The Sun. — London, England, 1846-12-09 00:00:00

WEATIMIZ.—Sm4 OyncE, DEcF.mBER 9. TtIEirMOICETER, Lowest, 39; Highest, 49 ; ?icon, 43. B.knomETF.ri, 30.2.—W1ND N.N.E., fine. tto , 4.s ki , 77: ° T II E To be hail at all the Libraries. NEW NOVELS, BY POPULAR AUTHORS, JUST PUBLISHED BY MR. COi,BURN. - - - I. C.ESAR BORGIA, an lllstorical Romance. By the Antkor of " Matariars." 3 v 01.3. MEN OF CAPITAL. IT. By Mrs. GORE, 3 vols. 111. THE ROMANCE OF WAR ; or, 'l'he Highlanders in Spain, rT JAMES GRANT, Esq., late 611 Regiment. 3 vols. Iv. MARSTON. By the Rev. G. CIIOLY, L.L.D.. Author of " Sa lathiel." Second Edition. 3 vols. V. The ROMAN TRAITOR. By 11. W . HERBERT, Esq., Author of " Oliver Cromwell." 3 vois TT- The CITIZEN of PRAGUE. edited by MARY HOWITT. Second Edition. 3 vols. VII. AD R VENTUES of CAPTAIN O'SULLIVAN. Byols. W. IL MAX WELL, Esq., Author of " Stories of Waterloo." 3 vole. The following are just ready : I. FATHER EUSTACE, a Tale of the Jesuits. By Mrs. TROL LOPE. 3 vols. STRBWBERRY HILL, an Historical Novel. By the Author of " Shakspeare and his Friends," " =raids of Honour." &c. 3 vols. Henry Colburn, rubliFher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Nii:W WORK BY G. W. FEATHERSTONHAUGH, ESQ. Just ready, in 2 vols. Bvo., with Maps and Plates ' CANOE VOYAGE A_ TO THI: SOURCES OF THE MINNAY SOTOR ; with an Account of some Lead and Copper Deposits in. Wisconsin; of the Gold Region hi the Cherokee Country. By G. W. FEATHERSTONHAUGH, F.R.S., F.G.S. Author of" Excursions through the Slave States." Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. (Publisher in Ordinary to Ler Majesty.) RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE. MESSRS. LAMOND and Co., RAILWA.T sHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &C. tike place every TttaeDAY and Planar, at One &clock, at the Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place, favours, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfully requested to be addressed. All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day previous te their being offeredadvicos of results will be forwarded by the first post aftcr the sale, an 1 the proceeds imme diately disposed of according to instructions. Offices, [tall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street. London. TTIEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING Will he performed the grand Opera of TUE BOHEMIAN GIRL Count drnheim, Mr. nor raid ; Florestein, Mr. Harley ; Thaddeus Mr. Rafter ; Devilshoof, Mr. Stretton ; queen of the Gipsies, Mrs. Hughes; Arline, Miss Rainforth. After which, a new comic Spanish Ballet, entitled LA VERNEN The principal characters by Messrs. W. 11. Payne, Wieland, Tull Airs. Payne, and Mdlle. Dubignon. To conclude with DER FIIEISCHUTZ. Adolph, Mr. D. W King ; Casper, Mr. Stretton ; Zeikel, Mr. W. 11. Payne ; Linde . Allss Messent ; Rose, Miss Poole. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Under the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee. THIS EVENING Will be performed the Comedy of THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL. Slr Peter Teazle, Mr. Farrell ; Sir Oliver Surface, Mr. Tilbury ; Sir Benjamin Backbite, Mr. Lester ; Joseph Surface, Mr. Stuart ; Charles Shrface, Mr. Hudson; Crabtree, Mr. Rogers; Mesas, Mr. Webster; Mrs. Candour, Mrs. Glover ; Lady Teazle, Mrs. Bennett. After which a new Farce, called SPRING GARDENS. Did Ccurtington, Mr. Hull ; Sir Arthur Level, Mr. Howe ; Szorcup, Mr. Buckstone ; Lady Clarissa, Mrs. Buckingham ; Mrs. Scoreup, Miss Julia Bennett. During the evening the Band will perform the Overture, " Pre aux Clercs," " Clementines" (Mazourka); " Camellion" (Galop) ; the " Esterhazy" (Walzer); a New Overture ; and a Fantasia by Mr. F. Reed, " La Sonuambula." To conclude with the Comic Drama, entitled TIM' IRISH POST. In which Messrs. Bland, Tilbury, Hudson, and Mrs. liumby, kc., w:II appear. Box-office open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction of Mr. T. Archer, Box Book-keeper. THEATKE ROYAL, ADELPHI. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE. THIS EVENING _ _ _ Will be performed a gr;irdFairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet of LA GISELLE, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS ; or, the Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford. Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. C.llenford, Madame Celeste, diss Marian Taylor, Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin, and Mrs. TAWS. After which the popular Musical Comedy, in two acts, of SWEET HEARTS AND WIVES. Characters be 3le*srs. Lambert, tielby, Wright, Worrell, Cullentord ; Mrs. F. Matthews, Mrs. Yates, Miss Weolgar, and Miss Brooks. To conclude with a Bozzian Sketch, in one act, called MRS. GAMI"S TEA AND TURN-OUT. Principal characters by Messrs. Cullentord, Worrell, Ryan, Wright, Mtuiyard ; Miss 31. Taylor, and Miss Ellen Chaplin. PRINCESS'S TIII:ATRE, OXFORD-STREET. J. M. Maddox, sole Lessee and Manager. THIS EVENING Will be performed an original romantic Opera, in three parts, entitled TILE NIGHT DANCERS ; founded on the Story of Gisclie." The principal characters personified by Miss tleerglana Smithson, Mlss Rourke, Miss Sara Flower, Miss Somers, lisses Marshall; Messrs. Lefler, Allen, Bodda, Walton, T. Hill, Bonner, Peren, &c. After which an entirely new Comic Drama, entitled THE TWO RAIN BOWS. In the course of the Evening the Bantl will perform " The Perlen Waltzes." To conclude with Goldsmith's Comedy of SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER. Slr Charles Marlow, Mr.. Wynn ; Young Mariow, Mr. Vining; Hardcastle, Mr. Granby ; Tony Lumptin, Mr. Compton ; Hastings, Mr. Roxby ; Diggory, Mr. Cowell ; Miss Hardcastle, Mrs. Stirling ; Miss Neville, Mrs. Hughes ; Mrs. liardcastle, Mrs. Fosbroke FRENCH PLAYS.— ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. Less: e. Mr. John Mitchell. THIS EVENING Will he performed. the Comedy, entitled L'HOTEL GARNI. Cha racters by MM. Langeval, Berou, Cartigny ; Madame Heine, and 31dile. Cordell. After which, Moliere's celebrated Comedy of LE BOURGEOIS GENTILHOMM E. M.Jourdain, M. Parlet ; Nicole, Ildlle. Brohan. To conclude with LE MARL ET L'AM ANT. Col. Saint Leger, M. Langeval ; Ernest, Istl. Berou ; Frontin, M. Dumery - M. Moms. M. Tourtillon; Madame Saint Lager, Madame Adele Deluc ; Lisette, Made. Brohan. Boxes., Gs. ; I'it, 3i. fid. ; Stalls, 35.; Gallery, Us. Doors opened at half-past Seven, and the performances commence at Eight. DA VIDOE'S ROYAL StIRRE.Y THEATRE. Lessee, Mr , . Frances DAvidge. Will be performed ShaksiK , re's Tragedy I RICHARD THE THIRD. Duke of Gloucester, Mr. J. IL Scn:t ; Earl of Richmcnil, Mr. E. F. S ; Kim Henry, Mr Heston; Duke of Buckingham, Mr. Fredericks ; Tressel, Mr. Johnson ; Queen, Miss Richardson ; Lady Anne, 3lrs. Saville. After which a grand Military Ballet of Action, entitled LE RE VE DU SOLDAT. The characters supported by Mdle. Theodore and the Dentin Family. To conclude with the New Drama, c.died PAStION'S SLAVE ; The Outcast Son. Surported by the principal talent of the 'ompany. AST6EY'i 110 VAL m irriIATRE. Proprietor, W. Batty. Pa'ron'sed by her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Ptlnce Albert, and Boy:11 Family. Ne.twlthstandluz the present concentration or novelties, and the ex pensive engazements entered int) with the most emineet British and Foreign Artistes for the Christmis 11,1,days, Mr. BATTY has purchased the whole of Mr. Wh‘te s trained Lions, Tigers, Leo pards, &c. I.o;ewise in preparation. a splendid Comic FAIRY PANTO3I DIE, with other Gymnastic and Equestrian novelties. THIS EVENING Will he performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Witnance, en titled 'l'llE DEMOS HORSE ; er, Tlri Twelve Wishes and the Charmed lllt. New and entire change In the SCENES , of the, CIRCLE. To conclude with the grand Military Spectacle of THE BATTLE OF WATEIILOO. Napoleon, Mr. Gomersal. :cox-othee open from eleven till five O'CiOC:k.—Doors open at six an I c-ramenee at half-past six o'ciock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W. Broadfoot. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. Tho success of the reduction of prices of admission at thus Theatre is without precedent, nightly overfl.ws being the result. Homes, ; Half-price, 61. ; Pit, Gd.; Gallery, Zd. Ccutinued success of the splendid Drama of "'The Black Doctor." THIS EVENING Will be performed THE BLACK DOCTOR. In which Miss Vin cent, Mrs. G. Lee, Miss L. Pearce, Mrs. It. Barnett, and Messrs. Edwards, Bird, Searle, Forman, 8.7 c., will perform. Af,,r which THE STAGE-STRUCK LOVERS. Tommy Tape, Mr. Forman ; Sally Scrag,:s, Miss Lydia P 4 arce. To conclitoc with JACK RA..NN" ; or, Sixteen•string Jack, and the Knaves of Knaves'-acre. WATER. AT . Till, Morning; .. I minutes after 5 I Evening 22 Fnlnute, after 5, egt. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1846. French influence is not only maintained in Madrid, it is more than ever predominant. The harvest of the Montpensier marriage is already being garnered. The pear is not only ripe, it is gathered. With the termination of November a variety of Ministerial changes have set the Spanish capital in a ferment, and have revealed at the same moment the continued supremacy of LOUIS PHILIPPE'S Am bassador. The Afrancesados have in all likeli hood been striving to conceal the unconstitutional scaffolding upon which their power has been erected. They have, doubtless, been endeavouring most sedulously to screen themselves from the ob loquy which their latent subserviency to the Count DE BRESSON would excite against them on its distinct revelation. They have been trying to shroud in obscurity their ignoble connexion with the Gallic Cabinet. In these contemptible endeavours they have been miserably unsuccessful. The very earnest ness of their desire for concealment has con duced to a most unfortunate, and a most complete exposure, just US SIIAICSPERE speaks of -" The dread of guilt, Spilling itself from fearing to be spilt." The circumstances of this eclaircissment are peculiar and interesting. At ten o'clock on the night of the 29th ultitno the Ministry tendered their resignation. That resigna tion was accepted with apparent alacrity by IFABELL 11. At &even o'clock the Marquis of VILUNIA was, at the instigation of CHRISTINA, invited to form an administration, but immediately declined. Subsequently the Marquis of M iaarLoass, the Mar quis CA.SA Timio, and others, recei ve d s i milar re quisitions, and those requisitions were successively rejected with similar promptitude. Among the numerous causes to which these unex pected occurrences are traced, there are only four of any importance, and only two of any probability. That the rumoured retirement of GUIZOT, and eleva tion of Mora to the premiership in Paris, should abruptly destroy a Peninsular Government which had been so artfully and so artistically constructed, is THE SUN, LON_3ON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 9, iF4ci 1 marvellously improbable. That the refusal of AR MERO, the Minists r of Marine, to apologise with due obsequiousness to the Infante Don ENRIQUE for his discourteous behaviour at Cadiz, should have nipped the new-born rose of French domination "i' the bud," or even have " fed on its damask cheek " in secresy, is equally preposterous. The two principal rumours, however, to which we have referred are much more rational. The first, if correct, reflects dis gracefully upon the Court. On the 30th of Novem ber the salt contract between the Government and 1 IM. SALAMANCA. terminated. M. Moss was obdurate in his refusal to renew this grant, and in its renewal were said to be implicated the pecuniary interests of the Duke DE RIANZARES. According to many cre dulous individuals, this obstinacy of the Minister of Finance was the immediate cause of the resignation of his colleagues. According to others, that resigna tion was attributable to a very different and an in finitely more creditable circumstance. Senor PAcuEco, the avowed leader of the Conservative Opposition in Congress, and Fiscal of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, had applied according to an official custom for permi-sion to visit Cordova, for the purpose of personally superintending his re-election by his constituents. That permission had been re fused by Senor CANEJA, the Minister of Grace and Justice, and in consequence thereof Senor PACHECO instantly tendered his resignation. The report was prevalent that it was the disinclination of Queen Isanem,a, at the earnest solicitation of the Icing Consort, to accept the resignation of t enor PacnEco, which had determined the Minis try generally to resign. Whether these con jectures be literally correct or not, it is certain that the first prejudices of the SOVEREIGN have been conquered, that the resignation of the Fiscal of the Supreme Tribunal has been ultimately ac cepted, that ISTURITZ and his colleagues have been reinstated in office, and that all this has been accomplished through the instrumentality of the Count DE BRESSON. Is anything further wanting to divulge the efficiency of the French representative in the Iberian metropolis ? Are not the manacles which had been concealed by the gala-dress of the Ministers now sufficiently disclosed ? Are not the contemptible Afrancesados bound to the imperious and volatile will of a foreign population by the ties of gratitude as well as by the shackels of sycophancy ? Are not the anticipations of England verified in this disgraceful transaction ? Are not the Spanish millions under the arbitrary control of a feudatory lord acquired by marital chicanery ? There is a solitary consolation in these recent proceedings at Madrid ; it is, however, only an antici patory consolation. If the information received is credible, the King Consort has evinced a disposition for independent action, which may be developed in the end to the redemptian of the Government. Sup posing that the circumstances which we have described be correct, :his Majesty has displayed a character singularly contrasted with the feebleness of his predecessors. It is earnestly to be hoped that he may not emulate the partial idiotcy cf the Prince of the ASTURIAS or the weakness cf CUAELES IV., but that he may assume to himself a moral and mental importance most calculated to re dound to his own honour and to the salvation of his native land. We are not disposed, however, to repose much upon the promises of improvement in the nature of a Spanish Bourbon. This is not the moment, inieed, to indulge in such day-dreams. When the country of the CID is subjected so entirely to the pleasure of a French monarch ; when the streets, which rever berated with the wail of that pathetic lamen tation, Ay di mi Alhama ! are paced by the obsequious parasites of a Gallic Ambas sador ; when the whole of Spain is oppressed with a bondage as entire as that of BOBADIL, it is not the most fitting time to indulge in thoughts which may possibly prove the mere hallucinations of the fancy. The Spaniards must do something more than wonder and conjecture. On Friday we alluded to the statement made by a Contemporary as to the steps that have recently been taken for the purpose of foreclosing many mortgages affecting estates in Ireland. We pointed out the ex traordinary sufferings that would be thereby oc casioned to many families, the great and unnecessary expenditure that would be thrown away in useless litigation, the evils that would ensue in consequence of so large a part of the rental of the country being locked up in the coffers of the Court of Chancery, and the impossibility of any considerable portion thereof being, in the present state of the law, made applicable to the effecting of permanent and valuable improve ments, the employment of labour, or to those acts of charity that are now so imperatively demanded. The abatements of rent, which every well-disposed land lord is disposed to make at the present crisis, in order to bear his portion and participate in the losses of his tenantry, would be thereby effectually prevented. In fact, it is scarcely possible to conceive a greater national calamity than would be produced by such a panic becoming general amongst the holders of charges affecting Irish property, and pressing with undue rigour, or taking active steps to compel the imme diate payment of the principal of their debts. There is no just reason why such a panic should be originated) and yet the number of cases in which proceedings have been actually instituted, so far beyond the usual average, would indicate that such a feeling is in existence and spreading rapidly throughout the land. Its further extension, ita continuance, must be in the highest degree irjurious to all parties; and it becomes the duty of every one anxious for the national prosperity, and the welfare of individuals, to expose the groundlessness of such fears and the impossibility of their realisation. We have asserted that the actual payment of their capital would be injurious to the creditors themselves, and at the same time fatal to the debtors. The latter part of this Tropoqtion require's little proof to establish. When it is considered that the whole, or at least, by far the greater portion, of the costs, charges, and expenses of all parties during the entire progress of the suit would fall on the residue that would remain for the unfortunate inheritor after pay ment of every encumbrance affecting his property; that an increased number of such unreserved and forced sales would greatly deteriorate the value of banded property; that it would become a drug in the market, the supply greatly exceeding the demand, thefear ful consequences to the unwilling and reluc • taut vendor may be easily understood. Those who are old enough to remember the year 1798, and the period immediately following, when, by reason of a panic, an extraordinary quantity of real property was thrown upon the market and disposed of at any prices that could be obtained therefor, can state the amount of such diminution of value, which went to a degree that could scarcely be credited at the present time. We have been assurel that at that period eligible estates were frequently sold at eight or ten years' purchase ; but it is necessary to establish that payment of these demands would also be very injurious to the creditors themselves. The general rate of interest payable on charges affecting land in Ireland may be set down at five per cent. per annum. That is the highest rate legally chargeable on such securities in England, but in Ireland six per cent. is sanctioned by law, and is in many instances actually paid on most unexceptionable investments. The Court rate of interest in England is fixed at four per cent., while in Ireland five per cent. is allowed under similar circumstances. Generally speaking, one per cent. more is obtainable there than here on securities of equal character, and, although of late years many loans have ban effected in Ireland at four and a half, or, in some few instances e believe, even at four per cent., those for which five and a half or six per cent. are paid exceed tLem in numbPr and amount, and the average rate may fairly he set down at five per cent. Now this is far beyond the rate that can at the present time be obtained even in Ireland on satisfactory security. Were itnotfor the heavy expenses attendant on the transfer of the charges, the loss of time, the delays incidental to a full investigation, of title, and the other difficulties which the lay ; interposes, that makes it not worth the debtor's 'while, to endeavour to effect a new loan, there is litt'ie doubt the creditors would have to accept payment -of their principal money, or to reduce the interest 'thereon to the extent of from one-half to one per.cer tt. throughout the country. If they had their ca pand were now seeking investments, they wow( 4 C ' l ,t f _lltci with less interest, and Would cur a certain expense to their own legal advisers, a loss of interest, while their capital was lying idle and unpro ductive, pending the investigation of the title, and a certain risk as to the validity and sufficiency of the security they were about to accept. It, therefore, ap pears manifest that those who have well established and sufficient encumbrances charged on land in Ireland would be seriouly damaged by the present satisfaction of their claims. The only rational grounds for such a panic would be the following, viz. :—a fear that the Legislature might, by any enactment, compel the mortgagees or owners of such charges to contribute or bear any portion of the extraordinary burdens that may be imposed upon lands by reason of the Labour-rate Act, or such other measures as at any time hereafter may be introduced for the purpose of enforcing adequate employment for the labouring population of th• country ; or that the landlords, whose properties are involved, and who are paying heavy interest on out standing liabilities, may not be able to meet the de mands for interest, in consequence of the present dis tressed state of the country. We hope to be enabled to show that there is no sufficient foundation for either of these contingencies. The first of these fears was in some degree occa sioned by the insane conduct of some of the proprie tors themselves, who, without consideration or re flection, demanded that the Legislature should com pel the mortgagees and encumbrancers, and all per sons drawing any incomes derivable from, or posses sing charges affecting lands, to participate in their burdens, and to bear their proportion of the new rates that are to be levied on the real property of the country. Those persons were only desirous of shift ing some portion of the extraordinary expenditure off of their own shoulders, and thought little of the abstract justice of transferring it to those of any other part of the community. Neither did they consider the consequences to themselves as the owners of such encumbered estates, that must inevitably be the result of such an in equitable transfer. In the first instance, a charge on land is in its nature essentially different from the land itself. However prosperous the times may become, however greatly the value of the lands may be enhanced, the possessor of the charge can reap no benefit therefrom ; he can only demand the stipulated interest or pay ment of his principal money. The discovery of a mine, the bringing the soil into better heart, improved methods of cultivation by which the produce may be quadrupled, would not increase the amount of his demand by one single farthing. As, therefore, he cannot be benefited by the increased value of the land, so likewise he cannot be injured by its dete rioration. It is not just that such should be the case; there is no reciprocity whatsoever. The capitalist, who lends his money on landed security exchanges the prospect of an increase in the value of land for the certainty afforded to him of receiving the original sum he has lent without any possibility of diminution, while, on the other hand, the proprietor of the land.hopes that it will still become more valuable, and that he will have a larger surplus applicable to his own purpose a at a future period, after payment of the interest of his debt. Were it otherwise, he would sell such a por tion of his land as would produce a sum sufficient for his exigencies, and hold the residue unencum bered, in place of borrowing a sum of money on the security of all his lands. One of those parties specu lates for a rise in the value of land, the other in the value of money, and neither, against whom the balance for the moment may happen to incline, has any right to complain, or to call on the other to bear any portion of the consequences of his own error of judgment. lie entered into the speculation with his eyes open ; he must abide the result. We must con clude for this day, but we shall resume the con sideration on an early occasion. The due administration of justice is one of the first objects of a civilised community. To the just and efficient operation of the criminal branch of it, the public naturally look with greater jealousy than to that of any other portion. Life and liberty are affected by our criminal code. The privilege of liberty is undoubtedly subject to serious curtailment under the influence of the civil law ; but this is trifling in comparison with the powers conferred by the criminal law for depriving the subject of his liberty. Where transportation for life, with all the dreadful incidents of slavery—rendering the punishment to many Par worse than the loss of life itself—may be the sentence, following conviction of a criminal offence, the public would be wanting to themselves if they did not scrutiniz , -, with the utmost jealousy, and in all its bearings, the entire structure of our criminal jurisprudence from the foundation to its very apex. It is but just that man should act in this wise. Is a member of a social community, he is called upon, and is considered, by implication, to have abandoned his natural rights in exchange for the conventional ones, secured by the State. By virtue of this requisite ex change, the first law of nature, that of self•defence, the most primitive of all rights, is placed under most rigid restrictions. Man is prohibited from taking the law into his own hands. It is ruled, that any injuries he may receive shall be redressed through the appointed tribunals of the country ; and, it is presumed, that the wrongs he has suffered will be beneficently repaired. When, then, SD much of natural prerogative is, as it were, per force completely resigned, mankind at large, wherever civilization prevails, will sternly require from their respective rulers, that all laws, where life and liberty are concerned, shall be both justly framed and equitably administered. Righteous laws are plants of the slowest growth. They must, to he effective, necessarily vary with the artificial develop. ment of different communities. To modify and al - them, so as to correspond with the ever-changing phases of society, is a work of the nicest art, and demands the influence of the highest order of in tellect. It is by reason of the difficulty of accom plishing this task, enhanced as it has been in every age, by, at one time, the turbid passions of powerful and selfish subjects; at another, by the tyrannical disposition or insatiable ambition of a monarch, and the other innumerable deranging accidents of the social system, that justice has been frequently precipitated from hEr seat, and the keenest miseries entailed upon the human race. In our land, the criminal law is first officially set in motion by the fiat of the magistrate. It rests with him to commit or discharge the prisoner. In this way, his powers are enormous; far greater, indeed, than his responsibility, which is, in fact, next to nothing. For years, however, has our magisterial bench been left in a most inefficient condition. Even our metropolitan magistrates, who are well paid for their labours, are constantly committing egregious blunders, as evidenced by the repeated censures which they get from the Secretary of State for the Home Department. So much has this been felt that we believe the Government have resolved upon filling up every vacancy by the appoint ment of a person who shall be qualified, by study and practice, to discharge these grave functions. But, if this be determined on, and, as we think, wisely, why not adopt the same system with the provinces, and sweep off the legally-unenlightened Dogberrics, who so uselessly and perniciously crowd our quarter-ses sions ? An unpaid body of men never answer—that is, they never fully act up to what is required of them. Previous habits of life, and special ignorance of the judicial vocation, prevent their doing so. No one can enter a country justice-room but what he is sure to see the justice completely led by the nose by the clerk of the court. Is not this enough, where matters of imminent import to the subject are hourly handled, to bring the blush to the patriot's cheek ? Would not common sense dictate, that, if no better substitute could be found, the clerk and the magistrate should change places ? The present system cannot last ; we arc literally dis graced by it. Motives of economy cannot be suffered, for a moment, to war against our recommendation. Justice should be pure and undefiled. Too high a prica.cannot be paid for the acquisition of such a blessing; and whether the stream of justice be diverted by corruption, negligence, or ignorance, the effect is not the less baneful to the citizen. Better to have one sound lawyer on the bench than fifty leaden-witted squires. We have perused the report of yesterday's pro ceedings at the Surrey Sessions with great dis satisfaction. First, on account of the magis trates having sentenced several prisoners to be privately whipped, and next, on account of the inexplicable disproportion of the different sentences. Three person', aged respectively 18 years, 23, and 24, having slept one night in Kingston workhouse, the next day stole three loaves, in the hope of being sent to prison. The Chairman ordered them twenty one days' solitary confinement, and a private whip-. ping. Supposing they sought the shelter of the prison, on account of its better fare, instead of the work house, is not 21 days' solitary imprisonment, of itself, a commensurate punishment for stealing one loaf? Why aggravate the sentence with the degradation of corporal torture ? For anything that appears in the report, the prisoners were not old cffenders. What can the magistrates expect will be the issue ? These men will, in all probability, leave the prison degraded and hardened, and bent upon committing some felony, which will send them out of the country. It is a vulgar error to conceive that, in awarding punishment, the law regards merely the prevention, in future, of the like offences. It has another, and a higher aim, at least, it should have, viz., by the effect of the punishment, to reform the character of the offender. It is against human nature to suppose that men of twenty-four years of age will be reformed by bodily laceration. Again, a boy aged seventeen, pleaded guilty to the charge of stealing a Dutch cheese. lie had not been in the workhouse, like the others, above alluded to neither, as they, did he plead want as an excuse. His sentence was fourteen days' solitary confinement, and a private whipping. He therefore got a milder sen tence, by one week, than the others, between one of whom and himself, the difference in age was only a year. To a considerate mind, a week's solitude in a prison is a severe ordeal to pass through. Yet the worthies of the Surrey Sessions weigh these matters so indiffer ently, that, it seems, in their judgment, as light as a feather in the scale, and appears to be quite hap hazard whether the heavier offence, rebus sic stanti bus, receive a more lenient sentence, or vice verse We sicken at these legal incongruities. The Post Ampt Gazette of Frankfort has the fol lowing from Berlin, dated the 29th ult. :—" Our Minister for Foreign Affairs has just received an energetic protest from Lord PALMERSTON against the suppression of the republic of Cracow. M. DE KAMPTZ has received instructions to proceed without delay to Vienna, to regulate there the commercial relations with reference to the incorporation of Cra cow with the Austrian monarchy." According to a letter from Galicia, in the Angs bnrgh Gazette of the 2d, the last royal decree in fa vour of the peasantry, and by which the obligation of forced labour is still further diminished, has diffused much satisfaction among that class of the population. In the same letter it is stated that the incorporation of Cracow has inspired so much confidence as to the future tranquillity of that town, that house property has risen one-third in value. Madrid papers of the Ist have arrived. They are wholly taken up by the discussion of the late Minis terial crisis. This crisis is important, as showing that the Queen of SPAIN supports with impatience the yoke of the Afrancesado party, and that Senor ISTIMITZ and his colleagues are not in reality the Ministers of the Queen of SPAIN, but the Ministers of the KING of the FRENCH, forced on the reluctant Q►JEEN by the French Viceroy, Count 13nEssoN. The War-office was completely destroyed by the fire of the 29th ult. " The magnificent edifice," says the Tiemp, " which was formerly the palace of the ' Prince of the Peace,' and has since served as the re sidence of most of the Secretaries of State, is, at the present hour (December 1, three at night), but a heap of ruins. The papers, valuable furniture, silver articles, and coffer of the Minister of War, have be come a prey either to the flames or to the avidity of those who could not reach places usually impene trable to the applications of misery —a sight both mournful and shameful I At present we cannot enter ino further details." According to the Clamor Publico the loss sus tained by the fire amounts to above 30,000 piastres. The accounts from Portugal are to the 25th. At that date no action had taken place between the troops of SALDANUA and those of DAs ANTAS. The Marquis of LoIJLE, it is said, was endeavouring to induce Das ANTAS to give battle without delay. MADRID ‘LSA, DEC. I.—The Three p..r Cents. 341 at the close, paper offered ; Four per Cents. at 21; Five per Cents. at 21i, there is money; Diflit, without interest, q; Paper Coupons 19k, there is money. Algiers 30th November, which appears in the Presse, says— " You have, without doubt, heard that our prisoners, respecting whom there has been so much anxiety for the last fourteen months, have just been restored to us. There are ten, including a woman who was eight years ago captured at the gates of Oran. The following are their names. Render several families happy by publish ing them as soon as possible—Lieut.-Colonel Courby de Coguard, Lieut. Laraze.), Sub-Lieut. Thomas, Dr. CabaSse, Lieut. Morin, of the 15th Light Infantry ; MarLhal-des-logis chief Barbut, of the 2d Hussars ; Tetarp, a h ussar ; Trott& a chasseur of the Bth bat talion ; Michel, of the 41st of the line ; and The.eie Gilles. Lieut. llillerin, of the 41st, died on the eve of the liberation. It is M. Dilaard, captain of the Vidoce, who was charged with the whole of the enterprise, and who has conducted it so well. M. Durande, an enseigne de vaisseau, received the prisoners in his balancelle, and conveyed them to Djemma-Ghazaouat,where we left them in good health." The following interesting account of the manner in which th&se unfortunate persons were restored to their liberty appears in another letter from Algiers, published in the same journal : "About a month ago a letter from M. de Cognard reached the Governor of Mililla, informing him that for a sum of 30,000 f. the person who had charge of the pri soners would conse nt to their evasion. As such a sum was not to be found at Melilla, a letter was forwarded to the General at Oran, who immediately sent for the Commandant and a discreet officer. Durand, a young enseigne de vaisscau, was the person designated. At Oran cases of money were put on beard the Viiloce for Me lilla, at which place Durande took the command of a balancelle (a small fishing vessel). The V6lece was sent to Cadiz to be placed at the disposal of A. Dumas, and the French artists who accompany him. We left Oran on the 14th, and returned to Melilla on the 27th, having passed a few days at Cadiz, Tan giers, Gibraltar, and Tetuan. Hardly had we cast anchor when a Spanish officer (Captain Conna, of Melilla) arrived in a boat, and announced the deliverance of the prisoners, and the departure in the balancelle of Durande. I transcribe the recital made by the Spanish officer to M. Dumas, and which, with the aid of an interpreter, M. Dumas wrote down under his dictation. The day before yesterday, Nov. 24, two Arabs arrived with a letter, announcing that the prisoners were at four leagues from the point of Bestinza. The signal announced for the following day was a great fire. I set out for the point of Bestinza, which is four leagues from Melilla, in a Spanish boat, with M. Durande, and we waited at the distance of a pistol shot from the shore. At first we saw four or five men arriving on horseback, and who made signals. I then landed alone, and approached them with the Arabs who had brought the news. They told me that the prisoners were only half a league off. Three-quarters of an hour after wards they arrived, ten in number, including an old woman, who had been eight years in captivity. They were on horseback, and the men were dressed in the remains of their uniform. The eleventh had died on the road of fever. M. de Cognard alighted, and held me in an embrace for a quarter of an hour. He then told me to regain my boat, for fear the Arabs should in t( nd to play me false. I replied that I would remain, being resolved to take him and his companions back with me, or to remain a prisoner with them. An Arab was then taken on board to convince him that we had the money. Some difficulties were made, but finally we brought the prisoners to Melilla, and yesterday after noon they left, with M. Durande, in the balancelle for Djemma-Ghazaouat. We did not (continues the officer of the Veloce) stop longer than to shake hands with Captain Coppa, and on our arrival at Djemma-Ghazouat found that Durande had landed all the prisoners. An instant afterwards we had the satisfaction of shaking hands with M. de Cognard, Dr. Cabasse, and the other officers. We did not find M. Durande, for he had had the courage to perform twenty-seven leagues in his poor balancelle, for Oran, to:announce the success of his mis sion to the General. In the evening there was a grand banquet at the camp, at which 120 officers sat down, in honour of the prisoners. As soon as it was over the Veloce left for Algiers." In reply to the questions put by the National on the subject of the purchase of corn for Algeria from M. RomsculLD, which we published on Saturday, the tlfoniteur Parisien says that the hostilities in Algeria at the end of 1845 had prevented many of the tribes from sowing their seed in time, and that this circumstance, with the visitation of locusts and long drought, had considerably reduced the native pro duce; that the war department has, in consequence of the dread of scarcity in France, acted wisely in obtaining a supply of corn from abroad, and that to do so the Minister had applied to M. ROTHSCHILD, as he would apply to our merchants ; that at a later period considerable purchases having been made elsewhere, at advantageous prices, for Algeria, the corn destined for that colony has been delivered at Marseilles for internal consumption ; that the Minister had not Invited competition, as, by showing the want of corn by the French Govern ment, it would have led to a rise in foreign markets; and, finally, that the Chambers only have a right to be informed by the Minister of the price at which be purchased." The Constitidionnel Ins the following from Brest : " There is nothing new in naval movements ; hut the scantiness of our stores is such, that there has been the greatest difficulty in fitting out the Dant.6 frigate. There is not enough of flour and wine in store to supply three months' provisions for the Boussole corvette, bound to the Antilles on a pressing mission. It is unheard of that, on the departure of a vessel from the first port of France, her captain should be told You are to take in at Martinique the wine necessary to complete your stock, and which we cannot give you.' Some time back there was not enough of coals for the Flambeau steamer, bound for Cherbourg. The stores' department at last succeeded in supplying what was wanted." The Bourse opened on Monday with some degree of firm ness at the closing quotations of Saturday, but some heavy sales to realise profits had a tendency to bring down prices; and at the close both Threes and Fives were quoted lower, the former at 801. 75c. (the Coupons on this stock are de tached to-day); and the latter at 118 f. 10c. The market closed as follows :-Three per Cents., for cash, 80f. 85c. ; for Account, 80f. 75c. ; Five per Cents., for cash, 1181. 15c ; for Account, 1181. 10c. ; Bank of France Shares, 3,505 f. ; Neapolitan, 1021. 50c. ; Spanish Fives, 33% ; Ditto Threes, not quoted. ItaiLwAvs.-The Share Market has also shown less firm ness to-day, and at the close of the day the lines were generally called lower. For cash-Paris and Orleans, 1,250 f.; Paris and Rouen, 885 F.; Avignon, 8801.; Vierzon, 590 f.; Strasburg and Bale, 2181. 73c.; Boulogne, 445 f. ; Northern, 610 f. ; Bordeaux, 557 f. 50c. •, Montereau, 3401.; Fampoux, not quoted ; I'aris and Lyons, 5071 60c. ; I'aris and Strasburg, 4821. 50c. ; Nantes, 4901. ; Dieppe, 352 f. 50c. • BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DECEMBER 8. Boulogne and Amiens, 13 3 / 4 —Luxembourg, 3 / 4 —Namur and Liege, 3 1 / 2 —Northern of France Constituted, UN—Orleans and Bordeaux, 7 3 / 4 —Paris and Lyons Constituted, s—Paris and Strasbourg Constituted, 41A. Lord John Russell arrived in town this morning from his country seat, for the purpose of receiving different deputations. DEATII OF LADY CAROLINE DRUMAIOND.—This benevolent lady expired on the 4th inst. at her residence, in Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square, at the advanced age of 80, after a lengthened illness. THE ABORIGINES PROTECTION SOClETY.—Yester day Lord Palmerston received a deputation from the Aborigines Protection Society, charged with presenting a memorial, craving his Lordship's persuasive influence with the French Governmet t in favour of the natives of the Georgian and Society Islands, and more especially that the acknowledged independence of the latter might be permanently secured. The deputation, consisting of Samuel Gurney, Esq., the president of the society, James Bell, Esq., its treasurer, Dr. Wright, D.D., Henry Christy, Esq., S. Woolmer, Esq., E. Martin, Esq , and several other gentlemen, received a cordial assurance that his Lordship's sedulous attention would be given to the subject. DREADFUL OCCURRENCE.-011 Wednesday morn ing, the body of a man was found, in a literally roasted state, in the hot ashes, at Mr. Dixon's works, Govan. It appears that the ashes, as they fall from the furnace, sink into a bed of successive layers, forming a mass, which is constantly in a heated, if not smouldering sate, and emitting noxious gases. The deceased was a poor, houseless creature, supposed to be a foreigner, and of whose name or connexions nothing is known. He had, however, been frequently seen about the works, and it appears was in the habit of making the ash- heap his bed, having no place of shelter, and finding comfort in its warmth. It seems probable that, on the occasion in question, he had been over powered, perhaps suff oca t e d, by the gas from the rubbish, after laying himself down, and, while in a state of stupefaction, or rather, it is to be hoped, after life had totally ceased to exist,theburning of the body ha d g one on by a slow process, until found in its partially consumed state, with the integuments, it is said, crumbling to the touch. A more shocking and deplorable result of destitution has seldom occurred.— Glasgow Railway Journal. FOOTRACE FOR lOU—Yesterday, the walkin g a ma t c h between East, of London, and P owe ll, o f II amp ton ton (two well-known pedestrians), to contend over - six teen miles of road, came off near the D og a nd Partridge, at Bedfont. Powell took the lead, and performed nearly s even s even miles in one hour, and ultimately won, he cover ing the sixteen miles of road in less than two hours and a half, at a fair toe and heel walk. ROYAL BOUNTY.—The overseers and churchwar dens of Windsor have receive() a communication from the Hon. and Rev. C. L. Courtenay, domestic chaplain to the Queen, that her Majesty graciously intends to place in the hands of the parochial authorities there the sum of 2501., to be distributed amongst the needy and distressed parishioners on New Year's-day, in meat, bread, coals, and blankets. The objects of the royal bounty are to be selected by the parish officers, and the distribution is to take place in the New Riding-school at the Royal Mews, in the presence of her Majesty and the Prince Consort. A jolly Jack Tar, having strayed into a show at a fair, to have a look at the wild beasts, was much struck with the sight of a lion and tiger in the same den. "Why, Jack," said he to a messmate, who was chewing a quid in silent amazement, " I shouldn't wonder if next year they were to carry about a sailor and a marine living peaceably together ‘," " said his companion, "or a man and wife l" MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, QUARTER TO THREE. The Cotton market at Liverpool yesterday was active again. Sales 20,000 bales, including 10,000 American on speculation, at an advance of id. per lb. compared with last Friday. Shares were rather fiat. The sale of railway shares, yesterday, at Messrs. Lamond and Co.'s, did not go off so firmly, and the general aspect of shares was not so satisfactory as it was last week. The following are a few of the principal sales : Barbadoes £0 6 6 Great Western of Bengal 0 5 0 Shrewsby., Wolyerh., and South Stafford 3 9 6 Leicester & Bedford, _Exchange Certficate 0 10 6 Great Luxembourg Liverp. Manch. and Newcastle-upon-Tyne 2 8 6 ➢lanchester and Southampton, 1647. 1 10 0 Shropshire Union and Canal North British, Extension: 1 10 0 Great Northern ... Madrid and Valencia Eastern Counties, York Extension 3 6 6 Shrewsbury and Birmingham ........ 4 12 6 Boston, Newark, and Sheffield 0 14 6 Paris and Lyons o 0 0 Exeter, Yeovil, and Dorset The West India files of papers seem to afford a satisfactory report from most quarters of the state of the weather, and the progress of sugar making, though we have the old complaints of the Coolies, who are certainly not favourites, and therefore not likely to be sought for much longer. A suspension of Coolie immigration, if only by reason of the heavy expenditure it occasions, appears to be thought by no means improbable. The sugar question had led to one or two meetings being held in Jamaica, but we find nothing new in the argu ments, though there is doubtless much to com mend in the recommendations for economical management, and the adoption of central fac tories. There may be some idea formed of the pre sent value of West India property, from the circumstance that two estates in Guiana, amply provided with machinery, labour, and water power, and situated in most favourable lccalities, having been let for 1.0001. a year each. The state of affairs in Mexico, as mentioned in these accounts, differs but little from what was represented in the American advices. If anything, however, the position of the United States volunteers is de scribed as being even worse than we might suppose, and the navy was not very efficiently manned. It is to be feared that the intelligence of Santa Anna having seized upon the conducta with three million of dollars, intended for Europe, is but too true ; a report to that effect, prevalent at Vera Cruz, being brought over by the steamer. The Stock Market is rather dull again. We shall have the transfer books for some of the leading invest meats closing in a day or two, and this serves to show that there is a slight preponderance in the opinion of par ties as to the markets receding, or at least as to money becoming scarcer, prior to the re-opening in January. The sales, at the same time, have not been extensive. Consols realise 954 to 95 1 1 for present transfer, and 951 to 951 for time. Exchequer. bills have been marked 12s. to 9s. premium. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents have been done at 961 and the Three-per- Cent. Reduced at 941 Bank Stock is worth 2071 to 2061. The Foreign investments have been quiet. Mexican have improved, however, their value being at 22r} to 22* for the Active. Spanish Five per Cents. are 261 ; and the Three per Cents. 37k. There is some doubt yet as to the precise position of the Ministry at Madrid, and whether M. Isturitz has had matters so decidedly his own way. Portuguese Four per Cents., have been marked 39 ; Belgian Four•and-a-Half per Cents. have been 95 to 951. The share market looks flat again, and prices are slightly in favour of buyers, both for the home and foreign lines. Northern of France have been down to 48 premium. oc PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. Bank Stock .2074 206% -ed Ar -. 941/ CLOSING PRICES. 206 1 / 2 94% 3 per Cent. Reduce. _nns 3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 95 % 1% 954 New 3 1 A per Cent. Annuities 9 6 1/ IA 96 1 4 Long Annuities to expire J an. 1860 9 15-16 Ditto 30 years, Oct. 10,1859 Ditto 30 years, Jan. 5, 1860 lO 3-16 10 3-16 India Bonds, 1,0001.. South Sea Stock IO S IA 105 1 A Ditto Old Annuities Ditto New Annuities ... 94% 94% Consols for Account 95%% 95% Exchequer Bills, 1000/. 1' , ,4d.... 11 12 9 p 9 p O.7*.CE CLOSINt tRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK PRICES Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1846 2 2 3 /4 23 1 % Ditto, Account . 22% 22 22% 23% Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent Ditto, Account 39 38th Russian Bonds ••••• ...... 111 1 4 1111% Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840 Ditto. Account ... .... .... 20/ 2 26% Ditto, Passive pitto 3 per Cent. ..... 37i Dividends on the above payable in London. Belgian 4% per Cent .... 95% 95 Dutch, 2% per Cent . Ditto. 4 per Cent. Certificates 93 92% 92% PRICES or BUSINESS DONE CLOSING PAID. is AIL SIL4.RES AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICE , :.. Aberdeen Amber., Nott., Boston, and Eastern Junction 2%..... 2 % i s 2pi Armagh, Coleraine, and Portrush l% Belfast & County Down 4% — Birmingham and Dudley 429. ... .• —.•.• • ..... ••• Birmin. and Gleucester..loo 127% 1 2 7 1%z Ditto New 17% 31% ..• ... 3lth Birmingham and Ox ford Junction Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junc.... 2:34 — Boston, Stamfd, & Birm. 225. — Bristol and Exeter Ditto, New Bristol and Gloucester... 30 „..... Bristol and Liver. Junc.. 2%...... Buckinghamshire Caledonian - Ditto Half Shares 2% ......... •••• • Cambrian & Grand June 42s Chester and Holyhead... 27% 2 5 14 Churnet and 81ythe...... 2 ••• ••••.• Chester and Manchester 425. — Cheltexham and Oxford 2 ...... • Clydesdale Junction.. ... 20 Cork, Blackrock, and Passages Cork and Killarney ... Cork and Waterford ... 1 1 ,i — Cornwall Ditto, Half Shares ... 2%...... ••• Cornwall & Cent'l Devon 2% _ Direct Lincoln, East Het ford, and Shetfd. June. 2% Direct Northern Direct Norwich Dublin and BelfastJunc• Dublin, Belfast, and Coleraine Dublin and Galway..... 4 Dundalk & Enniskillen 10 Eastern Counties 14/. 16s. 22% ............... 227% Ditto New l2l. 16s 7% p......"''•' 7M, p Ditto Perpetual, 5 per Cent, No. 1. 6l. 138. 4d — ............... Ditto ditto. No. 2,.. 61. 13s. 4d N _F.-- Do., York Extension.. 2 EastDereh'm andNor'ch 1 . . .... Eastern Union 35 .. Ditto, Quarter Shares 8A..•••• Do. Extem(Harwich) 1%...••• ......... Do., Camb. and Ely.. 2%.•—• East Lancashire ......... 14 . ..... 18%.. ..• Ditto. New Do., do. (late Preston and Ormskirk)... .. 5 ...... 9X Do., do., New Scrip... 1 1 4 ..... 23 / 4 East Lincolnshire ...... 11A....•• 2IA % East & West of England 1% — . .............. Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 ...- — ... •• Ditto Half Shares ... 10 Edinburgh & Northern.. 12% — ... ......... ... Ditto, Quarter Shares 17 ,2 131/2.;pii ........... .. Edinburgh and Perth... 3 , ...... .. . EEnlyniagnkidirenuratisili; .....• 12 2% ..... Exeter, Yeovil , & Dorset 5% Glasgow, Kilmar..,&Ayr 50 — Ditto, New ......... .. 15 ....._ _ Do., Ms Shares (5 per • ..... ••••..•• cent. guar.) Glouc.,Abei ystwith, and Central of Wales 13g...... Goole, Doncaster, &c. .. 425. Grand Union (Notting- 1 4 P.. ...... ... and Lynn Great Eastern & Western 2 I " GreatGrimsby and Shef- h.... ....... .... .. field Great South. and West. (Ireland) Great 'Munster 2%...... Great North of Scotland 2%•••••• Great Northof England..loo 235 Ditto New 5 Ditto, New . . Ditto, New 19% Great Western Ditto % Shares. Ditto 4 Shares lO Ditto Fifths 2O Ditto, New ... 2 Huddersfield & Manches. 13 ...... — Ditto, Extension Hull and Selby 5O 107% 107% Ditto M Shares Do. Half Shares 25 Ipswich & Bury St. Edm. 11% "Do., do., and Norwich 2 % Lancaster and Carlisle... 50 Do. New Leeds and Bradford Leeds and Carlisle Leicester & Birmingham 225. — ... ........ Leicester and Bedford... 225....•.. Leeds, Dewsbury, &c.... 22% 33 Do., Branch (Blue) ... 2% 9 14% 9% Do. Extension(Green) 2 %.. ... Leeds and Thirsk 17% I S 3A. Ditto, New Lpool., Mnchstr &New castle Junction Liverpool and Bury - ... ...... London and Blackwall. 16 /. 13 s. 4 d. 8% lA__ 20% 13% .... lA P 2% ••• •• 000000 •••• ••• 4;4 Do. New Ditto Extension . — 7 IA .. London, Brighton, and South Coast Ditto, Fifths Do. Consol. Eighths.. 10 Do. Guarant. 5 per ct. 9 London and Greenwich 12115 s 4d Do. Preference ...18/173 2d — •• London, Hounslow, and Western London and N. Westernloo 19 3 3 /4 19 OA 194% Do. Quarters .. D0., do., New Ditto Fifths We hare received the Paris papers of Monday. There is a controversy going on among the Minis terial journals as to the wording of M. Cruszofs note to the Northern Powers, on the Cracow affair. The Presse stated a few days since that the note of M GuizoT expressly declared that the violation of the treaty of Vienna by the Northern Powers had placed France at liberty to violate it whenever it should be her interest so to do. The Portefeuille, on the con trary— which paper is the organ of the Foreign-office —denies this statement, and says— °°We are assured that M. Guizot, after directing at- Gos; declared th a t t h e con ernment was to watch over their maintenar.ce ; tha t Fran ce has religiously re tention to the fact that the revolution of July was effected in hatred of the treaties of 1815 ; that the most energetic and the boldest portion of the victorious party s w t i a s n h t e d th o t(l u g t h e t a o r f u p t h t e h e li s e i o t g r , e s atie srected them ; and that their violation on the part of the three Courts is so much the less comprehensible that it was not necessary to the security of their possessions. But (adds M. Guizo9 France will not imitate the ex ample given to her ; her Government continues to re gard the treaty of Vienna as the basis of the balance of power in Europe, and for her part, she was decided nut in any way to infringe it." The Esprit Public says that the note was originally drawn up by M. GUIZOT as published by the Presse, but hints that it 1,v, , s subsequently modified in com pliance with fears not shared in by the Minister himself. - - We find the following quoted by the Journal des Debats from the Revue Diplontatique, on the subject of the absence of the Foreign Ambassadors from the fate given by M. Guizor to the Bey of TUNIS " To prevent false conclusions being drawn from the absence of the foreign Ambassadors from the late fate given at the hotel of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, it is important to state fully the facts. When the King's Government, on the Bth of August, 1830, entered into the treaty of commerce with Hussein Bey, the title given to him in it was Prince of the People, Chosen of the Grandees, issue of blood Royal, brilliant from marks the most brilliant, and for the most sublime virtues, Hussein Bey, Master of the kingdom of Africa.' The same titles have been acknowledged by Sardinia and Belgium ; one, in a treaty of the 22d of February, 1832, and the other in a treaty of the 14th of Octo ber, 1831. Upon these precedents it was quite natural that the Bey of Tunis, on arriving at Paris, should be received at Court as a Sovereign Prince. Never theless, the Turkish Ambassador, on the day after the reception of the Bey by the King of the French, showed a disposition to demand his passports ; but, reflecting on a step so serious, and which could not be taken without express instructions, his Excellency confined himself to delivering a verbal protest to M. Guizot, reserving future proceedings till after he had re ferred to the Sultan. In the meantime, the Bey, having intimated his intention to appoint a day for a reception of the diplomatic corps, the Ambassadors, Lord Nor manby among the first, declared that, as Hussein Bey was only the vassal of the Sultan, he was bound to make the first visit to the Ambassadors. To comprehend the full bearing of this expectation, it must be remembered that Ambassadors represent the person of their sove reigns, and that upon this ground even Princes of the Blood, when they arrive at a foreign Court, always pay the first visits to Ambassadors. His Royal lligh ness the Prince of Salerno, father of the Duchess d'Aumale, recently conformed to this rule of etiquette. The Bey of Tunis, notwithstanding his desire to respect the diplomatic etiquette of Europe, conceived it neces sary to refrain from a step which might be construed into a renunciation of his claim to be an independent Sovereign. This circumstance is the cause that, at all Court entertainments, care has been taken that the Bey should not come in contact with the diplomatic corps. The Minister of Foreign Affairs wished in his turn to testify to the Bey the esteem which the rare qualities of his High• ness had so generally acquired in France. But the previous announcement of the intended presence of the French Princes at this fete appeared to the Ambassadors to be an imperious reason for their confining themselves strictly within the laws of etiquette, according to which they would be bound to claim precedence of the Bey. To avoid a dispute, which would have been so much to be regretted, they deemed it would be prudent to abstain from appearing at the entertainment. At the same time to prove that their absence was imposed upon them by their official duties, and not from any personal feelings towards either the Bey or the Minister of Foreign Affairs, they sent their wives and the other members of their families. From all this it results, that the absence of the Ambassadors had no other motive than the am biguity, in their eyes, of the p o liti ca l position of the Bcy —whether he is to be considered as a Sovereign Prince, e cf ef th t e hi S s u p b e li i m et e P ef or e t t e i . q suspended his preparations for his journey to England." t p h pe a e rßse Bey that h h a a t e , The state of the money market continues to excite in or c a o s n a se v q a u s e s n a c l great anxiety in Paris. The price of corn is rapidly rising throughout France. dated etiquette letter letter from M. ALzmuunt4 Maw; . _ Do. 1 /,, Shares (G. J.) 5 Do 401.Shares(L.M.) 8 Do. 40/. (M. & B.) ... 40 - Do. 101. (51. & B.) A. 5 ............... Pstt Do. 10/. (M. & B.) B. 5 Do. 10/. (51. & B.) C. 1 - ' 0 id. & &Western 411 6s 10d 63 6 21 4 ......... 62% Do. New Consol Bths 40 — ........... ...• De. New Fo. New Ditto Tenths ........5 Ditto Tenths ... ..... 4 Ditt ) Scrip Ditto ditto London and York 2 1,4 . — -•••• Do. Extension Londe n and Windsor . 1,.... ••••.......• • London, Salisbury, and Yeovil -••••• 2%...... •-• ............... Londonderry& Coleraine 15 Londonderry and Ennis killen l5 — Lynn and Ely ..... ....... 15 - ... ........... Lynn and Dereham Hanchester and Leeds... 82 - ........ Ditto % Shares - ...... Do. Quarters Dc. Fifths 6 10/ 1 4 1 / 2 %4••• Do. Sixteenths Do. Extension 42s. — p.......••.••• .. Dc. Liverp. and Bury 24 Do. do. Fifths Manchesteratusron,and Matlock 425....... p............ Manchester Birm., and Mould Junction .....•.......• Manchest. & Southampt. 2 • ........... *** Midland lOO 127 126.......•••• Do. I ifths Do. New Ditto, New Do. Birm., and Derbyloo Nlidlnd& East. Counties 2% — ............ Midland Great Western Irish .•• 15 ...... ............. Newcastle and Berwick 20 Do. North Shields ... 25 ........... -.„ Newcastle and Carlis1e...100 Newinrket&Chesterfrd 5 Newport&Abergavenny 2% — .............. Newry and Enniskillen 7 Newry, Warrenpoint, and Rostr€vor 5 ...... 4 „ ........ ••• Newark, Sheffield, and __ . , Boston ... .. 1%.. ... ... ........ ~,., Norfolk .. —loo ••• • ... ...... Ditto Half Shares .. 9 Do. Extension • .......... ...•• Northern Counties Union 2 1 ,E 1 ............... North British ... ..... ... 25 Do. Half Shares ll ...... ..... ••• ••••• Do. Fifths .. Do. Quarters Do. Extension %•••••• 1% .......... ... • Northern and Eastern Do. Scrip (issd. 5 dis.) 45 Do. Quarter Shares... 12 1 ,[ a — ............... Do. New North Staffordshire 5 „..... 8N%........•• .. North Wales Northern and Southern Connecting North Western 2% — ........ .. ..... Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Oxford, Witney, and Cheltenham..,. Portsmouth Direct 3% — .. .......... Preston and Wyre Do. IA Shares _ .. ..., . . Reading, Guildford, and Reigate 3l. 12s. — dis. ••••••"•" Richmond 15 Royston and Hitchen ... 1% — ...........• •• Scottish Central Scottish Midland 12% l 3 l /2 ..... ........ .... .. - . Sheffield, Buxton, Leek 1 Potteries, andCrewe... 1% — ............... Sheffield & Manchester 100 Do. Quarter Shares... 2 ' — ... ........... Do. Lincolnshire Junc. 14 — ............... Do. & Great Grimsby. 10 ••• ........... Do. do. Extension 425. .... •••••••••• Shrewsbury and Binh... 3 .... • 4ii%•••••• .... Shropshire Union Shrews., Wolverhamp., &S. Staffordsb. June. 214 Sligo and Shannon l% -- ............ South Devon.... 4O South Staffordshire Junc. 2% - -31".. ....;. ; .. 'outh Eastern & Dover. 33 1 Do., No. 1 2O Do., Nc. 2. Do., No. 3 D0., No. 4 St.Alban's, Hatfield,and .....• Hertford Junction Staffordsh. & Shropshire VA — ....... .... ... • • South Wales ..... ... 5 Swans. & Loughor & Ca- ... meron's Still. Coal. ... 2 .. .0 Taw Vale Extension ... 2 Vale of Neath ... .. ...... 2 Wakefield, Pontefract. & ',4 41 o 00000000 Ill• Goole .... Warwick and Worcester 425. -, — ........... Waterford and Kilkenny 11 . Waterford and Limerick 225 ........... .... Waterfd,Wxfrd,Wicklw, and Dublin WexfordA vv aterford,and Valentia Waveney Valley ..... - ..... .. ........ Welsh Midland West Riding Union 42s. l% 1 3 .. .... ..... ... 0 , IN p West Cornwall Arexford and Carlow ... 2% — Wilts, Somerset, & 'Wey mouth - ..... 15 Worcester, Warwick, and Rugby rork and Carlisle 2% Vork and Newcastle. . .. 25 3B Ditto New Do. Preference f ork and forth Midland 50 Ditto IA Shares ..... ... 25 Do. Selby Do. Extension 2O ...... .. ........ ... Ditto, Preference Do. East and W est Rid ing Extension FOREIGN RAILWAYS. Anglo- Belgian Barbadoes 1 ...... ............... Belgian Eastern Junctn. 2 1 ,4 Boulogne and Amiens... 16 Bordeaux & Mediterran. 2 Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette (Mackenzie's)... 2 .. ......... Do. (Espelete's) Calais, Dunkrk, and West Flanders Calcutta and Diamond 2 ...". -- ............... harbour ......, ....... . 7,.. ............... Callao, Lima, and Pacific ..... Coast 1 .. .:. ••• •«••• ..• Central of Spain ... ... Ceylon .. .... ss. Demerara 2 14 ...... ~....••••••••• .. Dendre Valley Direct Bombay and , • Madras Dutch Rhenish East Indian ... .... ss. ..... .. Farnpoux & Hazebrouk 4 ... ..... Great Indian Peninsular ss. .... Great Western Bengal... ss. Great Western Canada... 3 1 4 • ............ ...... Italian and Austrian. ... 4 ••• ........ Jamaica S.Mid. J unc ti on 1 Jersey ...... .. .••••• 1 Louvain ii, la Sambre ... 6 ... . •.. .•.... ...... ... Luxemlourg...... ..... .. 4 Lyons and Avignon ... Madras . Madras, Nellore, and ....... Arcot % —* '•• ........ Madrid and Valentia.... 2 ... Mauritius .. .• ..• Namur and Liege Nn ofFranceConstituted 5 :.. .... --- 10!:1 .......................................... North Jamaica... ...... ...... Orleans and Vierzon ... 10 .... Orleans and Bordeaux... 6 Over Yssel 4135 4d Paris &Lyons Constituted 5 - ..... ••••••••• .... . Paris and Orleans Paris and Rouen - ..... •• Paris and Strasbourg Constituted Rouen and Havre Sambre and Meuse ...... 10 .... 1 1: 4% ..................................................................... Strasbourg and Bale ... 14 St. Laurence & Atlantic Tours and Nantes Con- .......... stituted ............. 5 Tournay, Jurbise, Lan- .....• den, and Hasselt. 8 -....... . ... Trinidad ...... West Flanders ...... .... 6 JOINT STOCK BANKS. ........ Provincial of Ireland ... 25 ...... London & Westminster. 20 .... ... Union of L0nd0n......... 10 - ........ ... ••-•" Australasia .. . .•• ..... British North American 40 50 - . ....... :.. National of Ireland 2214 — •••• ... MINES Real del Monte Unregd ...... 31 /4 ..... ' ..... .. LLOYD'S EC. B 9 H .— I NV I in P d derate breeze and thick weather. itr g A ir.) Kitt, Lima. 'D /./. *9 , • 9 (I W ilt ' ee DE AI ' W D ill O i. l lll Zll Bl‘ N D e c w c. Yo B r .— k. Wind E., strong. Ar rd. A rilk‘ ci II ar t I t i p , I,olol,uLvirv,eprpmoco.l,B.f—or NLvoinaddosn,.sh.rEot.igshitd.inativegerip,outtoo' Janeiro. a P m China. °l t ' I . . OFF TILE WIGHT, DEC. 5.--.SOphill , ...., Vi o E e 'S 86 7RWo3i.na dl AEl'iNce:,Eflofprrel!;:lroluirr:lf.:;ll:blic:' Becken ligu ' ' iramichi, for .Weymouths,Gdll7-kat: a y Gri v DAL T MOUTH', DVC 8. Wind E. Arra. Be ' ~n.e. get' PL Y3lO UTII, DEC. B. — Wind N. Arrd. St. Ge ° ' 6 ° -- naman, Sydney, New South Wales. FALMOUTH, DEC. B.—Wind N.E.,fresh• t r a rdOC /h BRISTOL, DEC. B.—Wind E.N.E. Arrd. Faside9' , Quebec. • bt• A ll ' LIVERPOOL, DEC. B.—Wind N.N.W.1,:::::::::1:::: Majestic, Africa; Margaret Skelly, (suPP°54 ilosertilliv' Ski. The Duke, Carson, Calcutta ; Ambassadress, ,q,Gratlll sNae:vanonralieia;nsi2isAbolann, Fisher, St. rsai:, John s, ; A.berdeen•f:A. borNoVCA..NT N E --°"" 3 • , r , E ß ß a F i o w n i Dr,: Savannah.D EC. . Wind N. to .... • • . n a tbsO es. o Com:, Dm. 6.—Wind N.N.W.—SId. :Kant's, _ c a llat 9 CRooIcIIAVEN, DEC. 3.—Arrd. Sabina, E°berts°P' from Cork. u ebe: A Thollol, '''' rdi 6 OFF NORTH Foliar...um—William an. - r SonmAmr•rox, DEC. B.—Arrd. Tan stear,;o,l4t; Vera Cruz, left Ist ult. ; Havannah, Iltb; St' l t ,7 r s of sil f V.' Bermuda. 21st ; on freight 600,000 dollars s a n c d k sg 0 of l oom 140,000 dollars in gold• dust and gold, two p Sa t* N76icscolLbil,s..Drroe;f:Pnsigniad;.sinclvoipr,ae,laisnßtd336te6alvnbzs. of old silvear. K INGSTOWN.—Arrd. Monroe,riFl‘dofFHlCll:e'vwannl.-°rabrhkajq'd.:eerswpoth;erti°lsl:l: DUNMORE EAST, DEC. 4. —Mary, Taylor , Oa i St. Domingo, leaky. . Q u ebec/ OFF CAPE CLEAR, DEC. 2.--Athol, Covl e9 _, Grangemouth; Jolla Di:4W, ditto; fin LiverPvv' •••• •••••• • • 000000 3 8 !i 6~ ;1 4 -76 i~ i .... ~... .... ...0 919 .... 5N 733/ 7 7 25 1 4 A P 3% 18% 9t4 914 _ 1% 16N 16N 10 14 126 ~~ r+ 35~4 I 84% .... -P 1 P Ak tv to. l e i 4 i n o 4: ltt da 0 ti,LerF, 11 1%` 111 0 qtri 154 314 29 81/4 12% .. 3~i -- 354 X ..0 I ...• 4% 0 t p ; .. 0it,„...., W to t e ed to 814 8 • uy ti