The Sun. — London, England, 1846-06-18 00:00:00

LITERATURE,. .111ENOIRS OF COUNT GRAMMONT AND CHARLES H. In this additional volume o: his " 4 tandard Library," Mr. Bohn has presented his readers with a work more interesting than any romance, more moralising in the lessons which it inculcates than any polemical discourse, and more fraught with worldly v.isdom and experience than any book r;l 7 adventures. There are assuredly few lovers of Eovlish literature, at especially of that rich rein of 0%1 native literature—our biographical library— but have already familiarised themselves with the metro:Ars of Graairnont. Supposing this to be the case, a reperusal of them will not prove unacceptab!e, seeing that they tend to illustrate the most romantic passage In the history of Great Britain. Through its pages they may recognise how the Merry Monarch" dallied with the capacities for good which he possessed, how , 4 Villiers flaunted and how Sedley sung." They will mako their introduction, or renew their ac quaintance (according as the records are familiar or strange unto them) with the must prcfligate Court, the most bewitching ccricubines, the most licentious volup tuaries, the most insolent displays of vice and de bauchery the world p2rh spa ever witnessed in a palace of Christendom. And while their hearts will revolt a t the reflection, that ";,43 such polluted hands the destinies of their country were at one period resigned, tht it sym pathies will be excited, even in favour of King Charles, by the fre._ittent evidences given by him of a uatura: goodne!, a cf temperament and of a healthy character of iratellect. Loving these traits of gentleness, thas will lothe the more the habitual profligacy with which they were covered and almost ob literated. It is scarcely possible not to recognise the fact that profligacy is rather attributable to the encite • mews to viciousness which were born of the events of the age, to the decoying guise of his familiar associates. Buckingham, Rochester, Sir Charles Sedlev, and Sir George Etheridge, rather than to any predisposition to debauchery in the Sovereign. There is a curious re action in society immediately upon the re-establishment of authority after any revolutionary or r)public movement ; and this fact is traceable in all kingdoms and in all generations. In England the recall of th Stuart dynasty to the throne, after the dece Ise of the Protector, was a signal fir the utmost laxity in the national morals, the seat of government being itself ti e head-quarters of sin. Just in the same manner that upon the inauguration of the Directory in France, ater th 4 execution of Robespierre, the most loathsome immo rality, not only in manners but aAnally in dress, rioted in the Tuileries and the streets of Paris. Oliver had curbed by a steady rule and a vigorous genius what Maximillian had only managed by the most devilish cruelty and the most sullen despotism—namely the Spread of vice ; the English were awed into virtue, the French were frightened into it. And directly the un natural restrair ts both of puritanism and of terrorism were removed, the popular spirit recoiled with three fold violence in the opposite direction. There is one fragment in the present volume which of itself is worth seven times the cost of the entire collection—we mean the reprint from Pepys's account of the Escape of Charles the Second from Worcester, "as dictated to him by the Kinag himself," and a right extraordinary series of hair-breadth escapes from discovery is this docu ment. It is infinitely more dramatic than the escape of Caleb Williams, and infinitely more thrilling than the escapes of Gil Blas—because mounded upon fact, and be causO of the more remarkable character of the incidents. Waile we are following Charles, disguised mss a servant, in the town of Burporr, the bveways and court-yards of which are crowded with round-head soldiers ; and while the monarch goes blundering in among the troopers, leading his horse by the bridle, our heart is (to use an old country phrase) "in our mouth." The volume altogether is a rare one for interest and instruction. We commend it with confidence for its union of ro- Mance and reality, if not for its uncommon likeness of " pretty Witty Nell Gwynne." RE LATE RE $ 7. . DR. HEUGH. It is with deep concern that we announce the death of this eminently good man and distinguished public character. This event took place at his house, Mon trose-street, Glasgow, on the morning of the 10th instant. For several months Dr. Heugh's health had been in an enfeebled state, and considerable apprehensions were felt as to the issue; but it was only within a few weeks past that the symptoms became decidedly unfavourable, so as to resist every means which medical skill could employ to check their progress. As was to be expected of one whose religious principles were so pure and whose piety was so deep and fervent, his afflictions were borne, not only with resignation but with cheerfulness ; his deathbed was a scene of peaceful triumph. It is impossible within our narrow limits to do anything like justice to the cha racter and services ot such a man as Dr. Heugh. During the *whole of his public life, the influence of his fine intel lect and active talent was devoted to the best interests of mankind. As a Christian minister he was the earnest supporter of evangelical truth and o f p rac ti ca l piety. On public questions affecting religion he took a leading part. On all such his opinions were decided, and to the advancement of right views with respect to them his powerful advocacy was cheerfully afforded. lh was peculiarly fitted for efficient service in this department, from the union of acuteness and power, of P r omptitude in conception withsagacity in action, Which formed the character of hi s m i n d. H e was espe cially interested in every measure for the advancement of Christianity in our own country and throughout the wer t •ld ; and to the liberal views, and the ener , y with Which he enforced them, were owing, in a great degree. the enlarged schemes of missionary enterprise in which the Secession Church has for several years been en gaged. Eminent as were the gifts and attainments of Dr. Heugh, his public usefulness was scarcely less owing to high character than to distinguished ability. Combining a fine sense of honour with unbending in tegrity, he was at once true to his principles and fair to those who differed from him—commanding respect for the purity of los in tives, and the esteem of mans whose views he might deem it his duty to oppose. It was a beautiful instance of the power of religions prin ciple and of its high maturity in the character of Dr. Rough, th a t th e c i rcumstances o f a r ec ent attack on his good name—an attack unprecedented for its wantonness — appeared, amidst the holy calm of his last days, to have absolutely passed from his recollection. Dr. neugh was in the 64th year of his age and the 40th of 12 ia ministry.—Scotsman. THE FLITTING-DAY IN EDIN- BURGH. Monday (25th) was the flitting-day in this city, and a very large number of removals taok place. This is a queer season in Edinburgh—one of unutterable personal toil and anxiety to the emigrants. Were a householder is so fortunate as to obtain an empty domicile, or his predecessor can find it convenient to leave before the time, matters are not so bad—the new tenant can choose the best weather, and the season most convenient for removal, and can easily command the services of carts, Porters, &c. But in the more frequently recurring cues the incoming tenant does not get possession of his abode till twelve o'clock on the term-day; in other 'words, one party is removing his furniture while the other is carrying in his. And what a hurry-burry there is—the whole previous night is mostly occupied in screw ing down beds, emptying drawers, raising carpets, &c., and everybody is employed in the most laborious and irritating drudgery. Even when the waggons or carts have conveyed the heavy loads of furniture to the new house, it may happen that the previous tenant is not ready to admit the "plenishing," and there is no help for it but either to deposit the articles in the "back green," or allow the vehicle to remain on the streets with their contents till the coast is clear. Few pic tures of misery can adequately match that presented in our streets, when , as is the case, we apprehend nine times out of ten , the " flittin g morning ' is one of heavy rain. The scene is really wretched in the extreme, though the cause be trivial and the details somewhat ludicrous. We have men and women. the high and low, the rich and poor, drenched to the skin with wet—porters and carters splashed with mud and water—furniture dripping—feather mattresses and bed ding literally soaked through, and one would think, ren dered damp in all time coming. And then, in ny.ny cases, to see the poor children dragged from bed, ill dressed, with dishevelled hair, and look s sulky, or de picting stupid surprise—nobody able to tell what to make of them, or whether any receptacle can be found in which they may find an asylum for the time. This is indeed a season of trial. At the Roman saturnalia , slaves and masters mingled on terms of equality; now the men of physical strength—porters, &c., are every thing, and wealth, wisdom, and science nothing at all. The affair is worse than a washing day, so much de tested by the Candles of the male ..ender, or the vvhite• washing madness in America, of whose processes Dr. Franklin has written. Some men, a - e apprehend, leave the whole details to their spouses, perhaps on the prin ciple that women have the gift of patience in greater development than the other sex ; uncharitable misan thropes might say, because they cannot abide, to take the trouble which would devolve upon them were they actually found upon the scene of action. As regards the transactions of Monday, it most fortu nately happened that the day was good—an inestimable ads antage. On the Sabbath night there fell a few drops of rain, and the sky looked d;ll. fin T l The morning seemed doutafill, but- the day kept u "merry as a marriage bell." e y, and things went Scarcely ever did such , term . n s number of people remove at on. so far , r n a t s u t w g e h , h a a r v e , it is pletwieg to think that everytt. chi-ertulne,t, heard, was conducted with propriert‘ was necessary The bedding and other articles which - a i l t d to leave on the streets, or to deposit temporarilywoagreen,, and catrts, were as dry as if left on a room we ought to add, that although the night previous Andwa that of the Sabbath, and the temp t ation to lighten the s burdens of the next day strong, we did not witness on the streets a single person carry an article, but every thing was a 4 decorous in appearance as on ordinary oc casions.—Edinburgh Post. ENGLISH GOVERNESSES.—In -thu-, the governess is held in such respect that she is led forth as an honoured guest, taking precedence of the pupil whose education she has completed. In England it would be difficult to ascer tain her position—charged with the sole care of the "precious jewels" of an illustrious house; considered com petent to cultivate their minds—to f ;rm their manners—to aids' ge their views, that they may keep their p sition, and become all that is desired in English gentlewomen—the person who does all this, if admitted into society at all, thrust, unintroduced, into a corner, and expected to retire when the younger children are sent to bed—slighted by the servants—who consider her a servast—and looked upon as a person to be dismissed as soon as done with by the mistress! For one governess who receives a pension fcr past services— services which can never be repaid—there are, protected and prosperous —a hundred ladies' maids; it is not at all uncom - mon to meet with . pensioned servants, but a pensioned governess is a rara avis ; we find them in hospitals pr work houses, when they are overtaken by ill health, or faded into old age ;-.The iclrt Union for Jim THE 13TARRIAGE OF THE QUEEN OF SPAIN• (Froia the Constitutionnel) The opinions t xpressed by M. Thiers and M. Guizot during a rt cent deb,te on the affairs of Spain, and more particularly on the alliances proposed for Queen have excited great attention at Madrid. They have led to some very curious communications, the sources of winch we cannot make known, but the authenticity of which we can guarantee. The explanations confirm all Ciat was sa id b y N. Thiers on the sutj,ct of the young Que , e's marriage, with the exception of one point. It was not from Queen Maria Christina that originated the idea of the eandidatesidp of Gaunt Trani, which is now declared to be impossible—it is France that must bear the responsibility of this briiliant idea. The share taken by the French Government in the entanOed politics in which unhappy Spain is involved is much greater than M. Thiers represented it to be in the Chamber. This question of marriage, so important to Spain, and to her relations with France and with Europe, has long been a g itated between the Govern ments. With more or less wisdom, consistency or propri ety, five candida' es for the Queen's hand have been thought of—the Duke de Montpensier, of the Royal house of France ; the Count de Montemolin. son of Don Carlos ; a German Prince of the house of Coburg ; the Neapo litan Prince, Count de Trapani ; and one of the sons of the Princess Carlotta, Mario Christino's sister, have been successively cti,cu&sed urn, and preferred or ex cluded in '..he councils of the different European Gov rn ments. The predilections of the Queen Mother have i-een from the first in favour of the Duke de Montpensier. This alliance would certainly have been rpular in Spain; Out our Government has uniformly declined it. For this refus...l there was a serious motive. In such a nation 33 Spain great caution must be taken not to make any foreign influence prominent. The marriage of the Duke de Mont pensier to Qiteen Isabella would have been atten ded with this inconvenience, and have rendered it dis tateful to Spain. This motive of refusal, founded on the 'uspicious character of the people of Spain, was a grave me, but at the same time was not that shieh decided the resolution of our Government. It is, in fact, - well known that it has always wished to act in Spain without !saving the appearance of acting. Th e marr i age o f th e Duke de Aloutpe!isier to Queen Isabella might, so , n,r or later, give cause for an open intervention in the affairs .f Spain, of which intervention our Cabinet has a horror. This candidate put aside, it would have wil i,ngly promoted the pretensions of the Count de Aontemolin. If it had been possible to brine the par ,tes together, and efface all the traces of the civil war by the marriage of the son of Don Carlos to the ±aughter of Queen Christina, thus confounding all rival pretensions, nothing could be more reasonable than mach a union. But, far from producing this desirable conciliation, the choice of th e son o f Don Carlos would, on the contrary, revive in Spain all those feelings of hatred which are but half extinguished. The Progressists, and nearly all the Moderados, would find in this alliance a counter-revolution, and events would soon justify their fears. The Carlists would gather round the consort of th(ir Queen, and conceive a hope of restoring through him all of Old Spain that the re volution has destroyed. The strife between the restora ion and the revolution would be recommenced. The Fueroi, the clergy, and absolutism would make war upon a st;cial state as yet but insufficiently consolidated, upon the national property acquired so lately, and von the constitutional system scarcely yet com menced. Thuc the Count de Monternolin, whose mar• iage would be desirable if it were likely to accom plish the fusion of dynastic pretensions, cannot pos sibly be the successful candidate. As to a prince of the House of Coburg, our Government has interposed its veto. This is certainly not because the house of Coburg is German, and because there is a dread of re-establishing that antique European Power which was founded by Charles V., and which cost France so many wars and effifts to overthrow. Such a danger could not recur unless an archduke should be the successful candidate ; for the House of Coburg has no serious power in Germany. But this house has , )ecome altogether English, and on this account cannot he admitted to a hold in Spain without exciting great ap prehension. The French Cabinet, knowing that this would be thus judged of by the public, has not shown any favour to this project of alliance. Besides, the Houses of Orleans and Coburg, although united by more than ono marriage, are not completely amalgamated. After having set aside the Duke de Monpensier, because he might give rise to the question of inter vention—the Count de Montemolin, because he is ab solutely rejected by Spain, even by the Moderados —a Prince of the House of Coburg, because he does not inspire much sympathy in France, there remained but one reasonably political course to take, that of turning towards cne of the sons of Don Francisco le Paula, nephew of Maria Christina7Thes7;;; neither too much nor too little Bourbonists—they are Spaniards, Liberals, and Princes. To them there is only one obstacle. Imprudent acts committed by the mother eave weakened the recollection of the service rendered by her to her sister, Maria Christina. They have been made displeasing to our Government by their mother having placed them in the Progressist party. This, in stead of reconciling the nephews to the aunt, has caused :heir rejection. The family of the Infanta, already irri ,ated, became more and more violent, and suffered itself to be led to take inconsiderate steps—the division became envenomed, and'an alliance with this branch was rendered as impossible as all the others. Our Government, however, brought forward the Count de Trapani, in spite of the objections raised by the Queen Mother, as .ve know, to this project, but to which she afterwards resigned herself. As long ago as 1843 our Government entered upon this subject with the Cabinets of Vienna mod Berlin. At a later day, at the moment when M: Olezaga was about to quit Paris to become Minister in Spain, conferences, at which the King of the Belgians was present, were held in Paris, at which the name of the Count de Trapani was mentioned, as well as that of Count d'Aquila, who was not at that time married to a Brazilian Princess. But it was particularly at the period when M. Donoso Cortes came to Paris to recall the Queen Mother that the Neapolitan Prince was directly named as a candidate. M. Donoso Cortes did not leave until alter hav ing been much edified on the merits of the Count de Tra pani, put forth at the various conferences, and carried with him a portrait of the Count, destined for Gonzales Bravo, then Minister. Neither has it been forgotten that an Ambassador was sent to Spain by the Court of Naples, by the advice of France, to endeavour to bring about a reconciliation between the two Courts, and thus prepare the way for the marriage. At conferences at the Chateau d'Eu, between the King of the French, Queen Victoria, M. Guizat, and Lord Aberdeen, the merits of the several candidates were discussed, and an alliance between Queen Isabella and a Neapolitan Prince decided upon as the most eligible. Nothing, however, could be less politic—more impracticable. The endea vours of the Prince de Carini and M. Bres son to promote the fulfilment of this project, have only rendered the antipathy of Spain more deep and strong. • The same feelings which in duced France to accept the Orleans dynasty, 'al though Bourbon, produces the effect in Spain of making the monarchy popular, abhough the House of Bourbon is not so, but the Neapolitan branch is still less so. It was, in fact, difficult for Spain to forget the manner in which the Court of Naples acted in the Spanish revolu tion, refusing to acknowledge it. This repulsion was common to all parties in Spain, Moderados as well as Progressists. The Moderados were unwilling to add to all the other grounds of its unpopularity, true or false, that of assenting to such a marriage, and therefore were almost unanimous in rejecting it. The power to act upon the impressionable mind of Narvaez, and to make him de cide in favour of the Count de Trapani. Tfo n it was that the Moderados, impressed with the fear that the Narvaez Ministry might come to an unfavourable resolution, made those manifestions which, in the winter, em broiled Narvaez with his colleagues, and brought about the dissolution of the Moderadu Ministry. In fine, the acceptance of the Count de Trapani has been unani mously pronounced impossible, and in fact he is given up by all parties. Such is the series of faults which have brought Spain to the position in which she stands, and from which no one can tell how she can relieve her self ; for almost all the marriages which have been suc cessively proposed have failed almost irrecoverably. The id'alainet of the Tuileries is afraid to persist in proposing for the royal hand the Duke de Montpensier - the choice of the C oun t d e M ontemolin would raise all 'Spain in arms ; the Count de Trapani is acknowledged to be absolutely ineligible, and our Government will not ad mit of a Coburg. The causes of dissension which sepa rated the Queen-Mother from the sons of the Infanta Carlotta have been aggravated. Maria Christina anxious to have her daughter married, in order that she herself may be at liberty to leave Spain, says to our cabinet, give the Duke de Montpensier to my daughter for a husband, or sutler me to marry her to a Prince of Coburg. It is evident that our cabinet, after having committed the fault of not using its influence in bringing about a marriage between Isabella and one of the nephews of the Queen Mother, has deprived itself of the only chance it had of escaping the alternative of a Prince of Coburg, that is to say, an English alliance, or of the Duke de Montpensier, which would be a compromising marriage. D not these facts, which are of undoubted authenticity, render evident to all eyes the want of j udgment and foresight in the policy of our Government?". • the debate on the Glasgow , ERRATUM. —The num b(sonthe D fl u n ni al fr d ie i s v . is a i h o d n Cfoarrhasdle journing for a weak, was incorrectly stated in yester - Id have been, for the adjournment, 44; day's pap 9 - agairsi it, 39 ; rii - J' imp , rtant experi ment —.'i very R iil way y oT , T.. , DISEASE fix the adjournment, 5. THE e ß r ill ;hey should a . nity lands. Last year he had a crop of ash-leaf kidneys m uch merit has just been completed by Mr. Sclater of Summer atlected by the disease. and as they daily became worse , he caused all that were affected they have been three This was in November, and though . sixths of the sets times cut down by the frost, still five to be picked out and planted. prospered. A considerabl or sale, and in no instance p is or t t h id e n re appearance slightest of diseas e in the new potatoes, which are excellent in quality. o t f he the .s c i r x op s has been dug propagate disease in the crop raised from them s t . T n E e This, at least, proves that diseased sets will It is also .-. fact worth knowing in case of the re-appearance of the disease.— West Briton. ...EARNE, OF MANCHnEo R.ce_ssarily VuE RLV. U. is friends and admirer s of the Rev. Daniel Hearne, Roman Catholich C Priestof St. Patrick's Chapel, .Manchester, met In the Trades' hall of that town on Thursday evening, for til epurpose manner o i f i l3renting him with a testimonial of their regard for the discharged his duties since his appointment to the office which he had , the chapel in 1.'.25 The testimonial consisted of a seloenclirdesgtold cross, gdd watch and appendages, and 270 sovereigns. p A B-Dv FOUND IN THE THAMES.— Y.-sterday morn ing the body of a female, unknown, a n d whose age appeared to be about twenty-five, was found floating under one of the arches of Waterloo bridge. An Inquest was opened last evening at the Essex Head, Essex-street, Strand, by Mr. Biggs, who adjournedthe inquiry to afford an opportunity for deceased's friends to identify the body, which was respectably attired in half mourning. , THE RAMBLER STEAMBOAT.—TiIiS ill-fated vessel, on hoard of which so twiny persons perished at the time of the colli sion with the Sea Nymph, resumed her station between Liverpool and Slio on Saturday last. Parini; her trip she ran upon the Maiden Rock, near Belfast, and sunk. The crew and passengers were i *arcs, 2:ltt TOW ; we IniIOYOI is a toi4l wreck. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 18, 1846. ASYLUM FOR WORTHY AGED AND DECAYED FREEMASONS. The eleventh anniversary festival in aid of the Asylum ior worthy aged and decayed Freemasons, wi,s held last evening, at the Freemasons Hall, Brother J. B. Byron, Vice-President of the Society, in the chair. At six o'clock, about 150 brethren and gentlemen sat down to an excellent dinner, which was put upon the tr.ble in Bacon's best style, and after the cloth was with drawn, the Benedictus was sung by Messrs. Binge, Crouch, Collier, and Jolley. Mr. Higgins, the toast master, then entered upon the execution of his duties,-which he performed in admirable style. _ _ The usual loyal and national toasts having been drunk, The CHAIRMAN proposed the health of the Earl of Z«tland, the Grand Master. The toast was drunk with the utmost enthusiasm, and was followed by a fantasia on the harp from the airs in Meyerbeer's orra of Robert le Diable. %I hieh was ex quisitely performed by Mr. F. Chatterton, and raptur (lusty encored. Tile CHAIRMAN then rose to propose the toast of the evening. Eleven years had now elapsed since it had seemed de:drab - le to certain members of the craft, that an asylum should be founded for worthy aged and de cayed Freemasons. It was scarcely possible to pass through any road leading from the metropolis with out finding some asylum for aged persons connected with some charity. But there was no asylum for aged Freemasons, and this had been felt as almost a disgrace to the craft. They were possessed of a splendid hall in which they held grand festivals, surely then it was their duty to hold out a brotherly hand to worthy but de m) ed Freemasons, and to provide for them an asylum. —(Hear, hear.) It was eleven years since the scheme had been proposed, and he was surprised and sorry to find that in that time it had not been more effectually carried out. They had even now only 4,000/., and they ought to have had ten times that amount.—(Cheers.) He thought it most desirable that an asylum should-be erected f,r worthy and decayed Freemasons. Poverty was frequently the consequence of unavoidable misfor tune, and what could be more gratifying than to have an asylum where the more fortunate brother could go and shake his poor brother by the hand, and 2dminister to his wants.—(Cheers.) If the object of the Institution was pleasing to the craft, he trustt d they would show the interest they took in it by the liberality of their subscriptions.—(Cheers.) This charity did not interfere with any other masonic charity. It claimed assistance from the ct aft solely on its own merits. He trusted that the appeal would not be made in vain, but that that night would prove a triumphant answer to it.—(Cheers.) He concluded by proposing " Prosperity to the Asylum for worthy, aged, and decayed Freemasons."—Drunk with three times three, and one cheer more. Duett, "Finale to The Crusaders"—The Misses Turner. Duett—Horn and Pianoforte, Signors Puzzi and Nei ; ri. The CHAIRMAN then proposed the health of Brother Crucefix. the treasurer, and the Committee of the Asy lum.—(Cheers.) In proposing this toast, he might say that he was proposing the health of Brother Crucefix, for such was the zeal, talent, and energy that he exhi bited in the good work, that it might be called his work, and his alone.—(Loud cheers.) Drunk with three times three. Fantasia lon the sax horns, beautifully given by the Messrs. Diann, and loudly encored. Br ether CRUCEFIX rose to return thanks, which he did in a short but el( quent speech, apologising for his brevity by statiMg that he had a great deal to read. He then proceeded to read the report, from which it appeared that negotiations were in pro gress for bringing about a union between this charity and the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution—" a union," said the speaker, " which I trust will ere long he brought about, and which will form what other folks, speaking in other places, would call an extended Grand Junction line of charity.—(Loud cheers.) The statement of the accounts was also read by Brother Crucefix, from which it appeared that the Institution at present possessed— In the Consols... £3,353 18 10 In the Cripplegate Savings Bank 122 13 3 Dividends due next month 4B 16 10 In toe hands of the treasurer 270 9 4 3,800 18 4 At the conclusion of the reading the report, Signor Brizzi sang an exquisitely beautiful Italian aria, which VMS encored. Brother BREWSTER proposed the health of the Chair man.—Drunk with three times three. Fantasia—Pianoforte, Mr. Kiallmark. The CHAIRMAN returned thanks, and proposed " The health of the Ladies,"—Drunk with all the honours. Air—Brother Crouch—" Kathleen." The TREASURER then announced the amount of sub scriptions collected in the room was 5671. Bs. This announcement was received with loud cheering. Several other toasts were drunk, and the conviviality of the evening was kept up until a late hour. During the early part of the evening the gallery was crowded with ladies. WEST SUSSEX AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. SHEEP SHEARING. Although the humbug of agricultural associations is pretty well exploded, they are nevertheless kept up in certain localities, where here and there an honest far mer is beguiled of his guinea to reward the Squire's shepherd or housemaid for his or her faithful services, and to keep up the delusion that the rent receiver's and rent payer's interest are one and inseparable. Of course. Goodwood will be the last place to discontinue this crafty trick. But, nevertheless, the interest of these meetings flags, and the managers of this drooping con cern, like the managers of sinking and dying out theatres resort to all sorts of shifts and meannesses to induce a full attendance. The novelty of a bishop presenting a bible and a prayer-book has worn off, the flowry speeches of eloquent archdeacons have lost their attractive power, and so a rumour was industriously set afloat that Lord George Bentinck and Mr. Disraeli would certainly be present at Goodwood Sheep Shearing (which took place on Tuesday week) to dispel the usual dulness by smart addresses to the tenant-farmers. The bait took ; there was a goodly attendance of eager agriculturists to see and hear the new Tory lions : and as they who gave rise and encouragement to the trea cherous report feared that disappointment might stir up angry feelings in the breasts of the disappointed, the smiles and graces of illustrious ladies were cunningly introduced and called into action to turn aside the wrath of the bamboozled and beguiled dinner-eaters. There was only one feature at the dinner worth recording ; and that is emblazoned with such consummate art by the Times, whose notice we shall presently lay before our readers, that we shall not here say another word about it. The klliairman—now universally recognised as " a dull, blunt Duke "—repeated his old dull speeches, all the members of his family were grossly flattered, and the honest farmers and industrious labourers were smothered with the hollow praises of " farmer's friends," who extort from them the uttermost farthing in rent, and think their day-long labour rewarded by 65., 75., or Bs. a week. The after-dinner scene was a barren waste; not so the following description of it which we borrow from our talented contemporary the Times:— " The labourer is still the theme of eloquence at agri cultural meetings, where his importance is energetically urged and bis condition spoken of with affectionate in terest. To hear the speeches of protectionists at their dinners, where the labour is never omitted as a toast, and is sometimes tolerated as a guest, one would ima gine that the humble cultivator of the soil must be better provided for than the members of any other class of industry. Goodwood on Tuesday was the scene of one of those annual meetings which are held in many parts of the country for the purpose of giving the wor thy labourer his reward, in the shape of ten-shilling prizes, for the twelvemonth's stock of virtue he may have exhibited. The Duke of Richmond was in the chair, supported by a Bishop, an Archdeacon, an Ho nourable and Reverend, and an M.P., besides a num ber of clergy and landowners of the district ; while, to do honour to the humble hero of the day, the Duchess of Richmond and the Ladies Lennox were present in a side-gallery. There is something very beautiful in the idea of the master sitting down to the same meal with his men, and the presence of a galaxy of godliness is highly appropriate to such a truly Christian act as the feasting of the employed by the employer at his own table. The charm, how ever, of the proceeding is speedily dissipated when we fia that at such a very early stage of the business as the first toast, after the healths of the Royal Family having been drunk, the labourers had entirely expended their al lowance of beer, and were compelled to keep up their enthusiasm as well as they could, with empty mugs, to the end of the entertainment. When the Bishop of Chichester was toasted, the gentlemen present pledged him in a bumper ; but the labourers were forced to gesticulate with nothing to drink, like the happy veasantry' we see on the stage, tossing off copious draughts of mere atmosphere to the long life of their Prince. The whole proceeding, however, was of the same false, unsubstantial, and dramatic character as the phantom libations of the humbler portion of the guests. The Duke of Richmond's speech was crammed with clap. traps, which would have told admirably on the audience at a minor theatre, but which could not for a moment stand the test of sober criticism. He talked glowingly of the honest, meritorious, and industrious labourer, and added, that one man who felt a deep interest in the welfare of his employer is worth a hundred of those who only worked for the sordid consideration of their daily pay.' There is something absolutely comical in the idea of taunting a poor wretch who gets perhaps eight shillings a week with the sordid considerations of their daily pax.' Archdeacon Manning adopted the slime truly comic conceit, and reiterated the Noble Chairman's sentiment, that 'one man who worked from affection was worth a hundred who worked merely for lucre.' This high disdain for filthy dross ought not, we think, be exacted from labourers at eight shillings a week, who certainly, if they are actuated by the sordid love of lucre imputed to them by their employers, have very little t 3 gratify their avaricious appetites. Well may the working man entreat to be saved from his b ir i i m en t d u s, w w u h r iT frtuhmoseawffthuot affection, amuedt u that s character u e utteral l upon him to work from aM ction, and to show an utter ccjn tempt for pay. Surely he already accepts the minimum heard of things being so dear that ttey are not ru f rebry wages as on which it is possible to exist. We have to b e had for love or money. The toil of the la bourer vices purely fo s r im l love, laitutlearotifclbeothth.at but ts it hueki friends the protectoionists'would like to t obtain e et h ni a s t paid ds think he will be perpsueatsd without having to expend any, money at all. the labourer is, we do not ctin .be for into a belief that such a pro positiongle benefit. We wonder if it bas ever occurred to the Duke of Richmond to pay a hundred times as much wages to a man who works with a IN gard to his employer's interests,' as his Grace would pay to a mere every day labourer working for lucre —or, in other words, toiling for his own and his family's support. S ure l y t h e em p! o yers ought to be satisfied with the labour, such as it is—and it surely is cheap enough at it s p resen t miserable price— without grumbling that the article is not given in a spirit of the purest disinterestedness. One might as well taunt a servant with a love of lucre for wanting his wages, or a tradesman with sordid considerations for sending in his bill. The agricultural labourers cannot afford to put money entirely out of the question, though . their employers, by red uc i ng wa ges to the lowest pos sible point, take care not to encourage sordiness too far, or, at all events, not to give avarice too much to feed upon. It is quite clear that the motive for giving what are by courtesy termed prizes to the agricultural la bourers, is that they may become more valuable in a pecuniary point of view to their pretended friends. This was avowed at the West Sussex Agricultural Associa tion, and the purpose is, perhaps, legitimate, or even laudable; for, as a general rule, workmen, i n becoming more valuable to their masters, must be happier in them selves. " We fear, however, that there is too much hollowness in the words of encouragement addressed to them, and that the premiums offered are too nominal and contempti ble to have much influence in producing the desired effect. The distribution of a few Bibles and Prayer books and a few prizes varying from ten shillings to four pounds, will not compensate for a year's privation, caused by a rate of wages so miserable as to be wholly inadequate for comfort, and frequently insufficient for support. That such is the doom of the labourer, almost every day's experience affords some proof, and we need go no further back than our paper of yesterday for a strong case in point. Under the title of The Poor Law in a Rural District will be found the report of some proceedings taken by the parochial authorities to force upon a married labourer earning only Bs. a week, the maintenance of his mother, whom he declared himself unable to support. The energy with which the overseer went to work to prove the man capable of bearing the burden affords an amusing illustration of the difference of treatment the labourer experiences as the hero of after dinner eloquence at protectionist meetings and in the board-room of his own parish, to which he is summoned that another weight may be thrown upon him in ad dition to those he is already struggling to bear. In the case to which we allude every inquisitorial measure seems to have been adopted for the purpose of proving that the labourer earning eight shillings a week and having to keep a wife ought to spare the parish funds by taking also the support of his mother wholly upon him self. First he was taxed with having four pigs and six stocks of bees,' as if a man could keep his mother all her life on honey and pork, and could afford to expend these luxuries upon her. It turned out, however, that half the bees were dead, and the pigs were still unpaid for. So that before his mother could be fed from these sources there was a mortgage to be paid off ; and the magistrate, acting probably on this view of the question, refused to make the order for which the parish authorities had applied. We should be glad to know whether this poor man, if he were to enter the Duke of Richmond's service, full of affection for the nobleman who has expressed so deep a ccncern for the welfare of the labourer, and who, actu acted by his affection, would be worth a hundred ordi nary labourers—we wonder, we repeat, if he would ob tain from the Duke of Richmond a hundred times, or even ten times, or twice, the amount of wages usually paid ? If masters were to be found to appreciate such zeal as it deserves, it is most likely that the poor man whose case we have referred to, and many others in similar circumstances, would not have to appear before boards of guardians to resist orders for the support of their aged parents. The labourer, however, can be much more cheaply cared for in an after-dinner speech than by giving him a lair remuneration for his services. ' Civility costs nothing ;' but unfortunately it is intrin sically worth nothing to the party on whom it is bestowed." TRADE OF THE GAMBIA. RIVER, AND THE MANCHESTER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. The House of Commons have just ordered to be printed the petition of merchants and trades connected with the Gambia, and the Chamber of Commerce at Manchester. As many of the facts adduced must possess considerable interest for such of our readers as are en gaged in the African trade, we submit the substance of this document, which commences by showing that the trade in which the petitioners are interested is one which, apart from the insalubrity of the climate, necessarily in volving considerable personal and pecuniary risk, is ex posed to the general competition of French, German, and American traders, whereby profits are rendered extremely limited and precarious. The trade from this country is carried on by residents at the British settlement of Bathurst, on the island of Saint Mary's in the said river, where the affairs of the colony are conducted by a Lieutenant-Governor, assisted by a Legislative and Executive Council, whose local expenditure and the salaries are defrayed out of the revenue derived from duties levied upon merchandise imported into the settle ment. The power of imposing duties and taxes is vested in the Legislative Council, consisting of Governor, Chief Justice, Colonial Secretary, Queen's Advocate, Military Commandant, and one merchant ; and the Executive Council empowered to collect those duties are the Colonial Secretary and the Collector of Customs. Whence it appears, that the commercial interest of the colony, from taxes upon which is derivedthe whole of the colonial fund dispensed by the local government in pay ment of salaries and other expenses, is only allowed one member in the seven composing the legislative body em powered to impose those taxes, the remaining six consist ing of officers holding Government appointments, includ ing the Colonial Secretary and Queen's Advocate, whose salaries are charged upon the revenue of the colony. The trade is also placed under special disadvantage by an independent French station at Albreda, on the north bank of the river, which the British Government has hitherto neglected to remove, notwithstanding that ex clusive possession of the Gambia has been guaranteed to Great Britain by France. The French merchants at Albreda, not being burdened with an expensive civil es tablishment, import goods, forming the staple of trade, free of oppressive import duties. The duties upon mer chandise, up to a recent period, at Bathurst, were three per cent., ad valorem on all imports, an "extra" sixpence per gallon, equal to twenty-five per cent. additional on all spirits, and a farthing per pound, equal to fiv e p er cent. additional on tobacco ; and the aggregate collected by direct and indirect taxation amounted for the year ending sth January, 1845, to nearly five thousand pounds, while the value of the whole British trade of the river did not exceed seventy thousand pounds. Seven and a half per cent. in favour of the French trader at Albreda, because, as the colony of Bathurst is maintainel solely by commerce, all taxa tion, whether direct or indirect, necessarily falls upon its trade. The petitioners have learnt, with considerable alarm, that the council of Bathurst has increased the import duty from three to four per cent. ad valorem, im posed an extra duty on wines of sixpence per gallon, equal to an additional ten per cent., and further contem plates the imposition of fresh taxes on property. British trade at the Gambia has already been placed under such disadvantage, that addition a l burdens will totally deprive it of all chance of successfully . confronting foreign competition. The root of misgovernment lies in the constitution of the Council of Bathurst. There is no legitimate check upon the expenditure of the Exe cutive. Local ordinances take effect from the moment of their enactment at the colony, the assent of the Colo nial Minister being taken for granted. It would be wiser economy to abandon the present establishment altoge ther, and, if British authority is to be maintained at the settlement, to assimilate its government to the plan pur sued at the forts on the Gold Coast prior to their late resumption by the Crown; because neither the state of the military defences of Saint Mary's, and certainly not the interests of its trade, either justify or require the present scale of taxation and expenditure in operation at the colony. Petitioners, in addition to the compe tition at Albreda, have to contend against Americans, Germans, and other foreigners afloat at the native trading stations on the neighbouring coast, where no import duties exist, and, as the produce which is brought down from the interior is naturally attraeted to the market where it can be bartered to most advantage by the native traders, the visible effect of the system of le gislation complained of has been the gradual transfer of the trade from the British settlement to those places on the coast where the foreigner, in consequence of his ex emption from the taxation to which the British merchant is subject, derives most advantage from the traffic ; for, although drawback of the "extra" duties on wines, spirits, and tobacco is allowed on exportations from the British settlement, still the general impost rate, now increased to four per cent. ad valorem, is retained, while the expense of landing, warehousing, and transhipping goods stored in depot at Bathurst, for the coasting trade, operates as injuriously as a direct tax ; and thus the British merchant, in endeavouring to follow the trade which has been driven out of the river by an impolitic system of taxation, finds himself still pursued and thwarted by its consequences. Wherefore, petitioners trust that such measures will be adopted as will confer upon the commercial interest at Bathurst adequate re presentation in the Legislative Council of the colony, and thereby relieve them of the grievances of which they complain. The Count P. E. De Strzelecki has just been pre sented with the Annual Gold Founders' Medal of the Royal Geo graphical Society, to mark the high sense entertained by that learned body of Count Strzelecki's distinguished services in the department of physical geography and discovery, MURDER IN LIVERPOOL.—On Monday evening, a woman was killed by her husband, Richard Wignall, in Gore-street, Toateth-park. Wignall was at once taken into custody. He is a joiner ; and it is said, that being reproved by his wife for being absent all day, and neglecting to do a job which he promised a neighbour, his anger was roused, and he struck and kicked her, ending by a heavy blow upon her head with a piece of wood, which killed her upon the spot. _ - THE LEAGUE.—We nnderstand that the members of the Anti-Corn-law League will assemble in a day or two after the Corn Bill has received the royal assent, and will declare that the object for which they united has been accomplished. They will than, it is said, announce that no further subscriptions ^ required, and will adjourn the sittings of the League si""i"... rre A committee will be appointed to see that no attempt is e ode to repeal the Bill, or to re-establish protection. If no 5" .. -• .., attempt is made, the League will never assemble again ; 13 • • '.:.. if It is, it will immediately be called to gether to defend w ...at it has already won. Its Ife or death will therefore de: „ond upon the conduct of the protectionists themselves. :Tee League has been dissolved, the friends of free trade will AF .,e ft e er alled together, and steps will be taken to acknowledge the un exampled services of Mr. Cobden to the cause of commercial freedom. Liverpool Times. SWARMS OF BEES.—During the past week many hives of bees in the tom( and vicinity have each sent out a strong independent colony. A swarm was discovered on Friday night in the Kelso Library-room, on the Chalkheugh, which was secured in a hive by the librarian next morning. There is little doubt that this was a swarm cast off from a hive belonging to Mr. Fergusson, in the garden at Abbey Green, on the Friday afternoon, as they were fol lowed a good way in that direction. —Kelso Chronicle. On Thursday morning last, about eight o'clock, a man namedSmlth, from Belfast, was killed on the railway near Harring ton, by a splinter from a stone which he and others were in the act of blasting. The misfortune was purely accidental, and no blame can Dc attached to any one.—Cuutivrion4Pocquee. LORD ROSSE'S TELESCOPE. The Rev. Dr. Scoresby, in a lecture delivered on Fri day, at the Collegiate Institute, Liverpool, gave the following account of the process adopted by Lord Rosse in . casting the speculum of his monster telescope : With thes not. latter.m adopteda materially er i l a bn l y. thes deviated rcAgal rrssemtaaian: egeg greatest ot r , feo triumphs.imhtv the Newton. h n so e .pne k ccHe i eda stated Ts, usedhahnoedwd tet p i hivffirnaeocrtpu, and t o lhh r t ye - e With regard to the metal for the specula, Lord Rosse oht propor tions copper in the proportion of 58.9 of the former, to 126.4 in this case was so great that Dr. Robinson, the cele bratedh.ad9iaadsetroonnoemoefrhoifs construction of a specul um o f n i ne or ten inches was as much as any optician in .London would lik e to un d erta k e. Not more than two sometimes out of thirty or forty would be fit for use. The metal was so b r i tt l e that it flew to 'nixes cooling, or by the mixture of air bubbles it was rendered so porous as to be unserviceable. The getting of a complete one was quite a m a tt er o f c h ance. Lord Ross, had reduced it to as great a certainty as any other species of casting. H e reso l ved to attempt, not a nine or ten inch, but a three feet, speculum. He commenced by casting it in separate pieces, but he found at the joinings, though very beautifully done, that there was a little refraction of light; he therefore gave up that idea, and determined to persevere in getting a complete one. The ordinary process of the foundry had been previously used. He rightly considered the flying to pieces to arise from the cooling of the external surface before the middle, and the consequent too great tension of the former. To get rid of this he assumed that he must make the mass cool at the bottom first, and gradually up to the top. He, therefore, adopted' a mould of cast iron, with a rim of wood round it, to facilitate the cooling below, and check it above. The plan was completely successful in prevent • ing the flying to pieces; but it was found impossible, in I v . e n s t o t m h e e a n d e m w l e s 0 %7 6 o v a f n a c i e r the one his Lord s hip and u r i h f n o e g r e p , i o n r w e s t a h s a e p n i p m e e c a e e r t s e a s d l r a y t s : u s p a u r n a d e thought of was this—he took a large quantity of iron hoops and fixed them in his mould with tie edges down wards, forming a compact solid mass, the upper surface being afterwards beautifully smoothed with a lathe. He considered that the air carried into the mould with the burning metal would be able to force its way between the hoops, while yet the latter presented a sufficiently close groundwork for the casting. His expectation was completely realised, and he obtained a six feet speculum without a single air-bubble. After the casting came the process of annealing as in making glass. And such was the ponderousness of Lord Rosse's speculum, weighing three or four tons, that it was deemed necessary to leave it in the oven for sixteen weeks. It was then capable of being ground and po lished with ordinary care. In these respects Lord Rosse had also made gnat improvements, producing every variety of motion by means of his steam grinders and polishers, so as to avoid the slightest inequality of surface, and even guarding against the consequence of a change of temperature while the process was going on. The size of his specula rendered it neces sary to use machinery ; but, in order to get as near an imitation as possible of the human hand, his Lordship had adopted a coat of soft pitch, covered by a coat of hard, the one giving the yielding quality of the hand, the other taking up the powder. It was not the least of Lord Rosse's merits, Dr. Scoresby observed, that he had perfected his mighty instrument, the most exquisite piece of workmanship of its kind that the world had ever witnessed, without any other aid than that which his own country afforded. He had sought out his own workmen, and he had trained the rude blacksmith to be his assistant in the most refined operations of human ingenuity and skill. It was hard to say whether the genius which suggested and governed his labours, or the patriotism which led him voluntarily to incur such accumulated difficulties in their prosecu tion, was the most to be admired. ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON. On Sunday afternoon last, a most remarkable pneu matic occurrence astonished and alarmed a portion of the inhabitants of Greenheys. About thirteen minutes be fore six o'clock, a whirlwind of a violent character com menced in some open ground opposite an unfinished street, named Brook-street, at the top of Cambridge-street, be tween that and Boundary-lane. The shavings, dust, &c., were hurled into the air, at first forming a column about seventy feet high ; but afterwards, as th.) force seemed more intense, the pillar became at least 200 feet in height. The circle occupied by the whirlwind was not more than 40 yards in diameter, in its greatest ex tent. During its greatest fury, when pieces of wood, &c. were whirled into the air, the leaves of the trees within a distance of 20 yards were undisturbed. For a few minutes, its circle of action was stationary ; the whirl wind then took a stately march due north, the vanes of weather-cocks in the immediate neighbourhood (i. e, within 100 yards by measurement) pointing at the time due west. Passing over the houses, the tiles were torn off some ; window blinds from the windows of others ; all received a storm of dust, shavings, paper, &c. ; and the flowers in the gardens were broken or torn up by the roots. The pillar of dust and violence proceeded slowly on wards over the streets and housei till it came to Newcastle-street, the direction of Ni hich it took. The violence of the wind appeared gradually to abate, but was still of the same circumscribed character. It seemed to be lost at the north end of that street, the wind in the meantime having veered round to the south, in which direction it was blowing at half past-six. At 17 minutes to seven, the direction of the wind was S.W. by W. when there was some thunder ; and at twelve minutes to seven, it was due west. The breeze then appeared to cease altogether, and some large drops of rain fell. At nine minutes past seven, a breeze suddenly sprung up again, and the weather cocks indicated that it was due north ; in which direc tion it continued till after sunset, about which time, again noticing the vane, we were surprised to find another change had taken place, and the current of air was N.E. by E. At half-past ten, the wind was blowing due south again ! This is, perhaps, the most remarkable variation of the winds which has occurred for many years in this country. The whirlwind itself from its commencement in Greenheys to its cessation in New castle-street, endured about 25 minutes, and caused very great alarm in the neighbourhood through which it passed. During the evening the thermometer indi cated some rapid and curious changes in the tem perature. We have heard of one incident connected with this whirlwind, that caused no small consternation to a family in the neighbourhood. After some consulta tion as to the coolest place about the premises in which to take tea, it was decided that a flagged back yard should be the spot, and thither the husband carried a small table, and afterwards the tea-tray, with cups, saucers, &c. Into the yard, suddenly descended the whirlwind, filling the cups and saucers with dust, and then in an instant down went the table, and there was a smash of crockery. Some boys who were playing in the open space of ground, across which the whirl wind took its course, were at first greatly diverted by their caps being suddenly snatched off their heads and carried upwards ; but their diversion was soon trans formed into alarm and consternation, for as the violence of the whirlwind increased, they were themselves thrown down upon the ground by the force of the wind, to their great amazement. No one was seriously hurt.—Man chester Guardian. FICTION AND REALITY. OR THE PEASANT OF THE OPERA-HOUSE, AND THE AGRICULTURAL LABOURER AS HE REALLY IS.--(A CONTRAST.) All the fashionable young ladies and the elegantly dressed young gentlemen who frequent the opera-house, have a sort of vague idea that the spruce young peasants with broad-brimmed straw hats, and shirt-sleeves tied up with blue ribbon, and flesh coloured silk stockings and satin tights, as seen on the stage, are true and exact re presentations of country labourers ; that these same peasants, as they call them, are engaged all day senti mentally leaning against a tree and playing on a pipe to a flock of sheep, and dancing every night under trees illuminated by lamps, with young damsels as elegantly dressed as themselves. And these young fashionables think their papas and their uncles, who make protection speeches in Bond-street or the House of Commons, very patriotic and wise men ; and that that wicked Sir R. Peel, that odious Sir James Graham, and that dreadful revolutionary League, wish to destroy this rural happi ness, and to shut up the dear creatures in union work houses. And they further believe that all these stories, got up by Mr. Sheridan and the Rev. Mr. Osborne and others, about labourers breaking stones, with cold pota toes in their bags, and their wives and children with nothing to eat but cabbage leaves and horse beans boiled togetber, and wages being only seven shillings a week—are inventions of free traders to make " pro tection to native industry" unpopular, and to bring that worthy class, the country gentlemen, into contempt, and that it is all a cunningly devised scheme to inveigle these charming and interesting young men and women, who dance so divinely and sing so charmingly in chorus, into horrid and pestilential factories, which they are never allowed to leave to return to their dear country pastimes. These same fashionable young ladies and gentlemen, living at the west-end of London, where they see no thing but gold lace, equipages, elegant dresses, and tall footmen; or, if in the country, surrounded by all the profusion and tasteful appendages of a gentleman's seat —draw all their ideas of rural life not imbibed at the opera from the pet lady's maid who married the hand some footman, and who lives at the beautiful and tasty lodge at the entrance of the park, and who always curtseys so low when the carriage passes, and is so thankful for religious tracts, securing thereby the broken dainties from th e h a ll, an d enoug h of cast-off clothes for her family — no t t o ment i on blankets and coats at Christmas. These very ignorant and sentimental young gentle folks know nothing of cottages in ruins, the mother in consumption, children in rags, no fire except a few stolen sticks, a dinner of boiled cabbage leaves and horse beans. No I the stern realities of truth would have no char ms . for them, so they give themseves up to the arca_tn, fancies of opera tableaux. And so, buried in awoorlf the deception and delusion, like the French noblessefor the day last generation, they are totally onp par 4of retributi6D, h of redeemng It is to be ho' which may come like arethief in to avert this ned that there is virtue in free tr k act: enourgop, . now within_ our g awful catastrophe .—:, Sir .....„.._,...._,...____.-w eggle. t extraordinary feat in EXPRESS RIDING.—The mos. was accomplished by a the way of express riding, in modern times. -'ught the news of the boy aged fifteen years, Fred. Tyler, who bt, -v to Mobile. The us battles of the Bth and 9 th inst. from Montgomiu. -,, and during distance, 190 miles, was accomplished in thirteen hi, vie of which the entire night he caught and saddled his horses, no, sing the were in readiness, as he was not looked for by those hit. , 1 70 horses in charge. lie was rewarded by a contribution purse y. clonal - B.—Nes Orleans PaPw. TUESDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE. DIVIDENDS DECLARED. Harrington and Pattinson, calico printer, Woodbank, near Carlisle—third and final div. of ld. and 1 3d of a penny (in addition to 3s. sid. and 4-sths of a farthing previously de clared) in the pound, any Saturday, at the office of Mr. Baker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. W. B. Brittick, iron merchant, Durham—first div. of 4s. (and second div. of 33.) in the pound, any Saturday, at the office of Mr. Wakley, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. A. and F. Atkinson colour manufacturers, Newcastle upon-Tyne—first div. of is 9d. (and second div. of ;id.) in the pound, any Saturday, at the office of Mr. Wakley, New castle-upon-Tyne. G. Perry, coach-builder, Stroud—a div. of 2s. 3d. in the pound, any Wednesday, at the office of Mr. Miller, Bristol. T. and M. T. Knight, upholsterers, Bath—first div. of 3s. 6d. in the pound, any Wednesday, at the office of Mr. Miller, Bristol. T. Knight, upholsterer, Bath—first div. of 18s. Bd. in the pound, any Wednesday, at the office of Mr. Miller, Bristol. M. T. Knight, upholsterer, Bath—a div. of 20s. in the pound, any Wednesday, at the office of Mr. Miller, Bristol. S. Littler, draper, Liverpool—•first div. of Bs. in the pound, any Thursday, at the office of Mr. Cazenove, Liverpool. DIVIDENDS. At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street. W. B. Sterry, sail-maker, Jamaica row, Bermondsey, July 7, at half-past twelve—J. Hook, contractor, Nine-elms, Wandsworth -road, July 7, at one—J. Harvard, lamp-maker , Brook-street, Bond-street, July 7, at half-past one—M. Griffiths and P. Pearson, tailors, New Bond-street, July 10, at eleven—E. S. Dykes, basket-maker Romford, July 4, at one—S. Pritchett and J. P. Orridge. glove manufacturers, Charlbury, Oxfordshire, July 4, at one—J. Challen, brewer, Odiani, Southamptonshire, July 8, at one—T. Cooper, um brella manufacturer, New Bond-street, July 7, at one—D. Clark, merchant, New Broad-street, City, July 8, at one— A. Martin, linendraper, Sturminster gewton, Dorsetshire, July 7, at twelve—M. and 11. Emmanual, goldsmiths, Ha nover-square, July 7, at twelve. In the Country. W. S. Harley, hatter, Penzance, July 15, at eleven, at the Exeter District Court— G. Osborne, whip-maker, Exeter, July 15, at eleven, at the Exeter District Court—G. Robert son, J. Garrow, and J. Alexander, ship-chandlers, Liver pool, July 8, at twelve, at the Liverpool District Court—J. Kewley, tailor, Liverpool, July 7, at twelve, at the Liver pool District Court—T. Pitcairn, merchant, Liverpool, July 10, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court—.T. Birkett, tanner, Cockermouth, July 9, at one, at the Newcastle-upon- Tyne District Court—P. Hansen, merchant, Newcastle-upon- Tyne, July 9, at twelve s at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dis trict Court—T. Wenman, merchant, Birmingham, July 10, at twelve, at the Birmingham District Court—W. Lawrence, stove manufacturer, July 10, at twelve, at Cutlers' - hall, Sheffield—J. Brooke, cupper, Liverpool, July 8, at twelve, at the Liverpool District Court. CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless cause be shown to the contrary, on the day herein mentioned. C. J. Bond, tailor, Blackheath, July 10—W. Collins, tailor, Rugby, Warwickshire, July B—J. Harrison, ship chandler, Hull, July B—S. M. Wade, cotton dealer, Liverpool, July 9 S. Boord, woollendraper, Liverpool, July 7—J. Wilmot, coach proprietor, Lenton, Nottinghamshire, July 10—S. Ogden, cotton factor ,Manchester, ester, July B—H. Fowkes, share broker, Manchester, July B—S. Pursell, ironmonger, Strand, July 7—E. Williams, linendraper, Bishopsgate-street With out, July 7—R. Ensoll, draper, Broad-street, Bloomsbury, July 7—W. B. Lupton, flax spinner, Leeds, July 7—W. R. Lejeune, corn merchant, Southampton, July 7—J. Wright, banker, Yamworth, Staffordshire, July 7—J. N. Dumbrill, jun., baker, Eastbourne, Sussex, July 7—S. Cullea, chemist, Nottingham, July 7—P. Crispin, builder, Bristol, July 7. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. W L. and E. Sargant, sword manufacturers, Birmingham •—E. G. E. Brown and G. Bleaden, sack manufacturers, Mark-lane, City—J. Harris, G. H. Whyting, and J. Whyting, discount agents, Lombard-street—M. Davies and S. Cosway, ironmongers, Cardiff, Glamorganshire—R. Postlethwaite and E. Hayton, wine merchants, Kendal--W. Goddard and C. Buttivant, coal merchants, Milbank-street, Westminster— W. Banks and J. Russell, Knighton, Radnorshire--W. P. Saile, R. Pickles, and W. Pickles, Barnsley, tar distillers, Yorkshire—T. Hands and G. B. Dalby, stockbrokers, York— W. 0. Cawkwell and J. Dalby, coal merchauts,Tooley• street, Southwark—S. Robinson and W. Jennings, carriers by water, Owston, Lincolnshire—R. Power and G. Mousley, surgeons, Atherstone, Warwickshire--G. and W. Maddock, lace manufacturers, Nottingham—B. Nias and H. Saunders, upholsterers, Brighton—D. Saunders and B. Bromley, joiners, Birkenhead, Cheshire—W. G. Pearce and I. S. Conran, pro prietors of the safety letter-box, London. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. James Dick, builder, Glasgow, June 20 and July 10, at twelve, at the Commercial Hotel, Glasgow. Robert M'lndoe, merchant, Glasgow, June 24 and July 15, at two, at the chambers of Messrs. Drew and M'Clure, Glasgow. James Carmichael, builder, Glasgow, June 23 and July 14, at one, at the chambers of Messrs. Allan and Reid, Glasgow. David Armstrong, banker, Dumfries, June 22 and July 13, at one, at the chambers of Mr. Thorburn, Dumfries. A MOTHER DROWNED WHILST BATHING HER CHIL DREN IN TILE WILAEFE.—A distressing event happened on. Thursday week, and one which excited more painful in terest in the town and neighbourhood where it occurred, than any . that has taken place there for some years. On the evening Just named, between six and seven o'clock, Mrs. Eliza Ackroyd, wife of Mr. William Ackroyd, painter, went with some others down to the river Wharfe, Otley, at the bottom of Mr. William Dawson's garden, for the purpose of bathing her own and some of her neighbours' children. She and a young woman pulled off their shoes and stock ings, and went a short distance into the water, and having bathed two of Mrs. Parkinson's children, she was attempt ing to dip an orphan girl, nine years old, of the name of Wilson, who was too strong for her, and they both fell head foremost into the river, which in that part is very deep. The shrieks of the women and children who were near arrested the attention of John Wilson, whitesmith, who had been bathing near there, and he rushed into the water up to the chin, eagerly attempting to lay hold of Mrs .Ackroyd ; but, being no swimmer, he wasobliged to give up the attempt of saving her. However, he fortunately caught the girl by the hair of her head, by which means she was rescued from a watery grave. Mrs. Ackroyd appeared to struggle very much, and after floating several yards she sunk to the bot tom. Mr. William Dawson, hearing of the accident, ran immediately to the place, and rushed into the river, but find ing that his clothes bore him down so as to prevent his swimming properly, he came out and undressed himself, and then went in again, and swam in various direc tions, but could not discover her. At last he was directed to a place, where he saw her, and diving down, be attempted to raise ber up, but was unable. Two other men then went ' in to his assistance, and they all took hold of hands. He then made another effort, and caught hold of her dress, and the three men pulled her out of the water on to the bank. Mr. Spence and Mr. Shaw, surgeons, were in attendance, and bled her, and used other means to restore animation, but without effect, for the spark of life was quite extinct. This distressing event took place in the presence of her own three little children.— Leeds lateiligencer. COLLISION ON THE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.—On Sunday morning last, a collision took place on the Grand Junction Railway, about four miles beyond Crewe, which caused great consternation to a very long train of passengers, and resulted in a great many severe contusions and bruises; bat no life was lost, and we bavo not heard of any fractures. It seems that the cheap excursion train, which left Man chester for London on Saturday the 30th Mal, was returning to Manchester on Sunday morning last, consisting of 39 first, second, and third-class carriages, drawn by one engine. It was about six o'clock in the morning, the atmosphere very thick and misty, when the train came suddenly upon four or five stationary goods-tracks, some empty and some loaded, and by the collision with these trucks, the passengers were thrown violently against each other, or against the inside of the carriages; many receiving severe bruises on the head, face, shoulders, &c., and a number suffered from black eyes. One lady received a severe cut across the forehead, and was in a state of insensibility for some time. This accident caused a detention of about au hour and a quarter, and then the train brought all the passengers forward to Manchester, the carriages not being much injured. As to the cause of the collision, it seems a goods' train from Birmingham, which had preceded the excursion train some time, had, by some accident, lost or left a part of its trucks on the line. The stoker of that train states that the waggons must have become accidentally detached from the train when in motion. He did not discover the loss till he had proceeded some dis tance on his journey, and he then ran back in order to make signals to any coming train. He had got between the sta tionary trucks and the passenger train, but the latter was too near to stop in time. Fortunately, owing to the misty atmosphere, the train was going slowly at the time, or the consequences of the collision would have been much more serious. It is urged that if the stoker's statement be cor rect, it does not exculpate the parties having charge of the goods' train, as it proves that it was running without the necessary side chains being used to connect the trucks that were found detached with each other and with other trucks in the train. ROBBERY AT CHATHAM BARRACKS.—At the county magistrate's office, Rochester, on Monday, Ellen Sears and Ann Pettis, two respectably-dressed young women, were charged with stealing some articles of plate belonging to Captain John Burns, of the 78th Highlanders. From the statement of Captain Burns, it appeared that as he was re turningirom mess, accompanied by another officer, about 10 o'clock on Tuesday evening, on their way to his quarters they saw the two prisoners sitting on one of the benches on the terrace. They asked him for some wine, and the other officer having left him, he told them to come up to his room and he would give them some. Whilst they were there he told them there was some ale in the cupboard, which he in vited them to partake of, telling them they would find the corkscrew in the sideboard, where the plate was kept. After they had partaken of strawberries, ale, and wine, they left his quarters; be had never spoken to them before. The next morning his servant, Alexander himLairmnisgios,nsitenoralsdhfraor been. that a tablespoon and a desert fork t were e t) drawer in the sideboard towhich the Laing identified the prisoners as the parties who were in his master's quarters on the night in question, and for whom he provided wine-glasses. On Wednesday morning the prisoners went to the shop of Mr. Stigant, a pawnbroker, in Chatham, to whom Sears presented a table-spoon, and asked him if he would lend her ss. on it, saying it was her OW% and that she wa s a housekeeper, living on the Brook. Having given her a duplicate, they left the shop. She pawned it in her own name. The next morning the prisoner Sears offered the fork to Mr. Weekes, pawnbroker, for 4s. In this instance, h owever , s b e was not quite so foutunoatneea for he, having been apprised of the robbery,re q ie d, it was her as to whom it belonged ' of no consequence to him ; s . he ehe pl then said it was at Bromptou. Howes, given to her by a young was from t a h n en offi ta c k er e , n s the constable, was sent ro d wr ir , was an d taken she into custody, when she said quarters in a " spree," and that the officer knew of it. Sears tody, and said that her cousin had m in cus was first taken takers the property , and that Howes would most likely find Passredker's quarters in Chatham Barracks. She her at Captain a wish to be taken to Captain Bums 's afterwards expre y g it would be all right. The prisoners q uarters, throug h o ut the-in inves tigation evinced a feeling of g r eat in difference, but on being told by the Chairman that they • I were committed to take their trial at the next Quarter Ses sions a t Maidstone, they burst i nt o tears, and Partis fell back in a chair in a fainting fit, in which state she was removed from the dock. A WELL-STOCKED LARDER.—Mr. Thomas Pt arson, of Pool Bank, Crosthwalte, shot in Low Park, the other day, near Witeerslack, a bustard hawk, or, as it is locally termed, a buzzard. In the nest of the voracious bird were found three rabbits, one hare, one pheasant, three mice, one rat, two hag worms, and a blackbird. Both worms had their heads off.—Kendal Mercury. REBECCA WANTED IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE..— Since June 1 the trustees of the trusts between Dursley and Tetbury, and Woottoa and Tetbury, have increased the tolls one-third; the tolls used to be is. for ten miles, and quite enough ; they are now Is. 6d. for ten miles, actually more than in many instances second-class fares are on railroads—decidedly "too bad." From Tetbury to Malmesbury, five miles, the toll is le.—Conintercial Traveller . ANOTHER WHITE WHALE CAPTURED IN THE MED WAY.-00 Saturday morning another beluga was caught by some Strood fishermen, off the Garrison Point at Sheerness, and brought to Rochester. It was about half-grown, and, as described by natu ralists, had not yet attained the generally pure whiteness of a full grown fish. THE ATTEMPT TO MURDER. TUN BRIDGE - WELlS.—Thomas Cheesman, who was last week remanded on the charge of cutting the throat of Frances Sanders, with intent to murder her, was on Saturday last again brought up for further examination, the young woman whose life he had attempted, although in a very weak state, being sufficiently recovered to give evidence. The evidence taken at the previous examination having been read, ' Frances Sanders deposed, that she lived fellow-servant with the prisoner at the Camden Hotel, Tunbridge. wells. They had lived on good terms with each other till the afternoon of Sunday, the 7th inst , when she left the.hotel alone, and met Obed Everest, W. Bull, and Fanny Underdown, opposite the Beehive beer-shop. They all proceeded along Mount-Ephraim, in the direction of Rusthall, when the prisoner overtoa them. He seemed in very good humour, and they all went to Twort's tan yard, about two miles from Tunbridge-wells, where the prisoner went in and brought out a quart of cider, which they drank between them. He then fetched out two quarts of cider more, one of which he drank himself. They then returned in the same way they went, through Hurst wood, till they came to a stile near Dunnv-bottoni, where her mother lived. She left them at the stile to go to her mother's, promising to meet them at the stile again in half au-hour. On her return the prisoner sat on the stile asleep : the others were standing a short distance off. Bull then went and awoke the prisoner, and they proceeded through the fields towards the Velle, leaving the pri soner at the stile ; but when they had got through two fields they heard the prisoner calling out to them, and they stopped for him. When he came up he began to, cry and to swear, and as he walked along with them, he said there was one in the company be would " do for" before that week was out. Witness asked Fanny Un derdown if it was she the prisoner meant., when the prisoner b-, it is you I mean to do for." Th said, "No, you ia d l e k r a bl with d s h t e a m n e , e a f n r d o m w h thee n L e y p i r ta i s d o n proceeded ue a d to co n w s t h he im pr h is a o c zr an tr d ied to t ld o place Is h • o h l e d re of h k e er c , am hu e t Bull catch u p to p t u h s e h m e d and hiin she to w k a e e lk p ed h i i s n h t a h n e d s m o id ff d . le ; There e u r l e l w w as e r e on fi h v e e r ri o g f ht th s e id m e: and the prisoner on the right side of swearing, and after proceeding a little furtherßull. h P e ri a s g on ai e n r kept said to her, " I will do for you before the week is out; and shortly afterwards he said to Bull, " It is of no use your thinking about her, for I will do for her before I sleep to night." Bull paid his addresses to her. In about a minute or two after this the prisoner sprang suddenly forward and cut her throat on the left side. She knew no more, for she became insensible. Frances Underdown, William Ball, and Obed Everest, corroborated the statement of this witness? and added that when at the stile before alluded to they saw the prisoner sharpen a knife on a stone which served as one of the steps to the stile. The knife was similar to the one with which the deed was committed, but they could not say it was the same. The prisoner was then fully committed to take his trial at the next Maidstone assizes on the charge of cutting the threat of Frances Sanders, with full intent to take away her life. MELANCHOLY SUICIDE ill LIVER- POOL. (From the Liverpool Courier.) On Monday, an inquest was held before Ole borough coroner, on view of the body of George Reed, tt tinplate worker, residing at No. 3, Dinorben-street, Windsor street, who committed suicide under the following ,dis tressing circumstances : It appeared that the deceased, who was in the 21st year of his age, was only married about five weeks, to a female about 18. At nine o'clock on the morning of Monday week, the Bth instant, he complained of his head being very bad. His sister-in-law, Esther Stephens, who lodged in the same house, advised him to bathe it in cold water, which he did, and while doing so he ground his teeth a good deal. After the bathing he said he felt a little refreshed ; he ate his breakfast, and, after having sent out for a sheet of paper, he wrote the following note to a publican in Mersey-street : " Sir,—Please to forward by my wife the sovereign I left with you on Saturday evening. —Yours, &c. " CALAIS'S TINMAN." Mr. Calais, it seems, was his employer, and hence the signature—" Calais's tin-man." He had not left any sovereign with a publican in Mersey-street, but having several times ineffectually attempted to send his wife out of the house the same morning, he adopted this ruse to accomplish his purpose. Mrs. Reed having taken the note, he sat down and wrote, and addressed the following letter to her during her absence:— " Dearest Wife,—Ere you arrive, my journey to an. other world will be begun. Sorry am Ito leave you cn a wide world. Your brother will protect you. More he cannot do. Tell him to write to my friends on your behalf. They will do something now I am no more. Forget me, my dear Mary, and forgive, though I have acted as I have. A heart could never beat more true towards ,you. Farewell ! Prepare to meet your God, that you may not follow me to that d—d region where there is weeping, wailing, and gnashing of teeth. Tell I had a spark of gratitude left amidst all my vices, and I felt grateful for your kindness; but let it not be said of me I cowed in a dismal hour;—on the contrary, I die as I have lived these last few years. My last thought is on you, my dear Patty. Farewell, farewell, to all eternity. " Your husband, " G. REED." lie also wrote the following letter to his wife's bro- 11 VT :- " Dear William,—Take care of my wife. God will re ward you if no other person does—l mean to protect her from insult. It may be a torment to me, one day, to see you all happy in heaven, while I am in hell, with d--d spirits, shut up in endless torment.—Your un happy brother, G. EEED." having written the letters, he placed them .in his pocket, and, without speaking a word to any of the in mates, deliberately walked up stairs to his beikroom. In the course of two minutes after, a report of fire-arms was heard, and, on entering his room, he was found in a sitting posture OR the floor, with his back against the wall. Blood was flowing profusely from his right temple, and there was a pistol in his right hand. The same night he was removed to the Infirmary, where he died on Sunday last. He was somewhat reduced in circumstances since his marriage ; and the day before his death he appeared very wild, he complained con tantlyof his head, and he beat himself with his hands. The 'night before (Saturday), on returning home from work, he was very much depressed ill, spirits, and said several times "he would do it," but did not add what he meant to do. His wife had seen the pistol in his hand on the Thursday prior to his committing the rash act, and, in reply to her questions, he said he bad been using it —shooting at a cock through the window of his shop room. Mr. Wm. M'Cheane, the house surgeon at the In firmary, stated that the deceased had been brought there on Monday night week, with a lacerated wound of the right ear, and a fracture of the right temporal bone. The ear had been nearly blown off. On examining the wound, a small pebble stone was found in it, which left no doubt that he bad loaded the pistol with the pebble, and fired it through his head. A number of other small pebbles, together with the letters to his wife and brother-in-law, were found in his pocket after the act. Upon a post mortem examination, the brain was very much lacerated; and that laceration, along with the other injuries, were the immediate cause of death. The jury returned a verdict to the effect that he com mitted the act while labouring under temporary in sanity. _ _ The widow of the deceased, a fine young woman, ap peared in court, and sobbed very bitterly. She applied to the court for the letter addressed to her by her husband, but was informed that it must accompany the depositions. It was read carefully over to her again, and at its concluding words she seemed utterly incon solable. The coroner kindly promised that he should have a copy of it written out for her. Her forlorn con dition excited the deepest sympathy upon the part o f every gentleman present. TRISTAN D'ACUNHA. We find in a Port Philip paper a very interesting account of a late visit to this solitary spot, The following par ticulars were furnished by Captain Salmon, of the brig Reward, of London. He sighted the island on the 18th of September, 1845, in latitude 37 deg. 5 min. South, an d longitude 12 deg. 3 min. West. Its snow-capped top was visible above the clouds, being 8,326 feet above the level of y th e e er. sea, T a h n e d w th in e d su b m ei rri ng itfacezuerreadblewiatmhd thesno wwtehazug fine,hout andthe knowing i t ls h ae id t e d re oo ugwteeti in v iew a rne n e at inhabitants b ol i r t dr a eg n re t s a nwd o h n i itnetchloes buildingse_ island, ; nexta and Captain Salmon steered directly for it. O n hi s nearer approach he fiw la eas r l g d e s7 green arplrl plain with cattl e graz i ng, and flocks of s dt h o e co e s p eren in ; different hill , i w n c h l i o e s i u t r h e s e , was with afterwards patches with Wheat pub v l i ti c r attentioniou various answers sorts tlieon the aides of w in o e f l E l o t f ol g d re w en ere gardens filled vegetables, that grow in abundance. state of cultivation, and if they had ships calling England g a la b n o d ut m s a i 3 x . be ty a a r c o r u e s s e sup plies they could grow more. On getting for close in with the island, with the English ensign at the main royal mast head, the inhabitants were seen moving in all directions towards the shore ; a whale-boat was draggedte t rt v e " the her surf ; a person in a dark dress was h p u t dth h th rn if she was launc e through e s urf b y crew stood ready, an d and Captain Salmonasking a iu the stern came on deck ' _ _ _ replied that Glass was living 7 he the parties on shore. On reaching the ship, the penton sitting Governor Glass is now in his seventy-second year, and was person. t hi r ty years on the island. He stated the population one of those sent to the island by the British Government at the time of Napoleons imprisonment at St. Helena. He had himself had fifteen children iT l tb n i e v e hl epieeennlnegele amount implements ur o n ee f i b n i t n e h i t e n : sw w h a s ouls;ndo state. t e aotf e h . e population, clothing, ih e They dependa ndth e f ir o r.heitheir agricultural sup plies principally on the American whalers, with whom they barter their produce for such necessaries as the ships can spare. The females are the worst off; as they have, to make their dresses from slop cotton shirts, few vessels having any coffee, cotton or sheeting not made up. The boys wear sheepskins and the men coarse canvas. Captain Salmon, being in want of potatoes, Glass was ready to supply him with any quan arouertecL2,oooters.gof wool tity. lie returned to the shore and came off again in an t h e o a ur an a d nd rie a e h in al e f x w eh it e h ng t e h . e q i u le an h ti e t d y for 'disposal, being two years' clip of his flock of sheep, num beringHe complained that he was entirely neglected bythe 44 1;riiish Government ; only two of her Majesty's ships had called there for the last twenty years. Sir Gearge Gipps landed on the island on his passage out to New South Wales, in 1838, and had promised to lay his case before the home authorities. Mr. Boyd also touched at it in the Wanderer; but being a little out of the usual track to the east, but few British ships have ever visited Tristan d'Acunha ; and as seals and whales are now disappearing from the locality, the calls of the American whalers are getting less frequent, so that Governor Glass is somewhat anxious about his supplies of clothing and other exotic, necessa ries. The children are all taught to read, and they attend religious worship. Glass is their instructor, and he told Mr. Salmon that a blessing was offered at every m ea l , and prayers at night in every family. On the Sabbath-day d are to tiie spiritual and he acted as minister, but lie complained that he was getting too old and feeble. The present adults are comparati ve l y ignorant, and on his death there would be no body to instruct Salmon concludes his narrative with a hope th at and govern.them. .A missionary would be glad ly received. Captain and bodilr neces sities of our fellow-subjects in the solitary 01 T island Tristan d ' Acun h a.