conduct money, that the soldier was unable to r i i ts l the influence, and wo u ld not ava il hi mse lf o f i t. le said, that since January, 1845, thirty non-commissioned L ueers had received commi ss i ons, an d t h at a ll owances h a d 4so made them of 100/. in the infantry, and 1501. in the taley . —( H ear, h ear. ) Ag in, savings' banks had been v, t ablished in the army, an d th ey s h owe d h ow t h e so l d i er ) t ,ld avail him s elf o f th e i r a d vantages. I n March 1814. ere were 1,890 depositors, and a sum of 15,0; 0/. ; next the depositors had increased to 3,414, and the amount 00.000/. The returns for the present year had not yet 17 11 all received, but s u c h as th e y h a d got i n l ed t h em con }4ut.ly to expect that there would be a considerable increase , tdepositors a n d mo ne y. H e sa id, t h oug h t h ey cont i nued 1 punishments, when they had i nstruc t e d th e so ldi er !,duty, and encourged him in d o i ng it— w h en had made use of these two me ans , h e hopesd es that the lash would be unused end fell of itself into ih.ue t ude. But if, he said, the House t oo k on i tse lf t o pass ti,tbuiotion, and to s ay that this mode of di sc ipli ne s h ou ld cease, a u - 'louse took up on itself all the responsibility, weighty as it tilt; : 4 ,deprivinosthrough a good but mistaken feeling, themili ththiinals of this necessary power to maintain the discipline sir arm . /Z k; ' NAPIER said he felt compelled to give his opposi -0 the Mot . after the declaration of the Noble Lord I tlti Ptita shmen i t on should ' be reduced to 50 lashes, he wool' feel wi le r ise if it should be pressed. He world ask the Hon. Gentleman f h l iktl s Prn Posed to abolish corporal punishment altogether, t H h e o,ver read the dispatches of the Duke of Wellington? th % ka ss er read how that Noble Duke, who commanded one of essi r i armies in the world, had stated that after a victory h e litt:inot control any soldier? He (Sir C. Napier) remem- Ue s ' °nee in the Peninsular war, in a Portuguese town, there e stle h & devastation as it would he impossible to describe. IlSoi 3 • : s e occasion the Duke of Wellington had found it neceds ktowlOrder som of those who served under him to be hange . l evet? s " should like to know, whenit was necessary to make so 11 , 0. 4 4 .° exampl e , h ow it was possible to act when there was . " 4 1111, 'i P l ine whatever? He trusted, therefore, that the Hon. e s ,"'" would withdraw his motion. `ite "AKLEY said he must confess that he felt surprised, ,therwhat had transpired, that the punishment by flogging in I .4ll ti tY was not to be immediately abolished. Public t, an d W as in favour of that course, public judgment supported t 4l O. urn",Psublie opinion demanded it.—( Hear, hear.) He could Cs e s „' s ",e Hou,e from his own personal observstion, that on t. " 1 111:1",lect there was a stronger feeling abroad . than on the -aw ss and that that opinion must be given way to. The hißht H on Id excuse his adverting to some of tt 4 p o i rit. • Gentlemat? in th e on this question . " In the first place it was assumed 'lel r e Was something wrong in the proceedings that had to glee ke a. place, because some private soldiers were allowed Now he would beg to tit s their evidence on that case. ° r ,5,, - ;" a t when h e w ent to Hounslow that there was nooffer Alinvestigation, "-ven l h' i ss by the authorities in this Qsir it was even s tated that thet e was no necessity for the and ile by some parties that flogging , had no reference to rose ,% that h a d taken place. The consequence was the ‘' 4 d. t is Court derived no benefit from any assistance of that tither4l _s h . erel ire he thought it better to plac eau the hands of a private corporal (Mr. Lawreoce) e , Vi tt V " 1 there was no more efficient officer. The verdict as es 'ere '"itist the ma j or it y o f the medical evidence. No w, ed ttAt ''ere five N l b„ „ medical witnesses , but was what had been 1,.7 t hree of these gentlemen to be relied upon? With its,tees, truing the body, without making a complete ens! s t r r liiination of the . body, they had stated their opinion. the Right Hon. Gentleman, Oire re. , , is information that ets hi us ed the subject on the Monday after, was induced to at ‘,Nkis s a" t &ternent. Under these circumstances what beceu ., jag s for him but to cause an inquiry to 10 ."." and he bing referred to had selected Dr. Erasmus tile Kos for • ste sse ... tat purpose. Now he thought it right to inform tl st . toe 0 ; 0 that gentleman was. Mr. Erasmus Wilson was pg t ~ t h • a naval surgeon, who served fifteen years at sea 4. ‘ e w ar* In 18'15 his medical education commenced he vies e `'bernethy, Bartholemew's Hospital. .In 1826. t sat e n°4B e pupil to Mr. Langstaff, where he enjoyed un -I,,DP°rtunitieso f seing . and assisting . in . surgical e t ip i‘ er i a r e . 'angu gsPecting bodi s and studying morbid a naw aff bei e i t ,th e ng surgeon of the parish of CripplegateWithout , cee, 29 Possessor of an excellent pathological ose et i he s was 'e enea in urt p 'ts of l pce, m useum. In A s a opera7tiv -z e de sur the gery' in su Paris, 1n . 1830 he racti was 441,)othecaer Feneral practice by passing the examination of the "'Pre ss; les Company. In 1831 he became qualified for su_rgi 12111hs -eishimpari3ng the examination t. of the College of Sur th.'c4,Pacities 5, he engage( in the University College d ied ho prosector to Dr. 9uai room, as well as private t dernoinss3tr4athoer u a t o n r d . in Heidelberg, t o e ), in e iisactice during the summer ef sa r ond 'o 6 . .delivered a course lectures on aria % teh eo ,. Physiology in the Blenheim .street d an stom ' y In h . 183 7, 38, became lecturer ysiology 39, .he 4,.."'hana and morbid an . atom in the ritt 6e % to the - go. In 1838 he was appointed con . sultine• tit anat,, in St. Pancras Infirmary, and in 1840-46, lecturer " pa rse % Y and physiology in the Medical School of the Mid p per w:t.ospital. In 1 840-42 he became sub-editor of the 5.511,,,,, with which he was connected, anti in 1843 he was elected 46 45 h of the he College of Surgeons of . England. In of s Was e t Royal Fellow of the Royal Society, on aceount . 1;two paper Published• in the " Philosophical Transactions," and ti a e l sZttbheorrpoarers, read befor e the society. Mr. Wilson was . 4nder.e, seven works on medical subjects, one cif which these editions, and one two; of five papers 011 eis:b.jeets, published in the " Transactions of t,' ) eitty• 01 . nfic '. ties ;" two se pers read befer the Royal ,two articles in the " Cvelopmdia of Anatomy and , f tt o The felliewing it; x fud of Mr. Wilson's works. ek s.) ned Gentleman then read a list of Mr. Wilson's 4t . l.l _dy, a„,,ls,loevcthe,t gentleman had made cutaneous diseases his a te °e wood ask where was a gentleman more aoin glve evidence on the subject of the inquest ? (Hear, hear.) Now, was not this absurd ? What human skill or ingenuity could discover the condition of the interior of the body? Dis , aces might be lying dormant, whose existence the medical officer would be ignorant of, and yet a single lash might bring them into fresh action in the course of a few hours. —( Hear, hear.) Well, then, he said their sentence of :50 lashes might end in death. They had already seen 150 pro duce that result, and it was notorious to medical men that a single lash might produce a skin injury which would result in death.—( Hear, hear.) Now, under these circumstances, could the system be continued ? From the Noble Lord's manner, he thought he was strongly opposed to the system, or, t all events, not favourable to it. Now, if the House should unfortunately reject the motion, he trusted the Noble Lord would refer this matter, as a medical question, for the conside ration and decision, not of army or navy surgeons, but of the First and most eminent anatomists and surgeons of the day.— f Hear, hear.) If they did not report that 50 lashes, nay, even one lash, would be dangerous to life, he never would address the House upon the subject again.—( Hear, hear. ) Mr. C. BERKELEY having been alluded to by the Hon. Member for Finsbury, claimed it as a right, as an independent Member of that House, to express his opinion as to the con duct which that Hon. Gentleman had lately pursued, in his capa city of Coroner for Middlesex.—( Hear, hear.) Now, what were the facts of the case which the Honourable Gentleman had brought before the House ? A death of a private soldier in the 7th Hussars took place, and the Hon. Gentleman was duly informed of it. He held an inquest as to the cause of the death, and it was proved, upon the authority of four medical men, including the surgeon of the army, who made a post wortein examinati , n of the body, that the flogging was not the cause of death.—( Hear, hear.) The Hon. Gentleman, not satisfied with the evidence, appointed another medical gentleman to make an examination of the body, from which he excluded the other four gentlemen. Now, if everything was fair and above board, where was the necessity for this -xclusion ?—( Hear, hear.) Over and over again had the Hon. Member refused to hold his inquest on a murdered man unless the murderer were present ; but in the present case he would allow no officer to be present while the examii:atien was being proceeded with, lest they should influence the privates. Mr. WA KLEY—That is not true. Mr. C. BERKELEY said he would refer the Hon. Mem ber to the reports of the proceedings which had been pub lished from day to day in the public papers.—(Cheers.) With espect to the main question he would say, in answer to the Hon. Member for Bolton, that he knew the case of several per sons who had been flogged, and who were now most excellent soldiers. Mr. WAKLEY said the Hon. and Gallant Member had brought several charges against him ; first, that he had ex e.!uded medical officers from the post mortem examination. I did do so (said the Hon. Member), and I would do so again.— ( Cheers.) The Hon. Member seemed to have a strange notion of justice, if he thought it was unjust in him to do so. They had prejudged their case; they had come to the conclusion;that death was not caused by the flogging, and he wanted to know whether he would have been justified in permitting those three persons to be present at this examination, after the intimation xhich had been thrown out to him by the jury They did not want to see any more, they had discovered the cause of death. The rule which he adopted was that usually acted upon in cases of this sort by the superior courts ; nor was it out of any feeling of disrespect for those Hon. Gentlemen that he would not permit them to be present on the occasion referred to by the Hon. Member. Three ex ,minations of the bo6ly were made. The first one by Drs. !lall, Warren, and Reid. And it was not until he found that he fourth person employed in the succeeding examination, Mr. Day, had fallen into the same error as the preceding gentle men upon the subject—(lronical cheers)—that he had de ,ermined to send for Mr. Erasmus Wilson to make a toore complete examination of the body. On that occasion Mr. Day was not excluded. He should have exposed himself to much ibloquy if he had acted in any other manner than he had done. rhe next charge brought against him was that contained in !chat the Hon. Member called an excellent medical work. Why, the article that the Hon. Member quoted from was from the pen of a stupid lawyer, so little did the Hon. Member know of the publication in question.--( Hear, hear.) He also complained that upon former occasions he would not go en with the inquest on a murdered man in the absence of the murderer. Why the Hon. and Gallant Member must be aware that there was no prisoner in the present case, or he might rest assurred that he would have had him present, if he could possibly have obtained his attendance.—(Cheers.) He had -xpected this attack upon his conduct, and he had come down prepared with ammunition, although he did not belong to the military profession.—( Laughter, and cheers.) He had a letter trom the solicitor approving of the course he had adopted. Mr. C. BERKELEY rose to order, he did not think the Hon. Member should be allowed to make a second speech. Mr. WAKLEY insisted upon his right to be heard; serious charges had been brought against him of Mr. Wilson's evi dence being shaped to order. Mr. C. BERKELEY said it was net his charge. _ . Mr. WA KLEY—Th - 2 Hon. Member had adopted them, and he (Mr. Wakley) had instructed his solicitor to move fur a criminal information on the subject of the paragraph. He was going, however, to say that, if the solicitor was satisfied with ms conduct (who was present during the whole of the pro ceedings), he thought that at least the Hon. and Gallant Member, who was not present, might be satisfied upon the subject. The Hon. Member then read a copy of a letter from the solicitor, as follows :—" Dear Sir,—You request me to state what was my impression of your conduct at the in quest held at Hounslow on the body of White, a private in the 7th Hussars. As I conclud,e your inquiry had reference only o your own conduct upon the occasion, I have no hesitation in saying that you allowed us to have any witnesses examined which we pleased to offer, and allowed them to make any stat ement which was desirable, and which the ends of justice demanded ; your conduct during the investigation was marked by extraordinary patience and ability." The Hon. Member a'so read a letter from Mr. Trimmer, a magistrate of Hounslow, to the same effect. He had also other letters from influential parties of the same tendency, which he would read to the douse if they wished.—(Cheers.) In conclusion, he hoped he had satisfied the House that there had been nothing unfair in his conduct during the whole of the proceedings.—(The Hon. Member resumed hisseat amid loud cheers. ) Mr. C. BULLER said that he felt bound to say a few words upon the subject before the House, with reference to the proposition brought forward by the Noble Lord at the head of he Government. The Hon. Member for Finsbury said that it might be evaded by an alteration in the instrument of torture, so that, though nominally the number of lashes might he reduced to fifty, a severer punishment might be in flirted by tampering with the instrument, and thus by fraud defeat the object proposed. He could state, that in his communication with the Noble Duke, the greatest readiness was manifested by that Noble Personage to meet the public feeling with regard to corporal punishment. He (Mr. Buller) did not mean to dispute the medical authority of the Hon. Member for Finsbury, but when he stated that five lashes, or one, might by possibility produce fatal results, he would ask him what secondary punishment was not equally objectionable? The treadmill was liable to the same objection; so was solitary confinement. The former had led to fatal re sults, and the latter had produced loss of reason and loss of life. Surely, no Gentleman would contend that punishment was to be done away with altogether.—( Hear, hear.) They had frequently heard of four dozen lashes being inflicted in the navy, yet he had never known an instance of this punishment terminating fatally. No man could look with greater horror than he did upon the excess to which this torture was carried; but before they did away with corporal punishment they should It ok to the combination of the British army. Ile considered a total abolition, at the present time would be an extremely dangerous and unwise course—( Hear, hear)—and therefore hs must give his opposition to the motion of the Hon. Member . „ MeMber for Milton, that all corporal punishment be abolished. Such wee the argument of the Hon. Gentleman. -1 Loud c ries of . 4 No, no," and " Hear, hear. ) He said besides that the officers in the army were totally unfit to control any body of men.—(Mr. Bright said the Hon. Gentleman entirely misstated his argument.) He (Mr. Goulburn) said it was difficult to apportion punishment in any case, but much more in the army, where the e,onsequenece that followed in the community from acts which se ere yet nut immoral must be taken into consider ation. Insult, for example, of which in civil society no no tice was taken, would produce consequences, if allowed to go unnoticed, which would undo the discipline of the army. He found that some of those who were fur reducing the degree of punishment, or rather for abolishing it altoeether, were for re ducing the pay of the soldier; the Hon. Member for Coventry, for example ; and yet it was stated in evidence that same evening, that increased pay in certain regiments had made punishment almost unnecessary. Now, amid these conflicting opinions, it was difficult to fix on the degree of punishment which would be proper. But, besides these, Hon. Gentlemen had not said whether they would substitute any, and what punishment, if they abolished this. If they would sii2gest extra drilling, it must be recollected that the press had taken up that very subject, and, in the case of an cificer who had been shot, one paper even said that he had been justly shot at because he had over-worked this instrument of punishment. Looking, then, at all these difficulties, he would support the reduction proposed by the Government, and would maintain that number of lashes, in hopes that, by and by, it would be unnecessary, when the character of the soldier should be elevated, Mr HUME said he had seen many changes, and with gratification, and he was not a little gratified at seeing the change which had occurred in the Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down. Fifty lashes suited the Hon. Gentleman now, fie (Mr. Hume) had seen him when 300 would not satisfy him, when he would have a thousand.—( Hear, hear.) He had also misrepresented some of the Hon. Gentlemen beside him ( Mr. Hume.) He had charged the lion. Member for Coventry with wishing to diminish the pay of the common soldier. Such was certainly not his wish, or the meaning of his words. He had advocated a short term of years. and the absence of favour to particular regiments ; that all regiments might share the changes of climate, and the dangers of transit. These were subjects on which that Hon. Member had addressed the House. As for himself, while he advocated economy, he had always been forward in advancing the comfort of the soldier. When the late motion was made for Ural ies to the soldiers, he did not oppose that ; he cordially supported .he motion. Why has the Hon. Gentleman, who said so much on this sub ject, not made st.me effort to ameliorate the condition of the army ? He was asked by a party, as he was coming into the House that very day, how it was that the army continued to pig together in the way they did ? It surprised him ; but from the statement of the Hon. Gentleman, he now understood the matter perfectly. It was evident that there was a scarcity of water provided in barracks, and that, too, at a time when the Commissioners on the subj,mt of health ascribed disease and unhealthiness to the want of water as an agent to promote cleanliness. He was a friend to peace, but as it was necessary that they should have an army and navy, it was his desire that they should be kept as respectable as possible.—( Hear.) Now his opinion might be in some degree biassed by his own circumstances, having been once in the army himself, in the East Indies, for twelve years, during which period their had been no corporal punishment, while in the Etaropean army there had been several instances. In Madras .t was considered a punishment to be turned out of the native army. He con tended that the system adopted in the British army had a tendency to brutalise the soldiery. It was the tendency of all human authority to misuse power; and he contended that, at the Horse Guards, the cases were not so strictly inquired into as they should have been. He considered that the mind of the public was so deeply engaged in this matter that it must be altered. It should be ren,embered that every 50 lashes inflicted 450 stripes. Now, supposing there was no important physical injury inflicted, he contended that the mental degradation which was caused was sba s ( f u nir ffi ldietp c ,alfft i rii e em.o n c:it t ieed t dH o induceitnsserv icehatioh,pueel da rw t e h de e r m et t oo h t mb e abolishthat alow if allowed, punishment slhgamrs great n t : at osh abolishedn t g h this de would conclude military that a t of h ethe wouldeou country,-- ( t support ry.— the Hon. Member for Bolton. Mr. GOULB URN denied that he had at any time supported the infliction of 300 la , hes. _ Mr. H UME said that the Hon. Member had done so in the year 1838. Mr. GOULBURN said that in that year the proposition made was for total abolition of corporal punishment, and it was that which he opposed, and not 300 lashes. Colonel SIBTHORP could not but express his disgust at the opinions of the Hon Member for Durham. He thought there could be but one feeling of sovereign contempt for the opinions of such a man.—(Cries of " Order.") The service wou'd rejoice to know that the Hon. Member did not belong to the army—(Laughter and cheers)—and although it was composed of the outcasts of society, yet that he would never belong to it.—( Laughter and cheers. ) . . Colonel WOOD considered it necessary for the true disci pline of the army that better accommodation should be afforded to the troops than they at present possessed ; and he hoped the Hon. Memher for Montrose, in spite of all his jealous watch fulnes, over the army estimates, would be prepared at an early period to give his support to an increased vote for affording this necessary accommodation.—( Gies of " Divide, divide.") He believed that nothing did so much to cause a reluctance to enter the army as the diminution in the pension. He thought that by increasing the pension they would get a better descrip tion of men for the army, and consequently the necessity for infl.cting corporal punishment would be completely removed. Mr. H. CURTEIS movad the adjournment of the debate.— (Cries of " Oh, oh.") Lord J. RUSSELL hoped that the Hon. Member would not press his motion, as it would be more advisable to bring the debate to a close that night. Mr. H. CURTEIS said that his object in proposing the ad journment was to afford Hon. Members a further opportunity of expressing their sentiments on this subject. The Hon. Member proceeded to say that the Horse Cr..ards might soon set their House in order, for public opinion would force them to do away with this degrading punishment. He thought the country was deeply indebted to the jury who sat on the Houns low affair for the way in which they had done their duty. He would further observe that great obstacles were thrown in the way of a full investigation, and it was. to the moral courage of the Rev. Mr. Trimmer that they were mainly indebted for originating the investigation. He would now withdraw his motion for the adjournment. Colonel PEEL wished to explain, in correction of a state ment made by the Hon. Member for Bolton, who stated that the offences in the British army were as two to one compared with the French army. This was not correct, as the returns furnished by the French Government would show. After a few observations from an Hon. Member, whose name did not transpire, the gallery was cleared for a division. On our re-admis.ion, there appeared— For the motion to go into Committee For Dr. Bowring's motion ... ........ 37 Majority against Dr. Bowring's motion —s3 On the motion for the Speaker leaving the chair, Mr. OSBORNE moved that it shall not be lawful to in flict any corporal punishment by flogging on any private soldier, corporal, or non commissioned officer in the army or militia of the United Kirgdon, save for offences committed on the line of march, mutiny, or theft ; and that in all such cases the number of lashes be limited to fifty. The Hon. Member said he would press his motion to a division. Alter a few words from Lord JOHN RUSSELL, urging the Hon. Member to withdraw his amendment, Stray gers were ordered to withdraw, and the House divided, when there appeared, For ttie motion 25 Agsinst it Majority against the motion —s6 The House then went into Committee, pro forma, and obtained leave to sit to-morrow, The House then resumed. The following Bills were then read a third time and passed:— Copyholl Commission Bill. Turn•.ike Acts Continuation Bill. Stock in Trade Bill. Highway Rates Bill. Loan Societies Bill. THE FORMS ASSESSED TAXES BILL went through Committee pro form's. MILITIA PAY BILL. This Bill also went through Committee pro . forma. NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLEIIENTAL BILL. The report on this Bill was brought up and agreed to. RATEABLE PROPERTY (IRELAND) BILL. The Committee on this Bill was postponed till this day Saturday)...._ EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGE TRADING ABOLITION BILL. The third reading of this Bill was postponed till this day. FISHERIES (IRELAND; BILL. The report on this Bill was brought up and at to. EDICAL PRACTITIONERS. Mr. WAKLEY obtained leave to brin.; in a Bill for the Registration of Medical Practitioners in England and Wales. 31r. PARKER moved for leave to bring in a Bill "to em power the Commissioners for the Issue of Loans for Public Works and Fisheries to make loans in money to the Commis sioners of her Majesty's Woods, in lieu of loans heretofore authorised to be made in Exchequer Bills," which was read a first time. The House then adjourned, at Half-past One, till Twelve :o-day. THE LATE HURRICANE.—MEETING or FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN.—A meeting of the florists, nurserymen, and market-gardeners of Lambeth, Stockwell, Brixton, Clap ham, Wandsworth, Camberwell, Walworth, and its vicinity, was held on Tuesday evening, at the Swan Hotel, Stockwell, for the purpose of taking into consideration the most effectual measures to be adopted, in order to repair the dreadful losses occasioned by the gale of last Saturday, whereby their hot houses, plants, fruit, and other property, to an immense amount, was destroyed. Mr. 11. Groom, the tulip-grower, was called to the chair, supported by Messrs. Field, Fairbairn, Cathill, Altee, Chapman, Chandler, jun., Dixon, and about thirty other of the principal florists, market gardeners, and nurserymen of the southern districts of the metropolis. The statements made by the several speakers were truly distress ing, many declaring that the storm had been their utter ruin, and that nowhere had the hurricane committed such frightful ravages as in the South London districts. One firm estimated their losses at upwards of 2,0001., while another party had between two and three tons of the finest hothouse grapes destroyed, which would have fetched in the market from 3s. to 45. per lb. An immense quantity of pines had also been destroyed, and the value of the glass broken in their hothouses, greenhouses, frames, &c., was of an enormous amount. It was resolved that this meeting should be con si'lered as preliminary to a general one, at which each party would then be enabled to give a pretty comet estimate of his losses. for Bolton. Mr. BRIGHT thought that, taking the alteration pro posed by the Government as agreed to, still there would remain much that was disgusting and revolting. He could not agree with the Honourable and Learned Gentle man who had just sat down, that the public would rest satisfied with the course pursued by Govern ment. Though they would be glad at the change proposed as a step in the right direction, they would still have been better satisfied had corporal punishment been altogether abolished.—( Hear, hear.) The opinion he was sure would be en'ertained in the country that the Government suc cumbed to the Horse Guards. The military officers who had been so much referred to, he held to he the worst pos sible judges as to whether corporal punishment should be dispensed with. They were so used to arbitrary authority and power, that it was with the greatest difficulty they could be induced to give up any of the influence which they at present had. The military officers hail always opposed any mitigation of corporal punishment, and they were equally opposed to the abolition of it now. He would not, therefore, look to them as an authority on the queqiun. A great deal had been said about improving the condition and character of the soldier, but he for one believed that all they might attempt would fail—the soldiers were raised, of necessity, from the lowest class of the population. When parties in any locality had run through every course of bad conduct and dis.ipation, they then enlisted in the army, so that the service was recruited from the outcasts of the population. The people of this country were essentially a commercial, and not a fighting people, and they reed not expect that any but the lowest and most degraded class would become private soldiers. He would give his vote for the motion of the Hon. Member for Bolton, and he hoped the time would soon come when not only corporal punishments would be abolished, but the employment of large bodies of men for the purposes of destruction would be entirely put an end to. Mr. GOULBURN was sorry to rise to express his opinion on the present occasion, after the speech of the Noble Lord at the head of the Government. He considered it was not of advantage to the public or the service that such a question should be agitated in the way it had been done ; but of all the speeches that had been delivered on the question that of the Mon. Member who last addressed the House was to him the most astoni'hing. He said the army was composed of the mere outcasts of society. He (Mr. Goulburn) denies that pro -1 positinn.—( Hear, hear.) He as erted that they were the refuse of society—if so, did he wish for then. improvement? No. for he said the commercial spirit of the country is such as to discourage all manifestation of the military spirit, and that a better class of soldiers need not be expected. He declared ! the army would, of necessity, be of the character he had stated; and then he stated he would vote for the motion of the Hon. The members of the Irish Society, Suffolk-street, Pall-mall, had their second and last dinner for the season on Wednesday, at Blaclos all, where they mustered numerously, and in genially harmonic accord, in Lovegrove's chief salon. Viscount Castlereagh took the chair on the occasion, and ruled the board with a tact and spirit which ensured the happiest completion in the festive re-union. Amongst those present, and whose health was given with warmest cordiality, was Mr. I'. Birmingham, vice president of the Society for the Improvement of Ireland. This gentleman, in returning thanks, introduced to the notice of the society the Rev. T. Rosh, an excellent clergyman of the well-known Clad dagh district, in Galway, where the singular race of fisher men, who have been so frequently noticed by travellers in Ireland, monopolise, as it well may be said, the coast. The reverend gentleman, who is over in England on a mission to raise funds to aid in establishing schools of practical education among the most primitive, and, unfortunately, as ignorant and impoverished people, gave a very feeling account of their condition, which drew towards his charitable purpose the warmest sympathy, and, in the end, some more substantial intimations of approval. At the Windsor Petty Sessions on Thursday, a medical gentleman, named Earingey, was charged with having as saulted a midwife, and turned her out of the room whilst at tending a lady, because she was interfering with his practice. The magistrates, however, did not think the assault of a very grave nature, and dismissed the complaint. THE CHOLERA IN LONDON.—Two members of th Academy of Medicine has just set out for London, in order to watch the progress of the sporadic cholera, many cases of which have shown themselves in that city. It is said that several peculiarities are observable in the complaint in Lon don, which renders an examination interesting and useful to medical science.— Galignani's Messenger. THE Su'N, LONDON, S,tIII7..RDAV EVENIN-0-, AUGUST 8, 1848“ Glt A T TEMPERANCE DEMONSTRATION AT COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE, This grand demonstration, in connexion with► the sit tings of the World's Temperance Convention, to which the friends of the cause had so ardently looked forward, took place last evening, in Covent-garden Theatre, and was all, and even more, than the most sanguine amongst them could have anticipated. The platform (which was erected upon the stage), pit, and galleries, were crowded to excess (notwithstanding the admission was not free), and the boxes wcro filled with elegantly-dressed ladies and gentlemen. The vast building. consequently pre • sented a most animating scene, and forcibly reminded us of the similar immense gatherings that were wont to be held there for the purpose of promoting that other great cause— free trade which has now happily triumphed. On the platform were delegates from different quar ters of the globe ; amongst whom we observed G. W. Alexander, Esq. (treasurer of the National Temperance and Anti-Slavery Societies) ; the Rev. Dr. Beecher and the Rev. Dr. Massey, of Cincinnati ; Henry Clapp, Esq. and Frederick Douglas, Esq., of Massachu. , ,sets; the Rev. E. M. Kirk, of Albany; Dr. Campbell, R. Potter, Esq., G. W. Attwood, Esq., merchant, London; Rev. J. Burns, J. Meredith, Esq., Wm. Cash, Esq, Rev. Dr. Marsh, Rev. Dr. Patton, Rev. Dr. Cox, Lawrence Heyworth, E-q., of Liverpool ; Dr. Beaumont, of Bradford ;J. Rutter, Esq., Shaftesbury ; J. S. Buckingham, Esq. ; Henry Vincent, Esq. ; Dr. Oxley, Dr. Lovell, W. Jan son, jun., Esq., &c., The proceedings of the meeting were opened at half past six o'clock by the Rev. ~ABEZ BURNS moving that George W. Alexander, Esq., take the chair. The motion having been seconded and carried, that gentleman took the chair amidst great cheering. The CHAIRMAN commenced his observations by saying that he was little worthy to occupy the post to which he had been called that evening. He would not, however, abuse the trust which had been confided to him by troubling them with many observations, know ing as he did, that he was surrounded by some of the ablest friends of the anti-slavery cause—(Great laughter and cheers)—he meant by same of the ablest friends of the total abstinence cause, not only in this country, but in the United States of America—(Cheers) —and it had been to some of them a delightful treat to listen to the statements which they had given to them (during the three days of the Convention) of the cause of total abstinence in the United States. He did not child ivas standing , s by her side wahine. to devour the naked rind o f t h e potatoes which the 'elder child was preparing for their meal. On inq u iry for their mother, i and seeing an expressive look on the countenance of the elder ch:ld, they mounted a sort of ladder to a room above, and there was a female on a lot of straw, in a corner, brought virtually to death by want, misery, and disease. They were not in time to recover her, but they found that the father of those children had taken the clothes which had been presented to them by the Sunday -school teacher to enable them to attend school, and had pawned those clothes and spent the money in drink. That father never returned till the day that his wife was buried. And that father was the highly respectable gentleman to whom he had at first referred ; and that woman, that died on the lot of straw, in the corner of a hovel, was the delightful woman that married the father of those children ; That, melancholy history could never be effaced from his memory. That father was a mode rate drinker —and it was moderate drinking that brought that family to so degraded a position.— ( Hear, hear, and loud applause.) He (Mr. Rut ter), therefore, trusted that in -times to come neither he nor any one else would consider themselves safe un less they entirely abstained, and prevailed upon their youths and friends to do everything in their power to remove the snare of intoxication from the earth. If they found—as they all would do—that they had no strength of their own, but that all their dependance was on God, then let them pray to God that, in his goodness, he would give them strength to persevere until they were protected from the danger of moderate drink ing.--(Cheers.) This was truly a great and good cause. It had received the stamp of approbation from on high—(Hear) —and therefore it was the privilege as well as the duty of every thinking man and con sistent Christian, to give it the right hand of support and hslp.—(Loud cheers.) The Cuentarae then said that he had the pleasure of introducing to their notice the Rev. Dr. Beecher, from the United States of America, and it might be as well for hire to remark, at the same time, that that Gentle man was one of the fathers, if not the father of this movement in the United States, and the world at large. —(Great cheering.) And on account of his age--he being upwards of seventy years of age—he was sure that they would listen to him with the greatest atten tion.—(Cheers.) The Rev. Dr. BEECHER, according, presented himself to the vast assembly, which was the signal for renewed and long-continued cheering, which having subsided, he proceed to say, that it was an unhappy fact, in the pro gress of this reform, that many great and many good men had doubted the necessity and lawfulness of it. Those men thought that Jesus Christ had committed to his church, and to his ministers, and to the preaching the gospel, the whole work of the reformation of of mankind.—(Hear, hear.) Now, with respect to this reformation of drunkards, he had two rea sons to assign why the preaching of the gospel would never reform them. The first reason was, that, as a community, they never did, and never would, eo to hear it.—(Hear, and cheers) The second reason was, that the Holy Ghost would never regenerate and sane - tify a man as long as he was dealing with his cups— (tlear, hear)—and they might just as well sit at home and not hear at all as to go half tipsy to hear the word of God.—(Hear, hear.) Now, to settle this question, and for argument, instead of declamation, he wished to call their attention to the consequences of the preaching of the Gospel in alliance with social temperate drinking —he did not say in alliance with drunkenness—but he did say in alliance with what was popularly called tem perate drinking, He wished to state this subject very concisely, because his time was short, and because the argument needed but to be presented to be interesting. All the other obstacles to the preaching of the gospel had been surmounted, and if they could but remove the monster obstacle of temperate drinking, and if he could impress that audience with the conscientious and firm conviction that temperate drinking would defeat, and had paralysed, the extensive preaching of the gospel, and render it nugatory to reformed drunkards, why, then, the seed which they had sown would yield an abundant harvest that would wave over the world. The speaker then proceeded at some length to prove his po sition that the gospel could never be truly spread whilst the present system of temperate drinking continued. Things had been continually going from bad to worse, whilst the liquid fire of intoxication continued to be poured out amongst the people ; but he firmly believed that God, who had delivered up his only begotten Son to death to save mankind, had, in his goodness, raised up the advocates of this cause as his instruments to sweep intoxication and misery from the face of the earth. The success which attended this cause at its commence ment was but weak, but its most ardent friends could scarcely have predicted for it such triumphs as it had already achieved. The success that God had given to it demonstrated that the cause was of God.—(Cheers.) Thousands and thousands, and thousands and hundreds of thousands of drunkards had been rescued and washed from their outward filth, and purified from the sin of drunkenness.—(Loud cheers.) The number that had now taken the pledge was equal to that of the professors of religion.—(Hear.) In conclusion, he would merely say that he had watched this cause for the last 36 )'ears. He had seen it falter, but never stop. (Cheers.) After it had faltered its elastic powers increased when it moved again. —(Cheers.) He did not expect that he should have lived so long, or that he should have seen the splendid sight he had witnessed in connexion with the cause. It was said, that Bonaparte in one of his battles took down his telescope whilst the war sus raging at its height, and calmly said to his generals, " the battle is won." And he (Dr. Beecher) had lived to see the indications, the progress, and results of this cause, till he could say, not with faith, but with a firm conviction, " the battle is won."—(Great cheering.) He had seen the beginning of the end, and ho could now die, not mourning, but shouting victory; and his heart exulted at what had been done, and it therefore glorified God, and magnified his praises. —(Cheers.) Mr. FREDERICK HOPWOOD, of York, next addressed the assemblage. He felt it, he said, to be a most diffi cult task to make a short speech on this great comprehen sive question. When first they commenced the advocacy of their principles, it was perfectly well known to many that they appeared before the public with some great timidity. It was true that they themselves were convinced of the purity and excellence of their motives ; but they were confident also that those principles were as much op posed to the existing habits and practices of society—as much opposed to the general thinkings of the great mass of their countrymen and women, that as he had already said, they appeared with something like fear and trembling. They availed themselves of experience, and that experience had fully realised their expectations. They expected that those individuals who were engaged in the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors, and whose interest it was to perpetuate that state of things, from which so many and such dreadful evils had arisen—they expected that these persons would be up in arms against them. It was quite natural that they should be. They expected, also, to meet with op position from those thousands—nay, he might say those millions—of individuals, who cared nothing about the suffering of their fellow-creatures, and were not pre pared to make any sacrifice, however small and insigni ficant, for the sake of their country's prosperity and happiness.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") Indeed, they expected to meet with opposition or indifference from all who were any great worshippers at the shrine of Bacchus, and who for a considerable length of time had been in the habit of looking upon the use of intoxicating liquors as one of the principal enjoyments of life. They expected all this, and they were in some measure pre pared for it ; and the result of their labours was, that thousands had perceived the ignorance that pervaded the human mind in reference to this suhject.—(Cheers.) The advocates in this movement found, after inquiry, that the expenditure for intoxicating liquors in this country amounted to a hundred times as much as all the religious societies put together expended in the pro pagation of the Gospel both at home and in foreign parts.—(Hear, hear.) They found that the mortality occasioned by the use of strong drink had reached to nearly the number of 40,000 or 50,000 every year, That 600,000 of our fellow-countrymen and women, immortal beings, created in the image of our God, and destined for a life of usefulness and enjoyment here, and for a glo rious immortality hereafter, had become converted by the influence of those accursed poisons into so many fiends and maniacs, and by which means the greatest miseries were inflicted upon their families and all those with whom they were connected.—(Cheers.) By means of those fatal poisons our poorhouses were filled with paupers, our prisons were filled with criminals, and lamentations and woe covered the face of the country. —(Hear, hear.) Looking back upon all the means that had been employs(' by the advocates of this Society, they found that the same Government that had legis lated for the punishment of intemperance had licensed thousands and tens of thousands of houses for the sale of intoxicating drinks.—(Cheers.) Ile found that I magistrates, after having inflicted fines upon parties who had been brought before them on charges of drunken ness, retired to some friend's house to enjoy a good dinner, and it was no uncommon thing with many of them to indulge in a bottle or two of port or sherry, and return home in their carriages drunk.—(" Hear, hear," and loud cheers.) They found, also, that ministers of religion had faithfully warned the drunkard, upon the authority of holy writ, and had declared that such degraded beings could not enter the kingdom of Heaven. But they found that whilst Governments, magistrates, and Ministers, were thus employed, the same Government, magistrates, and Ministers, drank the drunkard's drink.--r(Great cheering.) Drunken ap petites were being daily created as a natural conse quence, and the prevalence of the vice of drunkenness was carried to such an extent as to threaten the very stability of our social and political institutions.— (Cheers.) Every means, then, used for the purpose of reclaiming the drunkard, or rather, he should say of preventing the sober men from becoming drunk failed. Total abstinence, however, commenced its operations, and from the time when it first sprang into existence it had continued to progress. The cause spread with almost miraculous rapidity through every part of the civilised world.—(Cheers.) And notwith standing the opposition with which it had met, great things had been done in the work of reforming the drunkard, and preventing the sober man from falling. They met, in some instances, with the malignant oppo sition of those individuals who were engaged in the manufacture and sale of strong drink, but then on the other side the cause of total abstinence had now such support as it had not a dozen years ago.—(Cheers.) They had now a healthful, active, and public sentiment. —(Cheers.) They had roused public attention. They had presented to the notice of the public various great questions for their consideration and the people at large, and they had found that whilst the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks kept up a few in noble palaces it was also beggaring and damning its thousands and tens of thousands. —(Cheers.) The cause was now reaching its meridian splendour, and an enlightened and indignant British public were determined to promote the peace and prosperity of the country by abolishing the use of strong drinks.—(Cheers.) The speaker was pra doubt that that assembly would listen to those gentle men with equal satisfaction ; and he trusted that no small amount of benefit would be derived to this erect cause from the meeting of that evening.— (Cheers.) It was, he thought, quite needless that he should attempt to address to them any arguments in favour of that cause which they had met to rromote. It appeared to him that there were one or two simple con siderations and facts, which were abundantly s.;utficient to commend it to the attention and command the esteem and regard of every philanthropist and Christian. It; on the one hand, they compared all the good that it could be alleged that intoxicating drinks had done (supposing them really to have been productive of any), and on the other hand, the incalculable amount of crime and misery, both in this world and the next, to which they had led, he thought they should be prepared to make any sacrifice which might be demanded of them, in order to promote the cause of total ab stinence. (Hear, hear.) But besides all that, they were able to appeal to the very delightful fact, that there had been a very large number of persons who a few years ago were supposed to Le incapable of re formation—that there had been a very large number of drunkards who had beeu reclaimed from the ranks of intemperance.—(Cheers.) And he believed it might be safely stated that there was scarcely a place to be found, in which total abstinence had been established, in which such results had not followed.—(Hear, hear.) He con fessed that that one circumstance was with him quite sufficient to induce him to adopt the practice of entire abstinence—(Hear, bear)— but as he had already said that he did not intend to make a long speech, he was determined to adhere to his promise. He did feel that, while some of them esteemed it to be at once their privilege and their duty to do all they possibly could to abolish slavery from every part of the globe—(Cheers)—it was at the same time a solemn duty, which was incumbent upon English men, to abolish the slavery of drunkenness, and to re move from our own countrymen those dreadful evils of which intoxication was the cause.—(Loud cheers.) With these few remaks, he felt satisfied that his office, as chairman, would be very .fight, and he would now take his seat, in order to listen to the addresses which would be delivered to them.—(Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN again rose, and said, that he was re quested to state that as it was desirable that they should have the opportunity of hearing as many speakers as possible from different parts of the world, each speaker would be required to confine himself to the space of fifteen minutes.—(Applause.) He ought also to state, and he did so with considerable regret, that he had re ceived a letter from their friend Joseph Sturge, in which he stated that Elihu Burritt, in consequence of indisposi• tion, would not be able to take part in the proceedings of that evening, and that he had been compelled to leave town. Joins 'RUTTER, Efq , of Shaftesbury, then presented himself, amidst loud cheering. Silence having been ob tained, he said that, instead of wasting their time by apologies for his at once answering the call of the Chairman, he would commence the few observations which he had to make to the immense assembly before him, by remarking upon the very dif ferent standing which their cause now assumed to that which it did a few years since, when it was established, amidst contempt, by a few noble-minded working men at Preston—(Cheers)—a standing not only proved by the overwhelming scene before him, but proved, also, by the convention of men assembled from different parts of the world, now assembled on the subject within this city, and proved, also, by the presence of their American brethren then around them, who had come across the Atlantic to bear with them the kindly feelings of their teetotal friends in America, and to give them the right hand of fellow ship, and to wish them " God speed " in their noble and philanthropic cause.—(Cheers.) Not only was it proved by those circumstances, but by the great festival which was held in connexion with this move ment, on the previous evening, in the Freemasons' Hall. And when he looked around upon that building and its characteristic decoration, and when he saw the walls de corated by the portraits of so many of their grand masters, he could not but think that the system which they had that evening met to propagate, was a far better system of freemasonry—(Cheers.)—because they were free from the slavery of strong drink, and the drinking customs of this country.—(Loud cheers.) And he also thought that amongst the members of this society there were grand masters, and when he referred to such men as his friends Bowley and Sturge, and to Dr. Beecher, from America, and their Father Mathew in Ireland.—(Loud cheers.) Then be said that they had Grand masters amongst them, who had done more for the human race in the way of elevating them and doing them good than all the grand masters that ever assem bled in Freemason's Hall.—(Cheers.) Those leaders were kept in remembrance by the pencil of the artist around the walls of their hall, but the grand masters of this society were engraved upon the hearts of all thinking men of the present generation so deeply that their memory would be fragrant, and continue so through the present and every succeeding generation.—(Cheers.) And was it not the duty of every one present to do all in their power to benefit their fellow man ? Were not the members of the Total Abstinence Society the true Samaritans, who looked after the poor drunkard, wounded by strong drink ? They went over to him, and poured the oil of consolation and hope into his wounds. Yea, if he were hungry they fed him and if he were naked they clothed him ; and when they had thus restored him to the condition of a rational being, they took him as an immortal being, and brought him into the refuge for the outcast, and made him acquainted with the one true Samaritan, and thus gave him hope and comfort in this world, and prepared him for the enjoyment of a blessed immor tality.—(Cheers.) And he conceived that although they did not substitute their principles, or the practice of tee totalism, for that of Christianity—(Hear, hear)—al- though they did believe that their re !won was not meat and drink, but the righteous joy and peace of the Holy Ghost to those that believed, they still did believe that their plan and their principles, and their prat ice, were the true handmaids of religion, for they reformod those who might be compared to persons whe had lost their senses, and after having re stored them to their right mind, and clothed them, they recommended them to sit at the feet of Jesus.—(Cheers.) And not only were their society and their principles calculated to redeem the drunkard, but oh! let no one there forget that they performed another equally great and im portant task—they pre served the temperate and taug h t them that they wer e in a dangerous position.—(Cheers.) How often had h e and the friends around him been told, when they had memb conversed ersof o t r i e this lig io religion, subject, though teetotali sm m i ght bet, even with ser i ous and pious good for the drunkard it was not good for them or for him. Ah! he never should forget a fact which took place in the West of England, and which convinced him that so long as he continued even a moderate drinker of the drunkard's drink he was in danger of dying the death of the drunkard too.--(Rear. There was in a city in the west of England a gentleman of the same profession as he himself — a lawyer —but greatly his superior in his understanding and intellect, and a man possessed of a large property, and command ing influence, who married a lady in every way equal to himself, and adorned with every grace that became the female character. They possessed every thing that the human heart could desire, and had every prospect before them that the heart could anticipate for times to come. For a short period they went on well, but at last they felt themselves on a very slippery precipice, till, in the course of a very few years, they were lost from the ob servations of their friends, and then it was that in another city in the west two little girls were found in a Sunday-school, and produced much interest by their intelligence and beauty, but at length they were found absent from the school. It was discovered they were absent because they had not clothes to come to school in, and the Sunday-school teacher supplied them with them. They were again regular in their attend ance, but after a few weeks they were again absent, and the teacher requested the superintendent to accompany her to their dwelling. In one of the lowest districts of the town they found the hovel; and, on entering, th ere we re those two children, the eldest girl peeling potatoes which I were to be boiled as their only sustenance, and the younger ceedieg to address the meeting in very able totreP, Aton he was reminded' by th e Ch a i rman that the tlfteen minutes allotted to him had expired. He, therefore, at once withdrew amidst loud plaudits. The Rev. E. N. Kitts, of Boston, America, then pre sented himself at the call of the Chairman, and was re ceived with great cheering. The meetings in connexion with the convention were now drawing to a close— 'in fact, the great services of . that evening would virtually terminate them. Nothing remained to be accomplished but the formal transaction of a little business, and he therefore felt, as a member of that convention, that they were at the termination of a most interesting and most important session. —(Hear, hear.) They had passed four days—Britons and Americans had met, not in deadly conflict—(Great cheering)—they had met to make mutual congratulations—they had met in friendly ceuecil. They had met to impart mutual encouragement and metual instruction, and they felt at the close of those four days, terminated by the proceed ings of the vast assembly before him—they felt not only that they had enjoyed the favour of Divine Providence, but they felt that they were now about to enter afresh upon their great work with renewed vigour.—(Cheers.) As one of the American delegation, he must express his most cordial thanks to their British brethren for that distinguished courtesy with which they received them.— (Cheers.) His own impression as to what had been done was a permanent and serious one ; he was firmly convinced that the work before them was a vast and difficult work; and during the few moments that were assigned to him he would devote to the impressing upon his fellow reformers the magnitude of the work to be done.—(Hear, hear.) The work sees vast, and they could not succeed in its accomplishment without the help of God—(Hear, hear)—who alone could change the entire convictions, maxims, and cus toms of a nation and of' the world.—(Cheers.) The members of this society meant by the help of God to set free the face of the earth from one of its direst scourges—(Cheers)--and dry up one of its damning fonntains.—(Cheers.) Their great difficulty would be the discountenancing the use of the intoxicating cups in the fashionable circle.--(Hear, hear.) And their legislators had yet to be converted, for they were against the members of this society. The mighty of the earth were also against them, and so was the whole of the trade. Every man that owned a brewery or dis tillery ; every man that had a wholesale and retail estab lishment for the traffic in ardent spirits, or malt, or fer mented liquors was against them.—(Hear, hear.) And they were not a few—not to be despised. The whole habits and customs of society were against them in this reform. But God was with them, and they need not • fear the issue. —(Loud cheers.) Truth immortal, insurmountable truth, was what they relied upon us the chief means of diffusing the glorious princi ples of total abstinence. They heeded not prejudice passion and interest ; as Milton had well said " Only give truth a fair open field, and she must triumph."— (Cheers.) They believed it, and stood in the midst of the vast British public, as Temperance Reformers, in a very different position to that which they occupied in their own country where public sentiment had changed. lie knew there were many excellent men in tf is country, whose heart and soul was with them, but they could not take a decided step to refuse imparting the poisonous beverage to the guests at their tables. Why there was such a power of public sentiment against intemperance, that it was not considered inhospitable to sit at the head of one's table, and to give nothing to those who sat at it but the pure beverage of Paradise. —(Cheers.) The great work they had performed was to be accomplished, he thought, by four instruments—light and love, patience and prayer.—(Cheers.) And he hoped that every tem perance reformer would go forth girded with this holy principle. They had a secret which they did not wish to conceal, and the freemasonry of that right was to open the arcanum of the world—the panacea that could heal many—he was almost going to say most of its woes.—(Hear, hear.) The persons with whom they had to deal might be divided into two classes —persons that had consciences and regarded its influence, and those who adopted their principles through the operation of public sentiment, which they were too cowardy to resist; and when our blessed Lord was on earth he went about among men preaching his religion, never expressing his disgust at anything that offended him, but dealing with men as if they had consciences and hearts that could feel the power of the holy lessons he inculcated. There was but one class of men against whom he dealt in words of thunder—the proud, stern, self-righteous Pharisees, against whom he addressed that beautiful figure in Holy Writ, and said "Wo ! No ! Wo !" They could not convert some men ; they might address them in the language of truth, with angels' tongues, but without causing the moral sensi bility, inherent in all human nature, to respond.—(Hear.) He knew this did not exist to a great extent in England, but he knew that there were men who would deal in the drunkard's drink till nothing but public senti meat shamed them from continuing it.—(Loud cheers.) But to form that public sentiment they had another class to deal with ; they must deal with men as if they had consciences, as if they possessed sense and benevolence. The facts that had converted them would, he sincerely believed, convert others. "Do unt others as you would have them do unto you," for if a man could not convert another unto his sentiments, not by knocking him down, but by the repeated presenta tion of arguments, by example, and by charity, he must be almost beyond the reach of cure. They could not fail to conquer, for they had truth enough on their side to conquer the world. Let them go into towns, and other places where intemperance was rife, and by the influ ence of love, and peace, and prayer to the Giver of all good gifts, and of wisdom, and strengh, propagate the doctrine of total abstinence.---(Hear, hear.) He wished to say one word before he sat down, with respect to the training of children. Having had some experience as a pastor in America, with respect to children, he wished to add his testimony to the great advantage which was gained by teaching children the principles of temper ence. He entered upon the work of administering the pledge to children with great warmth, and he was struck with the developement which it created. The full de- ' velopement of the mind of a child was the moral senses. The conscience and heart of a child were very suscept ible of cultivation. He had found that they could un derstand the difference between right and wrong long before they could solve the sth proposition in the book of Euclid. He had made experiments, and the result was the conscience of a child was made of as stern stuff as that of a man. Ile had seen them put to the test, and knew that they were acting rightly in first con vincing them that a thing was right or wrong, and that they ought to abstain from it, to induce them to follow that advice. He could not sit down without saying that he did feel ashamed, as a child of England— a grand-child, he should rather say—to pass through the streets of Loudon, and see so many trap-doors for im mortal souls.—(Cheers.) He did think they could be closed, or changed to a better employment ; and his prayer was, that with God's blessing, that conviction. and all their efforts, might enable them to behold old England and America delivered and emancipated from this evil, and going forth under the blessed unrestricted influence of the Gospel of God's grace, to teach mankind the advantage of temperance and peace.—(Cheers.) The Rev. J. Marsh of New York, next addressed the meeting. He siad there was not a more beautiful figure than that presented in one of the old proverbs with re ference to the Scriptures, which represented the Gospel first as a little stream, reaching to the ankles, then swelling to the knees, till spreading and rolling on it became a broad, deep river, fertilising the nations of the earth. Everything was small at its beginning, yet they see things gradually enlarging and extending over the whole earth. The very Gospel itself was once confined in an upper chamber. Mark the amazing revolution which took place in the sixteenth century. Why, at one tiro( the predominant religion was confined to the breast of a monk. (Hear, hear.) Wilberforce, that man so beloved in America that man whom they thought of when first they saw England's shore— when they said, " we are going to the land of Wilber force, who laboured twenty-six years before he could induce truth and humanity to break up the slave-trade —and the cause in which they were engaged had also overcome great obstacles, and was now delivering thi world from the thraldom of intoxicating liquors. Any famine or disaster which cost the country 30,000,0001. would have been considered its ruin, and yet that vice of intoxicating liquors had saddled this country with an expense of 60,000,0004 If Nero had taken 600,000 of the population and stripped them of their clothing, their fuel, their food, and their lands. and caused them to subsist upon charity, it would have been a tyranny which Rome, in its degenerate days, would not have borne (Hear, hear)—y et intemperence produced in this country greater misery and wretchedness than such an act would have created.—(Hear, bear.) Had some fiend been let loose from the realms of dark ness, to produce such mischief as these liquors had created, we should have asked to be at liberty to pur chase his absence, in order to save ourselves and our children, and yet the law invested every gin-shop in London with this fiendish power, counselled men to com mit crimes, and sent thousands unprepared into eternity. Look at the poor drunkard ! what a wreck of a man ! Look at him, and at his family ; look at the miserable man in his bed of straw, dying of delirium tremens, and who, before the breath leaves his body, is in the very agonies of hell. Look at that burning ship on the ocean, amidst the dark mass of midnight, all enveloped in flames, and rising up the rigging to the sails. See the miserable beings rushing to and fro in agony, and then hopelessly plunging into the ocean. Such, alas, was but a picture of the desolate condition of 600,000 souls in this city, and of 300,000 Americans; and progressing in that state towards eternity, and yet they had a cure for all this evil—a cure so simple, so ea sy that they were too proud to adopt it—a cure costing so little, and blessing them with everything, namely, total abstinence.—(Hear, hear.) It was their duty to adopt it—it was the duty of England and America—the duty of the Chris tian, and of the whole civilised world. He had heard a very pretty anecdote of the Queen, through one of the American newspapers, which gave them a good opinion of her, and they had never lost it. — (Cheers) The year after her inauguration—he did not vouch for the truth of the anecdote—but it got into one of the American papers, and he believed it was true. — (Laughter.) One day her Minister waited upon her and urged upon her a particular Act, on the ground of its being " expedient. ' She replied, "My Lord, talk not to me of expediency; is it right?"—(Cheers.) He would put that question to her Majesty, and to her Ma jesty's Government, whether it was right, with such a mass of the population plunged in crime, immorality, and wretchedness throughout the kingdom, and throughout the whole of her Majesty's dominions, whether it was right for a humane Government to license men to cause individuals all this misery ?—(Hear, hear.) He would put it to ministers of the Gospel in Great Britain, whether, when such was the result of intoxicating liquors, it was right for them to use them?—(Hear, hear.) He would also put the question to any philan thropist, and to any patriot. Moderation was i intemperance, and he stated before that great British au dience that total abstinence was the only true principle S N_ ( tr;s ill ef l y 4 . 1,1?:•1 skee _ e , of teteperatele ee(Tseael tilt et etierieleefe si" • see Li --tf j se . :•' net temperanze. They he el reeled Vale America, and they had so pres se d i t to t h e eons (IS/it:4P men they durst nut drink there, because they knew that wss the only way to redeem this world. They were satisfied of this principle, that supply creates demand, and they nicked them to understand it here, and also that as lon , as it continued the demand would continue. (Hear, hear.) Take away the supply, and its loss would not be felt—take it away from the poor I drunkard, and he would care nothing about it in six weeks.--(Hear, hear) In America they were going on gloriously on this principle, and he believed they were going on gloriously here also. It had been his province to read the journals of this country carefully, and they had shown a progess on the part of this country, which they were n o t sensible of. Thepeople of this country were doing more than they thought, but they thought too highly of the Americans. They did not think highly enough of themselves here.—(Hear, hear.) Her Majesty in her new year's gifts withheld Leer, and he trusted she would withheld wine on the next occa.,ion.—(Hear.) Through God's omnipotent b!eseing he had no doubt the cause of temperance would prosper throughout the world.—(elieers.) The Rev. W. REED, of Edinburgh, next carae for ward to address the meeting. He said he must aeN:now ledge that he was a little squeamish about coming into that house, being his first appearance on any stage -(Hear, and laughter.) But having got into it, aid contrasted it with the place in which he was accustomed to minister, he was almost tempted to sing a stanza of a song which was sometimes heard in Scotland : This is no my air. house, I hen by the biggin' —(Laughter.) And yet after all he did not feel himself our of place, minister of the Gospel though he was.— (Cheers.) When a mechanic found his machine out of order, did he continue working at it without inquiring into the cause? When a husbandman found his soil unfruitful, did he not adopt means to make it fruitful? and should a mlnlster of the Gospel, -when he found an obstacle meeting him at every turn, remain igno rant with regard to that obstacle, instead of acting con sistently with the great commission assigned to him ? There was one point to which he would confine his attention during the few moments he had to address them—he referred to the young. They had also a most important duty to discharge to the rising generation, and they had no right to leave a system behind them, which would degrade, demoralise, and ruin them. — (Cheers.) Poets had compared young children to flowers, but if they neglected them like a deserted garden, they could not send anything forth so noxious. --(Hear.) If they could look upon them with the eye of Jehovah, they should tremble with the great responsi bility which devolved upon them with respect to children. fie considered that there was a great relation between the mind of a man and the mind of a child—the con nexion was as intimate as the connexion between one end of the electric telegraph and the other. To ascer tain the dispositions of children they must look into the play-ground, where they would find the future warrior, the future grasping merchant, playing at pitch and toss, the boy who in after years might dye his hands in blood and commit murder, they might see him make flys spin round and round without their wings, for the examples set before children had a great influ ence on their future lives, and in forming their disposi tions for good or evil.—(Hear.) Then the boy sitting on his father's knee at home learned his first lesson in intemperance by tasting a little drop. Parents might look upon this as simply an indication of juvenile folly, which in future years would be eradicated. The mind of man was being observed in-the head of the boy, and he sought no other example than that inculcated in his father's house, and adopted no other opinions but that which received a sanction there.—(Cheers.) It was a great mistake to think that education began at school, or when a man went out into the world. The first teaching commenced at home, and was mate rially influenced by the kindness or unkindness of a father, and mother, and brother and sister. Their kindness or unkindness went a great way to form the mind of the boy in after years. It was a most beautiful and encouraging fact, and it was in this fact that he had the greatest hope for the regeneration of this great world. —(Cheers.) In fact the infant mind was free from prejudice. The boy of a better climate would find a companion in the child of this cold climate, and the child of this cold climate and a child of a Prince would not refuse to associate with the child of a peasant.— (Hear, hear.) They come into the world free from prejudice. He would be contented to entrust any great question to a jury of children, gathered from any corner of the world, he had so much confidence in them. He would refer the Oregon question to them.—(Hear.) He would put on one side the nature of that rocky country, and, on the other, the blood that must have been spilt before that country could be gained, and they would say, "Rather let the question remain un settled for ever. than that one drop of blood should be Spilt." Ile would submit to them the question of Eu ropean slavery, and, after considering it, they would say, " Let every fetter be struck off, and let the slaves go free."—(Cheers.) He would also place this question before them, laying on one side the inutility of in toxicating drinks, and, on the other side, broken-hearted wives, unhappy children, and wretched homes, and they would say, "Taste it not—touch it not."—(Cheers.) They had perhaps seen a number of houses in flames, and after the fire could not be got under at the spot it had broken out at, they had seen the firemen play upon a house for fear it might ignite those at some distance, from the other portion of the fire, but when the fire ex tended to it, it was found as difficult to get over as it would be to swallow the ocean. It was well to play water on the old drunkard, but it was still better to go further, and prevent the flames from reaching the children.—(Cheers.) The Rev. Dr. Cox, of New York, next addressed the meeting. Lie said he hoped to be temperate, but he was placed in a position which might snake one feel intoxi eated.—(llear.) When he left America last June, he intended, when he returned, as he did i n 1833 , to have been able to say that be had never been at an opera or a theatre.—(Laughter.) But he should make no apology and tell the truth. There was a maxim est modes in rebus, but the cause of temperance was the cause of man—the cause of God. He asked England rn help America with her example. So great was the extent of intemperance in the gin palaces of Lon don, that if the whole of the spirits drank in these places in the course of a year were gathered into one great reservoir, the whole British Navy might swim in it. l'he exertions of the Convention would, he believed, outstrip all other exertions, because they formed a body desirous of carrying out the principles of sound philan thropy. They would go forth to tell what it had done, the great progress it had made, and the potent influence which its labours would have not only on America but upon the whole civilised world. He could not conclude without expressing a hope that " God save the Queen" and " All hail, Columbia," would be sung together.-- (Cheers.) G. S. KENDRICK, Esq., of West Bromwich, then came forward, and said that he considered it a good omen that this meeting was held in Covent-garden Theatre, because meetings of the first importance to mankind and to the country had been held in that place before-- (Cheers)—and as these meetings had resulted in one of the greatest, one of the most important, one of the most beneficial measures of modern times, he trusted that this meeting, held in the same place, for even a higher and a nobler purpose, would reach an equally successful ter mination.—(Continued cheers.) The Premier had eulo gised one of the men who had been instrumental in carrying that measure as one of the heroes of the free trade movement ; but it yet remained for them to carry the much more extended, and the yet more important, measure.—(Cheers.) It was said that 5,000,0001. would be saved by the passing of that Bill, but he (Mr. Kendrick) affirmed that not five, but 50,000,0001. would be saved to the kingdom if they could pass a Total Ab-. stinence Bill.—(Hear, hear.) It was said that the want of such a law as that lately passed had restricted the food of the people ; but they had had undoubted autho rity to substantiate the fact, that seventy persons out of every seventy-seven were punished for crimes induced by drunkenness.—(Hear, hear.) That Bill had been passed to benefit the poor man principally, but this measure would be equally beneficial to rich, and before he had r p n o e o n r T a dhee poorbad heard, a nd n k en m n e a s n s y . of j t u h s e t m had seen rich, come to that meeting, he had seen a carpenter who had been brought to that state of degradation, that for ten years he was not once perfectly sober.--(Hear, hear.) He had been separated fi ora his wife three times, and when he (Mr. Kendrick) asked the cause of separation, the man stated that it was altogether owing to the in toxicating liquors, which had starved his family. .For these reasons he thought that the question they had met to discuss that evening, was one of the most important and most interesting to the human race. He said that this law might be carried out, but how were they do it? The most effectual, the only certain way would be by the law of kindness. The law of kindness was the only, the really beneficial mode • for charity would in all circumstances be mo re efficacious than force; the laws of attraction drew everything to a centra l , while the laws of force repelled them.—(Cheers.) He might be allowed to mention one word with regard to Ireland; he had often travelled through Ireland, and he had never hear ,a d s b o if witht one th e course sexpres sion opposed with regard to e to xc h e i p s t r i e o f il orm of ati o o n n e ; p F u a b t h l e c hr n ll. , I who a the ‘ w v all spoke well of him. Now he attributed all this to the prevailing principle of benevolence that pervaded all his lectures and his actions—(Cheers)—and he had found universally that no one had any wish to oppose, but that all in that countn were willing to aid the temperance reformation. We had, not long ago, stood along with Mr. Houghton, on the balcony of a public-house to hear a lecture on tem perance reformation.—(Hear, hear.) The publican himself came forward, and said, " there are two or three persons in that corner who have broken the pledge, ad dress a few words to them." There were not above two or three who left that meeting who had not signed the pledge. He thought they ought to avoid addressing hard words to those persons who were intemperate ; ho repeated, they ought to avoid these, because that was not the best way of making converts. There were 20,000 ministers of the Gospel in America, and the public feel ing in that country was very strong that ministers of all denominations should be teetotallers. The control was the case in this country. If a Miesister of this country were to affirm these princiesks, he would be looked down upon; not one of the, higher classes would support him. But a better feeling was arising through• out the country. As an illustration, he might tell them, that at an agricultural meeting at Newcastle, where upwards of 30,000 persons were assembled, and where, by the way, there was an horticultural show also, there were a number of booths erected for the sale of spirituous liquors, but these shops were quite deserted, and the speculators had lost by them.—(Cheers.) Dr. CALDWELL, Professor of Mental Philosophy in Dickenson's University, Pennsylvania, next addressegthe meeting. He said be had not expected at th at of the night to be called on to say one wo nt to that was Certain con vention and vast assembiy,and en th en h late hour