The Sun. — London, England, 1812-12-01 00:00:00

or cil orations would have been, to have pursued : , rispaign in the. South, and to have cleared the provinces of, Andalusia and Catalonia; but id,ztuad cif being 'able to do this, the Commander was again obliged to turn northward in order to revel an incursion • of Marmont's 'army, which was then but insignificant in nnmbers ; but Lord Wellington‘had Such inferior forces that be could . not leave any to prot ec t the'no r the rn provinces while :he pursued his victory in the - south, but was "obliged to abando n the so u thern cou nt r y a nd „ bend his force to the northward. In his advance he felt equal difficulty from the great inferiority .of his cavalry, inferior in numbers, not in . other . xespects ; and glorious as the battle of Salamanca. was, yet it was the result of chance,bY the pronipt mind of that able Commander taking advantage of .an error of the French General. His retreat, svhich succeeded the battle of Salamanca, was no feigned retreat, - but one resulting:from necessity by being opposed to superior physical-strength; he isegan to retreat 'on the lith, and ;continued to do • so until the middle of 'the :?2d—when perceiVing an opening, lie instantly . , With the promptitude of lightning, availed himself of . an error of :the French Commander, 'and snatched what was most certainly a glorious victory. But. such a recur .renee Must not again be looked for : It was. not in the errors of the French Generals We'hadmuch chance of succeNs, and if we relied upon that, we Should relay upoN a very sandy foundation. The result, of tliis .victory had in nially respects been • io:portant. gave us 'for .a time possession of Madrid, and the depots of the•Anemy; bat again; , for the want . Of sufficient force,, it was 'in the .end 'likely to. prove :of no, valne, as connected With the ' ,ultimate success of the cause. .I.mmtdiately after . ,the battle of Salamanca, the General - pursued his - way to Burgos, and then, such was his'-limited means- of transit,lie had only' three, 18-p9unders, .to carry on the siege of that fortress. It Was al guost impossible that the place : could - be carried, .except by a coup -denzdin i which unfortunately did -not Isuceeed ; and again from his limited means,. -he was obliged to retreat. .1f the victory and pus-_ session of Madrid had, caused snehsenSations of -satisfaction, what would not be felt at reverse? If the war in the Peninsula .to be Considered in the light of a diversion in favour of Itussia,aught •not -every nerve to ,have been strained to ,in4e it - aseffectual as possible ? Marment was, soon rein forced, and the beaten soon : again aPnearedin the melt} - with fxesh reinforcements. Dut I e'vber were Lord Wellington's reinforcements. On the_24th . , after he had abandoned:l3,urgoS,.he....was,jOined by a battalion 91-theCinazds, , The. 9lst liegiment -had .advanced „as -far .- as .B . enevente, - but were obliged to turn : back, and he hoped - and trusted •they had secured -a .safe retreat. Two regiineuts - more were disembarked -at Corunna, and, were :again .embarked for lishon„ f'rOm ,whiCh .place . 'they wouldprobably,join,at the beginning of the -next campaign. , ....11isl,ordship havingadverted la . thecattipaign, contended we ought to have sent greater reinforcements, both of. men . and Money, .and stated as .an instance of neglect in the latter case, that the military.chest at one time contained • -but 20,000 dollars, and that Lord Wellington was • obliged to use a sun of 37,000 doll.trs, ,whiCh had been sent . for : the use of a Spaiiish army. lie -complained likewi e, that the British Commander . - -had been deceived by the expectationsof _ co-ope • rasion an t i from thu Sieilian expedition, which had been sent sotardily and injudiciously, -that it was of no use, and had served Only to ex pose the Catalonians, without affording them pro- - tection. His Lordship next adverted.to the trans- actions .between this country and Sweden, and.' Said it required explanation why the ex,pedith;ii - which was arranged to :sail from Sweden was. so Suddenly ablisidoned 'after the liegoeiation : with 'this country. He also- thought ,it singtilar, that -with respect to,trelatid, the Catholic Chiiins were 'not at noticed in . the R.egent's speech. It looked very much like what had been whispered, namely, that Parliament had been digs,olVed . to get' rid of the pledge of the last ,Sessions to take their" chiiins into consideration. With : respect to rica, he • was surprised. to .hear it said that the Orders in Council were ,the : ground of quakrel ; be' - • -understood. there were other high,and important questions affecting our . maritime rights, and lie ''vFas ready to say that.neverw4s, ,ciaarrel More just_ than ours with America. • . • • The Eam, of LIVERPOOL rose to. reply' - ;-,Tie served the Noble Marquis:bad contented himself by observing upon the Address, withouf: moving any:amendment.. Ile had dwelt much - on the late' reverses after our glorious successes,, but the, man • who should look for a continued career - of victory in war without any reverses, looked_ fo.r.that whiCh scarce by any possibility could happen,. tie could • agree with the Noble Lord only in a few topics ; and with respect to the: camp . aign, - he Would ask any man if the result as.it now. stood, bad - been stated as an expectation ,at the beginning of it,' • would not the hope have been treated as' chimeri • cal The Nobl e Lord, had complained of the Mired scale-on which the war on the - Peninsula had been supplied. But sutely, in speaking of • that supply, he ought to have taken into his con ' lideration the ;mans of the country, and if he had Aerie so, he would have: found that theY,had ex-; ceeded not only what had been done in any for ' mer war,hut beyond what a few yea'rShack would have been thought impossible, for . , the country to • accomplish. He could tell the LlOnse,,that, 'on the 25thJuue last, the number oftroops in British pay 'in the Peninsula .amounted-to no l ess thanl27;ooo • men; .of this t16,(10) Nycre r - ;: anal, in the Coarse of last year 20,000 tuen,,and..-7,Q0 tmr:4•es -had been:sent out, to. Spain. The Noble Lord. had also made it matter.of,complaint that,there was,no • battering traitvntdjurgos„, The faci the 'rapid advance of the army-preveritesl4,eir, being ae - companie - sthya heavy train, .and ik did not arise from the .want of them, for there were, two batter ' ing trains stationed on the frontiers of Spain, and ' there - orris a third afloat at Lisbon, ready to be car- Tied to any part to which the COmmander should di, rect•thenc. In short, he conhistssure the House that there was no requisition made,hy,the'illustrious Commander which had not been complied with and, in justice to that 'Commander, he• must say, •that he was not in the habit of requesting :irorn - lids Government •any thing but what they could -afford him.. The. same. obkeryation,applied lie want of specie : the quantity given insist . be suited by the means of procuring it, and if it could not be procured, for the discount of bills, it followed that the military chest must be scantily supplied.. The Noble Lord had also shOrtly al luded *to other topies ; with. respect to the (n, the• Noble Lord had said, for his part' he should ace - in a Manly a 7:! decided!nail ner, and_ give thein"his distinct he thought svould he far honourable than eluding -them by a side and• evading instead -Of boldly meeting the :With respect to the.question of 'Americ a, he admitted that it in voked other Matt&s besides the Orders in Conn eil, and justified this country in the' course she had pursued, gqing it was clear that there was a War faction , in America devoted to. the French; and who were determined at all hazards to preci pitate AMerica into a war withthis country. LordGsiiiivt - LLE entered into the question of the-Spanish war... Me said the Noble Marquis had reasoned:correctly in his view of 'the subject. But the difficulties 'which had arisen in his mind clearly sbewed the impOlicv of piirsuing the' War in that couutty. 'lie Spoke with doubt of the of-' forts of the' Spanish Government, but admitted that the peasantry possessed a better feeling, ,but that the armies - as - now, constituted, were ná avail as allies, and instanced the conduct of Bal lasteros, who had neglected hiS duty in the South, of preYenting the' junction of Suchet and Soult.— His Lordship also adverted to the queition.OP the American War, 'and insisted that:our concession in repealing the - Orders in Council:came- !too:late, and that it such concession had been earlier-made, it would have been' Incite effectual. Such was the case of the • American war-;. which ended in the loss of our Colonies; concession was made after concession, but every - thing was made too late, and that which would originally have been teeth ed with gratitude, was,,when ofiered,.rejectedt With r contempt:. His Lord Ship Went over the same grounds as' the - Noble ,I`,l4rqUis, and condemned the inOtle which tsiThiSters had• adopted, bath:in the Peninsula and With our Northern Allies.: Earl BATi',URSt' successfully vindicated the' con duct of - Ministers:with :!respect to the. Peninsula ivar, more especially !in- regard the degree and . , nature of - the rcinfOrcements to be forwarded to. the . MarqUiS of Wellington. fie observed; ; that his NOble•Relative opposite - well knew the entire . cOnfidence: Ministers -plaCed in that illustrious per , ion; and 'adverted particularly to the point—Lord Wellington's not deeming it advisable to send new regiments' to Spain ;- so particularly careful was that excellent-Officer of the health of his , troops. Aavertiit• to 'What was said of the documents re specting'. the American affair not being on the table, be Obs''erved, that Government had not yet TeceiVedthefinal answer Of the States to the pro trarisnlitted- through Sir John Warren ; and took occasion to retnark that the Orders in 'Council were not the only ground of deMurrer on the part of America. The Marquis WELLEstey, conceiving that some points urged by Noble Lords opposite were per .sonally applied to him, shortly, explained, that he taro-Ught the system Of-the war in the,Peninsula in -adequaretd its object.; an opinion which he had uniforniirdeclared—but he could not . particular ise the permission ofhis reign or his'Representative. Isord ViSCOUIIi'MELVILLS defended the conduct_ of the - British Admiralty with: respect to the Ame rican and West lndia-stations, observing ) , that on the'thilifax station long before the com menceMent of hostilities, the squadron was double the strength of the whole American navy. This he enumerated, as welt as, the force in the West -seas;lndian and stated the, American navy .to consist of five frigates and a few sloops .of was impossible to guard against such casualtieS as - were alluded- to by Noble LordS opposite, but care was taken to render such attempts an ex treme risk on the part of the enemy. :-Lord CfnEf4vltLE spoke shortly in explanation. The Question was then put, and the Address agreed to with Out a division—and the Lords with staves.:were ordered .to inquire when his RoYal Highness would'he pleased to receive the • The Earl of LIVERPOOL moved, that the Lord WalSitigWtm! 'be constituted' Chairman of all the Committees 'of that House during the present Ses-' siorr of Parliament-=a motion, the propriety of! which; he -was confident, every Noble Member' of !". that liduse would aequiesee.in: The''Los.n CHANCELLOR observed, that if' the House could' secure' those services -of - the Noble LOrti for ever, 'it would be a blessing. Lord - WALsiNGHAM.Shortiy expressed his grate ful-sense of what had fallen front the .Noble Loyds: 'The question was put, and' it- was ordered ac cordingly, 'Nem. Kiss. MARQUIS OF WELL7GTOR: • ' • • . • • • The Earl of ,LIVERidOL gave notice, that he should on Thursday 'next move for - the - Thanks . of that Hbuse to the Marquis of 'Wellington, Ora that the Lords be - summoned - accordingly. tiered. • . • • At Twelve o'Clock the House adjourned till t 0... morrow. HOUSE CalpftieNS, MONDAY, NOV. 30.: • At one o'clock the Speaker took the fair, and .ser ci,lMembers were.sworn.. -At' two O'clock the Usher of the Black Rod summoned the House to the Hou4 of Peers. " • The SPE/OCER, accompanied by a great number of Members," immediately proeeeded thither ; and on their retuyia the Usual buSiness of form was prOCeeded. in. The Clandestine - Outlalv r y Bill vas read a first and second tilae ; the usual Com- Mitte.es were appointed, and the Standing Orders read from the Chair. • • • The Sl'A.K.Elt then informed the House; that they had been summoned to the House': 'of Peers,.. for the purpose of 'h ea ri ng „th e Speech 'of the Prince the, from th e Th r on e ; o f: 'whichhe held a copy in his hand . .-- 2 (1 - ide Lbrds' Re . port) The Speech having been read froui the chair,' Lord CI:IVE rose to move the Address. lathe liberty he then took of offering. himself to .the no tice of the. House, it - was not, .he said, his iriten tioi, nor would it be necessary, to trespass at ~.4ny great length upon their indulgence. With respect to the first part of the Speech; he felt con fideut that every perbo4 House, stud ig tb. country, lamented not less 'than himself the sitta liOn.of the Illustrious Personage to whom it al :bided. There was no one who could avoid the feelings of sorrow ..when he •reficed„that:. a life F pent . , as that''- : of, his l'ALje'.3ty had been, In the practice of .eyery virtue that was ho nourable to our -...nature,., should,' towards the - close, be deprived of that rest, and of that repose, which -•were due to, his- -merits anti-to his. virtues. :f ht next poiritin the - Speech to which he would allude was the sueces‘ , i'al resistance that had been made in the Peninsula to the — encroach , - mews' of France. Often. as they had occasion,, within the last four years, to commemorate, the achieveinents, and to applaud the gallant conffact of thearmy emplved 'ln 'the protection of Spain, yet in no instance since the' conlmeneerneht that struggle,was skill or valotir so greatly dis played as in the decisive and glorious - fititle of Sa- . lamanca.. The consequences'ofthat victory were as sodden as ilii ortautas.everfollowved froin 'con quest. The siege Of Cadiz was raised.; Madrfil waS evacuated by the enemy;' .the south of Spain was relieved from their 'oppressions ; and what was -a‘ still 'more important , cOnsequen, Lord. Wellington was raised to the rank of' Gen-e" , .-ralissinw. of the Spanish -Forces,. Ir any. thing: would tend - more powerfully than another to., give -vigour and success to . the exertions of ,the Spa nish people, it was thus placing their resources .it the disposal of a person.so well able to guide them and vesting so able a commander with the uncon troiiled command of their, arinie. He would next take the liberty of congratulatog the House on the relation in which they stood to Russia.— The circurnstandes of that e.ountry,",he was liappy to say, wert't such as left :no ground for despond. eney2 T 4 Russians, it was trite, had. met withsome reverses, but they were :not sufficient to damP:their ardour, or. quell that enthusiasm- for country which should, animate every bosom. That spark of resistance which had been lighted up in, Spain,-was rapidly, 'spreading, and had already extended to the North: He was doubtful to which part of the prospect now held 'out by - Russia he should first call the attention of the HOuse ; Arhe-• ther to the Emperor lionelf or his Generals, or to the .valiant men who fought under theiricommand; but to .whatever part they directed:their attention, whether to the magnanimity of the Emperor, the skill of his Generals, or the bravery of his t roo p s , , they would find abundant Matter for exultation. On these topics it was unnecessary to dwell: They, were the admiration of ever person who . could: know and appreciate them. lirom every part of the, empire, there seemed to be lint'One object in view, and that object was resistance to the:enemy. From one end of it to the other, -there seeme=d only to .beone - subject of contention; and that' was who .shotild contribute' most to the..defenrm ,of their laws,their religion, and their country. Such were the men whoM, for their bravery and their:ze4l, -E the oppressor of urope would Stigmatize with the: name 'of barbarians. ,If enthusiasm - in the : ,proteetion of every thing which was 'dear to our . nature, cold Merit the name of barliarisin,,he; far one, would wish that such barbarity may ne ver be removed "by civilization, . But this was- not the first time that a conqueror, when he found himself unable to, cotabat the difficulties - that op.. posed his progress, endeavoured to load "Ivith the same stigma the,persons who had ihe boh.la&ss to resist him. Alexander the Great, under much the same circumstances, chose to desigryte as robbers and barbarians the - ancestors of these,;Very 4ussian s who had, the courage to oppose his encroaehments. To suchlangnage they answered as they - onght to have done " that not -to them who .defended their Country, but to him who came to' despoil it, the, appellation of robber was applicable ," and, he would ask, may not the Russians-110W' exclaim to .Buonaparte as their . ancestors. did to Alekander the - Great, "by what right do you design - ate us as barbarians .; why cast upon a nation . whom you are wantonly attacking, the Stigma of being: rob bers Our only crime was a wish- to 'track with Great Britain ; but is there any crime in' Which you have not Wallowed, even Without the excuse of proyocation ?'"' Is there - a 'corner in Europe, Asia, or-Africa, that has not witnessed your con toupt of every' oil* that is sacrefl among 'men, ? Have you not carried your oppresSions so far as to render them intolerable even to yottr 'own family Bas not'the brother whom' you set: as a King over the population :of Holland resigned his situation to avoid your tyranny? Has not another brother `thrown himself 'into an - enemy's. country, Where he finds that security and that protection. which you refused to'give him? - Which; then, niay the Russian exclaim in triumph, is the greaterbarba riani, I who - defend my country from unjust hosti lity, oryon who wantonly attack it ?" He would beg leave now to call the attention of the !Joust 'to Sicily, and he could not but congratulate' them upon the result- of a negotiation with that power; Which was likely to prove equally serviceableto both Countries ; one effectiof that, negociationwohld be,"to organize a much more powerful force than befortekisted for 'the defence of that island.— Every person, he was' sure, would rejoice on bea'r ingtliat the Regent was desirous Q f bringing Si cily into such a state as would be most conducive to its own interest and to than of Great Britain. The'steady:iqttand warm attachment -to the mother . -- country, lately displayed by the people of Canada was another subject for congratulation, which he could not pass over upon the present occasion.— They had withstood every attempt which had been made by America to seduce them fronr their loyalty and'the efforts to invade their territories were elnallynnsyccessfnl. In the first attempt at invasion, the whole of the American force stir- 'rendered to much inferior numbers; • and in' the se cond, even the prisoners taken exceeded the Bri tikh army' mployed against them. - 11ThereVer' the British troops were emplOyed, whether in Europe or in America, they never failed to display that bravery for which they were always distinguished. niey required uiithing but opportunity to display their valour, and victory was sure to follow. With respect to the renewal of the East India Com- pany's Clarter, it would not now be necessary for him to' dwell at any great length upon the sub ject. When the proper time should arrive, he helie;ied the House ' 'would be fully prepared to take that - important question into their serious consideration. 'AllUSion had' beri made in the Speech from the Throne; - ,to the late uliforttidate distarbauces that prevailed in some parts of the • country. Ike Was happy to see. that . these distor! bances were now put to rest by the salutary nlea' sores Which the Goveroment had found it neees ssry to resors ro.i . Such-were the principal topiC' of` the Address which'he meant to propose to the eoosh i ietation of the House. -BeftSre sitting down, he conlir not,. however, but once . more congrstg: late them u p on th e favourable change that hila taken ph:ce in the affairs of Europe. How fereot was the prospect _now, to what it was at the meeting of the last Parliament Ile might sal that - Great - BrititinswaS - aionb , and. unaided in did - contest. The itithienee and the' arms ,of Erauce were :felt •aluiost ,Withont 'resistance iii:•every part of Europe: There was hardly 'ally part of Spain in .which' its power Was not t!iC felt: The resources of the enemy-were then tin' broken. She bad a great and vittortous army 0 0 foot, comManded'hysamen of the first. -eharactet for military - talent. ~ But hirsii'greatlk were things altered for the better.' Russia .was now up 4 1 wails- against her oppressor,. and Sweden was not unfriendly to hor cause... She had. driven froni het' ries a - numerous and pOwerfuls host that 'tbOsitchied Ler with ruin ; andJ3manaparte, so }alt %aim realizing the high and boasting promise s ' with which he had eatered-rthat country, was notSr 'endeavouring, after defea't , and - disgraee, to secure' a retreat to. Poland: - 7p Spain alSo, Lord Wel ling,ton - had teats'one of, the _most numerous and. best equipped armies the French had ever broughC into the field, and obliged- them to draw together all their forceS for the purpose Of 'opposing his yisstOrious . progress. ' What is it', he'avould ask, 'they may not hope from Such'a state of things 1 When EUrope Was.atlength convinced that Boas naoarte - and his armies were not invincible, was there -riot: reason to expect 'that the nations or pressed by his poWer would rise to assert their rights, and recover that honour they had suffered him to tsienish ? Was there not reiisonto expect that the descendants of the great Frederick would again come 'forward to Oppose,- as he had often dOne, the devouring power of France ;' that they Would again come forward like the brave people cif - Russia, and - exclaim, we also are men, and 1;itill not submit anYlonger to -the encroachments Of out. oppressor: Ho would not trespass any longer "upon the - time of the HOuse, taut- submit to them the Address he meant topropose. The NOble Lord then read the AddreSs: Mr. Hata. DAVIS said; that in rising - to second the Addreia, it was not his wish or his intentiom9 to trespass long' upon the indulgence of the House, by a Trotractednofice of the tonics which it con tained. They had 'been so ably elucidated its the Speech itself, and the Noble Mover had so well andso clearly detailed the reasons that ope rated on him in prop o si n g the. AddieSS,' 'that ha Would have little occasion to detain them veil long. Though unwilling to iatrUde upon their attention, he coold n hoWever; resist the mo tives that induced !sin to second the . Address,-- - * At - a,Monientlike the present, when Europeloolv, ed,up to this country as the principal" solace. resistance to the power of 'France Was t*. be expected, it Was superthious to 'state that his 11.Oyal _Highness was . called to the :')Government at d'iiiost important. crisis. In rev=iewing ate events ti t had taken place since his , ateressian to :power, it was 'impossible. not ta with hope 'and , with pride itpon the splendid succeiSsavhich attended the riti - sh-iirms, in every- part 0,1 the 'avorlOri Which they were employed . . 'Spain bad `Witnessed that success in eitry one.of it 9 provineeS. •it was not necessary tor - him to recur to the 'lrravery by which Badajoz bad been reliev-. :tai ; -or to the splendid victoryalSalarnauca,-or the cohsequences that` followed:froni that victors.- - Where;. - etsßritith .'soldierS Were hronght into ac tion, thq. - displayed •prodigieS of' heroism that must have filled every person who beard him with exultation. • But, cheering as 'was the prospect - which:Spain. held out,. he was' happy - to Saythat - the prospect was riot leSs eheering•in. the North of Europe. When Buonaparte entered Russia, .gardless of the lives-of those whoni he lid to eon 'Omit; and of the rights of those whointe invaded, be flattered himself that he .could, after entering MOscoiv, dictate a peace to the Russians with the same insolence as he had before - done at Vienna ; but Russia, with a degree of firmness' and self &No-. tian almost unexampled. in ,history, sacrificed capital' to save atisempire, and by that means de feated the proud designs of her invader. • He was now farther than. ever from the 'attainment of his object, and obliged to have-recourse to a disgrace ful retreat. The Emperor of Russia shewed that he was not -a person to be either. intimidated 131 threats, or deceived by negociatiOn.' to France he found an implacable foe ; in 'Britain a friend, upon whom he could place a steadyreliance. Of his reliance upon British honour, he could not give a 'stronger proof than his , determination of :leading his fleets into the ports of this country. s4With respect to America, every pei - son most lamenr that.the endeavours for bringing about a peace had been unsuccessful. The removal of -the Orders hi Council naturally-induced an' expectation, both in the House and in the Country, that America would embrace that opportunity of removing whatever causes for hostility existed between time two coma tries, and contribute her assistance against the common foe of Europe and (if the world. 'The event however, unfortunately, did not justify such expectations; and the Americans Goyernment . - thotight •proper to commence hostilities. War was, he would cOnfess, , a thing always to be de splored, 'but as the endeavours - to• avoid it had been unsuccessful, he- Willingly anticipated, .on the part - of this country, that union and energy in the prosecution of it, which the enemy - -would not fail to .employ. on' their' Tart-. doubted -not 'but the voice, both of the House and of the country would concur in the determination to prosecute it - with vigour. With respect to the troubles that lately prevailed in the northern parts of the country, he could not but congratulate the House upon their renioval,'Which was to be attri buted to the mild and early measures adopted by the Governmont, The time was now, he hoped, arrived, when 'a more vigorous resistance may be expected to the power and 'the encroachments of France. It was by a resistance strong and perse vering, and by such resistance only, that they could hope for a lasting and honourable peace.-- Such a - peace was only to be won by iumpressin , t ,r upon -the enemy a conviction of. their • power to resist its efforts ; it was only by such a peace that